ARTICLE 117. Espionage.

— The penalty of shall be inflicted

TITLE ONE upon any person who:
Crimes Against National Security and the Law of Nations
1. Without authority therefor, enters a warship, fort or
CHAPTER ONE naval or military establishment or reservation to obtain any
Crimes Against National Security information, plans, photographs or other data of a
confidential nature relative to the defense of the Philippine
SECTION ONE Archipelago; or
Treason and Espionage
2. Being in possession, by reason of the public office he
ARTICLE 114. Treason. — Any Filipino citizen who levies war holds, of the articles, data or information referred to in the
against the Philippines or adheres to the enemies, giving them aid preceding paragraph, discloses their contents to a
or comfort within the Philippines or elsewhere, shall be punished by representative of a foreign nation.
reclusion perpetua to death and a fine not to exceed 4 million
pesos. The penalty next higher in degree shall be imposed if the offender
be a public officer or employee.
No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony
of two witnesses at least to the same overt act or on confession of
the accused in open court.

Likewise, an alien, residing in the Philippines, who commits acts

of treason as defined in paragraph 1 of this article shall be punished SECTION TWO
by reclusion temporal to death and shall pay a fine not to exceed Provoking War and Disloyalty in Case of War
4 million pesos.

ARTICLE 115. Conspiracy and Proposal to Commit Treason — ARTICLE 118. Inciting to War or Giving Motives for Reprisals. —
Penalty. — The conspiracy or proposal to commit the crime of The penalty of reclusión temporal shall be imposed upon any public
treason shall be punished respectively, by prisión mayor and a fine officer or employee, and that of prisión mayor upon any private
not exceeding 2 million pesos, and and a fine not exceeding 1 individual, who, by unlawful or unauthorized acts provokes or gives
million pesos. occasion for a war involving or liable to involve the Philippine Islands
or exposes Filipino citizens to reprisals on their persons or property.
ARTICLE 116. Misprision of Treason. — Every person owing
allegiance to the Government of the Philippine Islands, without ARTICLE 119. Violation of Neutrality. — The penalty of prisión
being a foreigner, and having knowledge of any conspiracy correccional shall be inflicted upon anyone who, on the occasion
against them, who conceals or does not disclose and make known of a war in which the Government is not involved, violates any
the same, as soon as possible to the governor or fiscal of the regulation issued by competent authority for the purpose of
province, or the mayor or fiscal of the city in which he resides, as the enforcing neutrality.
case may be, shall be punished as an accessory to the crime of
treason.
 ARTICLE 120. Correspondence with Hostile Country. — Any ARTICLE 123. Qualified Piracy. — The penalty of reclusión
person, who in time of war, shall have correspondence with an temporal to death shall be imposed upon those who commit any of
enemy country or territory occupied by enemy troops shall be the crimes referred to in the preceding article, under any of the
punished: following circumstances:

1. By prisión correccional, if the correspondence has 1. Whenever they have seized a vessel by boarding or
been prohibited by the Government; firing upon the same;

2. By prisión mayor, if such correspondence be carried on 2. Whenever the pirates have abandoned their victims
in ciphers or conventional signs; and without means of saving themselves; or

3. By
reclusión temporal, if notice or information be given 3. 3. Whenever the crime is accompanied by murder,
thereby which might be useful to the enemy. If the offender homicide, physical injuries, or rape.
intended to aid the enemy by giving such notice or
information, he shall suffer the penalty of reclusión temporal
to death.

ARTICLE 121. Flight to Enemy's Country. — The penalty of arresto

mayor shall be inflicted upon any person who, owing allegiance to
the Government, attempts to flee or go to an enemy country when
prohibited by competent authority.

SECTION THREE
Piracy and Mutiny on the High Seas

ARTICLE 122. Piracy in General and Mutiny on the High Seas. —

The penalty of reclusión perpetua shall be inflicted upon any person
who, on the high seas, shall attack or seize a vessel or, not being a
member of its complement nor a passenger, shall seize the whole or
part of the cargo of said vessel, its equipment or personal
belongings of its complement or passengers.

The same penalty shall be inflicted in case of mutiny on the high

seas or In Philippine waters.
 TITLE TWO ARTICLE 125. Delay in the Delivery of Detained Persons to the
Crimes Against the Fundamental Laws of the State Proper Judicial Authorities. — The penalties provided in the next
preceding article shall be imposed upon the public officer or
CHAPTER ONE employee who shall detain any person for some legal ground and
Arbitrary Detention or Expulsion, Violation of Dwelling, shall fail to deliver such person to the proper judicial authorities
Prohibition, Interruption, and Dissolution of Peaceful within the period of:
Meetings and Crimes Against Religious Worship
12 hours, for crimes or offenses punishable by light penalties, or
their equivalent;
SECTION ONE
Arbitrary Detention and Expulsion 18 hours, for crimes or offenses punishable by correctional
penalties, or their equivalent;

