THE UNITED STATES IS STILL A BRITISH COLONY PART 3

Part III
Will the real government please stand up!
After writing British Colony parts 1 and 2, I was amazed how some people react,
when confronted with information that goes against their prior programming. It is
as if to even consider the possibility that their belief system may be incorrect,
was a threat to their mental well being. They were going to deny any truth that
threatens their belief structure. The good news is those with such a reaction were
of the minority. This is promising, because it shows Americans can still think
past years of incomplete teaching, concerning our history. Those in the negative
believe the information had to be bogus and they could not believe the government
could wrong them.
So this third part is for them, to show them that government has and does lie to
them and violates their trust on major issues. As always this information and
supporting documents, are given so the reader can form their own opinion. Other
writers, I will mention one since he uses a pen name, the Informer, has also done
extensive research on this subject and has been forced to come to the same
conclusions. (Check out the latest work of the Informer, his new book called, THE
NEW HISTORY OF AMERICA.)
The information the Informer and I have found is so clear and undeniable, even the
doubting thomas' will have to face reality. Not to make us right, but for America
to become aware of lost history, that neither of us formed, but are willing to be
criticized in its reporting to correct great error.
Guide to the Footnotes:
1. Quotes on the fraudulent ramification of the 14th. Amendment.
2. Tulane Law Review vol. 28 1953, The Dubious Origin Of The
Fourteenth Amendment, by Walter J. Suthon, Jr.
3. Reconstruction Act of March 2, 1867.
4. Reconstruction Act of March 11, 1868.
5. Reconstruction Act of March 23, 1867.
6. Reconstruction Act of July 19, 1867.
7. President Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty & Reconstruction.
8. Veto message by President Johnson, March 2, 1867.
9. Gen. Orders No. 100 by President Lincoln, April 24 1863.
10.Court cases on Conquest and Military Occupation.
11.Letter I wrote to a local sheriff, August 27, 1995.
12.New Jersey's removal of their ratification of the 14th Amendment.
13. Addendum
I will begin with the touch stone of the patriot community, the Fourteenth
Amendment. Everyone knows about the citizenship issue. I raised another issue
concerning the 4th section of the Fourteenth Amendment in British Colony part 1,
and issues regarding sec. 3, in court documents found in Footnote 13. Doubting
thomas' think this is a conspiracy theory.In the new propaganda movie called
"Conspiracy Theory", the establishment wants you to think that anyone that
believes there is someone behind the scenes calling the shots is mentally
unbalanced. What the doubting thomas' do not realize, is this is a big puzzle and
is hard to recognize, and can be incorrectly viewed. The biggest problem is, it
can be put together more than one way, totally changing its appearance and
outcome. The doubting thomas' may say how is it you think you have the correct
pieces? My answer is, I shoot a lot of archery, in archery you shoot for the
bullseye, not the less important areas outside the bullseye. You have to stay
focused on what are the core issues, not the side issues/collateral issues, where
valuable time is lost. I conduct my research in this way. Two, I rely on God
Almighty to keep me pointed in the right direction. Three, I always tell you not
to take my word without checking the subject out for yourself. Most people if
plagued with a recurring headache, take a pain reliever, and the headache appears
to go away. When in fact all you have done is deal with a symptom, that caused the
headache. You have not dealt with the cause. Many patriots today are dealing with
the symptoms, like taxes, driving v. traveling and the zipcode, etc. etc. All are
important issues and have their place, but they are not the root cause of our
problem. Until the cause of the affliction is researched, exposed and then
removed, nothing will change.
The lawful de jure united States government which was created by the 1787
Constitution/Treaty, between the States, was made null and void by the fraudulent
Congress, that passed the Fourteenth Amendment. This is a bold and broad
statement, but I will prove it.
"When, therefore, Texas became one of the United States, she entered into an
indissoluble relation. All the obligations of perpetual union, and all the
guarantees of republican government in the Union, attached at once to the State.
The act which consummated her admission into the Union was something more than a
compact; it was the incorporation of a new member into the political body. And it
was final. The union between Texas and the other States was as complete, as
perpetual, and as indissoluble as the union between the original States. There was
no place for reconsideration, or revocation, except through revolution, or through
consent of the States." Dyett v. Turner 439 p2d 266 @ 269, 20 U2d 403
"Considered therefore as transactions under the Constitution, the ordinance of
secession, adopted by the convention and ratified by a majority of the citizens of
Texas, and all the acts of her legislature intended to give effect to that
ordinance, were absolutely null. They were utterly without operation in law. The
obligations of the State, as a member of the Union, and of every citizen of the
State, as a citizen of the United States, remained perfect and unimpaired. It
certainly follows that the State did not cease to be a State, nor her citizens to
be citizens of the Union. If this were otherwise, the State must have become
foreign, and her citizens foreigners. The war must have ceased to be a war for the
suppression of rebellion, and must have become a war for conquest of subjugation."
Dyett v. Turner 439 p2d 266 @ 269, 20 U2d 403
The Southern States could not lawfully cede from the Union without the other
States being in agreement. In the last sentence you will notice the war was either
a rebellion or, the States were made foreign and conquest and military rule took
place during the Civil War. This is very important, because of what took place
next, and what took place after the Civil War and March 9, 1933. March 2, 1867,
President Johnson declared the rebellion to be over and the Southern States to be
once again part of the Union, before the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendment were
passed. So the States were not foreign, they did not have to be readmitted, they
picked up in Congress where they left off, with the same State governments they
had before the rebellion. If the Southern States had ceded from the Union, without
sanction by all the States, their Legislative Acts would have been null and void.
In other words if a State or the federal government violates their corporate
Charter, it makes any subsequent law void, unenforceable, other than by force of
arms.
The following information should upset you greatly and at the same time amaze you,
that Americans are totally unaware of this information. How is it in the freest
country in the world, and a nation that prides itself on our history, could you
have 200 plus million people ignorant of the truth, and that care so little about
the destruction of our country? The information I am sharing with you is purposely
not taught in the public schools. Why? It will become clear to you that, if the
government taught this in the public schools, it would cause the rebirth of
American patriotism. Americans would demand our former overthrown Republican form
of government; and that the Laws of God Almighty be adhered to. We were promised
in the Constitution a Republican form of government, and Benjamin Franklin when
asked, said: you have been given a Republican form of government if you can keep
it,(paraphrase). By the laziness and greed of the American people over the years
our lawful government was stolen, but not without our help.
