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BIO 121 Chapter 1 - : by Siti Sarah Azman Adapted From Nur Hazirah Azmi's

This document introduces biology and its main topics. It discusses that biology is the scientific study of life, and covers branches like botany, zoology, ecology, genetics, and emerging fields like genomics and synthetic biology. It also summarizes the history of cell studies from early microscopists in the 1600s discovering cells, to cell theory being established in the 1800s stating that all living things are made of cells, cells come from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic unit of structure and life. The document concludes by listing characteristics of living things like being made of cells, growth, metabolism, response to stimuli, reproduction, and adaptation.

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Nur Nadira
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96 views19 pages

BIO 121 Chapter 1 - : by Siti Sarah Azman Adapted From Nur Hazirah Azmi's

This document introduces biology and its main topics. It discusses that biology is the scientific study of life, and covers branches like botany, zoology, ecology, genetics, and emerging fields like genomics and synthetic biology. It also summarizes the history of cell studies from early microscopists in the 1600s discovering cells, to cell theory being established in the 1800s stating that all living things are made of cells, cells come from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic unit of structure and life. The document concludes by listing characteristics of living things like being made of cells, growth, metabolism, response to stimuli, reproduction, and adaptation.

Uploaded by

Nur Nadira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIO 121

CHAPTER 1 -
INTRODUCTION

by SITI SARAH AZMAN


adapted from Nur Hazirah Azmis
DOA PENERANG HATI
INTRODUCTION

What is BIOLOGY?
It comes from Latin word
bios - life + logos - study

BIOLOGY = SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF


LIFE
BRANCHES IN BIOLOGY
Botany : study of plants
Zoology : study of animals
Ecology : study of environment and habitat in
which living things live
Genetics : study of genes
Microbiology : study of microbes
Biotechnology : application of technology in
biology
Biochemistry : study of chemistry in living
things
Cell Biology : study of cells in living things
EMERGING BIOLOGY FIELDS
Genomics

Proteomics

Nanotechnology

Synthetic biology

Bioinformatics

System biology
WHAT IS LIFE?

Is diversified into many forms as living


things found on planet Earth.

Comprised of the same chemical


elements that make up the non-living
things, and they obey the same laws of
physic and chemistry as non-living
things do.

What are the properties of living


things?
SIMPLEST UNIT OF LIFE: CELLS
The history of cell study

Robert Hooke, an
early microscopist, in
1665, coined the
word cell after
looking at cork
through an early
compound
microscope.
ROBERT HOOKES MICROSCOPE
The history of cell study

In 1675 Anton van Leeuwenhoek, an


amateur Dutch scientist, discovered
microscopic animalcules in water.
Looking at tooth plaque, he first to
discover bacteria; 1000x smaller.
The history of cell study

Robert Brown, an English


botanist, in 1831, was the
first to call the dark, nut-
like body in the center of
most of the cells he
observed a "nucleus.
The history of cell study

Mattias Schleiden (1838)


concluded from his
observations that cells
must be the fundamental
unit of life.
The history of cell study

Theodor Schwan, a German zoologist, in


1839, after viewing animal and plant
cells surmised that:
all organisms consist of one or
more cells
cells are the basic unit of structure
for all organisms.
The history of cell study

Rudolf Virchow, a German


pathologist, in 1855,
added the observation
that all cells arise only
from preexisting cells.
which supported the
new theory of
biogenesis, being
advanced by Pasteur,
that life comes from
life.
CELL THEORIES

1. All organisms are composed of


one or more cells.

2. The cell is the structural unit of


life for all organisms.

3. Cells can arise only by division


from a preexisting cell.
History of cell study (summary)
CHARACTERISTICS
OF LIFE

Dows lake, Ottawa, CANADA


Organisms are composed of cells

Organisms grow and develop

Organisms regulate their metabolic


processes

Organisms respond to stimuli

Organisms reproduce

Adaptation to environmental change


WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW:

1. What is biology?

2. Branches in biology

3. Characteristics of life
THANK
YOU

British Museum, London, UK

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