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Gestalt Principles

Gestalt principles refer to theories of visual perception developed in the 1920s that describe how people tend to organize visual elements into unified groups. The key principles are similarity, proximity, figure/ground, closure, and continuity - relating to how proximity, similarity of elements, separation of figures from backgrounds, the eye's tendency to perceive completeness or closeness, and simplicity of interpretation affect visual grouping.

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Chinmay Karan
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189 views4 pages

Gestalt Principles

Gestalt principles refer to theories of visual perception developed in the 1920s that describe how people tend to organize visual elements into unified groups. The key principles are similarity, proximity, figure/ground, closure, and continuity - relating to how proximity, similarity of elements, separation of figures from backgrounds, the eye's tendency to perceive completeness or closeness, and simplicity of interpretation affect visual grouping.

Uploaded by

Chinmay Karan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gestalt Principles

Gestalt is a psychology term which means "unified


whole". It refers to theories of visual
perception developed by German psychologists in the
1920s. These theories attempt to describe how people
tend to organize visual elements into groups or unified
wholes when certain principles are applied. These
principles are:

Similarity relates to what things look like and how


that effects how we group them.
Proximity relates to their relative position and how
we group them.
Figure/ground refers to the relationship between
positive elements and negative space. The idea is
that the eye will separate whole figures from their
background in order to understand whats being
seen.
Closure relates to the tendency of the eye to close
an opening, or to complete the broken line.
Continuity is a filling in of details in order to arrive
at the simplest interpretation.
Figure/Ground The phenomenon captures the idea that in
perceiving a visual field, some objects take a prominent role
(the figures) while others recede into the background (the
ground). The visual field is thus divided into these two basic
parts.

The logo of visitnorway.com The logo of the Macintosh

Similarity Objects that look alike, with similar


components or attributes, are more likely to be
organised together.
Continuance Objects will be grouped as a whole if
they are co-linear, or follow a direction

Proximity Elements that are placed close to each


other will often be perceived as one group.
Law of Closure - applied to real design. In perception
there is the tendency to complete unfinished objects.
We tend to ignore gaps and complete contour lines.

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