The Civil War was fought to free the slaves and reunite the Union, or so we have
been told by selected history, taught by and through the government. The slaves
just changed masters, as I have said before in other research papers, and the
white people enfranchised, incorporated, and sold themselves into slavery. Whites
along with blacks were made legal fictions so they could be owned and taxed by the
king. However, the only way this could be done is by destroying the Constitution,
but they had to do it in a way that no one would recognize its destruction, or
care thanks to the offered benefits. Now the Proof.
December 8, 1863 President Lincoln declared by proclamation, amnesty and
reconstruction for the southerners so they could be readmitted into the Union.
Footnote #7 This action along with what Lincoln was doing with the money is why
Lincoln had to be killed. The South could not be allowed back into the Union
without their enfranchisement. Compare the readmittance oath in President
Lincoln's proclamation of 1863, to the following oath requirement required by
Congress, under the Reconstruction Acts, Footnotes #3,4,5 and 6.
"An Act to provide for the more efficient government of the rebel States, passed
March second, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, shall cause a registration to be
made of the male citizens of the United States, twenty-one years of age and
upwards, resident in each county or parish in the State or States included in his
district, which registration shall include only those persons who are qualified to
vote for delegates by the act aforesaid, and who shall have taken and subscribed
the following oath or affirmation: "I, _____, do solemnly swear, (or affirm,) in
the presence of Almighty God, that I am a citizen of the State of _____; that I
have resided in said State for _____ months next preceding this day, and now
reside in the county of _____, or the parish of _____, in said State, (as the case
may be;) that I am twenty-one years old; that I have not been disfranchised for
participation in any rebellion or civil war against the United States, nor for
felony committed against the laws of any State or of the United States; that I
have never been a member of any State legislature, nor held any executive or
judicial office in any State and afterwards engaged in insurrection or rebellion
against the United States, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof; that I
have never taken an oath as a member of Congress of the United States, or as an
officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an
executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the
United States, and afterwards engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the
United States or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof; that I will
faithfully support the Constitution and obey the laws of the United States, and
will, to the best of my ability, encourage others so to do, so help me God;" which
oath or affirmation may be administered by any registering officer."
Reconstruction Act of March 23, 1867, supplement to Reconstruction Act of March 2,
1867.
You will note that in the above oath Congress creates legal residence for anyone
taking the oath and that this is done by registering to vote, and made a
requirement in order to vote. The same legal disability still takes place today
when you register to vote. Today you still have voting districts in every county
in the America.
You will also notice that, the oath makes you declare that you were not
disenfranchised, by taking part in the Civil War. Which means that, before the
Civil War Americans were franchised citizens, incorporated. I covered this in part
1; by the States adoption of the Constitution, those that lived in the States
became legal residents, incorporated/enfranchised, instead of Sui Juris freemen.
Which was granted to them by the Declaration of Independence, and in North
Carolina, for North Carolinians this was reaffirmed by the 1776 North Carolina
Constitution, see British Colony part 2.
Also, you will see in the following oaths where the language came from, for the
creation of Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment, this language was also used in
the 14th Amendment oath you just read. Wherein it declares that, elected
officials, judges, legislators and police etc., cannot give aid and comfort to the
enemy. The enemy is anyone unincorporated, because the king cannot legally tax
you, without using the force of admiralty. The enemy is also anyone that refuses
to swear the oath to the de facto government for the above reasons.
The following is the oath given to those that wanted to serve in the United States
government.
An act to prescribe an oath of office. July 2, 1862
"Be it enacted, That hereafter every person elected or appointed to any office of
honor or profit under the Government of the United States either in the civil,
military, or naval departments of the public service, excepting the President of
the United States, shall, before entering upon the duties of such office, and
before being entitled to any of the salary or other emoluments thereof, take and
subscribe the following oath or affirmation: "I, A B, do solemnly swear (or
affirm), that I have never voluntarily borne arms against the United States since
I have been a citizen thereof; that I have voluntarily given no aid, countenance,
counsel, or encouragement to persons engaged in armed hostility thereto; that I
have never sought nor accepted nor attempted to exercise the functions of any
office whatever, under any authority or pretended authority, in hostility to the
United States; that I have not yielded a voluntary support to any pretended
government, authority, power, or constitution within the United States, hostile or
inimical thereto; and I do further swear (or affirm) that, to the best of my
knowledge and ability, I will support and defend the Constitution of the United
States, against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and
allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental
reservation or purpose of evasion, and that I will well and faithfully discharge
the duties of the office on which I am about to enter; so help me God;" which said
oath, so taken and signed, shall be preserved among the files of the Court, House
of Congress, or Department to which the said office may appertain. And any person
who shall falsely take the said oath shall be guilty of perjury, and on
conviction, in addition to the penalties now prescribed for that offense, shall be
deprived of his office, and rendered incapable forever after, of holding any
office or place under the United States."
When the war was over President Johnson declared the States readmitted to the
Union and hostilities to be over.
Furthermore; on April 2, 1866, President Andrew Johnson issued a "Proclamation"
that:
"The insurrection which heretofore existed in the States of Georgia, South
Carolina, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas,
Mississippi and Florida is at an end, and is henceforth to be so regarded."
Presidential Proclamation No. 153,
General Records of the United States,
G.S.A. National Archives and Records Service.
On August 20, 1866 (14 Stat. 814); the President proclaimed that the insurrection
in the State of Texas had been completely ended and his "Proclamation"continued:
"The insurrection which heretofore existed in the State of Texas is at an end, and
is to be henceforth so regarded in that State, as in the other States before named
in which the said insurrection was proclaimed to be at an end by the aforesaid
proclamation of the second day of April, one thousand, eight hundred and sixty-
six.
"And I do further proclaim that the said insurrection is at an end, and that
peace, order, tranquility, and civil authority now exist, in and throughout the
whole of the united States of America."
