PIPE PROBLEMS

A 29.53” x 39.37” pressure vessel contains ammonia with f = 0.041. Compute the minimum
Find the work posses for a Helium gas at 200C required discharge capacity of the relief device in kg/hr.
A. 106.71 kg/hr B. 108.71 kg/hr *C. 110.71 kg/hr D. 112.71 kg/hr
*A. 609 KJ/kg B. 168 KJ/kg C. 229 KJ/kg D. 339 KJ/kg Solution:
C = f D L, kg/s
Solution: C = 0.041(29.53/39.37)(39.37/39.37) = 0.03075 kg/s (3600) = 110.71 kg/hr
W = m R T = m (8.314 / M) T
For helium, M = 4 Compute the maximum length of the discharge pipe installed on the outlet of a pressure-relief
W/m = (8.314/4)(20 + 273) = 609 KJ/kg device in feet for internal pipe diameter of 0.5 inch and rated discharge capacity is 8 lb/min of
air. The rated pressure of relief valve is 16 psig.
Two kilogram of gas is confined in a 1 m3 tank at 200 kpa and 880C. What type of gas is in *A. 0.286 ft B. 0.386 ft C. 0.486 ft D. 0.586 ft
the tank? Solution:
A. Helium *B. Ethane C. Methane D. Ethene P = Pg + Patm = 16 x 1.1 + 14.7 = 32.3 psia
Solution: L = 9P2d5/16Cr2 = 9(32.3)2(0.5)5/16(8)2 = 0.286 ft
PV=mRT
200 (1) = 2 (8.314/M)(88+273) A thermal power plant has a heat rate of 11,363 Btu/kw-hr. Find the thermal efficiency of the
M = 30 plant.
Therefore: the gas is Ethane (C2 H6) A. 28% *B. 30% C. 34% D. 40%
Solution:
Find the enthalpy of Helium if its internal energy is 200 KJ/kg eth = 3412/Heat rate = 3412/11,363 = 30%
A.144 KJ/kg B. 223.42 KJ/kg *C. 333.42 KJ/kg D. 168 KJ/kg
Solution: What is the hydraulic gradient of a 1 mile, 17 inches inside diameter pipe when 3300 gal/min
R = 8.314/4 = 2.0785 of water flow with f = 0.03.
K = 1.667 for helium *A. 0.00714 B. 0.00614 C. 0.00234 D. 0.0018
Cp = k R/(k - 1) = 1.667(2.0785)/(1.667 – 1) = 5.195 KJ/kg-K Solution:
Cv = R/(k – 1) = 2.0785/(1.667 – 1) = 3.116 KJ/kg – K v = (3300/7.481)/(π/4)(17/12)2(60) = 4.66 ft/s
∆h/∆U = Cp/Cv L = 1 mile = 5280 ft
∆h/200 = 5.195/3.116 hL = fLv2/2_D = 0.03(5280)(4.66)2/2(32.2)(17/12) = 37.7 ft
∆h = 333.42 KJ/kg Hydraulic gradient = 37.7/5280 = 0.007.14

Compute the mass of a 2 m3 propane at 280 kpa and 40˚C. Find the loss of head in the pipe entrance if speed of flow is 10 m/s.
A. 6.47 kg B. 5.1 kg C. 10.20 kg *D. 9.47 kg A. 5.10 m B. 10.2 m C. 17.4 m *D. 2.55 m
Solution: Solution:
Propane is C3 H3--------------M = 12(3) + 8(1) = 44 Loss at entrance = 0.5 (v2/2g) = 0.5 [102 / 2(9.81)] = 2.55 m
PV = m R T
280(2) = m (8.314/44)(40 + 273) Wet material, containing 220% moisture (dry basis) is to be dried at the rate of 1.5 kg/s in a
m = 9.47 kg continuous dryer to give a product containing 10% (dry basis) . Find the moisture removed,
kg/hr
Compute the air flow in ft3/min of mechanical ventilation required to exhaust an accumulation *A. 3543.75 kg/hr B. 3513.75 kg/hr C. 3563.75 kg/hr D. 3593.75 kg/hr
of refrigerant due to leaks of the system capable of revolving air from the machinery room for Solution:
a mass of 4 lbs refrigerant. Solid in wet feed = solid in dried product
*A. 200 B. 210 C. 220 D. 230 [1/(1 + 2.2)](1.5) = [1/(1 + 0.1)](x)
Solution: x = 0.5156 kg/s (total dried product)
Q = 100 x G0.5 ft3/min Moisture removed = 1.5 – 0.5156 = 0.984 kg/s = 3543.75 kg/hr
Q = 100 x (4)0.5 = 200 ft3/min
Copra enters a dryer containing 70% moisture and leaves at 7% moisture. Find the moisture
Compute the free-aperture cross section in m2 for the ventilation of a machinery room if the removed on each pound on solid in final product.
mass of refrigerant is 9 kg. A. 6.258 lb B. 1.258 lb C. 4.258 lb *D. 2.258 lb
A. 0.314 *B. 0.414 C. 0.514 D. 0.614 Solution:
Solution: Solid in wet feed = solid in dried product
F = 0.138 G0.5 m2 0.3x = 1
F = 0.138 (9)0.5 = 0.414 m2 x = 3.333 lbs
 1 = 0.93y h2 = h1 + x htg = 418.7 + 0.60(2257) = 1,772.9 KJ/kg
y = 1.07527 lb Q = 1(4.187)(100 – 30) + 1(1772.9 – 418.7) = 1,647.29 KJ/kg
Moisture removed = x – y = 3.333 – 1.07527 = 2.258 lb
Find the enthalpy of water at 212˚F and 14.7 psi if the dryness factor is 30%. Use the
approximate enthalpy formula of liquid.
A 1 m x 1.5 m cylindrical tank is full of oil with SG = 0.92. Find the force acting at the bottom A. 461 Btu/lb *B. 471 Btu/lb C. 481 Btu/lb D. 491 Btu/lb
of the tank in dynes. Solution:
A. 106.33 x 103 dynes B. 106.33 x 104 dynes C. 106.33 x 105 dynes *D. 106.33 x ht = (˚F – 32) = (212 – 32) = 180 Btu/lb
106 dynes htg = 970 Btu/lb
Solution: h = ht + x htg
P = w h = (0.92 x 9.81) (1.5) = 13.5378 kpa h = 180 + 0.3(970) = 471 Btu/lb
F = PA = 13.5378(π/4 x 12) = 10.632 KN = 10,632.56 N x 10,000 dynes/N
F = 106.33 x 106 dynes An air compressor consumed 1200 kw-hr per day of energy. The electric motor driving the
compressor has an efficiency of 80%. If indicated power of the compressor is 34 kw, find the
Find the pressure at the 100 fathom depth of water in kpag. mechanical efficiency of the compressor.
*A. 1,793.96 kpag B. 1,893.96 kpag C. 1,993.96 kpag D. 1,693.96 A. 117.65 % B. 75 % *C. 85 % D. 90 %
kpag Solution:
Solution: P/m = 1200kw-hr/24 hrs = 50 kw
H = 100 fathom x 6 = 600 ft BP = 50(0.80) = 40 kw
P = w h = (600/3.281)(9.81) = 1,793.96 kpag em = 34/40 = 85 %

Find the depth in furlong of the ocean (SG = 1.03) if the pressure at the sea bed is 2,032.56 A refrigeration system consumed 28,000 kw-hr per month of energy. There are 20 % of energy
kpag. is lost due to cooling system of compressor and motor efficiency is 90 %. If COP of the
*A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 system is 6, find the tons of refrigeration of the system.
Solution: A. 43.15 TR B. 46.15 TR *C. 49.15 TR D. 41.15 TR
P=wh Solution:
2,032.56 = (1.03 x 9.81) h P/m = 28,800/(24 x 30) = 40 kw
h = 201.158 m x 3.281 ft/m x 1 yd/3ft x 1 furlong/220yd = 1 furlong BP = 40(0.90) = 36 kw
Wc = 36(1 – 0.20) = 28.80 kw
Find the mass of 10 quartz of water. COP = RE/Wc
A. 10.46 kg *B. 9.46 kg C. 11.46 kg D. 8.46 kg 6 = RE/28.80
Solution: RE = 172.8/3.516 = 49.15 TR
V = 10 quartz x 1gal/4quartz x 3.785li/1gal x 1m3/1000li
V = 0.0094625 x 10-3m3 A 23 tons refrigeration system has a heat rejected of 100 kw. Find the energy efficiency ratio
w = m/V of the system.
1000 = m/0.0094625 x 10-3 A. 13.42 *B. 14.42 C. 15.42 D. 16.42
m = 9.46 kg Solution:
QR = RE + Wc
Find the mass of carbon dioxide having a pressure of 20 psia at 200˚F with 10 ft3 volume. 100 = 23(3.516) + Wc
A. 1.04 lbs B. 1.14 lbs *C. 1.24 lbs D. 1.34 lbs Wc = 19.132 kw
Solution: COP = RE/Wc = (23 x 3.516) / 19.132 = 4.32
PV = m R T EER = 3.412 COP = 3.412(4.23) = 14.42
(20 x 144)(10) = m (1545/44)(200 + 460)
m = 1.24 lbs A 200 mm x 250 mm, 8-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine has a brake power of 150 kw. The
mechanical efficiency is 80%. If two of the cylinders were accidentally cut off, what will be
Find the heat needed to raise the temperature of water from 30˚C to 100˚C with 60% quality. the new friction power?
Consider an atmospheric pressure of 101.325 kpa. Use the approximate enthalpy formula of A. 31.50 kw B. 33.50 kw C. 35.50 kw *D. 37.50 kw
liquid. Solution:
A. 293.09 KJ/kg B. 1,772.90 KJ/kg C. 1,547.90 KJ/kg *D. 1,647.29 KJ/kg em = BP/IP
Solution: 0.8 = 150/IP
At 100˚C IP = 187.5 kw
ht = cp t = 4.187 (100) = 418.7 KJ/kg FP1 = IP – BP = 187.5 – 150 = 37.50 kw
htg = 2257 KJ/kg FP1 = FP2 = 37.50 kw
 PV = m R T
If the energy efficiency ratio of the refrigeration system is 12.6, what is the COP of the 280(2) = m (8.314/44)(40 + 273)
system? m = 9.47 kg
*A. 3.69 B. 4.23 C. 5.92 D. 6.83
Solution: Compute the air flow in ft3/min of mechanical ventilation required to exhaust an accumulation
EER = 3.412 COP of refrigerant due to leaks of the system capable of revolving air from the machinery room for
12.6 = 3.412 COP a mass of 4 lbs refrigerant.
COP = 3.69 *A. 200 B. 210 C. 220 D. 230
Solution:
An air compressor has a power of 40 kw at 4 % clearance. If clearance will increase to 70 %, Q = 100 x G0.5 ft3/min
what is the new power? Q = 100 x (4)0.5 = 200 ft3/min
A. 70 kw *B. 40 kw C. 53kw D. 60 kw
Solution: Compute the free-aperture cross section in m2 for the ventilation of a machinery room if the
The power of compressor will not be affected with the changes in clearance. mass of refrigerant is 9 kg.
Therefore the power will still be 40 kw. A. 0.314 *B. 0.414 C. 0.514 D. 0.613
Solution:
What is the approximate value of temperature of water having enthalpy of 208 Btu/lb? F = 0.138 G0.5 , m2
A. 138.67 ˚C *B. 115.55 ˚C C. 258.67 ˚C D. 68.67 ˚C F = 0.138(9)0.5 = 0.414 m2
Solution:
h = ˚F – 32 A 29.53” x 39.37” pressure vessel contains ammonia with f = 0.041. Compute the minimum
required discharge capacity of the relief device in kg/hr.
Find the work posses for a Helium gas at 20°C. A. 106.71 kg/hr B. 108.71 kg/hr *C. 110.71 kg/hr D. 112.71
*A. 609 KJ/Kg B. 168 KJ/Kg C. 229 KJ/Kg D. 339 KJ/Kg kg/hr
Solution: Solution:
W = m R T = m (8.314/M) T C = f D L, kg/s
For Helium, M = 4 C = 0.041(29.53/39.37)(39.37/39.37) = 0.03075 kg/s (3600) = 110.71 kg/hr
W/m = (8.314/4)(20 + 273) = 609 KJ/Kg
Compute the maximum length of the discharge pipe installed on the outlet of a pressure-relief
Two kilogram of gas is confined in a 1 m3 tank at 200 kpa and 88˚C. What type of gas is in the device in feet for internal pipe diameter of 0.5 inch and rated discharge capacity is 8lb/min of
tank? air. The rated pressure of relief valve is 16 psig.
A. Helium *B. Ethane C. Methane D. Ethene *A. 0.286 ft B. 0.386 ft C. 0.486 ft D. 0.586 ft
Solution: Solution:
PV=mRT P = Pg + Patm = 16 x 1.1 + 14.7 = 32.3 psia
200 (1) = 2 (8.314/m)(88 + 273) L = 9P2d5/16Cr2 = 9(32.3)2(0.5)5/16(8)2 = 0.286 ft
M = 30
Therefore: the gas is Ethane (C2H6) A thermal power plant has a heat rate of 11,363 Btu/kw-hr. Find the thermal efficiency of the
plant.
Find the enthalpy of Helium if its internal energy is 200 KJ/kg. A. 28 % *B. 30 % C. 34 % D. 40 %
A. 144 KJ/kg B. 223.42 KJ/kg *C. 333.42 KJ/kg Solution:
D. 168 KJ/kg eth = 3412/heat rate = 3412/11,363 = 30%
Solution:
R = 8.314/4 = 2.0785 What is the hydraulic gradient of a 1 mile, 17 inches inside diameter pipe when 3300 gal/min
K = 1.667 for helium of water flow with f…. 0.03
cp = k R/(k – 1) = 1.667(2.0785)/(1.667 – 1) = 5.195 KJ/kg-K *A. 0.00714 B. 0.00614 C. 0.00234 D. 0.00187
cv = R/(k – 1) = 2.0785/(1.667 – 1) = 3.116 KJ/kg-K Solution:
∆h/∆U = cp/cv v = (3300/7.481)/(π/4)(17/12)2(60) = 4.66 ft/s
∆h/200 = 5.195/3.116 L = 1 mile = 5280 ft
∆h = 333.42 KJ/kg hL =fLv2/2gD = 0.03(5280)(4.66)2/2(32.2)(17/12) = 37.7 ft
Hydraulic gradient = 37.7/5280 = 0.00714
Compute the mass of a 2 m3 propane at 280 kpa and 40˚C.
A. 6.47 kg B. 5.1 kg C. 10.20 kg *D. 9.47 kg Find the loss of head in the pipe entrance if speed of flow is 10 m/s.
Solution: A. 5.10 m B. 10.2 m C. 17.4 m *D. 2.55 m
Propane is C3H6------------------------M = 12(3) + 8(1) = 44 Solution:
 Loss at entrance = 0.5 (v2/2g) = 0.5[102/ 2(9.81)] = 2.55 m w = m/V
1000 = m/0.0094625 x 10-3
Wet material, containing 220 % moisture (dry basis) is to be dried at the rate of 1.5 kg/s in a m = 9.46 kg
continuous dryer to give a product containing 10% (dry basis). Find the moisture removed,
kg/hr. Find the mass of carbon dioxide having a pressure of 20 psia at 200°F with 10 ft3 volume.
*A. 3543.75 kg/hr B. 3513.75 kg/hr C. 3563.75 kg/hr D. 3593.75 kg/hr A. 1.04 lbs B. 1.14 lbs *C. 1.24 lbs D. 1.34 lbs
Solution: Solution:
Solid in wet feed = solid in dried product PV = m R T
[1/(1 + 2.2)](1.5) = [1/(1 + 0.1)](x) (20 x 144)(10) = m (1545/44)(200 + 460)
x = 0.5156 kg/s (total dried product) m = 1.24 lbs
Moisture removed = 1.5 – 0.5156 = 0.984 kg/s = 3543.75 kg/hr

Copra enters a dryer containing 70% moisture and leaves at 7% moisture. Find the moisture Find the heat needed to raise the temperature of water from 30°C to 100°C with 60% quality.
removed on each pound of solid in final product. Consider and atmospheric pressure of 101.325 kpa. Use the approximate enthalpy formula of
A. 6.258 lb B. 1.258 lb C. 4.258 lb *D. 2.258 lb liquid.
Solution: A. 293.09 KJ/kg B. 1,772.90 KJ/kg C. 1,547.90 KJ/kg
Solid in wet feed = solid in dried product *D. 1,647.29 KJ/kg
0.3x = 1 Solution:
x = 3.333 lbs At 100°C
1 = 0.93y hf = Cp t = 4.187(100) 418.7 KJ/kg
y = 1.07527 lb hfg = 2257 KJ.kg
Moisture removed = x – y = 3.333 – 1.07527 = 2.258 lbs h2 = hf + xhfg = 418.7 + 0.60(2257) = 1,772.9 KJ/kg
Q = 1(4.187)(100-30) + 1(1772.9 – 418.7) = 1,647.20 KJ/kg
A 1 m x 1.5 m cylindrical tank is full of oil with SG = 0.92. Find the force acting at the
bottom of the tank in dynes. Find the enthalpy of water at 212˚F and 14.7 psi if the dryness factor is 30%. Use the
A. 106. 33 x 103 dynes B. 106.33 x 104 dynes C. 106.33 x 105 dynes *D. approximate enthalpy formula of liquid.
106.33 x 106 dynes A. 461 Btu/lb *B. 471 Btu/lb C. 481 Btu/lb D. 491
Solution: Btu/lb
P = w h = (0.92 x 9.81)(1.5) = 13.5378 kpa Solution:
F = PA = 13.5378(π/4 x 12) = 10.632 KN = 10,632.56 N x 10,000 dynes/N hf = (˚F – 32) = (212 – 32) = 180 Btu/lb
F = 106.33 x 106 dynes hfg = 970 Btu/lb
h = hf + x hfg
Find the pressure at the 100 fathom depth of water in kpag. h = 180 + 0.3(970) = 471 Btu/lb
*A. 1,793.96 kpag B. 1,893.96 kpag C. 1,993.96 kpag
D. 1,693.96 kpag An air compressor consumed 1200 kw-hr per day of energy. The electric motor driving the
Solution: compressor has an efficiency of 80 %. If indicated power of the compressor is 34 kw, find the
H = 100 fathom x 6 = 600 ft mechanical efficiency of the compressor.
P = w h = (600/3.281)(9.81) = 1,793.96 kpag A. 117.65 % B. 75% *C. 85% D. 90%
Solution:
Find the depth in furlong of the ocean (SG = 1.03) if the pressure at the sea bed is 2,032.56 Pim = 1200kw-hr/24 hrs = 50 kw
kpag. BP = 50(0.80) = 40 kw
*A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 em = 34/40 = 85%
Solution:
P=wh A refrigeration system consumed 28,800 kw-hr per month of energy. There are 20 % of energy
2,032.56 = (1.03 x 9.81) h is lost due to cooling system of compressor and motor efficiency is 90%. If COP of the system
h = 201.158 m x 3.281 ft/m x 1 yd/3ft x 1 furlong/220yd = 1 furlong is 6, find the tons of refrigeration of the system.
A. 43.15 TR B. 46.15 TR *C. 49.15 TR D. 41.15 TR
Find the mass of 10 quartz of water. Solution:
A. 10.46 kg *B. 9.46 kg C. 11.46 kg Pim = 28,800/(24 x 30) = 40 kw
D. 8.46 kg BP = 40 (0.90) = 36 kw
Solution: Wc = 36(1 – 0.20) = 28.80 kw
V = 10 quartz x 1gal/4quartz x 3,785 li/1gal x 1m3/1000 li COP = RE/Wc
V = 0.0094625 x 10-3m3 6 = RE/28.80
 RE = 172.8/3.516 = 49.15 TR *A. 18.38 B. 16.38 C. 14.38 D. 12.38
Solution:
A 23 tons refrigeration system has a heat rejected of 100 kw. Find the energy efficiency ratio P1V1k = P2V22
of the system. (V1/V2)k = (P2/P1)
A. 13.42 *B. 14.42 C. 15.42 D.16.42 rkk = rp
Solution: rp = (8)1.4 = 18.38
QR = RE + Wc
100 = 23(3.516) + Wc A diesel cycle has a cut off ratio of 2.5 and expansion ratio of 4. Find the clearance of the
Wc = 19.132 kw cycle.
COP = RE/Wc = (23 x 3.516) / 19.132 = 4.23 A. 9.11 % B. 5.55 % *C. 11.11 % D.
EER = 3.412 COP = 3.412(4.23) = 14.42 15.15 %
Solution:
A 200 mm x 250 mm, 8-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine has a brake power of 150 kw. The rk = rc re
mechanical efficiency is 80 %. If two of the cylinders were accidentally cut off, what will be rk = 2.5(4) = 10
the new friction power? rk = (1 + c)/c
A. 31.50 kw B. 33.50 kw C. 35.50 kw *D. 37.50 kw 10 = (1 + c)/c
Solution: c = 11.11 %
em = BP/IP
0.8 = 150/IP A dual cycle has an initial temperature of 30 ˚C. The compression ratio is 6 and the heat
IP = 187.5 kw addition at constant volume process is 600 KJ/kg. If cut-off ratio is 2.5, find the maximum
FP1 = IP – BP = 187.5 – 150 = 37.50 kw temperature of the cycle.
FP1 = FP2 = 37.50 kw A. 3638.50 ˚C *B. 3365.50 ˚C C. 3565.50 ˚C D. 3965.50 ˚C
Solution:
If the energy efficiency ratio of the refrigeration system is 12.6, what is the COP of the T2 = T1 rkk-1 = (30 +273)(6)1.4-1 = 620.44 ˚K
system? QAV = m cv (T3 – T2)
*A. 3.69 B. 4.23 C. 5.92 D. 60 kw 600 = 1(0.7186)(T3 – 620.44)
Solution: T3 = 1455.396 ˚K
EER = 3.412 COP rc = T4/T3
12.6 = 3.412 COP 2.5 = T4/1455.396
COP = 3.69 T4 = 3638.49 ˚K = 3365.50 ˚C

An air compressor has a power of 40 kw at 4% clearance. If clearance will increase to 7%, A three stages air compressor compresses air from 100 kpa to 1000 kpa. Find the intercooler
what is the new power? pressure between the first and second stage.
A. 70 kw *B. 40 kw C. 53 kw D. 60 kw A. 505.44 kpa B. 108.44 kpa C. 316.23 kpa *D. 215.44 kpa
Solution: Solution:
The power of compressor will not be affected with the changes in clearance. Px = (P12P2)1/3
Therefore power will still be 40 kw. Px = [(100)2(1000)]1/3 = 215.44 kpa

What is the approximate value of temperature of water having enthalpy of 208 Btu/lb? A 10-stages air compressor compresses air from 100 kpa to 800 kpa. Find the intercooler
A. 138.67˚C *B. 115.67˚C C. 258.67˚C D. 68.67˚C pressure between 1st and 2nd stage.
Solution: A. 282.84 kpa B. 113.21 kpa *C. 123.11 kpa D. 333.51 kpa
h = ˚F – 32 Solution:
208 = F – 32 Px = (P1s-1P2)1/s
˚F = 240 ˚F = 115.55 ˚C Px = [(100)10-1(1000)]1/10 = 123.11 kpa

Convert 750˚R to ˚K A 3-stages air compressor compresses air from 100 kpa to 700 kpa. Find the intercooler
A. 390.33 ˚K B. 395.33 ˚K C. 410.33 ˚K *D. 416.33 ˚K pressure between the 2nd and 3rd stage.
Solution: *A. 365.88 kpa B. 375.88 kpa C. 385.88 kpa D.
˚R = 1.8 ˚K 395.88 kpa
750 = 1.8 ˚K Solution:
˚K = 416.667 Px = (P12P2)1/3
Px = [(100)2(700)]1/3 = 191.28 kpa
An otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. Find the pressure ratio during compression. Px/P1 = Py/Px
 Py = Px2/P1 = (191.28)2/100 = 365.88 kpa At 7 Mpa and 550oC: h1 = 3530.9 Kj/kg s1 = 6.9486
At 20 Kpa (0.020 Mpa): sf = 0.8320 hf = 251.4 sfg = 7.0766 hfg =
Carnot cycle A, B and C are connected in series so that the heat rejected from A will be the 2358.3
heat added to B and heat rejected from B will be added to C, each cycle operates between 30 A. 1,117 KJ/kg B. 1,132 KJ/ kg C. 1,123.34 KJ/ kg *D. 1,054.95
˚C and 400 ˚C. If heat added to A is 1000 kw, find the work output of C. KJ/kg
*A. 111.44 kw B. 549.78 kw C. 247.53 kw D. SOLUTION:
141.89 kw s1 = s2 = sf + xsfg
Solution: 6.9486 = 0.8320 + x(7.0766)
e1 = e2 = e3 = (400 – 30)/(400 + 273) = 54.98 % x = 0.8643
e1 = W1/QA1 = (QA1 – QR1)/QA1 h2 = 251.40 + 0.8643(2358.3) = 2289.78 KJ/kg
0.5498 = (1000 – QR1)/1000 h1 - h2a
QR1 = 450.22 = QA2 eST = h1 – h2
0.5498 = (450.22 – QR2)/450.22 0.85 =3530.9 – h2a
By heat balance: 3530.9 – 2289.78
Qgain = Qloss h2a = 2475.95 KJ/kg
mw cp (tb- ta) = mg cpg (t2-t1) WT = h1 = h2a = 3530.9 – 2475.95 = 1,054.95 KJ/kg
(0.30)(4.187)( tb – 15) = (0.5)(1.0717)(150 – 80)
tb = 44.86 oC A steam turbine with 80% stage efficiency receives steam at 7 Mpa and 550oC and exhaust as
20 Kpa. Determine the quality at exhaust.
A 350 mm X 450 mm steam engine running at 280 rpm has an entrance steam condition of 2 At 7 Mpa and 550oC: h1 = 3530.9 Kj/kg s1 = 6.9486
Mpa and 230 oC and exit at 0.1 Mpa. The steam consumption is 2,000 kg/hr and mechanical At 20 Kpa (0.020 Mpa): sf = 0.8320 hf = 251.4
efficiency is 85%. If indicated mean effective pressure is 600 Kpa, determine brake thermal *A. 96.96% B. 76.34% C. 82.34% D. 91.69%
efficiency. SOLUTION:
At 2 Mpa and 230 oC (Table 3): h1 = 2849.6 s1 = 6. 4423 sfg = 7.0766 hfg = 2358.3
At 0.1 Mpa: sf = 1.3026 hf = 417.46 sfg = 6.0568 hfg = 2258 hf2 = 417.46 s1 = s2 = sf + sfg
KJ/kg 6.9486 = 0.8320 + x(7.0766)
A. 23.34% *B. 15.25% C. 14.16% D. 27.34% x = 0.8643
h2 = 251.40 + 0.8643(2358.3) = 2289.78 KJ/kg
SOLUTION: nST = h1 – h2a
VD = 2[3.1416/4 (0.35) 2 (0.45)(280/60)]= 0.4041 m3/sec h1 – h2
Indicated Power = Pmi x VD = 600 x 0.4041 =242.45 KW 0.80 = 3530.9 – h2a
Brake Power = IP (em) = 242.45 (0.85) = 206.08KW 3530.9 – 2289.78
Brake Power 206.08 h2a = 2538.004 KJ/kg
etb = BP/ ms (h1-hf2) =206.08/ (2000/3600)(2849.6 – 417.46)=15.25% h2a = hf + x hfg
2538.004 = 251.40 + x (2358.3)
A steam turbine receives 5,000 kg/hr of steam at 5 Mpa and 4000oc and velocity of 30 m/sec. x = 96.96%
It leaves the turbine at 0.06 Mpa and 85% quality and velocity of 15 m/sec. Radiation loss is
10,000 KJ/hr. Find he KW developed. A 16,000KW geothermal plant has a generator efficiency and turbine efficiency of 90% and
At 5 Mpa and 400oC: h1 = 3195.7 KJ/kg s1 =6.6459 80%., respectively if the quality after throttling is 20% and each well discharges 400, 000
At 0.006 Mpa: hf = 151.53 hfg = 2415.9 kg/hr, determine the number of wells are required to produce if the charge of enthalpy if the
A. 1273.29 B. 2173.29 *C. 1373.60 D. 7231.29 change of enthalpy at entrance and exit of turbine is 500KJ/kg.
SOLUTION: A. 4 wells *B. 2 wells C. 6 wells D. 8 wells
h2 = hf + xhfg = 151.53 + 0.85(2415.9) = 2205.045 KJ/ kg SOLUTION:
KE1 = ½ m v2 = ½ (5,000/3600)(30)2 = 625 W = 0.625 KW WT = ms(h3 – h4)
KE2 = ½ m v2 = ½ (5,000/3600)(15)2 = 156.25 W = 0.15625 KW 16,000 = ms (500)
By energy balance: 0.9(0.8)
KE1 + mh1 = KE2 + mh2 + Q + W ms = 44.44 kg/sec
W = (KE1 – KE2) + m(h1-h2) – Q ms = 160,000 kg/hr
5000 10,000 160,000 = 0.20 mg
W = (0.625 – 0.156) + (3600)(3195.7 – 2205.045) – 3600 = 1373.60 KW mg = 800,000 kg/hr
No. of wells = 800,000/400,000 = 2 wells
A steam turbine with 85% stage efficiency receives steam at 7 Mpa and 550oC and exhausts as
20 Kpa. Determine the turbine work.
A liquid dominated geothermal plant with a single flash separator receives water at 204oC. SOLUTION:
The separator pressure is 1.04 Mpa. A direct contact condenser operates at 0.034 Mpa. The mf = 0.56 kg/KW-hr x 150 KW = 84 kg/hr = 0.0233 kg/sec
turbine has a polytropic efficiency of 0.75. For a cycle output of 60 MW, what is the mass
flow rate of the well-water in kg/s? Brake thermal efficiency =
At 204oC: hf = 870.51 KJ/kg
At 1.04 Mpa: hf = 770.38 hfg = 2009.2 hg = 2779.6 sg = 6.5729 A waste heat recovery boiler produces 4.8 Mpa(dry saturated) steam from 104°C feedwater.
At 0.034 MPa: hf = 301.40 hfg = 2328.8 sf = 0.9793 sfg = 6.7463 The boiler receives energy from 7 kg/sec of 954°C dry air. After passing through a waste heat
*A. 2,933 B. 2,100 C. 1,860 D. 2,444 boiler, the temperature of the air is has been reduce to 343°C. How much steam in kg is
SOLUTION: produced per second? Note: At 4.80 Mpa dry saturated, h = 2796.
h3 = hg at 1.04 MPa = 2779.6 KJ/kg A. 1.30 B. 0.92 *C. 1.81 D. 3.43
Solving for h4: SOLUTION:
s3 = s4 = sf + xsfg hf = approximate enthalpy of feedwater
6.5729 = 0.9793 + x4(6.7463) hf = Cpt
x4 = 0.829 hf = 4.187(104)
h4 = 301.4 + 0.829(2328.8) = 2232.3 KJ/kg hf = 435.45 KJ/kg
WT = ms (h3 – h4) Heat loss = Heat gain
60,000 = ms (2779.6 – 2232.3) 0.75 m gc p(t 1 - t 2) = m s(h - h f)
ms = 146.17 kg/sec 7(1.0)(954 – 343) = ms(2796.0 – 436.45)
Solving for x2: (h1 = h2) m s = 1.81 kg/sec
h1 = h2 = hf + xhfg
870.51 = 770.38 + x2(2009.2) A diesel electric plant supplies energy for Meralco. During a 24-hour period, the plant
x2 = 0..049836 consumed 240 gallons of fuel at 28°C and produced 3930 KW-hr. Industrial fuel used is
ms = x mg 28°API and was purchased at P30 per liter at 15.6°C. What is the cost of the fuel be to produce
146.17 = 0.049836 mg one KW-hr?
mg = 2,933.06 kg/sec *A. P6.87 B. P1.10 C. P41.07 D. P5.00
SOLUTION:
An engine-generator rated 9000 KVA at 80% power factor, 3 phase, 4160 V has an efficiency SG 15.6C = 141.5/(131.5 + 28) = 0.887
of 90%. If overall plant efficiency is 28%, what is the heat generated by the fuel. Density at 15.6°C = 0.887(1kg/li) = 0.887 kg/li
A. 18,800 KW B. 28,800 KW C. 7500 KW *D. 25,714 SG 28C = 0.887[1-.0007(1 – 15.6)] = .879
KW Density at 28°C = 0.879(1 kg/li) = 0.879 kg/li
SOLUTION: V28C / V15.6C = SG15.6C / SG28C
Gen. Output = pf x KVA = 0.8 x 9000 = 7200 KW 240 / V15.6C = 0.887 / 0.879
eoverall= Gen. Output V15.6C = 237.835 gallons x 3.785 li/gal = 900.21 li
Qg Cost = [(30)(900.21)] / 3930 = P6.87/KW-hr

0.28 = 7200/Qg In a gas turbine unit, air enters the combustion chamber at 550 kpa, 277°C and 43 m/s. The
Qg = 25,714.28 KW products of combustion leave the combustor at 511 kpa, 1004°C and 180 m/s. Liquid fuel
enters with a heating value of 43,000 KJ/kg. For fuel-air ratio of 0.0229, what is the combustor
The indicated thermal efficiency of a two stroke diesel engine is 60%. If friction power is 15% efficiency of the unit in percent?
of heat generated, determine the brake thermal efficiency of the engine. A. 70.38% B. 79.385% *C. 75.38% D. 82.38%
A. 43% *B. 45 % C. 36% D. 37% SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: Heat supplied by fuel = mfQh = 0.0229(43,000) = 984.7 KJ/kg air
ne = IP/ Qg Q = heat absorbed by fuel
0.60 = IP/Qg Q/m = Cp(T2 – T1) + ½(V22 – V12)
IP = 0.60 Qg Q/m = (1.0)(1004 – 277) + ½[(180) 2 –(43) 2]/1000 =742.28 KJ/kg air
BP = IP- FP = 0.60Qg – 0.15Qg = 0.45Qg
etb = BP/Qg = 0.45Qg/Qg = 45%
Combustor Efficiency = = 75.38%
A 305 mm x 457 mm four stroke single acting diesel engine is rated at 150 KW at 260 rpm.
The specific speed of turbine is 85 rpm and running at 450 rpm. If the head is 20 m and
Fuel consumption at rated load is 0.56 kg/KW-hr with a heating value of 43,912 KJ/kg.
generator efficiency is 90%, what is the maximum power delivered by the generator.
Calculate brake thermal efficiency
A. 450.51 KW B. 354.52 KW C. 650.53 KW*D. 835.57 KW
A. 10.53% B. 27.45% *C. 14.64% D. 18.23%
SOLUTION:
 NS = (N√HP)/h5/4 v = (2gh)1/2 = [(2)(9.81)(26.4)]1/2 = 22.759 m/sec
85 = (450√HP)/(20 x 3.281) 5/4 hL= (2fLv2)/gD
Hp = 1244.52 3.6 = (2 x .00093 x 100 x 22.759) / (9.81D)
Generator Output = (1244.52 x 0.746)(0.9) = 835.57 KW D = 2.728 m

In Francis turbine, the pressure gage leading to the turbine casing reads 380 Kpa. The velocity Q =Axv =[ 2](22.759) = 133.03 m3/sec
of water entering the turbine is 8 m/sec, if net head of the turbine is 45 m, find the distance Power = w Q h = 9.81(133.03)(26.4) = 34,452 KW
from center of spiral casing to the tailrace.
*A. 3.0 m B. 3.5 m C. 4.0 m D. 4.5m Water flows steadily with a velocity of 3.05 m/s in a horizontal pipe having a diameter of 25.4
SOLUTION : cm. At one section of the pipe, the temperature and pressure of the water are 21C and 689.3
Kpa, respectively. At a distance of 304.8 m downstream

