VETERINARY GYNAECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS

Course Structure

COURSE NO. COURSE TITLE CREDITS SEM

VOG 601 GENERAL GYNAECOLOGY 3+1 I
VOG 602 FEMALE INFERTILITY 3+1 II
VOG 603 VETERINARY OBSTETRICS 2+2 I
VOG 604 ANDROLOGY & MALE INFERTILITY 3+1 II

VOG 605 SEMEN PRESERVATION AND ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION 2+1 I

VOG 606 REPRODUCTIVE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2+1 II

VOG 607 CLINICAL PRACTICE I 0+3 I
VOG 608 CLINICAL PRACTICE II 0+3 II
VOG 691 MASTERS SEMINAR 1 I, II
VOG 699 MASTERS RESEARCH 20 I, II
VOG 701 ADVANCES IN GYNAECOLOGY 2+1 I
VOG 702 ADVANCES IN OBSTETRICS 2+1 II
VOG 703 ADVANCES IN ANDROLOGY 2+1 I
VOG 704 ADVANCES IN REPRODUCTIVE BIOTECHNOLOGY 1+1 II
VOG 705 ADVANCES IN SEMEN PRESERVATION 1+1 I
VOG 706 CLINICAL PRACTICE I 0+3 I
VOG 707 CLINICAL PRACTICE II 0+3 II
VOG 790 SPECIAL PROBLEM 0+2 I, II
VOG 791 DOCTORAL SEMINAR I 1 I, II
VOG 792 DOCTORAL SEMINAR II 1 I, II

VOG 799 DOCTORAL RESEARCH 45 I, II

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 VETERINARY GYNAECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS
Course Contents

VOG 601 GENERAL GYNAECOLOGY 3+1 SEM - I

Objective
To understand hormonal regulation of female reproduction and therapeutic management
of infertility.
Theory
UNIT-I: Puberty and sexual maturity, role of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in
attainment of puberty and sexual maturity, onset of postpartum ovarian activity, Endocrine
regulation of estrous cycle.
UNIT-II: Folliculogenesis, oogenesis and ovulation and associated endocrine pattern,
manipulation of follicular waves, synchronization of estrus and ovulation and induction of
ovarian activity.
UNIT-III: Gamete transport, fertilization, implantation and maternal recognition of
pregnancy.
UNIT-IV: Embryonic and fetal development, placentation, fetal circulation and gestation,
position of fetus in the uterus, age characteristics of fetus.
UNIT-V: Pregnancy diagnosis: clinical, ultrasonographic, endocrinological and other
diagnostic laboratory tests. Pseudo-pregnancy and its treatment.
UNIT-VI: Factors affecting reproduction seasonality, nutrition, stress, environment,
management, suckling and diseases.
UNIT-VII Lactation and artificial induction of lactation.
Practical
Clinical examination of female genitalia. Biometry of female genital organs. Rectal and
vaginal examination to diagnose cyclic phases of estrous cycle. Fern pattern of cervical
mucus and exfoliated vaginal cytology. Pregnancy diagnosis in large and small animals by
various methods. Estimation of age of the fetus. Use of ultrasound / RIA / ELISA in
gynaecology. Synchronization of estrus and ovulation in farm animals.
Suggested Readings
Cupps PT. 1991. Reproduction in Domestic Animals. Academic Press.
Hafez ESE. 2000. Reproduction in Farm Animals. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Noakes DE, Parkinson DJ & England GCW. 2001. Arthurs Veterinary Reproduction and
Obstetrics. Saunders Harcourt India.
Pubedam MH & Pubedam MH. 2003. McDonald's Veterinary Endocrinology and
Reproduction. Iowa State Press.
Roberts SJ. 1976. Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases. Scientific Book Agency.

VOG 602 FEMALE INFERTILITY 3+1 SEM - II

Objective
To impart knowledge and training in diagnosis and treatment of infertility in female
domestic animals.
Theory
UNIT-I: Introduction to infertility, classification, economic impact. Anatomical causes of
infertility, congenital and hereditary causes and acquired defects.
UNIT-II: Nutritional causes of infertility. Importance of body condition score.
UNIT-III: Managemental and environmental causes of infertility. Out of season breeding.
UNIT-IV: Infectious causes of female infertility, specific and non-specific infections.
UNIT-V: Ovarian dysfunction: anoestrus, cystic ovarian degeneration, anovulation,
delayed ovulation and luteal insufficiency.
UNIT-VI: Repeat breeding: its causes, diagnosis and treatment.
UNIT-VII: Early embryonic death (EED): causes, diagnosis and therapeutic management.
UNIT-VIII: Abortion: infectious and non-infectious causes, diagnosis and prevention of
abortion.
UNIT-IX: Interactions in Immunological mechanisms and infertility.
Practical
Record keeping, herd fertility assessment and management, diagnosis and treatment of
infertility in female animals, use of uterine swabs for bacterial and fungal culture, histo-
pathological evaluation of uterine biopsy, exfoliated vaginal cytology and hormone assay.