Again the power behind the United States government would not stand for this, so
Congress passed the Reconstruction Acts, Footnotes #3,4,5 and 6. President Johnson
vetoed the Acts because they were unconstitutional. Below are some excerpts from
his veto message.
"It is plain that the authority here given to the military officer amounts to
absolute despotism. But to make it still more unendurable, the bill provides that
it may be delegated to as many subordinates as he chooses to appoint, for it
declares that he shall 'punish or cause to be punished'. Such a power has not been
wielded by any Monarch in England for more than five hundred years. In all that
time no people who speak the English language have borne such servitude. It
reduces the whole population of the ten States- all persons, of every color, sex
and condition, and every stranger within their limits- to the most abject and
degrading slavery. No master ever had a control so absolute over the slaves as
this bill gives to the military officers over both white and colored persons...."
"I come now to a question which is, if possible, still more important. Have we the
power to establish and carry into execution a measure like this? I answer,
'Certainly not', if we derive our authority from the Constitution and if we are
bound by the limitations which is imposes."....
"...The Constitution also forbids the arrest of the citizen without judicial
warrant, founded on probable cause. This bill authorizes an arrest without
warrant, at pleasure of a military commander. The Constitution declares that 'no
person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime unless on
presentment of a grand jury'. This bill holds ever person not a soldier answerable
for all crimes and all charges without any presentment. The Constitution declares
that 'no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due
process of law'. This bill sets aside all process of law, and makes the citizen
answerable in his person and property to the will of one man, and as to his life
to the will of two. Finally, the Constitution declares that 'the privilege of the
writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless when, in case of rebellion or
invasion, the public safety may require it'; whereas this bill declares martial
law (which of itself suspends this great writ) in time of peace, and authorizes
the military to make the arrest, and gives to the prisoner only one privilege, and
that is trial 'without unnecessary delay'. He has no hope of release from custody,
except the hope, such as it is, of release by acquittal before a military
commission."
"The United States are bound to guarantee to each State a republican form of
government. Can it be pretended that this obligation is not palpably broken if we
carry out a measure like this, which wipes away every vestige of republican
government in ten States and puts the life, property, and honor of all people in
each of them under domination of a single person clothed with unlimited
authority?"
"....,here is a bill of attainder against 9,000,000 people at once. It is based
upon an accusation so vague as to be scarcely intelligible and found to be true
upon no credible evidence. Not one of the 9,000,000 was heard in his own defense.
The representatives of the doomed parties were excluded from all participation in
the trial. The conviction is to be followed by the most ignominious punishment
ever inflicted on large messes of men. It disfranchises them by hundreds of
thousands and degrades them all, even those who are admitted to be guiltless, from
the rank of freeman to the condition of slaves." Veto Message of President
Johnson, March 2, 1867, Footnote #8
President Johnson did not realize the king ruled and that in 1845 Congress
declared admiralty law to have come on land, nor did he realize the relevance of
the Insular Cases. I cover these in "A Country Defeated In Victory" part 1 and in
Footnote 11. Once the judiciary decided to look the other way, the De jure
Constitution's days were numbered.
"As a result of these decisions, enforcement of the Reconstruction Act against the
Southern States, helpless to resist military rule without aid of the judiciary,
went forward unhampered. Puppet governments were founded in these various States
under military auspices. Through these means the adoption of new state
constitutions, conforming to the requirements of Congress, was accomplished.
Likewise, one by one, these puppet state governments ratified the Fourteenth
Amendment, which their more independent predecessors had rejected. Finally, in
July 1868, the ratifications of this amendment by the puppet governments of seven
of the ten Southern States, including Louisiana, gave more than the required
ratification by three-fourths of the States, and resulted in a Joint Resolution
adopted by Congress and a Proclamation by the Secretary of State, both declaring
the Amendment ratified and in force." Tulane Law Review, The Dubious Origin Of The
Fourteenth Amendment. page 36
To regress just a moment, after the war, after the States rejoined the Union, the
representatives of the South took their seats in Congress. Later the Thirteenth
Amendment was passed in Congress by the Northern States and the Southern States.
By the 1787 Constitution they were considered equal contracting partners of the
Union. The powers controlling the government had to replace their republican form
of government that had existed in the Southern States since they adopted the 1787
Constitution.
"Despite the fact that the southern States had been functioning peacefully for two
years and had been counted to secure ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment ,
Congress passed the Reconstruction Act, which provided for the military occupation
of 10 of the 11 southern States. It excluded Tennessee =66rom military occupation
and one must suspect it was because Tennessee had ratified the Fourteenth
Amendment on July 7, 1866. The Act further disfranchised practically all white
voters and provided that no Senator or Congressman from the occupied States could
be seated in Congress until a new Constitution was adopted by each State which
would be approved by Congress. The Act further provided that each of the 10 States
was required to ratify the proposed Fourteenth Amendment and the Fourteenth
Amendment must become a part of the Constitution of the United States before the
military occupancy would cease and the States be allowed to have seats in
Congress." Dyett v. Turner 439 p2d 266 @ 269, 20 U2d 403
The way they chose to do it was pass the Fourteenth Amendment. However, the
Northern States that put the amendment up in Congress figured the Southern States
would ratify. Wrong, the amendment fell short of passing the House and the Senate.
The action taken next by the Northern States will go down in history as the most
unlawful act ever taken by any government in the world. Since the amendment would
not pass lawfully, the Northern States decided to rip the 1787 Constitution up and
take over the government. How did they do this? They told the Southern States that
refused to vote for the amendment they no longer were members of Congress, denying
lawful States suffrage in the Union. In order to get the amendment through
Congress the Northern Senators also removed a seated Senator from New Jersey to
give them two-thirds in the Senate, and counted 30 abstention votes in the House
as yes votes to pass the Fourteenth Amendment in the House. See Footnote #12
Observing how 'a renegade group of men from the Northern States', MY NOTE in
quotes, actual text in brackets (Congress) had taken the Constitution into its own
hands and was proceeding in willful disregard of the Constitution, on the 15th of
January, 1868- Ohio, and then on March 24, 1868- New Jersey, voted to withdraw
their prior ratifications and to reject.