h= V2/2g A hydro electric plant having 30 sq. km reservoir area and 100 m head is used to generate
45 = (380/9.81) + z + [82/(2 x 9.81)] power. The energy utilized by the consumers whose load is connected to the power plant
z=3m during a five-hour period is 13.5 x 106 kwh. The overall generation efficiency is 75%. Find
the fall in the height of water in the reservoir after the 5-hour period.
A turbine has a mechanical efficiency of 93%, volumetric efficiency of 95% and total A. 5.13 m B. 1.32 m C. 3.21 *D. 2.20 m
efficiency of 82%. If effective head is 40 m, find the total head. SOLUTION
A. 48.72 m B. 40.72 m *C. 36.22 m D. 34.72 m Energy Output = Power x time = (w Q h) x time
SOLUTION: 13.5 x 106 = 9.81(Q)(100)(0.75)(5)
eT = emehev Q = 3669.725 m3/s
0.8 = 0.93(eh)(.95) Volume after 5 hrs = 3669.725(5 x 3600) = 66,055,050 m3
ηh = 0.9055 Volume = A x height
Total head = h eh = (40)(0.9055) = 36.22 m 66,055,050 = (30 x 106) h
H =2.202 m
A Pelton type turbine has 25 m head friction loss of 4.5 m. The coefficient of friction head loss
(from Moorse) is 0.00093 and penstock length of 80 m. What is the penstock diameter? The gas density of chimney is 0.75 kg/m3 and air density of 1.15 kg/m3. Find the driving
*A. 1,355.73 mm B. 3,476.12 mm C. 6771.23 mm D. pressure if the height of chimney is 63.71 m.
1686.73 mm A. 0.15 kpa *B. 0.25 kpa C. 0.35 kpa D. 0.45 kpa
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
h =25- 4.5 = 20.5 hw = H(da – dg) = 63.71(1.15 – 0.75) (0.00981) = 0.25 kpa
v = √(2gh) = [(2 x 9.81 x 20.5)1/2] = 20.55 m/sec The actual velocity of gas entering in a chimney is 8 m/sec. The gas temperature is 25C with a
hL = (2fLv2)/gD gas constant of 0.287 KJ/kg-K. Determine the gas pressure for a mass of gas is 50,000 kg/hr
4.5 = (2)(0.00093)(80)(20.055)2 / 9.81D and chimney diameter of 1.39m.
D = 1,355,730 m = 1,355.73 mm A. 95 kpa *B. 98 kpa C. 101 kpa D. 92 kpa
SOLUTION:
In an 9,000 KW hydro-electric plant the over-all efficiency is 88% and the actual power
Vg = A x v = / 4 (1.39)2(8) = 12.139 m3/s
received by the customer is 110,000 KW-hrs for that day. What is the secondary power could
PgVg = mgRgTg
this plant deliver during the entire day?
P(12.139) = (50,000/3600)(.287)(25 +273)
A. 58,960 KW-hrs *B. 80,080 KW-hrs C. 65,960 KW-hrs D. 70,960
P = 97.85 kpa
KW-hrs A steam generator with economizer and air heater has an overall draft loss of 25.78 cm of
SOLUTION: water. If the stack gases are at 177C and if the atmosphere is at 101.3 Kpa and 26C, what
Plant Capacity = 9,000(0.88)(24) = 190,080 KW-hrs theoretical height of stack in meters is needed when no draft fan are used? Assume that the gas
Secondary Power = 190,080 – 110,000 = 80,080 KW-hrs constant for the flue gases is the same as that for air.
A 611.10 B. 631.10 *C.651.10 D.671.10
A Pelton type turbine was installed 30 m below the gate of the penstock. The head loss due to SOLUTION:
friction is 12 percent of the given elevation. The length of penstock is 100 m and coefficient of w = P/RT
friction is 0.00093. Determine the power output in KW. ( Use Moorse equation) da = (101.325)/[(.287)(26 + 273)] = 1.180 kg/m3
A. 22,273 B. 23,234 C. 32,345 *D. 34,452 dg = (101.3)/[(0.287)(177 +273)] = 0.784 kg/m3
SOLUTION: Draft = (0.2578)(1000) = 257.80 kg/m3
hL = 0.12(30) = 3.6 m Draft = H(da – dw)
h = 30 – 3.6 = 26.40 m 257.80 = H(1.18 – 0.784)
H = 651.10 m
a = 45-30 = 15C
A foundation measures 12 ft x 14 ft x16 ft. Find the number of sacks of cement needed for b = 135 – 40 = 95C
1:2:4 mixture.
A. 302 B. 404 C. 356 *D. 598 mean = [ a - b] / [ln( a b)] = [95-15] / ln(95/15) = 43.34C
Water is flowing in a pipe with radius of 30 cm at a velocity of 5 m/s at the temperature in
SOLUTION:
pipe. The density and viscosity of the water are as follows: density 997.9 kg/sec viscosity =
V = 12 X 14 X 16 = 2,688 ft3 (1 yd3 / 33 ft3) = 99.55 yd3 of concrete
1.131 Pa-s. What is the Reynolds Number for this situation?
For every 1 yd3 concrete, it needs 6 sacks of cement
*A. 2647 B. 96.2 C. 3100 D. 1140
Therefore:
SOLUTION:
No. of sacks = 6(99.55) = 597.33 sacks or 598 sacks
n = Dvg / v
A rectangular foundation cross-section has a bed plate dimension of 8 ft x 10 ft. The uniform
Where:
clearance on each side is 1 ft. The height of foundation is 4.5 ft. If the weight of the steel bar
D = 2(0.30) = 0.60 m
reinforcements needed is 1/2% of weight of foundation, find the weight of steel bars. Use
vg = 5 M/SEC
concrete density of 2400 kg/m3 .
v = 1.131/997.9 = 0.0011334 m2 / sec
A. 173.47 kg *B. 183.47 kg C. 163.47 kg D. 153.47 kg
Nm = 0.60(5)/0.0011334 = 2,647
SOLUTION: Compute the amount of condensate form during 10 minutes warm-up of 180 meter pipe
A = (8 + 2) (10 + 2) = 120 m2 conveys the saturated steam with enthalpy vaporization hfg = 1,947.8 LJ/kg. The minimum
V = Ah = 120(4.5) = 540 ft3 = 15.29 m3 external temperature of pipe is 2C. The final temperature of pipe is 195C. The specific heat of
W = wV = (2400)(15.29) = 36,693.25 kg pipe material is 0.6 KJ/kg-C. The specific weight is 28 kg/m.
Weight of steel bars = (1/2%) Wf = 0.005(36,693.25) = 183.47 kg A. 249.69 kg B. 982.45 kg *C. 299.64 kg D.
423.45 kg
A steam pipe having a surface temperature of 250C passes through a room where the
temperature is 27 C. The outside diameter of pipe is 100 mm and emissivity factor is 0.8. SOLUTION:
Calculate the radial heat loss for 3 m pipe length. mp = mass of pipe = 28(180) = 5,040 kg
A. 1434.7 W B. 37.46 W *C. 2651.82 W D. 3545.45 W Heat Loss by steam = Heat loss from pipe
m(hg - hf) = mpcp (t2 – t1)
SOLUTION:
m(1947.8) = (5040)(0.6)(195-2)
A = DL = = 0.425m2 m = 299.64 kg
Solving for heat due to radiation:
Tg = 250 +273 = 523K
T2 = 27 +273 = 300K The discharge pressure of an air compressor is 5 times the suction pressure. If volume flow at
Qa = 20,408.4 x 104 AF(T14 – T24), J/hr = 20,408.4 x 104(0.8)(0.7539)[(523)4 – suction is 0.1 m3/sec, what is the suction pressure if compressor work is 19.57 kw? (use
(300)4] n=1.35)
Qr = 10,266,539.06 j/hr x 1hr/3600sec = 2851.82 W A. 97 kpa *B.98 kpa C. 99 kpa D.100 kpa
SOLUTION:
Brine enters a circulating brine cooler at the rate of 60 m3/hr at -*C and leaves at -18C.
Specific heat of brine is 1.072 KJ/kg-K and specific gravity of 1.12. Determine the tons of W= [(P2/P1)n-1/n – 1]
refrigeration. 19.57 = 1.35(P1)(0.1)/(1.35-1)[(5)1.35-1/1.35 – 1]
A. 53.5 TR B. 65.3 TR C.33.5 TR *D. 56.9 TR P1 = 98 KPa
SOLUTION:
Density of brine = 1.12(1000 kg/m3) = 1120 kg/m3 The initial condition of air in an air compressor is 98 KPa and 27C and discharge air at 450
m = (1120)(60)/3600 = 18.67 kg/sec KPa. The bpre and stroke are 355 mm and 381 mm, respectively with percent cleared of 8%
running at 300 rpm. Find the volume of air at suction.
Q = mcp = 18.67(1.072)(-8 + 18) = 200.11 KW
A. 541.62 m3/hr B. 551.62 m3/hr C. 561.62 m3/hr *D.
TR = 200.11/3.516 = 56.91 Tons of refrigeration
A turbo-charged, 16 cylinder, Vee-type diesel engine has an air consumption of 3,000 kg/hr per 571.62 m3/hr
cylinder at rate load and speed. This air is drawn in through a filter by a centrifugal SOLUTION:
compressor directly connected to the exhaust gas turine. The temperature of the air from the ev = 1 + c – c(P2/P1)1/n = 1 + 0.08 - 0.08(450/98)1/1.4 = 0.842
compressor is 135C and a counter flow air cooler reduces the air temperature to 45C before it VD = D2 LN = (0.355)2 (0.381)(300/60) = 0.1885 m3/sec
goes to the engine suction heater. Cooling water enters air cooler at 30C and leaves at 40C. V1 = 0.1885(0.842) = 0.15878 m3/sec = 571.62 m3/hr
Calculate the log mean temperature difference. An air compressor has a suction volume of 0.35 m3/sec t 97 KPa and discharges to 650 KPa.
A. 47.23C B. 87.82C *C. 43.34C D. 65.24C How much power saved by the compressor of there are two stages?
SOLUTION:
 A. 18.27 KW B. 16.54 KW C. 13.86 KW *D. T2/T1 = (P2/P1) n-1/n
11.58 KW (132+273) / (21+273) = (480/96.5)n-1/n
SOLUTION: n = 1.249
W = (1.249 x 96.5 x 0.343) / (1.249-1) [(480 / 96.5)1.249-1/1.249 – 1]
W = 62.57 KW
W= [(P2/P1)n-1/n – 1] = (1.4 x 97 x 0.35)/(1.4 -1) [(650/97)1.4-1/1.4 – 1] =
Q = heat loss = mcp(t2 – t1) = (10.9/3600)(4.187)(21 – 15) 0.075 KW
85.79 KW
Brake power = W + Q = 62.57 + 0.076 = 62.65 KW
For two stages :
Px = (P1P2)1/2 = (97 x 650)1/2 = 251.097 KPa
A double suction centrifugal pumps delivers 20 ft3/sec of water at a head of 12 m and running
at 650 rpm. What is the specific speed of the pump?
W= [(Px/P1)n-1/n – 1] = 2(1.4)(97)(0.35)/(1.4 – 1) [(251.0.97/97)1.4-1/1.4 – A. 5014.12 rpm B. 6453.12 rpm *C. 2770.73 rpm D. 9966.73 rpm
1] = 74.208 KW
SOLUTION:
POWER SAVED = 85.79 – 74.208 = 11.582 KW
N = N(Q)1/2 / h3/4
Q = 20/2 ft3/sec x 7.481 gal/ft3 x 60 sec/1min = 4,488.6 gal/min
A twop stage air compressor has an intercooler pressure of 4 kg/cm2. What is the discharge
h = 12 x 3.281 = 39.37 ft
pressure if suction pressure is 1 kg/cm2?
N = (650 x (4,488.6)1/2)/(39.37)3/4
A. 3 kg/cm2 B. 9 kg/cm2 C. 12 kg/cm2 *D. 16 kg/cm2
N = 2,770.73 rpm
SOLUTION: Determine the number of stages needed for a centrifugal pump if it is used to deliver 400
Px = (P1P2)1/2 gal/min of water and pump power of 15 Hp. Each impeller develops a head of 30 ft.
Px2 = P1(P2) A. 6 B. 4 *C. 5 D. 7
42 = 16 kg/cm2
SOLUTION:
Wp = w Q h
A two stage air compressor compresses air at 100 KPa and 22C discharges to 750 KPa. If
15 x 0.746 = 9.81(400 gal/min x 0.00785m3/gal x 1/60)h
intercooler intake is 105C. Determine the value of n.
h = 45.20 m x 3.281 ft/m = 148.317 ft
A. 1.400 *B. 1.325 C. 1.345 D. 1.288
Number of stages = 148.317/40 = 4.94 stages = 5 stages
SOLUTION: The suction pressure of a pump reads 3 in. of mercury vacuum and discharge pressure reads
Px = (100 x 750)1/2 =273.86 KPa 140 psi is use to deliver 120 gpm of water with specific volume of 0.0163 ft3/lb. Determine
Tx/T1 = (Px/P1)n-1/n the pump work.
(105 + 273)/(22 + 273) = (273.86/100)n-1/n A. 4.6 KW B. 5.7 KW *C. 7.4 KW D. 8.4 KW
1.281 = (2.6268)n-1/n
SOLUTION:
n = 1.326
P1 = -3 in Hg x 101.325/29.92 = -10.16 KPa
A single acting compressor has a volumetric efficiency of 89%, operates at 500 rpm. It takes in
P2 = 140 psi x 101.325/14.7 = 965 KPa
air at 900 KPa and 30C and discharges it at 600 KPa. The air handled is 8 m3/min measured at
w = 1/v = 1/0.163 = 61.35 lb/ft3 x 9.81/62.3 = 9.645 KN/m3
discharge condition. If compression is isentropic, find mean effective pressure in KPa.
h = (P2 – P1)/w = (965 +10.16)/9.645 = 101.105 m
*A. 233.34 B. 973.17 C. 198.34 D. 204.82
Q = 120 gal/min x 3.785/1gal x 1m3/1000li x 1/60 = 0.00757 m3/sec
SOLUTION:
P = w Q h = 9.645(0.00757)(101.105) = 7.38 KW
P1V1K = P2V2K
A submersible pump delivers 350 gpm of water to a height of 5 ft from the ground. The pump
100(V11.4) = 600(6)1.4
were installed 150 ft below the ground level and draw down of 8 ft during the operation. If
V1 = 28.768 m3/min
water level is 25 ft above the pump, determine the pump power.
VD = 28.768/0.89 = 32.32 m3/min
A. 7.13 KW B. 4.86 KW C. 7.24 KW *D.
W = n P1V1/n-1 x [(P2 / P1)n-1/n – 1] = [(1.4 x 100 x 32.32)/(1.4 – 1)] x
[(600/100)1.4-1/1.4 – 1] 9.27 KW
W = 7562.19 KJ/min SOLUTION:
W = Pm x Vd h = 5 + 150 – (25 – 8) = 138/3.281 = 42.06 m
7562.19 = Pm x 32.32 Q = 350 gal/min x 0.003785 m3/gal x 1 min/60sec = 0.02246 m3/sec
Pm = 233.34 KPa Wp = w Q h = 9.81(0.02246)(42.06) = 9.27 KW
A water-jacketed air compressed handles 0.343 m3/s of air entering at 96.5 KPa and 21C and A vacuum pump is used to drain a flooded mine shaft of 20 water. The pump pressure of
leaving at 460 KPa and 132C; 10.9 kg/h of cooling water enters the jacket at 15C and leaves at water at this temperature is 2.34 KPa. The pump is incapable of lifting the water higher than
21C. Determine the compressor brake power. 16 m. What is the atmospheric pressure?
A. 26.163 KW *B. 62.650 KW C. 34.44 KW D. *A. 159.30 B. 32.33 C. 196.22 D. 171.9
19.33 KW SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: Using Bernoulli’s Theorem:
 P1/w + V12/2g + z1 = P2/w + V2/2g + z2 T2/T1 = rkk-1
P1/w = P2/w + (V22 - V12)/2g + (z2 - z1) T2 = (60 + 273)1.4-1 = 956.964K
P1/9.81 = 2.34/9.81 + 0 + 16 mt + mg = 409
P1 = 159.30 KPa mt + ma + mf = 409
A submersible, multi-stage, centrifugal deep well pump 260 gpm capacity is installed in a well ma = 409 – 2(18.34) = 372.32 grams
27 feet below the static water level and running at 3000 rpm. Drawdown when pumping at QA = macp(t3 – t2)
rated capacity is 10 feet. The pump delivers the water into a 25,000 gallons capacity overhead 780.752 = 0.37232(1.11)(T3 – 956.964)
storage tank. Total discharge head developed by pump, including friction in piping is 243 feet.
T3 = 2846,146
Calculate the diameter of the impeller of this pump in inches if each impeller diameter
rC = T3/T2 = 2846.146/956.964 = 2.97
developed a head of 38 ft.
A. 3.28 B. 5.33 *C. 3.71 D. 6.34
SOLUTION:
V= DN The gain of entropy during isothermal nonflow process of 5 lb of air at 60 is 0.462 Btu/R.
V= Find the V1/V2.
A. 3.85 *B. 0.259 C. 1.0 D. 0.296
D (3000/60) = (2(32.2)(38))1/2 SOLUTION:
D = 0.315 ft = 3.708 inches
A fan pressure of 2.54 cm of water t 1.42 m3 per second of air at static pressure of 2.54 cm of s = m R T ln(V2/V1)
water through a duct 300 mm diameter and discharges it through a duct 275 mm diameter. 0.462 = 5 (53.33/778) ln (V2/V1)
V2/V1 = 3.85
Determine the static fan efficiency if total fan mechanical is 75% and air measured at 25 V1/V2 = 1/3.85 = 0.259
and 60 mm Hg.
A. 50.11% *B. 53.69% C. 65.67% D. 45.34%
SOLUTION: An auditorium seating 1500 people is to be maintained at 80 dry bulb and 85 wet bulb
wA = P/RT = 101.325/(0.287)(25 + 273) = 1.18 kg/m3 temperature when outdoor air is at 91 dry bulb and 75 wet bulb. Solar heat load is
hA = hwww/wA = (0.0254)(1000)/1.18 = 21.52 m
110,000 Btu/hr and supply air at 60 determine the amount of supply air.
vA = 1.42/( /4)(0.3)2 = 20.09 m/s *A. 93,229.17 lb/hr B. 83,229.17 lb/hr C. 73,229.17 D. 63,229.17 lb/hr
Vd = 1.42/( /4)(0.275)2 = 23.9 m/s SOLUTION:
hv = (23.9)2 – (20.09)2 / 2(9.81) = 8.54 m Sensible heat per person = 225 Btu/hr
h = ha + hv = 21.52 + 8.54 = 30.06 m Qa = 225(1500) + 110,000 = 447,500 Btu/hr
eT = wa Q h/BP Qa = m cp(t1 – t2)
0.75 = (1.18 x 0.00981)(1.42)(30.06) / BP 447,500 = ma(0.24)(80 – 60)
BP = 0.6588 KW ma = 93,229.17 lb/hr
ep = wa Q hs/BP = (1.18 x 0.00981)(1.42)(21.52) / 0.6588 = 53.69%
In a Brayton cycle that operates between temperature limits of 300K and 1773K wit k = 1.4,
A water cooler uses 50 lb/hr of melting ice to cool running water from 80 to 42 . Based determine the temperature at the end of the compression (isentropic) for maximum work of the
on te inside coil area, U1 = 110 Btu/hr-ft2- . Find the gpm of water cooled. cycle.
A. 0.10 GPM B. 0.21 GPM *C. 0.38 GPM D. 0.45 GPM A. 700K B. 590.5K *C. 730K D. 350K
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Q = mf L = mwcpw(t1 – t2) For maximum work: T2 = (T1T3)1/2
50 (144) = mW(1)(80-42) T2 = (300 x 1773)1/2 = 730K
mw = 189.474 lb/hr
V = (189.474/62.4) (7.48/60) = 0.38 GPM At 35% solution leaves the absorber and 30% solution enters the absorber. The heat removed
The charge in a Diesel engine consists of 18.34 grams of fuel, with lower heating value of from the absorber by cooling water is 547.6 Btu and ammonia is superheated by 10 . Find the
42,571 KJ/kg, and 409 grams of fuel and products of combustion. At the beginning of pound per pound of ammonia gas from the evaporating coils.
compression, t1 = 60 . Let rk = 14. For constant cP = 1.11 KJ/kg-C, what should be the cut- A. 11 B. 12 *C. 13 D. 14
off ratio in the corresponding ideal cycle? SOLUTION:
A. 2.05 B. 2.34 C. 5.34 *D. 2.97 n = lb/lb of ammonia gas from the coils
SOLUTION: n = (1 - x2) / (x1 - x2) – 1
QA = mfQh = 0.01283(42,571) = 780,752 KJ n = (1- 0.3) / (0.35 – 0.3) – 1 = 13
A Carnot refrigeration system operates at Tmax / Tmin = 1.5. Find the KW per tons of
refrigeration.
A. 1.91 B. 2.15 *C. 1.76 D. 1.55
SOLUTION: P1 – P2 = 252.44 Kpa
Wo / TR = 3.516 / COP = 3.516 / (Tmin / (Tmax – Tmin)
Wo / TR = [3.516(Tmax – Tmin)] / Tmin
Wo / TR = 3.516[(Tmax / Tmin) – 1] = 3.516(1.5-1) = 1.758 KW/TR Determine the size of pipe which will deliver 8 liters of medium oil (v= 6.10 x 10-6 m2/s)
assuming laminar flow conditions:
Assume 8 ft3 of air at 100 psi, 100 are compressed isothermally to a volume of 2 ft3. For A. 622 mm B. 754 mm C. 950 mm *D. 835 mm
each of end states of the process, find the bulk modulus. SOLUTION:
*A. 400 and 100 psi B. 400 and 110 psi C. 400 and 120 psi D. 400 and
130
V=
An empty open can is 30 cm high with a 15 cm diameter. The can, with the open end and
down, is pushed under water with a density of 1000kg/m3. Find the water level in the can
when the top of the can is 50 cm below the surface. Re =
A. 17.20 cm *B. 2.12 cm C. 4.20 cm D. 5.87cm For laminar flow, Re = 2000
SOLUTION:
Consider the water pressure
Pw = w h + 1010.325 + (0.8-x)(9.81) + 101.325 = 109.173 – 9.81x 2000 =
Consider the air pressure d = 0.835 m = 835 mm
P1V1 = P2V2
101.325(Ax0.3) = P2[A(0.3-x)] The type of flow occupying in a 1 cm diameter pipe which water flows at a velocity of 2.50
m/s. Use v = 1.13 x 10-6 m2/s for water.
P2 = *A. turbulent B. constant C. laminar D. none of the above
Pw = P2
SOLUTION:

109.173 – 9.81x =
9.81x2 – 112.116x + 2.3705 = 0 Re =
By quadratic formula:
X = 0.02118 m = 2.12 cm Re =

A cylindrical pope with water flowing downward at 0.03 m3/s having top diameter of 0.08, Re = 22,124
bottom diameter of 0.04 m and a height of 1.5m. Find the pressure between the pipe Since it is greater than 2000 then it is turbulent flow
A. 154.63 Kpa B. 197.93 Kpa *C. 252.44 Kpa D. 243.92 Kpa
SOLUTION: What is the force is exerted by water jet 60 mm diameter if it strikes a wall at the rate of 15
m/s?
*A. 636.17 N B.442.62 N C. 764.23 N D. 563.34 N
+ Z1 = + Z2
SOLUTION:
F=wQv

Q =Av= = 0.0424 m3/s

Z1 – Z2 = 1.5 m F = (1000)(0.0424)(15) = 636.17 N
Z2 – Z1 = -1.5 m
A 300 mm diameter pipe discharges water at the rate of 200 li/s. Point 1 on the pipe has a
pressure of 260 kpa and 3.4 m below point 1 is point 2 with a pressure of 300 kpa. Compute
the head loss between points 1 and 2.
V1 = = 5.968 m/s
A. 4.29 m B. 2.59 m C. 6.32 m *D. 1.87 m
SOLUTION:
V2 = = 23.87 m/s hL
 Air flows through a nozzle with temperature of entrance of 420oK stagnation temperature of
hL = 468oK. Find the mach number.
A. 0.744 *B. 0.754 C. 0.764 D. 0.774
Water flowing at the rate of 10 m/s from an orifice at the bottom of a reservoir. Find the SOLUTION:
pressure at the bottom of the reservoir. To = T1 + v2/2000Cp
A. 30 kpag B. 40 kpag *C. 50 kpag D. 60 kpag 468 = 420 + v2/2000
SOLUTION: v = 309.838 m/s
h = V2/ 2g = 102/ 2(9.81) = 5.0968 m
P = w h = 9.81(5.0968) = 50 kpag C=
M = v/C = 309.838/410.8 = 0.754
Steam flows through a nozzle at 400oC and 1 Mpa (h = 3263.9 KJ/kg) with velocity of 300
m/s. Find the stagnation enthalpy. Air at 300oK and 200 kpa is heated at constant pressure to 600oK. Determine the change of
A. 3300 KJ/kg B. 3290 KJ/kg *C. 3320 KJ/kg *D. 3309 KJ/kg internal energy.
SOLUTION: A. 245.58 KJ/kg B. 235.58 KJ/kg C. 225.58 KJ/kg *D. 215.58
ho = h + v2/2000 = 3263.9 + 3002/2000 = 3309 KJ/kg KJ/kg
SOLUTION:
Air flows through a nozzle at a speed of 350 m/s. Find the stagnation temperature if entrance ΔU = mCv (T2 – T1) = 1(0.7186)(600 -300) = 215.58 KJ/kg
temperature is 200oC.
A. 241.25oC B. 251.25oC *C. 261.25oC D. 271.25oC An insulated rigid tank initially contains 1.5 lb of helium at 80oF and 50 psia. A paddle wheel
SOLUTION: with power rating of 0.02 hp is operated within the tank for 30 min. Determine the final
To = T1 + v2/2000Cp = (2000 + 273) + 3502/2000(1) temperature.
To = 534.25oK = 261.25 A. 159.22oF B. 169.22oF *C. 179.22oF D. 189.22 oF
SOLUTION:
Carbon dioxide flows through a nozzle with a speed of 400 m/s. Compute the dynamic W = ΔU = m Cv (T2 – T1)
temperature. 0.02 hp (0.50hr)(2545Btu/hr/hp) = 1.5(0.171)(t2 – 80)
A. 92.56oK *B. 94.56oK C. 96.56oK D. 98.56oK t2 = 179.22oF
SOLUTION:
For CO2: Cp = 0.846 KJ/kg-K A 4m2 asphalt pavement with emissivity of 0.85 has a surface temperature of 50oC. Find the
Dynamic temperature = v2/2000Cp = 4002/2000(0.846) = 94.56oK maximum rate of radiation that can be emitted from the surface.
A. 2,068.32 watts B. 2,078.32 watts C. 2,088.32 watts *D. 2.098.32
Carbon dioxide flows through a nozzle with a speed of 380 m/s. The entrance condition of watts
nozzle is 250oC and 1200 kpa. Find the stagnation pressure. SOLUTION:
*A. 2,136.34 kpa B. 2,146.34 kpa C. 2,156.34 kpa D. 2,166.34 Qr = e kev A Ts4
kpa Kev = 5.67 x 10-8 ( Stefan Boltzman constant)
SOLUTION: Qr = 0.85(5.67 z 10-8)(4)*50 +273)4 = 2,098.32 watts
T1 = 250 + 273 = 523oK
To = T1 + v2/2000 = 523 = 3802/2000 = 595.2oK Air at 10oC and 90 kpa enters a diffuser of a jet engine steadily with a velocity of 200 m/s.
P1 = 1200 kpa The inlet area diffuser is 0.40 m2. Determine the mass flow rate of air.
T1/To = (P1/Po)k-1/k A. 72.79 kg/s B. 74.79 kg/s C. 76.79 kg/s *D. 78.79 kg/s
For CO2: k = 1.289 SOLUTION:
523/595.2 = (1200/Po)1.289-1/1.289 W = P/RT = 80/0.287(10 + 273) = 0.985 kg/m3
P0 = 2,136.34 kpa m = w v A = 0.985(200)(0.40) = 78.79 kg/s

Air enters a diffuser with a velocity of 200 m/s. Determine the velocity of sound if air Consider a refrigeration whose 40 watts light bulb remains on continuously as a result of a
temperature is 30oC. malfunction of the switch. If the refrigerator has a COP of 1.3 and the cost of electricity is 8
*A. 349 m/s B. 359 m/s C. 369 m/s D. 379 m/s cents per kw-hr., determine the increase in the energy consumption of the refrigerator and its
SOLUTION: cost per year if the switch is not fixed.
C= *A. P49.59 B. P47.59 C. P45.59 D. P43.59
SOLUTION:
COP = RE/Wref
1.3 = 40/Wref
Wref = 30.769 watts
W = Wb + Wref = 40 + 30.769 = 70.77 watts
 W = 0.07077 Kw
Cost = 0.07077(8760)(P0.08) = P49.59 Air pass thru a nozzle with efficiency of 90%. The velocity of air at the exit is 600 m/s. Find
the actual velocity at the exit.
A 75 hp motor that has an efficiency of 91% is worn out and is replaced by a high-efficiency A. 382 m/s B. 540 m/s C. 458 m/s *D. 568 m/s
motor that has an efficiency of 95.4%. Determine the reduction in heat gain of the room due to SOLUTION:
higher efficiency under full-load conditions. e = (v2/v3)2
A. 2.24 KW *B. 2.44 KW C. 2.64 KW D. 2.84 KW 0.9 = (v2/600)2
SOLUTION: v2 = 568.21 m/s
P01 = (75 x 0.746)(0.91) = 50.91 KW
P02 = (75 x 0.746)(0.954) = 53.376 KW A 50 kg block of iron casting at 500K is thrown into a large lake that is at a temperature of
Qreduced = 53.376 – 50.91 = 2.44 KW 258oK. The iron block eventually reaches thermal equilibrium with the lake water. Assuming
average specific hear of 0.45 KJ/kg-K for the iron, determine the entropy generated during this
A household refrigerator that has a power input of 450 watts and a COP of 2.5 is to cool five process.
large watermelons, 10 kg each, to 8oC. If the watermelons are initially at 20oC, determine *A. -12.65 KJ/k B. 16.97KJ/K C. 4.32 KJ/K D. 6.32 KJ/K
how long will take for the refrigerator cool them. The watermelons can be treated as a water SOLUTION:
whose specific heat is 4.2 KJ/kg-oK. ΔSiron = m c ln (T2/T1) = 50(0.45)ln(285/500) = -12.65 KJ/K
A. 2220 seconds B. 2230 seconds *C.2240 seconds D. 2250 ΔSlake = Q/T = [50(0.45)(500-285)]/285 = 16.97 KJ/K
seconds ΔSgen. = -12.65 + 16.97 = 4.32 KJ/K
SOLUTION:
COP = RE/Wc A windmill with a 12 m diameter rotor is to be installed at a location where the wind is
2.5 = RE/450 blowing at an average velocity of 10 /s. Using standard conditions of air (1 atm, 25oC),
RE = 1,125 watts determine the maximum that can be generated by the windmill.
RE = m cp (t2 – t1) A. 68 KW *B. 70 KW C. 72 KW D. 74
450 t = (10 x 5)(4.2)(20-8) KW
t = 2240 seconds SOLUTION:
w = P/RT = 101.325/(0.28)(25+ 273) = 1.1847 kg/m3
When a man returns to his wall-sealed house on a summer day, he finds that the house is at m = w A v = 1.1847(π/4 x 122)(10) = 1,1339.895 kg/s
32oC. He returns on the air conditioner which cools the entire house to 20oC in 15 minutes, if KE = v2/2000 = 102/2000 = 0.05 KJ/kg
COP is 2.5, determine the power drawn by the airconditioner. Assume the entire mass within Power = m KE = 1,1339.895(0.05) = 70 KW
the house is 800 kg of air for which cv = 0.72 KJ/kg-K, cp = 1.0KJ/kg-K.
A. 1.072 KW B. 2.072 KW *C. 3.072 KW D. 4.072 KW Consider a large furnace that can supply heat at a temperature of 2000oR at a steady rate of
SOLUTION: 3000Btu/s. Determine the energy of this energy. Assume an environment temperature of 77oF.
RE = m cv (T2 –T1) = (800/15x60)(0.72)(32-20) A. 2305.19 KW *B. 2315.19 KW C. 2325.19 KW D.
RE = 7.66 KW 2335.19 KW
Wc = 7.68/2.5 = 3.072 KW SOLUTION:

A heat source at 8000K losses 2000 KJ of heat to a sink at 500oK. Determine the entropy e= = 0.7315
generated during this process. W = e Q = 0.7315(3000) = 2194.5 Btu/s = 2315.19 KW
*A. 1.5 KJ/K B. 2.5 KJ/K C. -2.5 KJ/K D. 4
KJ/K
SOLUTION:
ΔSsource = -2000/800 = -2.5 A heat engine receives hat from a source at 1200oK at a rate of 5000KJ/s and rejects the waste
ΔSsink = 2000/500 = 4 heat to a medium at 3000oK. The power output of the heat engine is 180 KW. Determine the
ΔSgen. = -2.5 + 4 = 1.5 KJ/K irreversible rate for this process.
A. 190 KW *B. 195 KW C. 200 KW D. 205 KW
Helium gas is compressed in an adiabatic compressor from an initial state of 14 psia and 50oF SOLUTION:
to a final temperature of 320oF in a reversible manner. Determine the exit pressure of Helium. e = (1200 – 300) / 1200 = 0.75
A. 38.5 psia *B. 40.5 psia C. 42.5 psia D. W = 0.75(500) = 375 KW
44.5 psia Irreversibilities = 375 – 180 195 KW
SOLUTION:
T2/T1 = (P2/P1)n-1/n A dealer advertises that he has just received a shipment of electric resistance heaters for
(320 + 460)/(50 +460) = (P2/14)1.587-1/1.587 residential buildings that have an efficiency of 100 percent. Assuming an indoor temperature
P2 = 40.5 psia
of 21oC and outdoor temperature of 10oC, determine the second law efficiency of these m2 = 33.73 lbs
heaters. madded = m2 –m1 = 33.73 – 20 = 13.73 lb
A. 8.74% B. 6.74% *C. 3.74% D. 4.74%
SOLUTION: A rigid tank contains 5 kg of an ideal gas at 4 atm and 40oC. Now a valve is opened, and half
COP1 = 100% efficient = 1 of mass of the gas is allowed to escape. If the final pressure in the tank is 1,5 atm, the final
COP2 = (21 + 273) / (21 – 10) = 26.72 temperature in the tank is:
e = COP1 /COP2 = 1/ 26.72 = 3.74 % *A. -38oC B. -30oC C. 40oC D. 53oC
SOLUTION:
A thermal power plant has a heat rate of 11,363 Btu/KW-hr. Find the thermal efficiency of the PV = m R T
plant. (4 x 9.81)(V) = 5(0.287)(40 + 273)
A. 34% B. 24% C. 26% *D. 30% V = 11.446 m3
SOLUTION: PV = mRT
e = 3412 / Heat rate = 3412 / 11363 = 30 % (1.5 x 9.81)(11.446) = (5/2)(0.287)(T)
T = 234.74oK = -38.26oC
A rigid tank contains 2 kmol of N2 and 6 kmol of CO2 gasses at 300oK and 115 Mpa. Find the
tank volume us ideal gas equation. The pressure of an automobile tire is measured to be 200 kpa(gage) before the trip and 220
A. 7.33 m3 B. 5.33 m3 C. 3.33 m3 *D. 1.33 m3 kpa(gage) after the trip at a location where the atmospheric pressure is 90 kpa. If the
SOLUTION: temperature of the air in the tire before the trip is 25oC, the air temperature after the trip is:
PmVm = Nm R Tm *A. 45.6oC B. 54.6oC C. 27.5oC D. 26.7oC
15,000 Vm = (6 + 2)(8.314)(300) SOLUTION:
Vm = 1.33 m3 T2 / T1 = P2 / P1
T2 / (25+ 273) = (220 +90) / (200 + 90)
A spherical balloon with a diameter of 6 m is filled with helium at 20oC and 200 kpa. T2 = 318.55 K
Determine the mole number. t2 = 45.55oC
*A. 9.28 Kmol B. 10.28 Kmol C. 11.28 Kmol D. 13.28 Kmol
SOLUTION: Water is boiling at 1 atm pressure in a stainless steel pan on an electric range. It is observed
PV=NRT that 2 kg of liquid ater evaporates in 30 mins. The rate of heat transfer to the water is:
(200)[(4/3)(π)(6/2)3] = N (8.314)(20 + 273) A. 2.97 KW B. 0.47 KW *C. 2.51 KW D. 3.12 KW
N = 9.28 Kmol SOLUTION:

The air in an automobile tire with a volume of 0.53 ft3 is at 90oF and 20 psig. Determine the Q = mL = (2257) = 2.51 KW
amount of air that must be added to raise the pressure to the recommended value of 30 psig. Consider a person standing in a breezy room at 20oC. Determine the total rate of heat transfer
Assume the atmospheric to be 14.7 psia and the temperature and the volume to remain from this person if the exposed surface area and the average outer surface temperature of the
constant. person are 1.6 m2 and 29oC, respectively, and the convection heat transfer coefficient is 6
*A. 0.026 lb B. 0.046 lb C. 0.066 lb D. 0.086 lb W/m2 with emissivity factor of 0.95.
SOLUTION: A. 86.40 watts B. 61.70 watts C. 198.1 watts *D. 168.1 watts
PV=mRT SOLUTION:
(20 + 14.7)(144)(0.53) = m1 (53.3)(90 + 460) Qc = h A (t2 – t1) = (6)(1.6)(29.20) = 86.40 watts
m1 = 0.09034 lb Qr = (0.95)(5.67 x 10-6)[(1.6)(29 + 273)4 – (20 + 273)4] = 81.7 watts
(30 + 14.7)(144)(0.53) = m2(53.3)(90 + 460) Q = Qc + Qr = 86.40 + 81.7 = 168.1 watts
m2 = 0.11634 lb
madded = m2 – m1 = 0.11634 – 0.09034 = 0.026 lb Water is boiler in a pan on a stove at sea level. During 10 minutes of boiling, it is observed
that 200 grams of water has evaporated. Then the rate of heat transfer to the water is:
A rigid tank contains 20 lbm of air at 20 psia and 70oF. More air is added to the tank until the A. 0.84 KJ/min *B. 45.1 KJ/min C. 41.8 KJ/min D. 53.5 KJ/min
pressure and temperature rise to 35 psia and 90 oF, respectively. Determine the amount of air SOLUTION:
added to the tank. Q = m L = (0.2 / 10) (2257) = 45.1 KJ/min
A. 11.73 lb *B. 13.73 lb C. 15.73 lb D. 17.73 lb
SOLUTION: An aluminum pan whose thermal conductivity is 237 W/m-C has a flat bottom whose diameter
P1V1 = m1 R1T1 is 20 cm and thickness 0.4 cm. Heat is transferred steadily to boiling water in the pan through
(20 x 144)(V1) = 20 (53.3)(70 + 460) its bottom at a rate of 500 watts. If the inner surface of the bottom of the pan is 105oC,
V = 196.17 ft3 determine the temperature of the surface of the bottom of the pan.
P2V2 = m2R2T2 A. 95.27 oC *B. 105.27oC C. 115.27oC D. 125.27oC
(35 x 144)(196.17) = m2 (53.3)(90 + 460) SOLUTION:
 A = π / 4 ( 0.20)2 = 0.0314 m2 SOLUTION:
Final energy = Qa + ΔU – Qloss + W = 30 + 10 – 5 + 0.50 = 35.5 KJ
Q=
A classroom that normally contains 40 people is to be air- conditioned with window air-
conditioning units of 5 KW cooling capacity. A person at rest may be assumed to dissipate heat
500 =
at a rate of about 360 KJ/hr. There are 10 light bulbs in the room, each with a rating of 100
watts. The rate of heat transfer to the classroom through the walls and the windows is
T2 = 105.27oC
estimated to be 15,00 KJ/hr. If the room air is to be maintained at a constant temperature of
21oC, determine the number of window air- conditioning units required.
For heat transfer purposes, a standing man can be modeled as a 30 cm diameter, 170 cm long
A. 1 unit *B. 2 units C. 3 units D. 4 units
vertical cylinder with both the top and bottom surfaces insulated and with the side surface at
SOLUTION:
an average temperature of 34oC. For a convection heat transfer coefficient of 15 W/m2- oC,
Q = total head load = 40(360/3600) + 10(0.100) + 15,000/3600 = 9.167 KW
determine the rate of heat loss from this man by convection in an environment at 20oC.
No. of air-conditioning = 9.167/5 = 1.833 = 2 units
A. 316.46 watts B. 326.46 watts *C. 336.46 watts D. 346.46 watts
SOLUTION:
A 4m x 5m x 6m room is to be heated by a baseboard resistance heater. It is desired that the
Qc = k A (t2 – t1) = 15 (π x 0.30 x 1.7) (34 – 20) = 336.46 watts
resistance heater be able to raise the air temperature in the room from 7 to 23oC within 15
minutes. Assuming no heat losses from the room and an atmospheric pressure of 100 kpa,
A 5cm diameter spherical ball whose surface is maintained at a temperature of 70oC is
determine the required power of the resistance heater. Assume constant specific heats at room
suspended in the middle of a room at 20oC. If the convection heat transfer coefficient is 15
temperature.
W/m2 – C and the emissivity of the surface is 0.8, determine the total heat transfer from the
A. 2.34 KW *B. 1.91 KW C. 4.56 KW D.
ball.
6.34 KW
A. 23.56 watts *B. 32.77 watts C. 9.22 watts D. 43.45 watts
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
w = P / R T = 100 / (0.287)(7 +273) = 1.244 kg / m3
A = 4 π r2 = 4 π (0.05)2 = 0.0314 m2
m = 1.244 (4 x 5 x 6) = 149.28 kg
Qc = h A (t2 – t1) = 15 (0.0314)(70 – 20) = 23.56 watts
Q = m cv (t2 – t1 ) = 149.28 (0.7186)(23 – 7) = 1,716.36 KJ
Qr = (0.80)(5.67 x 10-6)(0.0314)[(70 + 273)4 – (50 + 273)4] = 9.22 watts
Power = 1,716.36 / (15 x 60) = 1.91 KW
Q = Qr + Qc = 23.56 + 9.22 = 32.77 watts
A student in a 4m x 6m x 6m dormitory room turns on her 150 watts fan before she leaves the
A frictionless piston-cylinder device and rigid tank contain 1.2 kmol of ideal gas at the same
room on a summer day, hoping that the room will be cooler when she comes back in the
temperature, pressure, and volume. Now heat is transferred, and the temperature of both
evening. Assuming all the doors and windows are tightly closed and disregarding any heat
system is raised by 15oC. The amount of extra heat that must be supplied to the gas in the
transfer through the walls and the windows, determine the temperature in the room when she
cylinder that is maintained at constant pressure.
comes back 10 hours later. Use specific heat values at room temperature, and assume the room
to be at 100 kpa and 15oC in the morning when she leaves
SOLUTION:
A. 28.13oC B. 38.13oC C. 48.13oC *D. 58.13oC
A. 0 B. 50 KJ C. 100 KJ *D. 150 KJ
SOLUTION:
Q = m cp (t2 – t1) = (1.2 x 8.314)(1)(15) = 150 KJ
w = P / R T = 100 / (0.287)(15 + 273) = 1.2098 kg / m3
m = 1.2098(4 x 6 x 6) = 174.216 kg
A supply of 50 kg of chicken needs at 6oC contained in a box is to be frozen to -18oC in a
Q = m cv (t2 – t1)
freezer. Determine the amount of heat that needs to be removed. The latent heat of chicken is
0.15(10 x 3600) = 174.216 (0.7186)(t2 – 15)
247 KJ/kg, and its specific heat is 3.32 KJ/kg-oC above freezing and 1.77 KJ/kg-oC below
t2 = 58.13oC
freezing. The container box is 1.5 kg, and the specific heat of the box material is 1.4 Kj/kg-oC.
Also the freezing temperature of chicken is -2.8oC.
A piston cylinder device whose piston is resting on top of a set stops initially contains 0.50 kg
*A. 15,206.4 KJ B. 50.4 KJ C. 15,156 KJ D. 1,863 KJ
of helium gas at 100 kpa and 25oC. The mass of the piston is such that 500 kpa of pressure is
SOLUTION:
required to raise it. How much heat must be transferred to the helium before the piston starts
Qchicken = 50 [3.32(6 + 2.8) = 247 1.77(-2.8 + 18)] = 15,156 KJ
rising?
Qbox = 1.5(1.4)(6 + 8) = 50.4 KJ
A. 1557.13 KJ B. 1657.13 KJ C. 1757.13 KJ *D. 1857.13
Q = 15,156 + 50.4 = 15, 206.4 KJ
KJ
SOLUTION:
Water is being heated in a closed pan on top of a range while being stirred by a paddle wheel.
For helium: cv = R / (k-1) = (8.314 / 4) (1.667 – 1) = 3,116 KJ/ kg-K
During the process, 30 KJ of heat is transferred to the water, and 5 KJ of heat is lost to the
T2 = (25 + 273)(500 / 100) = 1,490oK
surrounding air. The paddle wheel work amounts to 500 N-m. Determine the final energy of
T1 = 25 + 273 = 298oK
the system if its initial energy is 10 KJ.
Q = m cv (T2 – T1) = 0.50(3.116)(1490 – 298) = 1857.13 KJ
*A. 35.5 KJ B. 45.5 KJ C. 25.5 KJ D. 14.5 KJ
In order to cool 1 ton (100kg) of water at 20oC in an insulated tank, a person pours 80 kg of A tank contains liquid nitrogen at -190oC is suspended in a vacuum shell by three stainless
ice at -5oC into the water. Determine the final equilibrium temperature in the tank. The steel rods 0.80 cm in diameter and 3 meters long with a thermal conductivity of 16.3 W/m2-C.
melting temperature and the hat of fusion of ice at atmospheric pressure are 0oC and 333.7 If the ambient outside the vacuum shell is 15oC, calculate the magnitude of the conductive
kJ/kg, respectively. heat flow in watts along the support rods.
*A. 12.43oC B. 14.43oC C. 16.43oC D. 18.43oC *A. 0.168 B. 0.0587 C. 0.182 D. 0.176
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Qwater =Qice Q = h A (Δt) = 16.3 (π/4 x 0.0082)(15 – (-190)) = 0.168 watts
1000(4.187)(20 –te) = 80(2.09)(0 + 5) + 80(333.7) + 80(4.187)(te – 0) An elastic sphere containing gas at 120 kpa has a diameter of 1.0 m. Heating the sphere causes
te = 14.43oC it to expand to a diameter of 1.3 m. During the process the pressure is proportional to the
sphere diameter. Calculate the work done by the gas in KJ.
A fan is powered by a 0.5 hp motor and delivers air at a rate of 85 m3/min. Determine the A. 41.8 B. 50.6 *C. 87.5 D. 35.4
highest value for the average velocity of air mobilized by the fan. The density of air to 1.18 SOLUTION:
kg/m3. PαD
P=kD
A. 18.23 m/s *B. 21.12 m/s C. 25.34 m/s D. 120 = k(1)
32.23 m/s K = 120
SOLUTION: P = 120 D
P=wQh V = 4/3 π(D/d)2 = 4/24 π D3
0.50(0.746) = ( 1.18 x 0.00981)( 85 / 60) (h) dV = (12/24) π D2 dD
h = 22.74 m
W= D3dD
v= = 21.12 m/s W = 87.47 KJ
An Ocean – Thermal Energy Conversion power plant generates 10,000 KW using a warm An ideal gas with a molecular weight of 7.1 kg/kg mol is compressed from 600 kpa and
surface water inlet temperature of 26oC and a cold deep- water temperature of 15oC. ON the 280oK to a final specific volume of 0.5 m3/kg. During the process the pressure varies
basis of a 3oC drop in the temperature of the warm water and a 3oC rise in the temperature of according to p = 620 + 150v + 95v2 where p is in kpa and v in m3/kg. Calculate the work of
the cold water due to removal and addition of heat, calculate the power required in KW to compression in KJ/kg?
pump the cold- deep water to the surface and through the system heat.Assume a Carnot cycle A. 32.8 B. 28.7 C. 35.6 *D. 33.3
efficiency and density of cold water to be 1000 kg/m3. SOLUTION:
A. 108 *B. 250 C. 146 D. 160 V1 = R T / P = (8.314 / 7.1)(280) / (600) = 0.546 m3/kg
SOLUTION:
e = (Th – TL)/ TH = [(26 + 273) – (15 + 273)] / (26 + 273) = 0.0679
e =W / Qa W=
0.03676 = 10, 000 / QA
QA = 271, 612. 99 KW
QR = Qa – W = 271,812.99 – 10, 000 = 261,813 KW
QR = m cp (Δt)
261, 813 = m (4.187)(3) One cubic meter container contains a mixture of gases composed of 0.02 kg-mol of oxygen
M = 20, 643.32 kg/s and 0.04 kg-mol of helium at a pressure of 220 kpa. What is the temperature of this ideal gas
Q = 20,843.32 kg/s or 20,843.32 li/s = 20.843 m3/s mixture in degrees Kelvin?
H = P / w = 12 / 9.81 = 1.223 m *A. 441 B. 350 C. 400 D. 450
Wp = w Q h = 9.81(20.843)(1.223) = 250.12 KW SOLUTION:
V = V1 + V2
A plate – type solar energy collector with an absorbing surface covered by a glass plate is to
receive an incident radiation of 800 W/m2. The glass plate has a reflective of 0.12 and a VT =
transmissivity of 0.85. The absorbing surface has an absorptivity of 0.90. The area of the
collector is 5m2. How much solar energy in watts is absorbing by the collector? 1=
A. 2500 B. 2880 C. 3510 *D. 3060
SOLUTION: T = 441 oK
Q = heat absorbed from sun
Q = (800 W/m2)(5 m2)(0.85)(0.9) = 3,060 watts Methyl alcohol (CH3OH) is burned with 25% excess air. How much unburned oxygen in kg-
mol-oxygen / kg-mol fuel will there be in the products if the combustion is complete?
A. 0.35 B. 0.45 *C. 0.37 D. 0.65
SOLUTION: An insulated box containing helium gas falls from a balloon 4.5 km above the earth’s surface.
CH3OH + O2 + (3.76)N2 = CO2 + H2O + (3.76)N2 Calculate the temperature rise in oC of the helium when box hits the ground.
CH3OH + 1.5O2 + 1.5(3.76)N2 = 1 CO2 + 2H2O + 1.5(3.76)N2 A. 15.2 B. 12.6 C. 25.3 *D. 14.1
Consider 25% excess air: SOLUTION:
CH3OH + 1.25(1.5)O2 + 1.25(1.5)(3.76)N2 = 1CO2 + 2H2O + 1.25(1.5)(3.76)N2 + Cv of helium = 3118.9 j/kg-C
0.25(1.5)O2 m g h = m cv Δt
Unburned O2 = 0.25(1.5) = 0.375 m (9.81)(4500) = m (3118.9) Δt
Δt = 14.15 oC
A 12 DC electrical motor draws a current of 15 amps. How much work in KJ does this motor
produce over a 10 minute period of operation? Consider two Carnot heat engines operating in series. The first engine receives heat from the
*A. 108.0 B. 129.6 C. 216.0 D. 318.2 reservoir at 2500oK and rejects the waste heat to another reservoir at temperature T. The
SOLUTION: second engine receives heat by the first one, convert some of it to work, and rejects the rest to
W=E=QV a reservoir at 300oK. If thermal efficiencies of both engines are the same, determine the
W = (15 x 10 x 60)(12) = 108,000 J = 108 KJ temperature T.
*A. 849oK B. 578 oK C. 763 oK D. 976 oK
A 4 liter (2-liter per revolution at standard pressure and temperature) spark ignition engine has SOLUTION:
a compression ratio of 8 and 2200 KJ/kg heat addition by the fluid combustion. Considering a et = e2
cold air-standard Otto cycle model, how much power will the engine produce when operating
at 2500 rpm?
*A. 166.53 hp B. 73.12 hp C. 97.4 hp D. 148 hp T = 849oK
SOLUTION:
W = 1.2 kg/m3 (standard density of air) An ideal gas mixture consists of 2 kmol of N2 and 6 kmol of CO2. The mass fraction of CO2
M = 2 li/rev x 2500 rev/min x 1.2 kg/m3 x 1 m3/ 1000 li x 1 min/ 60 sec = 0.10 kg/s is:
e = W / QA A. 0.175 B. 0.250 *C. 0.825 D. 0.750
e = 1 -1 / 8 1.4 -1 = 0.5647 SOLUTION:
0.5647 = W / 2200
W = 1,242.34 KJ/kg (0.10 kg/s) = 124.23 KW = 166. 53 hp 6(44)
Mass fraction of CO2 = = 0.825
A simple Rankine cycle produces 40 MW of power, 50 MW of process heated and rejects 50 6(44) + 2(28)
MW of heat to the surroundings. What is the utilization factor of this cogeneration cycle An ideal gas mixture consists of 2 kmol of N2 and 6 kmol of CO2. The apparent gas constant
neglecting the pump work? of mixture is:
A. 50% B. 60% *C. 64% D. 80%
*A. 0.208 B. 0.231 C. 0.531 D. 0.825
SOLUTION:
Solution:
QA = WT + WprocessWp = 40 + 50 + 50 = 140 KW
M= (2/8)(28) + (6/8)(44) = 40
R= 8.314/M = 8.314/40 = 0.208 KJ/kg-K
UF = = 64 % A Carnot cycle operates between the temperature limits of 300OK and 1500OK, and produces
600 KW of net power.
The rate of heat transfer to the surroundings’ from a person at a rest is about 400 KJ/hr.
The rate of entropy changes of the working fluid during the heat addition process is:
Suppose that the ventilation system fails in an automobile in an auditorium containing 120
A. 0 B. 0.4KW/K *C. 0.5KW/K D.2.0KW/K
people and assuming that the energy goes into the air of volume 1500 m3 initially at 300oK
and 101 kpa, calculate the rate in oC/min of air temperature change. Solution:
A. 0.81 B. 0.53 *C. 0.63 D. 1.0 W= ( s) (TH – TL)
SOLUTION: 600 = ( s) (1500 – 300)
Q = m cv Δt ( s)= 0.50 KW/K
PV = m RT Air in an ideal Diesel cycle is compressed from 3L to 0.15L and then it expands during the
101(1500) = m (0.287)(300) constant pressure heat addition process to 0.3L. Under cold air standard conditions, the
m = 1,759.58 kg thermal efficiency of this cycle is:
Q = m cv Δt rk = 3/0.15= 20
120(400 / 60) = 1759.58 (0.7186)(Δt) rc= 0.3/0.15= 2
Δt = 0.633 oC / min
1 rck- 1 1 21.2 - 1
e=1- = 1- = 0.6467
 rkk-1 k(rc – 1) 201.4-1 1.4 (2-1) et= (TH – TL)/TH = (1200 – 300)/1200 = 0.75
=64.67% es= 0.40/0.75= 53.33%
Helium gas is an ideal Otto cycle is compressed from 20oC and 2L to 0.25L and its A water reservoir contains 100,000 kg of water at an average elevation of 60 m. The
temperature increases by an additional 800oC during the addition process. The temperature maximum amount of electric power that can be generated from this water is:
of helium before the expansion process is: A.8KWh *B.16KWh C.1630KWh D.58, 800KWh
*A. 1700oC B. 1440oC C. 1240oC D.880oC Solution:
Solution: P= m h = (100,000 x 0.00981)(60)= 58,860 KJ
rk =2/0 25 = 8 P= 58,860 KJ x KWh/3600 KJ = 16.35KWh
T2 = (20+273) (8)1.667-1 =1,172K A house is maintained at 22oC in winter by electric resistance heaters. If the outdoor
T3 = T2 + 800 = 1172 + 800 = 1972oK temperature is 5oC, the second law of efficiency of the resistance heaters is:
t3 = 1699oC = 1700oK A.0% *B.5.8% C.34% D.77%
In an ideal Brayton cycle has a net work output of 150KJ/kg and backwork ratio of 0.4. If both Solution:
the turbine and the compressor had an isentropic efficiency of 80%, the net work output of ea= 100% of resistance heaters
the cycle would be. et= (22 – 5)/(22 + 273) = 5.8%
A. 50KJ/kg *B. 75KJ/kg C. 98KJ/kg D.120KJ/kg es= 5.8/100 = 5.8%
Solution: A thermoelectric refrigerator that resembles a small ice chest is powered by a car battery, and
Backwork ratio = WO/WT has a COP of 0.10. If the refrigerator cools at 0.350L canned drink from 20OC to 4OC in 30
0.40 = WO/WT min. determine the average electric power consumed by the thermoelectric refrigerator.
WO = 0.40 WT *A.130 watts B.110 watts C.120 watts D.140 watts
Wnet = WT - WO Solution:
150 = WT – 0.4 WT (1 x 0.35)
WT =250 KJ/kg Q= m cp(t2 – t1) = (4.187)(20 – 4) = 13 watts
WT ‘=250(0.8) = 200KJ/kg 30 x 60
WP = 0.40(200) =100KJ/kg COP= RE/Wc
WP’ = 100/0.80 =125 KJ/kg 0.10= 13/0.10= 130 watts
Wnet= WT’ – WC’= 200 – 125 = 75 KJ/kg A Carnot refrigerator operates in a room in which the temperature is 25OC and consumes 2
Air entered a turbojet engine at 200 m/s at a rate of 20 kg/s, and exists at 800 m/s relative to kW of power when operating. If the food compartment of the refrigerator is to be maintained
the aircraft. the thrust developed by the engine is: at 3OC, determine the rate of heat removal from the food compartment.
A. 6KN *B. 12KN C.16KN D. 20KN *A.1504.8 kJ/min B.12.86 kJ/min C.1625 kJ/min D.9.57
Solution: kJ/min
Thrust developed = m(v2 – v1) = 20(800 – 200) = 12,000N = 12KN Solution:
A thermal power has a net power 10MW. The backwork ratio of the plant is 0.005. Determine COP= TL /TH– TL = (3 + 273)/ (25 + 273) – (3+273) =12.54
the compressor wor. QL= COP x W = 12.54 x 2(60) = 1504.8 kJ/min
A. 50.15KW B. 50.35KW *C.50.25KW D. 50.45KW A household refrigerator with EER 8.0 removes heat from the refrigerated space at a rate of
Solution: 90 kJ/min. Determine the rate of heat transfer to the kitchen air.
Wnet= WT + WP A.101.25 kJ/min B.63.05 kJ/min *C.128.46 kJ/min
BW= WP / WT D.80 kJ/min
0.005 =WP / WT Solution:
WP= 0.005WT COP= EER /3.412 = 8/ 3.412 = 2.34
Wnet= WT - WP COP= QL /QH – QL = 2.34 = 90 / QH – 90
10,000 = WT – 0.005WT QH=128.46Kj/min
WT= 10,050.25 KW An air-conditioning system is used to maintain a house at 75OF when the temperature
WC= 0.005(10,050.25) = 50.25KW outside is 95OF. The house is gaining heat through the walls and windows at a rate of 1250
A heat engine receives heat from a source at 1200oK at a rate of 500KJ/s and rejects the Btu/min, and the heat generation rate within the house from people, lights and appliances
waste heat to a sink at 300oK. If the power output of the engine is 200KW, the second law amounts to 350 Btu/min. Determine the minimum power input required for this air-
efficiency of the heat engine is: conditioning system.
A.35% B.40% *C.53% D.75% A.10.06 hp B.1.36 hp *C.1.41 hp D.7.94 hp
Solution:
ea= 200/500 = 0.40
 Solution: A Freon 22 air conditioning under standard operating conditions of 35OC is condensing and
QL= 1250 + 350 = 1600 Btu/min 5OC evaporating temperatures. The volume flow rate entering the compressor is 23.72 L/s.
COP= TL / TH – TL= (75 + 460)/(95 + 460) - (75+460) = 26.75 determine the refrigerating capacity if the refrigerating effect is 164 kJ/kg. From the table for
W= QL /COP = (1600 / 26.75) / 42.4 = 1.41 hp R22 the specific volume at the compressor entrance is 40.36L/kg.
A refrigeration system is to cool bread loaves with an average mass of 450 g from 22OC to A.393.3 TR B.79.3 TR C.96.4 TR *D.27.4 TR
-10OC at a rate of 500 loaves per hour by refrigerated air. Taking the average specific and Solution:
latent heats of bread to be 2.93 kJ/kg, OC and 109.3 kJ/kg, respectively, determine the m= V1/v1= 23.72 / 40.36 = 0.5877 kg/s
product load. Qe= m (qe) = 0.5877 (164)/ 3.52 = 27.4 TR
A.541.7 kJ/min B.351.6 Kj/min *C.761.5 kJ/min
D.409.9 kJ/min
Solution:
Mbread= (500 breads/h) (0.45 kg / bread) = 225 kg/h
Qtotal= Qbread + Qfreezing The refrigerant volume flow rate at the entrance of compressor were obtained from a test on
= (mcp∆T)breadl (mhlatent)bread = (225)(2.93)[22-(-10)] l (225)(109.3) a twin cylinder single acting 15 cm x 20 cm, 320 rpm compressor ammonia refrigerating plant
Qtotal= 45,688.5 kJ/h = 761.5 kJ/min 33 L/s. Determine the volumetric efficiency of the compressor.
A house that was heated by electric resistance heaters consumed 1200 kWh of electric A.77.65% *B.87.6% C.97.6 TR D.65.65%
energy in a winter month. If this house were heated instead by a heat pump that has an Solution:
average performance factor, PF of 2.4, determine how much money the homeowner would VD = (π D2 L/4) N= (π /4) (0.15)2(0.2) (320) (2) = 2.26 m3/min
be saved that month. Assume a price of 0.085$/kWh for electricity. nv =V1/VD = 33/2.26 (1000/60) = 0.876 or 87.6 %
A. $42.5 *B. $59.50 C.$109 D.$97.75
Solution: A twin cylinder ammonia compressor with volume displacement of 14,726 cm3 operates at
W= QH/PF = 1200kWh / 2.4 = 500 kWh 300 rpm. Condenser and evaporator pressure are 1200 kPa and 227 kPa respectively. Specific
$ Savings per month = (1200 – 500) (0.085) = $59.50 volume of refrigerant at the entrance of compressor is 528.26 L/kg. Compression process is
An ammonia simple saturation cycle operates with a suction pressure of 291.6 kPa and a polytrophic with a 1.20 and clearance factor of compressor is 2%. Determine horsepower
condenser pressure of 1204 kPa develops 15 tons of refrigeration. Determine the theoretical required.
horsepower of the compressor. A.60hp B.70hp C.80hp D.90hp
The following enthalpies have been found: condenser entrance = 1653 kJ/kg, exit Solution:
=346.6 kJ/kg, compressor entrance = 1450.2 kJ/kg, exit= 1653kJ/kg. nv= 1+c-c(p2/p1)1/n= 1 + 0.02 – 0.02(1200/227)1.20= 0.8725
A.7.23 hp *B.13 hp C. 15 hp D.8.23 VD= (π D2 L/4) N= (0.014726) (320) (2) = 9.424 m3/min
hp V1= (nv) VD- (0.8725) (9.424) - 8.2224 m3/min
Solution: W= (n p1 V1 /1-n) [(p2/p1) n-1/n-1]
m= Qe/ (h1 – h4) = (15 x 3.52) / (1450.2 – 346.6) = 0.0478 kg/s = [(1.20 x 2.27 x 8.2224)/ (1-1.20)] [(1200/2.27)1.2-1/1.2 -1] = 3582 kJ/min
W= m (h2 – h1) = (0.0478)(1653 – 1450.2) / 0.746 = 13 hp W= 3582/ (60) (0.746) = 80 hp
An ammonia ice plant operates between a condenser temperature of 35OC and evaporator of
-15OC. It produces 10 metric tons of ice per day from water at 30OC to ice at -5OC. Assuming A reversed Carnot cycle has a refrigerating COP of 2.5. Determine the ratio TH/TL?
simple saturation cycle, determine the horsepower of the motor if the adiabatic efficiency of A.1.4 B.1.5 C.1.25 D.1.2
the compressor ηc=0.85 and mechanical efficiency ηm=0.95. The specific heat of ice is Solution:
2,094kJ/kg. OC and the latent heat is 335kJ/kg. COP= TH/ (TH-TL)
From the table for ammonia the following enthalpies are: condenser entrance = 1703 kJ/kg, 1/COP = (TH-TL)/TL= TH/TL-1
exit= 366.1 kJ/kg; compressor entrance= 1443.9kJ/kg, exit = 1703kJ/kg TH/TL =1 + 1/COP =1 +1/2.5 =1.4
A.17.68 hp B.18.61 hp C.15.5 hp *D.21.9 hp
Solution: Three thousand cubic feet per minute of air are circulated over an air-cooled condenser. If the
qe=cpa (te – tf) lhlatentlcph(tf – ts) load on the condenser is 64,800 Btu/hr, compute the temperature rise of the air passing over
= (4.187) (30 – 0) + 335 + (2.094) [(0- (-5)] = 471.08 kJ/kg the condenser. Specific volume of standard air (13.34ft3/lb)
Qe= (10 x 1000) (471.08) / 24 = 196,283.33 kJ/hr= 54.523kJ/s A.10OF B.15OF C.20OF D.25OF
m= Qe / (h2 – h4) = (54.523)/ (1443.9 – 366.1) = 0.05059kg/s Solution:
W= m (h2 – h1) = (0.0509) (1703 – 1443.9)/ 0.746 = 17.68 hp Qc= m c ∆t
Wmotor= 17.68 / (0.85) (0.95) =21.9 hp ∆t = Qc/ m c = 64,800/ [3000 (60) / (13.34)] (0.24) = 20OF
Saturated vapor ammonia at -16OC (h1 = 1442.60 kJ/kg) leaves the evaporator and enters the cooling. If the high-loop temperature requires 10.12 kW compressor power and low-loop
compressor at -6OC (h1 = 1465kJ/kg. The refrigerant leaves the condenser as saturated liquid 15.93 kW, determine the COP of the system.
at 40OC (h4= 390.6 kJ/kg) and enter the expansion valve at 35OC (h5 =366.1kJ/kg). Heat A.2.027 B.5.22TR C.3.314TR D.9.1TR
rejected from the compressor amount to 50kW. The work to compressor is 208kJ/kg, while Solution:
the heat loss from compressor is 33kJ/kg. If 95kJ/kg of heat are lost in the piping between the Wtotal= 10.12 + 15.93 = 26.05 kW
compressor discharge and condenser inlet, determine the refrigerating capacity of the COP = 15 (3.52) /26.05 = 2.027
system.
A.49.5 TR B.46.61 TR C.12.88 TR D.13.24 TR When a man returns to his well-sealed house on a summer day, he finds that the house is at
Solution: 32OC. He turns on the air conditioner, which cools the entire house to 20OC in 15min. If the
Solving for the enthalpy at the exit of compressor using energy balance about the COP of the air-conditioner system is 2.5, determine the power drawn by the air conditioners.
compressor Assume the entire mass within the house is equivalent to 800 kg of air for which c= 0.72kJ/kg
h2 = h1 + w - qwc = 1465 + 208 – 33= 1640 kJ/kg OC
Solving for the enthalpy at the entrance of condenser using energy balance about A.7.68Kw B.3.07kW C.19.2kW D.12.03kW
piping from compressor exit to condenser entrance Solution:
h3= h2 – q2-3= 1640 – 95 = 1545kJ/kg Qe = m c (t1 – t2) / ∆time = (800) (0.72) (32 – 20) / (15 x 60) = 7.68kW
Solving for heat rejected in condenser using energy balance about the condenser W= Qe / COP = 7.68 / 2.5 = 3.07kW
qc = h3 – h4 = 1545 – 390.6 = 1154.4kJ/kg
m = Qc/qc = 50/1154.4 = 0.0433kg/s It is desired to double the COP of a reversed Carnot engine for cooling from 5.0 by raising the
Solving for refrigerating effect using energy balance about the evaporator h5 – h4 = temperature of the heat addition while keeping the temperature of the heat rejection
366.1kJ/kg constant. By what percentage must the temperature of heat addition be raised?
A.10.1% B.9.1% C.8.1% D.7.1%
qe= h1 – h5 = 1442.6 – 366.1 = 1076.5kJ/kg Solution:
Therefore, the refrigerating capacity Percent increase of the temperature = (TL – TL) TL = TL / TL – 1 of heat addition
Qe= m qe = [(0.0433) (1076.5)] / 3.52 = 13.24 TR Original COP: 5 = TL / (TH – TL); (TH – TL) TL = 1/5; TH / TL -1 = 1/5 = 02; TH / TL = 1.2
eq.1
An actual refrigerating cycle using R12 as working fluid, the refrigerant flow rate is 0.05 kg/s. Doubling the COP:
Vapor enters the expansion valve at 1.15 MPa, 40OC (h = 238.5kJ/kg) and leaves the 10 = TL / (TH – TL); (TH – TL) TL = 1/10; TH / TL – 1 =1/10 = 0.1; TH/TL=1.1
evaporator at 175 kPa, -15OC (h = 345kJ/kg). The electric input to motor driving the Dividing eq.1 and eq.2:
compressor is measured and found 3.0 kW. Motor efficiency at this load is 92% and (TH/TL) (TH/TL) = 1.2 / 1.1 = 1.091
mechanical efficiency 82%. Determine the actual coefficient of performance for this cycle. Percent Increase of heat addition = 1.091 – 1 = 0.091 or 9.1%
A.1.58 B.2.36 C.1.78 D.1.34 An ammonia water-cooled compressor receives the refrigerant at specific volume 62 L/kg. It
Solution: has a piston displacement rate of 3m3/min. If a squirrel cage motor is running at 1200 rpm
Qe= (0.05) (345 - 238.5) = 5.325kW drives the compressor and average piston speed is 490m/min, calculate size of cylinder bore.
W = (3) (0.92) (0.82) = 2.26kW A.20.4 cm B.26.0 cm C.16.13 cm D.13.6 cm
COPactual= 5.325 / 2.26 = 2.36 Solution:
Piston speed = 2LN = 490 = 2(L) (1200); L= 0.204 m = 20.4 cm
An ammonia refrigeration system the temperature in the evaporator is -12OC and the Vp = (π D2 L/4) N = (π/4) D2 (0.204) (1200) =5
ammonia at the evaporator entry is 0.1511 dry while at exit is 0.95 dry. If the rate of D = 0.1613m = 16.13cm
ammonia circulation is 5.64 kg/min, determine the refrigerating capacity of the system. If the initial volume of an ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume and to twice
Enthalpy of saturated liquid and vapor at -12OC is 144.929kJ/kg and 1447.74kJ/kg its temperature, the pressure:
respectively. A. Doubles B. Quadruples C. Remains constant D. Halves
A.17.82 B.34.82TR C.27.82TR D.4.82TR Solution:
Solution: P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
h4= hf4 + x4 (hg4 – hf4) = 144.929 + (0.1511) (1447.74 – 144.929) = 341.78 P1V1/T1= P2 (1/2 V1) / (2T1)
h1= hf1 + x1 (hg1 – hf1) = 144.929 + (0.95) (1447.74 – 144.929) = 1382.6kJ/kg P2 = 4 P1
Qe = m (h1 – h4) = (5.64) (1382.6 – 341.78) / 211 = 27.82 TR If the gage pressure of a medium is 30kPa (vacuum) and the atmospheric pressure is
101.3kPa, the absolute pressure will be:
A two stage cascade vapor compression refrigeration system uses ammonia in the low- A.131.3kPa B.-71.3kPa C.71.3kPa D.-131.3kPa
temperature loop and R-12 in the high-temperature loop. The ammonia provides 15 tons Solution:
 Pabs = Patm - Pvac A.90 B.100 C.103 D110
= 101.3kPa - 30kPa = 71.3kPa Solution:
If a particle has a velocity of 4 meters per second and a kinetic energy of 144 Joules, then the P= 750 mm Hg (101.325 kPa/ 760 mm Hg)
mass, in kilograms of this particle must be: = 99.99 kPa
A.44 B.16 C.18 D.24 A double purpose tank 18 ft wide, 24 ft long and 4 ft depth is filled with water. What is the
Solution: weight of water in the tank in long tons?
KE = (1/2) (m) (V2) / 2k A.49tons B.48tons C.54tons D.50tons
144 – (1/2) (m) (4)2 / [(2) (1)] Solution:
m = 18kg W = (62.4 lb/ft2) [(18) (24)(4)] ft3 = 107,827.2 lbf
A condenser vacuum gauge reads 715 mm Hg when the barometer stands at 757 mm Hg. = 107,827.2 lb (1ton/ 2200 lb) = 49tons
State the absolute pressure in the condenser in kN/m or kPa.
A.5.6kPa B.5.9kPa C.6.5kPa D.5.2kPa Oil flow through a 16 tubes on a single cooler with a velocity of 2 m/s, the internal diameter
Solution: of the tube is 30mm and oil density is 0.85gm/ml. Find the volume flow in liters per sec.
Pabs = Patm – Pvac = 757 – 715 = 42 mm Hg (101.325kPa/760 mm Hg) = 5.60kPa A.22.62 B.32.22 C. 62.22 D.42.62
Determine the force in Newton in a piston of 465 mm2 area with a pressure of 0.172MPa. Solution:
A.65N B.72N C.80N D.111 Volume flow rate = (3.1416) (0.015)2 (2) (16) = 0.02262 m3/s or 22.62 liters/s
Solution:
F= PA – (0.172MPa) (105 Pa/MPa) (465 mm2) (m2 / 105 mm2) A substance temperature was 620OR. What is the temperature in OC?
F = 79.98N A.50.7 B.45.54 C.71.11 D.94.44
One piston of a hydraulic press has an area of 1cm2. The other piston has an area of 25cm2. If Solution:
a force of 130N is applied on the smaller piston, what will be the total force on the larger T, OC = [(620 – 460) – 32] (5/9) = 71.11
piston is both piston surfaces are the same level?
A.6N B.175N C.3750N D.4250N Unknown volume of container gas of gas of 1 atmosphere is allowed to expand to another
Solution: container of 10 m3 volume at 500 mm Hg at constant temperature. Find the unknown
F1/A1 = F2/A2 volume.
(150/1) = (F2/ 25) A.6.58 m3 B.6.75 m3 C.5.67 m3 D.7.65 m3
F2 = 3750N Solution:
If the pressure of a confined gas at a constant temperature is tripled, what will happen to the P1V1 – P2V2
volume? (760) V1 = (500) (10)
A. The volume will be tripled B. The volume will V1= 6.58 m3
remain
C. The volume will be reduced to one-third of its original value D. The volume is An iron block weighs 5 Newton and has volume of 200 cm3. What is the density of the block?
constant A. 2458kg/m3 B. 2485 kg/m3 C. 2584 kg/m3 D. 2549 kg/m3
Solution: Solution:
P1V1 = P2V2 Density = specific weight [at sea level or near the surface of the earth]
P1V1 = (3P1) V2 = (5N/200 cm) (10 cm3/m3) (1kg/9.8066N) = 2549.30 kg/m3
V2 = (1/3) V1
If air is at a pressure of 22.22 psia and at temperature of 800 OR, what is the specific volume?
The work done on air is 10.86kJ/kg, determine the compressor power if it is receiving 272 A.11.3 ft3/lbm B.33.1 ft3/lbm C.13.3 ft3/lbm D.31.3 ft3/lbm
kg/min if air. Solution:
A.36.72 hp B.49.23 hp C. 29.54 hp D.66 hp Pv = RT
Solution: v = (53.34) (800) / [(22.22) (144)] = 13.33 ft3/lbm
W= (10.86) (272.60) = 49.232 kJ/s or kW
= 49.232 kW (1 hp/ 0.746kW) = 65.99 hp The specific gravity of mercury is 13.55. What is the specific weight of mercury?
A water tank of 18 ft long and 4 ft high, calculate the pressure at the bottom of the tank. A.123.9 kN/m3 B.139.2 kN/m3 C.139.9 kN/m3
A.1.733psi B.1.999psi C.2.337psi D.3.773psi D.193.2 kN/m3
Solution: Solution:
P= (62.4 lbf/ft3) (4ft) (1ft2 / 144 in2) = 1.733psi ? = (13.55) (9.8066) = 132.88 kN/m3
The pressure of 750 mm Hg in kN/m2
The equivalent weight of mass 10 kg at a location where the acceleration of gravity is 9.77 A.5.98 g B.6.43 g C.4.63 g
m/sec2 D.3.83 g
A. 97.7N B.79.7N C.77.9N Solution:
D.977N m = rv/RT = [(551.43) (600)/ (102)] / [(0.18896) (20+273)] = 0.00598 kg or 5.98 g
Solution:
Weight = mg/k = [(10) (9.77)] /1 =97.7N Is the most common dryer used which consist of rotating cylinder inside which the materials
A transportation company specializes in the shipment of pressurized gaseous materials. An flow while getting in contact with hot gas.
order is received from 100 liters of a particular gas at STP (32OF and 1 atm). What minimum A. Tower dryer B. Centrifugal dryer C. Tray dryer D.
volume tank is necessary to transport the gas at 80OF and maximum pressure of 8 atm? Rotary dryer
A.16 liters B.14 liters C.10 liters D.12 liters ANSWER: D
Solution: Is the ratio of the mass water-vapor in air and the mass of air if it is saturated is called:
P1V1/ T1 = P2V2/ T2 A. Humidity ratio B. Mass ratio C. Vapor ratio D. Relative humidity
[(1) (100)/ (32 + 460)] / [(8) (V2)/ (80 + 460) ANSWER: D
V2 = 13.72 liters The hands feel painfully cold when the skin temperature reaches:
100 g of water are mixed with 150 g of alcohol (density = 790 kg/m3). What is the specific A.8OC B.10OC C.12OC D.14OC
volume of the resulting mixtures, assuming that the fluids mixed completely? ANSWER: B
A.0.82x10-3 cu.m/kg B.0.88x10-3 cu.m/kg C.0.63x10-3 cu.m/kg D.1.16x10-3 cu.m/kg The refrigerant used in steam jet cooling is:
Solution: A. Steam B.R-11 C. Ammonia D. Water
Mass of mixtures = 100 + 150 =250 g ANSWER: D
Volume of mixture = [(0.100) / (1000)] + [(0.150)/ (790)] = 0.00029 m3 The total heat of the air is a function of
Specific volume of mixture = (0.00029)/ (0.250) = 1.16x10-3 cu.m/kg A. WB temperature B.DP temperature C.DB temperature D.WB
How much does 30 lbm weigh on the moon? (gmoon = 5.47 ft/s2 depression
A.20 lbr B.3.2 lbr C.3.4 lbr ANSWER: A
D.5.096 lbr Boiling point of Freon-12 at atmospheric pressure is:
Solution: A. 21OF B.15OF C.5OF D.28OF
Weight = mg/k = {[(30) (5.42)]/32.174} = 5.1 lbf ANSWER: A
A 10 kg block is raised vertically 3 meters. What is the change in potential energy? Which of the following is NOT a type of water cooled condenser in refrigeration?
A.320 J B.350 kg-m2/s2 C.294 J D.350 A. Double pipe B. Double shell C. Shell and coilD. Shell and tube
N-m ANSWER: B
Solution: Component of absorption refrigeration system in which the solution is cooled by cooling
PE = mgs/k = {[(10) (9.8066) (3)]/1} = 294.2 J water:
How many cubic meters is 100 gallons of liquid? A. Rectifier B. Generator C. Evaporator D. Absorber
A.3.7850 cu.m B.0.1638 cu.m C.0.3785 cu.m D.1.638 cu.m ANSWER: D
Solution: Cascade refrigeration cycle is often used in industrial process where objects must be cooled
100gal (785 liters/gal) (1m3/1000 liters) = 0.3785 m3 to temperature below:
Steam turbine is receiving 1014 lbm/hr of steam, determine the horsepower output of the A. -46OC B. -56OC C. -66OC D. -76OC
turbine if the work done by steam is 251 Btu/lbm ANSWER: A
A.100 hp B.462.7 hp C.200 hp D.6002.7 hp Type of refrigerant control designed to maintain a pressure difference while the compressor is
Solution: operating.
W= (251 Btu/lbm) (1014 lbm/hr) 1hp/2545 Btu/hr) = 100 hp A. Thermostatic expansion valve B. Automatic expansion valve C. Using low side float
What is the resulting pressure when one pound of air at 15 psia and 200OF is heated at flooded system D. Capillary tube
constant volume to 800OF? ANSWER: D
A.52.1 psia B.15 psia C.28.6 psia D.36.4 psia As a rule of thumb, for a specified amount of compressed air, the power consumption of the
Solution: compressor decreased by ______ for each 3OC drop in the temperature inlet air to the
P1/T1 = P2/T2 compressor.
P2 = [(800+460) / (200+460)] (15) = 28.64 psia A. 1% B. 1.5% C. 2% D. 2.5%
A bicycle tire has a volume of 600 cm3. It is inflated with carbon dioxide to pressure of ANSWER: A
551.43kPa at 20OC. How many grams of CO2 are contained in the tire? Rcoz = 0.18896 Modern way of detecting air compressor leak is by using
kJ/kg.K
 A. Soup and water B. Air leak detector C. Acoustic leak detector D. Ammonia leak A. Suction and discharge stroke B. Power and exhaust stroke C. Compression and power
detector stroke
ANSWER: C D. Suction and exhaust stroke
For foundation of stacks, the maximum pressure on the soil is equal to the pressure due to ANSWER C
the weight and the . A type of geothermal plant used when there is a presence of brine extracted from underground
A. Soil movement B. Wind movement C. Ground movement D. Engine A. Dry geothermal plant B. Double-flesh geothermal plant C.Single-flash geothermal
movement plant
ANSWER: B D. Binary geothermal plant
Foundation bolts of specified size should be used and surrounded by a pipe sleeve with an ANSWER D
inside diameter of at least Is the most important safety device on the power boiler
A. 3 times the diameter of engine bolt B. 3 times the diameter of anchor bolt A. Check valve
C. 2 times the diameter of engine bolt D. 2 times the diameter of anchor bolt B. Gate valve
C. Safety valve
ANSWER: B
D. Globe valve
For multi stage compression of an ideal Brayton cycle, the backwork ratio will
ANSWER C
A. Increase B. Decrease C. Remain the same D. none of
During hydrostatic test, the safety valves should be
these
A. Removed
ANSWER: B B. Open
Type of turbine that has a specific speed below 5 C. Closed
A. Impulse turbine B. Propeller turbine C. Francis turbine D. Deriaz D. Partially closed
turbine ANSWER A
ANSWER: A Where deaerating heaters are not employed, it is recommended that the temperature of the
A high discharge type of turbine feed less than
A. Impulse turbine B. Francis turbine C. Propeller turbine D. A. 197°C
Deriaz turbine B. 102°C
ANSWER: C C. 104°C
Use to minimize the speed rise due to a sudden load rejection D. 106°C
A. needle valve B. wicket gate C. Shut-off valve D. jet ANSWER A
deflector Is a reaction during which chemical energy is released in the form of heat?
ANSWER: D A. Cosmic reaction. B.Ethnic reaction C.Endothermic reaction D.Exothermic
Is the speed of a turbine when the head on the turbine is one meter? reaction
A. specific speed B. rated speed C. utilized speed D. unit ANSWER D
speed By reheating the steam in an ideal Rankine cycle the heat rejected will:
ANSWER: D A. Increase B. Decrease C. Remains the same D. None of these above
ANSWER A
Is a fluid property which refers to the intermolecular attraction by which the separate By increasing the boiler pressure in Rankine cycle the moisture content at boiler exit will:
particles of the fluid arc held together? A. Increase
A. Cohesion B. Adhesion C. Surface tension D. B. Decrease
hypertension C. Remains the same
ANSWER: A D. None of these above
ANSWER A
Which of the following is NOT the cause of black smoke in diesel engine? Presently the highest steam temperature allowed at the turbine inlet is about
A. fuel valve open too long B. high compression pressure C. carbon in exhaust pipe A. 40°C
D. overload on engine B.5 20°C
C.6 20°C
Which of the following is not a method of starting a diesel engine? D. 020°C
A. Manual rope, crank and kick B.Electric (battery) C. Compressed air D. Using ANSWER C
another generator The most common gases employed in Stirling and Ericsson cycles are:
ANSWER D A. Air and helium B. Oxygen and helium C. Hydrogen and helium D. Nitrogen
Two-stroke engine performs to complete one cycle and helium
ANSWER C
In most common designs of Gas turbine, the pressure ratio ranges from A. Suspension
A. 10 to 12 B. Compound reaction
B. 11 to 16 C. Blends
C. 12 to 18 D. Mixing of refrigerants
D. 15 to 20 ANSWER C
ANSWER B Pairs of mating stop valves that allow sections of a system to be joined before opening these
In Brayton cycle, the heat is transformed during what process? valves or separated after closing them
A. Check valve
A. constant temperature B. Gate valve
B. sentropic process C. Safety valve
C .isobaric process D. Companion valve
D.isochoric process ANSWER D
ANSWER C An enclosed passageway that limits travel to a single path
The fuel injection process in diesel engine starts when piston A. Corridor
A. Is at the TDC B. Hallway
B. Leaving TDC C. Lobby
C. Approaches TDC D. Tunnel
D. Halfway of the stroke ANSWER A
ANSWER C For Immediate Dangerous to Life or Health (IDHL) the maximum concentration from which
If the cut-off ratio of diesel cycle increases, the cycle efficiency will unprotected persons have time to escape within without escape-impairing symptoms or
A. Decrease irreversible health
B. Increase A. 16 minutes
C. Remains the same B. 1 minute
D. None of these C. 20 minutes
ANSWER A D. 30 minutes
The fuel used in a power plant that is used during peak periods ANSWER D
A. Gas The volume as determined from internal dimensions of the container with no allowance for the
B. Solid volume of internal parts
C. Liquid A. Internal allowance volume
D. None of these B. Internal gross volume
ANSWER C C. Internal interference volume
Typical compression ratio of Otto cycle is D. Internal fots volume
A. 6 ANSWER B
B. 8 A waiting room or large hallway serving as a waiting room
C. 10 A. Terrace
D. 12 B. Test room
ANSWER B C. Compound room
If Joule Thompson coefficient is equal to zero, then the process will become D. Lobby
A. Isentropic ANSWER D
B. Isenthalpic A continuous and unobstructed path of travel from any in a building or structure to a public
C. Isobaric way
D. Isothermal A. Average of aggress
ANSWER D B. Mean o aggress
If the fluid passed through a nozzle its entropy will: C. Hallway of aggress
A. Increase D. Pathway of aggress
B. Decrease ANSWER B
C. Remains the same Any device or portion of the equipment used to increase refrigerant pressure
D. None of these A. Pressure relief device
ANSWER C B. Pressure imposing element
Refrigerants consisting of mixtures of two or more different chemical compounds, often used C. Pressure lift device
individually as refrigerants for other applications D. Pressure limiting device
ANSWER B D. Carbon dioxide
The quantity of refrigerant stored at some point is the refrigeration system for operational, ANSWER D
service, or standby purposes Refrigerant number R-1150 is:
A. Pressure vessel A. Propylene
B. Pumpdown charge B. Ethane
C. Liquid receiver C. Ethane
D. Accumulator D. Methyl formale
ANSWER B ANSWER B
Secondary refrigerant is a liquid used for the transmission of heat, without a change of state, Refrigerant number R-40 is:
and having no flash point or a flash point above as determined from ASTM A. Chlorodifluoromethane
A. 150°F B. 160°F C. 180°F D. 200°F B. Difluoromethane
ANSWER A C. Ammonia
A service valve for dual pressure-relief devices that allows using one device while isolating D. Chloromethane
the other from the system maintaining one valve in operation at all times ANSWER D
A. Three-way valve When the air duct system serves several enclosed spaces, the permissible quantity of
B. Two-way valve refrigerant in the system shall not exceed the amount determined by using the total volume of
C. One-way valve those spaces in which the airflow cannot be reduced to less than of its maximum
D. Four-way valve when the fan is operating
ANSWER A A. One-quarter
Tubing that is unenclosed and therefore exposed to crhsing, abrasion, puncture, or similar B. One half-quarter
damage after installation C. Three-quarter
A. Protected tubing D. One fourth-quarter
B. Bare tubing ANSWER A
C. Open tubing The space above a suspended ceiling shall not be include 1 in calculating the permissible
D. Unprotected tubing quantity of refrigerant in the system unless such space is continuous and is part of the air
ANSWER D return system
Refers to blends compromising multiple components of different volatile that, when used in A. Partition
refrigeration cycles, change volumetric composition and saturation temperature as they B. Plenum
evaporate (boil) or condense at constant pressure C. Separator
A. Zeoline D. Plate divider
B. Blending ANSWER B
C. Composition Which of the following is NOT a possible location of service valve?
D. Zertropic A. Suction of compressor
ANSWER D B. Discharge of compressor
Is a premises or that portion of a premise from which, because they are disabled, debilitated, C. Outlet of liquid receiver
or confined, cooperate cannot readily leave without the assistance of others D. Outlet of condenser
A. Institutional occupancy ANSWER D
B. Public assembly occupancy A cool to serve with evaporator that is use to prevent the liquid refrigerant entering the
C. Residential occupancy compressore
D. Commercial occupancy A. Accumulator
ANSWER A B. Liquid superheater
Is one in which a secondary coolant is in direct contact with the air or other substance to be C. Drier loop
cooled or heated D. Liquid suction heat exchanger
A. Double indirect open spray system ANSWER C
B. Indirect closed system A type of valve connected from discharge of compressore directly to suction that is normally
C. Indirect open spray system closed and will open automatically only if there is high discharge pressure
D. Indirect vented closed system A. Check valve
ANSWER B B. Solenoid valve
Refrigerant number R-744 is: C. King valve
A. Butane D. Relief valve
B. Carbon monoxide ANSWER B
C. Propane
Use to increase the capacity of condenser B. Automatic expansion valve
A. Water regulating valve C. Capillary tube
B. Desuperheating coils D. High side float
C. Liquid-suction heat exchanger ANSWER C
D. Condenser heating coils Type of condenser that operates like cooling tower
ANSWER B A. Air-cooled condenser
Is use to subcooled the refrigerant from the condenser B. Evaporative condenser
A. Liquid subcooler C. Shell and tube condenser
B. Condenser subcooler D. Water-cooled condenser
C. Desuperheating coils ANSWER B
D. Liquid receiver The major problem of heat pump is
ANSWER A A. Refrigerant used
Which of the following is NOT a part of low pressure side in refrigeration system? B. Outside air
A. Liquid line C. Supply air
B. Refrigerant flow control D. Frosting
C. Evaporator ANSWER D
D. Suction line Dominant refrigerant used in commercial refrigeration system
ANSWER A A. R-11
Which of the following is NOT a part of high pressure side in refrigeration system? B. R-22
A. Compressor C. R-12
B. Condenser D. R-502
C. Liquid line ANSWER D
D. Suction line Cascade refrigeration system are connected in
ANSWER D A. Series
Which of the following is NOT a part of condensing unit? B. Parallel
A. Compressor C. Series-parallel
B. Discharge line D. Parallel-series
C. Condenser ANSWER A
D. Liquid line Is use to heat up the solution partially before entering the generator in absorption refrigeration
ANSWER D system
By subcooling the refrigerant in refrigerant system, the compressor power per unit mass will A. Rectifier
A. Increase B. Absorber
B. Decrease C. Regenerator
C. Remains the same D. Pump
D. None of these ANSWER C
ANSWER C The COP of actual absorption refrigeration system is usually
Superheating the refrigerant in refrigeration system without useful cooling, the refrigeration A. Less than 1
effect per unit mass will B. Less than 2
A. Increase C. Less than 3
B. Decrease D. Less than 4
C. Remains the same ANSWER A
D. None of these Sight glass is often located at:
ANSWER C A. Discharge line
Which of the following is NOT a type of air-cooled condenser? B. Liquid line
A. Shell and tube C. Between condenser and liquid receiver
B. Natural draft D. Suction line
C. Forced draft ANSWER B
D. Induced draft Use to detects a vibration in current caused by the ionization of decomposed refrigerant
ANSWER A between two opposite-charged platinum electrodes
A type of refrigerant control typically used in household refrigeration A. Electronic detector
A. Thermostatic expansion valve B. Halide torch
 C. Bubble method ANSWER B
D. Pressurizing Liquid receivers, if used, or parts of a system designed to receive the refrigerant charge during
ANSWER B pumpdown charge. The liquid shall not occupy more than of the volume when
Joints and all refrigerants containing parts of a refrigerating system located in an air duct temperature of the refrigerant is 90°F
carrying conditioned air to and from an occupied space shall be constructed to withstand a A. 80%
temperature of without leakage into the airstream B. 85%
A. 550°F C. 90%
B. 600°F D. 95%
C. 650°F ANSWER C
D. 700°F
ANSWER D The discharge line (B4) shall be vented to the atmosphere through a fitted to its upper
Refrigerant piping crossing an open space that affords passageway in any building shall be extremity
less than_________ above the floor unless the piping is located against the ceiling of such
space and is permitted by the authority having jurisdiction A. Nozzle
A. 2.2 m B. Convergent-divergent nozzle
B. 3.2 m C. Pipe
C. 4.2 m D. Diffuser
D. 5.2 m ANSWER D
ANSWER A
Convert fossil fuels into shaft work
Methyl chloride shall not be in contact with
A. Aluminum A. Nuclear power plant
B. Zinc B. Gas turbine power plant
C. Magnesium C. Dendrothermal power plant
D. All of these D. Thermal power plant
ANSWER D ANSWER D
Shall not be in contact with any halogenated refrigerants
A. Aluminum Ultimate strength drops by 30% as steam temperature raises from for unalloyed steel
B. Zinc A. 300 to 400°C
C. Magnesium B. 400 to 500°C
D. All of these C. 600 to 700°C
ANSWER C D. 700 to 800 °C
Are suitable for use in ammonia system
A. Copper ANSWER B
B. Aluminum and its alloy Recent practice limits steam temperature to
C. Plastic
D. Cast iron A. 438°C
B. 538°C
ANSWER B
If a pressure-relief device is used to protect a pressure vessel having an inside dimension of 6 C. 638°C
D. 738°C
in or less, the ultimate strength of the pressure vessel so protected shall be sufficient to
withstand a pressure at least the design pressure ANSWER A
A. 2 times
In a closed feed water heater, the feed water pass through
B. 3 times
C. 4 times A. Inside the tube
D. 5 times B. Outside the tube
ANSWER B C. Inside the shell
Seats and discs shall be limited in distortion, by pressure or other cause, to a set pressure D. Outside the shell
change of not more than in a span of five years ANSWER A
A. 1%
B. 5% In use if extracted steam upon condensation gets subcooled
C. 10% A. Trap
D. 50% B. Deaerator
 C. Filter A. Mercury
D. Drain cooler B. Sodium
C. Potassium
ANSWER D
D. All of these
Needs only single pump regardless of number of heaters
ANSWER D
A. Open heater
critical temperature of mercury is
B. Closed heater
C. Mono heater A. 1160°C
D. Regenerative heater B. 1260°C
C. 1360°C
ANSWER B
D. 1460°C
Is also known as deaerator
ANSWER D
A. Open heater
Critical pressure of mercury is
B. Closed heater
C. Reheat heater A. 100 Mpa
D. Regenerative heater B. 108 Mpa
C. 128 Mpa
ANSWER A
D. 158 Mpa
Dissolve gases like makes water corrosive react with metal to form iron oxide
ANSWER B
A. O2 and N2
Method used in converting heat directly to electricity by magnetism
B. O2 and CO
C. O2 and CO2 A. Electronic induction
D. N2 and SO2 B. Magnetodynamic
C. Magnetohyrdodynamic
ANSWER C
D. Thermoelectric
A cycle typically used in paper mills, textile mills, chemical factories, sugar factories and rice
ANSWER C
mills
Which of the following is NOT a material used for thermoelectric elements
A. Cogeneration cycle
A. Bismuth telluride
B. Combined cycle
B. Lead telluride
C. By-product cycle
C. Zinc telluride
D. Cascading cycle
D. Germanium
ANSWER A
ANSWER C
When process steam is basic need and power is byproduct, this cycle is known as
A type of coal formed after anthracite
A. Cogeneration cycle
A. Lignite
B. Combined cycle
B. Bituminous
C. By-product cycle
C. pear
D. Cascading cycle
D. graphite
ANSWER C
ANSWER D
A type of turbine employed where steam continuously extracted for process heating
Which of the following is lowest grade of coal?
A. Back pressure turbine
A. Peat
B. Gas turbine
B. Lignite
C. Steam turbine
C. Sub-bituminous
D. Passout turbine
D. Bituminous
ANSWER D
ANSWER B
Which of the following is used for Binary cycle power generation for high temperature
Which of the following helps in the ignition of coal?
application
 A. Moisture A. Foot of the stack
B. Ash B. Top of the stack
C. Fixed carbon C. Exit of the preheater
D. Volatile matter D. Inlet of the preheater
ANSWER D ANSWER D
is the ratio of fixed carbon and volatile matter Known as drum less boiler
A. Air-fuel ratio A. La Mont boilers
B. Fuel ratio B. Fire tube boiler
C. Combustion ratio C. Forced circulation boiler
D. Carbon-volatile ratio D. Once-through boiler
ANSWER B ANSWER D
A suspension of a finely divide fluid in another Reduces the steam temperature by spraying low temperature water from boiler drum
A. Filtration A. Reheater
B. Floatation B. Preheater
C. Emulsion C. Desuperheater
D. Separation D. Superheater
ANSWER C ANSWER C
Contains 90% gasoline and 10% ethanol Carbon dioxide can be removed by:
A. Gasohol A. Deaeration
B. Gasonol B. Aeration
C. Gasothanol C. Evaporation
D. Gasethanol D. Vaporization
ANSWER A ANSWER B
Process used commercially in coal liquefaction Is often used to absorb silica from water
A. Tropsch process A. Sorbent
B. Fisher process B. Rectifier
C. Fisher-Tropsch process C. Silica gel
D. Mitch-Tropsch process D. Magnesium hydroxide
ANSWER C ANSWER D
Is an organic matter produced by plants in both land and water Presence of excess hydrogen ions makes the water
A. Bio-ethanol A. Acidic
B. Biomass B. Alkalinity
C. Petroleum C. Base
D. Biodegradable D. Hydroxicity
ANSWER B ANSWER A
In thermal power plant, induced draft fans are located at the PH of water varies with
A. Exit of furnace A. Pressure
B. Foot if the stack B. Temperature
C. Above the stock C. Density
D. Top of the stock D. Volume
ANSWER B ANSWER B
In thermal power plant, forced draft fans are installed at the Ph value of is usually maintained for boiler water to minimized corrosion
 A. 8.5 Oil is optimized either by air blast or pressure jet at about
B. 9.5
A. 60 bar
C. 10.5
B. 70 bar
D. 11.5
C. 80 bar
ANSWER C D. 90 bar
ANSWER B
What type of turbine that has a degree of reaction of ?
Type of solid injection that use single pump supplies fuel under high pressure to a fuel header
A. Impulsive turbine
B. Reaction turbine A. Common rail injection
C. Rarsons turbine B. Individual pump injection system
D. Deriaz turbine C. Distributor system
D. Single rail injection
ANSWER C
ANSWER A
The cooling water is made to fall in series of baffles to expose large surface area for steam fed
Water flow in diesel engine that is caused by density differential
from below to come in direct contact
A. Thermosiphon cooling
A. Spray condenser B. Thermostat cooling
B. Surface condenser C. Pressurized water cooling
C. Jet condenser D. Evaporating cooling
D. Barometric condenser
ANSWER A
ANSWER D
Type of lubrication system in diesel engine in which oil from pump is carried to a separate
Show the variation of river flow (discharge) with time
storage tank outside the engine cylinder and used for high capacity engine.
A. Hydrograph
B. Hyetograph A. Mist lubrication system
C. Mass curve B. Wet pump lubrication system
D. Flow duration curve C. Splash system
D. Dry sump lubrication system
ANSWER A
ANSWER D
Is an open channel erected on surface above the ground
Produces extreme pressure differentials and violent gas vibration
A. Canal
B. Tunnel A. Vibration
C. Penstock B. Detonation
D. Flume C. Explosion
D. Knocking
ANSWER D
ANSWER B
Type of turbine used up to 300 m head
In a spark ignition engine, the detonation occurs near the
A. Impulsive turbine
B. Francis turbine A. End of combustion
C. Propeller turbine B. Middle of combustion
D. Deriaz turbine C. Beginning of combustion
D. Beginning of interaction
ANSWER D
ANSWER A
A turbine that has a diagonal flow In a compression ignition engine, the detonation occurs near the
A. Impulsive turbine A. End of combustion
B. Francis turbine B. Middle of combustion
C. Propeller turbine C. Beginning of combustion
D. Deriaz turbine D. Beginning of interation
ANSWER C
ANSWER D Morse test is use to measure the of multi-cylinder engine
 A. Brake power B. Inertia forces
B. Indicated power C. Gravity forces
C. Friction power D. Surface tension force
D. Motor power ANSWER B
ANSWER B Tranquil flow must always occur
Ignition delay can be minimized by adding to decrease engine knocking A. Above the normal depth
A. Ethel ether B. Above the critical depth
B. Ethyl chloride C. Below the normal depth
C. Ethyl nitrate D. Below the critical depth
D. Ethyl oxide ANSWER B
ANSWER C Which of the following head loss coefficient among the following types of entrance?
For the submerged plane surface, the point on the surface where the resultant force acts is A. Bell mouth
called the B. Square edge
A. Center of buoyancy C. Reentrant
B. Center of gravity D. It depends
C. Center of pressure ANSWER C
D. Center of attraction What waste water treatment method involves of algae from stabilization pond effluents?
ANSWER C A. Sedimentation
At any point in fluid at rest, the pressure is the same in all direction. This principle is known B. Floatation
as: C. Filtration
A. Bernoulli Principle D. Microscreening
B. Archimedes Principle ANSWER D
C. Pascal’s Law The number of nozzles will depend on the quantity of steam required by the turbine. If nozzle
D. Torricelli’s Law occupy the entire arc of the ring, the turbine is said to have
ANSWER C A. Partially full peripheral admission
The hot-wire manometer is used to measure B. One-half full peripheral admission
A. Pressure in gases C. Maximum peripheral admission
B. Pressure in liquids D. Full peripheral admission
C. Wind velocities at airports ANSWER D
D. Gas velocities Tandem compound units may also have two low pressure castings that produces
ANSWER D A. Single flow
The pitot static tube measures B. Double flow
A. The static pressure C. Triple flow
B. The gage pressure D. Quadruple flow
C. The total pressure ANSWER C
D. The dynamic pressure A type of turbine used for driving pumps, fans, and other auxiliaries in power plant commonly
ANSWER A operate at exhaust pressure approximating atmospheric
The terminal velocity of a small sphere setting in a viscous fluid varies as the A. Tandem compound turbine
A. First power of its diameter B. Passout turbine
B. Inverse of fluid viscosity C. Cross-compound turbine
C. Inverse square of the diameter D. Back pressure turbine
D. Inverse of the diameter ANSWER D
ANSWER B A governor with 0% regulation is termed as:
Pressure drag results from A. Isochronous governor
A. Skin friction B. Synchronous governor
B. Deformation drag C. Isenchronous governor
C. Breakdown of potential flow near the forward stagnation point D. Isobarnous governor
D. Occurrence of wake ANSWER A
ANSWER A The speed of regulation for most turbine-generators is adjustable from
The pressure coefficient is the ratio of pressure forces to A. 2 to 6%
A. Viscous forces B. 4 to 8%
 C. 6 to 10 % A. Caisson
D. 8 to 12% B. Retaining wall
ANSWER A C. Coffer dam
Poppet valves of steam turbine are used for extraction pressures of D. Earth dam
A. 20 to 120 psig ANSWER C
B. 20 to 150 psig Which is not a physical characteristics of water?
C. 20 to 130 psig A. Total suspended and dissolved solids
D. 20 to 140 psig B. Turbidity
ANSWER B C. Color
When both bearings of steam engine are on one side of the connecting rod, the engine is D. Hardness
referred to as ANSWER D
A. Center-crank engine Which dam is best for weak foundation?
B. Side crank engine A. Gravity
C. Under crank engine B. Arch
D. Standard crank engine C. Buttress
ANSWER B D. Earth
When the valve in steam engine is in mid-position of its travel, it will cover the steam port by ANSWER C
an amount known as What is the volume of water which will drain freely the aquifer?
A. Steam lap A. Specific yield
B. Partial lap B. Reservoir yield
C. Full lap C. Safe yield
D. Angular lap D. Secondary yield
ANSWER A ANSWER A
A type of governor in steam engine that do not control the actual admission of steam to the What is the line defined by water level in a group of artesian walls?
cylinder but controls the pressure of the steam A. Water table
A. Flyball governor B. Peizometric surface
B. Variable cut-off governor C. Specific yield
C. Throttling governor D. All of the above
D. Shaft governor ANSWER B
ANSWER C Select the one that is positive indication of pollution of a river
By inter-cooling using two stage compressor of brayton cycle, the backward ratio will A. Acidity
A. Increase B. Oxygen content
B. Decrease C. Chloride content
C. Remains the same D. Nitrite content
D. None of these ANSWER C
ANSWER B Which instruments is used to measure humidity of the atmosphere continuously?
On dynamic similitude, the relation which represents the ratio of inertia force to pressure force A. Barograph
is B. Thermograph
A. Froude number C. Hydrograph
B. Cauchy number D. Thermo-hydrograph
C. Euler number ANSWER C
D. Raynolds number Entrance losses between tanks and pipe or losses through elbows, fittings and valves are
ANSWER C generally expresses as a function of
What is the maximum velocity in a sewer flowing full? A. Kinetic energy
A. 0.6 m/sec B. Pipe diameter
B. 0.9 m/sec C. Friction factor
C. 1.2 m/sec D. Volume flow rate
D. 1.8 m/sec ANSWER A
ANSWER A The air that contains no water vapor is called
A temporary structure constructed to exclude water from the site of the foundation during its A. Zero air
excavation and construction is called: B. Saturated air
 C. Dry air ANSWER C
D. Humid air Robert Boyle observed during his experiments with a vacuum chamber that the pressure of
ANSWER C gases is inversely proportional to their
In psychometric chart, the constant enthalpy lines coincide with constant temperature lines at A. Temperature
temperature B. Pressure
A. Above 50°C C. Volume
B. Below 40°C D. None of these
C. Below 50°C ANSWER C
D. Above 10°C Is energy in transition
ANSWER C A. Heat
The amount of moisture in air depends on its B. Work
A. Pressure C. Power
B. Volume D. None of these
C. Temperature ANSWER A
D. Humidity Is the mode of energy transfer between solid surface and the adjacent liquid or gas which is in
ANSWER C motion, and it involves combine effects of conduction and fluid motion