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 Use of ultrasonography in diagnosis of infertility. Immuno diagnostic techniques.
Suggested Readings
Laing JA. 1979. Fertility and Infertility in Domestic Animals. English Language Book
Soc. & Bailliere Tindall.
Morrow DA. 1986. Current Therapy in Theriogenology. WB Saunders.
Noakes DE, Parkinson DJ & England GCW. 2001. Arthurs Veterinary Reproduction and
Obstetrics. Saunders Harcourt India.
Roberts SJ. 1976. Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases. Scientific Book Agency.

VOG 603 VETERINARY OBSTETRICS 2+2 SEM - I

Objective
To impart knowledge and training on problems of pregnancy and parturition and their
management in domestic animals.
Theory
UNIT-I: Parturition: stages of parturition, mechanism of initiation of parturition, hormonal
profiles associated with parturition.
UNIT-II: Principles of handling of dystocia, obstetrical procedures: mutations, fetotomy,
caesarean section. Obstetrical anesthesia and analgesia, epidural anesthesia.
UNIT-III: Fetal and maternal dystocia: causes, diagnosis and management.
UNIT-IV: Uterine torsion: causes, diagnosis and its correction.
UNIT-V: Diseases and accidents during gestation and around parturition.
UNIT-VI: Etiology, diagnosis and treatment of ante-partum and post-partum uterine and
vaginal prolapse.
UNIT-VII: Induction of parturition and elective termination of pregnancy.
UNIT-VIII: Involution of uterus following normal and abnormal parturition.
UNIT-IX: Care of dam and the newborn.
Practical
Pelvimetory of different species of farm animals. Diagnosis and correction of abnormal
fetal presentation, position and posture in phantom box. Epidural anethesia,
ovariohysterectomy and caesarean operation. Fetotomy exercises. Detorsion of uterus.
Management of prolapse. Handling of clinical cases of dystocia.
Suggested Readings
Arthur GH, Pearson H & Noakes DE. 2000. Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics.
English Languge Book Society & Bailliere Tindall.
Roberts SJ. 1976. Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases. Scientific Book Agency.
Sloss V & Dufty JH. 1980. Handbook of Bovine Obstetrics. Williams & Wilkins.

VOG 604 ANDROLOGY AND MALE INFERTILITY 3+1 SEM - II

Objective
To impart knowledge and training about male reproduction and treatment of male
infertility in domestic animals.
Theory
UNIT-I: Structure and function of reproductive tract of male.
UNIT-II: Sexual behavior and examination of bulls for breeding soundness.
UNIT-III: Spermatogenesis, (formation, migration, maturation and ejaculation of semen),
fine structure of spermatozoa, semen and its composition.
UNIT-IV: Diseases transmitted through semen.
UNIT-V: Factors affecting semen quality, semen culture, tests for assessment of sperm
motility, sperm survival and fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa.
UNIT-VI: Causes of infertility: hereditary, congenital, infectious, nutritional and
hormonal. Pathological and functional disturbances of epididymis, vas deferens and
accessory sex glands.
UNIT-VII: Impotentia cocundi and impotentia generandi. Testicular hypoplasia and
degeneration: causes and affect on semen and fertility.
UNIT-VIII: Coital injuries and vices of male animals.
Practical
General and rectal examination for biometrics of male genitalia and accessory sex glands.
Breeding soundness evaluation of male animals. Semen evaluation for sperm
abnormalities, fertility and determination of other biochemical constituents of seminal
plasma. Computer assisted semen analysis (CASA), Microbiological load of semen.

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 Examination, diagnosis and treatment of infertile male animals.
Suggested Readings
Hafez ESE. 2000. Reproduction in Farm Animals. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Mann T & Lutwak-Mann C. 1981. Male Reproductive Function and Semen. Springer-
Verlag.
Morrow DA. 1986. Current Therapy in Theriogenology. WB Saunders.
Roberts SJ. 1976. Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases. Scientific Book Agency.
Salisbury GW, VanDemark NL & Lodge JR. 1978. Physiology of Reproduction and
Artificial Insemination of Cattle. WH Freeman & Co.

