American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) 2017

American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER)

e-ISSN: 2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936
Volume-6, Issue-10, pp-334-337
www.ajer.org
Research Paper Open Access

Using Cryptography Algorithms to Secure Cloud Computing

Data and Services
Eng. Hashem H. Ramadan, Moussa Adamou Djamilou
1
Master in Computer Science Indian Academy Degree College, Bangalore
2
Master in Computer Science Indian Academy Degree College, Bangalore

ABSTRACT: These days regrading to the high demand on usingthe cloud computing services for storing and
processing data, there is awareness about the information security and cloud computing. This paper present and
take you to see an overview about the cryptography algorithm to detect the best cryptography algorithms for
protecting and securing data on cloud computing. In this paper, we are reviewing the asymmetric and
symmetric key cryptography with concentration on the symmetric key cryptography with consideration on the
best algorithm to use for cloud application and services that require data security.
Keywords: Cloud, Cloud Computing, Cryptography, Encryption, Decryption, Security, Symmetric-Key,
Asymmetric Key, etc.
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Date of Submission: 13-10-2017 Date of acceptance: 31-10-2017
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I. INTRODUCTION
Cloud Computing is the process of providing cloud services on the internet. Cloud services allows the
organizations and individuals to use the software that managed by cloud services provider. Cloud computing
model allow accessing the services and information remotely. Because of moving data to cloud services,
organizations are looking for protecting their data against unauthorized access. Securing the cloud means secure
the calculation, storage and applications. Security goals located into three points: confidentiality, integrity and
availability. Cryptography is caring about the confidentiality of data in the cloud. Cryptography these days is a
combination of three algorithms types: (1) Symmetric Key Algorithms (2) Asymmetric Key Algorithms and (3)
hashing.
Data cryptography is encoding the content of the data like text and media to make it not
understandable, meaningless and invisible during transmission and storage, this term known as encryption. The
opposite process of retrieving the original data from encrypted data known as decryption. To encrypt data on
cloud storage both symmetric key and asymmetric key can be used, but according to the huge size of the
database and data stored in cloud storage using of symmetric key algorithm is faster than asymmetric key.

II. SYMMETRIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY

Private Key cryptography is also known as symmetric key cryptography; a secret key may be held by one
person or exchanged between the sender and receiver of a message. If private key cryptography used to send
secret message between two parties, both the sender and receiver must have a copy of the secret key. However,
the key may be compromised during transit. If you know the party you are exchanging messages with, you can
give them the key in advance. However, if you need to send an encrypted message to someone, you have never
met; you will need to figure out a way to exchange keys in a secure way. One method is to send it via another
secure channel [1].

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Model of Private Key Encryption

Private Key Encryption Ingredients:

Plain Text Input, This is data and information as the input that will sent to encryption algorithm. It is the
original readable message. Encryption algorithm, Symmetric encryption algorithms may use stream ciphers or
clock ciphers, Steam ciphers encrypt digits once at a time, Block ciphers take number of bits and encrypt them
as a single unit. Common unit size is 64 bits, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is an algorithms used for
encrypting 64 bit block. Secret Key, it is also an input to the algorithm and it is independent value from plain
text and algorithm. The algorithm is generating a new output depending on the secret key provided and known
by the sender and receiver.Cipher Text, The output of the encryption algorithm. For each different keys, it will
produce different cipher text according to the secret key. The cipher text is unintelligible. Decryption
algorithm, as there is some algorithms for encrypting the data there must be also an algorithm for decrypting
the data, this algorithm is commonly will be the reverse of the encryption algorithm. The output must be the
plain text input; else, the decryption algorithm is not working correctly [2].

Comparison between DES, TRIPLE DES, AES:

Data Encryption Standard(DES) takes 64-bit as plain text and 56-bit as secret key as input and its use
64-bit cipher text as an output. DES strength lies in two factors: first when using 56 bit as a key there are 256
possible keys, second the nature of the algorithm, the cryptanalyst can perform cryptanalysis by exploiting the
characteristics of DES algorithm but it is hard to succeed the weakness. DES weakness points locating on if we
are using two inputs to an S-box can create the same output;also,the purpose of initial and final permutation is
not clear.3DESalgorithm is an extension of DES algorithm; we are applying the DES algorithm three time with
three different keys. Which means that the key length will be three time of the DES key, the length will be
(3*56) which will be 168-bit length. The weakness point of 3DES algorithms detected during using three weak
keys [3].AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is an encryption algorithms used for protecting data in
commercial transaction. It consists of three block ciphers: AES-128, AES-192 and AES-256. Each of these
ciphers are 128-bit block size and 128, 192 and 256-bit key size respectively.AES is not caring only about the
security, even it also improving the performance of setting like hardware implementation. It is faster and
stronger than 3DES. Rijndael is an AES-256 algorithm and it is the strongest algorithms because of the key size
is stronger than other algorithms [4].

III. ASYMMETRIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY

The public key cryptography is a cryptography technique used two different keys, first one for
encryption (public key) and the other one for decryption (private key). The public key known to everyone and
private key only known by the owner. The public key cryptography has a very good system of verification, such
that even a single character change will cause verification to fail.
The Asymmetric encryption do not have key distribution problem but slow compare to the symmetric
encryption because they use huge amount of power for their process [5].
Different asymmetric algorithms used like RAS, Diffie Hellman (DH), Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem
(ECC), Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) and El Gamal. The best algorithms in asymmetric are RSA and
Diffie Hellman.The most common public key algorithm is RSA, it named for its inventors (Rivest, Shamir, and
Adleman) [5]. The algorithm is a one way function, RSA(n,e,x) = xe mod n where the case of interest is that n is
the product of two large primes p and q and gcd(e, ɸ(n)) = 1 [6]. For RSA algorithm n and e together form the
public key while d is the private key that is why to compute d is very crucial. RSA is the most widely used
asymmetric encryption algorithm and it used for SSL/TLS.