The deep body temperature of healthy person is maintained constant at A. Conduction
A. 27°C B. Convection
B. 37°C C. Radiation
C. 47°C D. None of these
D. 48°C ANSWER B
ANSWER B Radiation is usually considered as
Air motion also plays important role in A. Surface phenomenon
A. Surroundings B. Surface interaction
B. Cooling C. Surface corrosion
C. Human comfort D. None of these
D. None of these ANSWER A
ANSWER C Work is between the system and the surroundings
During simple heating and cooling process has a humidity ratio A. Work interaction
A. Increasing B. Energy interaction
B. Decreasing C. Heat interaction
C. Constant D. None of these
D. None of these ANSWER B
ANSWER C Is a process during which the system remains in equilibrium at all times
The follows a line of constant wet bulb temperature on the psychometric chart A. Quasi-equilibrium
A. Evaporative cooling process B. Static equilibrium
B. Condensing process C. Dynamic equilibrium
C. Direct cooling process D. None of these
D. None of these ANSWER A
ANSWER A In the absence of any work interactions between a system and its surroundings, the amount of
A vapor which is not about to condense is called a net heat transfer is equal
A. Mixture of vapor and liquid A. To the change in total energy of a closed system
B. Critical vapor B. To heat and work
C. Superheated vapor C. Energy interactions
D. None of these D. None of these
ANSWER C ANSWER A
Passing from the solid phase directly into vapor phase is called The constant volume and constant pressure specific heats are identical for
A. Condensation A. Compressible substance
B. Fusion B. Incompressible substance
C. Sublimation C. Compressible gas
D. None of these D. None of these
ANSWER B B. Enthalpy
The velocity of fluid is zero at the wall and maximum at the center because of the C. Internal energy
A. Velocity effect D. Mach number
B. Viscous effect ANSWER D
C. Temperature effect As the air passes through a nozzle, which of the following will decrease?
D. None of these A. Entropy
ANSWER B B. Velocity
For steady flow devices, the volume of the control volume is C. Internal energy
A. Increase D. Mach number
B. Decrease ANSWER C
C. Constant As the air passes through a diffuser, which of the following will increase?
D. None of these A. Density
ANSWER C B. Entropy
The work done in a turbine is since it is done by the fluid C. Mach number
A. Positive D. Velocity
B. Negative ANSWER A
C. Zero As the air passes through a diffuser, which of the following will NOT be affected?
D. None of these ANSWER B
ANSWER A After passing through a convergent-divergent nozzle, the temperature of air will:
Reheating process in Brayton cycle, the turbine work will A. Increase
A. Increase B. Decrease
B. Decrease C. Remains the same
C. Remains the same D. None of these
D. None of these ANSWER B
ANSWER A After passing though a convergent-divergent nozzle, the density of air will:
Which of the following is the chemical formula of ethanol A. Increase
A. C7H16 B. Decrease
B. C2H6O C. Remains the same
C. C7H8 D. None of these
D. C6H12 ANSWER B
ANSWER B After passing through a convergent-divergent nozzle, the match number of air will:
Which of the following is the chemical formula of Heptane? A. Increase
A. C7H16 B. Decrease
B. C2H6O C. Remains the same
C. C7H8 D. None of these
D. C6H12 ANSWER B
ANSWER D By increasing the temperature source of Carnot cycle, which of the following will not be
Which of the following is the chemical formula of Toluene? affected?
A. C7H16 A. Efficiency
B. C2H6O B. Work
C. C7H8 C. Heat added
D. C6H12 D. Heat rejected
ANSWER C ANSWER D
As the air passes through a nozzle, which of the following will increase? By decreasing the temperature source of Carnot cycle, which of the following will not be
A. Temperature affected?
B. Enthalpy A. Efficiency
C. Internal energy B. Work
D. Mach number C. Heat added
ANSWER D D. Heat rejected
As the air passes through a diffuser, which of the following will decrease? ANSWER C
A. Temperature
By superheating the refrigerant in vapor compression cycle with useful cooling, which of the D. temperature difference between evaporator and compressor
following will increase? (Use per unit mass analysis) ANSWER: D
A. Condenser pressure By increasing the condenser pressure in vapor compression cycle, which of the following will
B. Evaporator pressure increase? (Use per unit mass analysis)
C. Quality after expansion A. Refrigerating effect B. COP C. Specific volume at suction
D. Heat rejected from condenser D. Compressor power
ANSWER D ANSWER: D
By superheating the refrigerant in vapor compression cycle with useful cooling, which of the By increasing the condenser pressure in vapor compression cycle, which of the following will
following will decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis) decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis)
A. Refrigerant effect B. COP C. Compressor power D. Mass flow rate A. moisture content after expansion B. compressor power C. heat
ANSWER D rejected in the condenser D. mass flow rate
By superheating the refrigerant in vapor compression cycle without useful cooling, which of ANSWER: A
the following will decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis) If the pressure drop in the condenser increases in a vapor compression cycle, which of the
A. Heat rejected B. COP C. Compressor power D. Specific volume at following will increase? (Use per unit mass analysis)
A. mass flow rate B. compressor power C. heat rejected in the condenser
suction
D. specific volume at suction
ANSWER B ANSWER: C
By superheating the refrigerant in vapor compression cycle without useful cooling, which of If the pressure drop in the condenser increases in a vapor compression cycle, which of the
the following will increase? (Use per unit mass analysis) following will decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis)
A. Refrigerant effect A. Refrigerating effect B. mass flow rate C. heat rejected in the condenser
B. COP D. Compressor power
C. Compressor power ANSWER: B
D. Mass flow rate If the pressure drop in the condenser increases in a vapor compression cycle, which of the
ANSWER C following will not be affected? (Use per unit mass analysis)
By superheating the refrigerant in vapor compression cycle without useful cooling, which of A. compressor power B. mass flow rate C. heat rejected in the
the following will not be affected? (Use per unit mass analysis) condenser D. COP
A. Refrigerant effect ANSWER: A
B. COP If the pressure drop in the evaporator increases in a vapor compression cycle, which of the
C. Compressor power following will increase? (Use per unit mass analysis)
D. Mass flow rate A. Refrigerating effect B. vaporizing temperature
ANSWER C C. heat rejected in the condenser D. COP
By sub-cooling the refrigerant in vapor compression cycle at condenser exit, which of the ANSWER: C
following will increase? (Use per unit mass analysis) If the pressure drop in the evaporator increases in a vapor compression cycle, which of the
A. Refrigerating effect following will decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis)
B. Specific volume at suction A. specific volume at suction B. compressor power C. heat rejected in
C. Compressor power the condenser D. COP
D. Mass flow rate ANSWER: D
ANSWER A By lowering the condenser pressure in Rankine cycle, which of the following will decrease?
By sub-cooling the refrigerant in vapor compression cycle at condenser exit, which of the (Use per unit analysis)
following will decrease (Use per unit mass analysis) A. Pump work B. turbine work C. heat rejected D. cycle
efficiency
A. Coefficient of performance B. Heat rejected from condenser ANSWER: C
C. Refrigerating effect D. Mass flow rate By increasing the boiler pressure in Rankine cycle, which of the following will decrease? (Use
ANSWER: D per unit analysis)
By increasing the vaporizing temperature in vapor compression cycle, which the following A. heat rejected B. pump work C. cycle efficiency D. moisture
will increase? (Use per unit mass analysis) content
A. mass flow rate B. COP C. specific volume D. compressor ANSWER: A
work By superheating the steam to a higher temperature in Rankine cycle, which of the following
ANSWER: B will decrease? (Use per unit analysis)
By increasing the vaporizing temperature in vapor compression cycle, which the following A. moisture content at the turbine exhaust B. turbine work C. heat added
will decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis) D. heat rejected
A. Refrigerating effect B. COP C. evaporator temperature ANSWER: A
By superheating the steam to a higher temperature in Rankine cycle, which of the following A. volatile matter and moisture B. ash C. fixed carbon D. moisture
will increase? (Use per unit analysis) content
A. moisture content at the turbine exhaust B. pump work C. condenser ANSWER: A
pressure D. cycle efficiency Consist of hydrogen and certain hydrogen carbon compounds which can be removed from
ANSWER: D, B coal by heating.
By reheating the steam before entering the second stage in Rankine cycle, which of the A. moisture content B. product of combustion C. ash D. volatile
following will decrease? matter
A. Turbine work B. moisture content after expansion C. heat ANSWER: D
added D. heat rejected By heating 1 gram of coal in an uncovered crucible until the coal is completely burned, the
ANSWER: B ____ will formed.
What Rankine cycle is modified with regeneration, which of the following will increase? A. volatile matter and moisture B. ash C. fixed carbon D. moisture
A. turbine work B. heat added C. heat rejected D. cycle content
efficiency ANSWER: B
ANSWER:D Caking coal are use to produce coke by heating in a coke oven in the absence of ____ with
Is the combination of base load and peaking load? volatile matter driven off.
A. rated load B. intermediate load C. combine load D. A. air B. oil C. oxygen D. nitrogen
over-all load ANSWER: A
ANSWER: B Gindability of standard coal is:
Sum of the maximum demand over the simultaneous maximum demand? A. 80 B. 90 C. 100 D. 110
A. use factor B. capacity factor C. demand factor D. diversity ANSWER: C
factor
ANSWER: D Major constituent of all natural gases is:
Regenerative with feed heating cycle with infinite number of feed water heaters thus A. ethane B. methane C. propane D. cethane
efficiency is equal to? ANSWER: B
A. otto cycle B. stirling cycle C. erricson cycle D. carnot Two types of fans are:
cycle A. centrifugal and axial B. reciprocating and axial C. centrifugal and
ANSWER: D rotary D. tangential and rotary
A type of turbine used in desalination of sea water. ANSWER: A
A. back pressure turbine B. passout turbine C. peaking turbine D. Enthalpy of substance at specified state due to chemical composition.
reaction turbine A. Enthalpy of reaction B. enthalpy of combustion C. enthalpy of formation
ANSWER: A D. enthalpy of product
State that when conductor and magnetic field move relatively to each other, an electric voltage ANSWER: C
is induced in the conductor. A type of boiler used for super critical pressure operation.
A. Maxwell’s law B. Kirchhoff’s law C. Faraday’s law D. A. La Mont boiler B. Once- through-circulation boiler C. Force
Newton’s law circulation boiler D. Natural circulation boiler
ANSWER: C ANSWER: B
Transfers heat directly to electrical energy by utilizing thermionic emissions. Economizer in a water tube boiler is heated by:
A. thermionic motor B. thermionic generator C. thermionic converter D. A. electric furnace B. electric current C. incoming flue gas D. outgoing
thermionic cell flue gas
ANSWER: B ANSWER: D
Is the largest group of coal containing 46-89% of fixed carbon and 20% to 40% volatile Receives heat partly by convection and partly by radiation.
matter. A. radiant superheater B. desuperheater C. convective superheater
A. anthracite B. sub-anthracite C. bituminous D. sub- D. pendant superheater
bituminous ANSWER: D
ANSWER: C Regenerative superheater is a storage type of heat exchangers have an energy storage
When 1 gram of coal is subjected to a temperature of about 105C for a period of 1 hour, the medium called:
loss in weight of the sample gives the: A. matrix B. regenerator C. boiler D. recuperator
A. Volatile matter B. ash C. fixed carbon D. moisture content ANSWER: A
ANSWER: D Stirling cycle uses a ____ as working fluids.
When 1 gram of sample of coal is placed in a crucible and heated 950C and maintain at the A. incompressible gas B. incompressible fluids C. compressible
temperature for 7 minutes there is a loss in weight due to elimination of: refrigerant D. compressible fluids
ANSWER: D
In stirling process the heat added is added during?
 A. isobaric process B. isentropic process C. isothermal process
D. heat process The thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle depends ____ of the working fluid.
ANSWER: C A. the pressure ratio of the engine and the specific heat ratio
Brayton cycle is also known as: B. the temperature ratio of the engine and the specific heat ratio
A. carnot cycle B. joule cycle C. diesel cycle D. rankine C. the moles ratio of the engine and the specific heat ratio
cycle D. the compression ratio of the engine and the specific heat ratio
ANSWER: B ANSWER: D
Is applied to propulsion of vehicles because of certain practical characteristics. As the number of stages is increased, the expansion process becomes
A. diesel cycle B. otto cycle C. carnot cycle D. brayton A. isentropic B. isothermal C. isometric D. polytropic
cycle ANSWER: B
ANSWER: D
Aircraft gas turbines operate at higher pressure ratio typically between
Heat exchangers typically involve A. 6 to 8 B 12 to 24 C. 10 to 18 D. 10 to 25
A. no work interactions B. no heat interactions C. no energy ANSWER: D
interactions D. none of these The first commercial high-pass ratio engines has a bypass ratio of
ANSWER: A A. 1 B. 3 C. 5 D. 7
A device that is used to convert the heat to work is called ANSWER: C
A. adiabatier B. regenerator C. heat engines D. none of The single-stage expansion process of an ideal Brayton cycle without regeneration is replaced
these by a multistage expansion process with reheating the samepressure limits. As a result of
ANSWER: C modification, thermal efficiency will:
The objective of a heat pump is to maintain a heated space at A. increase B. decrease C. remain constant D. none of
A. Low temperature B. high temperature C. medium these
temperature D. none of these ANSWER: B
ANSWER: B Which of the following is/are the application of Brayton cycle.
A device that violates the second law of thermodynamics is called A. propulsion system B. automotive turbine engine C. aircraft turbine
A. perpetual motion machine of second kind B. perpetual motion machine of third engineD. all of these
kind C. perpetual motion machine of first kind D. none of these ANSWER: D
ANSWER: A It is used as working fluid in high-temperature applications of vapor cycles.
A process is called ____ if no irreversibility’s occur outside the system boundaries during the A. helium B. deuterium C. mercury D. water
process. ANSWER: C
A. externally reversible B. internally reversible C. reversible D. The superheated vapor enters the turbine and expands isentropically and produces work by
none of these the rotating shaft. The ____ may drop during the process.
ANSWER: A A. density B. viscosity of fuel C. temperature and pressure
An energy interaction which is not accompanied by entropy transfer is D. none of these
A. energy B. heat C. work D. none of these ANSWER: C
ANSWER: C Only ____ of the turbine work output is required to operate the pump.
A ____ is used in aircraft engines and some automotive engine. In this method, a turbine A. 0.01% B. 0.02% C. 0.03% D. 0.04%
driven by the exhaust gases is used to provide power to compressor or blower at the inlet. ANSWER: D
A. discharging B. turbo charging C. supercharging D. scavenging Superheating the steam to higher temperatures decreases the moisture content of the steam at
ANSWER: B the ____.
The only devices where the changes in kinetic energy are significant are the A. turbine inlet B. compressor inlet C. compressor exit
A. compressor B. pumps C. nozzles and diffusers D. none of D. turbine exit
these ANSWER: D
ANSWER: C Regeneration also provides a convenient of dearating the feedwater to prevent?
The distance between TDC and BDC in which the piston can travel is the A. boiler explosion B. boiler scale production C. boiler corrosion D.
A. Right extreme position B. displacement stroke C. stroke of compressor damage
the engine D. swept stroke ANSWER: C
ANSWER: C Can be apply steam turbine cycle(rankine). Gas turbine cycle(brayton) and combined cycle.
In compression-engine, the combustion of air-fuel mixture is self-fuel ignited as a result of A. hydroelectric plant B. nuclear power plant C. cogeneration plant
compressing the mixture above its D. tidal power plant
A. self developed temperature B. mixing temperature C. self feed ANSWER: C
temperature D. self ignition temperature
ANSWER: D
In a rankine cycle with fixed turbine inlet conditions. What is the effect of lowering the ANSWER: A
condenser pressure, the heat rejected will: It is the work done in pushing a fluid across a boundary, usually or out of a system.
A. increase B. decrease C. remains the same D. none of A. mechanical work B. nonflow work C. flow work D. electrical work
these ANSWER: C
ANSWER: B A liquid that has a temperature lower that the saturation temperature corresponding to the
In an ideal rankine cycle with fixed boiler and condenser pressure. What id the effect of existing pressure.
superheating the steam to a higher temperature, the pump work input will. A. subcooled liquid B. saturated liquid C. unsaturated liquid D. water
A. increase B. decrease C. remain the same D. none of ANSWER: A
these In this type of boiler, the water passes through the tubes while the flue gases burn outside the
ANSWER: C tubes.
The fact that total energy in any one energy system remains constant is called the principle of A. water-tube boiler B. fire-tube boiler C. steam generator D. electric
____? boiler
A. conversion of energy B. second law of thermodynamics C. conservation of ANSWER: A
mass D. zeroth law of thermodynamics It shows the water level in the boiler drum.
ANSWER: A A. water column B. try cocks C. gauge glass D. all of the above
A process for which the inlet and outlet enthalphies are the same ANSWER: C
A. isntropic B. enthalphy conservation C. throttling D. steady state It prevents damage to the boiler by giving warning of low water.
ANSWER: C A. safety valve B. fusible plug C. relief valve D. try cocks
ANSWER: B
The sum of energies of all the molecules in system, energies that in several complex forms. it is heat exchanger which utilizes the heat of the flue gases to preheat air needed for
A. kinetic energy B. internal energy C. external energy D. flow work combustion.
ANSWER: B A. economizer B. feedwater heater C. reheater D. air preheater
A system that is completely impervious to its surrounding. Neither mass nor energy cross its ANSWER: D
boundaries. It is the subject that deals with the behavior of moist air.
A. Open system B. closed system C. adiabatic system D. A. psychrometer B. psychometry C. refrigeration D. pneumatics
isolated system ANSWER: B
ANSWER: D Air whose condition is such that any decreases in temperature will result in condensation of
A device used to measure small and moderate pressure difference. water vapor into liquid.
A. manometer B. bourdon gage C. barometer D. piezometer A. saturated air B. unsaturated air C. saturated vapor D. moist air
ANSWER: A ANSWER: A
A vapor having a temperature higher that the saturation temperature corresponding to its It is the warm water temperature minus the cold water temperature leaving the cooling tower
pressure. A. approach B. terminal difference C. cooling range D.
A. superheated pressure B. saturated vapor C. super saturated vapor LMTD
D. subcooled vapor ANSWER: C
ANSWER: A The surrounding air ____ temperature is the lowest temperature to which water could possibly
The energy or stored capacity for performing work possessed by a moving body, by virtue of cooled in a cooling tower.
its momentum. A. dry-bulb B. wet-bulb C. dew-point D. saturated temperature
A. internal energy B. work C. gravitational potential energy ANSWER: B
D. kinetic energy
ANSWER: D PIPE ELEMENTS
A thermodynamic process wherein temperature is constant and the change in internal energy is
zero. Which of the following compressors are so widely used for today’s refrigeration system?
A. isobaric process B. isometric process C. isothermal process Ans. Centrifugal
D. polytropic process A valve sometimes known as the magnetic valve.
The science terminology concerned with precisely measuring energy and enthalpy Ans. Solenoid valve
A. thermodynamics B. chemistry C. calorimetry D. none of these Which of the following valve use to regulate the flow of refrigerant to the evaporator?
ANSWER: C Ans. Expansion valve
The rate of doing work per unit time Which of the following use control the flow of refrigerant gas from the evaporator coil. This
A. torque B. power C. force D. moment type of control valve is also known as back pressure regulator of an evaporator.
ANSWER: B Ans. Suction line regulator
A vapor having a temperature higher than the saturation temperature corresponding to the Which of the following refrigerant control is used to limit the flow of gas to the compressor to
existing pressure. prevent surge of excessive load from overloading the compressor.
A. superheated vapor B. saturated vapor C. wet vapor D. none of the above Ans. Hold-back valve
Which of the following refrigerant control is used in the liquid suction or discharge to interrupt If any of the electrically controlled devices in a Freon system malfunction, which of the
the flow on demand from any one of the several types of temperature or pressure sensing following valves also automatically shut-off?
devices. Ans. Solenoid valve
Ans. Solenoid valve Natural ice in an ice box was used in the early
What is the pressure drop from the receiver to the expansion valve? Ans. 19th century
Ans. 5 psi The amount of matter present in a quantity of any substance is called:
If any of the electricity controlled device in a Freon system malfunction, which following Ans. Mass
valves will also automatically shut off? What pressure is indicated by a barometer?
Ans. Solenoid valve Ans. Atmospheric pressure
The relief valve on a CO2 machine is located: The basic unit measurement for heat is:
Ans. On the discharge pipe between the compressor and the discharge valve. Ans. BTU
When checking zinc plates in a condenser, one should: The force that acts upon a unit of area is termed:
Ans. Clean the plate and renew worn-out ones. Ans. Pressure
A refrigerant should have a What is the physical state of a refrigerant entering the flow control?
Ans. High latent heat Ans. Sub-cooled
The mechanical energy of a device is the ratio of: What method of heat transfer does not depend on molecular motion?
Ans. Mechanical energy input to the mechanical energy output Ans. Radiation
When the winding or circuit is open, what is the resistance reading? Where s the filter drier is located?
Ans. Infinity Ans. After the condenser
If the meter scale of the ohmmeter reads 0 ohms and the range adjustment is R 10, what is the A motor drive device which removes the heat-laden vapor refrigerant from the evaporator is
resistance reading? the:
Ans. 100 Ans. Compressor
What is the resistance reading of an electric motor in good condition? The function of the compressor is to:
Ans. With resistance Ans. Squeeze out refrigerant from the evaporator
The basic unit of electrical pressure is: In which part of the compressor is the piston attached to the crankshaft?
Ans. Volt Ans. Connecting rod
What is the most commonly used conductor? This is a compressor which has an off center-rotor.
Ans. Copper Ans. Rotary
Which of the following is the effect of superheating the refrigerant? Which of the following compressor is commonly used in household refrigerators?
Ans. Increase is COP Ans. Hermetic
Which of the following statement is true in ice making capacity? What is the length of the tubing extended from the part to be swaged
Ans. Ice making capacity is always proportional to the refrigerating effect Ans. ½ inch
Which of the following has the largest heat load in cold storage room? The best method of making leak proof connection is:
Ans. Product heat load Ans. Silver brazing
Which of the following is a halocarbon refrigerant? The refrigerant that should not be used copper or brass tubing:
Ans. Methyl chloride Ans. R-717
A refrigerant system in which pressure- imposing element is mechanically operated? The color of the hose connected to suction line or process be
Ans. Compressor Ans. Blue
Which of the following compressors have the compressing element and drive seals in a single Where is the compound gauge installed in a refrigerant system?
housing? Ans. Suction line
Ans. hermitically sealed compressor A gauge used to measure pressure both below and above atmospheric pressure
Which of the following consists of two mating helically grooved male and female grooves? Ans. Compound gauge
Ans. Helical rotary-screw What is the valve position if the valve stem is turned all the way in?
What is the another name of helical-rotary screw compressors? Ans. Front-seated
Ans. Lysholm type What is the valve position if the valve stem is turned all the way out?
At what head is the helically-rotary compressor are designed to operate? Ans. Back-seated
Ans. High head pressure Ohm’s law states that resistance is inversely proportional to:
The bulk quantity of oil separated from the refrigerant in the helically-rotary compressor falls Ans. Current
by? To prevent corrosion within the flue gas, what must be prevented from condensing?
Ans. Gravity to a sump Ans. Vapor
If the temperature in the icebox is too high, the trouble could be: Ans. Evaporative cooling
Ans. Automatic control not functioning properly # An adiabatic saturation process. This process can be produced with _____, which is essentially
a regular thermometer with its bulb wrapped in wet cotton or gauze.....
 Ans. Sling psychrometer # All of the following process are irreversible except:
# A high velocity gas is defined as a gas moving with a velocity in excess off approximately Ans. An isentropic compression of a perfect fluid
Ans. 300ft/s/ 100m/s # Refers to the system where the evaporator coils are placed in the ice box
# The theoretical maximum velocity is achieved when..... Ans. Direct system
Ans. All internal and pressure energies are converted to kinetic energies # What is the usual dehydrating agent in Freon system?
# If the gas flow is adiabatic and frictionless (i.e. reversible) Ans. Activated alumina
Ans. Both A and B # Refers to the system where the evaporator coils are indicated in a brine solution and brine is pumped
# A property by which the refrigerant remains at its original chemical form/original condition is thru the ice box
imposed by the operation..... Ans. Indirect system
Ans. Stability of refrigerant # Is the most common dryer which consist of rotating cylinder inside which the materials flow
# The maximum temperature at which a gas is condense into liquid. Above temperature, a vapor while getting in contact with hot gas.
imposed by the operation..... Ans. Rotary dryer
Ans. Stability of refrigerant # Is the ratio of the mass of water-vapor in air and mass of air if it is saturated is called:
# Which of the following is the name given for halogenated hydrocarbon? Ans. Relative humidity
Ans. Halocarbon # The hands feel painfully cold when the skin temperature reaches
# Which of the following refrigerants are produced by carrier corporation? Ans. 10°C
Ans. Carrene # The total heat of air is a function of
# Which of the following refrigerants is produced by E.L.DU FONT? Ans. WB temperature
Ans. Freon # Boiling point of Freon-12 at atmospheric pressure is:
#Which of the following is the other name of R 718? Ans. 21°F
Ans. Water # Which of the following is NOT a type of water cooled condenser in refrigeration?
# Energy per unit volume stored in a deformed material is called: Ans. Double shell
Ans. Strain energy # Component of absorption refrigeration system in which the solution is cooled by cooling water.
# The ratio of ultimate failure strain to yielding strain is known as: Ans. Absorber
Ductility # Cascade refrigeration cycle is often used in industrial process where objects must be cooled to
# One ton of refrigeration is equal to: temperature below:
Ans. 3.5KW Ans. -46°C
# With what cycle does air refrigeration works? # Type of refrigerant control designed to maintain a pressure difference while the compressor is
Ans. Bell-coleman cycle operating.
# What cycle does air refrigeration works? Ans. Capilliary tube
Ans. Coal # As a rule of thumb, for a specified amount of compressed air, the power consumption of the
# What is produced by fission process? compressor decreased by ____________for each 3°C drop in the temperature inlet air to the
Ans. Radiation compressor.
# Loss of power is due to: Ans. 1 percent
Ans. Low injection pressure # Modern way of detecting air compressor leak is by using
# A branch system of pipes to carry waste emissions away from the combustion chamber. Ans. Acoustic leak detector
Ans. Exhaust manifold # For foundation of stacks, the maximum pressure on the soil is equal to the pressure due to the
# The type of filter where the filtering elements is replaceable. weight and the _______.
Ans. Metal-edge filter Ans. Wind movement
# When four events takes place in one revolution of a crankshaft of an engine, the engine is called # Foundation bolts of specified size should be used and surrounded by a pipe sleeve with an inside
Ans. Two stroke engine diameter of at least
# Which of the following does not belong to the group. Ans. 3 times the diameter of anchor bolt
Ans. Time injection system # For multi stage compression of an ideal Brayton cycle, the back work ratio will
# The function of a super heater is to: Ans. decrease
Ans. Exchange heat to increase energy to the flow during an adiabatic, internally # Type of turbine that has a specific speed below 5.
reversible process Ans. Impulse turbine
# What is true about change in entropy? # A high discharge type of turbine
Ans. it is always zero Ans. Propeller turbine
# How does an adiabatic process compare to an isentropic process? # Use to minimize the speed rise due to a sudden load rejection
Ans. Both heat transfer = Q, isentropic reversible Ans. jet deflector
# Adiabatic heat transfer within a vapour cycle refers to : # Is the speed of a turbine when the head on the turbine is one meter.
Ans. The transfer of energy from one stream to another in a heat exchanger that the energy of Ans. Unit speed
the input streams equal to the energy of output.
# Is a fluid property which refers to the intermolecular attraction by which the separate particles of the # Product of motor pump efficiency is known as
fluid arc held together. Ans. Over-all efficiency
Ans. Cohesion # The most efficient cross-section of an open channel is the one that
# Which of the following is NOT the cause of black smoke in diesel engine? Ans. All of the above
Ans. high compression pressure #Refers to the structure across an open channel over which water flows.
# Which of the following is not a method of starting a diesel engine? Ans. Weir
Ans. Using another generator # When can we say that a trapezoidal weir is a “cipoletti” weir?
# Two-stroke engine performs _____ to complete one cycle. Ans. When side slope 4 vertical and 1 horizontal
Ans. compression and power stroke # A weir is broad-crested if:
# A type of geothermal plant used when there is a presence of brine extracted from undergroungd Ans. The weir length is greater than half of the head
Ans. Binary geothermal plant # A feature of a dam over where water is discharged is called:
# Is the most important safety device on the power boiler. Ans. Spillway
Ans. Safety valve # Laminar flow occurs when the Reynolds number is approximately less than
# During hydrostatic test, the safety valves should be Ans. 2100
Ans. removed # Turbulent flow occurs when the Reynolds number exceeds:
# Where deaerating heaters are not employed, it is recommended that the temperature of the Ans. 4000
feed water be not less than _______ # Laminar flow is typical when
Ans. 197°C Ans. All of the above
# What is the possible cause of too much suction pressure? # When the Reynolds number is between 2100 to 4000, the flow is said to be in
Ans. Shortage refrigerant Ans. Critical zone
Where is the oil separator located? # Which of the following characterizes a laminar flow?
Ans. Between the compressor and condenser Ans. All of the above
# What is the purpose of the low pressure cutout switch? # Without a pump and turbine, which of the following rules is true in a frictionless environment about
Ans. To cut compressor in and out at present pressure energy and hydraulic gradient?
# Freon unit will tend to short cycle when operating under Ans. All of the above
Ans. Light loads # What is the latent heat of vaporization of water?
# What cause hot suction line? Ans. 970 Btu
Ans. Insufficient refrigerant # A dry bulb temperature at which water starts to condense but when moist appears in a constant
# When changing a Freon system which valve is not used? pressure process
Ans. King valve Ans. Dew point temperature
# Where is the scale trap located? # A mixture of dry air and saturated vapour is known as:
Ans. Between the king valve and expansion valve Ans. Saturated air
# Where is the solenoid valve located? # What is another term for “humidity ratio”?
Ans. Between the scale trap and thermal expansion valve Ans. Specific humidity
# Water tube boilers have how many fusible plugs? # The water vapour mass is often reported in
Ans. 4 Ans. Grains of water
# What is the main cause of air pollution as a result of burning fuel? # Approximately how many grains of water are there in 1 pound?
Ans. Nitrogen dioxide Ans. 7000
# Refers to the increase of enthalpy of a substance when it undergoes some phase change at # The ratio of actual humidity ratio to the saturated humidity ratio at the inlet temperature and p
constant pressure and temperature.
Ans. Heat of vaporization Ressure is known as
# Which of the following keeps moisture from passing thru the system? Ans. Degree of saturation
Ans. Dehydrator # What is another term for “degree of saturation”?
# What is the lowest temperature to which water could possibly be cooled in a cooling tower? Ans. Percentage of humidity
Ans. Temperature of adiabatic saturation # The partial pressure of the water vapour divided by the saturation pressure?
#What do you call the intake pipe to a hydraulic turbine from a dam? Ans. Relative humidity
Ans. Penstock # The point where sonic velocity has been achieved (M=1) is known as:
# An ideal fluid is one that Ans. Critical point
Ans. is frictionless and incompressible # The ratio of the thrust in equal mass flow rate is known as...
# What principal was used by McLeod gauge which is used for low pressure measurement/ Ans. Effective exhaust velocity
Ans. Boyles Law # Is the velocity of gas dropped from supersonic to subsonic, gas will experience
#The difference between the brake and hydraulic power is Ans. Shock wave.
Ans. Friction power # An adiabatic flow with friction, which would be approximately as flow through an insulated duct...
 Ans. Fan no flow Ans. Turbine runner
# What is an inevitable by product of the combustion of hydro carbon fuel? # Which of the following refrigerant that belong to group B refrigerants and harmful or toxic
Ans. Water vapour refrigerants?
# A compound pressure gauge is used to measure: Ans. All of the above
Ans. Positive and negative pressure # Which of the following refrigerants are combustible?
# Which of the following best describes a Curtis turbine? Ans. All of the above
Ans. It is a velocity pressure compound turbine # Which of the following refrigerants is used for frozen foods and ice cream display cases
# What causes low head pressure? Warehouses and food freezing plants, medium temperature display cases truck refrigeration and heat
Ans. Too much cooling water and in sufficient refrigeration gas pumps?
# What causes high head pressure? Ans. R-502
Ans. All of the above # The refrigerant that was formerly the most widely used for air conditioning and refrigeration. It
# A commercial pipe which has the characteristics of being immune to electrolysis and corrosion, light was the principal refrigerant for automotive air conditioning.
in weight weak structurally. Ans. R-12
Ans. Asbestos cement pipe # How do we know that there is shortage of refrigerant considering that we are in the liquid line?
# A commercial pipe which is durable, water tight, low maintenance and smooth interior. Ans. Vapor bubbles in the sight glass appear
Ans. Concrete pipe # The amount of power actually entering a fluid is known as:
# A commercial pipe which has the characteristics of being corrosion, and scour and erosion Ans. All of the above
Resistance. #The input power to the pump will be:
Ans. Vitrified clay pipe Ans. Equal to the output power of the electric motor driving the pump
# A commercial pipe which that is ductile, high strength, shock resistant, very smooth internally. # A bent or curved carries fluid from a container at a high elevation to another container at a lower
Ans. Steel pipe elevation.
a Ans. Siphon
# A commercial pipe that is chemically insert, resistant to corrosion, very smooth, light weigth and very # A water path, usually a large diameter pipe used to channel water around or through an obstruction
cheap feature.
Ans. Plastic (PVC and ABS) Ans. Culvert
# Which commercial pipe that is primarily used for water condensate, and refrigerant lines easier to # Which of the following principles governs the distributions of flow between the two branches in a
bent by hand, good thermal conductivity pipe system.
Ans. Brass and copper pipe Ans. All of the above
# A fluid pathway that expose parts of the fluid to the atmosphere is the: # A method used to determine the network flow in a multi-hoop piping system.
Ans. Open channel Ans. Hardy-cross method
# The ratio of the area in flow to the width of the channel at fluid surface in an open channel is # A device used to measure velocity by determining the cooling effect of fluid flowing over an
known as: electrically heated tungsten.
Ans. Hydraulic depth Ans. Hot-wire anemometer
# The most efficient cross-section for an open channel is known as: # Which of the following is used for R-12?
Ans. Semi-circular section Ans. All of the above
# The most efficient section rectangular section has: # Which of the following tubing (pipes) usually used in ammonia refrigerant?
Ans. A width twice the depth Ans. Ferrous pipe
# What is the maximum power that the motor can provide # Which of the following tubing (pipes) usually used in halo-carbon refrigerant?
Ans. Rated horsepower Ans. K and L copper tubing
# Which of the following is a possible cause of cavitation # Properties of superheated vapour can be found in?
Ans. All of the above Ans. Superheated table
# Is a reaction during which chemical energy is released in the form of heat # Properties of non-reacting gas mixture are given by:
# When forebay is not part of the generating plant design, it will be desirable to produce a ________ in Ans. Volumetric weight for molecular weight and density and geometric weighing for all
order to relieve the effect of rapid changes in flow rate. the
Ans. Surge chamber properties except entropy.
#What is used to keep the turbine in a hydroelectric generating plant up to 15 feet above the tail # The relation between the total volume of a mixture of a non-reacting gases for initial volume is
water surface? given by:
Ans. Draft tube Ans. Amagat’s law
# If a draft tube is not employed, water may be return to the tail water by way of a chamber known as # Which of the following is the first definition of enthalpy?
the: Ans. The amount of useful energy in a system.
Ans. Tail race # A consists press thermodynamics process obeys:
# An impulse turbine consists of a rotating shaft on which buckets of blades are mounted. What is Ans. Charles law
the term used for rotating shaft? # The volume of an ideal is halved, while it’s temperature is double, what happens to the pressure?
 Ans. Pressure is multiplied by 4 Ans. Sodium (Na)
# A liquid boils when its pressure equal. # Combustion power cycles differ from vapour power in that:
Ans. Ambient pressure Ans. The combustion product cannot be returned into their initial condition for reuse.
# A system composed of ice and water at zero °C is said to be: # A closed system using a fixed amount of ideal air as the working fluid?
Ans. All of the above Ans. Air standard cycle
# A heat of fusion for a pure substance is ________. # Which of the following is not a specific compound but is a mixture of octane and lighter
Ans. The energy required to melt the substance. hydrocarbon?
#The heat of vaporization involves the change of enthalpy due to: Ans. Gasoline
Ans. The change in phase from liquid to gas. # A series of process that eventually brings the system back to its original condition is known as?
# The heat of sublimation involves the change of enthalpy due to: Ans. Cycle
Ans. The change in phase from solid to gas. # The _____ of a power cycle is defined as the ratio of usual work output to the supplied input
# The unit for absolute viscosity which is dyne-sec/cm3 is also known as: energy?
Ans. Poise Ans. Thermal efficiency
# What is the unit of absolute viscosity? # Is use to heat up the solution partially before entering the generator in absorption refrigeration
Ans. Pa-second system.
# The ratio of absolute viscosity to mass density is also known as: Ans. regenerator
Ans. Kinetic viscosity # The COP of actual absorption refrigeration system is usually
# What is the kinetic viscosity? Ans. less than 1
Ans. m2/s # Sight glass is often located at:
# Stroke is a unit of kinetic viscosity which is equivalent to: Ans. liquid line
Ans. cm2/s # Use to detects a vibration in current caused by the ionization of decomposed refrigerant between
# What are volatile liquids? two opposite-charged platinum electrodes.
Ans. The liquid that vaporizes immediately Ans. Electronic detector
# When does boiling occur? # The ability of oil to mix with refrigerants
Ans. When the liquid temperature is increased to the point that the vapour present is equal to Ans. miscibility
the local ambient pressure. # For the submerged plane surface, the point on the surface where the resultant force acts is called
# The liquid boiling pressure is dependent on: the
Ans. Both A and B Ans. center of pressure
# Referred as the mass flow the rate divided by the generator output in kilowatts # At any point in fluid at rest, the pressure is the same in all directions. This principle is known as:
Ans. Water rate of stream rate Ans. Pascal’s Law
# The power after the auxiliary loads has been removed is known as: # The hot-wire manometer is used to measure
Ans. Net electrical output Ans. gas velocities
# _________ of a turbine is the ratio of actual to ideal energy extraction? # The pitot static tube measures
Ans. Both A and B Ans. the static pressure
# What is the approximate maximum practical metallurgical limit on superheat? # The terminal velocity of a small sphere setting in a viscous fluid varies as the
Ans. 1150°C and 625°C Ans. inverse of fluid viscosity
# What is used to increased the mean effective temperature at which heat is added without producing # Pressure drag results from
significant expansion in the liquid-vapor region. Ans. skin friction
Ans. Superheat # The pressure coefficient is the ratio of pressure forces to:
# If some of the heat energy from these waste product is recovered and used for space heating or Ans. inertia forces
cooling the process is called # Tranquil flow must always occur
Ans. Cogeneration Ans. above the critical depth
# In cogeneration, the recovered heat # Which of the following head loss coefficient among the following types of entrance?
Ans. Is used as heat Ans. re-entrant
# The ratio of useful energy to the energy input is called? # What waste water treatment method involves of algae from stabilization pond effluents?
Ans. Fuel utilization Ans. microscreening
# The ratio of the energy of a turbine to the recovered heat is known as: # The number of nozzles will depend on the quantity of steam required by the turbine. If the
Ans. Power to heat ratio nozzles occupy the entire arc of the ring, the turbine is said to have:
# If the recovered heat is used to vaporized water in a vapour cycle this is called: Ans. full peripheral admission
Ans. Combined cycle # Tandem compound units may also have two low-pressure casting that produces:
# What is the best coolant for high temperature gas reactor? Ans. triple flow
Ans. Helium (He) # By inter-cooling using two stage compressor of Brayton cycle, the backwork ratio will:
# What is the liquid metal most frequently used as coolant, in liquid metal reactor? Ans. decrease
# On dynamic similitude, the relation which represents the ratio of inertia force to pressure force is: Ans. Inelastic tension and release of steel bar
Ans. Euler number # Which of the following is a point function except
# What is the maximum velocity in a sewer flowing full? Ans. Work
Ans. 0.6 m/sec # All heat transfer process require medium of energy exchange except
# A temporary structures constructed to exclude water from the site of the foundation during its Ans. Radiation
excavation and construction is called: # Thermal conduction is described by:
Ans. coffer dam Ans. Fourier Law
# Which is not a physical characteristics of water? # Convection is described by:
Ans. hardness Ans. Newton’s Law
# Which dam is best for weak foundation? # Radiant heat transfer is described by:
Ans. buttress Ans. The Stefan-Boltzman Law
# What is the volume of water which will drain freely from the aquifer? # The equivalence of ratios of emissive power to absorptivity equilibrium is described by
Ans. specific yield Ans. Kirchoff’s Law
# What is the line defined by the water level in a group of artesian wells? # The temperature potential between temperature difference.
Ans. peizometric surface Ans. The logarithmic temperature difference
# Select the one that is a positive indication of pollution of a river. # A thermodynamic process whose deviation from equilibrium is infinitesimal at all times.
Ans. chloride content Ans. In quasi-equilibrium
# Which instruments is used to measure humidity of the atmosphere continuously? # A thermodynamic property best describes the molecular activity of a substance?
Ans. hydrograph Ans. Internal energy
# Entrance losses between tank and pipe or losses through elbows, fittings and valves are generally # The combination of conditions that best describes thermodynamic process is given:
expresses as a function of: Ans. Has successive states thru which the system passes
Ans. kinetic energy # A substance whose properties are uniform throughout is called a:
# The air that contains no water vapour is called: Ans. Pure substance
Ans. dry air # All of the following are thermodynamic properties except:
Ans. Modulus
# A process that is adiabatic and reversible is also called:
# What effectively states that it is impossible to built a cylindrical engine that will have a thermal Ans. Isentropic
efficiency of 100%? # The first law of thermodynamics for a closed system is Q= ∆U + W, the sign convention is:
Ans. Kelvin-Planc statement of second law Ans. Q positive in, W positive out and ∆U negative for decreased internal energy
# Refers to the maximum possible work that can be obtained from a cycle. # The heat transfer term in the first law of thermodynamics may be due to any of the ff. except:
Ans. Availability Ans. Internal heat generation
# The difference between the maximum and the actual work output is known as? # A system that experiences no mass crossing the system boundaries called:
Ans. Process inversibility Ans. Closed system
# The study of the property of atmospheric air? # A substance in which a substance is allowed to enter and have is most properly called:
Ans. Psychrometry Ans. Open system
# The temperature of the air that has gone through an adiabatic saturation process is known as? # First and second law of thermodynamics are:
Ans. Wet-bulb temperature Ans. Energy equations
# How often should compressor oil be changed? # A constant temperature thermodynamic process obeys:
Ans. At least semi-annually Ans. Boyles Law
# Which of the following is the possible effect of the weak solution of brine in a refrigeration system? # A series of process that eventually bring the system back to the original condition is called a:
Ans. Corrosion Ans. Cycle
# In Freon refrigeration system, where is the scale trap located? # If the refrigerant leaves the evaporator with a quality of < 1, the cycle is known as:
Ans. On the suction side of the compressor Ans. Wet vapor compression cycle
# At what pressure is the high pressure cut-off in the Freon (R-12) # For even lower temperature, are required as in commercial freezing equip. What is used as
Ans. 125-150 psi refrigerant?
# What is the other name for brine refrigeration system? Ans. Ammonia
Ans. Indirect refrigeration system # What is another name for Air-Refrigeration cycle?
# What is the indication that there is air in the refrigeration system? Ans. Brayton cycle
Ans. Unusual high head pressure # What is the major disadvantage of Air-Refrigeration cycle?
# A Freon-12 leaking can be detected by halide torch. What color will it turn to in the presence of a Ans. High power consumption
refrigerant if this torch has a normal blue flame? # What refrigeration is practically used when a large quantity of waste-inexpensive heat is avail?
Ans. Green Ans. Heat-driven refrigeration cycle
# All of the following process are irreversible except # For an absorption cycle, how many working fluids are required?
 Ans. Two (2) Ans. below 50°C
# In absorption cycle, what is needed in NH3 water system to remove any remaining traces of # The amount of moisture in air depends on its
absorbents from the refrigerant and is placed between generator and condenser. Ans. temperature
Ans. Rectifier # The deep body temperature of healthy person is maintained constant at
# Which is a “TEMA” stands for? Ans. 37°C
Ans. All of the above # Air motion also plays important role in
# The acronym “ TEMA” stands for? Ans. human comfort
Ans. Tubular Exchangers Manufacturing Association # During simple heating and cooling process has a_____ humidity ratio.
# The acronym “API” stands for? Ans. constant
Ans. American Petroleum Institute # The ________ follows a line of constant wet-bulb temperature on the psychrometric chart.
# What occurs when the exit temperature of the cold fluid is above the exit temperature of Ans. evaporative cooling process
the hot fluid? # A vapor which is not about to condense is called a
Ans. Temperature cross Ans. superheated vapor
# Are heat exchangers whose purpose is to heat with condensing stream. # Passing from the solid phase directly into vapor phase is called
Ans. Closed feedwater heater Ans. sublimation
# Refers to the corrosion, precipitation of compound in solution, setting of particular solid # Robert Boyle observed during his experiments with a vacuum chamber that the pressure of
and biological activity that adhere to a heat transfer gases is inversely proportional to their
Ans. Fouling Ans. volume
# Fouling in a heat exchanger industries is commonly known as: # _____ is energy in transition.
Ans. Silent thief Ans. Heat
# An operation with 1 fluid flow rate substantially known as: # Is the mode of energy transfer between a solid surface and the adjacent liquid or gas which is in
Ans. Down turn motion, and it involves combine effects of conduction and fluid motion.
# Indicate the false statement? Ans. convection
Ans. Duo to viscosity, liquid cannot resist instantaneously change velocity # Radiation is usually considered as
# Ideal liquid are assumed to be? Ans. surface phenomenon
Ans. Newtonian fluids # Work is _____ between the system and the surroundings.
# Which of the following is a Newtonian fluids? Ans. energy
Ans. All of the above # Is a process during which the system remains in equilibrium at all times
# Thermal radiation heating body can be absorb, reflected or transmitted, this is known as Ans. Quasi-equilibrium
Ans. Radiation Conservation law # In the absence of any work interactions between a system and its surrounding, the amount of
# The rate of thermal emitted per unit area of a body is known as: net heat transfer is equal
Ans. Emissive power Ans. to the change in the total energy of a closed system
# States that for any two bodies in thermal equilibrium, the ratio of emissive power to # The constant volume and constant pressure specific heats are identical for
absorptivity are Ans. incompressible substance
Equal. # The velocity of fluid is zero at the wall and maximum at the center because of the
Ans. Kirchoff’s Radiation law Ans. viscous effect
# Bodies that radiate at absorptivity of 1 are known as: # For steady flow devices, the volume of the control volume is
Ans. Black bodies or ideal radiators Ans. constant
# Which of the following does not radiate at the ideal level? # The work done in a turbine is _____ since it is done by the fluid.
Ans. Real body Ans. positive
# The ratio of actual to ideal emissive power is known as: # Reheating process in Brayton cycle, the turbine work will
Ans. Emissivity Ans. increase
# What is the refrigerator’s main function? # As the air passes through a nozzle, which of the following will increase?
Ans. To cool this low temperature area Ans. mach number
# The rate of energy removal from the low temperature area is known as: # As the air passes through a diffuser, which of the following will decrease?
Ans. Either of the refrigeration capacity or refrigerating effect Ans. mach number
# The refrigeration capacity is measured in refrigeration ton where one ton is _____ heat # As the air passes through a nozzle, which of the following will decrease?
remove Ans. internal energy
Ans. All of the above # As the air passes through a diffuser, which of the following will increase?
# The refrigeration ton is derived from the heat flow required to melt the ton of ICE in: Ans. density
Ans. 24 hours # As the air passes through a diffuser, which of the following will NOT be affected?
# In psychrometric chart, the constant- enthalpy lines coincide with constant-temperature Ans. entropy
lines at temperature # After passing through a convergent-divergent nozzle, the temperature of air will:
 Ans. decrease Ans. liquid line
# After passing through a convergent-divergent nozzle, the density of air will: # By subcooling the refrigerant in refrigeration system, the compressor power per unit mass will
Ans. decrease Ans. remains the same
# After passing through a convergent-divergent nozzle, the mach number of air will: # Superheating the refrigerant in refrigeration system without useful cooling, the refrigeration
Ans. decrease effect
# By increasing the temperature source of Carnot cycle, which of the following will not be Per unit mass will
affected? Ans. remains the same
Ans. heat rejected # By subcooling the refrigerant in refrigeration system, the specific volume at compressor suction
# By decreasing the temperature sink of Carnot cycle, which of the following will not be affected? will
Ans. heat added Ans. remains the same
Ans. Exothermic reaction # Pressure loss due to friction at the condenser, the compressor power per unit mass will
# By reheating the steam in an ideal Rankine cycle the heat rejected will: Ans. remains the same
Ans. increase # Which of the following is NOT a type of air-cooled condenser?
# By increasing the boiler pressure in Rankine cycle the moisture content at boiler exit will: Ans. shell and tube
Ans. increase # A type of refrigerant control typically used in household refrigeration.
# Presently the highest steam temperature allowed at the turbine inlet is about ______. Ans. Capilliary tube
Ans. 620°C # Type of condenser that operates like a cooling tower.
# Two most common gases employed in Stirling and Ericson cycles are: Ans. evaporative condenser
Ans. Hydrogen and helium # The major problem of heat pump is
# In most common designs of Gas turbine, the pressure ratio ranges from: Ans. frosting
Ans. 11 to 16 # Dominant refrigerant used in commercial refrigeration system
# In Brayton cycle, the heat is transformed during what process? # The Carnot refrigeration cycle is:
Ans. isobaric process Ans. All of the above
# The fuel injection process in diesel engine starts when the piston_______. # The vapour compression cycle is essentially a reverse of:
Ans. approaches TDC Ans. Rankine vapor cycle
# If the cut-off ratio of diesel cycle increases, the cycle efficiency will: # What can be considered to be theoretically exact and can be used to determine local thermal film
Ans. decrease coefficient at a distance X from the leading edge of an isothermal plate in laminar flow?
# The fuel used in a power plant that is used during peak periods. Ans. Pohlhausen Solution
Ans. liquid # Which one is exact and can be derived from the Pohlhausen correction by setting cube root of
# Typical compression ratio of Otto cycle is Prandtl number equal to 108 and is useful in gases and water?
Ans. 8 Ans. Blausius Solution
# If Joule Thompson coefficient is equal to zero, then the process will become # What another term for skin friction coefficient?
Ans. isothermal Ans. Fanning friction factor
# If the fluid passed through a nozzle its entropy will: # The Darcy friction factor is ________.
Ans. remains the same Ans. 4 times
# Which of the following is NOT a possible location of service valve? # The ______ for submerged bodies in the sum of the skin friction coefficient is?
Ans. outlet of condenser Ans. Drag coefficient
# A coil in series with evaporator that is use to prevent the liquid refrigerant entering the # What can predict the average film coefficient along the entire length of laminar flow?
compressor. Ans. Labarsky-Kauffman Correlation
Ans. Drier loop # When can we say that the laminar flow is “Fully Developed”?
# A type of valve connected from discharge of compressor directly to suction that is normally Ans. When the difference between the surface (wall) and the mean fluid temperature is
closed Constant
And will open automatically only if there is high discharge pressure. # Where is the accumulator usually located?
Ans. solenoid valve Ans. Before the suction line
# Use to increase the capacity of condenser. # A device used to remove moisture and foreign particles inside the refrigeration system.
Ans. desuperheating coils Ans. Filter drier
# Is use to subcooled the refrigerant from the condenser. # What is the standard value of the atmospheric pressure at the atmospheric sea level?
Ans. liquid subcooler Ans. 14.7 psi
# Which of the following is NOT a part of low pressure side in refrigeration system? # Requirements are classified according to:
Ans. liquid line Ans. Manner of absorbing heat
# Which of the following is NOT a part of high pressure side in refrigeration system? # A push or pull on any thing is called:
Ans. suction line Ans. Force
# Which of the following is NOT a part of condensing unit? # Anything that takes up space has mass
 Ans. Matter # Which of the following devices maintains the pressure difference between the evaporator and
# Factor use in calculating the overall heat transfer through the tube walls of the condenser tube of the condenser?
Another heat transfer surface. Ans. Flow control
Ans. Fouling factor # What device is ideal for measuring the flow of liquid metal?
# What could be the possible cause of the abnormal discharge temperature? Ans. Magnetic flow meter
Ans. All of the above # The frictional force that acts parallel but opposite to the direction of motion.
# Where is the relief valve located? Ans. Drag
Ans. At the discharge side of the compressor # A pump that transform kinetic energy into fluid static pressure.
# What will you do before starting a refrigeration system? Ans. Kinetic pump
Ans. Vent the condenser # Due to friction losses between the fluid and the pump and mechanical losses in the pump itself.
# What is the purpose of the expansion valve bypass? Ans. The brake pump power will be greater than hydraulic power
Ans. To control the refrigerant to the evaporator in case the automatic valve fails. # The net energy actually transferred to fluid per unit time is:
# How many feed water lines are connected to the boiler? Ans. Hydraulic power
Ans. 2 # The input power delivered by motor to pump.
# Exhaust gases from the engine possesses what type of energy? Ans. Brake pump power
Ans. Kinetic energy # Boiler tubes are specified by
# What is the instrument used to measure density? Ans. Outside diameter
Ans. Hydrometer # The maximum size of the boiler down lines valves and fittings shall not exceed
# Engine overall efficiency is ________. Ans. 2.5 inches
Ans. Brake thermal efficiency # The purpose of an expansion tank in a hot water heating system is to provide for the expansion
# What is the ratio of the fuel usage rate to the power generated? of
Ans. Specific fuel consumption Ans. Water
# What is the ratio of the air mass that enters the engine to each mass of fuel? # Heavy accumulation of a soot in the boiler will result in:
Ans. Air-fuel ratio Ans. Loss of boiler efficiency
# The ohmmeter is an instrument used to measure # How are tubes secured in a fired tube boiler will result in:
Ans. Resistance Ans. Rolled and beaded over
# The ammeter is an electrical instrument used to measure # A tube in a fire tube boiler is surrounded by:
Ans. Current Ans. Water
# The electrical pressure that pushes the electrical current or objections. # What is the formula for the factor of evaporation?
Ans. Voltage Ans. H-b/970.3
# The voltmeter is an instrument used to measure: # What can cause a super heater tube to overheat?
Ans. Voltage Ans. Dirty tube