VOG 605 SEMEN PRESERVATION AND 2+1 SEM - I

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
Objective
To impart knowledge and training about collection, evaluation and preservation of semen
and artificial insemination (AI) in domestic animals.
Theory
UNIT-I: History of artificial insemination.
UNIT-II: Methods of semen collection.
UNIT-III: Semen evaluation: macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical and microbiological
tests, Computer assisted semen analysis (CASA).
UNIT-IV: Semen preservation. Extenders for preservation of semen at different
temperatures. Semen additives for enhancement of motility and fertilizing capacity of
spermatozoa.
UNIT-V: Cryopreservation of semen. Effects of cryopreservation on spermatozoa, semen
quality and fertility.
UNIT-VI: Thawing protocols of frozen semen. Factors affecting post-thaw semen quality.
UNIT-VII: Ideal protocol for AI in different species of animals. Factors affecting success
of AI.
Practical
Computer assisted semen analysis (CASA), Collection and evaluation of semen.
Preparation of extenders. Preservation of semen: room temperature, refrigeration and
cryopreservation. Handling and evaluation of processed semen. Practice of AI techniques.
Suggested Readings
Hafez ESE. 2000. Reproduction in Farm Animals. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Perry J. 1970. Artificial Insemination of Farm Animals. Oxford & IBH.
Salisbury GW, VanDemark NL & Lodge JR. 1978. Physiology of Reproduction and
Artificial Insemination of Cattle. WH Freeman.

VOG 606 REPRODUCTIVE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2+1 SEM - II

Objective
To impart knowledge and training on biotechniques in animal reproduction.
Theory
UNIT-I: Embryo transfer technology: selection of donors and recipients.
UNIT-II: Synchronization, super-ovulation, surgical and non-surgical collection of
embryos and evaluation of embryos.
UNIT-III: Cryopreservation of embryos, transfer of embryos to donors.
UNIT-IV: In vitro fertilization, in vitro maturation, micromanipulation of embryos.
UNIT-V: Sexing of sperm and embryos.
UNIT-VI: Transgenic animals. Chimeras.
UNIT-VII: Stem cell biotechnology
UNIT-VIII: Immuno-neutralization of hormones. Immunomodulation of fertility.
Practical
Synchronization of estrus in donors and recipients, superovulation, surgical and non-
surgical collection and transfer of embryos. Collection of oocytes from slaughter house
genitalia. In vitro fertilization, in vitro maturation and cryopreservation of embryos.
Sexing of embryos.
Suggested Readings
Gordon I. 2004. Reproductive Technologies in Farm Animals. CABI.
Hafez ESE. 2000. Reproduction in Farm Animals. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

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VOG 607 CLINICAL PRACTICE I 0+3 SEM - I
Objective
Hands-on training on diagnosis and treatment of reproductive disorders in animals in
TVCC.
Practical
Clinical examination of animals affected with reproductive disorders, use of diagnostic
techniques for diagnosis and institution of required therapy. Maintenance of case
records. Presentation on selected /assigned cases.
Suggested Readings
Morrow DA. 1986. Current Therapy in Theriogenology. WB Saunders.

VOG 608 CLINICAL PRACTICE II 0+3 SEM - II

Objective
Hands-on training on diagnosis and treatment of reproductive disorders in animals in
TVCC.
Practical
Clinical examination of animals affected with reproductive disorders, use of diagnostic
techniques for diagnosis and institution of required therapy. Maintenance of case
records. Presentation on selected /assigned cases.
Suggested Readings
Morrow DA. 1986. Current Therapy in Theriogenology. WB Saunders.

