This document provides information on cold water services design, including design checklists, requirements, calculations, and examples. It begins with a checklist for cold water services design. Next, it outlines the standard requirements, including relevant laws, standards, and authorities. Example calculations are then provided for determining water demand, tank sizing, and pipe sizing. The document concludes with a discussion of the typical design process, including estimating water demand, system design, equipment layout, and detail piping layout. Key considerations like pressure needs, pipe friction loss, and equivalent lengths are also addressed.
This document provides information on cold water services design, including design checklists, requirements, calculations, and examples. It begins with a checklist for cold water services design. Next, it outlines the standard requirements, including relevant laws, standards, and authorities. Example calculations are then provided for determining water demand, tank sizing, and pipe sizing. The document concludes with a discussion of the typical design process, including estimating water demand, system design, equipment layout, and detail piping layout. Key considerations like pressure needs, pipe friction loss, and equivalent lengths are also addressed.
This document provides information on cold water services design, including design checklists, requirements, calculations, and examples. It begins with a checklist for cold water services design. Next, it outlines the standard requirements, including relevant laws, standards, and authorities. Example calculations are then provided for determining water demand, tank sizing, and pipe sizing. The document concludes with a discussion of the typical design process, including estimating water demand, system design, equipment layout, and detail piping layout. Key considerations like pressure needs, pipe friction loss, and equivalent lengths are also addressed.
This document provides information on cold water services design, including design checklists, requirements, calculations, and examples. It begins with a checklist for cold water services design. Next, it outlines the standard requirements, including relevant laws, standards, and authorities. Example calculations are then provided for determining water demand, tank sizing, and pipe sizing. The document concludes with a discussion of the typical design process, including estimating water demand, system design, equipment layout, and detail piping layout. Key considerations like pressure needs, pipe friction loss, and equivalent lengths are also addressed.
1 Identify the cold water distribution system – direct / indirect
system 2 Calculate the cold water storage size – using BS6700 1987 (Provision of storage) or based of LU method. 3 Calculate the water pipe size – Thomas Box Formula/Loading Unit (LU) /Monogram based on BS 6700 4 Draw schematic and detailed drawings using CADD software 5 Choose suitable location for placing the tank and material for storage tank in catalogue DCB6223- Building Services Design 1.2 Requirement for Cold Water Services Design Process
DCB6223- Building Services Design
1.2.1 Standard Requirement for Cold Water Services Design
Laws, Standard , Rules, Authority
• WATER SERVICE S INDUSTRY ACT- LAWS OF MALAYSIA (act 655) • BS 6700 • MS.. UC • SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA (SPAN)-technical guidelines • GUIDE TO WATER SUPPLY RULES-JKR • LOCAL WATER AUTHORITY
DCB6223- Building Services Design
1.2.1 Standard Requirement for Cold Water Services Design
Other References: • PLUMBING ENGINEERING SERVICE DESIGN GUIDE COMPLIED AND PUBLISHED BY:- THE INSTITUE OF PLUMBING
• CARRIER SYSTEM DESIGN MANUAL–PART 3 PIPING DESIGN
DCB6223- Building Services Design
1.3 Cold Water Services Design Calculation
DCB6223- Building Services Design
Example : MULTY -STOREY DESIGN PROCEDURE: BASIC APPROACH TO COLD WATER SUPPLY DESIGN
Step 1 Water demand estimation
Step 2 System design
Step 3 Equipment layout
Step 4 Location and sizing of main supply riser and dropper
Step 5 Detail piping layout and schematic drafting
Step 6 Pipe sizing
STEP 1 : WATER DEMAND ESTIMATION
• Mainly three(3) methods are being used:
(1) Based on local water authority (e.g SYABAS) and
Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air (SPAN). (2) Base on rule 224 (Guide to water supply rules and panduan kaedah-kaedah bekalan air- Cawangan Bekalan air JKR) – - By Building – - By People – - By Fitting – - By Area (3) Based on actual recording of daily consumption ( used for hospital) NOTE: NOT INCLUDE FIRE FIGHTING REQUIREMENTS Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN) CONSUMPTION BY LOCAL WATER AUTHORITY
SOURCE :PBAPP SDN BHD
CONSUMPTION BY TYPE OF BUILDING CONSUMPTION BY PERSON
BUILDING CONSUMPTION/DAY
HOSTEL 270 LITERS/RESIDENT
OFFICES WITHOUT 70 LITERS/PERSON CANTEEN OFFICES WITH 90 LITERS/PERSON CANTEEN
RESTAURANTS 14 LITERS CONSUMPTION BY FITTING
FITTINGS CONSUMPTION/FITTING/DAY
SHOWER(SH) 450-900 LITERS
SLIPPER BATH 900 LITERS WATER 180 LITERS CLOSET(WC) LAVATORY 90 LITERS BASIN(WCT) SINK(WB) 90 LITERS URINAL(IR) 180 LITERS BED PAN WASHER 180 LITERS WASH-UP SINK 225 LITERS EXAMPLE 1: TANK SIZING
A block in the hostel will be occupied by 120 students.