# When the winding is shorted, what is the resistance reading? # How many square feet of heating surface does a 3-in fire tube 20 ft long with a 3/16 in . wall
Ans. Zero ohm have?
# Which tools are used to enlarge the end of the tubing to connect a fitting? Ans. 13.7
Ans. Flaring tools # In a high temperature hot water boiler; what could cause a tube to over heat?
# The tubing is never used when the fluid temperature goes beyond 100 to 175 mm? Ans. Poor circulation
Ans. Plastic # A down corner is:
# The tubing to be swaged is damped in a Ans. Found in a water tube boiler
Ans. Flaring block # Extreme firebox temperature changes cause:
# The hand tools used to lightened and loosen the fitting are Ans. Spalling
Ans. Wrenches # Low water cu. off:
# In soldering process, What substance is used to prevent oxidation? Ans. Shuts the burner when the boiler is low on water
Ans. Flux # Steam coming from the bottom by cock would indicate:
# The process of applying molten metal to heated metals is called: Ans. Low water level
Ans. Soldering # Why is the method to cool water called condenser not practical?
# What is the physical state of the refrigerant? Ans. Water is expensive
Ans. Gas # A device use to collect liquid refrigerant entering the compressor to prevent trouble in
# Which of the following appliances uses a finned-coil evaporator? compressor is
Ans. Window-type airconditioner Ans. Accumulator
# The operation of condenser is the opposite of that of # A disiccant is a material that has high affinity to water. Which is the common used dissicant
Ans. Evaporator Ans. Silica gel
# The only means of preserving food in its original fresh state is _____________.
 Ans. Refrigeration # The maximum amount of mechanical energy converted into heat
# PVC means Ans. 100%
Ans. Poly Vinyl Chloride # The work output of energy heat engine.
# What does ABS means? Ans. Equals the difference between its heat intake and heat exhaust
Ans. Acrylonitrite Butadiene Styrene # To increase the output of a centrifugal pump, you must
# What measures the average roughness of imperfection inside the pipe? Ans. Speed of rotation
Ans. Specific roughness # By superheating the refrigerant in vapor compression cycle with useful cooling, which
# Darcy factor, friction factor is not constant but decreases as the Reynolds number increases of the following will increase? (Use per unit mass analysis)
up to a certain point known as: Ans. Heat rejected from condenser
Ans. Full turbulent flow # By superheating the refrigerant in vapor compression cycle with useful cooling, which
# What presents the friction factor graphically as 6 functions of Reynolds number and of the following will decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis)
relative roughness. Ans. Mass flow rate
Ans. Moody diagram # By superheating the refrigerant in vapor compression cycle with useful cooling, which
# If the flow in truly laminar, and fluid flowing in a circular pipe then which of the equation of the following will decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis)
is appropriate to use? Ans. COP
Ans. Hagen Poisenille Equation # By superheating the refrigerant in vapor compression cycle with useful cooling, which
# Which is true about Hagen Williams equation? of the following will increase? (Use per unit mass analysis)
Ans. It is primarily use for water Ans. Compressor power
# For highly turbulent flow, what causes shear stress? # By superheating the refrigerant in vapor compression cycle with useful cooling, which
Ans. Momentum Effect of the following will not be affected? (Use per unit mass analysis)
# In a circular pipe laminar flow momentum flux is: Ans. Compressor power
Ans. Maximum at the pipe wall # By sub-cooling the refrigerant in 49apour compression cycle at condenser exit, which of the
# If the head pressure is too high following will increase? (Use per unit mass analysis)
Ans. The high pressure cut-out switch should operate Ans. Refrigerating effect
# In a combustion engine cycle, what is the ratio of the net output power to the input? # By sub-cooling the refrigerant in 49apour compression cycle at condenser exit, which of the
Ans. Thermal efficiency following will decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis)
# In a reciprocating engines, what is the ratio of actual to ideal volumes of entering gases? Ans. Mass flow rate
Ans. Volumetric efficiency # By increasing the vaporizing temperature in vapor compression cycle, which of the following
# In a combustion engine, what is the ratio of the actual power developed to the ideal power will increase? (Use per unit mass analysis)
developed? Ans. COP
Ans. Mechanical efficiency # By increasing the vaporizing temperature in 49apour compression cycle, which of the
# The equivalent of ratio of emissive power to absorptivity for both thermal equilibrium is following will decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis)
described Ans. temperature difference between evaporator and compressor
by: # By increasing the condenser pressure in 49apour compression cycle, which of the following
Ans. Kirchoffs law will increase? (Use per unit mass analysis)
# The ideal cycle based on the concept that the combination process in both diesel and Ans. Compressor power
gasoline in # By increasing the vaporizing temperature in 49apour compression cycle, which of the
the combination of heat transfer process that is constant pressure and constant volume. following will decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis)
Ans. Dual cycle Ans. moisture content after expansion
# The ratio of the volume at the end of heat addition to the volume at the start of heat # If the pressure drop in the condenser increases in a vapor compression cycle, which
addition is called: of the following will increase? (Use per unit mass analysis)
Ans. Cut-off ratio Ans. heat rejected in the condenser
# A theoretical body which when heated to incandescence would emit continuous light # If the pressure drop in the condenser increases in a 49apour compression cycle,
ray spectrum. which of the following will decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis)
Ans. Blackbody Ans. mass flow rate
# Which of the following is the reason for insulating the pipes? # If the pressure drop in the condenser increases in a 49apour compression cycle,
Ans. Heat loss from the surface is minimize which of the following will not be affected? (Use per unit mass analysis)
# Heat transfer due to density differential Ans. compressor power
Ans. Convection # If the pressure drop in the evaporator increases in a 49apour compression cycle,
# A process involving a gas that cannot, even in principle be reserved with being done. which of the following will increase? (Use per unit mass analysis)
Ans. An isobaric compression Ans. heat rejected in the condenser
# The maximum amount of heat that can be converted into mechanical energy # If the pressure drop in the condenser increases in a 49apour compression cycle,
Ans. Depends on the intake and exhaust temperature which of the following will decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis)
 Ans. COP Ans. Shapes
# By lowering the condenser pressure in Rankine cycle, which of the following will # All of the following dimensionless parameters are applicable to fluid flow problem excepts
decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis) Ans. Bolt number
Ans. heat rejected # All of the following can be characteristics of fluids except:
# By increasing the boiler pressure in Rankine cycle, which of the following will Ans. Hysteresis
decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis) # The most common method for calculating frictional energy loss for laminar flowing fluid is
Ans. heat rejected non- circular pipes is:
# By superheating the steam to a higher temperature in Rankine cycle, which of the Ans. The Darcy equation
following will decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis) # For computation convenience, fluids are usually classed as
Ans. moisture content at the turbine exhaust Ans. Real and ideal
# By superheating the steam to a higher temperature in Rankine cycle, which of the # Which of the following is not a characteristics of real fluids?
following will increase? (Use per unit mass analysis) Ans. Experience of eddy currents and turbulence
Ans. cycle efficiency # Property of a fluid whereby its own molecules are attracted is known as:
# By superheating the steam to a higher temperature in Rankine cycle, which of the Ans. Cohesion
following will decrease? (Use per unit mass analysis) # The term subsonic flow refers to a flowing gas with a speed.
Ans. pump work Ans. Less than the local speed of sound
# What type of boiler incorporates furnace water cooling in the circulatory system? # The difference between stagnation pressure and total pressure
Ans. Integral-furnace boiler Ans. None of the terms are interchangeable
#The main components of a combined cycle power plant are: # The presence of friction in the hydraulic grade line will always cause the line to slope.
Ans. Gas turbine and waste heat boiler Ans. Down in the direction of the flow
# Which of the following indicators is used to determine the anti-knocking characteristics of #The presence of minor loss in the energy grade line will cause the line to slope
gasoline? Ans. Down in the direction of the flow
Ans. Octane number # If the Mach number is greater than 1 but less than 5
# Indicate the false statement Ans. Supersonic
Ans. The heat transfer cannot exceed the work done. # The flow is called sonic when mach number is
# In fluid flow, linear momentum is: Ans. Equal to 1
Ans. A vector quantity equal to the product of mass and velocity # The flow is sub-sonic when mach number is
# A fact that a fluid’s velocity increases as the cross-sectional area of the pipe through which it Ans. Less than 1
flow decreases due to: # To check water level in the gauge glass of a steam boiler
Ans. The continuity equation Ans. Use the
# The coefficient of contraction is the ratio of: # The flame failure control is tested by?
Ans. Area of vena contracta to the orifice area Ans. Shutting off the fuel supply to the burner
# The coefficient of discharge is the ratio of: # During purge cycle what is the minimum amount air volume changes required?
Ans. Actual discharge to the theoretical discharge Ans. Four (4)
# The coefficient of velocity is the ratio of: # The purge cycle time for gas compared to oil is:
Ans. Actual velocity divided the theoretical velocity Ans . The same
# Flow measuring devices include all of the following except: #A high (CO) Carbon monoxide reading, indicates:
Ans. Magnetic dynamometers Ans. None of these
# In the series pipe systems, all of the following parameters vary from section to section except # The induced draft fan is located:
Ans. Mass flow Ans. In the breaching
# The coefficient of velocity accounts for the: # A balanced draft boiler required:
Ans. Small effect of friction and turbulence of the orifice Ans. Both forced and induced draft
# Expansion factors take into account the # What percent would expect in a well maintain boiler burning number 6 oil?
Ans. Effects of compressibility Ans. 15%
# The water hammer phenomenon is primarily what kind of fluid mechanics? # Laminar friction factor of fluid is flowing through a pipe is a function of all the following
Ans. Dynamic (a time-dependent phenomena) except:
# All of the following are forms of drug on a body moving through a fluid except: Ans. Pipe roughness
Ans. D’Alembert’s paradox drug # The stream function is a useful parameter in describing:
# The function of a turbine is to: Ans. Conservation of mass
Ans. Extra energy from the flow # The study of the practical law of fluid and the resistance of open pipes and channels is the
# The fact that there is no bodies moving through an ideal fluids is known as: _____
Ans. D’Alembert’s paradox Ans. Hydraulics
# Liquids and gases takes the following characteristics of their contents.
# The most common methods of calculating frictional energy loss for laminar flow fluids in # A type of fluids which exhibits viscosities that increases with an increasing velocity gradient.
non circular pipes: Ans. Dilatant fluid
Ans. Equation # The viscosity decreases with time the fluids is said to be:
# The parameter in the expression for head loss is: Ans. Thixotropic fluid
Ans. Darcy friction factor # Viscosity increases with time the fluids is said to be:
# The characteristic length of Reynolds number use to calculate the friction in non-circular full Ans. Rneopectic fluids
running pipes is based on the: # What is the dominating cause of viscosity in fluids:
Ans. Hydraulic diameter Ans. Molecular cohesion
# The hydraulic radius of a non-circular pipe is: # In a compressor, the piston is said to be at _____ when it is at its most petracted position in
Ans. The ratio of flow area to wetted parameter: the stroke,
# An electromagnetic radiation wavelength is in the 0.1 to 10.000 mm range: Ans. Bottom dead center
Ans. Thermal radiation # Reciprocating compressors are characterized by their
# What characteristics makes the difference between a Newtonian and non-newtonian fluids? Ans. Clearance volume
Ans. Their viscous behaviour # The gases remaining in the clearance volume after the discharge in the dead center are
# What instrument use to measure salt solution: known as the:
Ans. Salimeter Ans. Residual gases
# A measure of fluid resistance to flow? # The ratio of the clearance volume to the swept volume is known as:
Ans. Viscosity Ans. Percent clearance or just clearance
# What is another for absolute viscosity? # The work done in an adiabatic (isentropic, process is _____ the work done by the isothermal
Ans. Dynamic process;
# What is the reciprocal of viscosity? Ans. Less than
Ans. Fluidity # The work done in an isentropic compressor is ____ the work done by the isothermal
# The density of fresh water is a ship will float. compressor;
Ans. Lower in fresh water than in sea warer Ans. Greater than
# Bernoulli’s equation is based on? # The term used to describe a partially compressed gases withdrawn cooled and compressed
Ans. Conservation of energy further;
# An express train goes past a station flatform at high speed a person standing in the edge of Ans. Intercooling
the flatforms tend to be: # A perfect intercooling refers to the case where the gases cooled to:
Ans. Attracted to the train Ans. The original inlet temperature
# The volume of fluid flowing per second out of an orifice at the bottom. A tank does not # Multi stage blowers can reach pressure up to ____ of water;
depend on: Ans. 100 inches
Ans. Density of fluid # What represents the ratio of the coefficient of the friction at the expanded in pumping a
# Addition of detergent to water? fluid;
Ans. Decreases its surface tension Ans. Fried heat transfer efficiency factor
# Water neither rise or falls in silver capillary. This suggest that the contact angle between the # What is the proper oil storage temp for No. 6 oil?
water and silver is: Ans. 20 ºF above pour point
Ans. 90 degrees # To prime a pump
# Most pressure in the Freon system have two dials or graduation on 1 gage what does the two Ans. Fill casing with water
dial represent: # Balance draft means;
Ans. Temperature and pressure Ans. Almost atmosphere pressure in the furnace
# The flame detector is directed: # A gallon of No. 6 oil contains:
Ans. Into the furnace area Ans. 152,000 Btu
#Which of the following statement is true? # What is the efficiency of a steam plant with a heat rate of 12,000 Btu/KW?
Ans. All of the above Ans. 28.4%
#Which of the following is a pseudo plastic fluid? # What type of fuel must be preheated to burn properly?
Ans. All of the choices Ans. Heavy oil
# A type of fluids which are capable of indefinitely resisting a small shear stress but move # The fuel oil for mechanical atomizing burners is usually heated
easily when the stress becomes large: Ans. 150 ºF
Ans. Bingham fluids # Fuel suppliers specify a minimum flash point for their oil because a low flash point oil is;
# Which of the following is an example of Bingham fluids? Ans. Dangerous
Ans. All of the above # How many cubic feet of furnace volumes are needed to burn one gallon of No. 6 oil?
# The Bingham fluids will become pseudo plastic when: Ans. 10
Ans. The stress increases # A fuel oil is heated its viscosity
 Ans. Decreases # The cooling water is made to fall in series of baffles to expose large surface area for steam
# Only ____ of the turbine work output is required to operate the pump. fed from below to come in direct contact.
Ans. 0.04% Ans. Barometric condenser
# Superheating the steam to higher temperature decreases the moisture content of the steam at # Show the variatiom of river flow (discharge) with time.
the __ Ans. Hydrograph
Ans. Turbine exit # The pressure at the bottom of a vessel filled with liquids does not depend on the;
# Regeneration also provides a convenient means of dearating the feedwater to prevent. Ans. Area of the liquid surface
Ans. Boiler corrosion # A person stands on a very sensitive scale, inhales deeply the reading on the scale:
# Can be apply in Steam turbine cycle (Rankine), Gas turbine cycle (Brayton) and Combined Ans. Depends on the expansion of the person’s chest, relative to the volume inhaled.
cycle. # Buoyancy occurs because, with increasing depth in a fluid:
Ans. Cogeneration plant Ans. The pressure increases
# In a Rankine cycle with fixed turbine inlet conditions. What is the effect of lowering the # In order for an object to sink when placed in water its average specific gravity must be;
condenser pressure, the heat rejected will; Ans. More than 1
Ans. Decrease # The average solar energy heating the outer edge atmosphere is approximately 442 Btu per
# In an ideal Rankine cycle with fixed boiler and condenser pressures. What is the effect of hour-foot squared of 1.41KW per meter squared is known as:
superheating the steam to a higher temperature, the pump work input will; Ans. Solar constant
Ans. Remains the same # The ratio of total dissolve solids in the recirculating water to the total solids in the make-up
# How do the following quantities change when the simple ideal Rankine cycle is modified water.
with regeneration? The heat rejected will; Ans. Cycles of concentration
Ans. Decreases # What is the another term for Bryton cycle:
# During a combustion process, the components which exist before the reaction are called Ans. Joule cycle
Ans. Reactants # The process of transferring heat from low temperature area to high temperature area;
# Is an obvious reason for incomplete combustion. Ans. Refrigeration
Ans. Insufficient oxygen #The device to remove heat from water:
# Higher heating value when H2O in the product of combustion is in Ans. Chiller
Ans. Liquid form # What device which transfer heat from low temperature area to operate on refrigeration
# Device which transfer heat from low temperature medium to a high temperature one is a system:
Ans. Heat pump Ans. Heat pump
# A rule of thumb is that the COP improves by _____ for each °C the evaporating temperature # Refers to the process of one substance mixing with another substance:
is raised or the condensing temperature is lowered. Ans. Diffusion
Ans. 2 to 4% # Which of the following statement about Newtonian fluid is most accurate:
# Are generally more expensive to purchase and install than other heating systems, but they Ans. Shea stress is proportional to the rate of strain
save money in the long run, # Which is not characteristic of fluids?
Ans. Heat pumps Ans. Hysteresis
# The most widely used absorption system is the ammonia-water system, where ammonia # The relationship between pressure and altitude in the atmosphere:
serves as refrigerant and H2O as the Ans. Barometric height relationship
Ans. Transport medium # Flash point means:
# Known as drum less boiler. Ans. Ignition temperature
Ans. Once-through boiler # Fire point means:
# Reduces the steam temperature by spraying low temperature water from boiler drum. Ans. None of the above
Ans. Desuperheater # Bernoulli’s equation is a
# Carbon dioxide can be removed by; Ans. Conservation of energy equation
Ans. Aeration # The pressure at given depth due to several immiscible liquid is:
# Is often used to absorb silica from water. Ans. The sum of individual pressure
Ans. Magnesium hydroxide # The relationship between pressure and altitude in the atmosphere is given by the
# Presence of excess hydrogen ions makes the water Ans. Barometric height relationship
Ans. Acidic # The fact that the buoyant force on a floating object is equal to the weight of the water
# PH of water varies with displaced
Ans. Temperature Ans. Archimedes principle
# PH value of ____ is usually maintained for boiler water to minimize corrosion. # Which of the following terms does not appear in the steady flow energy equation in the
Ans. 10.5 extended Bernoulli’s equation
# What type of turbine that has a degree of reaction of 1/2? Ans. Hysteresis losses
Ans. Rarsons turbine
# The pitot tube can be use to measure fluid velocity as described by the Bernouilli equation # Turbulent flow of a fluid in a pipe. All of the following except;
and the relationship between; Ans. Reynold’s number will be less than 2300
Ans. Kinetic energy and static pressure # Flow measuring devices include all of the following except;
# The difference between stagnation pressure and total pressure is; Ans. Magnetic dynamometer
Ans. None. The terms are interchangeable # Flow measuring devices include all of the following except;
# Fully turbulent flow in a pipe is characterized by all the following except: Ans. Mercury barometer
Ans. Parabolic velocity profile # Flow measuring devices include all of the following except;
# What is the bulk modulus of the water is; Ans. Precision tachometer
Ans. 300,000 psi # The following are all examples of indirect (secondary) measurements to measure flow rates
# Atmospheric pressure does not correspond to approximately; using obstruction meters except;
Ans. 98 N/m2 Ans. Volume tanks
# Hydraulic press is able to produce a mechanical advantage because; # The following are all examples of indirect (secondary) measurements to measure flow rates
Ans. An external pressure extended on a fluid is transmitted uniformly through its using velocity meters except;
volume Ans. Weight and mass scales
# In the operation of a hydraulic press, it is impossible for the output piston to exceed the input # The following are all examples of indirect (secondary) measurements to measure flow rates
piston using flow meters except;
Ans. Work Ans. Positive displacement meters
# If one of the management legs is inclined it is known as: # In series pipe systems which of the following parameters vary from section to section
Ans. Draft gauge except;
# Why are manometer tube generally large in diameter? Ans. Mass flow
Ans. To avoid significant capillary effect # Venturimeter, pitot static gauges, flow nozzles, manometer vary with;
# Bernoulli’s equation is an energy conservation based on several reasonable assumptions: Ans. Flow velocity and pressure
Ans. All of the above # Other name for R 729?
# Body that emits a constant emissivity, regardless of the wavelength; Ans. Air
Ans. Gray body # In an indirect refrigeration system, which of the following is used to measure the density of
# What gives the total emissive power from a black body brine?
Ans. Stefan-Boltzmann law of the fourth power Ans. Hydrometer
# What accounts for the spatial arrangement of the body and their emissivity; # Which of the following is the result of opening a hand expansion valve too much in a
Ans. Emissivity factor refrigeration system?
# The gray body shape factor is the product of the Ans. Evaporator will “freeze back” to compressor
Ans. Black body shape factor and emissivity factor If one of the manometer legs is inclined, it is known as:
# The product of the area and the shape factor is known as; Ans. Draft gauge
Ans. Geometric flux Why are monometer tubes generally large in diameter?
# Surfaces that re-radiates absorb thermal radiation are known as; Ans. To avoid significant capillary effect
Ans. Refractor materials of refractories Bernoulli’s equation is an energy conservation based on several reasonable assumptions:
# Pitot tube used to measure Ans. All of the above
Ans. Velocity Body that emits a constant emissivity, regardless of the wavelength:
# Liquid gases take the following characteristics of the containers:
Ans. Gray body
Ans. Shape
What gives the total emissive from a black body:
# For computational convenience usually classed as:
Ans. Real and ideal Ans. Stefan-boltzman law of the fourth power
# Which of the following statement about Newtonian fluid is more accurate? What accounts for the spatial arrangements of the body and their emissivity?
Ans. Shear stress is proportional to the rate of strain Ans. Emissivity factor
# Which of the following is not a characteristic of a real of fluid? The gray body shape factor is the product of the
Ans. Experience of eddy current and turbulence Ans. Black body shape factor and emissivity factor
# One could expect the possibility of Reynold’s number similarity in all of the following cases The product of the area and the shape factor is known as:
except Ans. Geometric flux
Ans. Closed pipe turbulent flow Surfaces that re-radiates absorb thermal radiation are known as:
# One could expect the possibility of Froude number similarity in all of the following cases Ans. Refractory materials of refractories
except Pito- tube used to measure
Ans. Subsonic airflows Ans. Velocity
# The absolute viscosity of a fluid varies in pressure and temperature as a function of; Liquid gases take the following characteristic of the containers:
Ans. Shear and angular deformation rate
 Ans. Shape Ans. 70 bar
For computation convenience usually classed as: Type of solid injection that use single pump supplies fuel under high pressure to a fuel
Ans. Real and ideal header.
Which of the following statement about Newtonian fluid is more accurate? Ans. Common rail injection
Ans. Shear stress is proportional to the rate of strain Water flow in diesel engine that is caused by density differential.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a real fluid? Ans. Thermosiphon cooling
Ans. Experience of eddy current and turbulence Type of lubrication system in diesel engine in which oil from pump is carried to a separate
One could expect the possibility of Reynold’s number similarity in all of the following cases storage tank outside the engine cylinder and used for high capacity engine.
except Ans. Dry sump lubricating system
Ans. Closed pipe turbulent flow Produces extreme pressure differentials and violent gas vibration
One could expect the possibility of Froude number similarity in all of the following cases Ans. Detonation
except In a spark ignition engine, the detonation occurs near the______________.
Ans. Subsonic airflows Ans. End of combustion
Difference between energy grade line (friction) and the energy line friction loss is: In a compression ignition engine, the detonation occurs near the _____________.
Ans. Friction and minor losses Ans. Beginning of combustion
The absolute viscosity of a fluid varies in pressure and temperature as a function of: Morse test is use to measure the _________ of multi-cylinder engine.
Ans. Shear and angular deformation rate Ans. Indicated power
Turbulent flow of a fluid in a pipe. All of the following are true except: Ignition delay can be minimized by adding ______ to decrease engine knocking.
Ans. Reynold’s number will be less than 2300 Ans. Ethyl nitrate
Flow measuring devices include all of the following except: The work done in throttling valve is
Ans. Mercury barometer Ans. Zero
Flow measuring devices include all of the following except: Stagnation enthalpy represents the enthalpy of a fluid when it is brought to rest ______.
Ans. Precision tachometer Ans. Adiabatically
The following are all examples of indirect (secondary) measurements to measure flow rates Represents the temperature an ideal gas attains when it is brought to rest adiabatically.
using obstruction meters except: Ans. Stagnation temperature
Ans. Volume tank After passing through a nozzle the density of fluid decreases as the fluid velocity.
The following are all examples of indirect (secondary) measurements to measure flow rates Ans. Increases
using velocity meters except: The volume flow passes through a venture meter will
Ans. Weight and mass scales Ans. Constant
The following are all examples of indirect (secondary) measurements to measure flow rates A converging-diverging nozzle is the standard equipment in
using flow meters except: Ans. Supersonic aircraft
Ans. Positive displacement meter Nozzles efficiencies range from
In series pipe systems which of the following parameters vary from section to section except: Ans. 90%-99%
Ans. Mass flow By reheating the steam before entering the second stage in Rankine cycle, which of the
Venturimeter, pitot static gauges, flow nozzles, manometers vary with: following will increase?
Ans. Flow velocity and pressure Ans. Heat rejected
Other name for R 729? Contains 90% gasoline and 10% ethanol
Ans. Air Ans. Gasohol
In an indirect refrigeration system, which of the following is used to measure the density of In an evaporator section in refrigerating unit, which of the following is the function of
the brine? evaporator?
Ans. Hydrometer Ans. Absorption of latent heat of vaporization
Which of the following is the result of opening a hand expansion valve too much in a Which of the following may not be the type of bulb in R-12 refrigeration system?
refrigeration system? Ans. Duplex
Ans. Evaporator will “freeze back” to compressor Which of the following shuts down the compressor motor when discharge pressure rises to a
Types of turbine used up to 300m head. predetermined point, it cuts in motor when pressure drops to predetermined pressure:
Ans. Deriaz turbine Ans. High pressure cut-off switch
A turbine that has a diagonal flow. Which of the following shuts down the compressor motor when discharge pressure rises to a
Ans. Deriaz turbine predetermined pressure and shuts down the compressor motor when there is decrease in
Oil is atomized either by air blast or pressure jet at about pressure in the suction line.
 Ans. Low pressure cut-off switch The ratio of total dissolved solids in the circulating water to the dissolved solids in the make-up
The P.O. service pump must have: water
Ans. A means of shutting down from outside the machinery space Ans. Ratio of concentration
The relief valve on the P.O. transfer pump discharge Through windage removes some solids, most must be removed by bleeding some of the water.
Ans. Back to the transfer pump discharge Ans. Bleed-off
When heating hot water, feed pump should at least be how many mm to prevent vapor lock? A dry cooling tower where stream travels through large diameter trunks to a cross-flow heat
Ans.1220 mm exchanger where it is condensed and cooled by air;
The water column should be provided with a valve drain at least: Ans. Direct condensing tower
Ans. 15 mm pipe size An economizer is used to:
Lubricating oils have flash points from Ans. Heat the feedwater before it enters the boiler
Ans. 375-800 degree Fahrenheit A manometer measures:
A device receives information in one form of instrument signal and transmits an output in another Ans. Air pressure
form; A pyrometer measures:
Ans. converter Ans. Stack pressure
Refinement petroleum Naphtha which by its composition is suitable for use in internal An attemperator is another name for a
combustion engine; Ans. Desuperheater
Ans. Gasoline Waterwalls are used to:
It is possible for water to get into the fuel oil by: Ans. Carry of excess heat from the furnace walls
Ans. All of the above The studs on waterwalls tubes are to:
Air chambers are attached to the: Ans. Give added surface area to tubes
Ans. Discharge side of the reciprocating pumps The heats remove from the cold area
On automatic combustion control: Ans. Use for energy transfer
Ans. Reduce the number of burners when the oil pressure approaches minimum On the upstroke of the piston, the low pressure vapor is first compressed and then discharged
specified as high pressure vapor through the discharged valves into the:
The volumetric efficiency of the compressor increases as the suction pressure: Ans. Head of the compressor
Ans. Increase The vapor that remains the clearance space at the end discharge stroke is called
As the discharge pressure increases, the volumetric efficiency: Ans. Clearance vapor
Ans. Increases Which of the following steps would you take if you found an accumulation of oil on the furnace
When the suction And discharge pressure are varied in such a direction that the compression floor?
ratio is increased, the volumetric efficiency of the compressor: Ans. Open all registers
Ans. Decrease Which of the following method can be used to clean up the inside of the boiler?
For a compressor of any given clearance, the volumetric efficiency Ans. All of the above
Ans. Varies with compression ratio Another term for the oil discharge strainer is the:
The useful energy transfer in Btu/hr divided by input power in Watts; Ans. Hot strainer
Ans. Energy efficiency ratio In a controlled feed water system the power water level maintained by:
If air is humidified by injecting steam of by pressuring the air through a hot water spray, the dry Ans. The fluctuation water level in the boiler
bulb temperature and enthalpy of air The difference between the enthalpy of the product at a specific state and the enthalpy of
Ans. Increase reactants at the same state for a complete reaction:
Air passing through a solid or absorbed bed, such as silica gel or activated alumina will: Ans. Enthalpy of reaction
Ans. Decrease in humidity The amount of heat released during a steady flow combustion process when I kg of fuel burned
A device that passes air through dense spray of recirculating water; completely at a specific temperature and pressure.
Ans. Air washer Ans. Enthalpy of combustion
The mass of water sprayed to the mass of air passing through the washer per unit time. The enthalpy of a substance at a specific state due to its chemical composition
Ans. Spray ratio Ans. Enthalpy of formation
When the cooling tower is used to provide cold water for the condense of a refrigerator system The inlet side of condenser tube are rolled and flared to:
the water circulation system will be approximately: Ans. Allows a smoother entrance flow of circulating water
Ans. 3 gal/min-ton The purpose of inspection plates on the main condenser is to:
Water lost in small droplets and carried away by the air flow: Ans. Check tubes without removing condenser heads
Ans. Drift A pump that has one steam cylinder and two liquid cylinders is called a:
 Ans. Tandem pump Ans. The fire room is supplied with air from one fan
A mixture of dry air and superheated water vapor The air cock on a boiler is located at the:
Ans. Unsaturated air Ans. Highest point of the steam and water drum
When the air is unsaturated, what is the relation between the dry bulb temperature and wet Soot blowers should be used in proper sequence so that
bulb temperature? Ans. The soot will be upright toward the uptake
Ans. Less than What is the first thing you would check on taking over a watch?
The difference between the dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature Ans. The water level
Ans. Wet bulb depression A boiler with a fan/blower located in the uptake is operating on
The relative ratio of water vapor to dry air is: Ans. Induced draft
Ans. Humidity ratio A fire room that is isolated(closed) operates on:
Also known as humidity ratio: Ans. Forced draft
Ans. Specific humidity How many feed water lines are connected to the boiler?
The ratio of the actual humidity ratio to the saturated humidity ratio: Ans. Two
Ans. Degree of saturation If the water in the gauge glass has not been blown for a period of time, the level of water in the
Also known as saturation ration: glass will be:
Ans. Percentage humidity Ans. less than that in the steam and water drum
The partial pressure of the water vapor divided by the saturation pressure: The enthalpy of fluid when it is brought to rest adiabatically
Ans. Relative humidity Ans. Stagnation enthalpy
Rapidly increasing the temperature through the air of a chord will cause the water in the gauge In the absence of any heat and work and any changes in potential energy, the stagnation
to enthalpy of a fluid during a steady flow process:
Ans. Evaporate Ans. remains constant
Since the increase in the water vapor a latent heat contents equals the decrease in the air’s During the stagnation process, which of the following is converted to enthalpy?
sensible heat, the total enthalpies before and after adiabatic saturation is: Ans. Kinetic energy
Ans. Equal The cross section of a nozzle at the smallest flow area is called:
An adiabatic saturation process follows a line of constant Ans. Throat
Ans. Dew point temperature The properties of a fluid at a location where the Mach number is unity are called:
Which of the following used with adiabatic saturation process? Ans. Critical properties
Ans. Saturation efficiency What is the average fuel oil temperature range of the oil in the discharge line?
The saturation efficiency of a large commercial air washer is typically Ans. 180-200 degree F
Ans. 80%-90% Which of the following is a common type of oil burner?
The presence of oil or scale on the boiler tubes causes: Ans. All of the above
Ans. Overheating The boiler gauge glass should be blown down.
What would you do before giving a boiler bottom blow off? Ans. At the beginning of every watch
Ans. Raise the water level Gauge pressure of 200 pounds is equivalent to what absolute pressure?
When installing a new gauge glass in water gauge, you should secure the bolts from? Ans. 215
Ans. Center, alternately, toward each end In a fuel oil service system, the quick closing fuel oil shut-off valve is located between the:
One of the main purpose of refractories in the boiler furnace is to: Ans. Master fuel oil shutoff valve and the boiler
Ans. Prevent excessive furnace heat losses A fuel oil meter placed between the fuel oil service pumps and the fuel oil heaters.
A fuel oil service pump steam valves are fitted with: Ans. Cold-type meter
Ans. Each rod leading to a location outside the fire room The presence of oil or scale on boiler tubes causes:
Water tube boilers have Ans. Overheating
Ans. No fusible plugs What would you do before giving a boiler bottom blow off:
The valve that prevents water from backing out of the boiler in the feed water line: Ans. raises the water level
Ans. Feed check valve When installing a new gauge glass in a water gauge you should secure the bolts from:
The fuel oil heater is located Ans. Center, alternately towards each ends
Ans. On the discharge side of the service pump One of the main purpose of refractories in the boiler furnace is to:
In the forced draft system: Ans. Prevent excessive furnace heat losses
Ans. One fan supplies air to all furnaces A fuel oil service pump steam valves are fitted with:
In the closed fire room system Ans. Each rod leading to a location outside the fire room
Water tube boilers have Ans. The belly plug must be removed
Ans. No fusible plugs If the cooling coils temperature is between the airs dew point, the moisture will
The valve that prevents water from backing out of the boiler in the feed water line: Ans. Condense
Ans. Feed check valve What occurs when the air passes through a water spray in an air washer?
The fuel oil heater is located Ans. Evaporative cooling process
Ans. On the discharge side of the service pump To prevent ice buildup, the cooled air temperature should be kept from dropping
In the forced draft system: Ans. Below the freezing point of water
Ans. One fan supplies air to all furnaces What precaution must be taken before using steam soot blowers?
In the closed fire room system Ans. Drain thoroughly
Ans. The fire room is supplied with air from one fan Which of the following would you do before blowing the tubes with steam soot blower?
The air cock on a boiler is located at the: Ans. All of the above
Ans. Highest point of the steam and water drum Which of the following would cause a flareback?
Soot blowers should be used in proper sequence so that Ans. Trying to relight from hot
Ans. The soot will be upright toward the uptake Sputtering oil burners might indicate
What is the first thing you would check on taking over a watch? Ans. Water in the fuel oil
Ans. The water level The boiler feed water in the feed water heater is heated by:
A boiler with a fan blower located in the uptake is operating on Ans. Auxiliary exhaust steam
Ans. Induced draft
A fire room that is isolated (closed) operates on: If the boiler is smoking white smoke, a possible cause would be:
Ans. Forced draft Ans. Too much air
How many feed water lines are connected to the boiler? The Edwards-type air pump has:
Ans. Two Ans. One set of valve
If the water in the gauge glass has not been blown down for a period, the level of water in the A scoop condenser is a:
glass will be: Ans. Single pass condenser
Ans. Less than that in the steam and water The purpose of the steam to baffle in a condenser
The enthalpy of fluid when it is brought to rest adiabatically. Ans. Prevent the steam from hitting directly on the cooler tubes
Ans. Stagnation enthalpy The condenser vacuum feed valve is open and the water in the reserve tank is dry. The result is:
In the absence of any heat and work and any changes in potential energy, the stagnation Ans. A loss of vacuum
enthalpy of a fluid during a steady flow process; The division plate in a two-pass-condenser
Ans. Remains constant Ans. Prevents the circulating water from passing directly to overload discharge
During the stagnation process, which of the following is converted to enthalpy? The holes in Kinghorn-valve disks
Ans. Kinetic energy Ans. B
The cross section of a nozzle at the smallest flow area is called: The equilibrium temperature that a regular thermometer measure if exposed to atmospheric
Ans. Throat air:
The properties of a fluid at a location where a Mach number is unity are called: Ans. Dry bulb temperature
Ans. Critical properties The temperature of air that has gone through an adiabatic saturation process
What is the average fuel oil temperature range of the oil in the discharge line? Ans. Wet bulb temperature
Ans. 180-200 degree Fahrenheit If the vapor pressure equals the saturation process, the air is said to be:
Which of the following is a common type of burner? Ans. Saturated
Ans. All of the above When the air is saturated, the dry bulb, wet bulb and the dew point temperature are
The boiler gauge glass should be blown down. Ans. Equal
Ans. At the beginning of every watch On taking over a watch, one should check
Gauge pressure of 200 pounds is equivalent to what absolute pressure? Ans. All of the above
Ans. 215 When you are cleaning fuel oil burner tips, use a
In a fuel oil service system, the quick closing fuel oil shut-off valve is located between the: Ans. Brass knife
Ans. Master fuel oil shutoff The amount of steam generated by a boiler is dependent upon
A fuel oil meter placed between the fuel oil service pump and fuel oil heater Ans. All of the above
Ans. Cold-type meter A boiler operated at a pressure not exceeding 1.055 kg/cm2 gauge steam of temperature not
When securing a scotch boiler exceeding 120oC.
 Ans. Low pressure heating boiler Ans. Equal
No part of the steam generator should be closer than how many from the wall? -On taking over a watch, one should check
Ans. 1 m Ans. All of the above
Steam generator should be mounted over a suitable foundation or concrete not less than 305 -When you are cleaning fuel oil burner tips, use a
mm thick and with sufficient area at base to be supported the bearing capacity of the soil with a Ans. Brass knife
factor of safety of -The amount of steam generated by a boiler is dependent upon
Ans. Not less than 4 Ans. All of the above
No smoke stacks should be closer than how many millimeters from the exposed woodwork or
framing -A boiler operated at pressure not exceeding 1.055 gauge steam of steam temperature not
exceeding 120oC.
Ans. 305 mm
Ans. Low pressure heating boiler
The air on an extinguisher fire should be
-No part of the steam generator should be closer than how many from the wall?
Ans. Kept closed Ans. 1m
Too low F.O. temperature will cause -Steam generator should be mounted over a suitable foundation or concrete of not less than
Ans. Poor combustion and smoky fires 305 mm thick and with sufficient area at base to be supported the bearing capacity of the soil a
-when securing a scotch boiler factor of safety of
Ans. The belly plug must be remove Ans. Not less than 4
-if the cooling coils temperature is between the airs dew point, the moisture will -No smoke stacks should be closer than how many millimeters from exposed wood work or
Ans. Condense framing?
-what occurs when the air passes through a water spray in an air washer? Ans. 305 mm
Ans. Evaporative cooling process -The air register on an extinguisher fire should be
-to prevent ice build up, the cooled air temperature should be kept from dropping Ans. Kept closed
Ans. Below freezing point of water -Too low F.O. temperature will cause
-What precaution must be taken before using steam soot blowers? Ans. Poor combustion and smoky fires
Ans. All of the above -When the fuel-oil temperature is too high it causes
-Which of the following would cause a flareback? Ans. Carbon deposits on the fuel-oil heater coils
Ans. Trying to relight from hot brickwork -A dry cooling tower where steam is condensed by cold water jets
-Sputtering oil burners might indicate Ans. Indirect condensing dry cooling tower
Ans. Water in the fuel oil -The hot condensate is pumped to cross heat exchangers whose it is cooled by.
-The boiler feed water in the feed water heater is heated by: Ans. Air
Ans. Auxiliary exhaust steam -which of the following is the refrigerant “of choice” in entering air conditioning
-If a boiler is smoking white smoke, a possible cause could be: Ans. R-22
Ans. Too much air -In new equipment, which of the following replaces R-11
-The Edwards-type air pump has; Ans. R-12
Ans. One set of valve -The super heater is used to
-A scoop condenser is a: Ans. Remove moisture from steam
Ans. Single pass condenser -Water tube boiler are
- The purpose of the steam baffle in a condenser is to: Ans. Rolled in
Ans. Prevent the steam from hitting directly on the cooler tubes -The recirculating valve is used to
-The condenser vacuum feed valve is open and the water in the reserve tank is dry. Ans. Recirculate and heat the fuel oil prior to lighting off
Ans. A loss of vacuum -The fusible plug in a scotch boiler are found in the
-The division plate in a two-pass-condenser Ans. Fire tubes
Ans. Prevents the circulating water from passing directly to overload discharge -Which of the following valves are arrange in a Y-branch fitting?
-The holes in kinghorn-valve discs Ans. Boiler-drum safety valves
Ans. B -The coils in the feedwater heater are secured by.
-The equilibrium temperature that a regular thermometer measure if exposed to atmospheric Ans. Union fitting
air; -Natural draft towers can cool the water to within.
Ans. Dry bulb temperature Ans. 10 to 12oF
-The temperature of air that has gone through an adiabatic saturation process Force draft towers can cool the water to within
Ans. Wet bulb temperature Ans. 5 to 8oF
-if the vapor pressure equals the saturation process the air is said to be -When you light a fire in the burner, you must always
Ans. Saturated Ans. Use a torch
-When the air is saturated, the dry bulb, wet bulb and dew point temperature are
-The recirculating line on the burner valves returns the oil to the -The air pressure supplied to the boiler is measure in
Ans. Suction side of service pump Ans. Inches of water
-The valve which shuts off liquid line with the least amount of resistance to flow. -The condensate from the coils in the fuel oil heater to the fuel oil heaters goes to the
Ans. Gate valve Ans. Observation tank
-The process applied to iron pipe which retards corrosion is called The valve between the fuel oil heaters and the burner valve is called the
Ans. Galvanizing Ans. Root valve
-Listed in sequence, iron pipe series are; -The safety device located in the crown sheet of a scotch boiler is called a
Ans. ¼ ,3/8, ½, ¾ Ans. Fusible plug
-The two main purpose of the main condenser are; -Tube retarders in scotch boilers are used to
Ans. Convert exhaust steam to water Ans. Slow down the combustion gases
-Pyrometer is a -In Order for oil to burn properly it must
Ans. High temperature thermometer Ans. Al of the above
-The temperature and humidity of the air to be used for comfort cooling shall be maintained at -The steam that is discharge from safety valves goes to the
effective temperature at air movement within the range from Ans. Atmospheric line
Ans. 0.0762 to 0.127m/s -The polytrophic exponent approaches one with the change in the process____approaches
-As the air enters the living zone the air motion in such occupied space and which the only zero
source of contaminants shall have a velocity of not more than Ans. Temperature
Ans. 0.294m/s -The change in kinetic energy of a process ___ as the change in temperature of the process
-In air conditioning and ventilation standards, as the air enters into living zone, the distance path increases
above the floor is Ans. Increases
Ans. 1.603mm -The final temperature of an isobaric process if the system work in a _____Quantity and the
-Carbon dioxide concentration in air when measured 910 mm above the floor shall be Surrounding heat transfer to the system
estimated Ans. Positive
Ans. 1000ppm -As the volume of an isothermal expansion process approaches its first value the rate of
-The useful refrigerating effect equals to 211kj/mm is change in the system pressure.
Ans. Tons of refrigeration Ans. Decreases
-Another name for the fuel oil suction strainer; -As a fluid flow through a pipe , their potential energy
Ans. Cold strainer Ans. Decreases
-In a manually controlled feed water heater system the proper water level is maintained by -The heat of compression___ as suction vapor becomes super heated
Ans. Operating the feed check valve Ans. Increases
-The actual refrigerating capacity of the compressor -The heat content of the refrigeration cycle____ when a liquid- suction line heat exchanger is
Ans. Always less than the theoretical capacity installed
-The ratio of the actual displacement of the compressor to its piston displacement Ans. Remains the same
Ans. Total or real volumetric efficiency -The COP of refrigeration cycle___ with subcooling
-Cyclone super heater are located in the Ans. Increases
Ans. Steam and water drum
-The purpose of the blow valve is -Which defrost method is commonly used small commercial application where the forms on
Ans. Removes oil and scum from surface of water the evaporator surfaces?
-The purpose of the salinometer cock is to Ans. Hot gas
Ans. Obtain a sample of boiler water for testing -Which of the following liquid-chilling evaporator types incorporates overflow heat
-Salt in boiler water usually contains from exchangers?
Ans. Leaky condenser tubes Ans. Baudelot
-Before blowing down a boiler always -Which of the following is not a unit of energy?
Ans. Open skin valves Ans. Watt
-The mass flow rate produced by the compressor is -The unit of special heat are:
Ans. Equal to the mass of the suction vapor that the compressor takes in the entire suction inlet Ans. Btu/lbm.oF
unit time -Phase change process are constant________process.
-In order to increase back pressure, one must Ans. None of the above
Ans. Close in on the back pressure valve -Which of the following sequences accurately indicates the responses that occur when heat is
-The actual steam that condenses in the feedwater heater transferred from a gas?
Ans. Discharge to the hotwell Ans. Sensible heat of vapors, latent heat of vaporization, sensible heat of liquids, latent heat of
-The excess steam pressure in the back pressure system exhausts to the fusion, sensible heat of fluids
Ans. Atmosphere through a relief valve -Btu/lbm are units of
Ans. Specific enthalpy Ans. Industrial air conditioning process
-As a liquid changes phase to vapor, its enthalpy -______ is one of the most common application of mechanical refrigeration.
Ans. Increases Ans. Preservation of perishable commodities.
- As a liquid changes phase to a vapor , its entropy -The air conditioning systems for cabins on a luxury ocean liner belongs to the ____ category.
Ans. Decreases Ans. Commercial air conditioning
-The vaporization process that occurs at temperatures below the triple point of a substance Mechanical refrigeration system makes it possible to;
is_____ Ans. All of the above
Ans. Sublimation -As the liquid changes to a vapor. The enthalpy
-The Vaporization process that occurs when the vapor pressure of a substance is equal to the Ans. Increases
atmospheric pressure is: -Which of the following systems has the most complicated oil return system?
Ans. Boiling Ans. Direct staged
-As the pressure of a vapor increases, the amount of work increases and its enthalpy__ -Which of the following process does not after the kinetic energy level of a substance?
Ans. Increases Ans. Fusion
-The entropy of R-134a in a saturated liquid phase at 40 psi is approximately -200 degrees F is equal to
Ans.21 BTU/lb-oF Ans. None of the above
-The latent heat of vaporization of R-134a in its saturated vapor phase at 0 degree C is -An evaporator in a refrigeration unit makes use of which heat transfer mode?
approximately. Ans. All of the above
Ans.196.7Kj/Kg -When a service technician places his/her hand on a suction line to check the operation of a
-The condenser of a commercial display cause that is located within the unit is called system, he/she is using which heat transfer modes?
Ans. B and C Ans. Conduction
-Which of the following characteristics of early refrigeration systems which applies to today’s -Energy added to a vapor is known as Ans. B and C
units. -The rate of changes velocity is called:
Ans. Relative expensive Ans. Acceleration
-Mechanical refrigeration system make it possible in. -Which of the following devices should be used to measure a pressure of 90kpa?
Ans. All of the above Ans. All of the above
-_______is method used to reduce the dehydration of sensitive fruits and vegetable during the -The height of the mercury column in a barometer placed on a mountain with a local pressure
chilling process of 12.5 psi will be?
Ans. Water chilling Ans. All of the above.
-Which of the following is not a step in preparing vegetables for frozen storage? -A compound gauge measuring a pressure of 22.44 inches of mercury is equivalent to an
Ans. Coating with syrup absolute pressure of
-Loss of food juices by osmosis is a consequence of the ______ freezing process. Ans. 11.0 Psia
Ans. Immersion -The electric meter on a home or building measure the amount of that was consumed over the
-Heat transfer that occurs primarily by conduction is used for ____ freezing process. billing period.
Ans. All of the above Ans. Energy
-A disadvantage of sharp freezing is the -Which of the following is not a method of food preservation?
Ans. All of the above Ans. Grilling
-Frozen storage chamber temperature set points are usually. -Which of the following is not plant, animal or fungi?
Ans. -20.5 degree C Ans. Enzyme
-Which of the following is not a unit of density? -Which of the following refrigerant group denote a more toxic vapor?
Ans. Lb/ft3 Ans. B3
-Wrapping and refrigerating food products extends the storage life of -What is the molecular weight of helium in 3600 Btu lb K?
Ans. Meat Ans. 4.0 lb mol
-The approximate life of strawberries is. -In an isobaric process changes in pressure can be caused by changes in.
Ans. None of the above Ans. None of the above
-Which of the following is not category of refrigeration application? -Boyles law states that pressure and volume changes in gas process is ___related.
Ans. Transportation air conditioning Ans. Inversely
-Which of the following is not an industrial application -As a gas is heated in an isothermal gases the volume
Ans. Meat display cases Ans. Increases
-Which of the following variable is not most often maintain by a commercial air conditioning -As a gas is heated in an isobaric gases the volume
unit? Ans. Decreases
Ans. Temperature -As a gas is heated in an isometric gases the volume
-Providing clean, filtered air for trouble free operation of equipment and instrumentation is a Ans. Remains constant
function of? -As the volume of a gas decreases, its specific gas constant
Ans. Remains constant Ans. Decreasing the suction pressure
-Vapor do not behave as ideal gases because they experience -The mechanical efficiency of a compressor_____ as the compressor load increases.
Ans. Friction Ans. Remain the same
-The unit of latent heat of vaporization are: -The saturated suction temperature used in the selection of a compressor corresponds to the
Ans. None of the above pressure of the vapor at the
-The unit of latent heat of fusion are: Ans. Inlet of the compressor
Ans. Btu-lbm -A smaller temperature difference between the refrigerant in the liquid line and that in the
-A smaller temperature difference between the refrigerant in the liquid line and that in the evaporator ____ the mass flow rate of the refrigerant needed per ton of refrigerating effect.
evaporator___ the mass flow rate of the refrigerant needed per ton of refrigeration effect. Ans. Decreases
Ans. Decreases -The difference between the saturation pressure in the evaporator and that in the condenser___
-Oil separator are used in system where: as the suction temperature decreases.
Ans. All of the above Ans. Increases
-Which evaporator design incorporates secondary surface heat transfer? -The COP and the efficiency of a refrigeration cycle____ as the vaporizing temperature
Ans. Finned-tube increases
-Eutectic filled plate evaporator have a higher_____ than evacuated plate evaporators: Ans. Increases
Ans. All of the above -The volume of vapor that the compressor must handle per minute per ton____ as the
-Which evaporator circuit configuration is less effective when used in expansion load vaporizing temperature increases.
applications. Ans. Decreases
Ans. Cross-flow -The quantity of heat rejected at the condenser per unit capacity per minute____ as the
-Which of the following evaporators feed methods produces the greatest surface without the vaporizing temperature decreases.
used of a liquid pump. Ans. Decreases
Ans. Flooded -As the amount of scale on the refrigerant tubes of an evaporative condenser increases, the
-What type of force convection unit cooler is used in vegetable storage application that require scale formation of hot surfaces
a velocity of approximately 120m/min? Ans. Decreases
Ans. Medium velocity -As the cycles of concentration in a tower or evaporative increases, the scale formation of hot
-Which of the following is not a hydrocarbon refrigerants surfaces:
Ans. inane Ans. Increases
-Which of the following refrigerants is most hazardous? -The____ can only be effectively employed in industrial process that has constant refrigeration
Ans. R-717 load.
-A mixture of two or more refrigerants is called a___ Ans. Hand expansion valve
Ans. Zoetrope -The device used to transfer forces across a sealed boundary is called:
-Dessicants are used to remove___ from refrigerants Ans. Diaphragm
Ans. Moisture -The device used to measure the effects of a large pressure drop across the evaporator is called
-As an oil-miscible refrigerant mixes with oil, the viscosity of the oil___ a
Ans. Decreases Ans. External equalizer
-The society that sponsors research on refrigerants is called: -The mass flow rate of refrigerant per unit capacity____ as the condensing pressure
Ans. ASHRAE decreases.
-The scale factor for hard water used in a condenser is: Ans. Decreases
Ans. 0.002 -It consists of a tapered glass tube set vertically in the fluid or gaseous piping system with its
-As the altitude of a forced air-condenser increases, the surface are of the coil or volume flow large end at the top and a metering float free to move vertically in the tube
rateof the fan must: Ans. Rotameter
Ans. Increase -Also termed as monitor light, it indicates which among a number of normal conditions of a
-As the water temperature entering a water-cooled condenser decrease, the power drawn by system or device exist.
the compressor. Ans. Pilot light
Ans. Decrease -Which of the following is not a caliper?
-Which of the does not increase the volumetric efficiency of a compressor? Ans. Feeler gage
Ans. Decreasing the discharge pressure -An underground formation that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield
-What is the compressor operating with a 30 psig suction pressure and a discharge pressure? significant quantities of water.
Ans. 3.13 Ans. Aquifer
-As the length of the tubes in a chiller barrel increases, the pressure drop across the inlet and -Chemical used to speed up sewage sedimentation:
outlet of the barrel: Ans. Lime
Ans. Increases -Power expenditure when a current of the one ampere flow across two points having a voltage
-_____ decreases the volumetric efficiency of a compressor drop of one volt.
Ans. Watt A valve held closed by a spring or other means and designed automatically relieve pressure in
-Prandtl number for air is generally in the order of excess of its settling. Ans. Pressure relieve device.
Ans. 0.70
Relative humidity of air to be used in standard air cooling: Ans. 55%-60% A refrigerants which should not be used in public assembly occupancies. Ans. Group 3
A refrigerating system in which the pressure-imposing element is mechanically operated: Ans. refrigerants
Compression
A cushioning device all the end of a trolley, bridge or other moving parts of a crane operating Fire involving flammable liquids and gases. Ans. Class B fires
on rails to minimize shock
in the event of collision: Ans. Buffer Mechanics of water or other liquids whether at rest or motion. Ans. Hydraulics