36 hours, for crimes or offenses punishable by afflictive

ARTICLE 124. Arbitrary Detention. — Any public officer or penalties, or their equivalent.
employee who, without legal grounds, detains a person, shall
suffer: In every case, the person detained shall be informed of the
cause of his detention and shall be allowed, upon his request, to
1. The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to communicate and confer at any time with his attorney or counsel.
prisión correccional in its minimum period, if the detention has
not exceeded three days; ARTICLE 126. Delaying Release. — The penalties provided for in
article 124 shall be imposed upon any public officer or employee
2. Thepenalty of prisión correccional in its medium and who delays for the period of time specified therein the performance
maximum periods, if the detention has continued more than of any judicial or executive order for the release of a prisoner or
three but not more than fifteen days; detention prisoner, or unduly delays the service of the notice of such
order to said prisoner or the proceedings upon any petition for the
3. The
penalty of prisión mayor, if the detention has liberation of such person.
continued for more than fifteen days but not more than six
months; and ARTICLE 127. Expulsion. — The penalty of prisión correccional
shall be imposed upon any public officer or employee who, not
4. That of reclusión temporal, if the detention shall have being thereunto authorized by law, shall expel any person from the
exceeded six months. Philippine Islands or shall compel such person to change his
residence.
The commission of a crime, or violent insanity or any other
ailment requiring the compulsory confinement of the patient in a
hospital, shall be considered legal grounds for the detention of any
person.
 SECTION TWO SECTION THREE
Violation of Domicile Prohibition, Interruption, and Dissolution of Peaceful
Meetings

ARTICLE 128. Violation of Domicile. — The penalty of prisión ARTICLE 131. Prohibition, Interruption, and Dissolution of
correccional in its minimum period shall be imposed upon any Peaceful Meetings. — The penalty of prisión correccional in its
public officer or employee who, not being authorized by judicial minimum period shall be imposed upon any public officer or
order, shall enter any dwelling against the will of the owner thereof, employee who, without legal ground, shall prohibit or interrupt the
search papers or other effects found therein without the previous holding of a peaceful meeting, or shall dissolve the same.
consent of such owner, or, having surreptitiously entered said
dwelling, and being required to leave the premises, shall refuse to The same penalty shall be imposed upon a public officer or
do so. employee who shall hinder any person from joining any lawful
association or from attending any of its meetings.
If the offense be committed in the night-time, or if any papers
or effects not constituting evidence of a crime be not returned The same penalty shall be imposed upon any public officer or
immediately after the search made by the offender, the penalty employee who shall prohibit or hinder any person from addressing,
shall be prisión correccional in its medium and maximum periods. either alone or together with others, any petition to the authorities
for the correction of abuses or redress of grievances.
ARTICLE 129. Search Warrants Maliciously Obtained and Abuse
in the Service of Those Legally Obtained. — In addition to the liability
attaching to the offender for the commission of any other offense,
the penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prisión SECTION FOUR
correccional in its minimum period and a fine not exceeding 1,000 Crimes Against Religious Worship
pesos shall be imposed upon any public officer or employee who
shall procure a search warrant without just cause, or, having legally ARTICLE 132. Interruption of Religious Worship. — The penalty of
procured the same, shall exceed his authority or use unnecessary prisión correccional in its minimum period shall be imposed upon
severity in executing the same. any public officer or employee who shall prevent or disturb the
ceremonies or manifestations of any religion.
ARTICLE 130. Searching Domicile Without Witnesses. — The
penalty of arresto mayor in its medium and maximum periods shall If the crime shall have been committed with violence or threats,
be imposed upon a public officer or employee who, in cases where the penalty shall be prisión correccional in its medium and
a search is proper, shall search the domicile, papers or other maximum periods.
belongings of any person, in the absence of the latter, any member
ARTICLE 133. Offending the Religious Feelings. — The penalty of
of his family, or in their default, without the presence of two witnesses
arresto mayor in its maximum period to prisión correccional in its
residing in the same locality.
minimum period shall be imposed upon anyone who, in a place
devoted to religious worship or during the celebration of any
religious ceremony shall perform acts notoriously offensive to the
feelings of the faithful.
 TITLE THREE Any person who leads or in any manner directs or commands
Crimes Against Public Order others to undertake a coup d’etat shall suffer the penalty of
reclusion perpetua.
CHAPTER ONE
Rebellion, Sedition, and Disloyalty Any person in the government service who participates, or
executes directions or commands of others in undertaking a coup
d’etat shall suffer the penalty of prisión mayor in its maximum period.

