This document describes a single chip electronic dice project that uses an IC 4060 counter to generate random numbers between 1 and 6 by lighting up LEDs. The IC 4060 contains an oscillator and divider circuit that sets its pins high in a random sequence when a button is pressed to provide a clock pulse. It explains the functions of common electronic components like resistors, capacitors, diodes, and LEDs. It also provides details on the IC 4060 counter, how to calculate its timing cycle based on resistor and capacitor values, and lists the parts required to build the random number generator circuit.
This document describes a single chip electronic dice project that uses an IC 4060 counter to generate random numbers between 1 and 6 by lighting up LEDs. The IC 4060 contains an oscillator and divider circuit that sets its pins high in a random sequence when a button is pressed to provide a clock pulse. It explains the functions of common electronic components like resistors, capacitors, diodes, and LEDs. It also provides details on the IC 4060 counter, how to calculate its timing cycle based on resistor and capacitor values, and lists the parts required to build the random number generator circuit.
This document describes a single chip electronic dice project that uses an IC 4060 counter to generate random numbers between 1 and 6 by lighting up LEDs. The IC 4060 contains an oscillator and divider circuit that sets its pins high in a random sequence when a button is pressed to provide a clock pulse. It explains the functions of common electronic components like resistors, capacitors, diodes, and LEDs. It also provides details on the IC 4060 counter, how to calculate its timing cycle based on resistor and capacitor values, and lists the parts required to build the random number generator circuit.
This document describes a single chip electronic dice project that uses an IC 4060 counter to generate random numbers between 1 and 6 by lighting up LEDs. The IC 4060 contains an oscillator and divider circuit that sets its pins high in a random sequence when a button is pressed to provide a clock pulse. It explains the functions of common electronic components like resistors, capacitors, diodes, and LEDs. It also provides details on the IC 4060 counter, how to calculate its timing cycle based on resistor and capacitor values, and lists the parts required to build the random number generator circuit.
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Single Chip Electronic Dice
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The device will tell a random number between 1 and 6 through
a series of LEDs. The number of LEDs that light up will indicate the number. This project uses a 4060 counter that counts the clock pulses received sets a particular number of pins high. Pressing the button creates a fast clock pulse so the pins that would be high cannot be estimated. This is the reason that makes this dice a completely random number generator. The pins that are set high light up a series of leds that indicates the number.
(1) Resistor: A resistor is a device that reduces current in a circuit by offering obstruction to the flow of electrical current. So if you connect an LED directly to a 3v battery and then connect it by adding a resistor in series. The brightness in the second case would be lower than the first one as the resistor in the second case would not allow much current to pass through thus reducing the brightness. Resistance is measured in ohms, kilo ohms and mega ohms. (2) Capacitor: A capacitor is a device that stores electricity inside it when it is supplied and gives it out in a circuit when there is a loss in electricity. It is like a rechargeable battery but there is a lot of difference between them. A capacitor can store a small amount of current and can charge instantly whereas a battery can store a large amount of current and takes a while to charge. There are many types of capacitors but the two common types are- electrolytic (polarized) and non electrolytic (non polarized). Capacitance is measured in pico farads, nano farads and micro farads.
(5) Diode: A diode is a device that allows current to flow only in one direction. This is the reason it has polarity and should be connected correctly for its proper functioning. It is used to prevent the reverse flow of current.
(6) Light Emitting Diode (LED):
A light emitting diode is a special type of diode that can emit light when electricity is passed through it. Like a diode, an led also allows current to flow only in one direction so to make it work it should be connected properly in a circuit. These days LEDs are preferred over lightbulbs as they consume much less electricity than bulbs and CFLs. They are available in different shapes, sizes and colors but being energy efficient, their cost is much high.
IC 4060 IC 4060 is an excellent integrated circuit for timing applications. Its ten active high outputs can give time delay from few seconds to hours. With a few components, it is easy to construct a simple but reliable time delay circuit. IC 4060 is an Oscillator binary counter cum frequency divider. Its inbuilt oscillator is based on three inverters. The basic frequency of the internal oscillator is determined by the value of the capacitor connected to its pin 9 and that of the resistor in its pin 10. By increasing or decreasing the value of capacitor / resistor, time delay can be changed. Each output goes high after the completion of the timing cycle. To get maximum time period, output Q10 is omitted in the IC itself so that double time is available between Q9 and Q11.
Inside the IC, there is an oscillator and 14 series connected bistables
(Ripple cascade arrangement). Internally the oscillator signal is applied to the first bistable which drives the second bistable and so on. Since each bistable divides its input signal by two, a total of fifteen signals are available, each of half the frequency of the previous one. Ten of these fifteen signals are available on the output pins Q3- Q13.HEF 4060 is CMOS version which can operate at 3 volts. It is necessary to add a capacitor close to pin 16 of IC so that minute voltage changes will not affect the timing cycle. Reset pin 12 resets the timing cycle once it is grounded. Outputs can give almost full supply voltage to drive light loads. Heavy loads such as relay can be operated through a driver transistor. When the high output is connected to the pin 11(clock input) through a diode, oscillation stops and IC remains latched in high state till it resets. Pin 11 can be used to give clock pulses from an external source. 4060 Timing cycle calculation Time t = 2 n / f osc = Seconds
n is the selected Q output number
2 n = Q output number = 2 x Q no times Eg. Q3 output = 2x2x2 = 8 f osc = 1 / 2.5 (R1xC1) = in Hertz
R1 is the resistor at pin 10 in Ohms and C1, the capacitor at pin 9 in
Farads. For example if R1 is 1M and C1 0.22, the basic frequency f osc is 1 / 2.5(1,000,000 x 0.000,000 22) = 1.8 Hz If the selected output is Q3 then 2 n is 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 Therefore time period (in seconds) is t = 2 n / 1.8 Hz = 8 / 1.8 = 4.4 seconds A ready reckoner for selecting the output to get a required time delay is given along the diagram