A boom type mobile crane mounted on endless track or treated belts: Ans. Crawler crane Measure the pressure of water discharging from a nozzle by having its open end on the water
and the end connected to a manometer. Ans. Pitot Tube
An apparatus for raising or lowering a load by the application of a pulling force but does not
include a car or platform riding in guides: Ans. Hoist A vertical turbine pump with the pump and the motor closed coupled and designed to be
installed underground. Ans. Submersible pump
Most widely used industrial pressure gage applied to both pressure and vacuum: Ans. Bourdon
tube gage Which of the following is a type of deep well pump. Ans. All of the above.

Hydrocarbons found in liquefied petroleum gas: Ans. All of the above Steel pipe coated with zinc to resist corrosion. Ans. Galvanized pipe

Which of the following is not a solid fuel: Ans. Tar A fitting with a number of branches in the connecting the smaller pipes. Ans. Manifold

Amount of cooling produced by 2000 lbs of ice in melting over a period of 24 hrs.: Ans. B The ratio of peak load to the Average load is termed as _____ in variable load nomenclature.
and C Ans. Load factor

It smoothens the flow due to the nature of flow of the liquid from a reciprocating pump: Ans. A heat exchange device used to provide heat transfer between exhaust gases and the air prior
Air Chamber to its entrance to the combustor. Ans. Regenerator

Science of force exerted by water in motion: Ans. Hydrodynamics In a sensible heating process, the moisture content: Ans. Remains constant

Lowest permissible water level of a boiler without internal furnace: Ans. 1/3 height of shell Flow on both sides on a normal shockwave: Ans. Supersonic on one side, Subsonic on the
other
In pumps, it transmits power from the driver to the impeller: Ans. Shaft
A change of phase directly from vapor to solid, without passing through the liquid state: Ans.
Cavitation occurs when the pressure at any point inside a pump drops below the vapor Deposition
pressure corresponding to the temperature of liquid. Its effect include: Ans. All of the above
What reaction occurs when the enthalpy of the product is less than the enthalpy of the
Positive displacement pump consisting of a fixed casing containing gears, cams, screws, reactants? Ans. Exothermic
vanes, plungers or similar elements actuated by rotation of the drive shaft. Ans. Rotary pumps
A well designed engine has a volumetric efficiency within the ranged: Ans. 75%-90%
Branch of which is larger than the run. Ans. Bull head tee
It is referred to as the maximum continuous power available from a hydroelectric power plant
A larger pipe or drum into which each group of boiler is connected: Ans. Header even under the most adverse hydraulic condition: Ans. Firm power

In pipe identification, the color fro pipe used for electricity: Ans. Light orange There are how many feed water lines connected to the boiler? Ans. Two

Has the same equipment as the refrigerating circuits each with a condenser, evaporator, and a It is the difference in pressure as measured above or below the atmospheric pressure. Ans.
pressure imposing elements, where the evaporator of one circuit cools the condenser of the Draft
other circuit. Ans. Cascade
The compression ratio of a gas turbine is in the range of 5-8. Ans. 5 to 8
The temperature of air to be used for comfort cooling shall be in the range of: Ans. 20 deg to
23.3 deg The average pH of a normal rainfall is generally: Ans. Slightly less than 7
Another term used for liquid valve. Ans. King valve A device in vapor compression refrigeration system whose primary function is to meter the
The coefficient of performance of a domestic (local) refrigerator is always: Ans. Greater than flow of
one Refrigerant to the evaporator: Ans. Thermostatic expansion valve

A belt-Coleman cycle is a reversed : Ans. Joule cycle From the mathematical perspective, a thermodynamic property is: Ans. A point function

In an air compressor system, the function of a receiver is to: Ans. Collects water and grease In the production of beer, a raw materials called yeast is added in the: Ans. Starting tubs
suspended in air
Purpose is to keep the moisture from entering the system. Ans. Dehydrator
General layout plan for each floor drawn to scale should not be less than scale of: Ans. 1:200
Medium pressure as applied to valves and fittings implies that a working pressure of _____ is
Highest vapor drop in a vapor compression refrigeration cycle occurs in the: Ans. Expansion suitable enough. Ans. 862-1200psi
valve
A liquid-vapor mixture with a dryness factor is allowed to absorb heat. Which of the following
Which of the following pairs represent the two broad classification of lubricating oils? Ans. is likely to occur? Ans. Increases
Straight and Additives
Work rooms referring to the maintenance shop and machine rooms shall be _____ in the
A form of misalignment between the pump and the driver shaft wherein the shafts are height from floor to the ceiling? Ans. 3,000mm
concentric but not parallel. Ans. Angular Misalignment
Defined as a passageway made of sheet metal or other suitable material not necessarily leak
In the field of metal corrosion, it is the process wherein it exhibits in the quality deterioration tight, used for conveying air or other gases at low temperature. Ans. Duct
of metals: Ans. Passivation
As a good practical rule, the foundation depth may be taken as _____ times the engine stroke,
It is the ratio of the density of liquid substance to the density of water at standard conditions: the lower factor for well-balanced multi-cylinder engine and the higher factor for engines with
Ans. Specific gravity fewer cylinder s or on less firm soil: Ans. 3.2 to 4.2

Term associated with an increase on pressure on a pipe caused by sudden velocity decrease. What is the suggested maximum permissible dos (MDP) of a gamma ray exposed for
Ans. Water hammer individuals now working in a nuclear environment in rem year? Ans. ½

A process which takes place without change in volume. Ans. Isochoric Most commercially petroleum lubricating oil deteriorates starting from temperature of: Ans.
200 F
Weir refers to an opening: Ans. Having partial full flow
States that the external pressure applied to a confined liquid increases the pressure of every
The Westphal balance is a laboratory instrument used to: Ans. Specific gravity point in the fluid by an amount equal to the external pressure: Ans. Pascal’s Law

Generally, permissible velocity of water flowing through concrete tunnel is: Ans. 4-5 m/s The average fuel-oil temperature range of the oil in the discharge line to the boilers. Ans. 180-
200 F
Refrigerant used in passenger aircraft bins. Ans. Air
Boiler gage glasses should be blown down: Ans. At the start of every watch
It refers to atoms of the same atomic number but differ in atomic masses and molecular
weights. Ans. Isotopes The lowest portion of the storage basin where the water is not drawn: Ans. Dead storage

Piston rings are normally made of: Ans. Cast Iron Which among the following do not measure relative humidity? Ans. Piezometer

Two isothermal and two reversible adiabatic process comprise a: Ans. Carnot cycle Water behind the dam of a hydro electric power plant? Ans. Pondage

In terms of viscosity, density can be expressed as: Ans. Dynamic viscosity/ kinematic viscosity Converts energy of water to mechanical energy: Ans. Turbine

Compressor often used in supercharging Diesel engine: Ans. Root blower type Ratio of average load to the rating of the equipment supplying the load. Ans. Plant factor

In treating a person whose eyes accidentally got in contact with Freon use: Ans. Sterile Ratio of actual maximum demand load to the connected load. Ans. Demand factor
mineral oil
A device which preheats feed water by utilizing the heat of the flue gases. Ans. Economizer
Study of the proportion of water vapor content of air. Ans. Air conditioning
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed but can only be transformed from one form to another.
Actual temperature of air. Ans. Dry bulb temperature Ans. First law of thermodynamics

For a machine foundation with class A mixture what is the proportion of cement, sand and In standard Otto cycle when the compression ratio is increased then the thermal efficiency
gravel? Ans. 1:2:4 will: Ans. Increase

Component included in the proximate analysis of fuel. Ans. Ash, moisture, Volatile matter, Heat energy produced by the movement of molecule within a substance caused by its
fixed carbon temperature. Ans. Internal energy

The prime mover must have its main steam line: Ans. In loops The law which states that one cannot operate a 100% efficient machine. Ans. 2nd law of
thermodynamics
Intercooler are primarily used with: Ans. Gas compressors
In relation to brake power the instrument used to measure torque: Ans. Dynamometer
In the psychrometric chart, the diagonal lines represents: Ans. Wet bulb temperature
Ratio of the radiation of an actual body to the radiation of the black body. Ans. Emittance
Moderator in certain types of nuclear reactors. Ans. Heavy water
Refrigerant used in ice plant. Ans. Ammonia
The main advantage of turbulous boilers. Ans. Steam pressure can be raised in short time
Measures the pressure of water discharging from the nozzle by having its open end in the
The law which states that the entropy of all perfect crystalline solids is zero at absolute zero water and the other end connected to a manometer. Ans. Pitot tube
temperature. Ans. 3rd law of thermodynamics
Defined as a wall designed to prevent the spread of fire having a fir resistance for four hours.
Operates between two constant temperature reservoir. Ans. Carnot engine Ans. Fire wall

Specific measurements of moisture content of air. Ans. Degree of saturation The work done per unit charge when the charge is moved from one point to another? Ans.
Potential at a point
Simultaneous on site generation of electric energy and steam from the same plant output. Ans.
Co-generation In the relation of PVⁿ is constant, what value makes the process isobaric? Ans. Zero

Instrument used for pressure readings. Ans. Manometer In actual gas behavior, molecular collisions are: Ans. Inelastic

Instrument used to analyze gases. Ans. Orsat Apparatus An ideal refrigeration should have: Ans. Low freezing point

The chemical formula of R-12 or dichlorofluoromethane. Ans. CCL₂F₂ The immediate undesirable products from the petroleum based lubricating oil subjected to
high pressure and temperature is referred as: Ans. Carbon Dioxide
Which of the following is not desirable property of a refrigerant? Ans. Low thermal
conductivity A rotary dynamic pump, fluid is at no time confined by moving boundaries in its passage
through the pump. Ans. Non-positive displacement pump
Refrigerant widely used in room air conditions. Ans. R-22
Also known as tangential or Pelton wheel. Ans. Impulse turbine
What occurs when pumps are connected in parallel? Ans. Increase discharge, same head
Term given to a chimney made of steel. Ans. Stack
Which of the following is not a cause of cavitation? Ans. Low velocity
An integral part of reaction turbine used to recover energy head. Ans. Draft tube
Pipe attached to the penstock to be able to let the water be at atmospheric pressure. Ans. Surge
chamber Based on good practice, the vertical distance from the floor soil level to the top edge of the
foundation must be around _____ as minimum distance in machiner foundation. Ans. 6 inches
Which of the following is not considered as gaseous fuel? Ans. Bunker
The geometric view factor for a black body is always. Ans. One
Ratio of the density of a liquid to the density of water. Ans. Specific Gravity For every 1000ft ascent, there is a corresponding pressure decrease approximately. Ans. 1 in
Measurement of randomness or disorder. Ans. Entropy of Hg.
Used for impounding water storage and for creating head for the power plant. Ans. Dam A small fitting with a double offset, or shaped like the letter C with the ends turned out. Ans.
Cross-cover
The temperature at which the phase change takes place at a given pressure. Ans. Saturation
pressure Material interposed between two relatively moving machine elements to reduce wear and tear:
Ans. Lubricant
Distinguishes the system from its surroundings may be at rest or in motion. Ans. Boundary
Measure temperature by electromotive force: Ans. Thermocouple
Quality is a measure of: Ans. Dryness
According to SAE which of the following is a type of lubricating oil? Ans. All of the above
The highest pressure under which distinguished liquid vapor phase can exist in equilibrium:
Ans. Critical pressure A device that information in one form of an instrument signal and transmits an output signal
on another form: Ans. Digital
In a thermodynamic gaseous substance, the relationship between P-V-T given by the: Ans.
Equation of state A device whose function to pass on information in an unchanged form or in some modified
term. Ans. Switch
A correction factor for gas approaching real gas behavior: Ans. Compressibility factor
A device that receives information on one form of one or more physical quantities modifies
Furl production process wherein heavy oil is changed into gasoline by means of a high the information and/or its form and produces a resultant output signal. Ans. Transducer
pressure, high temperature and longer exposure time. Ans. Thermal cracking
Which of the following is not a requirement in designing pipe installations? Ans. Galvanized
A shut off valve for controlling the flow of refrigerant. Ans. Stop valve pipe should be used for steam

Measured by the amount of its pressure below the prevailing atmospheric pressure. Ans. Part of a valve used to guide and support valve stem: Ans. Bonnet
Partial vaccum
In piping installations, the color of pipe tube used for water is: Ans. Green
A relief valve that can positively lift the disc from its seat at least 1.5 mm when there is no
pressure in the boiler. Ans. Water relief valve The color code for pipes used in communication. Ans. White

Vapor produced in the vaporization of a small amount of liquid refrigerant downstream of the Which of the method is used for classifying coal. Ans. All of the above
expansion valve. Ans. Flash gas
Alcohol frequently considered as fuel for internal combustion engine. Ans. Ethyl alcohol
Product of the rate of evaporation and the factor of evaporation. Ans. Equivalent evaporation
Measure of resistance to flow. Ans. Viscosity
Difference between the indicated power and the brake power. Ans. Friction power
Converts Solar energy to electrical energy. Ans. Photovoltaic cell
In Diesel power plant, its purpose is to reduce the weight-to-power ratio: Ans. Supercharging
Which of the following is not an instrument used to measure flow rates? Ans. Velometer
Change of phase from solid to gas. Ans. Sublimation
Refrigeration follows what cycle? Ans. Reversed Carnot cycle
The memory lost when operating power is removed. Ans. Volatile memory
An evaporator constructed on pipe tubing. Ans. Expansion coil
A refrigeration system using direct method in which refrigerant is delivered to two or more
evaporators in space room or in refrigerators. Ans. Multi-pressure Reinstalled or second hand boilers shall have a minimum factor of safety of? Ans. 6
A line that shows the rotation of the consumption and the load a steam turbine generator. Ans.
The carbon dioxide concentration of air in all rooms when measured 910mm above the floor Willans Line
space not exceed: Ans. 100ppm
Instrument that indicate the percentage of carbon dioxide in flue gases in a power plant. Ans.
Consists of helmets shall be removed immediately after having been used or the seal broken, Ranarex indicator
must be removed atleast every: Ans. 2 years
For real process, the net entropy change in the universe is: Ans. Positive
Pump whose purpose is to increase the effective water pressure by sucking water from public
service main or private use water system: Ans. Booster pump The sum of the internal energy and the product of the pressure and specific volume. Ans.
Enthalpy
 Wet material, containing 220% moisture (dry basis) is to be dried at the rate of 1.5 kg/s in a
Ratio of the maximum demand of the system to the rated capacity of the system. Ans. continuous dryer to give a product containing 10% (dry basis). Find the moisture removed,
Utilization factor kg/hr.
Solution:
Source of thermal energy. Ans. All of the above Solid in wet feed = solid in dried product
[1/(1 + 2.2)](1.5) = [1/(1 + 0.1)](x)
Cycle that has two isentropic and two isometric process. Ans. Otto cycle x = 0,5156 kg/s (total dried product)
Moisture removed = 1.5 – 0.5156 = 0.984 kg/s = ___________ANS.
Cycle that has two isentropic and two isobaric process. Ans. Brayton cycle
# Copra enters a dryer contacting 70% moisture and leaves at 7% moisture. Find the moisture
# Two kilogram of gas is confined in a 1 m3 tank at 200 kpa and 88°C. What type of gas is in removed on each pound of solid in final product.
the tank? Solution:
Solution: Solid in wet feed = solid in dried product
PV=mRT 0.3x = 1
200(1) = 2(8.314/M) (88+273) x = 3.333 lbs
M = 30 1= 0.93y
Therefore: gas is Ethane Y = 1.07527 lb
Moisture removed = x – y = 3.333 – 1.07527 = _________ ANS.
# Find the enthalpy of helium if its internal energy is 200 KJ/kg.
Solution: # A 1 m x 1.5 m cylindrical tank is full of oil with SG = 0.92. Find the force acting at the
R = 8.314/4 = 2.0785 bottom of the tank in dynes.
K = 1.667 for helium Solution:
Cp = k R/(k-1) = 2.0785/(1.667 – 1) = 3.116 KJ/kg-K P = w h = (0.92 x 9.81) (1.5) = 13.5378 kpa
F = PA = 13.5378(π/4 x 12) = 10,632 KN = 10,632.56 N x 10,000 dynes/N
h/ = Cp/Cv F = ____________ANS.
/200 = 5.195/3.116
# Find the pressure at the 100 fathom depth of water in kpag
= ______________ANS Solution:
H = 100 fathom x 6 = 600 ft
# Compute the mass of a 2 m3 propane at 280 kpa and 40°C. P = w h = (600/3,281)(9.81) = ______________ANS.
Solution:
Propane is C3 H8 --------- M = 12(3) + 8(1) = 44 # Find the depth in furlong of the ocean (SG = 1.03) if the pressure at the sea bed is 2,032.56
PV = mRT kpag.
280(2) = m(8.314/44)(40+273) Solution:
m = ____________ ANS P=wh
2,032.56 = (1.03 x 9.81) h
# A thermal power plant has a heat rate of a 11,363 Btu/kw-hr. Find the thermal efficiency of H = 201.158 m x 3.281ft/m x 1 yd/3ft x 1 furlong/220 yd = 1 furlong
the plant.
Solutionj: # Find the mass of 10 quartz of water.
eth = 3412/Heat rate = 3412/11,363 = _________ANS. Solution:
V = 10 quartz x 1gal/4quartz x 3.785li/gal x 1m3/1000li
# What is the hydraulic gradient of a 1 mile, 17 inches inside diameter pipe when 3300 V= 0.0094625 x 10-3 m3
gal/min of water flow with f = 0.03. W = m/V
Solution: 1000 = m/0/0094625 x 10-3
V = (3300/7.481)/(π/4)(17/12)2(60) = 4.66 ft/s m = __________ ANS.
L = 1 mile = 5280 ft
hL = fLv2/2gD = 0.03(5280)(4.66)2/2(32.2)(17/12) = 37.7 ft # Find the mass of carbon dioxide having a pressure of 20 psia at 200°F with 10 ft3 volume.
Hydraulic gradient = 37.7/5280 = ___________ANS. Solution:
PV = m R T
# Find the loss of head in the pipe entrance if speed of flow is 10 m/s. (20 x 144)(10) = m (1545/44)(200 + 460)
Solution: m = ___________ANS.
Loss at entrance = 0.5(v2/2g) = 0.5[102 / 2(9.81)] = ___________ANS.
# Find the heat needed to raise the temperature of water from 30°C to 100°C with 60% quality. FP1 = IP – BP = 187.5 – 150 = 37.50 kw
Consider and atmospheric pressure of 101.325 kpa. Use the approximate enthalpy formula of FP1 = FP2 = ____________ANS.
liquid.
Solution: # If the energy efficiency ratio of the refrigeration system is 12.6, what is the COP of the
At 100°C system?
hf = Cp t = 4.187(100) 418.7 KJ/kg Solution:
hfg = 2257 KJ.kg EER = 3.412 COP
h2 = hf + xhfg = 418.7 + 0.60(2257) = 1,772.9 KJ/kg 12.6 = 3.412 COP
Q = 1(4.187)(100-30) + 1(1772.9 – 418.7) = _________ANS. COP = ____________ANS.