Calculate the daily water requirement for this block. • Design calculation: Requirement (Based on total occupied) = 120 (people) x 180 liter/day = 21,600 liter/day = 4,800 gallons/day EXAMPLE 2: TANK SIZING
• Calculate the daily water requirement of the 16-storey
office building to be built. Given every level: - • 4 wash basin (WB), • 2 urinal (UR), • 4 water closet (WC) dan • 4 water closet tap (WCT). • Design calculation : • requirement (based on installation) = 4x(WB) + 2x(UR) + 4x(WC) + 4x(WCT) = 4x(90) + 2x(180) + 4x(180) + 4x(90) = 1,800 liter/day/level. = 28,800 liter/day EXAMPLE 3: TANK SIZING
• For buildings in Example 2, the requirement is 28,800 liters of water a day.
Calculate the capacity of suction tanks and storage tanks. Use the FRP tank. • Design Calculation: Panel FRP: 1220mm(P) x 1220mm(L), Tangki sedutan 1/3 keperluan sehari, = 1/3 x 28,800 = 9,600 liter
Saiz tangki = 3 panel (P) x 1 panel (L) x 2 panel (T)
= 3.66m x 1.22m x 2.44m = 10, 895 liter (nominal) (-)Pampasan untuk TWL (125mm) dan BWL (50mm) = 10, 895 – 781 = 10,114 liter kapasiti sebenar (ok). STEP 2 : SYSTEM DESIGN
The questions normally arise are:
• Size of storage tanks
• Is suction tank required • Size of suction tank • Size of roof storage tank • Tank Location • Pneumatic Hydro Pump for flush valve Step 2 : continues
• Tank Sizing • Storage capacity should not less than one day. • In certain areas with inconsistent and insufficient main pressure, booster pump with suction tank and roof tank are introduced. • Suction tank= 1/3 of total demand • Roof tank = 2/3 of total demand • Tank size should reflect net capacity not nominal capacity Example internal water plumbing system STEP 4; DETAIL PIPING LAYOUT AND SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
SKEMATIK PIPING LAYOUT
Note : Isometric is better
STEP 5; PIPE SIZING
Basic Parameters to understand :-
Velocity (m/s)
Flowrate ( L/s)
Friction loss/pressure drop( meter head)
Basic continuity equation laminar flow
Q= VELOCITY X AREA EXAMPLE GRAPH : Q, V, f, A(dia), LU OBJECTICE : PIPE SIZING
• To provide a safe and healthy supply
• To provide adequate pressure to all plumbing
fixtures/fitting e.g water closet, tap, basin, shower, sink etc
• To provide optimum pipe size
TERMINOLOGY NEED TO KNOW IN THE CALCULATION SIZE PIPE
• PIPE FRICTION LOSS (UNIT METER HEAD OR FEET HEAD/METER RUN/FEET RUN)
• ACTUAL LENGTH PIPE (UNIT: METER OR FEET)
• EQUIVALENT LENGTH( UNIT: METER OR FEET)
• STATIC HEAD (UNIT: METER HEAD OR FEET HEAD)
• RESIDUAL HEAD(UNIT: METER HEAD OR FEET HEAD)
• AVAILABLE STATIC HEAD(UNIT: METER HEAD OR FEET HEAD)
• FRICTION LOSS DUE TO FITTINGS(UNIT METER HEAD OR FEET HEAD)
• LOADING UNITS OTHER SIGNIFICANT TERMINOLOGY
• LOADING UNITS: Loading units are factors taking into account the flow rate at the appliance, the length of time in use and the frequency of use.
