Fault level calculation (Base MVA Methode)
Data:
1. Supply Voltage = 11 KV
2. Fault level at 11KV side at Sub-station (Thrissur) = 218 MVA
3. Length of 11KV feeder from sub-station to = 1000 M.
premises (Lf)
4. 11KV conductor size (Racoon) = 12.27mm
6. Spacing of conductors (d) = 1000 mm.
7. Resistance of line = 0.377728 Ohms/ Km.
8. Rating of transformer (1 No.) = 1. 160 KVA - 1No, 11KV/433V, % Z=4%
2. 400 KVA - 1No, 11KV/433V, % Z=4%
3. 750 KVA - 1No, 11KV/433V, % Z=5%
9. Soil resistivity (ℓ) = 75 Ohms-Mtrs.
Fault level calculation:
Assume base MVA as 100
Source impedance at base MVA = (100 x 100) / 218 = 45.87%
Radius of 11KV conductor (r) = 12.27/2 = 6.135mm
Inductance of line (L) = [2 x loge (d/r) + 0.5] x 10-7 x Lf
= [2 x log e (1000/6.135) + 0.5] x 10-7 x 1000 = 0.001Hentrys
Inductive reactance (XL) = 2ΠfL
= 2 x 3.14 x 50 x 0.001 = 0.314 Ohms
Resistance of 1 Km line (R) = 0.377728 x 1 = 0.38 Ohms
Impedance of line (Z) = √ (XL2 + R2)
= √ (0.314) 2 + (0.38) 2 = 0.49 Ohms
% line impedance at base MVA = (0.49 x 100 x 100) / 112 = 40.5%
Total % impedance up to premises = 45.87 + 40.5 = 86.37%
S/C MVA at 11KV side at premises = (100 x 100) / 86.37 = 115.78MVA
Considering future increase, 150MVA shall be taken as fault level at 11KV side.
Fault current at 150MVA level at 11KV side = 150 x 103 / √3 x 11 = 7.873 kA
% Impedance corresponding to 150MVA fault level = (100 x 100) / 150 = 66.67%
Transformer-1 :-
% Impedance of transformer 1 at base MVA = (4 x 100) / 0.16 = 2500%
Total % impedance up to 433V bus = 66.67 + 2500 = 2566.67 %
S/C MVA at 433V bus (100 x 100) /
= 2566.67 = 3.89 MVA
Corresponding fault level
(3.89 x 1000) / √3 x
= 433 = 5.19- KA
Earthing design:
Size of conductor for earthing 11KV side
(copper) = 7873 / 118 = 66.7 Sq.mm.
Nearest standard size (HT) 25 x 3 mm Cu
= Strips
Size of conductor for earthing MV side 43.98
(copper) = 5190 / 118 = Sq.mm.
Nearest standard size (LT) 25 x 3 mm Cu
= Strips
Transformer-2 :-
% Impedance of transformer 2 at base MVA = (4 x 100) / 0.4 = 1000%
Total % impedance up to 433V bus = 66.67 + 1000 = 1066.67 %
S/C MVA at 433V bus (100 x 100) /
= 1066.67 = 9.37 MVA
Corresponding fault level (9.37 x 1000) / √3 x
= 433 = 12.5 kA
Earthing design:
Size of conductor for earthing 11KV side
(copper) = 7873 / 118 = 66.7 Sq.mm.
Nearest standard size (HT) 25 x 3 mm Cu
= Strips
Size of conductor for earthing MV side 105.93
(copper) = 12500 / 118 = Sq.mm.
Nearest standard size (LT) 38 x 3 mm Cu
= Strips
Transformer-3 :-
% Impedance of transformer 3 at base MVA = (5 x 100) / 0.75 = 666.66%
Total % impedance up to 433V bus = 66.67 + 666.66 = 733.33 %
S/C MVA at 433V bus = (100 x 100) /733.33 = 13.63 MVA
Corresponding fault level (13.63 x 1000) / √3
= x 433 = 18.19 kA
Earthing design:
Size of conductor for earthing 11KV side
(copper) = 7873 / 118 = 66.7 Sq.mm.
Nearest standard size (HT) 25 x 3 mm Cu
= Strips
Size of conductor for earthing MV side 154.15
(copper) = 18190 / 118 = Sq.mm.
Nearest standard size (LT) 32 x 6 mm Cu
= Strips
Permissible current density at an electrode = [(7.57 x 103) / √ (ℓ x t)]
= [(7.57 x 103) / √ (75 x 3)] = 504.66 A/m2
Plate electrodes of size 1200x1200x12.3mm Cast Iron plate is using
Then total area of both sides of one plate electrode = 1.2 x 1.2 x 2 = 2.88 m2
Area required for dissipating fault current at 11KV side = 7873 / 504.66 = 15.6 m2
Number of plate electrodes required = 15.6/ 2.88 = 5.4 ~ 6Nos.
As installation includes 3 Nos. transformer and 2 Nos. generator, hence number of earth pits provided is
6 Nos., hence adequate.
Earth pits shall be interlinked with 32x6 mm Cu Strips.
