5/4/2018 1

Cylindrical Waveguide
Fundamentals

A hollow metal tube of circular cross section also supports TE

and TM waveguide modes as shown.

5/4/2018 2
5/4/2018 3
5/4/2018 4
5/4/2018 5
5/4/2018 6
5/4/2018 7
5/4/2018 8
5/4/2018 9
 Cylindrical Waveguide
Fundamentals (Cont’d..)
For cylindrical waveguide, the field components is in
cylindrical coordinates which are:

E S  E s a   Es a  E zs a z
H S  H s a   H s a  H zs a z

Inserting these equations into previous Maxwell’s

equation,

 E S   ES  0
2 2  2 H S   2 H S  0

5/4/2018 10
 Cylindrical Waveguide
Fundamentals (Cont’d..)
By using the same method of derivation for rectangular
waveguide (starting from slide 21), we could get four equations
of Eρ, Eφ, Hρ and Hφ in terms of Ez and Hz

j  E zs  H zs  j   E zs H zs 
E s      H s    
2 2    
k c      kc  
(13) (14)

 j   E zs H zs  j  E zs  H zs 
Es      H s      
2     2
kc    
kc   
(15) Try this!!!! (16)
5/4/2018 11
 Cylindrical Waveguide Modes

• For TM Mode
For the TM modes of the circular waveguide, we must solve Ez
from the wave equation in cylindrical coordinates, then through
a very long and difficult derivation, we could get the transverse
fields as:
 j
E s   A sin n  B cos n J n ' kc  e  jz
kc

 jn
Es  2  A cos n  B sin n J n kc  e  jz
kc 
5/4/2018 12
 Cylindrical Waveguide TM Modes
(Cont’d..)

and also..

jn
H s  2  A cos n  B sin n J n kc  e  jz
kc 

 j
H s   A sin n  B cos n J n ' kc  e  jz
kc

5/4/2018 13
 Cylindrical Waveguide TM Modes
(Cont’d..)

Some useful parameters for TM mode:

E  E 
ZTM    Wave impedance for TM modes
H H k

p
kc  nm Cutoff wavenumber
a

Propagation constant
 nm  k  k c  k   pnm a 
2 2 2 2
of the TMnm modes

kc pnm
fcnm   Cutoff frequency
2  2a 

5/4/2018 14
 Cylindrical Waveguide TM Modes
(Cont’d..)

Values of pnm for TM Modes of a Circular Waveguide

n pn1 pn2 pn3

0 2.405 5.520 8.654

1 3.832 7.016 10.174

2 5.135 8.417 11.620

pnm is the roots of Jn(x) which recognized as solution for

Bessel’s differential equation.

5/4/2018 15
 Cylindrical Waveguide Modes
(Cont’d..)

• For TE Mode
For the TE modes of the circular waveguide, we must solve Hz
from the wave equation in cylindrical coordinates, after which
we could get the transverse fields as:

 jn
E s   A cosn  B sin n J n kc  e  jz
kc 2 

 j
Es   A sin n  B cos n J n ' kc  e  jz
kc
5/4/2018 16
 Cylindrical Waveguide TE Modes
(Cont’d..)

and also..

 j
H s   A sin n  B cos n J n ' kc  e  jz
kc

 jn
Hs   A cosn  B sin n J n kc  e  jz
kc 2 

5/4/2018 17
 Cylindrical Waveguide TE Modes
(Cont’d..)

Some useful parameters for TE mode:

E  E k
ZTE    Wave impedance for TE modes
H H 

p'nm
kc  Cutoff wavenumber
a

Propagation constant
 nm  k  k c  k   p'nm a 
2 2 2 2
of the TEnm modes

kc p'nm
fcnm   Cutoff frequency
2  2a 

5/4/2018 18
 Cylindrical Waveguide TE Modes
(Cont’d..)

Values of p’nm for TE Modes of a Circular Waveguide

n p'n1 p’n2 p’n3

0 3.832 7.016 10.174

1 1.841 5.331 8.536

2 3.054 6.706 9.970

p’nm is the roots of Jn(x) which recognized as solution for

Bessel’s differential equation.

5/4/2018 19
 Field lines for some of the lower order modes of a cylindrical
waveguide :

5/4/2018 20
 1.7 Resonant Cavity

The length of resonator, d is made multiple of waveguide

wavelength, i.e.
a
g b
dp p =1,2,3……
2 d=p/2
Resonator wavelength can be
calculated as :
1 1 1 1 1
   
 
a
2r 2c 2g 2c 2d 2
p

2 d=p2

where c 
kc
5/4/2018 21
 Resonant Cavity (Cont’d..)

And kc for rectangular waveguide

2 2
 m   n 
k c2    
 a   b 

For cylindrical wave guide

pnm p ' nm
TM mode k c  TE mode kc 
a a

5/4/2018 22
 Example

A cylindrical resonator has a radius of 5cm

which is used to measure frequency from 8GHz
to 12GHz at TE11 mode . What is the required
length, d for tuning those frequency in that
particular mode.

5/4/2018 23
 Solution to Example 4

First we calculate the cutoff wavelength

2 2
c   1.841  0.1706 m
kc 0.05

First frequency wavelength at 8 GHz,

c 3 10 8
r1    0.0375m
f r1 8 109
Second frequency wavelength at 12 GHz,

c 3 108
r 2    0.025 m
fr2 12 10
9
5/4/2018 24
 Solution to Example 4 (Cont’d..)

 
p 1 
Calculate the length of wave guide d  
2 1  1 
 2r 2c 

For first frequency at 8 GHz,

1 1
d1   0.0192 m
2 1  1
0.0375 2 0.1706 2

For second frequency at 12 GHz,

1 1
d2   0.0126 m
2 1  1
0.025 2 0.1706 2
5/4/2018 25
 Solution to Example 4 (Cont’d..)

So, the cavity need to have length, d in this range in

order to make the cavity operates at resonant
frequencies between 8GHz to 12 GHz:

0.0126 m  d  0.0192 m

5/4/2018 26
 Dielectric Waveguide

Air filled wave guide Dielectric filled wave guide

g   o2  k c2  g   r  o2  k c2

2 2  r
    s 
2     s 
2

o o
chnm chnm
fc  fc 
2 a 2 a  r

2 2
m n
2 2
c c m n
fc      fc     
2  a  b 2 r  a  b

1 1
  2  1 r
c 2
o 2   2 
c 2 o 2
5/4/2018 27
 Circular Waveguide

TE Waves

5/4/2018 28
 Circular Waveguide

TM Waves

5/4/2018 29
 Summary of Results for Cirular Waveguide

5/4/2018 30
 Example I
Find the cutoff frequencies of the first two propagating modes of a Teflon-filled (εr=2.08,
tanδ=0.0004) circular waveguide with a=0.5cm. If the interior of the guide is gold plated, calculated
the overall loss in dB for a 30cm length operating at 14GHz.

5/4/2018 31
 Example II

5/4/2018 32