7) It reduces the overall cost of the vehicle as hiked day by day.

To satisfy there need

ignition system, cooling system and exhaust alternate fuel or energy is required. But while
system are not required. considering alternate fuel some of factors are to
be considered like availability, economy, and
APPLICATION environmental friendly etc., based on that
1) This concept can replace common Compressed Air Technology is best technology
combustible engines as it is environmental which tend engine to zero pollutions. If further
friendly and very reliable. improvement is carried out with stress analysis,
thermodynamic analysis, minimize compressed
2) The wheelchairs can be made by this energy loss and other losses.
concept. In comparison with normal wheelchair
it can reduce mechanical effort of pushing the REFERENCES
wheelchair whereas in case of electric [1] A.C. Ugural, S.K. Fenster, Advanced Strength
wheelchair it reduces the consumption of and Applied Elasticity, 4th ed.
electricity.
[2] E.P. Popov, Engineering Mechanics of Solids,
3) The escalators in the malls consume a huge
1st ed.
amount of electricity as they are in continuous
motion. Using of compressed air technology can [3] Megyesy, Eugene F. "Pressure Vessel
help in saving a lot of electricity. Handbook, 14th Edition." PV Publishing, Inc.
Oklahoma City, OK.
LIMITATION

Whenever there is any change in form of energy

there are losses. In case of compressed air
engine electrical energy is first converted into
pressurized potential energy, potential energy is II.QUESTIONS
then converted into mechanical energy. Due to What makes the compressed air engine
these transformations of energies there is a different from the traditional engines?
huge loss.
How can this innovate modern
FUTURE SCOPE transportation?
Is this kind of engine be eco-friendly or
Many automobile companies are making their harmful to the environment?
effort in order to build compressed air vehicle.
Research is going in order to cope up with the III.RELATED ABSTRACT
losses that are coming due to transformation of
energy. Compressed air could be the best Design and Fabrication of
alternative in order to drive vehicles in future.
Compressed Air Powered
CONCLUSION Nowadays we have continuous Car
need of energy is increasing, but basically
conventional source of energy is very limited This study presents an experimental
due to this the rate on price of petroleum is investigation of an engine driven by
compressed air. The compressed air engine is a INTRODUCTION
modified 100 cc internal combustion engine.
The engine is modified from a 4-working stroke Compressed Air Powered Car utilizes the power
to a 2- working stroke engine (power and of compressed air to operate the engine. In
normal 4-stroke engine the engine working is
exhaust) by modification of cam-gear system.
The maximum pressure used is 8 bar. A carried out in four cycles i.e., suction,
temperature decrease from room temperature compression, power and exhaust. In our engine
to 15 C was observed at exhaust. The project we have converted the four working cycles into
was successfully manufactured and tested. two working cycle. This has been obtained by
Experimental analysis were carried out on this modifying the cam-gear arrangement. Cam
modified engine to find out its performance gears having same size and same number of
characteristics like brake power, mechanical teeth are used. Thus the two strokes obtained
efficiency, indicated power, torque etc. It are power and exhaust. The compressed air
should be noted that pressure higher than that drives the engine crankshaft and hence the
currently employed can result in increased wheel motion is obtained. Our environment
engine performance in terms of output power, must be protected against various
torque and speed. Nevertheless, the main contaminations produced by vehicle driven on
advantage of this engine is that no hydrocarbon I.C. engine which produces some of the most
fuel is required that means no combustion adverse environmental effects. These
process is taking place, thus the compressed air emissions, which are above all caused by road
vehicle will play important role in reducing air traffic damage the flora and fauna and
pollution. Another benefit is that it uses air as deteriorate human health. For example
fuel which is available abundantly in Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) after oxidation forming
atmosphere. This study presents the nitric acid, contributes to the acid rain which
atmospheric air in can be used in vehicles as the has caused severe forest damage in the past
main or auxiliary source of power system. decades. Compressed air powered car are zero
emission vehicles. This is so because air is used
as fuel and exhaust is also in the form of air.
Hence, these vehicles does not release any CO,
NOx, hydrocarbons, soot etc. and hence do not
damage the environment. Thus compressed air
powered car can prove to be the environment
friendly vehicle of 21st century. II. OBJECTIVE
Today fossil fuels are widely used as a source of
energy in various different fields like internal &
external combustion engines, as heat source in
manufacturing industries, etc. But its stock is
very limited and due to this tremendous use,
fossil fuels are depleting at faster rate. So, in
this world of energy crisis, it is inevitable to
develop alternative technologies to use
renewable energy sources, so that fossil fuels
can be conserved. One of the major fields in proportional; change one variable and one or
which fossil fuels are used is Internal two of the others will also change, according to
Combustion Engine. An alternative of IC Engine this equation: (P1 V1 ) / T1 = (P2 V2 )/T2
is Compressed Air Powered Engine. It is an Compressed air is normally used in pressure
engine which uses compressed air to run the ranges from 1 bar to 414 bar (14 to 6004 PSI) at
engine. It is cheap as it uses air as fuel, which is various flow rates from as little as 0.1 m (3.5
available abundantly in atmosphere. There are CFM - cubic feet per minute) and up. The laws
several technical benefits of using this engine, of physics dictate that uncontained gases will fill
like as no combustion takes place inside the any given space. The easiest way to see this in
cylinder, working temperature of engine is very action is to inflate a balloon. The elastic skin of
