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Boss Dex

The document contains 4 examples of solving exact differential equations using an integrating factor method. Each example is an exact differential equation of the form Mdx + Ndy = 0. The steps shown are: 1) checking for exactness, 2) letting ∂F/∂x = M and integrating to find F, 3) differentiating F to find ∂F/∂y and equating to N, 4) integrating to find f(y) and the general solution F, and 5) equating F to a constant c to obtain the solution in terms of x and y.

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Maureen Garrido
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133 views10 pages

Boss Dex

The document contains 4 examples of solving exact differential equations using an integrating factor method. Each example is an exact differential equation of the form Mdx + Ndy = 0. The steps shown are: 1) checking for exactness, 2) letting ∂F/∂x = M and integrating to find F, 3) differentiating F to find ∂F/∂y and equating to N, 4) integrating to find f(y) and the general solution F, and 5) equating F to a constant c to obtain the solution in terms of x and y.

Uploaded by

Maureen Garrido
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

) (x+y)dx+(xy)dy=0

M=x+yM=x+y ; My=1My=1

N=xyN=xy ; Nx=1Nx=1

My=NxMy=Nx ; thus, exact!

Step 1: Let

Fx=MFx=M

Fx=x+yFx=x+y

Step 2: Integrate partially with respect to x, holding y as constant

F=(x+y)xF=(x+y)x

F=(x+y)xF=(x+y)x

F=12x2+xy+f(y)F=12x2+xy+f(y) Equation (1)

Step 3: Differentiate Equation (1) partially with respect to y, holding x as constant

Fy=x+f(y)Fy=x+f(y)

Step 4: Equate the result of Step 3 to N and collect similar terms. Let

Fy=NFy=N

x+f(y)=xyx+f(y)=xy

f(y)=yf(y)=y

Step 5: Integrate partially the result in Step 4 with respect to y, holding x as constant

f(y)=ydyf(y)=ydy

f(y)=12y2f(y)=12y2
Step 6: Substitute f(y) to Equation (1)

F=12x2+xy12y2F=12x2+xy12y2

Equate F to c

F=12cF=12c

12x2+xy12y2=12c12x2+xy12y2=12c

x2+2xyy2=cx2+2xyy2=c answer

2.) (6x+y2)dx+y(2x3y)dy=0

M=6x+y2M=6x+y2N=y(2x3y)=2xy3y2N=y(2x3y)=2xy3y2

Test for exactness

My=2yMy=2y

Nx=2yNx=2y

Exact!

Let

Fx=MFx=M

Fx=6x+y2Fx=6x+y2

F=(6x+y2)xF=(6x+y2)x

Integrate partially in x, holding y as constant

F=(6x+y2)xF=(6x+y2)x

F=3x2+xy2+f(y)F=3x2+xy2+f(y) Equation (1)

Differentiate partially in y, holding x as constant

Fy=2xy+f(y)Fy=2xy+f(y)
Let

Fy=NFy=N

2xy+f(y)=2xy3y22xy+f(y)=2xy3y2

f(y)=3y2f(y)=3y2

Integrate partially in y, holding x as constant

f(y)=3y2yf(y)=3y2y

f(y)=y3f(y)=y3

Substitute f(y) to Equation (1)

F=3x2+xy2y3F=3x2+xy2y3

Equate F to c

F=cF=c

3x2+xy2y3=c3x2+xy2y3=c answer

3.) (2xy3x2)dx+(x2+y)dy=0

M=2xy3x2M=2xy3x2

N=x2+yN=x2+y

Test for exactness

My=2xMy=2x

Nx=2xNx=2x

Exact!

Let

Fx=MFx=M

Fx=2xy3x2Fx=2xy3x2

F=(2xy3x2)xF=(2xy3x2)
Integrate partially in x, holding y as constant

F=(2xy3x2)xF=(2xy3x2)x

F=x2yx3+f(y)F=x2yx3+f(y) Equation (1)

Differentiate partially in y, holding x as constant

Fy=x2+f(y)Fy=x2+f(y)

Let

Fy=NFy=N

x2+f(y)=x2+yx2+f(y)=x2+y

f(y)=yf(y)=y

Integrate partially in y, holding x as constant

f(y)=yyf(y)=yy

f(y)=12y2f(y)=12y2

Substitute f(y) to Equation (1)

F=x2yx3+12y2F=x2yx3+12y2

Equate F to c

F=cF=c

x2yx3+12y2=cx2yx3+12y2=c answer

4.) (y22xy+6x)dx(x22xy+2)dy=0

M=y22xy+6xM=y22xy+6x

N=x2+2xy2N=x2+2xy2
Test for exactness

My=2y2xMy=2y2x

Nx=2x+2yNx=2x+2y

Exact!