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American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) 2017
RSA Algorithm:
The RSA algorithm is a cipher in which the plaintext and cipher text are integers between zero and n-1 for some
n. It make use of an exponentials, plaintext encrypted in blocks by: C = Me mod n where C is the cipher text and
M the plaintext. In the same way the plaintext is obtain by M = Cd mod n, where d is the private key.

Process of RSA
 Chose two large prime number p and q then calculate n = p*q.
 Select the public key (e), encryption key such that it is not a factor of (p - 1) and (q – 1).
 Select the private key d (decryption key) such that the following equation is true: (d*e)mod(p – 1)(q – 1) =
1.
 For encryption, calculate the cipher text (CT) from the plaintext (PT), CT = (PT)e mod n. Send CT to the
receiver.
 For decryption: PT = (CT)d mod n.

Comparison between RSA and Diffie Hellman

The strength points of RSA lies in that algorithm can be applicable for encryption/decryption, digital
signature and for key exchange. Itis the most widely used asymmetric encryption algorithm. When you encrypt
with a private key, the cipher text can only decrypted with the public key. It used for SSL/TLS (secure sockets
layer/transport layer security), for protecting information, you transmit and receive over the Internet, for
instance, when you do your online banking or simply log into a website. The biggest obstacle RSA algorithm is
once d is determine the cipher text can easily be decrypted.
Diffie Hellman algorithm designed to generate a shared secret key for exchanging information
confidentially.DH is one of the earliest, practical examples of public key exchange implemented within the field
of cryptography and provides the basis for a variety of authenticated protocols. For example: DH is used to
provide perfect forward secrecy in Transport Layer Security's ephemeral modes (referred to as EDH or DHE
depending on the cipher suite) [7].The algorithm make used of exponentials module calculation to generate key,
which make key secured [6].

IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM

To ensure that data on cloud computing services is secure, one algorithms is not sufficient for
encrypting and decrypting data because it is common for hackers. Cryptography of multilevel better than using
one algorithm. According to the file size, we need to use combination of algorithms that are compatible to each
other. For that, we are going to use a combination of both symmetric and asymmetric algorithms. These
algorithms are AES and RSA. First step to encrypt data using the AES algorithm then encrypt using the RSA
algorithm after that send the file to the cloud service. We need to ensure also to encrypt the keys used to encrypt
the data.

Proposed System Design:

The proposed system designed to provide security to the databases and data uploaded to the cloud
storage. This proposed system used AES-256 and RSA encryption algorithms to generate encryption to data
before uploading it to the cloud, and it generate decryption to the data before downloading it from cloud. The
proposed system design focuses in the following objectives:
1- For encryption of data:
a. Load the data needed to secure to the system.
b. Implement the AES encryption algorithm to generate first level of encryption.
c. Implement the RSA encryption algorithm to generate second level of encryption.
d. Save cipher output from two levels and upload it to cloud storage.
2- For decryption of data:
a. Download the ciphered uploaded data from cloud storage.
b. Implement RSA decryption algorithm to generate first level of decryption.
c. Implement AES decryption algorithm to generate second level of decryption.
d. Read the data after decryption levels.

V. CONCLUSION
Cloud computing is defined as a set of services provided by the cloud service provider to be accessed
over the internet. Most of the organization are shifting their data over the cloud, which means that they are using
the storage service provided by cloud service providers. Therefore, there is a need to secure the data uploaded
over the cloud storage. To ensure about the security of the data over the cloud storage, we are using the
cryptography term to secure the data. For that purpose, we are embedding two algorithms from different

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cryptography ways to encrypt and decrypt our data. In this paper, we are using the most security algorithms,
which are compatible with each other AES and RSA algorithms. The proposed system that we are designing to
use multilevel cryptography, first we are encrypting the data using the AES algorithms and then we are
encrypting the output from the first level using RSA algorithms then uploading it over the cloud storage.

REFERENCE
[1] Ajit Singh, Rimple Gilhotra, “Data Security Using Private Key Encryption System Based in Arithmetic
Coding”,International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.3, No.3, May 2011.
[2] Book: William Stallings,“Cryptography and Network Security Principles and Practice”, Prentice Hall,
2011
[3] http://www.careerride.com/Networking-DES-weakness-and-strength.aspx
[4] http://www.electronicsbus.com/advanced-encryption-standard-aes-encryption-algorithm/
[5] Aman Kumar,Dr.Sudesh Jakhar, Mr Sunil Makka, “Comparative Analysis between DES and RSA
Algorithm’s”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software
Engineering , Vol.2 Issue.7, July- 2012.
[6] Book: William Stalling, “Cryptography and Network Security”, 6th Ed.
[7] https://crypto.stackexchange.com/tags/diffie-hellman/info

Eng. Hashem H. Ramadan. “Using Cryptography Algorithms to Secure Cloud Computing Data
and Services .” American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), vol. 6, no. 10, 2017, pp.
334–337.

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