close to ambient temperature. This helps in the balloon holds the air tightly inside, but the
reducing wear and tear of the engine moment you use a pin to create a hole in the
components. Also there is no possibility of International Journal on Recent and Innovation
knocking. This in turn results in smooth working Trends in Computing and Communication
of engine. One more technical benefit is that `balloon's surface, the air expands outward with
there will not be any need for installing cooling so much energy that the balloon explodes.
system or complex fuel injection systems. This Compressing a gas into a small space is a way to
makes the design simpler. Thus compressed air store energy. When the gas expands again, that
powered car has the capacity to satisfy present energy is released to do work. That's the basic
demand and can prove to be the future vehicles principle behind what makes an air cargo[3].
The first air cars will have air compressors built
LITERATURE REVIEW into them. After a brisk drive, you'll be able to
Behavior of compressed air Compressed air is take the car home, put it into the garage and
clean, safe, simple and efficient. There are no plug in the compressor. The compressor will use
dangerous exhaust fumes of or other harmful air from around the car to refill the compressed
by products when compressed air is used as a air tank. Unfortunately, this is a rather slow
utility. It is a non-combustible, non-polluting method of refueling and will probably take up
utility. When air at atmospheric pressure is to two hours for a complete refill. If the idea of
mechanically compressed by a compressor, the an air car catches on, air refueling stations will
transformation of air at 1 bar (atmospheric become available at ordinary gas stations,
pressure) into air at higher pressure (up to 414 where the tank can be refilled much more
bar) is determined by the laws of rapidly with air that's already been compressed.
thermodynamics. They state that an increase in Filling your tank at the pump will probably take
pressure equals a rise in heat and compressing about three minutes. The first air cars will
air creates a proportional increase in heat. almost certainly use the Compressed Air Engine
Boyle's law explains that if a volume of a gas (CAE) developed by the French company, Motor
(air) halves during compression, then the Development International (MDI). Air cars using
pressure is doubled. Charles' law states that the this engine will have tanks that will probably
volume of a gas changes in direct proportion to hold about 3,200 cubic feet (90.6 kiloliters) of
the temperature . These laws explain that compressed air. The vehicle's accelerator
pressure, volume and temperature are operates a valve on its tank that allows air to be
released into a pipe and then into the engine,
where the pressure of the air's expansion will related to performance and testing of the
push against the pistons and turn the engine. The various aspects related to the
crankshaft. This will produce enough power for performance characteristics of the engine is
speeds of about 35 miles (56 kilometers) per taken from this journal. Some of them are;
hour. When the air car surpasses that speed, a
motor will kick in to operate the in-car air 1. Swept Volume Of The Engine.
compressor so it can compress more air on the 2.Torque Calculations.
fly and provide extra power to the engine. The
air is also heated as it hits the engine, increasing 3. Power Calculations.
its volume to allow the car to move faster. The
4.Efficiency Of Engine.
concept of compressed air technology has been
taken from various journal papers and studying 5.Exhaust Air Temperature
the various aspects of compressed air
technology. The basic concept of compressed CONSTRUCTION & WORKING
air car was taken from the below journal paper.
FRAME
Today fossil fuels are widely used as a source of
energy in various different fields like power For mounting of all the accessories the base
plants, internal & external combustion engines, should be strong. The base here is called as the
as heat source in manufacturing industries, etc. frame. The material used for the making of
But its stock is very limited and due to this frame is mild steel. The hollow type pipes are
tremendous use, fossil fuels are depleting at fabricated to form a rigid construction so as to
faster rate. So, in this world of energy crisis, it is serve the purpose of frame. The hollow pipe is
inevitable to develop alternative technologies used to minimize the weight of the vehicle.
to use renewable energy sources, so that fossil
fuels can be conserved. One of the major fields The specifications of the frame
in which fossil fuels are used is Internal
ENGINE
Combustion Engine. An alternative of IC Engine
is Air Powered Engine. It is an engine which The engine used for compressed air car is 100cc
will use compressed air to run the engine. It is 4-stroke Hero Honda CD100 engine. The slight
cheap as it uses air as fuel, which is available modifications are done with the engine to serve
abundantly in atmosphere Here air is the purpose of compressed air car. Before
compressed using compressor which in turn modifications the engine was having 28 teeth
uses electricity, to run, which is cheaper and on camshaft gear while 14 on crankshaft gear.
widely used. This adds value to its economic After modification the camshaft gear has been
benefits. Also, as discussed earlier, as no changed with a size equal to crankshaft gear.
combustion takes place which results in smooth So, both the gears are of equal number of
working of the engine with minimum wear and teethi.e.14 teeth. The other parameters of
tear, this will require less maintenance. So engine are kept same. The engine contains inlet
these are some of its economic benefits. One and exhaust valve operated by two cams, block
more interesting thing is that the exhaust and piston arrangement, timing chain, crank
temperature of this engine will be slightly less shaft engine since there is no need of
than the atmospheric temperature. Terms
combustion hence there is no need of spark of engine. One more technical benefit is that
plug. there will not be any need for installing cooling
system or complex fuel injection systems. This
makes the design simpler. Thus compressed air
powered car has the capacity to satisfy present
demand and can prove to be the future
vehicles.

