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Manning's Formula For Gravity Flow: Open Channel Slope Area Flow Metering

Manning's formula can be used to calculate the cross-sectional average velocity of flow in open channels. The formula uses variables such as Manning's coefficient, hydraulic radius, and slope to determine velocity, which can then be multiplied by the cross-sectional area to find the volume flow rate. An example calculation is shown for a half-circle channel with a diameter of 0.5 meters, Manning's coefficient of 0.012, and slope of 1/100 m/m, finding a volume flow rate of 0.21 m3/s.

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287 views3 pages

Manning's Formula For Gravity Flow: Open Channel Slope Area Flow Metering

Manning's formula can be used to calculate the cross-sectional average velocity of flow in open channels. The formula uses variables such as Manning's coefficient, hydraulic radius, and slope to determine velocity, which can then be multiplied by the cross-sectional area to find the volume flow rate. An example calculation is shown for a half-circle channel with a diameter of 0.5 meters, Manning's coefficient of 0.012, and slope of 1/100 m/m, finding a volume flow rate of 0.21 m3/s.

Uploaded by

Munzuara Akther
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Manning's Formula for Gravity Flow

Open channel slope area flow metering


Manning's equation can be used to calculate cross-sectional average velocity flow in open
channels

v = (kn / n) Rh2/3 S1/2 (1)

where

v = cross-sectional mean velocity (ft/s, m/s)

kn = 1.486 for English units and kn = 1.0 for SI units

n = Manning coefficient of roughness - ranging from 0.01 (a clean and smooth channel) to 0.06
(a channel with stones and debris, 1/3 of vegetation)

Rh = hydraulic radius (ft, m)

S = slope - or gradient - of pipe (ft/ft, m/m)

Hydraulic radius can be expressed as

Rh = A / Pw (2)

where

A = cross sectional area of flow (ft2, m)

Pw = wetted perimeter (ft, m)

 Flow Section Channels - Geometric Relationships


The volume flow in the channel can be calculated as

q = A v = A (kn / n) Rh2/3 S1/2 (3)

where

q = volume flow (ft3/s, m3/s)

A = cross-sectional area of flow (ft2, m2)


Example - Flow in an Open Channel
A channel with the shape of an half circle is 100% filled. The diameter of the half circle is 500
mm (0.5 m) and the channel is made of concrete with Manning coefficient 0.012. The slope of
the channel is 1/100 m/m.

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The cross section area of the half circle flow can be calculated as

A = (0.5 π ((0.5 m) / 2)2)

= 0.098 m2

The wetted perimeter of the half circle flow can be calculated as

P = 0.5 2 π (0.5 m) / 2)

= 0.785 m

The hydraulic radius of the channel can be calculated from (2) as

Rh = A / P

= (0.098 m2) / (0.785 m)

= 0.125 m

The cross sectional mean velocity can be calculated from (1) as

v = (kn / n) Rh2/3 S1/2

= (1.0 / 0.012) (0.125 m)2/3 (1/100 m/m)1/2

= 2.1 m/s
The volume flow can be calculated from (3) as

q=Av

= (0.098 m2) (2.1 m/s)

= 0.21 m3/s

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