International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.
2, February 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Applications of Dampers for RCC Building to Reduce
Seismic Risk
KISHOR BAJAD1 RAHUL WATILE.2
1
Student M.E (Structure), 2Assistant Professor,
Applied Mechanics Department, C.O.T.AKOLA,
Abstract: As known from very upsetting experiences, RCC buildings were heavily damage or collapsed during
earthquake. This might be due to the lack of knowledge regarding the proper behaviour of supporting system of the
building again dynamic effect. Past earthquake studies shows that the most of the RC buildings having such
irregularities were severely damaged under the seismic ground motion. Several techniques are available today to
minimize the seismic risk of the structure, dampers are one of them. The damper has become more popular to reduce
seismic risk. Because of their safe effective and economical design, in this study an attempt has been made to study
the effectiveness of damper for controlling seismic risk of the structure. The review includes different types of
dampers as a vibration controls device, like tuned mass dampers, x-plate dampers, frictional dampers etc.
velocity between each end of the devices, and/or the
1. INTRODUCTION excitation frequency.
Now-a-days in construction industries built- Velocity- dependent Damping device:
up for taller and lighter structure, Seismic safety of The force displacement relation for a velocity
these structures is important. This types of structure dependent damping device is primarily a function of
more damages due to earthquake, resulting in the relative velocity between each end of the device,
increase loss of human life due to collapse of
building. To reduce this seismic risk various types of and could also be a function of the relative
structural control technology have been develop to displacement between each end of the device.
solve the safety and functional problems for Basic classification of damping system -
structures under the excitation of external force. In Passive control system, Active control system and
last few years in war footing step to research and Semi active control system are giving special
development structural control system such as base importance on improvement of wind and seismic
isolation, shear wall, bracing, damping device. responses of RC buildings. Passive control systems
Damping device - A flexible structural element of do not require any power supply. Active control
the damping system that dissipates energy due to systems require external power supply and operate
relative motion of each end of the device. Damping based on sensors which are attached within the
devices include all pins, bolts, gusset plates, brace structures. Semi active control systems are
extensions, and other components required to connect combination of both passive and active control
damping devices to the other elements of the systems which require external power supply and
structure. Damping devices may be classified as they operate based on sensors attached to within the
either displacement dependent or velocity dependent, structures. But when there is no power supply,
or a combination thereof, and may be configured to passive control systems control the vibration of
act in either a linear or nonlinear manner. structures. The tuned mass dampers, frictional
Damping system-The collection of structural damper X- plate damper are commonly used as
elements that includes all the individual damping vibration control device.
devices, all structural elements or bracing required to Tuned mass damper- With the aim of developing
transfer forces from damping devices to the base of such a simple control device, some studies have been
the structure, and the structural elements required to undertaken in last couple of years. In these studies a
transfer forces from damping devices to the seismic simple type of Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) has been
force resisting system. proposed. A tuned mass damper (TMD) is a passive
Displacement dependant damping device-The energy dissipation device, consists of a mass, spring,
force response of a displacement dependent damping and a damper, connected to the structure in order to
device is primarily a function of the relative reduce the dynamic vibrations induced by wind or
displacement, between each end of the device. The earthquake loads. The soft storey will be made up of
response is substantially independent of the relative concrete and its columns, beams, and slab sizes will
be smaller than columns, beams, and slab sizes other
stories of the building1. The height, member sizes of
1
International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.2, February 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
soft storey will be devised based on the principle of seismic loading. Experimental and numerical results
TMD i.e. the natural frequency of TMD (soft storey) show that the friction damper can improve the
should have same natural frequency as that of main dynamic response of innovative structures as well as
building. the existing building compared to the conventional
design. The effectiveness of bidirectional frictional
forces for the analysis of piping system when
subjected to earthquake ground motion with friction
supports was given by Jangid and Patil. The slotted
bolt connection type friction damper was investigated
on the seismic retrofitting of the structure by Robert
Levy et al.. The conceptual design of three storey
steel frame building of seismic retrofitting of existing
building using friction damper was investigated by
Lee et al. and Tabeshpour & Ebrahimian.
