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Matrix Algebra Basics: Based On Slides by Pam Perlich (U.Utah)

A matrix is an array of numbers or expressions arranged in rows and columns. There are several types of matrices including row vectors, column vectors, square matrices, and identity matrices. Basic matrix operations include addition, subtraction, and multiplication. Matrix multiplication is only defined if the inner dimensions are equal. The inverse of a square matrix B is the matrix B-1 such that B-1B = BB-1 = I, the identity matrix.

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88 views18 pages

Matrix Algebra Basics: Based On Slides by Pam Perlich (U.Utah)

A matrix is an array of numbers or expressions arranged in rows and columns. There are several types of matrices including row vectors, column vectors, square matrices, and identity matrices. Basic matrix operations include addition, subtraction, and multiplication. Matrix multiplication is only defined if the inner dimensions are equal. The inverse of a square matrix B is the matrix B-1 such that B-1B = BB-1 = I, the identity matrix.

Uploaded by

mirika3shirin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Matrix

Algebra Basics

Based on slides by Pam Perlich (U.Utah)


Matrix
A matrix is any doubly subscripted array of
elements arranged in rows and columns.

a11 ,, a1n
a 21 ,, a 2n
A = = {A ij}


am1 ,, amn
Row Vector

[1 x n] matrix

A [a1 a2 ,, an] = {aj}


Column Vector
[m x 1] matrix

a1
a 2
A = = {ai}


am
Square Matrix
Same number of rows and columns

5 4 7
B = 3 6 1
2 1 3
IdenCty Matrix
Square matrix with ones on the
diagonal and zeros elsewhere.

1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
I =
0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1
Transpose Matrix
Rows become columns and columns
become rows

a11 a 21 ,, am1
a12 a 22 ,, am 2
A' =


a1n a 2n ,, amn
Matrix AddiCon and SubtracCon

A new matrix C may be defined as the


additive combination of matrices A and B
where: C = A + B

is defined by:



{Cij} = {Aij} + {Bij}
Note: all three matrices are of the same dimension

AddiCon
a11 a12
A =
If
a 21 a 22

b11 b12
and
B =
b 21 b 22

then
a11 + b11 a12 + b12
C =
a 21 + b 21 a 22 + b22
Matrix AddiCon Example

3 4 1 2 4 6
A + B = + = = C
5 6 3 4 8 10
Matrix SubtracCon

C = A - B
Is defined by

{Cij} = {Aij} {Bij}


Matrix MulCplicaCon

Matrices A and B have these dimensions:

[r x s] and [s x c]
Matrix MulCplicaCon
Matrices A and B can be multiplied if:

[r x s] and [s x c]

these must match


Matrix MulCplicaCon

The resulting matrix will have the dimensions:

[r x s] and [s x c]

rxc
ComputaCon: A x B = C

a11 a12 [2 x 2]
A =
a 21 a 22
b11 b12 b13 [2 x 3]
B =
b 21 b 22 b 23
a11b11 + a12b21 a11b12 + a12b22 a11b13 + a12b23
C =
a 21b11 + a 22b 21 a 21b12 + a 22b 22 a 21b13 + a 22b 23
[2 x 3]
ComputaCon: A x B = C

2 3
1 1 1
A = 1 1 and B =
1 0 1 0 2
[3 x 2] [2 x 3]
A and B can be multiplied

2 *1 + 3 *1 = 5 2 *1 + 3 * 0 = 2 2 *1 + 3 * 2 = 8 5 2 8
C = 1*1 + 1*1 = 2 1*1 + 1* 0 = 1 1*1 + 1* 2 = 3 = 2 1 3
1*1 + 0 *1 = 1 1*1 + 0 * 0 = 1 1*1 + 0 * 2 = 1 111

[3 x 3]
ComputaCon: A x B = C

2 3
1 1 1
A = 1 1 and B =
1 0 1 0 2
[3 x 2] [2 x 3]
Result is 3 x 3

2 *1 + 3 *1 = 5 2 *1 + 3 * 0 = 2 2 *1 + 3 * 2 = 8 5 2 8
C = 1*1 + 1*1 = 2 1*1 + 1* 0 = 1 1*1 + 1* 2 = 3 = 2 1 3
1*1 + 0 *1 = 1 1*1 + 0 * 0 = 1 1*1 + 0 * 2 = 1 111

[3 x 3]
Matrix Inversion

1 1
B B = BB = I

Like a reciprocal Like the number one


in scalar math in scalar math

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