V.Hypothesis

The air powered car is eco-friendly

because no combustion takes place in
the engines
The air powered car addresses both the
problems of fuel crises and pollution.
The air powered car innovates modern
transportation because it is reliable and
cheap, and does not need fossil fuel to
IV.Purpose operate.

Today fossil fuels are widely used as a VI.Type of study

source of energy in various different fields like
internal & external combustion engines, as heat VII.Conclusion
source in manufacturing industries, etc. But its
The model designed is a small scale
stock is very limited and due to this tremendous
working model of the compressed air engine.
use, fossil fuels are depleting at faster rate. So,
When scaled to higher level it can be used for
in this world of energy crisis, it is inevitable to
driving automobiles independently or combined
develop alternative technologies to use
(hybrid) with other engines like I.C. engines. The
renewable energy sources, so that fossil fuels
technology of compressed air vehicles is not
can be conserved. One of the major fields in
new. Compressed air technology allows for
which fossil fuels are used is Internal
engine that are both non-polluting and
Combustion Engine. An alternative of IC Engine
economical. After ten years of research and
is Compressed Air Powered Engine. It is an
development, the compressed air vehicle will
engine which uses compressed air to run the
be introduced worldwide. Unlike electric or
engine. It is cheap as it uses air as fuel, which is
hydrogen powered vehicles, compressed air
available abundantly in atmosphere. There are
vehicles are not expensive and do not have a
several technical benefits of using this engine,
limited driving range. Compressed air vehicles
like as no combustion takes place inside the
are affordable and have a performance rate
cylinder, working temperature of engine is very
that stands up to current standards. To summit
close to ambient temperature. This helps in
up, they are non-expensive cars that do not
reducing wear and tear of the engine
pollute and are easy to get around in cities. The
components. Also there is no possibility of
emission benefits of introducing this zero
knocking. This in turn results in smooth working
emission technology are obvious At the same
time the well to wheels efficiency of these
vehicles need to be improved. This is a
revolutionary car which is not only eco- friendly,
pollution free, but also very economical. This
addresses both the problems of fuel crises and
pollution. However excessive research is
needed to completely provethe technology for
both its commercial and technical viability