ARTICLE 134. Rebellion or Insurrection. — How Committed. — Any person not in the government service who participates, or
The crime of rebellion or insurrection is committed by rising publicly in any manner supports, finances, abets or aids in undertaking a
and taking arms against the Government for the purpose of coup d’etat shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal in its
removing from the allegiance to said Government or its laws, the maximum period.
territory of the Philippine Islands or any part thereof of any body of
land, naval or other armed forces, or depriving the Chief Executive When the rebellion, insurrection, or coup d’etat shall be under
or the Legislature, wholly or partially, of any of their powers or the command of unknown leaders, any person who in fact directed
prerogatives. the others, spoke for them, signed receipts and other documents
issued in their name, or performed similar acts on behalf of the
ARTICLE 134-A. Coup d’etat — How Committed. — The crime of rebels, shall be deemed a leader of such rebellion, insurrection, or
coup d’etat is a swift attack accompanied by violence, coup d’etat.
intimidation, threat, strategy or stealth, directed against duly
constituted authorities of the Republic of the Philippines, or any ARTICLE 136. Conspiracy and Proposal to Commit Coup d’etat,
military camp or installation, communication networks, public Rebellion or Insurrection. — The conspiracy and proposal to commit
utilities or other facilities needed for the exercise and continued coup d’etat shall be punished, respectively, by prisión mayor in its
possession of power, singly or simultaneously carried out anywhere minimum period and a fine which shall not exceed 1 million pesos.
in the Philippines any person or persons, belonging to the military or
police or holding any public office or employment with or without The conspiracy and proposal to commit rebellion or
civilian support or participation for the purpose of seizing or insurrection shall be punished respectively by prisión correccional in
diminishing state power. its maximum period and a fine which shall not exceed 1 million
pesos and by prisión correccional in its medium period and a fine
ARTICLE 135. Penalty for Rebellion or Insurrection or coup d’etat not exceeding 400,000 pesos.
— Any person who promotes, maintains, or heads a rebellion or
insurrection, shall suffer the penalty of reclusion perpetua. ARTICLE 137. Disloyalty of Public Officers or Employees. — The
penalty of prisión correccional in its minimum period shall be
Any person merely participating or executing the commands imposed upon public officers or employees who have failed to resist
of others in a rebellion shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal. a rebellion by all the means in their power, or shall continue to
discharge the duties of their offices under the control of the rebels
or shall accept appointment to office under them.
 ARTICLE 138. Inciting to Rebellion or Insurrection. — The penalty ARTICLE 141. Conspiracy to Commit Sedition. — Persons
of prisión mayor in its minimum period shall be imposed upon any conspiring to commit the crime of sedition shall be punished by
person who, without taking arms or being in open hostility against prisión correccional in its medium period and a fine not exceeding
the Government, shall incite others to the execution of any of the 400,000 pesos
acts specified in Article 134 of this Code, by means of speeches,
proclamations, writings, emblems, banners or other representations ARTICLE 142. Inciting to Sedition. — The penalty of prisión
tending to the same end. correccional in its maximum period and a fine not exceeding
400,000 pesos shall be imposed upon any person who, without
ARTICLE 139. Sedition — How Committed. — The crime of taking any direct part in the crime of sedition, should incite others to
sedition is committed by persons who rise publicly and tumultuously the accomplishment of any of the acts which constitute sedition, by
in order to attain by force, intimidation, or by other means outside means of speeches, proclamations, writings, emblems, cartoons,
of legal methods, any of the following objects: banners, or other representations tending to the same end, or upon
any person or persons who shall utter seditious words or speeches,
1. To prevent the promulgation or execution of any law or write, publish, or circulate scurrilous libels against the Government
the holding of any popular election; of the Philippines, or any of the duly constituted authorities thereof,
or which tend to disturb or obstruct any lawful officer in executing
2. To prevent the National Government, or any provincial the functions of his office, or which tend to instigate others to cabal
or municipal government, or any public officer thereof from and meet together for unlawful purposes, or which suggest or incite
freely exercising its or his functions, or prevent the execution rebellious conspiracies or riots, or which lead or tend to stir up the
of any administrative order; people against the unlawful authorities or to disturb the peace of
the community, the safety and order of the Government, or who
3. To inflict any act of hate or revenge upon the person
shall knowingly conceal such evil practices.
or property of any public officer or employee;

4. To
commit, for any political or social end, any act of
hate or revenge against private persons or any social class;
and

5. To despoil, for any political or social end, any person,

municipality or province, or the National Government of all its
property or any part thereof.

ARTICLE 140. Penalty for Sedition. — The leader of a sedition

shall suffer the penalty of prisión mayor in its minimum period and a
fine not exceeding 2 million pesos.

Other persons participating therein shall suffer the penalty of

prisión correccional in its maximum period and a fine not exceeding
1 million pesos.
 CHAPTER TWO the penalty of prisión correccional shall be imposed upon any
Crimes Against Popular Representation public officer or employee who shall, while the Assembly (Congress)
is in regular or special session, arrest or search any member thereof,
SECTION ONE except in case such member has committed a crime punishable
Crimes Against Legislative Bodies and Similar Bodies under this Code by a penalty higher than prisión mayor.