The following, is an excerpt from Joint Resolution No.1 of the State of New Jersey
of March 24, 1868, when they rescinded their prior ratification and rejected:
"It being necessary, by the Constitution, that every amendment to the same, should
be proposed by two thirds of both Houses of Congress, the authors of said
proposition, for the purpose of securing the assent of the requisite majority,
determined to, and did, exclude from the said two Houses eighty representatives
form eleven States of the Union, upon the pretence that there were no such States
in the Union; but, finding that two-thirds of the remainder of said Houses could
not be brought to assent to the said proposition, they deliberately formed and
carried out the design of mutilating the integrity of the United States Senate,
and without any pretext or justification, other than the possession of power,
without the right and in palpable violation of the Constitution, ejected a member
of their own body, representing this State, and thus practically denied to New
Jersey its equal suffrage in the Senate and thereby nominally secured the vote of
two-thirds of the said Houses."
"The object of dismembering the highest representative assembly in the Nation, and
humiliating a State of the Union, faithful at all times to all of its obligations,
and the object of said amendment were one- to place new and unheard of powers in
the hands of a faction, that it might absorb to itself all executive, judicial and
legislative power, necessary to secure to itself immunity for the unconstitutional
acts it had already committed, and those it has since inflicted on a too patient
people."
"The subsequent usurpation of these once national assemblies, in passing pretended
laws for the establishment, in ten States, of martial law, which is nothing but
the will of the military commander, and therefore inconsistent with the very
nature of all law, for the purpose reducing to slavery men of their own race to
those States, or compelling them, contrary to their own convictions, to exercise
the elective franchise in obedience to dictation of a fraction in those
assemblies; the attempt to commit to one man arbitrary and uncontrolled power,
which they have found necessary to exercise to force the people of those States
into compliance with their will; the authority given to the Secretary of War to
use the name of the President, to countermand its President's order, and to
certify military orders to be by the direction of the President' when they are
notoriously known to be contrary to the President's direction, thus keeping up the
forms of the Constitution to which the people are accustomed, but practically
deposing the President from his office of Commander-in-Chief, and suppressing one
of the great departments of the Government, that of the executive; the attempt to
withdraw from the supreme judicial tribunal of the Nation the jurisdiction to
examine and decide upon the conformity of their pretended laws to the
Constitution, which was the Chief function of that August tribunal, as organized
by the fathers of the republic: all are but amplified explanations of the power
they hope to acquire by the adoption of the said amendment."
"To conceal from the people the immense alteration of the fundamental law they
intended to accomplish by the said amendment, they gilded the same with
propositions of justice..."
"It imposes new prohibitions upon the power of the State to pass laws, and
interdicts the execution of such part of the common law as the national judiciary
may esteem inconsistent with the vague provisions of the said amendment; made
vague for the purpose of facilitating encroachment upon the lives, liberties and
property of the people."
"It enlarges the judicial power of the United States so as to bring every law
passed by the State, and every principle of the common law relating to life,
liberty, or property, within the jurisdiction of the Federal tribunals, and
charges those tribunals with duties, to the due performance of which they, from
their nature and organization, and their distance from the people, are unequal."
"It makes a new apportionment of representatives in the National courts, for no
other reason than thereby to secure to a faction a sufficient number of votes of a
servile and ignorant race to outweigh the intelligent voices of their own."
"This Legislature, feeling conscious of the support of the largest majority of the
people that has ever been given expression to the public will, declare that the
said proposed amendment being designed to confer, or to compel the States to
confer, the sovereign right of elective franchise upon a race which has never
given the slightest evidence, at any time, or in any quarter of the globe, of its
capacity of self-government, and erect an impracticable standard of suffrage,
which will render the right valueless to any portion of the people was intended to
overthrow the system of self-government under which the people of the United
States have for eighty years enjoyed their liberties, and is unfit, from its
origin, its object and its matter, to be incorporated with the fundamental law of
a free people."
(The 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States and the threat that
it poses to our democratic government, Pinckney G. McElwee, South Carolina Law
Quarterly 1959)
Did the political outrage of all history stop there? No!
In order to ratify the amendment in the States, Congress declared war on the
Southern States by passing the Reconstruction Acts. Declaring the Southern States
had unlawful State governments. They placed the States under martial law, creating
military districts which still exist today. Is not the Fourteenth Amendment still
in existence today? Nothing has changed. They replaced the lawful State
governments with puppet governments, so the Fourteenth Amendment would be ratified
by the required 3/4 of the States and would not readmit any State until
ratification of the amendment was complete. The illusion is since you vote for
your officials, "we can't be under military occupation". The privilege to vote
would end if your State tried to remove the Fourteenth Amendment.
Back to President Johnson's veto, the unlawful Congress then over road his veto.
Now picture this, you have a lawful President who vetoed the unconstitutional
Reconstruction Acts, passed by a de facto Congress. Then the unlawful Congress
overrides his veto since they have a Republican majority in the Congress after
denying the representation to the Democratic Southern States. This Congress under
the 1787 Constitution had no lawful authority to conduct business under the 1787
Charter much less destroy the office of the President. What do you call this? It
was a political take over, a coup d'etat.
The Fourteenth Amendment was proposed by Congress to the States for adoption,
through the enactment by Congress of Public Resolution No. 48, adopted by the
Senate on June 8, 1866 and by the House of Representatives on June 13, 1866. That
Congress deliberately submitted this amendment proposal to the then existing
legislatures of the several States is shown by the initial paragraph of the
resolution." Tulane Law Review, The Dubious Origin Of The Fourteenth Amendment.
page 28
1. Texas rejected the 14th Amendment on October 27, 1866
(House Journal 1866, pp. 578-584 - Senate Journal 1866, p.471.).
2. Georgia rejected the 14th Amendment on November 9, 1866
(House Journal 1866, p 68 - Senate Journal 1866, p. 8.).
3. Florida rejected the 14th Amendment on December 6, 1866
(House Journal 1866, p 76 - Senate Journal 1866, p. 8.).
