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Definition of Bond Length: Acidic Strength Pattern in Non Metals

The bond length is defined as the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms, measured in Angstroms or picometers. In ionic compounds, the bond length is the sum of the ionic radii, while in covalent compounds it is the sum of the covalent radii. Several factors affect bond length, including the size of the atoms, bond multiplicity, s-orbital character of hybridization, and bond polarity. Shorter bond lengths result from smaller atomic size, higher bond order, greater s-character of hybridization, and higher bond polarity.

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Ashish Yadav
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50 views2 pages

Definition of Bond Length: Acidic Strength Pattern in Non Metals

The bond length is defined as the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms, measured in Angstroms or picometers. In ionic compounds, the bond length is the sum of the ionic radii, while in covalent compounds it is the sum of the covalent radii. Several factors affect bond length, including the size of the atoms, bond multiplicity, s-orbital character of hybridization, and bond polarity. Shorter bond lengths result from smaller atomic size, higher bond order, greater s-character of hybridization, and higher bond polarity.

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Ashish Yadav
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Dear Aakriti,

Definition of Bond Length

The average distance between the centre of the nuclei of the two bonded atoms is called bond length.

It is expressed in terms of Angstrom (1 = 1010 m) or picometer (1 pm = 1012 m).

In an ionic compound, the bond length is the sum of their ionic radii (d = r+ + r) and in a covalent compound,
it is the sum of their covalent radii (e.g., for HCl, d = rH + rCl).

Factors affecting bond length

(i) The bond length increases with increase in the size of the atoms. For example, bond length of H X are in
the order, HI > HBr > HCl > HF.

(ii) The bond length decreases with the multiplicity of the bond. Thus, bond length of carboncarbon bonds are
in the order, C C < C = C < C C.

(iii) As an s-orbital is smaller in size, greater the s-character shorter is the hybrid orbital and hence shorter is
the bond length.

For example, sp3 C H > sp2 C H > sp C H

(iv) Polar bond length is usually smaller than the theoretical non-polar bond length.

More is the s- character in hybridisation of carbon, more is its electronegativity and hence carbon will hold its
electron pair more tightly and bond length decreases... as shorter bond is much hard to break than a longer
bond and hence bond is more stronger

Acidic strength pattern in non metals:-


HI > HBr > HCl > HF.

In group 16 (VIA)

H2Te > H2Se > H2S > H2O

For Group 15(VA)

SbH3 > AsH3 > PH3 > NH3

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