ARTICLE 143. Acts Tending to Prevent the Meeting of the

Legislature and Similar Bodies. — The penalty of prisión correccional CHAPTER THREE
or a fine ranging from 40,000 to 400,000 pesos, or both, shall be Illegal Assemblies and Associations
imposed upon any person who, by force or fraud, prevents the
meeting of the National Assembly (Congress of the Philippines) or ARTICLE 146. Illegal Assemblies. — The penalty of prisión
any of its committees or sub-committees, constitutional commissions correccional in its maximum period to prisión mayor in its medium
or committees or divisions thereof, or of any provincial board or city period shall be imposed upon the organizers or leaders of any
or municipal council or board. meeting attended by armed persons for the purpose of committing
any of the crimes punishable under this Code, or of any meeting in
ARTICLE 144. Disturbance of Proceedings. — The penalty of which the audience is incited to the commission of the crime of
arresto mayor or a fine ranging from 40,000 to 400,000 pesos shall be treason, rebellion or insurrection, sedition, or assault upon a person
imposed upon any person who disturbs the meetings of the National in authority or his agents. Persons merely present at such meeting
Assembly (Congress of the Philippines) or any of its committees or shall suffer the penalty of arresto mayor, unless they are armed, in
sub-committees, constitutional commissions or committees or which case the penalty shall be prisión correccional.
divisions thereof, or of any provincial board or city or municipal
council or board, or in the presence of any such bodies should If any person present at the meeting carries an unlicensed
behave in such manner as to interrupt its proceedings or to impair firearm, it shall be presumed that the purpose of said meeting,
the respect due to it. insofar that he is concerned, is to commit acts punishable under this
Code, and he shall be considered a leader or organizer of the
meeting within the purview of the preceding paragraph.

SECTION TWO As used in this Article, the word “meeting” shall be understood
Violation of Parliamentary Immunity to include a gathering or group, whether in a fixed place or moving.

ARTICLE 147. Illegal Associations. — The penalty of prisión

ARTICLE 145. Violation of Parliamentary Immunity. — The correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a fine not
penalty of prisión mayor shall be imposed upon any person who exceeding 200,000 pesos shall be imposed upon the founders,
shall use force, intimidation, threats, or fraud to prevent any directors, and presidents of associations totally or partially organized
member of National Assembly (Congress of the Philippines) from for the purpose of committing any of the crimes punishable under
attending the meetings of the Assembly or of any of its committees this Code or for some purpose contrary to public morals. Mere
or subcommittees, constitutional commissions or committees or members of said associations shall suffer the penalty of arresto
divisions thereof, from expressing his opinions or casting his vote; and mayor.
 CHAPTER FOUR when required by them to do so in the exercise of their functions.
Assault Upon & Resistance & Disobedience to PA and APA The same penalty shall be imposed upon any person who shall
restrain another from attending as a witness, or who shall induce
ARTICLE 148. Direct Assaults. — Any person or persons who, disobedience to a summon or refusal to be sworn by any such body
without a public uprising, shall employ force or intimidation for the or official.
attainment of any of the purposes enumerated in defining the
crimes of rebellion and sedition, or shall attack, employ force, or ARTICLE 151. Resistance and Disobedience to a Person in
seriously intimidate or resist any person in authority or any of his Authority or the Agents of Such Person. — The penalty of arresto
agents, while engaged in the performance of official duties, or on mayor and a fine not exceeding 100,000 pesos shall be imposed
occasion of such performance, shall suffer the penalty of prisión upon any person who not being included in the provisions of the
correccional in its medium and maximum periods and a fine not preceding articles shall resist or seriously disobey any person in
exceeding 200,000 pesos, when the assault is committed with a authority, or the agents of such person, while engaged in the
weapon or when the offender is a public officer or employee, or performance of official duties. When the disobedience to an agent
when the offender lays hands upon a person in authority. If none of of a person in authority is not of a serious nature, the penalty of
these circumstances be present, the penalty of prisión correccional arresto menor or a fine ranging from 2,000 to 20,000 shall be
in its minimum period and a fine not exceeding 100,000 pesos shall imposed upon the offender.
be imposed.
ARTICLE 152. Persons in Authority and agents of persons in
ARTICLE 149. Indirect Assaults. — The penalty of prisión authority.— In applying the provisions of the preceding and other
correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a fine not articles of this Code, any person directly vested with jurisdiction,
exceeding 100,000 Php shall be imposed upon any person who shall whether as an individual or as a member of some court or
make use of force or intimidation upon any person coming to the government corporation, board, or commission, shall be deemed a
aid of the authorities or their agents on occasion of the commission person in authority. A barangay captain and a barangay chairman
of any of the crimes defined in the next preceding article. shall also be deemed a person in authority.