4. Alabama rejected the 14th Amendment on December 7, 1866
(House Journal 1866. p. 210-213 - Senate Journal 1866, p.183.).
5. North Carolina rejected the 14th Amendment on December 14, 1866
(House Journal 1866 - 1867. p. 183 - Senate Journal 1866-67, p. 138.).
6. Arkansas rejected the 14th Amendment on December 17, 1866
(House Journal 1866, pp. 288-291 - Senate Journal 1866, p. 262.).
7. South Carolina rejected the 14th Amendment on December 20, 1866
(House Journal 1866, p. 284 - Senate Journal 1866, p. 230.).

8. Kentucky rejected the 14th Amendment on January 8, 1867

(House Journal 1867, p. 60 - Senate Journal 1867, p. 62.).
9. Virginia rejected the 14th Amendment on January 9, 1867
(House Journal 1866-67, p. 108 - Senate Journal 1866-67, p. 101.).
10. Louisiana rejected the 14th Amendment on February 9, 1867
("Joint Resolution" as recorded on page 9 of the "Acts of the General Assembly,"
Second Session, January 28, 1867) (McPherson, "Reconstruction," p. 194; "Annual
Encyclopedia," p. 452.).
11. Delaware rejected the 14th Amendment on February 7, 1867
(House Journal 1867, p. 223 - Senate Journal 1867, p. 808.).
12. Maryland rejected the 14th Amendment on March 23, 1867
(House Journal 1867, p. 1141 - Senate Journal 1867, p. 808.).
13. Mississippi rejected the 14th Amendment on January 31, 1867
(McPherson, "Reconstruction," p. 194.).
14. Ohio rejected the 14th Amendment on January 15, 1868
(House Journal 1868, pp. 44-50 - Senate Journal 1868, pp. 33-38.).
15. New Jersey rejected the 14th Amendment on March 24, 1868
("Minutes of the Assembly" 1868, p. 743 - Senate Journal 1868, p. 356.).
16. California rejected the 14th Amendment on March 3rd, 1868
("Journal of the Assembly" 1867-8, p. 601).
17. Oregon rejected the 14th Amendment by the Senate on October 6, 1868 and by the
House on October 15, 1868 proclaiming the Legislature that ratified the Amendment
to have been a "defacto" Legislature (U.S. House of Representatives, 40th
Congress, 3rd session, Mis. Doc. No 12).
Did the military occupation ever come to an end? No!
Did the military presence leave the streets? Yes. Technically do you have to have
a military presence visible in the streets, for military occupation and martial
law to exist? No! Can the military/Commander-in-Chief/Congress, transfer this
power to the civil authorities? Yes. Read the following cases, and Lincoln's
General order 100, Footnote #9
"But there is another description of government, called also by publicists a
government de facto, but which might, perhaps, be more aptly denominated a
government of paramount force. Its distinguishing characteristics are (1) that its
existence is maintained by active military power within the territories, and
against the rightful authority of an established and lawful government; and (2)
that while it exists it must necessarily be [229 U.S. 416, 429] obeyed in civil
matters by private citizens who, by acts of obedience rendered in submission to
such force, do not become responsible, as wrongdoers, for those acts, though not
warranted by the laws of the rightful government. Actual governments of this sort
are established over districts differing greatly in extent and conditions. They
are usually administered directly by military authority, but they may be
administered, also, by civil authority, supported more or less directly by
military force." Thornington v. Smith, 8 Wall. 1, 9, 19 L. ed. 361, 363. Macleod
v. U.S, 229 U.S. 416 1913
"While it is held to be the right of a conqueror to levy contributions upon the
enemy in their seaports, towns, or provinces which may be in his military
possession by conquest, and to apply the proceeds to defray the expenses of the
war, this right is to be exercised within such limitations that it may not savor
of confiscation. As the result of military occupation, the taxes and duties
payable by the inhabitants to the former government become payable to the military
occupant, unless he sees fit to substitute for them other rates or modes of
contributions to the expenses of the government. The moneys so collected are to be
used for the purpose of paying the expenses of government under the military
occupation, such as the salaries of the judges and the police, and for the payment
of the expenses of the army." Macleod v. U.S, 229 U.S. 416 1913
To also prove that military occupation still exists, ask yourself this. Is the
Fourteenth Amendment, which was ratified under duress, military occupation; and
written and passed by a de facto Congress still in existence? Yes! If a State
would today remove the Fourteenth Amendment and the statutory laws this amendment
created from their State laws, do you think the federal government would send in
the military again? Of course it would. So did the military occupation end? I hope
by now you know the answer to that.
Have you never wondered why the government sends your tax dollars all over the
world via the IMF and the World Bank etc. etc., with Americans paying the bill,
without ever putting this up for a vote? Read the following quote.
"In New Orleans v. New York Mail S. S. Co. 20 Wall. 387, 393, 22 L. ed. 354, it
was said, with respect to the powers of the military government over the city of
New Orleans after its conquest, that it had 'the same power and rights in
territory held by conquest as if the territory had belonged to a foreign country
and had been subjugated in a foreign war. In such cases the conquering power has
the right to displace the pre-existing authority, and to assume to such extent as
it may deem proper the exercise by itself of all the powers and functions of
government. It may appoint all the necessary officers and clothe them with
designated powers, larger or smaller, according to its pleasure. It may prescribe
the revenues to be paid, and apply them to its own use or otherwise. It may do
anything necessary to strengthen itself and weaken the enemy. There is no limit to
the powers that may be exerted in such cases, save those which are found in the
laws and usages of war." Dooley v. U.S., 182 U.S. 222 1901
To drive home the relevance of British Colony part 1&2 and what I just said above
about taxes, read and understand the below quotes from the Declaration of Rights,
September 5, 1774. Maybe it will sink in, we are taxed by Britain and we have not
only asked for it but, demanded the benefits supplied by the king, past and
present.
GO FIGURE????