VOG 701 ADVANCES IN GYNAECOLOGY 2+1 SEM - I

Objective
To learn about advances in endocrine, ovarian and uterine functions and effect of
nutrition, season and immunological factors on female fertility.
Theory
UNIT-I: Neuro-endocrine control of reproduction, follicular development, ovulation
fertilization and implantation. Embryonic and fetal development.
UNIT-II: Maternal recognition of pregnancy, Advances in early diagnosis of pregnancy.
UNIT-III: Embryonic losses, abortion and their prevention.
UNIT-IV: Seasonal breeders, synchronization and induction of estrus and ovulation in
seasonal breeders, Assisted reproductive technology (ART) to increase reproductive
efficiency in farm animals..
UNIT-V: Effect of stress, nutrition and immunological factors on fertility.
UNIT-VI: Onset of postpartum ovarian activity and factors affecting it.
UNIT-VII: Diagnostic & therapeutic approaches in infertility: Principles of hormone
therapy in reproductive disorders, Laproscopy, ultrasonographic diagnosis of
ovarian/uterine dysfunction, RIA/ELISA techniques for hormones assay in reproductive
disorders, vaginal and uterine cytology
Practical
Clinical examination of female animals. Use of ultrasonography in ovarian function
(follicular image pattern, follicular dynamics) and in early pregnancy diagnosis and
infertility. Utility of uterine culture, uterine cytology and uterine biopsy (histopathological
examination) in infertility investigation. Laparoscopy in diagnosis of ovarian and uterine
dysfunction. ELISA/RIA of hormones and interpretation of results. Use of Assisted
reproductive technology (ART) to enhance reproductive efficiency in farm animals.
Suggested Readings
Selected articles from journals.

VOG 702 ADVANCES IN OBSTETRICS 2+1 SEM - II

Objective
To learn current developments in diagnosis and management of dystocia, accidents of
gestation and peri-parturient disorders in domestic animals.
Theory
UNIT-I: Conceptus and its development. Factors influencing gestation period and birth
weight.
UNIT-II: Anomalies of conceptus, teratogens and effect of stress on conceptus
development.
UNIT-III: Mechanism of initiation of parturition. Use of tocolytic drugs in management of

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 uterine inertia.
UNIT-IV: Induction of parturition and termination of abnormal pregnancies. Obstetrical
analgesia and anaesthesia.
UNIT-V: Pre-treatment evaluation of the dam suffering from dystocia. Management of
maternal and fetal dystocia, hydrallantois, hydramnion, fetal mummification, fetal
maceration, uterine inertia and uterine torsion.
UNIT-VI: Fetotomy, caesarean section and ovairo-hysterectomy.
UNIT-VII: Neo-natal physiology and post-natal adaptations.
UNIT-VIII: Involution of uterus, post-partum ovarian dysfunction and their manipulation.
Practical
Obstetrical operations in fetal dystocia: Mutations, fetotomy, caesarean section, ovario-
hysterectomy; induction of parturition, use of tocolytic drugs in dystocia, obstetrical
analgesia and anaesthesia.
Suggested Readings
Selected articles from journals.

VOG 703 ADVANCES IN ANDROLOGY 2+1 SEM - I

Objective
To learn advances in male reproduction and treatment of male infertility in domestic
animals
Theory
UNIT-I: Spermatogenesis, spermatogenic waves, sperm passage in male genitalia,
biochemical milieu of male genetalia. Correlation between motility and fertilizing capacity
of spermatozoa.
UNIT-II: Separation of motile and immotile spermatozoa. Sexing and separation of
male and female determining spermatozoa.
UNIT-III: Sperm plasma membrane and its permeability and binding properties: acrosome
and lysosomal enzymes, sperm nucleus and nuclear proteins. Mitochondria and their role
in sperm metabolism. Flagellum and the mechanochemical basis of motility and cyclic
nucleotides.
UNIT-IV: Biochemistry of seminal plasma and accessory sex gland secretions.
Electrolytes, proteins, enzymes and amino acids in seminal plasma. Fructose and other
sugars, lipids, cholesterol, steroid hormones and prostaglandins in seminal plasma.
UNIT-V: Fructolysis index. Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of spermatozoa.
UNIT-VI: Biochemical markers of fertility in males, sperm chromatin structure assay,
Anti-sperm antibodies.
Practical
Breeding soundness evaluation of bulls, biochemical tests of semen for evaluation of
fertility, semen culture for diagnosis of venereal diseases, diagnosis and treatment of
genital pathological condition. Computer assisted semen analysis (CASA), Semen
evaluation for assessment of fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa: cervical mucus
penetration test, sperm capacitation test, hypo osmotic swelling test and zona free hamster
egg penetration test. Anti-sperm antibody assay.
Suggested Readings
Selected articles from journals.