# Find the enthalpy of water at 212°F and 14.7 psi if the dryness factor is 30%. Use the # An air compressor has a power of 40 kw at 4% clearance. If clearance will increase to 7%,
approximate enthalpy formula of liquid. what is the new power?
Solution: Solution:
hf = (°F – 32) = (212 – 32) = 180 Btu/lb The power of compressor will not be affected with the changes in clearance.
hfg = 970 Btu/lb Therefore the power will still be 40 kw.
h = hf + xhfg
h = 180 + 0.3(970) = ________ANS. # What is the approximate value of temperature of water having enthalpy of 208 Btu/lb?
Solution:
# An air compressor consumed 1200 kw-hr per day of energy. The electric motor driving the h = °F – 32
compressor has an efficiency of 80%. If indicated power of the compressor is 34 kw, find the 208 = °F -32
mechanical efficiency of the compressor. °F = _________ANS.
Solution:
Pim = 1200kw-hr/24 hrs = 50 kw # An Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. Find the pressure ration during compression.
BP = 50(0.80) = 40 kw Solution:
em = 34/40 = _______ANS. P1V1k = P2V2k
(V1/V2)k = (P2/P1)
# A refrigeration system consumed 28,800 kw-hr per month of energy. There are 20% of rK = rp
energy is lost due to cooling system of compressor and motor efficiency is 90%. If COP of the rp = (8)1.4 = ___________ANS.
sustem is 6, find the tons of refrigeration of the system.
Solution: # A diesel cycle has a cut off ratio of 2.5 and expansion ratio of 4. Find the clearance of the
Pim = 28,800/(24 x 30) = 40 kw cycle.
BP = 40 (0.90) = 36 kw
Wc = 36(1-0.20) = 28.80 kw # Determine the atmospheric pressure at a location where barometric reading is 740 mm Hg
COP = RE/Wc and gravitational acceleration is g = 9.7 m/s2. Assume the temperature of mercury to be 10°C,
6 = RE/28.80 at which the density is 13,570 kg/m3.
RE = 172.8/3.516 = ______________ANS. Solution:
P = (wg)h = (13,570 x 9.7)(9.74) (1Kpa/1000 N/m2) = ___________ANS.
# A 23 tons refrigeration system has a heat rejected of 100 kw. Find the energy efficiency ratio
of the system. # The barometer of a mountain hiker reads 930 mbars at the beginning of a hiking trip and 780
Solution: mbars at the end. Neglecting the effect of altitude on local gravitational acceleration,
QR = RE + Wc determine the vertical distance climb. Assume g = 9.7 m/s2.
100 = 23(3.516) + Wc Solution:
Wc = 19.132 kw P1 – P2 = w h
COP = RE/Wc = (23 x 3.516) / 19.132 = 4.23 (0.93 – 0.78)(100 kpa/bar) = (1.2 x 0.00981) h
EER = 3.412 COP = 3.412(4.23) = ____________ANS. h = 1274.21 m
h = 1274.21 (9.81/9.7) = ___________ANS.
# A 200 mm x 250 mm, 8-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine has a break power of 150 kw. The
mechanical efficiency is 80%. If two of the cylinders were accidentally cut off, what will be # The lower half of a 10 m high cylindrical container is filled with water and the upper half
the new friction power? with oil that has SG = 8.85. Determine the pressure difference between the top and bottom of
Solution: the cylinder.
em = BP/IP Solution:
0.8 = 150/IP
P = Pw + Po = 9.81(5) + (0.85 x 9.81)(15) = ________ANS.
IP = 187.5 kw
 # A tank contains 90ft3 of air at a pressure of 350 psig; if the air is cooled until its
# An ideal gas at 0.80 atmospheres and 87°C occupies 0.450 liter. How many moles are in the pressure and temperature decreases to 200 psig and 70oF respectively. What is the decrease in
sample? (R = 0.0821 liter-atm/mole – K) internal energy?
Solution: SOLUTION
PV = nRT m = PV/RT = (200 + 14.7)(90)(144)/(53.342)(70 + 460) = 98.50 lbs
for constant volume process:
(0.80 atm)(0.450 li) = n (0.0821 )(87+273)K P1/T1 = P2/T2
n = ___________ANS. T2 = 70 + 460 = 530oR

# A certain gas at 101.325 Kpa and 10°C whose volume is 2.83 m3 are compressed into a =
storage vessel of 0.31 m3 capacity. Before admission, the storage vessel contained the gas at a T1 = 900oR
pressure and temperature of 173.8 Kpa and 26°C, after admission the pressure has increased to ΔU = mcv(T2 – T1) = 98.50(0.171)(530 – 900) = ANS.
1171.8 Kpa. What should be the final temperature of the gas in the vessel in Kelvin? # A large mining company was provided with a 3m3 of compressed air tank. Air
Solution: pressure in the tank drops from 700KPa while the temperature remains constant at 28oC. What
Solving for the mass of gas which is to be compressed: percentage has the mass of air in the tank been reduced?
PV = mRT SOLUTION
101.325(2.83) = m1R(10 + 273) Percent mass reduced = (700 – 150)/700 = ANS.
m1 = 1.01325/R # A 4m3/hr pump delivers water to a pressure tank. At the start, the gauge reads 138KPa
Solving for the mass of gas initially contained in the vessel: until it reads 276KPa and then the pump was shut off. The volume of the tank is 180liters. At
PV = mRT 276KPa the water occupied 2/3 of the tank volume. Determine the volume of the water that
137.8(0.31) = m2R(26 + 273) can be taken out until the gauge reads 138KPa.
m2 = 0.14286/R SOLUTION
Solving for the final temperature: Consider the air pressure:
m3 = m1 + m2 V2 = 1/3 (180) = 60liters
m3 = 1.01325/R + 0.14286/R = 1.156/R P1V1 = P2V2
1171.8(0.31) = (1.156/R)RT3 (138 + 101.325)(V1) = (276 + 101.325)(60)
T3 = ____________ANS. V1 = 94.59 liters
Amount of water to be removed = 2/3 (180) – (180 – 94.59) = ANS.
# A perfect gas has a value of R = 58.8 ft-lb/lb-R and k = 1.23. if 20 Btu are added to 10 lbs of # A refrigeration plant is rated at 15tons capacity. How many pounds of air per hour will
this gas at constant volume when initial temperature is 90°F, find the final temperature. it cool from 70 to 90oF at constant pressure.
Solution SOLUTION
Q = m cv (t2 – t1) Tons of refrigeration = mcp(t2 – t1)/12000

cv = R / (k -1) = = 0.29086 Btu/lb-F

20 = 10(0.29086)(t2 – 90)
m= ANS.
t2 = ___________ANS.
# An air standard engine has a compression ratio of 18 and a cut – off ratio of 4. If the
intake pressure and temperature are 100KPa and 27oC, find the work in KJ per kg.
# Ammonia weighing 22kgs is confirmed inside a cylinder equipped with a piston has
SOLUTION
an initial pressure of 413KPa at 38 C. If 3200KJ of heat is added to the ammonia until its final
pressure and temperature are 413KPa and 100oC respectively, what is the amount of work
done by the fluid in KJ?
SOLUTION T1 = 27 + 273 = 300oK
Since the molecular weight of ammonia is 17. Then Process 1 to 2 is isentropic procees:
R = 8.3143/M = 8.3143/17 = 0.489 KJ/kgoK T2 = T1(V1/V2)k-1 = 300(18)1.4-1 = 953.301oK
P1V1 = mRT1 Process 2 to 3 is constant pressure process:
413V1 = 22(0.489)(38 + 273) T3/T2 = V2/V3 = rc
V1 = 8.101 m3 T3 = 953.301 (4) = 3813.205oK
P2V2 = mRT2 QA = mcp(T3 – T2) = 1(3813.205 -953.301) = 2860 KJ/kg
413V2 = 22(0.489)(100 + 273) W = (.5531)(2860) = ANS.
V2 = 9.716 m3
W = P(V1-V2) = 413(9.716 – 8.101) = ANS.
# Determine the air – standard efficiency of an engine operating on the diesel cycle with QA = mcp(T3 – T2) = 1(3813.205 - 953.301) = 2850 KJ/kg
clearance of 6% when the suction pressure is 99.97KPa and the fuel injected for 7% of the W = (0.5531)( 2850) = ANS.
stroke. Assume k = 1.4. # Determine the air standard efficiency of an engine operating on the diesel cycle with
SOLUTION clearance of 6% when the suction pressure is 99.97KPa and the fuel is injected for 7% of the
V3 – V2 = 0.07VD stroke. Assume k = 1.4.
V2 = 0.06VD SOLUTION
V3 - 0.06VD = 0.07VD V3 - V2 = 0.07VD
V3 = 0.13VD V2 = 0.06VD
rc = V3/ V2 = 0.13VD/0.06VD = 2.167 V3 = 0.07VD + 0.06VD
rk = (1 + 0.06)/0.06 = 17.667 V3 = 0.13VD
rc = V3/ V2 = 0.13VD /0.06VD = 2.167
rk = (1 + 0.06)/(0.060) = 17.667
= ANS.
# Steam at 2MPa and 250oC in a rigid cylinder is cooled until the quality is 30%. Find
the heat rejected from the cylinder. e= = ANS.
At 2MPa and 250oC: v = 0.11144m3/kg u = 2679.6 KJ/kg # A steam at 2MPa and 250oC in a right rigid cylinder is cooled until the quality is 30%.
At 2MPa, (saturated): vf = 0.0011767m3/kg, vg = 0.09963m3/kg uf = 906.44 Find the heat rejected from the cylinder.
KJ/kg, At 2MPa and 250oC: v = 0.11144 m3/kg u = 2679.6 KJ/kg
ufg = 1693.8KJ/kg At 2MPa, (saturated): vf = 0.0011767 m3/kg, vg = 0.09963 m3/kg
SOLUTION uf = 906.44 KJ/kg ufg = 1693.8 KJ/kg
Q = U2 – U1 SOLUTION
U1 = 2679.6 KJ/kg Q = (u2 – u1)
U2 = Uf + xUfg = 906.44 + 0.30(1693.8) = 1414.58 KJ/kg u1 = 2679.6KJ/kg
Q = 1414.58 – 2679.6 = ANS. u2 = uf + x ufg = 906.44 + 0.3(1693.8) = 1414.58KJ/kg
# At 1.3MPa, mixture steam and water has an entropy of 3KJ/kg - oK. Find the enthalpy Q = (1414.58 – 2679.6) = ANS
of the mixture. # At 1.3MPa, mixture steam and water has an entropy of 3KJ/kg-oK. Find the enthalpy
At 1.3MPa: sf = 2.2515, sg = 6.4953, hf = 814.93, hfg = 1972.7 of the mixture.
SOLUTION At 1.3MPa: sf = 2.2515, sg = 6.4953, hf = 814.93, hfg = 1972.7
s = sf + xsfg SOLUTION
3 = 2.2515 + x(6.4953) s = sf + x(sg – sf)
x = 0.17614 3 = 2.2515 + x(6.4953 – 2.2515)
h = hf + xhfg = 814.93 + 0.17614(1972.7) = ANS. x = 0.17637
# Mixture with 70% quality at 500KPa is heated isothermally until its pressure is h = hf + xhfg = 814.93 + 0.17637(1972.7) = ANS.
300KPa. Find the heat added during the process. # Mixture with 70% quality at 500KPa is heated isothermally until its pressure is
At 500KPa: sf = 1.8607, sfg = 4.9606 300KPa. Find the heat added during the process.
At 300KPa and 151.86oC s = 7.088 KJ/kg At 500KPa: sf = 1.8607, sfg = 4.9606
SOLUTION At 300KPa and 151.86oC: s = 7.0888
s1 = sf + xsfg = 1.8607 + 0.70(4.9606) = 5.333 KJ/kg SOLUTION
s2 = 7.088 KJ/kg For isothermal process, t1 = t2
Q = T(s2 - s1) = (151.86 + 273)(7.088 – 5.333) = ANS. s1 = sf + xsfg = 1.8607 + 0.7(4.9606) = 5.333
# A tank contains exactly one kilogram of water consisting of liquid and vapor s2 = 7.0888
equilibrium at 1MPa. If the liquid contains one – third and the remaining is vapor of the Q = T(s2 – s1) = (151.86 + 273)(7.0888 – 5.333) = ANS.
volume of the tank, what is the enthalpy of the contents of the tank? # A tank contains exactly one kilogram of water consisting of liquid and vapor in
At 1MPa: vf = 0.0011273 vfg = 0.19444 equilibrium at 1MPa. If the liquid contains one third and the remaining is vapor of the volume
hf = 762.81 hfg = 2015.3 of the tank, what is the enthalpy of the contents of the tank?
SOLUTION At 1MPa: vf = 0.0011273 vfg = 0.19444
Let V = total volume of the tank hf = 762.81 hfg = 2015.3
T2 = T1(V1/V2)k-1 = 300(18)1.4 – 1 = 953.301oK SOLUTION
Process 2 to 3 is constant process: Let V = total volume of tank
mL = VL/vL = (V/3) / 0.0011273 = 295.69 V
mv = Vv / vv = (2V/3) / 0.1944 = 3.429V
T3 = 953.301(4) = 3813.205oK
 C = 69% N2 = 5% H2 = 2.5% S = 7%
x= = ANS. Determine the amount of oxygen of the heating value of fuel is 26 961.45 KJ/kg.
# Water substance at 70 bar and 65oC enters a boiler tube of constant inside diameter of SOLUTION
35mm. The water leaves the boiler tube at 50 bar and 700oK at velocity of 100m/s. Calculate
the inlet volume flow(li/sec). Qh = 33 820C + 144 212 (H - ) + 9304S
SOLUTION 26961.45 = 33820(.69) + 144212 (0.025 – O/8) + 9304(0.07)
From steam tables: O= ANS.
At 70bar(7MPa) and 65oC # A diesel engine consumed 945 liters of fuel per day at 35oC. If the fuel was purchased
v1 = 0.001017m3/kg at 15.5oC and 30oAPI at P29.00/li, determine the cost of fuel to operate the engine per day.
at 50bar(5MPa) and 700oK(427oC) SOLUTION
v2 = 0.06081m3/kg
m1 = m2 16
Q1/ v1 = Q2/ v2

V1 = 1.672m/sec
Q1 = A x v = (π/4)(0.035)2(1.672) = ANS.
# Steam leaves an industrial boiler at 827.4KPa and 171.6oC. A portion of the steam is
passed through a throttling calorimeter and is exhausted to the atmosphere when the
calorimeter pressure is 101.4KPa. How much moisture does the steam leaving the boiler
contain if the temperature of the steam at the calorimeter is 115.6oC? Cost = P29.00/li(935.44li) = ANS.
At 827KPa(171.6oC): hf = 727.25 KJ/kg, hfg = 2043.2 KJ/kg # A cylindrical tank 4m long and 3m diameter is used for oil storage. How many days
From table 3: At 101.4KPa and 115.6oC: h2 = 2707.6 KJ/kg can the tank supply the engine having 27oAPI with fuel consumption of 60kg.hr?
SOLUTION SOLUTION
Let x = quality of steam entering the throttling calorimeter V = π/4 D2 h = π/4 (3)2(4) = 28.274 m3
h1 = h2
hfg + xhfg = h2
727.25 + x(2043.2) = 2707.6 Density of fuel = 0.89274(1000kg/m3) = 892.74kg/m3
x = 0.9692; y = 1 - 0.9692 = ANS. w = m/V
# A throttling calorimeter is connected to the desuperheated steam line supplying steam V = 60/892.74 = 0.0672 m3/hr
to the auxiliary feed pump on a ship. The line pressure measures 2.5MPa. The calorimeter Number of days = 28.274/0.0672 = 420.75hrs = ANS.
pressure is 110KPa and 150oC. Determine the entropy of the steam line. # A logging firm in Isabella operates a Diesel Electric Plant to supply its electric energy
At 110KPa and 150.C: h2 = 2775.6KJ.kg requirements. During a 24 period, the plant consumed 250 gallons of fuel at 80oF and
At 2.5MPa: hf = 962.11KJ/kg, hfg = 1841 KJ/kg, sf = 2.5547, sfg = 3.7028 produced 2900KW-hrs. Industrial fuel used is 30oAPI and was purchased at P30.00/li at 60oF.
SOLUTION Determine the overall thermal efficiency of the plant.
For throttling process: (h1 = h2) SOLUTION
h1 = h2 = hf + x hfg Qh = 41130 + 139.6xoAPI = 41130 + 139.6(30) = 45318 KJ/kg
2775.6 = 962.11 + x(1841) 60oF = 15.6oC
x = 98.5% 80oF = 26.6oC
s1 = sf + x sfg = 2.5447 + 0.985(3.7028) = ANS.
# Atmospheric pressure boils at 212oF. At the vacuum pressure at 24 in Hg, the
temperature is 142oF. Find the boiling temperature when the pressure is increased by 40psia
from the atmospheric.
SOLUTION
At 26.6oC
P2 = 14.7 + 40 = 54.7 psia
mf = 250gal/24hrs x 3.785li/gal x 0.869kg/li x 1hr/3600sec
P1 = -24(14.7/29.92) + 14.7 = 2.908 psia
mf = 0.00952 kg/sec
By interpolation:
load = 2900/24 = 120.833KW

overall efficiency = = ANS.

t2 = ANS. # The dry exhaust gas from oil engine has the following gravimetric analysis:
# A certain coal has the following ultimate analysis: CO2 = 21.6% O2 = 4.2% N2 = 74.2%
Specific heats at constant pressure for each component of the exhaust gas in Kcal/kgoC are: SOLUTION
CO2 = 0.203 O2 = 0.219 N2 = 0.248
Calculate the specific gravity if the molecular weight of air is 28.97 kg/kg-mol. Theo. A/F = 11.5C + 34.5(H – O/8) + 4.3S
SOULTION
Converting the gravimetric analysis to volumetric: = 11.5(0.705) + 34.5(0.045 – 0.06/8) + 4.3(0.03)
CO2 = 0.219/44 = 0.004909
O2 of nitrogen in lb/= 0.042/32 = 0.001312
= 9.53
N2 = 0.742/28 = 0.026500
0.032721 mols/kg-mol
Molecular weight = 1/0.032721 = 30.56kg/kg-mol Actual A/F = 9.53(1.3) = 12.389 kg air/kg fuel
SG = 30.56/28.97 = ANS.
# A bituminous coal has the following composition:
C = 71.5% H = 5.0% O = 7.0% N = 1.3% S = 3% Ash =
7.6%
W = 3.4%
Determine the theoretical weight of nitrogen in lb/lb of coal.
SOLUTION
Theo. A/F = 11.5C + 34.5(H – O/8) + 4.3S
= 11.5(0.715) + 34.5 (0.05 – 0.07/8) + 4.3(0.03)
= 9.8 lb air / lb coal
N2 in air by weight = 76.8%
therefore:
theoretical weight of N2 = 0.768(9.8) = ANS.
# A gaseous fuel mixture has a molal analysis:
H2 = 14% CH4 = 3% CO = 27%
O2 = 0.6% CO2 = 4.5% N2 = 50.9%
Determine the air fuel ratio for complete combustion of molal basis.
SOLUTION
Chemical reaction with oxygen:
0.14H2 + 0.070O2 = 0.14H2O
0.03CH4 + 0.060O2 = 0.03CO2 + 0.06H2O
0.27Co + 0.135O2 = 0.27CO2 ; mf = 23107.56 (12.389) = 286279.57 kg/hr
0.265O2
Actual O2 in product = 0.265 O2 – 0.006 O2 = 0.259 O2
Molal A/F = 0.259 + 0.259(3.76) = ANS.
# A volumetric analysis of a gas mixture is as follows:
CO2: 12% N2: 80% 101.325(V) = 286279.57(0.287)(15.6 + 273)
O2: 4% CO: 4%
What is the percentage of CO2 on a mass basis? V= ANS.
SOLUTION
Converting to mass basis: # 23.5 kg of steam per second at 5MPa and 400oC is produced by a steam generator.
CO2 = 0.12 x 44 = 5.28 The feedwater enters the economizer at 145oC and leaves at 205oC. The steam leaves the
O2 = 0.014x32 = 1.28 boiler drum with a quality of 98%. The unit consumes 3kg of coal per second as received
N2 = 0.82x28 = 22.96 having a heating value of 25102 KJ/kg. What would be the overall efficiency of the unit in
CO = 0.02x28 = 0.56 percent?
Total mass of product = 5.28 + 1.28 + 22.96 + 0.56 = 30.08 kg
% mass of CO2 = 5.28/30.08 = ANS. Steam properties:
# The following coal has the following ultimate analysis by weight:
C = 70.5% H2 = 4.5% O2 = 6.0% N2 = 1.0% At 5MPa and 400oC: h = 3195.7KJ/kg At 5MPa: hf = 1154.23, hg =1640.1
S = 3.0% ash = 11% moisture = 4%
A stocker fired boiler of 195000kg/hr steaming capacity uses this coal as fuel. Calculate
volume of air in m3/kg with air at 60oF and 14.7 psia pressure of boiler efficiency is 70% and At 205oC: hf = 875.04 At 145oC: hf = 610.63
FE = 1.10.
 SOLUTION
1.281 =
n = _____________ ANS.
# A single acting air compressor has a volumetric efficiency of 89%, operates at 500 rpm. It
= ANS. takes in air at 100kpa and 30⁰C and discharges it at 600 Kpa. The air handled is 8 m3/min
measured at discharge condition. If compression is isentropic, find mean effective pressure in
# In a Rankine cycle steam enters the turbine at 2.5MPa (enthalpies and entropies given) Kpa
and condenser of 50KPa (properties given), what is the thermal efficiency of the cycle? SOLUTION:
P1V1k = P2V2k
At 2.5MPa: hg = 2803.1 sg = 6.2575 100(V11.4) = 600(8)1.4
V1 = 28.37687 m3/min
At 50KPa: sf = 1.0910 sfg = 6.5029 hf = 340.49 hfg = 2305.4 vf = VD = 28.768/0.89 = 32.32 m3/min
0.0010300

SOLUTION
W= =
h1 = 2803.1 KJ/kg

solving for h2: W = Pm x VD

7562.19 = Pm x 32.32
Pm = ________ ANS.
s = sf + xsfg
# A water-jacketed air compressor handles 0.343 m3/s of air at 96.5 kpa and 21⁰C and leaving
at 480 kpa and 132⁰C; 10.9 kg/h of cooling water enters the jacket at 15⁰C and leaves at 21⁰C.
6.2575 = 1.0910 + x(6.5029) Determine the compressor break power.
SOLUTION:
x = 0.7945

h2 = hf + xhfg = 340.49 + 0.7945(2305.4) = 2172.13 KJ/kg

h3 = 340.49 KJ/kg

h4 = hf + vf (P2 – P1) = 340.49 + 0.00103(2500 - 50) = 342.98 KJ/kg

n = 1.249

W= = 62.57 KW
Q = heat loss = mCp(t2 – t1) = (10.9/3600)(4.187)(21 – 15) = 0.076 KW
Brake power = W + Q = 62.57 + 0.076 = _______ ANS.
Efficiency = ANS. # A double suction centrifugal pump delivers 20 ft3/sec of water at a head of 12 m and
running at 650 rpm. What is the specific speed of the pump?
# A two-stage air compressor air at 100 Kpa and 22⁰C discharges to 750Kpa. If intercooler SOLUTION:
intake is 105⁰C, determine the value of n.
Solution: Ns =
Px = = 273.86 Kpa
Q=
h = 12 x 3.281 = 39.37 ft

Ns = __________ANS.
# Determine the number of stages needed for a centrifugal pump if it is used to deliver 400
gal/min of water and pump power of 15 Hp. Each impeller develops a head of 30 ft.
SOLUTION:
Wp = w Q h
15 x 0.746 = 9.81(400 gal/min x 0.003785 m3/gal x 1/60) h wa =
h =45.20 m x 3.281 ft/m = 148.317 ft # A total head of fan is 187 m and has a static pressure of 210 mm of water gage, what is the
Number of stages = 148.317/30 = 4.94 stages velocity of air flowing if density of air is 1.15 kg/m3?
# The suction pressure of a pump reads 3 in. of mercury vacuum and discharge pressure reads SOLUTION:
140psi is use to deliver 120 gpm of water with specific volume of 0.0163 ft3/lb. Determine the hs = 0.21(1000-1.15) = 182.61 m
pump work. h = hs + hv
SOLUTION: 187 = 182.61 + hv
P1 = -3 in Hg x 101.325/29.92 = -10.15 Kpa hv = 4.39 m
P2 = 140 psi x 101.325/14.7 = 965 Kpa 4.39 = v2 /2(9.81)
W = 1/v = 1/.0163 = 61.35 lb/ft3 x 9.81/62.4 = 9.645 KN/m3 v = _________ANS.
# A fan delivers 5.7 m3/sec at a static pressure of 5.08 cm of water when operating at a speed
h= = = 101.105 m of 400 rpm. The power input required is 2.963 KW. If 7.05 m3/sec are desired in the same fan
Q = 120 gal/min x 3.785 li/1gal x 1m3/1000li x 1/60 = 0.00757 m3/sec and installation, find the pressure in cm of water.
P = w Q h = 9.645(0.00757)(101.105) = ____________ ANS. SOLUTION:
# A submersible pump delivers 350 gpm of water to a height of 5 ft from the ground. The
pump was installed 150 ft below the ground level and a draw down of 8 ft during the
operation. If water level is 25 ft above the pump, determine the pump power.
SOLUTION:
h = 5+ 150 – (25 – 8) = 138/3.281 = 42.06 m
Q = 350 gal/min x 0.003785 m3/gal x 1min/60sec = 0.02246 m3/sec
Wp = w Q h = 9.819.02246)(42.06) = __________ ANS. N2 = 494.74 rpm
# A vacuum pump is used to drain a flooded mine shaft of 20⁰C water. The pump pressure of
water at this temperature is 2.34 Kpa. The pump is incapable of lifting the water higher than
16 m. What is the atmospheric pressure?
SOLUTION:

h2 = __________ANS.
# A rigid container is closed at one end and measures 8 in diameter by 12 in long. The
container is held vertically and is slowly moved downward until the pressure in the container
is 17 psia. What will be the depth of the top of the container from the free water surface?
SOLUTION:
Patm = Pgage + Patm
17 = Pgage + 14.7
P1 = ___________ ANS.
Pgage = 2.30 psi
# A submersible, multi-stage, centrifugal deep well pump 260 gpm capacity is installed in a
Pgage = w h
well 27 feet below the static water level and running at 3000 rpm. Drawdown when pumping
2.30(144) = 62.4 (h)
at rated capacity is 10 ft. the pump delivers the water into a 25,000 gallons capacity overhead
h = 5.3077ft x 12 =__________ans.
storage tank. Total discharge head developed by pump, including friction in piping is 243 ft.
# An empty, open can is 30 cm high with a 15 cm diameter. The can, with the open end
Calculate the diameter of the impeller of this pump in inches if each impeller diameter
down, is pushed under water with a density of 1000 kg/m3. Find the water level in the can
developed a head of 38 ft.
when the top of the can is 50 cm below the surface.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
V=πDN
Consider the water pressure
V= Pw = wh + 101.325 = (0.8 - x)(9.81) + 101.325 = 109.173 – 9.81x
Consider the air pressure:
π D (3000/60) = P1V1 = P2V2
D = 0.315 ft = _________ ANS. 101.325(A x 0.3) = P2[A(0.3 – x)]
# A fan draws 1.42 m3/sec of air at a static pressure of 2.54 cm of water through a duct 300
mm diameter and discharges it through a duct of 275 mm diameter. Determine the static fan P2 =
efficiency if total fan mechanical is 75% and air is measured at 25⁰C and 760 mmHg. Pw = P2
SOLUTION:
 # Air at 10⁰C and 80 kpa enters a diffuser of a jet engine steadily with a velocity of 200 m/s.
109.173 – 9.81x = The inlet area of diffuser is 0.40 m2. Determine the mass flow rate of air.
9.81x2 – 112.116x + 2.3705 = 0 SOLUTION:
By quadratic formula: w = P/RT = 80/0.287(10+273) = 0.985 kg/m3
X = 0.02118 m = _____________ANS m = wvA = 0.985(200)(0.40) = ___________ANS.
# A cylindrical pipe with water flowing downward at 0.03 m3/s having top diameter of 0.08, # Consider a refrigeration whose 40watts light bulb remains on continuously as a result of a
bottom diameter of 0.04 m and height of 1.5 m. Find the pressure between the pipe. malfunction of the switch. If the refrigerator has a COP of 1.3 and the cost of electricity is 8
SOLUTION: cents per kw-hr, determine the increase in the energy consumption of the refrigeration and its
cost per year if the switch is not fixed.
SOLUTION:
Z1 – Z2 = 1.5 m COP = Re / Wref
Z2 – Z1 = -1.5 m 1.3 = 40 / Wref
Wref = Wb + Wref = 40 + 30.769 = 70.77 watts
V1 = W = 0.07077 KW
Cost = 0.07077(8760)(P0.08) = ___________ANS.
V2 = # A 75 hp motor that has an efficiency of 91% is worn out and is replaced by a high-efficiency
motor that has an efficiency motor that has an efficiency of 95.4%. Determine the reduction in
+ (-1.5) heat gain of the room due to higher efficiency under full-load conditions.
P1 – P2 = __________ANS. SOLUTION:
# Determine the size of pipe which will deliver 8 liters of medium oil (v = 6.10 x 10-6 m2/s) P01 = (75x0.746)(0.91) = 50.91 KW
assuming laminar flow conditions. P02 = (75x0.746)(0.954) = 53.376 KW
Qreduced = 53.376 – 50.91 = _________ANS.
# A household refrigerator that has a power input of 450 watts and a COP of 2.5 is to cool five
V= large watermelons, 10 kg each, to 8⁰C. If the watermelons are initially at 20⁰C, determine
how long will it take for the refrigerator to cool them. The watermelons can be treated as water
Re = whose specific heat is 4.2 KJ/kg-⁰K.
For laminar flow, Re = 2000 SOLUTION:
COP = Re/Wc
2.5 = Re/450
2000 = Re = 1,125 watts
d = 0.835 m = ________ANS. Re = mcp(t2 – t1)
# The type of flow occupying in a 1 cm diameter pipe which water flows at a velocity of 2.50 450t = (10 x 5)(4.2)(20 – 8)
m/s. Use v=1.13x10-6 m2/s for water. t = ____________ANS.
SOLUTION: # When a man returns to his wall-sealed house on a summer day, he finds that the house is at
Re =dV/ v 32⁰C. He returns on the air conditioner which cools the entire house to 20⁰C in 15 minutes. If
COP is 2.5, determine the power drawn by the air conditioner. Assume the entire mass within
Re = the house is 800 kg of ait which cv= 0.72 KJ/kg-K, cp=1.0 KJ/kg-K.
Since it is greater than 2000, then it is _________ANS SOLUTION:
# An insulated rigid tank initially contains 1.5 lb of helium at 80⁰F and 50 psia. Apaddle Re = mcv(t2 – t1) = (800/15x60)(0.72)(32 – 20)
wheel with power rating of 0.02 hp is operated within the tank for 30 min. Determine the final Re = 7.68 KW
temperature. Wc = 7.68 / 2.5 = ___________ANS.
SOLUTION:
W= ΔU = mcv(T2 – T1) A heat source at 800°K losses 2000 KJ of heat to a sink at 500°K. Determine the entropy
0.02hp (0.50 hr)(2545 Btu/hr/hp) = 1.5 (0.171)(T2 – 80) generated during the process.
T2 = __________ANS. Solution:
# A 4 m2 asphalt pavement with emissivity of 0.85 has a surface temperature of 50⁰C. Find ∆Ssource = -2000/800 = -2.5
the maximum rate of radiation that can be emmited from the surface. ∆Ssink = 2000/500 = 4
SOLUTION: ∆Sgen = -2.5/4 = _____________ANS
Helium gas in compressed in an adiabatic compressor from an initial state of 14 psia and 50°F
Qr = e ksvA to a final temperature of 320°F in a reversible manner. Determine the exit pressure of Helium.
Ksv = 5.67 x 10-8 (Stefan Boltzman constant) Solution:
Qr = 0.85(5.67 x 108)(4)(50 +273)4 = ____________ANS. T2/T1 = (P2/P1)n-1/n
 (320+460)(50+460) = (P2/14)1.667-1/1.667 Solution:
P2 = _____________ANS Pm Vm = Nm Ru Tm
Air pass thru a nozzle with efficiency of 90%. The velocity of air at the exit is 600 m/s. Find 15,000 Vm = (6+2)(8.314)(300)
the actual Velocity at the exit. Vm = _____________ANS
Solution: A spherical balloon with a diameter of 6 m is filled with helium at 20°C and 200 kpa.
e = (Va/V3)2 Determine the mole number.
0.9 = (Va/600)2 Solution:
Va = _____________ANS PV=NRT
A 50 kg block of iron casting at 500°K is thrown into a large lake that is at a temperature of
285°K. The iron block eventually reaches the thermal equilibrium with the lake water. (200) = N (8.314) (20+273)
Assuming average specific heat of 0.45 KJ/kg-K for the iron, determine the entropy generated N = _____________ANS
during the process. The air is an automobile tire with a volume of 0.53 ft3 is at 90°Fand 20 psig. Determine the
Solution: amount of air that must be added to raise the pressure to the recommended value of 30 psig.
∆Siron = m c ln(T2/T1) = 50(0.45)ln (285/500) = -12.65 KJ/K Assume the atmospheric pressure to be 14.7 psia and the temperature and the volume to
∆Slake = Q/T = [50(0.45)(500-285)] / 285 = 16.97 KJ/K remain constant.
∆Sgen = -12.65 + 16.97 = _____________ANS Solution:
A windmill with a 12 m diameter rotor is to be installed at a location where the wind is PV=mRT
blowing at an average velocity of 10 m/s. Using standard condition of air (1 atm, 25°C), (20+14.7)(144)(0.53) = m1 (53.3)(90+460)
determine the maximum power that can be generated by the windmill. m1 = 0.09034 lb
Solution: (30+14.7)(144)(0.53) = m2 (53.3)(90+460)
w = P/RT = 101.325 / (0.287)(25+273) = 1.1847 kg/m3 m2 = 0.11634 lb
m = w A v = 1.1847(π/4 x 122)(10) = 1,339.895 kg/s madded = m2 – m1 = 0.11634 - 0.09034 = _____________ANS
KE = v2/2000 = 102/2000= 0.05 KJ/kg A rigid tank contains 20 lbm of air at 20 psia and 70°F. More air is added to the tank until the
Power = m KE = 1,339.895(0.05) = _____________ANS pressure and temperature rise to 35 psia and 90°F, respectively. Determine the amount of air
Consider a large furnace that can supply heat at a temperature of 2000°R at a steady rate of added to the tank.
3000 Btu/s. Determine the exergy of this energy. Assume an environment temperature of Solution:
77°F. P1 V1 = m1 R1 T1
Solution: (20 x 144) (V1) = 20(53.3)(70+460)
V = 196.17 ft3
P2 V2 = m2 R2 T2
W = e Q = 0.7315 (3000) = 2194.5 Btu/s = _____________ANS (35 x 144)(196.17) = m2(53.3)(90+460)
A heat engine receives hat from a source at 1200°K at a rate of 500KJ/s and rejects the waste m2 = 33.73 lbs
heat to a medium at 300°K. The power output of the heat engine is 180 KW. Determine the madded = m2 – m1 = 33.73 – 20 = _____________ANS
irreversibility rate for this process. A rigid tank contains 5 kg of an ideal gas at 4 atm and 40°C. Now a valve is opened and half
Solution: of mass of the gas is allowed to escape. If the final pressure in the tank is 1.5 atm, the final
e = (1200-300) / 1200 = 0.75 temperature in the tank is:
W= 0.75(500) = 375 KW Solution:
Irreversibilities = 375-180 = _____________ANS PV=mRT
A dealer advertises that he has just received a shipment of electric resistance heaters for (4 x 9.81)(V) = 5(0.287)(40+273)
residential buildings that have an efficiency of 100 percent. Assuming an indoor temperature V = 11.446 m3
of 21°C and outdoor temperature of 10°C, determine the second law efficiency of these PV=mRT
heaters. (1.5 x 9.81)(11.446) = (5/2)(0.287)(T)
Solution: T = _____________ANS
COP1 = 100 efficient = 1 The pressure of an automobile tire is measured to be 200 kpa(gage) before the trip and 220
COP2 = (21+273) / (21-10) = 26.72 kpa(gage) after the tip at a location where the atmospheric pressure is 90 kpa. If the
esl = COP1 / COP2 = 1 / 26.72 = _____________ANS temperature of the air in the tire before the trip is 25°C, the air temperature after the trip is:
A thermal power plant has a heat rate of 11,363 Btu/KW-hr. Find the thermal efficiency of the Solution:
plant. T2/T1 = P2/P1
Solution: T2 / (25+273) = (220+90) / (200+90)
e = 3412 / Heat rate = 3412 / 11363 = _____________ANS T2 = 318.55°K
A rigid tank contains 2 kmol of N2 and 6 kmol of CO2 gases at 300°K and 115 Mpa. Find the t2 = _____________ANS
tank volume using ideal gas equation
Water is boiling at 1 atm pressure in a stainless steel pan on an electric range. It is observed The container box is 1.5 kg, and the specific heat of the box material is 1.4 KJ/kg-C. Also the
that 2 kg of liquid water evaporates in 30 min. The rate of heat transfer to the water is: freezing temperature of chicken is -2.8°C.
Solution: Solution:
Qchicken = 50[3.32(6+2.8) + 247 + 1.77(-2.8+18)] = 15,156 KJ
Q = mL = = _____________ANS Qbox = 1.5(1.4)(6+18) = 50.4 KJ
Consider a person standing in a breezy room at 20°C. Determine the total rate of heat transfer Q = 15,156 + 50.4 = _____________ANS
from this person if the exposed surface area and the average outer surface temperature of the Water is being heated in a closed pan on top of a range while being stirred by a paddle wheel.
person are 1.6 m2 and 29°C, respectively, and the convection heat transfer coefficient is 6W/ During the process, 30 KJ of heat is transferred to the water and 5 KJ of heat is lost to the
m2 with emissivity factor of 0.95. surrounding air. The paddle-wheel work amounts to 500 N-m. Determine the final energy of
Solution: the system if its initial energy is 10 KJ.
Qc = h A (t2-t1) = (6)(1.6)(29.20) = 86.40 watts Solution:
Qf = (0.95)(5.67 x 10-8)(1.6)[(29+273)4-(20+273)4] = 81.7 watts Final energy = QA + ∆U – Qlose + W = 30 + 10 – 5 + 0.50 = _____________ANS
Q = Qc + Qf = 86.40 + 81.7 = _____________ANS A classroom that normally contains 40 people is to be air-conditioned with window air-
Water is boiled in a pan on a stove at sea level. During 10 minutes of boiling, it is observed conditioning units of 5 KW cooling capacity. A person at rest may be assumed to dissipate heat
that 200 grams of water has evaporated. Then the rate of heat transfer to the water is: at rate of about 360 KJ/hr. There are 10 light bulbs in the room, each with a rating of 100
Solution: watts. The rate of heat transfer to the classroom through the walls and the windows is
Q = mL = (0.2/10) (2257) = _____________ANS estimated to be 15,000 KJ/hr. If the room to be maintained at a constant temperature of 21°C,
An aluminum pan whose thermal conductivity is 237 W/m-C has a flat bottom whose diameter determine the number of window air-conditioning units required.
is 20 cm and thickness 0.4 cm. Heat is transferred steadily to boiling water in the pan through Solution:
its bottom at a rate of 500 watts. If the inner surface of the bottom of the pan is 105°C, Q = total heat load = 40(360/3600) + 10(0.100) +15,000/3600 = 9.167 KW
determine the temperature of the surface of the bottom of the pan. No. of air conditioning = 9.167/5 = 1.833 = _____________ANS
Solution: A 4m x 5m x 6m room is to be heated by a baseboard resistance heater. It is desired that the
A = π/4 (0.20)2 = 0.0314m2 resistance heater be able to raise the air temperature in the room from 7 to 23°C within 15
minutes. Assuming no heat losses from the room and an atmospheric pressure of 100 kpa,
determine the required power of the resistance heater. Assume constant specific heats at room
temperature.
Solution:
w = P/RT = 100 / (0.287)(7+273) = 1.244 kg/m3
t2 = _____________ANS m = 1.244(4 x 5 x 6) = 149.28 kg
For a heat transfer purposes, a standing man can be modeled as a 30 cm diameter, 170 cm long Q= m Cv (t2-t1) = 149.28(0.7186)(23-7) = 1,716.36 KJ
vertical cylinder with both the top and bottom surfaces insulated and with the side surface at Power = 1,716.36 / (15 x 60) = _____________ANS
an average temperature of 34°C. For a convection heat transfer coefficient of 15 W/m2-°C, A student living in a 4m x 6m x 6m dormitory room turns on her 150 watts fan before she
determine the rate of heat loss from this man by convection in an environment at 20°C. leaves the room on a summer day, hoping that the room will be cooler when she comes back in
Solution: the evening. Assuming all the doors and windows are tightly closed and disregarding any heat
Qc = k A (t2-t1) = 15(π x 0.30 x 1.7) (34-20) = _____________ANS transfer through walls and the windows, determine the temperature in the room when she
A 5 cm diameter spherical ball whose surface is maintained at a temperature of 70°C is comes back 10 hours later. Use specific heat values at room temperature, and assume the room
suspended in the middle of a room at 20°C. If the convection heat transfer coefficient is 15 to be at 100 kpa and 15°C in the morning when she leaves.
W/m2-°C and the emissivity of the surface is 0.8, determine the total heat transfer from the Solution:
ball. w = P/RT = 100 / (0.287)(15+273) = 1.2098 kg/m3
Solution: m = 1.2098(4 x 6 x 6) = 174.216 kg
A = 4 π r2 = 4 π (0.05)2 = 0.0314 m2 Q= m Cv (t2-t1)
Qc = h A (t2-t1) = 15(0.0314) (70-20) = 23.56 watts 0.15(10 x 3600) = 174.216(0.7186)(t2 - 15)
Qr = (0.80) (5.67 x 10-8) (0.0314) [(70+273)4-(50+273)4] = 9.22 watts t2 = _____________ANS
Q = Qc + Qr = 23.56 + 9.22 = _____________ANS A piston-cylinder device whose piston is resting on top of a set of stops initially contains 0.50
A frictionless piston-cylinder device and a rigid tank contain 1.2 kmol of an ideal gas at the kg of helium gas at 100 kpa and 25°C. The mass of the piston is such that 500 kpa of pressure
same temperature, pressure, and volume. Now heat is transferred, and the temperature of both is required to raise it. How much heat must be transferred to the helium before the piston starts
system is raised by 15°C. The amount of extra heat that must be supplied to the gas in the rising?
cylinder that is maintained at constant pressure. Solution:
Solution: For helium: Cv = R/(k-1) = (8.314/4)(1.667-1) = 3.116 KJ/kg-K
Q = m Cp (t2-t1) = (1.2 x 8.314)(1)(15) = _____________ANS T2 = (25+273)(500/100) = 1,490°K
A supply of 50 kg of chicken at 6°C contained in a box to be frozen to -18°C in a freezer. T1 = 25+273 = 298°K
Determine the amount of heat that needs to be removed. The latent heat of the chicken is 247 Q= m Cv (T2-T1) = 0.50(3.116)(1490-298) = _____________ANS
KJ/kg, and its specific heat is 3.32 KJ/kg-C above freezing and 1.77 KJ/kg-C below freezing.
In order to cool 1 ton (1000 kg) of water at 20°C in an insulated tank, a person pours 80 kg of
ice at -5°C into the water. Determine the final equilibrium temperature in the tank. The
melting temperature and the heat of fusion of ice at atmospheric pressure are 0°C and 333.7 W = _____________ANS
KJ/kg, respectively.
Solution: # An ideal gas with a molecular weight of 7.1 kg/kg mol is compressed from 600 kPa and 280
Qwater = Qice K to a final specific volume of 0.5 m3/kg. During the process the pressure varies according to
1000(4.187)(20-tB) = 80(2.09)(0+5) + 80(333.7) + 80(4.187)(tB-0) p = 620 + 150v + 95v2 where p is in kPa and v in m3/kg. Calculate the work of compression
tB = _____________ANS in KJ/kg.
A fan is powerd by a 0.5 hp motor delivers air at a rate of of 85 m3/min. Determine the highest Solution:
value for the average velocity of air mobilized by the fan. Take the density of air to be 1.18 V1 = RT/P = (8.314/7.1)(280)/(600) = 0.546 m3/kg
kg/m3.
Solution: W=
P=wQh __________________ANS.
0.50(0.746) = (1.18 x 0.00981)(85/80)(h)
# A one cubic meter container contains a mixture of gases composed of 0.02 kg-mol of oxygen
= _____________ANS and 0.04 kg-mol of helium gas at a pressure of 220 kPa. What is the temperature of this ideal
An Ocean-Thermal Energy Conversion power plant generates 10,000 KW using a warm gas mixture in degrees Kelvin?
surface water inlet temperature of 28°C and a cold deep-water temperature of 15°C. On the Solution:
basis of a 3°C drop in the temperature of the warm water and a 3°C rise in the temperature of V = V1 + V2
the cold water due to removal and addition of heat, calculate the power required in KW to VT = m1R1T1/P1 + m2R2T2/P2
pump the cold-deep water to the surface and through the system heat exchanger if the required 1 = (0.02x32)(8.314/32)(T)/220 + (0.04x32)(8.314/4)(T)/220
pumping pressure increase is 12 kpa.Assume a Carnot cycle efficiency and density of cold T = __________ANS.
water to be 1000 kg/m3.
Solution: # Methyl alcohol (CH3OH) is burned with 25% excess air. How much unburned oxygen in kg-
e = (TH-TL)/TH = [(28+273)-(15+273)(28+273)] = 0.03679 mol-oxygen/kg-mol-fuel will there be in the products if the combustion is complete?
e = W/QA Solution:
0.03679 = 10,000/QA CH3OH + O2 +3.76N2 = CO2 + H2O + 3.76N2
QA = 271,812.99 KW CH3OH + 1.5O2 + (1.5) (3.76) N2 = 1CO2 + H2O + 1.5(3.76) N2
QR = QA – W = 271,812.99 -10,000 = 261,813 KW Consider 25% excess air:
QR = m Cp (∆t) CH3OH + 1.5O2 + 1.25(1.5) (3.76) N2 = 1CO2 + H2O + 1.25(1.5) (3.76) N2 + 0.25(1.5) O2
261,813 = m (3)(4.187) Unburned O2 = 0.25(1.5) = _________ANS.
m = 20,843.32 kg/s
20,843.32 kg/s or 20,843.32 lit/s = 20.843 m3/s # A 12 DC electrical motor draws a current of 15 amps. How much work in KJ does this motor
h = P/w = 12/9.81 = 1.223 m produce over a 10-minute period of operation?
Wc = w Q h = 9.81(20.843)(1.223) = _____________ANS Solution:
A plane-type of solar energy collector with an absorbing surface covered by a glass plate is to W=E=QV
receive an incident radiation of 800 W/m2. The glass plate has a reflectivity of 0.12 and a W = (15 x 10 x 60)(12) = 108,000 J = _____________ANS.
transmissivity of 0.85. The absorbing surface has an absorptivity of 0.90. The area of the
collector is 5 m2. How much solar energy in watts is absorbed by the collector? # A 4liter (2-liter per revolution at standard pressure and temperature) spark ignition engine
Solution: has a compression ratio of 8 and 2200 KJ/kg heat addition by the fluid combustion.
Q = heat absorbed from the sun Considering a cold air-standard Otto cycle model, how much power will the engine produce
Q = 16.3(π/4 x 0.008)[15-(-190)] = _____________ANS when operating at 2500 rpm?
An elastic sphere containing gas at 120 kPa has a diameter of 1.0 m. Heating the sphere causes Solution:
it to expand to a diameter of 1.3 m. During the process the pressure is proportional to the w= 1.2 kg/m3 (standard density of air)
sphere diameter. Calculate the work done by the gas in KJ. m = 2 li/rev x 2500 rev/min / 1.2 kg/m3 x 1 m3/1000 li x 1 min/60 sec = 0.10 kg/s
Solution: e = W/QA
PαD e = 1 – 1/81.4-1 = 0.5647
P = kD 0.5647 = W/2200
120 = k(1) W = 1,242.34 KJ/kg (0.10 kg/s) = 124.23 KW = _____________ANS.
k = 120
P = 120 D
V = 4/3 π (10/2)3
dV = 12/24 π D2 dD
# A simple Rankine cycle produces a 40 MW of power, 50 MW of process heated and rejects Solution:
50MW of heat to the surroundings. What is the utilization factor of this cogeneration cycle
W=
neglecting the pump work?
Solution: 600 =
QA = WT + Wprocess WP = 40 + 50 + 50 = 140 KW
UF = (Qprocess + WT)/QA = (50 +40)/140 = _______________ANS. = ___________ANS.