"Resolved, 4. That the foundation of English liberty, and of all free government,
is a right in the people to participate in their legislative council: and as the
English colonists are not represented, and from their local and other
circumstances, can not properly be represented in the British Parliament, they are
entitled to a free and exclusive power of legislation in their several provincial
legislatures, where their right of representation can alone be preserved, in all
cases of taxation and internal polity, subject only to the negative of their
sovereign, in such manner as has been heretofore used and accustomed. But, from
the necessity of the case, and a regard to the mutual interest of both countries,
WE CHEERFULLY CONSENT TO THE OPERATION OF SUCH ACTS OF THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT, as
are BONA FIDE, restrained to the regulation of our external commerce, for the
PURPOSE OF SECURING THE COMMERCIAL ADVANTAGES OF THE WHOLE EMPIRE TO THE MOTHER
COUNTRY, and the COMMERCIAL BENEFITS OF ITS RESPECTIVE MEMBERS; excluding every
idea of taxation, internal or ETERNAL, for raising a revenue on the SUBJECTS IN
AMERICA, without their consent." Declaration of Rights, from September 5, 1774
(The forefathers wanted the commercial benefits without paying the taxes that go
hand in hand, it does not work that way Patriots.)
"Resolved, 7. That these, His Majesty's colonies, are likewise entitled to all the
IMMUNITIES AND PRIVILEGES GRANTED and confirmed to them by ROYAL CHARTERS, or
secured by their several codes of provincial laws." Declaration of Rights, from
September 5, 1774
As further proof, are not all States divided into military Districts? At first
glance you may not think so. However, look at your District Courts, in your State.
They are the enforcement arm of the admiralty law/kings law and legislation passed
on a daily basis. As I said before the voting Districts are also left over from
the Reconstruction Acts. In every court room a military flag is flown, a war flag
not the Title 4, flag of peace. Are you not required to obtain a license from the
de facto government for every aspect of commerce, and the use of their military
script/fiat money? Americans are taxed and controlled in the following ways, to
name a few:
1. Social Security number - license to work.
2. Drivers license - permission to conduct commerce and travel on the military
roads.
3. Occupational license - permission to perform a God given right.
4. State and local privilege license - license to work in the State, county or
city.
5. Marriage license - permission for a right granted by God Almighty.
6. Hunting and Fishing license - government taxing property of God Almighty,
etc.etc.etc.
Every license or permit is a use tax and is financial slavery, you are controlled
in every aspect of your life. All licenses came about after the Fourteenth
Amendment and the military occupation, which we are now under. The reason all this
has taken place in America is, to colonize the world for Britain. The United
States has been the enforcement arm/cannon fodder for Britain since the Civil War.

"The decisions wherein grounds were found for avoiding a ruling on the
constitutionality of the Reconstruction Act leave the impression that our highest
tribunal failed in these cases to measure up to the standard of the judiciary in a
constitutional democracy. If the Reconstruction Act was unconstitutional, the
people oppressed by it were entitled to protection by the judiciary against such
unconstitutional oppression." Tulane Law Review, The Dubious Origin Of The
Fourteenth Amendment. page 34
"The adversary or the skeptic might assert that, after a lapse of more than eighty
years, it is too late to question the constitutionality or validity of the coerced
ratifications of the Fourteenth Amendment even on substantial and serious grounds.
The ready answer is that there is no statute of limitations that will cure a gross
violation of the amendment procedure laid down by Article V of the Constitution."
Tulane Law Review, The Dubious Origin Of The Fourteenth Amendment. page 43
If you want to read more about the military occupation and the War Powers Act,
read Footnote #11. This issue concerning the Constitution has to be understood by
the Patriots, before you can help others see the illusion. We Patriots need to be
able to tell others how we arrived in this condition. But, this will never happen
as long as we defend a dead treaty, and expect a lawful remedy from a de facto
government.
Is it any wonder why Americans look at us like were nuts. We defy a de facto
government and take its benefits. We curse its judges and praise a de facto
Constitution that, denies the judges the ability to give remedy to the enemy. We
praise the legal document that gave Congress the power to declare us as enemies
and curse the Congress for their action. Wake up Patriots! How do you expect
Americans to listen to the truth, when we are so easily made to look like fools by
the government propaganda machine, and we make it easy for them. We tell the
American people the sky is falling, but never give them a remedy, other than
keeping the same damn document that enslaved us. We do not tell the American
people that there was life before the Civil War Occupation and the Fourteenth
Amendment unlawful Constitution, so fear of the unknown will keep them from
wanting to learn. The only remedy I see, except for God Almighty's Judgement, is
to expose the fraud. See Footnote 13.
Until you accept the truth about the Constitution you will not be able to
understand the information in British Colony part 1&2. I will end this research
paper in this way. Someone asked me, "are you not afraid to be killed by the
government"? I told them what Shadrach, Meshach, and Abendnego said:
"If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery
furnace, and he will deliver us out of thine hand, O king, But if not, be it known
unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image
which thou hast set up." Daniel 3:17-18
Mark Twain: "You see, my kind of loyalty was loyalty to one's country, not to
institutions or its officeholders. The country is the real thing; it is the thing
to watch over and care for and be loyal to; institutions extraneous, they are its
mere clothing, and clothing can wear out, become ragged, cease to be comfortable,
cease to protect the body from winter, disease, and death. To be loyal to rags, to
shout for rags, to worship rags, to die for rags--that is a loyalty of unreason;
it is pure animal; it belongs to monarchy; was invented by monarchy; let monarchy
keep it. I was from Connecticut, whose constitution declared "That all political
power is inherent in the people, and all free governments are founded on their
authority and instituted for their benefit, and that they have at all times an
undeniable and indefensible right to alter their form of government in such a
manner as they think expedient." Under that gospel, the citizen who thinks that
the Commonwealth's political clothes are worn out and yet holds his peace and does
not agitate for a new suit, is disloyal; he is a traitor. That he may be the only
one who thinks he sees this decay does not excuse him; it is his duty to agitate,
anyway, and it is the duty of others to vote him down if they do not see the
matter as he does."