ARTICLE 150. Disobedience to Summons Issued by the National A person who by direct provision of law or by election or by
Assembly, its committees or subcommittees, by the Constitutional appointment by competent authority, is charged with the
Commission, its committees, subcommittees or divisions. — The maintenance of public order and the protection and security of life
penalty of arresto mayor or a fine ranging from 40,000 to 200,000 and property, such as a barrio captain, barrio councilman, barrio
pesos, or both such fine and imprisonment, shall be imposed upon policeman and barangay leader and any person who comes to the
any person who, having been duly summoned to attend as a aid of persons in authority, shall be deemed an agent of a person
witness before the National Assembly, its special or standing in authority.
committees, the Constitutional Commissions and its committees,
subcommittees, or divisions, or before any commission or In applying the provisions of Articles 148 and 151 of this Code,
committee chairman or member authorized to summon witnesses, teachers, professors, and persons charged with the supervision of
refuses, without legal excuse, to obey such summons, or being public or duly recognized private schools, colleges, and universities,
present before any such body or committee, refuses to be sworn or and lawyers in the actual performance of their professional duties
placed under affirmation or to answer any legal inquiry or to or on the occasion of such performance, shall be deemed persons
produce any books, papers, documents, or records in his possession, in authority.
 CHAPTER FIVE 1. Any
person who by means of printing, lithography, or
Public Disorders any other means of publication, shall maliciously publish as
news any false news which may endanger the public order
or cause damage to the interest or credit of the State;
ARTICLE 153. Tumults and Other Disturbances of Public Orders
— Tumultuous Disturbance or Interruption Liable to Cause 2. Any person who by the same means, shall encourage
Disturbance. — The penalty of arresto mayor in its medium period to disobedience to the law or to the constituted authorities or
prisión correccional in its minimum period and a fine not exceeding praise, justify or extol any act punished by law;
200,000 pesos shall be imposed upon any person who shall cause any
serious disturbance in a public place, office, or establishment, or shall 3. Any person who shall maliciously publish any official
interrupt or disturb public performances, functions or gatherings, or resolution or document without proper authority, or before
peaceful meetings, if the act is not included in the provisions of they have been published officially; or
articles 131 and 132.
4. Any person who shall print or publish books, pamphlets,
The penalty next higher in degree shall be imposed upon periodicals, or leaflets which do not bear the real printer's
persons causing any disturbance or interruption of a tumultuous name, or which as classified as anonymous
character.

The disturbance or interruption shall be deemed to be

tumultuous if caused by more than three persons who are armed or ARTICLE 155. Alarms and Scandals. — The penalty of arresto
provided with means of violence. menor or fine not exceeding 40,000 pesos shall be imposed upon:

The penalty of arresto mayor shall be imposed upon any person 1. Anyperson who within any town or public place, shall
who in any meeting, association, or public place, shall make any discharge any firearm, rocket, firecracker, or other explosives
outcry tending to incite rebellion or sedition or in such place shall calculated to cause alarm or danger;
display placards or emblems which provoke a disturbance of the
2. Any person who shall instigate or take an active part in
public order.
any charivari or other disorderly meeting offensive to another
The penalty of arresto menor and a fine not to exceed 40,000 or prejudicial to public tranquility;
pesos shall be imposed upon those persons who in violation of the
3. Any person who, while wandering about at night or
provisions contained in the last clause of article 85 shall bury with
pomp the body of a person who has been legally executed. while engaged in any other nocturnal amusements, shall
disturb the public peace; or

4. Any person who, while intoxicated or otherwise, shall

ARTICLE 154. Unlawful Use of Means of Publication. — The cause any disturbance or scandal in public places, provided
penalty of arresto mayor or a fine ranging from 40,000 to 200,000 that the circumstances of the case shall not make the
pesos shall be imposed upon: provisions of Article 153 applicable.
 ARTICLE 156. Delivery of Prisoners from Jail. — The penalty of proclamation by the Chief Executive announcing the passing away
arresto mayor in its maximum period to prisión correccional in its of such calamity.
minimum period shall be imposed upon any person who shall
remove from any jail or penal establishment any person confined Convicts who, under the circumstances mentioned in the
therein or shall help the escape of such person, by means of preceding paragraph, shall give themselves up to the authorities
violence, intimidation, or bribery. If other means are used the within the above mentioned period of 48 hours, shall be entitled to
penalty of arresto mayor shall be imposed. the deduction provided in article 98.