Head loss in fitting and valve
Should be expressed as the loss of head through an equivalent length of pipe. Approximation may be made by adding an equivalent length as percentage of actual length to cover all head losses in pipe fitting. Percentage added 10% hingga 40% depending on the complexity of the pipe layout
Source : BS6700 Residual Head at fittings
Source: Uniform Technical Guideline for Water Reticulation and Plumbing (SPAN)- 2014 EXAMPLE :TABLE LOADING UNIT
SOURCE: PLUMBING ENGINEERING
SERVICE DESIGN GUIDE Graph : Loading Unit
SOURCE: GUIDE TO WATER SUPPLY RULES & PANDUAN KAEDAH-KAEDAH BEKALAN AIR CAW.BEKALAN AIR Ibu Pejabat JKR Pipe Sizing Chart-plastic
SOURCE : MWA GUIDELINES FOR WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM /BS6700
DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR SIZING SYSTEM OF PIPE WORK : BS 6700 STAGE DESCRIPTION 1 Prepare pipework diagram 2 Enter pipe reference on calculation sheet 3 Determine the loading units for each length of pipe 4 Convert loading unit to design flow rate 5 Starting from the source and using a straight pipe 6 Determine the vertical distance between inlet and outlet 7 Determine the available head 8 Measure the actual of pipe 9 Determine the effective length of the pipe 10 Determine the actual head loss 11 Determine an equivalent length of pipe 12 Deduct actual head loss 13 Residual pressure DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR SIZING SYSTEM OF PIPE WORK : stage 1 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS ULTIMATE (FLOOR PLAN AND ELEVATION PLAN) 2 ACTUAL PIPE LINES(DESIGNER)
3 DO schematic drawings(DESIGNER)
4 LOCATION OF THE TANK(DESIGNER)
5 SET PIPE LINES THE MOST WORST(not the farthest)
6 SET PRESSURE NEEDED IN DRAW-OFF OUTLET EXECISE : PIPE SIZINGlatihan
TOILET 2
TOILET 1
TOILET 3 TYPICAL LOSS OF HEAD THROUGH TAPS AND EQUIVALENT PIPE LENGHTS TAP FLOW RATE LOSS OF HEAD EQUIVALENT PIPE (L/S) (M) LENGTH (M) NOMINAL SIZE 0.15 0.5 3.7 ½”(15MM) NOMINAL SIZE 0.20 0.8 3.7 ½”(15MM) NOMINAL SIZE 0.30 0.8 11.8 ¾”(20MM)
NOMINAL SIZE 0.60 1.5 22.0
1”(25MM)
SUMBER : BS6700 Table 22
Kuiz : Kalau tap lebih besar 25mm ? First …Determine loading Unit(L) in each pipe section • Demand unit/loading Unit(LU)…. Base medium frequency use • Table 14 plumbing engineering services design guide (nota)
TOTAL (LU) 22 …next Size the pipe within each toilet Demand (LU) for each toilet = 7 LU Assume friction loss between 0.03 m wg/m run till 0.05m wg/m run …..take 0.03 m wg/m run
Pipe size=25-32mm OD V=0.5-0.75 m/s Q=0.25L/S …..next • Repeat the same process for each branch of distribution pipe to each appliance group, FROM GRAPH 4 we get:-
Branch LU Q(l/s) Pipe Velocity
Dia.(mm) (m/s) Tap 1 0.07 20 <0.5 BASIN 2 0.12 20 0.5 SHOWER 2 0.12 20 0.5 ….next • REFER SCHEMATIC .. SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY
• FROM THE SOURCE WE HAVE TO
SERVE 3 TOILTES AND 1 TAP
• LET’S SIZE THE PIPE SIZE
BETWEEN NODE • (A) TO (B) …next • FROM GRAPH 4 NODE LOADING (LU) Q(L/S) PIPE DIA.(MM)
(A-B) 22 0.5 40
(C-D) 15 0.38 40
(E-F) 8 0.28 32
(G-H-I) 7 0.25 32
FINISH, PIPE SIZING
……next
• Check pressure availability of gravity system
node A to node K (worst case)
Vertical gravity static head 3.0 m head
Vertical nett difference 3.5-1.0 m head
STATIC HEAD AVAILABLE 2.5 M HEAD
….CONTINUE • Pressure head loss calculation via equivalent length method. Worst hydraulic case is from Node A to B to K NODE PIPE SIZE FITTING TYPE EQUIVALENT EQUIVALENT QUANTITY OF TOTAL IN FEET IN METER FITTING QUANTITY LENGTH IN METER A-B 40MM ELBOW 4.5 1.37 3 4.11 40MM VALVE 0.95 0.29 1 0.29
• WE ESTABLISH THE;- Node A to K Fitting equivalent lenght 14.62 meter run Actual pipe lenght 20 meter run (5+5+3.5+2.5+2.5+1.5) Total equivalent lenght 34.62 meter run • Earlier we assume pipe friction loss=0.03m/meter run • Therefore loss due to pipe and fitting: • =34.62 meter run x 0.03 m/meter run • =1.04 m head ….CONTINUE
• FINALLY CHECK: • AVAILABALE PRESSURE AT ‘OUTLET’ AFTER CONSIDER ALL THE LOSSES
STATIC HEAD AVAILABLE 2.5 M HEAD
PIPE LOSSES 1.04 M HEAD
RESIDUAL PRESSURE 1.46 M HEAD……
DESIGN PIPE IS NOT ACCEPTABLE SINCE RESIDUAL PRESSURE AT FITTINGS < 7.0m. HAVE TO INCREASE PIPE SIZES OR USE PUMP IF NOT NECESSARY. 1.4 Cold Water Services Drawing
DCB6223- Building Services Design
PENTING KOORDINASI DENGAN ARKITEK
RUANG TANGKI SERVIS SHAFT UNTUK AIR YANG PIPE/DROPPER MENCUKUPI EXAMPLE 1: SCHEMATIC DRAWING
Q TAP=……L/S ( 0.05 L/s), V=0.8m/s
Q WC =…….L/S Dia pipe=…….mm(50mm) EXAMPLE 2: SCHEMATIC DRAWING EXAMPLE 3: Floor Plan