X-Plate damper-X-plate damper (XPD) is a metallic
damper that is capable of sustaining many cycles of
stable yielding deformation resulting in a high level
of energy dissipation. XPD is also a hysteretic device
because its energy dissipation depends primarily on
relative displacement within the device and not on its
relative velocities. XPD facilitates a constant strain
over the height of device, thus ensuring that yielding
occurs simultaneously and uniformly over full height Fig-friction damper
of damper. The idea behind adding this device to
structure is to enhance its energy dissipation capacity 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
against environmental loads, providing an alternative 1) S.N. Khante, and B.P.Nirwan, has studid that
to wind and conventional earthquake resistant design Mitigation of Response of Asymmetric Building
and retrofit. In order to use this device economically, using Passive Tuned Mass Damper. In present
optimization of locations in a structure is an scenario, most of the buildings are often constructed
important issue and has been studied by several with irregularities such as soft storey, torsional
researchers. irregularity, vertical and plan irregularity. Past
earthquake studies shows that the most of the RC
buildings having such irregularities were severely
damaged under the seismic ground motion. Torsional
effects may significantly modify the seismic response
of buildings and cause collapse of structures. These
effects occur due to different reasons, such as non
uniform distribution of the mass, stiffness and
strength and torsional components of the ground
movement. The concept of structural control is now
widely accepted and has been frequently
implemented in construction. Among the numerous
passive control methods available, tuned mass
damper (TMD) is one of the simplest and most
reliable systems for reducing dynamic response of
structure. The mechanism involved in mitigating the
vibration consists in the transfer of the vibration
energy to the TMD, which dissipates it by damping.
In order to increase the efficiency of a TMD, it is
Friction Dampers: Friction dampers work based on necessary to define its optimum parameters.
the mechanism of solid friction for dissipation of 2] Bharadwaj Nanda And K. C. Biswal has studid
vibration energy. Mualla an Borislav, have that (2o11) Application of Tuned Liquid Damper for
investigated the performance of a friction damper controlling structural vibration due to earthquakes
installed in a single storey steel frame subjected to
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International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.2, February 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
excitations Current trends in construction industry types of dampers like metallic dampers, viscoelastic
demands for taller and lighter structures, which are dampers, frictional dampers etc.
also more flexible and having quite low damping
value. This increases failure possibilities and also, CONCLUSIONS
problems from serviceability point of view. Several Recently, use of seismic control systems has
techniques are available today to minimize the more but selecting effective damper and applied it
vibration of the structure, out of which concept of into a building is essential for reducing seismic risk
using of Tuned Liquid Damper (TLD) is a newer one. 0f RC building. The controlling device reduces
The TLDs have been used to control the wind damage and also increasing the structural safety,
induced structural vibration. However, the seismic serviceability and prevents the building from collapse
effective of TLD remain an important issue for the during the earthquake. This paper attempts to provide
study. In this study, an attempt has been made to an overview of different types of dampers, and
study the effectiveness of Tuned Liquid Damper highlight some of the recent developments. The
(TLD) for controlling seismic vibration of the investigation carried out by various dampers and
structure. Finite element elements are used to model finely finds out seismic performance of RC building.
the structure and the liquid in the TLD
3) Thakur V.M., Pachpor P.D (2012), has studid that REFERENCES
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5) Vajreshwari Umachagi1, Katta Venkataramana, G.
R. Reddy, Rajeev Verma(2013) has studied that
applications of dampers for vibration control of
structures: an overview,Dampers have become more
popular recently for vibration control of structures,
because of their safe, effective and economical
design. This paper presents an overview of literature
related to the behavior of dampers on seismically
affected structures. The review includes different