submitted by colony@civil-liberties.com
The United States is still a British Colony; Part 1
The United States is still a British Colony; Part 2
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The North Carolina Legislature protested [by "Resolution" of December 6, 1866] as

follows:
"The Federal Constitution declare, in substance, that Congress shall consist of a
House of Representatives, composed of members apportioned among the respective
States in the ratio of their population, and of a Senate, composed of two members
from each State. And IN THE ARTICLE WHICH CONCERNS AMENDMENTS, IT IS EXPRESSLY
PROVIDED THAT `NO STATE, WITHOUT ITS CONSENT, SHALL BE DEPRIVED OF ITS EQUAL
SUFFRAGE IN THE SENATE.' THE CONTEMPLATED AMENDMENT WAS NOT PROPOSED TO THE STATES
BY A CONGRESS THUS CONSTITUTED. At the time of its adoption, the eleven seceding
States were deprived of representation both in the Senate and House, although they
all, except the State of Texas, had Senators and Representatives duly elected and
claiming their privileges under the Constitution. In consequence of this, these
States had no voice on the important question of proposing the Amendment. HAD THEY
BEEN ALLOWED TO GIVE THEIR VOTES, THE PROPOSITION WOULD DOUBTLESS HAVE FAILED TO
COMMAND THE REQUIRED TWO-THIRDS MAJORITY...."
"If the votes of these States are necessary to a valid ratification of the
Amendment, they were equally necessary on the question of proposing it to the
States; for it would be difficult, in the opinion of the Committee, to show by
what process in logic, men of intelligence would arrive at a different
conclusion." North Carolina Senate Journal, 1866-67, pp. 92 and 93.
"By spurious, non-representative governments; seven of the southern States, (which
had theretofore rejected the proposed Amendment under the duress of military
occupation and of being denied representation in Congress), did attempt to ratify
the proposed Fourteenth Amendment. The Secretary of ;State, (of July 20, 1868),
issued his proclamation wherein he stated that it was his duty under the law to
cause Amendments to be published and certified as a part of the Constitution when
he received official notice that they had been adopted pursuant to the
Constitution. Thereafter his certificate contained the following language:"
"And whereas neither the Act just quoted from, nor any other law, expressly or by
conclusive implication., authorizes the Secretary of State to determine and decide
doubtful questions as to the authenticity of the organization of State
legislatures, or as to the power of any State legislature to recall a previous act
or resolution of ratification of any amendment proposed to the Constitution;"
"And whereas it appears from official documents on file in this Department that
the amendment to the Constitution of the United States, proposed as aforesaid, has
been ratified by the legislatures of the States of [naming 23, including New
Jersey, Ohio, and Oregon];"
"And whereas it further appears from documents on file in this Department that the
amendment to the Constitution of the United States, proposed as aforesaid, has
also been ratified by newly constituted and newly established bodies avowing
themselves to be and acting as the legislatures, respectively, of the States of
Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, Louisiana, South Carolina, and Alabama;"
"And whereas it further appears from official documents on file in this Department
that the legislatures of two of the States first above enumerated, to wit, Ohio
and New Jersey, have since passed resolutions respectively withdrawing the consent
of each of said States to the aforesaid amendment; and whereas it is deemed a
matter of doubt and uncertainty whether such resolutions are not irregular,
invalid, and therefore ineffectual for withdrawing the consent of the said two
States, or of either of them, to the aforesaid amendment;"
"And whereas the whole number of States in the United States is thirty-seven, to
wit: [naming them];"
"And whereas the twenty-three States first hereinbefore named, whose legislatures
have ratified the said proposed amendment, and the six States next there after
named, as having ratified the said proposed amendment by newly constituted and
established legislative bodies, together constitute three fourths of the whole
number of States in the United States;"
"Now, therefore, be it known that I, WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State of the
United States, by virtue and in pursuant of the second section of the act of
Congress, approved the twentieth of April, eighteen hundred and eighteen,
hereinbefore cited, do hereby certify that if the resolutions of the legislatures
of Ohio and New Jersey ratifying the aforesaid amendment are to be deemed as
remaining of full force and effect, notwithstanding the subsequent resolutions of
the legislatures of those States, which purport to withdraw the consent of said
States from such ratification, then the aforesaid amendment had been ratified in
the manner hereinbefore mentioned, and so has become valid, to all intents and
purposes, as a part of the Constitution of the United States." *** (15 Stat. 707
(1868))"
Dyett v. Turner 439 p2d 266 @ 269, 20 U2d 403
"Congress was not satisfied with the proclamation as issued and on the next day
passed a Concurrent Resolution wherein it was resolved:"
"That said Fourteenth Article is hereby declared to be a part of the Constitution
of the United States, and it shall be duly promulgated as such by the Secretary of
State."
"Resolution set forth in proclamation of Secretary of State, (15 Stat. 709
[1868])."
See also U.S.C.G., Amends. 1 to 5, Constitution, p. 11
"Thereupon; William H. Seaward, the Secretary of State (after setting forth the
Concurrent Resolution of both Houses of Congress) then certified that the
Amendment:"
"Has become valid to all intents and purposes as a part of the Constitution of the
United States." (15 Stat. 708 [1868])"
Dyett v. Turner 439 p2d 266 @ 269, 20 U2d 403
"The Constitution of the United States is silent as to who should decide whether a
proposed Amendment has or has not been passed according to formal provisions of
Article V of the Constitution. The Supreme Court of the United States is the
ultimate authority on the meaning of the Constitution and has never hesitated in a
proper case to declare an Act of Congress unconstitutional except when the Act
purported to amend the Constitution."
Dyett v. Turner 439 p2d 266 @ 269, 20 U2d 403
"In the case of Laser v. Garnet 258 U.S. 130, 42 SECT. 217, 66 LED. 505, the
question was before the Supreme Court as to whether or not the Nineteenth
Amendment had been ratified pursuant to the Constitution. In the last paragraph of
the decision the Supreme Court said:"
"As the legislatures of Tennessee and of West Virginia had power to adopt the
resolutions of ratification, official notice to the Secretary, duly authenticated,
that they had done so, was conclusive upon him, and, being certified to by his
proclamation, is conclusive upon the courts." Dyett v. Turner 439 p2d 266 @ 269,
20 U2d 403
"The duty of the Secretary of State was ministerial, to wit, to count and
determine when three fourths of the States had ratified the proposed Amendment. He
could not determine that a State, once having rejected a proposed Amendment, could
thereafter approve it; nor could he determine that a State, once having ratified
that proposal, could thereafter reject it. The Supreme Court, and not Congress,
should determine whether the Amendment process be final or would not be final,
whether the first vote was for ratification or rejection."
