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Strings Chap 8

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28 views40 pages

Strings Chap 8

rotuirhfyiu

Uploaded by

silent sprits
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Strings

String Basics – no. of characters


• printf(“Average = %.2f”, avg);

A v e r a g e = % . 2 f

• A string of 14 characters,
String Basics - no. of characters
• printf(“Hello! Good day”);

H e l l o ! G o o d d a y

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

• A string of 15 characters,
String Basics - Declaration
Case 1:
char vari[10];
vari[10] = “Greeting!”;

Case 2:
char vari[10] = “Greeting!”;
String Basics - Declaration
• char string_var[6] = “value”;
v a l u e 5
Refer to charac
address of [0] ters
[0] [1] [2] [3] [4]
to [4]

• Why we declare string_var array as [6]? Why


not [5]?
String Basics - Declaration
• char string_var[6] = “value”;
6 v a l u e 6
charac
ters

Refer to
address of [0] [] [0] [1] [2] [3] [4]
to [4]

Length-controlled
string
String Basics - Declaration
• char vart[10] = “Hello!”;
End of
10 H e l l o ! \0 string

[] [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]


Address
[0] to [6]

• We declared vart for 10 spaces. What


happen to the rest of the unused address?
String Basics - Declaration
• char vart[10] = “Hello!”;
H e l l o ! \0 ? ? ?

[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
Adddress
[0] to [9]
String Basics - Declaration
• char str[20] = “Initial value”;

I n i t i a l v a l u e \0 ? ? ? ? ? ?

[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19]
String Basics - %c and %s - printf
• Case 1: use %c
• Use for loop to print out the string.
for(i=0; i<5; i++)
printf(“%c”, str[i]);

• Case 2: use %s
• For loop is not required.
printf(“%s”, str);
String Basics - %c and %s - scanf
• Case 1: use %c
• Use for loop to store the string in an array.
• A specific address “&” is required.
for (int i=0; i<10; i++ )
scanf("%c", &string_val[i]);

• Case 2: use %s
• Both for loop and & are not required.
scanf(“%s”, str);
String Basics – limitation of scanf
String Basics – Solve %c & %s
limitations
• Function gets() and puts();

printf (“Enter string:”);


gets(str);
puts(str);
String Library – strcpy()
char str01[10], str02[15] = "YYYY";
strcpy(str01, str02);
String copy
to
String Library – strncpy()
char str01[16] = “GREETINGS TO ME”;
char str02[20] = “Greetings to you”;
strncpy(str01, str02, 8);
Copy first 8 characters from
str02 to str01

First 8 characters are from


str02
String Library – strncpy()
char str01[16] = “GREETINGS TO ME”;
char str02[20] = “Greetings to you”;
strncpy(str01, &str02[13], 3);
String Library – strcat()
char str01[16] = “GREETINGS”;
char str02[20] = “ to you”;
strcat(str01, str02);
String Library – strncat()
char str01[16] = “GREETINGS”;
char str02[20] = “ to you”;
strncat(str01, str02, 2);
String Library – strncat()
char str01[16] = “GREETINGS”;
char str02[20] = “ to you”;
strncat(str01, &str02[1], 2);
String Library – strlen()
char str01[16] = “GREETINGS”;
char str02[20] = “ to you”;
printf(“No of Char: %d”,strlen(str01));
String Library – strlen()
char str01[16] = “GREETINGS”;
char str02[20] = “ to you”;
printf(“No of Char: %d”,strlen(str02));
String Library – strcmp()
• Return integer.
– str1 is less than str2, return –ve value;
– str1 equals to str2, return 0;
– str1 is larger than str2, return +ve value;
String Library – strcmp()
char str01[16] = “joyful”;
char str02[20] = “joyous”;
printf(“Compare: %d”,strcmp(str01, str02));
String Library – strcmp()
char str01[16] = “joyful”;
char str02[20] = “joyous”;
printf(“Compare: %d”,strcmp(str02, str01));
String Library – strncmp()
char str01[16] = “joyful”;
char str02[20] = “joyous”;
printf(“Compare: %d”,strncmp(str01, str02, 1));
String Library – strncmp()
char str01[16] = “joyful”;
char str02[20] = “joyous”;
printf(“Compare: %d”,strncmp(str02, str01, 4));
String Library Functions
• Required #include<string.h> in the
header section.
• strcpy(), strncpy(),
• strcmp(), strncmp(),
• strcat(), strncat()
• strlen()
Character Library Functions
• Required ctype.h library in header section.
– getchar(),
– isaplha(),
– isdigit(),
– islower(), isupper,
– ispunct(),
– isspace(),
– tolower(),
– toupper(),
ctype.h function – getchar()
printf("Enter a char:");
scanf(“%c”, &str01);
printf(“%c”, str01);

printf("Enter a char:");
str01 = getchar();
printf("%c", str01);
ctype.h function – isalpha()
char str01;
printf("Enter a char:");
str01 = getchar();
if (isalpha(str01))
printf("It is a %c", str01);
else
printf("It is not a character");
ctype.h function – isdigit()
char str01;
printf("Enter a number:");
str01 = getchar();
if (isdigit(str01))
printf("\nIt is a digit");
else
printf("\nIt is not a digit");
ctype.h function – islower()
char str01;
printf("Enter a char:");
str01 = getchar();
if (islower(str01))
printf("It is a lower case character");
else
printf("It is an upper case character");
ctype.h function – isupper()
char str01;
printf("Enter a char:");
str01 = getchar();
if (isupper(str01))
printf("It is an upper case character");
else
printf("It is a lower case character");
ctype.h function – ispunct()
char str01;
printf("Enter a char:");
str01 = getchar();
if (ispunct(str01))
printf("It is a punctuation");
else
printf("It is not a punctuation");
ctype.h function – isspace()
char str01;
printf("Enter a char:");
str01 = getchar();
if (isspace(str01))
printf("It is a space");
else
printf("It is not a space");
ctype.h function – tolower()
char str01;
printf("Enter a char:");
str01 = getchar();
printf("To lower case: %c", tolower(str01));
ctype.h function – toupper()
char str01;
printf("Enter a char:");
str01 = getchar();
printf("To upper case: %c", toupper(str01));
sprintf() function in stdio.h

• Store and convert the values in string for future


used.

n=sprintf (buffer, "%d plus %d is %d", a, b, a+b);


printf ("[%s] is a string %d chars long\n", buffer,n);
sscanf() function in stdio.h
• Convert and store all variable into string.

sscanf(data_link, “%d%d%s”, &n, &m, str);


THE END

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