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PhilippineSupremeCourtJurisprudence>Year1907>March1907Decisions>G.R. No. L3188 March12,1907
UNITEDSTATESv.ALECKIENE
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FIRSTDIVISION
[G.R.No.L3188.March12,1907.]
THEUNITEDSTATES,PlaintiffAppellee,v.ALECKIENE,DefendantAppellant.
Hartigan,Marple,Rohde&Gutierrez,forAppellant.
AttorneyGeneralAraneta,forAppellee.
SYLLABUS
1.AGENCYOBLIGATION.Wherenotingtothecontraryappears,theprovisionsofarticle1720of
theCivilCodeimposeuponanagenttheobligationtodelivertohisprincipalallfundscollectedonhis
account.
DECISION
CARSON,J.:
DebtKollectCompany,Inc.
Thedefendantwasaninsuranceagent.Assuchagenttherewaspaidovertohimfortheaccountof
his employers, the China Mutual Life Insurance Company, the sum of 1,539.20 pesos, Philippine
currency, which he failed and refused to turn over to them. For his failure and refusal so to do, he
wasconvictedofthecrimeofestafaintheCourtofFirstInstanceofthecityManilainsentencedto
beimprisonedforoneyearandsixmonthsinBilibid,andtopaythecostsofthetrial.
The facts as stated above were fully established at the trial of the case the accused offered no
evidence on his own behalf and rest his appeal substantially upon the alleged failure of the
prosecutiontoestablishtheexistenceofadutyorobligationimposedonthedefendanttoturnover
hisprincipalthefundswhichheischargedwithappropriatingtohisownuse.
Counsel for the defendant contends that the trial court erroneously admitted in evidence a certain
documentpurportingtobeacontractofagencysignedbythedefendant.Thenameoftheaccusedis
attached to this document, and one of the witnesses, the district agent of the China Mutual Life
Insurance Company, stated that it was the contract of agency it purported to be, but failed to state
specifically that the signature attached thereto was the signature of the defendant, though he
declaredthatheknewhissignatureandhadseenhimwriteitonvariousoccasions.
An examination of the record seems to indicate that the failure of the witness to expressly identify
the signature of the defendant attached to the document was due to an oversight, but however this
ChanRoblesIntellectualProperty maybe,itiscontentedthattheexecutionofthedocumentwasnotformallyestablished,andthetrial
Division courterredintakingintoconsiderationoneofitsprovisionswherebythedefendantappearstohave
expresslyobligatedhimselftodelivertotheChinaMutualLifeInsuranceCompanythefundscollected
onitsaccount,withoutdeductionforanypurposewhatever.
Wedonotdeemitnecessarytoreviewtheactionofthecourtinadmittingthisdocumentinevidence,
becauseweareofopinionthattheobligationofthedefendanttodeliverthefundsinquestiontohis
employersisdeterminedbytheprovisionofarticle1720oftheCivilCode,whichisasfollows: jg c : c h a n r o b le s .c o m.p h
"Every agent is bound to give an account of his transactions and to pay to the principal all that he
mayhavereceivedbyvirtueoftheagency,eventhoughwhathasbeenreceivedisnotowedtothe
principal."
c r a la wv ir t u a 1 a wlib r a r y
Nothingtothecontraryappearingintherecord,andtheexistenceoftheagencyandthecollectionof
thefundsonaccountoftheprincipalhavingbeenestablished,theobligationtodeliverthesefundsto
theprincipalmustbeheldtohavebeenimposedupontheagentbyvirtueofthecontractofagency.
Counsel for the appellant further contented that the court erred in admitting in evidence a certain
letterwrittenbythedefendantwhereinheadmittedthecollectionofcertainfundsonaccountofhis
principal, but we think that the execution of this letter was conclusively established, and that it was
properlyadmitted,beingpertinentandmaterialtotheissueinthecase.
Therewereotherobjectionstotheadmissionofcertaintestimonyatthetrialofthecase,butwefind
no error in the proceedings prejudicial to the real rights of the accused, and it is unnecessary to
discusstheassignmentsoferrorbasedontheseobjections.
Thecrimeofwhichtheaccusedwasconvictedisdefinedandpenalizedinparagraph5ofarticle535,
readtogetherwithparagraph3ofarticle534,ofthePenalCode,andthepenaltyprescribedisthatof
presidio correccional in its minimum and medium degrees. There being no aggravating or
extenuating circumstance to be taken into consideration, this penalty should be imposed in its
mediumdegree,which,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofarticle82ofthesaidcode,isfromone
year eight months and twentyone days to two years eleven months and ten days of presidio
correccional. The trial court imposed the penalty of one year and six months of imprisonment in
Bilibid, and failed to impose the accessory penalties prescribed by law, and this sentence should
therefore be reversed, and is hereby reversed, and instead thereof we impose the penalty of one
year eight months and twentyone days imprisonment (presidio correccional), together with the
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accessory penalties prescribed by law, and the payment to the agents of the China Mutual Life
Insurance Company, Limited, of the sum of 1,550.30 pesos, Philippine currency, with subsidiary
imprisonmentincaseofinsolvency,andthecostsinbothinstances.Aftertheexpirationoftendays
letjudgmentbeenteredinaccordanceherewith,andtendaysthereafterletthecaseberemandedto
thelowercourtforproperaction.Soordered.
Arellano,C.J.,Torres,Mapa,Willard,andTracey,JJ.,concur.
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