If the escape of the prisoner shall take place outside of said ARTICLE 159. Other Cases of Evasion of Service of Sentence. —
establishments by taking the guards by surprise, the same penalties The penalty of prisión correccional in its minimum period shall be
shall be imposed in their minimum period. imposed upon the convict who, having been granted conditional
pardon by the Chief Executive, shall violate any of the conditions of
such pardon. However, if the penalty remitted by the granting of
such pardon be higher than six years, the convict shall then suffer
CHAPTER SIX the unexpired portion of his original sentence.
Evasion of Service of Sentence

ARTICLE 157. Evasion of Service of Sentence. — The penalty of

prisión correccional in its medium and maximum periods shall be CHAPTER SEVEN
imposed upon any convict who shall evade service of his sentence Commission of Another Crime During Service of Penalty
by escaping during the term of his imprisonment by reason of final Imposed for Another Previous Offense
judgment. However, if such evasion or escape shall have taken
place by means of unlawful entry, by breaking doors, windows, ARTICLE 160. Commission of Another Crime During Service of
grates, walls, roofs, or doors, or by using picklocks, false keys, Penalty Imposed for Another Previous Offense — Penalty. — Besides
disguise, deceit, violence or intimidation, or through connivance the provisions of rule 5 of article 62, any person who shall commit a
with other convicts or employees of the penal institution, the penalty felony after having been convicted by final judgment, before
shall be prisión correccional in its maximum period. beginning to serve such sentence, or while serving the same, shall
be punished by the maximum period of the penalty prescribed by
ARTICLE 158. Evasion of Service of Sentence on the Occasion of law for the new felony.
Disorders, Conflagrations, Earthquakes, or Other Calamities. — A
convict who shall evade the service of his sentence, by leaving the Any convict of the class referred to in this article, who is not a
penal institution where he shall have been confined, on the habitual criminal, shall be pardoned at the age of seventy years if
occasion of disorder resulting from a conflagration, earthquake, he shall have already served out his original sentence, or when he
explosion, or similar catastrophe, or during a mutiny in which he has shall complete it after reaching said age, unless by reason of his
not participated, shall suffer an increase of one-fifth of the time still conduct or other circumstances he shall not be worthy of such
remaining to be served under the original sentence, which in no clemency.
case shall exceed six months, if he shall fail to give himself up to the
authorities within forty-eight hours following the issuance of a
 TITLE FOUR SECTION TWO
Crimes Against Public Interest Counterfeiting Coins

CHAPTER ONE ARTICLE 163. Making and Importing and Uttering False Coins. —
Forgeries Any person who makes, imports, or utters false coins, in connivance
with counterfeiters or importers, shall suffer:

SECTION ONE Prisión correccional in its minimum and medium

1.
Forging the Seal of the Government of the Philippine periods and a fine of not to exceed 400,000 pesos, if the
Islands, the Signature or Stamp of the Chief Executive counterfeited coin be any of the coinage of the Philippines

Prisión correccional in its minimum period and a fine

2.
ARTICLE 161. Counterfeiting the Great Seal of the Government not to exceed 200,000 pesos, if the counterfeited coin be
of the Philippine Islands, Forging the Signature or Stamp of the Chief currency of a foreign country.
Executive. — The penalty of reclusión temporal shall be imposed
upon any person who shall forge the Great Seal of the Government ARTICLE 164. Mutilation of Coins — Importation and Utterance
of the Philippine Islands or the signature or stamp of the Chief of Mutilated Coins. — The penalty of prisión correccional in its
Executive. minimum period and a fine not to exceed 400,000 pesos shall be
imposed upon any person who shall mutilate coins of the legal
currency of the Philippine Islands or import or utter mutilated current
coins, in connivance with mutilators or importers.
ARTICLE 162. Using Forged Signature or Counterfeit Seal or
Stamp. — The penalty of prisión mayor shall be imposed upon any ARTICLE 165. Selling of False or Mutilated Coin, Without
person who shall knowingly make use of the counterfeit seal or Connivance. — Any person who knowingly, although without the
forged signature or stamp mentioned in the preceding article. connivance mentioned in the preceding articles, shall possess false
or mutilated coin with intent to utter the same, or shall actually utter
such coin, shall suffer a penalty lower by one degree than that
prescribed in said articles.
 SECTION THREE 3. By
prisión mayor in its medium period and a fine not to
Forging Treasury or Bank Notes, Obligations and Securities; exceed 1 million pesos, if the falsified or counterfeited
Importing and Uttering False or Forged Notes, Obligations document was issued by a foreign government.
and Securities
4. Byprisión mayor in its minimum period and a fine not to
exceed 400,000 pesos, when the forged or altered document
is a circulating note or bill issued by a foreign bank duly
ARTICLE 166. Forging Treasury or Bank Notes or Other authorized therefor.
Documents Payable to Bearer; Importing, and Uttering Such False or
Forged Notes and Documents. — The forging or falsi cation of ARTICLE 167. Counterfeiting, Importing and Uttering Instruments
treasury or bank notes or certi cates or other obligations and Payable to Bearer. — Any person who shall forge, import or utter, in
securities payable to bearer and the importation and uttering in connivance with the forgers or importers, any instrument payable to
connivance with forgers or importers of such false or forged order or other document of credit not payable to bearer, shall suffer
obligations or notes, shall be punished as follows: the penalties of prisión correccional in its medium and maximum
periods and a fine not exceeding 1.2 million pesos.
1. By reclusión temporal in its minimum period and a fine
not to exceed 2 million pesos, if the document which has ARTICLE 168. Illegal Possession and Use of False Treasury or
been falsified, counterfeited, or altered is an obligation or Bank Notes and Other Instruments of Credit. — Unless the act be one
security of the United States or of the Philippine Islands. of those coming under the provisions of any of the preceding
articles, any person who shall knowingly use or have in his
The word "obligation or security of the United possession, with intent to use any of the false or falsified instruments
States or of the Philippine Islands" shall be held to mean referred to in this section, shall suffer the penalty next lower in
all bonds, certificates of indebtedness, national bank degree than that prescribed in said articles
notes, coupons, United States or Philippine Islands
notes, treasury notes, fractional notes, certificates of ARTICLE 169. How Forgery is Committed. — The forgery referred
deposit, bills, checks, or drafts for money, drawn by or to in this section may be committed by any of the following means:
upon authorized officers of the United States or of the
Philippine Islands, and other representatives of value, 1. By
giving to a treasury or bank note or any instrument
of whatever denomination, which have been or may payable to bearer or to order mentioned therein, the
be issued under any act of the Congress of the United appearance of a true genuine document.
States or of the Philippine Legislature.
2. By erasing, substituting, counterfeiting or altering by
2. Byprisión mayor in its maximum period and a fine not any means the figures, letters, words or signs contained
to exceed 1 million pesos, if the falsified or altered document therein.
is a circulating note issued by any banking association duly
authorized by law to issue the same.
 SECTION FOUR 7. Issuing in authenticated form a document purporting
Falsification of Legislative, Public, Commercial, and Private to be a copy of an original document when no such original
Documents, and Wireless, Telegraph, and Telephone exists, or including in such copy a statement contrary to, or
Messages different from, that of the genuine original; or