Let

Fx=MFx=M

Fx=y22xy+6xFx=y22xy+6x

F=(y22xy+6x)xF=(y22xy+6x)x

Integrate partially in x, holding y as constant

F=(y22xy+6x)xF=(y22xy+6x)x

F=xy2x2y+3x2+f(y)F=xy2x2y+3x2+f(y) Equation (1)

Differentiate partially in y, holding x as constant

Fy=2xyx2+f(y)Fy=2xyx2+f(y)

Let

Fy=NFy=N

2xyx2+f(y)=x2+2xy22xyx2+f(y)=x2+2xy2

f(y)=2f(y)=2

Integrate partially in y, holding x as constant

f(y)=2yf(y)=2y

f(y)=2yf(y)=2y

Substitute f(y) to Equation (1)

F=xy2x2y+3x22yF=xy2x2y+3x22y

Equate F to c

F=cF=c

xy2x2y+3x22y=cxy2x2y+3x22y=c answer
Linear Equations

Solution 01

(x5+3y)dxxdy=0

(x5+3y)dxxdxxdyxdx=0

x5+3yxdydx=0

x4+3yxdydx=0

dydx3xy=x4dydx3xy=x4 linear in y

Hence,

P=3xP=3x

Q=x4Q=x4

Integrating factor:

ePdx=e(3x)dxePdx=e(3x)dx

ePdx=e3dxxePdx=e3dxx

ePdx=e3lnxePdx=e3ln

ePdx=elnx3ePdx=elnx3

ePdx=x3ePdx=x3

Thus,

yePdx=QePdxdx+CyePdx=QePdxdx+C

yx3=x4(x3)dx+c2yx3=x4(x3)dx+c2

yx3=xdx+c2yx3=xdx+c2

yx3=x22+c2yx3=x22+c2

Multiply by 2x3

2y=x5+cx32y=x5+cx3 answer
2(2xy+4y3)dx+(x+2)2dy=0

2[2y(x+2)3]dx+(x+2)2dy=0

2[2y(x+2)3]dx(x+2)2dx+(x+2)2dy(x+2)2dx=0

4y(x+2)6(x+2)2+dydx=0

4y(x+2)(x+2)26(x+2)2+dydx=0

(4x+2)y6(x+2)2+dydx=0

dydx+(4x+2)y=6(x+2)2 linear in y

Hence,

P=4x+2P=4x+2

Q=6(x+2)2

Integrating factor:

ePdx=e4x+2dx

ePdx=e4dxx+2

ePdx=e4ln(x+2)

ePdx=eln(x+2)4

ePdx=(x+2)4

Thus,

yePdx=QePdxdx+C

y(x+2)4=6(x+2)2(x+2)4dx+c

y(x+2)4=6(x+2)2dx+c

y(x+2)4=6(x+2)33+c

y(x+2)4=2(x+2)3+c

Mulitply by (x + 2)-4

y=2(x+2)1+c(x+2)4 answer
y=x2y

dydx+2y=x linear in y

Hence,

P=2

Q=x

Integrating factor:

ePdx=e2dx

ePdx=e2x

Thus,

yePdx=QePdxdx+C

ye2x=xe2xdx+c

Using integration by parts

u=x, du=dx

dv=e2xdx, v=12e2x

ye2x=12xe2x12e2xdx+c

ye2x=12xe2x14e2x+14c

Multiply by 4e-2x

4y=2x1+ce2x answer

(y+1)dx+(4xy)dy=0

(y+1)dx(y+1)dy+(4xy)dy(y+1)dy=0

dxdy+4xyy+1=0

dxdy+4xy+1yy+1=0

dxdy+(4y+1)x=yy+1
linear in x

Hence,

P=4y+1P=4y+1

Q=yy+1Q=yy+1

Integrating factor:

ePdy=e4y+1dy

ePdy=e4dyy+1

ePdy=e4ln(y+1)

ePdy=eln(y+1)4

ePdy=(y+1)4

Thus,

xePdy=QePdydy+C

x(y+1)4=(yy+1)(y+1)4dy+c

x(y+1)4=y(y+1)3dy+c

Using integration by parts

u=yu=y, du=dydu=dy

dv=(y+1)3dy, v=14(y+1)4

x(y+1)4=14y(y+1)414(y+1)4dy+c

x(y+1)4=14y(y+1)4120(y+1)5+120c

Multiply 20(y + 1)-4

20x=5y(y+1)+c(y+1)4

20x=4y1+c(y+1)4 answer

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