# The rate of heat transfer to the surroundings from a person at rest is about 400 KJ/hr. # Air in an ideal Diesel cycle is compressed from 3 L to 0.15 L and then it expands during the
Suppose that the ventilation system fails in an auditorium containing 120 people and assuming constant pressure heat addition process to 0.3 L. Under cold air standard conditions, the
that the energy goes into the air of volume 1500 m3 initially at 300K and 101 kPa, calculate thermal efficiency of this cycle is:
the rate in °C/min of air temperature change. Solution:
Solution: rK = 3/0.15 = 20
rC = 0.3 / 0.15 = 2
Q = m CV e = 1 – (1/rKk-1)[(rCK – 1)/k(rC – 1)] = 0.6467 = ________ANS.
PV = mRT
101(1500) = m(0.287)(300) # Helium gas in an ideal Otto cycle is compressed from 20°C and 2 L to 0.25 L and its
m = 1,759.58 kg temperature increases by an additional 800°C during the head addition process. The
temperature of helium before the expansion process is:
Q = m CV
Solution:
120(400/60) = 1759.58(0.7186) rk = 2/0.25 = 8
T2 = (20 + 273)(8)1.667-1 = 1,172 K
= __________ANS. T3 = T2 + 800 = 1172 + 800 = 1972K = ______________ANS.
# An insulated box containing helium gas falls from a balloon 4.5 km above the earth’s # In an ideal Otto cycle, air is compressed from 1.20 kg/m3 and 2.2 L to 0.26 L and the net
surface. Calculate the temperature rise in °C of the helium when box hits the ground. work output of the cycle is 440 KJ/kg. The mean effective pressure for the cycle is:
Solution: Solution:
Cv of helium = 3118.9 J/kg-C VD = V2 – V1 = 2.2 x 10-3 m3 – 0.26 x 10-3 m3 = 1.94 x 10-3 m3
m g h = m Cv W = 440 KJ/kg (1.2 kg/m3 x 2.2 x 10-3 m3) = 1.1616 KJ
Pm = W/VD = 1.1616 / 1.94 x 10-3 = _____________ANS.
m (9.81) (4500) = m (3118.9)
= ___________ANS. # An ideal Brayton cycle has a net work output of 150 KJ/kg and backwork ratio of 0.4. Of
both the turbine and the compressor had an isentropic efficiency of 80%, the net work output
# Consider two Carnot heat engines operating in series. The first engine receives heat from the of the cycle would be?
reservoir at 2400 K and rejects the waste heat to another reservoir at temperature T. The Solution:
second engine receives heat by the first one, convert some of it to work, and rejects the rest to Backwork Ratio = WC / WT
a reservoir at 300K. If thermal efficiencies of both engines are the same, determine the WC = 0.40 WT
temperature T. Wnet = WT - WC
Solution: Wnet = 250 KJ/kg
e1 = e2 Wnet’ = 250(0.80) – 0.40(200)/0.80 = ___________ANS.

# Air enters a turbojet engine at 200 m/s at a rate of 20 kg/s, and exits at 800 m/s relative to the
T = ___________ANS. aircraft. The thrust developed by the engine is:
Solution:
# An ideal gas mixtrure consists of 2 kmol of N2 and 6 mol of CO2. The mass fraction of CO2 Thrust developed = m (v2 – v1) = 20(800-200) = ____________ANS.
is:
Solution: # A thermal power plant has a net power 10 MW. The backwork ratio of the plant is 0.005.
M = (2/8)(28) + (6/8)(44) = 40 Determine the compressor work.
R = 8.314/M = 8.314/40 = __________ANS. Solution:
Wnet = WT + WP
# A Carnot cycle operates between the temperature limits of 300K and 1500K, and produces BW = WP / WT
600 KW of net power. The rate of entropy change of the working fluid during the head WP = 0.005WT
addition process is: 10,000 = WT – 0.005WT
WT = 10,050.25 KW
 WC = 0.005(10,050.25) = ____________ANS. B # A main transmitting shaft transmits 350 KW to drive a generator at 2500 rpm, what is the
# A heat engine receives heat from a source at 1200K at a rate of 500 KJ/s and rejects the required diameter of the shaft?
waste heat to a sink at 300K. If the power output of the engine is 200 KW, the second law A. 58.5 mm B. 82.7 mm C. 85.3 mm D. 56.2 mm
efficiency of this heat engine is? D # A round steel shaft rotates at 200 rpm and is subjected to a torque of 275 N-m and a
Solution: bending moment of 415 N-m. Determine the equivalent twisting moment.
ea = 200/500 = 0.40 A. 597.84 N-m B. 456.42 N-m C. 546.43 N-m D. 497.85 N-m
et = (TH - TL)/TH = (1200-300)/1200 = 0.75 A # A 4 inches shaft using a flat key, whose width is 1 inch, is transmitting a torque of 53,000
es = 0.40/0.75 = _________ANS. in-lb. If the design shearing stress is 5000 psi, determine the safe length of key.
A. 6.3 inches B. 5.3 inches C. 4.3 inches D. 7.0 inches
# A water reservoir contains 100,000 kg of water at an average elevation of 60m. The A # a 75 mm diameter shaft is transmitting 300 KW at 600 rpm. A flange coupling is used and
maximum amount of electric power that can be generated from this water is: has 6 bolts, each 18 mm in diameter. Find the required diameter if the bolt circle based on an
Solution: average shearing stress of 27.5 Mpa.
P = mh = (100,000x0.00981)(60) = 58,860 KJ A. 227.4 mm B. 477.2 mm C. 274.7 mm D. 247.7 mm
P = 58,860 KJ x KWh/3600KJ = ____________ANS. C # A heavy duty shaft coupling is to be secured woth 25 mm bolts at a distance of 150 mm
from the shaft center. The shaft transmits 4330 KW of power at a speed of 1200 rp,. If the
# A house is maintained at 22°C in winter by electric resistance heaters. If the outdoor allowable shearing stress for bolts is 100 Mpa, how many bolts are required?
temperature is 5°C, the second law efficiency of the resistance heaters is: A. 3 B. 6 C. 5 D. 4
Solution: B # A 1.75-inch diameter shaft is supported by two sleeve bearings. The total load on the wo
ea = 100% resistance heaters bearings is 2900 lb. Find the friction power loss, in Hp, if the coefficient of friction between
et = (22-15)/(22+273) = 5.8% shaft and bearing is 0.10 and the shaft rotates 200 rpm.
es = 5.8/100 = _________ANS. A. 0.88 Hp B. 0.78 Hp C. 0.98 Hp D. 0.68 Hp
B # Find the horsepower lost when a collar is loaded with 1000 lb, rotates at 25 rpm, and a
# A thermoelectric refrigerator that resembles a small ice chest is powered by a car battery, and coefficient of friction at 0.15. The outside diameter of the collar is 4 inches and the inside
has a COP of 0.10. If the refrigerator cools a 0.350 L canned drink from 20°C to 4°C in 30 diameter is 2 inches.
min, determine the average electric power consumed by the thermoelectric refrigerator. A. 0.0629 Hp B. 0.0925 Hp C. 0.0269 Hp D. 0.0692 Hp
Solution: C # A sleeve bearing has an outside diameter of 38.1 mm and a length of 50.1 mm, the wall
Q = m cp (t2 – t1) =[(1 x 0.35)/(30 x 60)] (4.187) (20-4) = 13 watts thickness is 3/16 inch. The bearing is subjected to radial load of 450 lb, determine the bearing
COP = RE / WC pressure.
0.10 = 13/0.10 = __________ANS. A. 100 psi B. 150 psi C. 200 psi D. 250 psi
A # A vertical steel cylinder water tank is 30 m in diameter and 45 m high. The allowable
MACHINE DESIGN ELEMENTS stress of the steel plate is 120 Mpa. Without reinforcing angle bars and rods, determine the
thickness of the steel plate.
C # What is the polar section modulus of a 4-inch solid shaft? A. 55.2 mm B. 56.2 mm C. 65.2 mm D. 52.6 mm
A. 25.13 in3 B. 12.57 in4 C. 12.57 in3 D. 25.13 in4 B # Determine the bursting steam pressure of a hemispherical steel shell with a diameter of
A # A hollow shaft carries a torque 3.4 KN-m at a shearing stress if 55 Mpa. The outside 100 inches and made of 0.0635 m thick steel plate. The joint efficiency is 70% and the tensile
diameter is 1.25 times that of the inside diameter. Find the inside diameter in mm. strength is 60,000 psi.
A. 64.67 B. 46.67 C. 84.67 D. 74.84 A. 4020 psi B.4200 psi C. 2500 psi D. 2040 psi
A # It is specified that the angular deformation in a shaft should not exceed 1” in length of A # A cylinder having an internal diameter of 508 mm and external diameter of 814.4 mm is
1.8m. The allowable shearing stress is 53 Mpa. Determine the diameter of the shaft. The shaft subjected to an internal pressure of 69 Mpa and an external of 14 Mpa. Determine the hoop
material has G = 77 x 106 Mpa. stress at the inner surface of the cylinder
A. 222.34 mm B. 234.22 mm C. 23.42 cm D. 24.22 cm A. 90.11 Mpa B. 91.10 Mpa C. 911.0 Mpa D. 19.10 Mpa
B # What modulus of elasticity in tension is required to obtain a unit deformation of 0.00105 A # The root diameter of a double square thread is 0.55 inch. The screw has a pitch of 0.2
from a load producing a unit stress of 45,000 psi? inch. Find the outside diameter and the number of threads per inch.
A. 40 x 106 psi B. 43 x 106 psi C. 45 x 106 psi D. 46 x 106 A. 0.75 inch and 5 threads/inch C. 0.50 inch and 5 threads/inch
A # A thrust washer has an inside diameter of 0.5 inch and an outside diameter of 3 inches. For B. 0.75 inch and 4 threads/inch D. 0.50 inch and 4 threads/inch
an allowable bearing pressure of 90 psi, how much axial load can it sustain? B # Two shafts 3.6 m between centers carry pulleys 1.2 m in diameter and 0.91 m in diameter
A. 618.5 lb B. 537.2 lb C. 702.2 lb D. 871.2 lb respectively, connected by a crossed belt. It is desired to put the belt on as an open belt. How
D # An air cylinder has a bore of 25 mm and is operated with shop air at a pressure of 90 ps. long a piece must be cut of it?
Find the push force extended by the piston rod in N. A. 300 mm B. 350 mm C. 400 mm D. 250 mm
A. 127 B. 70 C. 402 D. 305 B # A flat belt is 6 inches wide and 1/3 inch thick and transmits 15 Hp. The center distance is 8
B # A line shaft is to transmit 200 Hp at 900 rpm. Find the diameter of the shaft. ft. The driving pulley is 6 inches in diameter and rotates at 2000 rpm such that the loose side
A. 2.18 inches B. 2.26 inches C. 3.18 inches D. 3.26 inches of the belt is on top. The driven pulley is 18 inches in diameter. The belt material is 0.035
lb/in3 and the coefficient of friction is 0.30. Determine the net belt tension.
 A. 167.56 lb B. 157.56 lb C. 156.75 lb D. 175.56 lb A. 25.13 in3 B. 12.57 in4 C. 12.57in3 D. 25.13in4
A # Two pulleys, 80 cm apart, carry a belt in an open connection. If the diameter of the pulleys A # A hollow shaft carries a torque 3.4 KN-m at a shearing stress Mpa. The outside diameter is
are 40 cm and 15 cm, what is the length of the belt needed? 1.25 times that of the inside diameter. Find the inside diameter in mm.
A. 248.35 cm B. 348.35 cm C. 265.45 cm D. 305.35 cm A. 64.87 B. 46.87 C. 84.67 D. 74.64
A # A pulley 600 mm in diameter transmits 40 KW at 500 rpm. The arc of contact between the A # It is specified that the angular deformation in a shaft should not to exceed 1” in length of
belt and pulley is 144o , the coefficient of friction between belt and pulley is 0.35 and the safe 1.8 m. The allowable shearing stress is 83 Mpa. Determine the diameter of the shaft. The shaft
working stress of the belt is 2.1 Mpa. Determine the belt tension ratio, neglecting the effect of material has G = 77 x 108 Mpa.
centrifugal force. A. 222.34 mm B. 234.22 mm C. 23.42 mm D. 24.22 mm
A. 2.41 B. 2.14 C. 1.24 D. 4.12 B # What modulus of elasticity in tension is required to obtain a unit deformation of 0.00105
B # A roller chain and sprocket is to drive vertical discharge bucket elevator. The pitch of from a load producing a unit stress of 45,000 psi?
chain connecting sprockets is 1.75”. The sprocket is rotating at 120 rpm and has 11 teeth while A. 40 x 106 psi B. 43 x 106 psi C. 45 x 106 psi D. 46 x 106 psi
the driven sprocket is rotating at 38 rpm. Determine the number of teeth of driven sprocket. A # A thrust washer has an inside diameter of 0.5 inch and an outside diameter of 3 inches. For
A. 33 teeth B. 35 teeth C. 30 teeth D. 37 teeth an allowable bearing pressure of 90 psi, how much axial load can it sustain?
C # A disc clutch has 6 pairs of contacting friction surfaces with an outside diameter of 200 A. 618.5 lb B. 537.2 lb C. 702.2 lb D. 871.2 lb
mm and an inside diameter of 100 mm. The coefficient of friction of the clutch materials is 0.4 D # An air cylinder has a bore of 25 mm and is operated with shop air at a pressure of 90 psi.
and the axial force is 1500 N. The shaft speed is 1200 rpm. Find the Hp that can be transmitted Find the push force exerted by the piston rod in N.
by the clutch assuming uniform pressure. A. 127 B. 70 C. 402 D. 305
A. 35.2 Hp B. 23.5 Hp C. 47.2 Hp D. 27.4 Hp B # A line shaft is to transmit 200 Hp at 900 rpm. Find the diameter of the shaft.
A # Determine the power capacity of a cone clutch under uniform pressure and assuming the A. 2.18 inches B. 2.28 inches C. 3.18 inches D. 3.28 inches
following pressure and assuming the following conditions; major diameter = 250 mm, minor B # A main transmitting shaft transmits 350 KW to drive a generator at 2500 rpm, what is the
diameter = 200 mm, length of conical elements in contact-125 mm, rotating speed = 870 rpm, required diameter of the shaft?
coefficient of friction = 0.30, and allowable pressure = 70 kpa. A.58.5 mm B. 62.7 mm C. 65.3 mm D. 56.2 mm
A. 19.2 KW B. 21.9 KW C. 29.1 KW D. 12.9 KW D # A round steel shaft rotates at 200 rpm and is subjected to a torque of 275 N-m and a
D # A flywheel has a mean diameter of 4ft and is required to handle 2250 ft-lb of kinetic bending moment of 415 N-m. Determine the equivalent twisting moment.
energy. It has a width of 8 inches, mean operating speed is 300 rpm and the coefficient of A. 597.84 N-m B. 456.42 N-m C. 546.43 N-m D. 497.85 N-m
fluctuation is to be 0.05. Find the weight of rim, assuming that the arms and hub are equivalent A # A 4 inches shaft using a flat key, whose width is 1 inch, is transmitting a torque of 63,000
to 10% of the total rim weight. The flywheel is made up of cast iron with specific weight of in-lb. If the design shearing stress is 5000 psi, determine the safe length of key.
0.26 lb per cubic inch. A. 6.3 inches B. 5.3 inches C. 4.3 inches D. 7.0 inches
A. 334 lb B. 434 lb C. 433 lb D. 343 lb A # A 1200 mm cast iron pulley is fastened to a 112.5 mm shaft by means of a 28.13 mm
A # A 20o involute spur gear has a tooth whole depth of 16.95 mm, a tooth thickness of 13.2 square key 175 mm long. The key and the shaft have a shearing stress of 14,000 psi.
mm, and a pitch of 3. Determine the circular pitch of the gear. Determine the force acting at the pulley rim that will shear the key.
A. 26.6 mm B. 16.6 mm C. 25.6 mm D. 24.6 mm A. 10015 lb B. 11005 lb C. 11050 lb D. 10501 lb
C # A parallel helical gear-set consists of a 19-tooth pinion driving a 57-tooth gear. The pinion A # A 75 mm diameter shaft is transmitting 300 KW at 600 rpm. A flange coupling is used and
has a left-hand helix of 20o, a normal pressure angle of 14 1/2 deg . and a normal diametral has 6 bolts, each 18 mm in diameter. Find the required diameter of the bolt circle based on an
pitch of 10 tooth/inch. If the pinion is to transmit 50 Hp at a speed of 1750 rpm, determine the average shearing stress of 27.5 Mpa.
center distance of the two gears. A. 227.4 mm B. 477.2 mm C. 274.7 mm D. 247.7 mm
A. 2.02 inch B. 6.06 inch C. 4.04 inch D. 2.06 inch C # A heavy duty shaft coupling is to be secured with 25 mm bolts at a distance of 150 mm
A # A right-handed single-thread hardened steel worm has a catalog rating of 2.25 KW at 650 from the shaft center. The shaft transmits 4330 KW of power at a speed of 1200 rpm. If the
rpm when meshed with a 48-tooth cast-steel gear. The axial pitch of the worm is 25 mm, allowable shearing stress for bolts is 100 Mpa, how many bolts are required?
normal pressure angle is 14.5o, and the pitch diameter of the worm is 100 mm. The coefficient A. 3 B. 6 C. 5 D. 4
of friction is 0.085. Determine the shaft center distance. B # A 1.75-inch diameter shaft is supported by two sleeve bearings. The total load on the two
A. 241 mm B. 142 mm C. 412 mm D. 124 mm bearings is 2800 lb. Find the friction power loss, in Hp, if the coefficient of friction between
A # A 20o straight-tooth bevel pinion having 14 teeth and a diametral pitch of 6 tooth/inch shaft and bearing is 0.10 and the shaft rotates 200rpm.
drives a 42-tooth gear. The two shafts are at right angles and in the same plane. Find the pitch A. 0.88 Hp B. 0.78 Hp C. 0.98 Hp D. 0.68 Hp
angle of the pinion. B # Find the horsepower lost when a collar is loaded with 1000 lb, rotates at 25 rpm, and a
A. 18.4o B. 20o C. 14.5o D. 20.5o coefficient of friction at 0.15. The outside diameter of the collar is 4 inches and the inside
A # A triple thread worm has a lead angle of 17o and a pitch diameter of 2.2802 inches. Find diameter is 2 inches.
the center distance when the worm is mated with a wheel of 48 teeth. A. 0.0629 Hp B. 0.0926 Hp C. 0.0269 Hp D. 0.0692 Hp
A. 6.72 inches B. 7.26 inches C. 6.27 inches D. 7.62 inches C # A sleeve bearing has an outside diameter of 38.1 mm and a length of 50.1 mm, the wall
B # A double thread worm has a pitch diameter of 3 inches. The wheel has 20 teeth and a pitch thickness is 3/16 inch. The bearing is subjected to radial load of 450 lb, determine the bearing
diameter of 5 inches. Find the gear helix angle. pressure.
A. 4.69o B. 9.46o C. 6.49o D. 6.94o A. 100 psi B. 150 psi C. 200 psi D. 250 psi
C # What is the polar section modulus of a 4-inch solid shaft?
A # A vertical steel cylinder water tank is 30 m in diameter and 45 m high. The allowable A. 334 lb B. 434 lb C. 433 lb D. 343 lb
stress of the steel plate is 120 Mpa. Without reinforcing angle bars and rods, determine the A # A 20o involute spur gear has a tooth whole depth of 16.95 mm, a tooth thickness of 13.2
thickness of the steel plate. mm, and a pitch of 3. Determine the circular pitch of the gear.
A. 55.2 mm B. 56.2 mm C. 65.2 mm D. 52.6 mm A. 26.6 mm B. 16.6 mm C. 25.6 mm D. 24.6 mm
B # Determine the bursting steam pressure of a hemispherical steel shell with a diameter of C # A parallel helical gear-set consists of a 19-tooth pinion driving a 57-tooth gear. The pinion
100 inches and made of 0.0635 m thick steel plate. The joint efficiency is 70% and the tensile has a left-hand helix of 20o, a normal pressure angle of 14 1/2 deg . and a normal diametral
strength is 98 psi. pitch of 10 tooth/inch. If the pinion is to transmit 50 Hp at a speed of 1750 rpm, determine the
A. 4020 psi B. 4200 psi C. 2500 psi D. 2040 psi center distance of the two gears.
A # A cylinder having an internal diameter of 508 mm and external diameter of 914.4 mm is A. 2.02 inch B. 6.06 inch C. 4.04 inch D. 2.06 inch
subjected to an internal pressure of 69 Mpa and an external of 14 Mpa. Determine the hoop A # A right-handed single-thread hardened steel worm has a catalog rating of 2.25 KW at 650
stress at the side surface of the cylinder. rpm when meshed with a 48-tooth cast-steel gear. The axial pitch of the worm is 25 mm,
normal pressure angle is 14.5o, and the pitch diameter of the worm is 100 mm. The coefficient
A. 90.11 Mpa B. 91.10 Mpa C. 911.0 Mpa D. 19.10 Mpa of friction is 0.085. Determine the shaft center distance.
A # The root diameter of a double square thread is 0.55 inch. The screw has a pitch of 0.2 A. 241 mm B. 142 mm C. 412 mm D. 124 mm
inch. Find the outside diameter and the number of threads per inch. A # A 20o straight-tooth bevel pinion having 14 teeth and a diametral pitch of 6 tooth/inch
A. 0.75 inch and 5 threads/inch C. 0.50 inch and 5 threads/inch drives a 42-tooth gear. The two shafts are at right angles and in the same plane. Find the pitch
A. 0.75 inch and 4 threads/inch D. 0.50 inch and 4 threads/inch angle of the pinion.
B # Two shafts 3.6 m between centers carry pulleys 1.2 m in diameter and 0.91 m in diameter A. 18.4o B. 20o C. 14.5o D. 20.5o
respectively, connected by a crossed belt. It is desired to put the belt on as an open belt. How A # A triple thread worm has a lead angle of 17o and a pitch diameter of 2.2802 inches. Find
long a piece must be cut of it? the center distance when the worm is mated with a wheel of 48 teeth.
A. 300 mm B. 350 mm C. 400 mm D. 250 mm A. 6.72 inches B. 7.26 inches C. 6.27 inches D. 7.62 inches
B # A flat belt is 6 inches wide and 1/3 inch thick and transmits 15 Hp. The center distance is 8 B # A double thread worm has a pitch diameter of 3 inches. The wheel has 20 teeth and a pitch
ft. The driving pulley is 6 inches in diameter and rotates at 2000 rpm such that the loose side diameter of 5 inches. Find the gear helix angle.
of the belt is on top. The driven pulley is 18 inches in diameter. The belt material is 0.035 A. 4.69o B. 9.46o C. 6.49o D. 6.94o
lb/in3 and the coefficient of friction is 0.30. Determine the net belt tension. C # What is the polar section modulus of a 4-inch solid shaft?
A. 167.56 lb B. 157.56 lb C. 156.75 lb D. 175.56 lb A. 25.13 in3 B. 12.57 in4 C. 12.57in3 D. 25.13in4
A # Two pulleys, 80 cm apart, carry a belt in an open connection. If the diameter of the pulleys A # A hollow shaft carries a torque 3.4 KN-m at a shearing stress Mpa. The outside diameter is
are 40 cm and 15 cm, what is the length of the belt needed? 1.25 times that of the inside diameter. Find the inside diameter in mm.
A. 248.35 cm B. 348.35 cm C. 265.45 cm D. 305.35 cm A. 64.87 B. 46.87 C. 84.67 D. 74.64
A # A pulley 600 mm in diameter transmits 40 KW at 500 rpm. The arc of contact between the A # It is specified that the angular deformation in a shaft should not to exceed 1” in length of
belt and pulley is 144o , the coefficient of friction between belt and pulley is 0.35 and the safe 1.8 m. The allowable shearing stress is 83 Mpa. Determine the diameter of the shaft. The shaft
working stress of the belt is 2.1 Mpa. Determine the belt tension ratio, neglecting the effect of material has G = 77 x 108 Mpa.
centrifugal force. A. 222.34 mm B. 234.22 mm C. 23.42 mm D. 24.22 mm
A. 2.41 B. 2.14 C. 1.24 D. 4.12 B # What modulus of elasticity in tension is required to obtain a unit deformation of 0.00105
B # A roller chain and sprocket is to drive vertical discharge bucket elevator. The pitch of from a load producing a unit stress of 45,000 psi?
chain connecting sprockets is 1.75”. The sprocket is rotating at 120 rpm and has 11 teeth while A. 40 x 106 psi B. 43 x 106 psi C. 45 x 106 psi D. 46 x 106 psi
the driven sprocket is rotating at 38 rpm. Determine the number of teeth of driven sprocket. A # A thrust washer has an inside diameter of 0.5 inch and an outside diameter of 3 inches. For
A. 33 teeth B. 35 teeth C. 30 teeth D. 37 teeth an allowable bearing pressure of 90 psi, how much axial load can it sustain?
C # A disc clutch has 6 pairs of contacting friction surfaces with an outside diameter of 200 A. 618.5 lb B. 537.2 lb C. 702.2 lb D. 871.2 lb
mm and an inside diameter of 100 mm. The coefficient of friction of the clutch materials is 0.4 D # An air cylinder has a bore of 25 mm and is operated with shop air at a pressure of 90 psi.
and the axial force is 1500 N. The shaft speed is 1200 rpm. Find the Hp that can be transmitted Find the push force exerted by the piston rod in N.
by the clutch assuming uniform pressure. A. 127 B. 70 C. 402 D. 305
A. 35.2 Hp B. 23.5 Hp C. 47.2 Hp D. 27.4 Hp B # A line shaft is to transmit 200 Hp at 900 rpm. Find the diameter of the shaft.
A # Determine the power capacity of a cone clutch under uniform pressure and assuming the A. 2.18 inches B. 2.28 inches C. 3.18 inches D. 3.28 inches
following pressure and assuming the following conditions; major diameter = 250 mm, minor B # A main transmitting shaft transmits 350 KW to drive a generator at 2500 rpm, what is the
diameter = 200 mm, length of conical elements in contact-125 mm, rotating speed = 870 rpm, required diameter of the shaft?
coefficient of friction = 0.30, and allowable pressure = 70 kpa. A. 58.5 mm B. 62.7 mm C. 65.3 mm D. 56.2 mm
A. 19.2 KW B. 21.9 KW C. 29.1 KW D. 12.9 KW D # A round steel shaft rotates at 200 rpm and is subjected to a torque of 275 N-m and a
D # A flywheel has a mean diameter of 4ft and is required to handle 2250 ft-lb of kinetic bending moment of 415 N-m. Determine the equivalent twisting moment.
energy. It has a width of 8 inches, mean operating speed is 300 rpm and the coefficient of A. 597.84 N-m B. 456.42 N-m C. 546.43 N-m D. 497.85 N-m
fluctuation is to be 0.05. Find the weight of rim, assuming that the arms and hub are equivalent A # A 4 inches shaft using a flat key, whose width is 1 inch, is transmitting a torque of 63,000
to 10% of the total rim weight. The flywheel is made up of cast iron with specific weight of in-lb. If the design shearing stress is 5000 psi, determine the safe length of key.
0.26 lb per cubic inch. A. 6.3 inches B. 5.3 inches C. 4.3 inches D. 7.0 inches
A # A 1200 mm cast iron pulley is fastened to a 112.5 mm shaft by means of a 28.13 mm A. 410 mm B. 310 mm C. 510 mm D. 210 mm
square key 175 mm long. The key and the shaft have a shearing stress of 14,000 psi. A # If the ultimate shear strength of a steel plate is 42,000 psi, what force is necessary to
Determine the force acting at the pulley rim that will shear the key.
A. 10015 lb B. 11005 lb C. 11050 lb D. 10501 lb punch inch diameter hole in a 5/8 inch thick plate/
A # A 75 mm diameter shaft is transmitting 300 KW at 600 rpm. A flange coupling is used and A. 61,850 lb B. 65,810 lb C. 61,580 lb D. 60,185 lb
has 6 bolts, each 18 mm in diameter. Find the required diameter of the bolt circle based on an C # In a straight bevel gear, the angle between an element of the pitch cone and an element of
average shearing stress of 27.5 Mpa. the face cone is called:
A. 227.4 mm B. 477.2 mm C. 274.7 mm D. 247.7 mm A. Face angle B. Pitch angle C. Addendum angle D. Dedendum
C # A heavy duty shaft coupling is to be secured with 25 mm bolts at a distance of 150 mm angle
from the shaft center. The shaft transmits 4330 KW of power at a speed of 1200 rpm. If the D # A four bar mechanism in which one of the links can perform a full rotation relative to the
allowable shearing stress for bolts is 100 Mpa, how many bolts are required? other three links.
A. 3 B. 6 C. 5 D. 4 A. Geneva mechanism C. Triple rocker mechanism
B # A 1.75-inch diameter shaft is supported by two sleeve bearings. The total load on the two B. Crossover-position mechanism D. Grashof mechanism
bearings is 2800 lb. Find the friction power loss, in Hp, if the coefficient of friction between A # A Grashof four-bar mechanism in which the shorted link is the frame or the fixed link and
shaft and bearing is 0.10 and the shaft rotates 200rpm. the other two cranks completely rotate with their axes.
A. 0.88 Hp B. 0.78 Hp C. 0.98 Hp D. 0.68 Hp A. Drank link mechanism C. Double-rocker mechanism
B # Find the horsepower lost when a collar is loaded with 1000 lb, rotates at 25 rpm, and a B. Crank-rocker mechanism D. Triple-rocker mechanism
coefficient of friction at 0.15. The outside diameter of the collar is 4 inches and the inside C # “For planar four bar linkage, the sum of the shortest and the longest lengths cannot be
diameter is 2 inches. greater than the sum of the remaining two links” lengths if there is to be a continuous relative
A. 0.0629 Hp B. 0.0926 Hp C. 0.0269 Hp D. 0.0692 Hp rotation between the two member” The preceding statement is known as:
C # A sleeve bearing has an outside diameter of 38.1 mm and a length of 50.1 mm, the wall A. Grubler’s law B. Coriolli’s law C. Grashof’s law D.
thickness is 3/16 inch. The bearing is subjected to radial load of 450 lb, determine the bearing Freudentein’s law
pressure. B # Which of the following is not true for an instant center or centro of planar linkages?
A. 100 psi B. 150 psi C. 200 psi D. 250 psi A. Centro is a point common to two bodies having the same velocity in each.
A # A vertical steel cylinder water tank is 30 m in diameter and 45 m high. The allowable B. Centro is a point in one body about which another body does tend to rotate.
stress of the steel plate is 120 Mpa. Without reinforcing angle bars and rods, determine the C. Centro is a point in one body about which another body actually turns.
thickness of the steel plate. D. Centro is a point in one body about which another body tends to turn.
A. 55.2 mm B. 56.2 mm C. 65.2 mm D. 52.6 mm A # The most common work holding devices of a shaper machine with the base graduated in
B # Determine the bursting steam pressure of a hemispherical steel shell with a diameter of degrees that make it possible to swivel any angle.
100 inches and made of 0.0635 m thick steel plate. The joint efficiency is 70% and the tensile A. Shaper vise B. Parallel bars and hold down bars C. Lathe holder D.
strength is 98 psi. Swivel head
A. 4020 psi B. 4200 psi C. 2500 psi D. 2040 psi A # Shaper operation which is shaping the given stock and having the excess material
A # A cylinder having an internal diameter of 508 mm and external diameter of 914.4 mm is remain with a tolerable allowance for finishing.
subjected to an internal pressure of 69 Mpa and an external of 14 Mpa. Determine the hoop A. Roughing B. Finishing C. Angular Cutting D. Contouring
stress at the side surface of the cylinder. C # A cutting tool that has two or more cutting edges as in drill presses and milling machine
D # A 35-tooth pinion turning at 300 rpm drives a 120-tooth gear of 14.5° involute full depth cutters.
pressure angle. Determine the rpm of the driven gear. A. Grinder B. Single-point cutting tool C. Multi-point cutting tool D,
A. 60 rpm B. 45 rpm C. 75 rpm D. 90 rpm Two-point cutting tool
B # Two parallel shafts connected by cylinders in pure rolling contact and turning in the same A # The trade name for a patented alloy made up chiefly of cobalt, chromium, and tungsten
direction having a speed ratio of 2.75. Determine the center distance of the two shafts if the varying proportions.
diameter of the smaller cylinder is 22 cm. A. Stellite B. Carbology C. Stainless Steel D. Copper
A.18.25 B. 19.25 cm C. 20.25 cm D. 17.25 cm A # The transformation of concepts and ideas into useful machinery is called as:
A # Three extension springs are hooked in parallel that supports a single weight of 100 kg. The A. Design B.Synthesis C. Analysis D. Theorem
first spring is rated at 4 KN/m and the other two springs are rated at 6 KN/m each. Determine C # It is a combination of mechanisms and other components that transform, transmits, or uses
the equivalent stiffness of the three springs. energy, load, or motion for a specific purpose.
A. 1.71 KN/m B. 5 KN/m C. 2.71 KN/m D. 3.71 KN/m A. Mechanism B. Engine C. Machine D. Linkage
B # Three extension springs are hooked in parallel that support a single weight of 100 kg. The
springs are rated 4 KN/m, 5 KN/m, and 6 KN/m, respectively. Determine the equivalent spring B # It is defined as synergistic collection of machine elements; synergistic because as a design
constant of the three springs. it represents an idea or concept greater than the sum of the individual parts.
A. 10 KN/m B. 15 KN/m C. 9 KN/m D. 11 KN/m A. System of mechanism B. Mechanical system C. Design system D.
A # Two extension coil springs are hooked in series that support a single weight of 100 kg. Expert system
The first spring is rated at 4 KN/m and the other spring is rated at 6 KN/m. Determine the total C # It may be defined the displacement per length produced in a solid as the result of stress.
deflection of the springs. A. DeformationB. Elongation C. Strain D. Stress
D # The combination of applied normal and shear stresses that produces maximum principal B # A machining operation for all types of metallic and nonmetallic materials and is capable of
normal stress, with a third principal stress between or equivalent to the extremes. producing circular parts with straight of various profiles.
A. Principal shear stress C. Maximum shear stress A. Boring B. Turning C. Drilling D. Milling
B. Principal normal stress D, Bending and shear stress B # A set of specification for parts, materials, or processes intended to achieve uniformity,
C # It is a load applied transversely to longitudinal axis of member. efficiency, and a specified quality.
A. Combined loads B. Concentrated load C. Bending load A. Code B. Standard C. Law D. Theorem
D. Distributed load A # A set of specification for the analysis, design, manufacture, and construction of something;
C # It is the intensity and direction of internal force acting at a given point on particular plane. the purpose of which is to achieve a specified degree of safety, efficiency, and performance or
A. Load B. Strain C. Stress D. Sustained load quality.
A # It is the capacity of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically and then, A. Code B. Standard C. Law D. Theorem
upon unloading, to release this energy. # It is defined as synergistic collection of machine elements; synergistic because as a design it
A. Resilience B. Toughness C. Rigidity D. Ductility represents an idea or concept greater than the sum of the individual parts.
D # It is the strain energy per unit volume required to stress a material from an unloaded state A. System of mechanism B. Mechanical system C. Design system
to the point of yielding. D. Expert system
A. Modulus of roughness C. Modulus of rigidity
B. Modulus of elasticity D. Modulus of resilience # It may be define the displacement per length produced in a solid as a result of stress.
A # The ability of the material to absorb energy up to fracture. A. Deformation B. Elongation C. Strain D. Stress
A. Toughness B. Rigidity C. Resilience D. Stiffness
B # The Maximum Shear Stress Theory, as a failure prediction theory, is also known as: # The combination of applied normal and shear stresses that produces maximum principal
A. von Mises criterion B. Tresca yield criterion C. Coulomb-Mohr normal stress, with a third principal stress between or equivalent to the extremes.
Theory A. Principal shear stress C. Maximum shear stress
D. Modified Mohr Theory B. Principal normal stress D. Bending and shear stress
B # A failure prediction theory, which states that a part subjected to any combination of loads,
will fail (by yielding or fracturing) whenever the maximum shear stress exceeds a critical # It is a load applied transversely to longitudinal axis of member.
value. A. Combined load B. Concentrated load C. Bending load
A. Distorsion-energy theory C. Internal friction theory D. Distributed load.
B. Maximim-shear-stress theory D, Modified Mohr theory
A # A theory in a cyclic and impact loading, which states that damage at any stress level is # It is the intensity and direction of internal force acting at given point on particular plane.
proportional ro the number of cycles. A. Load B. Strain C. Stress D. Sustained load
A, Miner’s rule B. Paris Power Law C. Goodman Rule D. Manson-
Coffin Relationship # It is the capacity of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elasticity and then,
B # A journal bearing where the radius of the journal is less than the radius of the bushing or upon unloading, to release this energy.
bearing. A. Resilience B. Toughness C. Rigidity D. Ductility
A. Fitted journal bearing C. Partial journal bearing
B. Clearance journal bearing D. Full journal bearing # It is the strain energy per unit volume required to stress a material from an unloaded state to
B # A lubrication where the load-carrying surfaces of the bearing are separated by a relatively the point of yielding.
thick film of lubricant, so as to prevent metal to metal contact, and where the stability of the A. Modulus of roughness B. Modulus of elasticity C. Modulus of rigidity
film can be explained by the laws of fluid mechanics. D. Modulus of resilience
A. Hydrostatic lubrication C. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication
B. Hydrodynamic lubrication D. Boundary lubrication # The ability of the material to absorb energy up to the fracture.
A # A lubrication condition where non-conformal surfaces are completely separated by A. Toughness B. Rigidity C. Resilience D. Stiffness
lubricant film and no asperities are in contact.
A. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication C. Hydrodynamic lubrication # The Maximum Shear Stress Theory, as a failure prediction theory, is also known as:
B. Boundary lubrication D. Hydrostatic lubrication A. von Mises criterion B. Tresca yield criterion C. Coulomb-Mohr theory
C # A speed at which rotating shaft becomes dynamically unstable. D. Modified Mohr-theory
A. Normal Speed B. Variable Speed C. Critical Speed D. Average
Speed # A failure prediction theory, which states that a part subjected to any combination of
B # A ball bearing with race contacting pronounced groove for rolling elements. loads, will fail (by yielding and fracturing) whenever the maximum shear stress exceeds a
A. Crown bearing B. Conrad bearing C. Angular-contact bearing D. critical value.
Cylindrical bearing A. Distorsion-energy theory C. Internal friction theory
A # A machining process for producing internal straight cylindrical surface or profiles, with B. Maximum-shear-stress theory D. Modified Mohr theory
process characteristics and tooling similar to those for turning operations.
A. Boring B. Drilling C. Reaming D. Milling
# A theory in cyclic and impact loading, which states that damage at any stress level is
proportional to the number of cycles. # The algebraic difference between the maximum limit and the corresponding basic.
A. Mine’s rule B. Paris Power Law C. Goodman Rule A. Fundamental deviation B. Upper Deviation C. Lower deviation D.
D. Manson-coffin Relationship Tolerance

# A journal bearing where the radius of the journal is less than the radius of the bushing or # The algebraic difference between the minimum limit and the corresponding basic.
bearing. A. Fundamental deviation B. Upper Deviation C. Lower deviation D.
A. Fitted journal bearing C. Partial journal bearing Tolerance
B. Clearance journal bearing D. Full journal bearing
# Either the upper of the lower deviation, depending on which is closer to the basic size.
# A lubrication where the load-carrying surfaces of the bearing are separated by a relatively A. Fundamental deviation B. Upper Deviation C. Lower deviation D.
thick film of lubricant, so as to prevent metal to metal contact, and where the stability of the Tolerance
film can be explained by the laws of fluid mechanics.
A. Hydrostatic lubrication C. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication # The difference between the maximum and minimum size limits of a part.
B. Hydrodynamic lubrication D. Boundary lubrication A. Allowance B. Tolerance C. Deviation D. Basic size

# A lubrication condition where non-conformal surfaces are completely separated by lubricant # The stated maximum and minimum dimensions.
film and no asperities are in contact. A. Tolerance B. Limits C. Nominal size D. Basic size
A. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication C. Hydrodynamic lubrication
B. Boundary lubrication D. Hydrostatic lubrication # A general term that refers to the mating of cylindrical parts such as bolt or a hole; it is used
only when the internal member is smaller that the external member.
# A speed at which rotating shaft becomes dynamic unstable. A. Clearance B. Interference C. Allowance D. Tolerance
A. Normal speed B. Variable speed C. Critical speed D. Average speed
# The opposite of clearance, for mating cylindrical parts in which the internal member is
# A ball bearing with race containing pronounced groove for rolling elements. larger than the external member.
A. Crown bearing B.Conrad bearing C.Angular-contact bearing A. Clearance B. Allowance C. Tolerance D. Interference
D.Cylindrical bearing
# The minimum stated clearance or the maximum stated interference for mating parts.
# A machining process for producing internal straight cylindrical surface or profiles, with A. Clearance B. Allowance C. Tolerance D. Interference
process characteristics and tooling similar to those for turning operations.
A.Boring B.Drilling C.Reaming D.Milling # The property of a material that measures the degree of plastic deformation sustained at
fracture.
# A machining operation for all types of metallic and nonmetallic materials and is capable of A. Toughness B. Stiffness C. Ductility C. Brittleness
producing circular parts with straight or various profiles.
A.Boring B.Turning C.Drilling D.Milling # Compounds of metallic elements, most frequently oxides, nitrides, and carbides.
# An American nonprofit society, founded in 1921, whose objectives are to improve and A. Plastic B. Polymers C. Ceramics D. Alloy
advance the use of fabricated structural stress.
A. American Iron Steel Institute (AISI) # A material having different properties in all directions at point in solid.
B. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) A. Isotropic material B. Anisotropic material C. Orthropic material
C. American Society for Metals (ASM) D. Ceramic material
D. American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)
# A material having different properties in three mutually perpendicular directions at point in
# A sketch of a machine, a machine element, or part of a machine element that shows all solid and having three mutually perpendicular planes of material symmetry.
acting forces, such as applied load and gravity forces, and all reactive forces. A. Orthotropic material B. Isotropic material C. Anistropic material
A. Schematic diagram B. Free body diagram C. Moment diagram D. Thermoplastic material
D. Skeletal diagram
# The combination of two or more materials, usually consisting of fiber and thermosetting
# The size to which a limit of deviations is assigned and is the same for both members of the polymer.
fit, it is the exact theoretical size. A. Brittle materials B. Composite materials C. Polymers D. Ceramics
A. Nominal stress B. Basic size C. Maximum size D. Minimum size
# A theorem stating that “when a body is elastically deformed by a system of loads, the
# The algebraic difference between a size and the corresponding basic size. deflection at any point p in any direction a is equal to the partial derivatives of the strain energy
A. Tolerance B. Allowance C. Deviation D. Limit (with the system of loads acting) with respect to a load at p in the direction a”.
 A. Poisson’s Theorem B. Newton’s Theorem C. Castigliano’s Theorem
D. Mohr’s Theorem

# A principal or method that a deflection at any point in bar is equal to sum f deflection caused
by each load acting separately.
A. Summation Method B. Method of balancing C. Method of superposition
D. Shear and Moment diagram method

# A failure prediction theory in which failure is caused by the elastic energy associated with
shear deformation.
A. Maximum-shear-stress theory B. Distorsion-energy theory C. Maximum-normal-stress
theory
D. Internal friction theory