ARTICLE 170. Falsification of Legislative Documents. — The 8. Intercalating any instrument or note relative to the
penalty of prisión correccional in its maximum period and a fine not issuance thereof in a protocol, registry, or official book.
exceeding 1.2 million pesos shall be imposed upon any person who,
without proper authority therefor alters any bill, resolution, or The same penalty shall be imposed upon any ecclesiastical
ordinance enacted or approved or pending approval by either minister who shall commit any of the offenses enumerated in the
House of the Legislature or any provincial board or municipal preceding paragraphs of this article, with respect to any record or
council. document of such character that its falsification may affect the civil
status of persons.
ARTICLE 171. Falsification by Public Officer, Employee or Notary
or Ecclesiastic Minister. — The penalty of prisión mayor and a fine ARTICLE 172. Falsification by Private Individuals and Use of
not to exceed 1 million pesos shall be imposed upon any public Falsified Documents. — The penalty of prisión correccional in its
officer, employee, or notary who, taking advantage of his official medium and maximum periods and a fine of not more than 1 million
position, shall falsify a document by committing any of the pesos shall be imposed upon:
following acts:
1. Any private individual who shall commit any of the
1. Counterfeiting or imitating any handwriting, signature falsifications enumerated in the next preceding article in any
or rubric; public or official document or letter of exchange or any other
kind of commercial document; and
2. Causing
it to appear that persons have participated in
any act or proceeding when they did not in fact so 2. Any person who, to the damage of a third party, or with
participate; the intent to cause such damage, shall in any private
document commit any of the acts of falsification
3. Attributing
to persons who have participated in an act enumerated in the next preceding article.
or proceeding statements other than those in fact made by
them; Any person who shall knowingly introduce in evidence in any
judicial proceeding or to the damage of another or who, with the
4. Making untruthful statements in a narration of facts; intent to cause such damage, shall use any of the false documents
embraced in the next preceding article or in any of the foregoing
5. Altering true dates; subdivisions of this article, shall be punished by the penalty next
lower in degree.
6. Making
any alteration or intercalation in a genuine
document which changes its meaning;
 ARTICLE 173. Falsification of Wireless, Cable, Telegraph and SECTION SIX
Telephone Messages, and Use of Said Falsified Messages. — The Manufacturing, Importing and Possession of Instruments or
penalty of prisión correccional in its medium and maximum periods Implements Intended for the Commission of Falsification
shall be imposed upon officer or employee of the Government or
of any private corporation or concern engaged in the service of
sending or receiving wireless, cable or telephone message who ARTICLE 176. Manufacturing and Possession of Instruments or
utters a fictitious wireless, telegraph or telephone message of any Implements for Falsification. — The penalty of prisión correccional in
system or falsifies the same. its medium and maximum periods and a fine not to exceed 1 million
pesos shall be imposed upon any person who shall make or
Any person who shall use such falsified dispatch to the introduce into the Philippine Islands any stamps, dies, marks, or other
prejudice of a third party or with the intent of cause such prejudice, instruments or implements intended to be used in the commission of
shall suffer the penalty next lower in degree. the offenses of counterfeiting or falsification mentioned in the
preceding sections of this chapter.