VOG 704 ADVANCES IN REPRODUCTIVE 1+1 SEM - II

BIOTECHNOLOGY
Objective
To learn advances in recent developments in biotechnology in reproduction for the
production of desired elite animals.
Theory
UNIT-I: Embryo transfer technology and its application in farm animals.
UNIT-II: Selection and management of donor and recipient animals. Superovulation,
surgical and non-surgical collection, evaluation of embryos and transfer of embryos.
UNIT-III: In vitro fertilization and maturation of oocytes.
UNIT-IV: Micromanipulation, sexing and cryopreservation of embryos.
UNIT-V: Sexing of sperm and embryos.
UNIT-VI: Transgenic animals. Chimeras.
UNIT-VII: Stem cell biotechnology

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 UNIT-VIII: Immuno-neutralization of hormones. Immunomodulation of fertility.
Practical
Evaluation of superovulatory hormonal regimens in donors and synchronization of estrus
in recipients. Surgical and non-surgical collection and transfer of embryos. Collection of
oocytes from slaughter house genitalia. In vitro fertilization, in vitro maturation and
cryopreservation of embryos. Sexing of embryos.
Suggested Readings
Selected articles from journals.

VOG 705 ADVANCES IN SEMEN PRESERVATION 1+1 SEM - I

Objective
To learn advances in processing and cryopreservation of semen and insemination
techniques to obtain high fertility.
Theory
UNIT-I: Transmission of venereal diseases through semen and their prevention.
UNIT-II: Factors affecting motility and fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa. Semen
collection, extension and cryopreservation of semen, damages to spermatozoa caused by
cryopreservation.
UNIT-III: Use of semen additives for promotion of sperm motility and fertilizing capacity.
UNIT-IV: Thawing protocols for frozen semen. Post-thaw evaluation of motility and
fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa.
Practical
Collection of preputial washings and semen for bacterial load and venereal pathogens.
Preparation of semen extenders with different additives. Use of different freezing
protocols for preservation of semen. Evaluation of fertility with frozen semen. Enzymatic
changes in semen following cryopreservation.
Suggested Readings
Selected articles from journals.

VOG 706 CLINICAL PRACTICE I 0+3 SEM - I

Objective
Hands-on training on diagnosis and treatment of reproductive disorders in animals.
Practical
Clinical examination of animals affected with reproductive disorders, use of diagnostic
techniques for diagnosis and institution of required therapy, maintenance of case
records, presentation on selected/ assigned cases.
Suggested Readings
Selected articles from journals.

VOG 707 CLINICAL PRACTICE II 0+3 SEM - II

Objective
Hands-on training on diagnosis and treatment of reproductive disorders in animals.
Practical
Clinical examination of animals affected with reproductive disorders, use of diagnostic
techniques for diagnosis and institution of required therapy.
Suggested Readings
Selected articles from journals.

VOG 790 SPECIAL PROBLEM 0+2 SEM - I, II

Objective
To expose students to research techniques related to sub discipline of the subject and
submission of written project with references.
Practical
Student will carry out research on allotted project and submit the project along with
research papers for publication in scientific journals.

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 VETERINARY GYNAECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS
List of Journals
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Animal Reproduction
Animal Reproduction Science
Animal Science Journal
Bibliography of Reproduction
Biology of Reproduction
Equine practice
Equine Veterinary Journal
Fertility and Sterility
Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction
Indian Journal of Animal Sciences
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
Indian Veterinary Journal
Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association
Journal of Animal Science
Journal of Dairy Science
Journal of Endocrinology
Journal of Reproduction and Development
Journal of Reproduction and fertility
Reproduction in Domestic Animals
Research in Veterinary Science
Theriogenology
Veterinary Record
e-R esources
www.anirgyep.elsevier.com (Animal Reproduction Science)
www.blackwellpublilshing.com (International Journal of Andrology)
www.bioreprod.org (Biology of reproduction)
www.domesticanimalendo.com (Domestic Animal Andocrinology)
www.reproduction-onlline.org (Journal of Andrology)
www.reproduction-online.org (Reproduction)
www.interscience.wiley.com (Reproduction in domestic animals)
www.theriojournal.com (Theriogenology)
www.buffaloresearch.com (Buffalo Journal)
www.eje-online.org (European journal of Endocrinology)
www.sciencedirect.com (The Veterinary Journal)
www.blackwellpublishing.com (Asian journal of Andrology)
www.editorijar@yahoo.co.in (Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction)

Suggested Broad Topics for M asters and D octoral R esearch

Anoestrus: Endocrinological investigations
Reproductive biotechnology
Investigations into andrological problems
Management of obstetrical problems

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