Any person who, with the intention of using them, shall have in
SECTION FIVE his possession any of the instruments or implements mentioned in the
Falsification of Medical Certificates, Certificates of Merit or preceding paragraph, shall suffer the penalty next lower in degree
Service and the Like than that provided therein.

ARTICLE 174. False Medical Certicates, False Certicates of Merit

or Service, etc. — The penalties of arresto mayor in its maximum
period to prisión correccional in its minimum period and a fine not
to exceed 200,000 pesos shall be imposed upon:

1. Any physician or surgeon who, in connection with the

practice of his profession, shall issue a false certificate; and

2. Any public officer who shall issue a false certificate of merit

or service, good conduct or similar circumstances.

The penalty of arresto mayor shall be imposed upon any

private person who shall falsify a certi cate falling within the classes
mentioned in the two preceding subdivisions.

ARTICLE 175. Using False Certicates. — The penalty of arresto

menor shall be imposed upon any one who shall knowingly use any
of the false certificates mentioned in the next preceding articles.
 CHAPTER TWO SECTION TWO
Other Falsities False Testimony

SECTION ONE
Usurpation of Authority, Rank, Title, and Improper Use of Names,
Uniforms and Insignia ARTICLE 180. False Testimony Against a Defendant. — Any
person who shall give false testimony against the defendant in any
criminal case shall suffer:

ARTICLE 177. Usurpation of Authority or Official Functions. — Any 1. The penalty of reclusión temporal, if the defendant in
person who shall knowingly and falsely represent himself to be an said case shall have been sentenced to death;
officer, agent or representative of any department or agency of the
Philippine Government or of any foreign government, or who, under 2. The penalty of prisión mayor, if the defendant shall
the pretense of official position, shall perform any act pertaining to have been sentenced to reclusión temporal or perpetua;
any person in authority or public officer of the Philippine
Government or any foreign government, or any agency thereof, 3. Thepenalty of prisión correccional, if the defendant
without being lawfuly entitiled to do so, shall suffer the penalty of shall have been sentenced to any other afflictive penalty;
prisión correccional in its minimum and medium periods. and

ARTICLE 178. Using Fictitious Name and Concealing True 4. The penalty of arresto mayor, if the defendant shall
Name. — The penalty of arresto mayor and a fine not to exceed have been sentenced to a correctional penalty or a fine, or
100,000 pesos shall be imposed upon any person who shall publicly shall have been acquitted.
use a fictitious name for the purpose of concealing a crime,
evading the execution of a judgment or causing damage. In cases provided in subdivisions 3 and 4 of this article the
offender shall further suffer a fine not to exceed 200,000 pesos.
Any person who conceals his true name and other personal
circumstances shall be punished by arresto menor or a fine not to ARTICLE 181. False Testimony Favorable to the Defendant. —
exceed 40,000 pesos. Any person who shall give false testimony in favor of the defendant
in a criminal case, shall suffer the penalties of arresto mayor in its
ARTICLE 179. Illegal Use of Uniforms or Insignia. — The penalty maximum period to prisión correccional in its minimum period and
of arresto mayor shall be imposed upon any person who shall a fine not to exceed 200,000 pesos, if the prosecution is for a felony
publicly and improperly make use of insignia, uniforms or dress punishable by an afflictive penalty, and the penalty of arresto
pertaining to an office not held by such person or to a class of mayor in any other case. Cd
persons of which he is not a member.
Rep
 ARTICLE 182. False Testimony in Civil Cases. — Any person
found guilty of false testimony in a civil case shall suffer the penalty
of prisión correccional in its minimum period and a fine not to
exceed 1.2 million pesos, if the amount in controversy shall exceed
1 million pesos, and the penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum
period to prisión correccional in its minimum period and a fine not
to exceed 200,000 pesos, if the amount in controversy shall not
exceed said amount or cannot be estimated.

ARTICLE 183. False Testimony in Other Cases and Perjury in

Solemn Affirmation. — The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum
period to prisión correccional in its minimum period shall be imposed
upon any person who, knowingly making untruthful statements and
not being included in the provisions of the next preceding articles,
shall testify under oath, or make an a davit, upon any material
matter before a competent person authorized to administer an
oath in cases in which the law so requires.

Any person who, in case of a solemn affirmation made in lieu

of an oath, shall commit any of the falsehoods mentioned in this and
the three preceding articles of this section, shall suffer the respective
penalties provided therein.

ARTICLE 184. Offering False Testimony in Evidence. — Any

person who shall knowingly offer in evidence a false witness or
testimony in any judicial or official proceeding, shall be punished as
guilty of false testimony and shall suffer the respective penalties
provided in this Section.