Dyett v. Turner 439 p2d 266 @ 269, 20 U2d 403
"In order to have 27 States ratify the Fourteenth Amendment, it was necessary to
count those States which had first rejected and then under the duress of military
occupation had ratified, and then also to count those States which initially
ratified but subsequently rejected the proposal." Dyett v. Turner 439 p2d 266 @
269, 20 U2d 403
"To leave such dishonest counting to a fractional part of Congress is dangerous in
the extreme. What is to prevent any political party having control of both Houses
of Congress from refusing to seat the opposition and then passing a Joint
Resolution to the effect that the Constitution is amended and that it is the duty
of the Administrator of the General Services Administration to proclaim the
adoption?"
"Would the Supreme Court of the United States still say the problem was political
and refuse to determine whether constitutional standards had been met?"
Dyett v. Turner 439 p2d 266 @ 269, 20 U2d 403
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The United States is still a British Colony; Part 2
The United State is still a British Colony; Part 3
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Tulane Law Review vol. 28 1953, The Dubious Origin Of The Fourteenth Amendment,
by Walter J. Suthon, Jr.
"How remote was this Hamiltonian concept from the events of 1867 and 1888, when a
"rump" Congress arrogated to itself the power to force ratification of a rejected
amendment, coercing ratifications by several of the rejecting States." page 26
"This submission was by a two-thirds vote of the quorum present in each House of
Congress, and in that sense it complied with Article V of the Constitution.
However, the submission was by a "rump" Congress. Using the constitutional
provision that "Each House shall be the judge of the Elections, Returns and
Qualifications of its own Members..." each House had excluded all persons
appearing with credentials as Senators or Representatives from the ten Southern
States of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama,
Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas. This exclusion, through the exercise
of an unreviewable constitutional prerogative, constituted a gross violation of
the essence of two other constitutional provisions, both intended to protect the
rights of the States to representation in Congress." page 28
"Had these ten Southern States not been summarily denied their constitutional
rights of representation in Congress, through the ruthless use of the power of
each House to pass on the election and qualifications of its members, this
amendment proposal would doubtless have died a-borning. It obviously would have
been impossible to secure a two-thirds vote for the submission of the proposed
Fourteenth Amendment, particularly in the Senate, if the excluded members had been
permitted to enter and to vote. Of course, that was one of the motives and reasons
for this policy of ruthless exclusion." page 28
"Assuming the validity of the submission of this amendment by a two-thirds vote of
this "rump" Congress, there is no gainsaying the obvious proposition that whatever
"contemplation" or "understanding" this "rump" Congress may have had, as to the
intent, or the scope, or the effect, or the consequences of the amendment being
submitted, was necessarily a "rump" contemplation or understanding. The ten
Southern States, whose Senators and Representatives were all excluded from the
deliberations of the "rump" Congress, could have had no possible part in the
development or formation of any "contemplation" or "understanding" of what the
consequences and effects of the proposed amendment were to be." page 29
"This created a situation which made impossible the ratification of the Amendment
unless some of these rejections were reversed. With thirty-seven States in all,
ten rejections were sufficient to prevent the adoption of the amendment proposal.
The thirteen rejections, by the ten Southern States and three border States, were
more than sufficient to block ratification even if all other States finally
ratified." page 30
"This is the only action ever taken on the Fourteenth Amendment by a Louisiana
Legislature exercising free and unfettered and uncoerced judgement and discretion
as between ratification or rejection of the amendment proposal. The subsequent
purported ratification of this Amendment in Louisiana was by a legislature of a
puppet government, created by the radical majority of Congress to do the bidding
of its master, and compelled to ratify this Amendment by the Federal Statute which
had brought this puppet government into existence for this specific purpose."
page 30
"It is most interesting to read the proceedings of the Louisiana House of
Representatives on February 6, 1867, whereby that body adopted the Joint
Resolution ordaining the refusal of Louisiana to ratify the proposed Fourteenth
Amendment--the Joint Resolution which became Act 4 of 1867. This Journal shows, by
the roll call, that one hundred members voted out of a total House membership of
one hundred and ten--and that the unanimous vote was one hundred against
ratification and not in favor of it.
This was the last opportunity for a free and uncoerced expression of views on this
amendment proposal by duly elected representatives of the people of Louisiana."
page 31
"The Act dealt with these Southern States, referred to as "rebel States" in its
various provisions. It opened with a recital that "no legal State government"
existed in these States. It placed these States under military rule. Louisiana and
Texas were grouped together as the Fifth Military District, and placed under the
domination of an army officer appointed by the President. All civilian authorities
were placed under the dominant authority of the military government." page 31
"The most extreme and amazing feature of the Act was the requirement that each
excluded State must ratify the Fourteenth Amendment, in order to again enjoy the
status and rights of a State, including representation in Congress. Section 3 of
the Act sets fourth this compulsive coercion thus imposed upon the Southern
States." page 32
"Senator Doolittle of Wisconsin, a Northerner and a Conservative Republican.
During the floor debate on the bill, he said:
"My friend has said what has been said all around me, what is said every day: the
people of the South have rejected the constitutional amendment, and therefore we
will march upon them and force them to adopt it at the point of the bayonet, and
establish military power over them until they do adopt it." page 32
"President Johnson vetoed the Reconstruction Act in an able message, stressing its
harsh injustices and its many aspects of obvious unconstitutionality. He
justifiably denounced it as "a bill of attainder against nine million people at
once." page 33
"Notwithstanding this able message, the Act was promptly passed over his veto by
the required two-thirds majority in each House. Military rule took over in the ten
Southern States to initiate the process of conditioning a subjugated people to an
ultimate acceptance of the Fourteenth Amendment." page 33
"Whatever justification for other portions of the Reconstruction Act may or may
not be found in this constitutional provision, there could clearly be no sort of a
relationship between a guarantee to a State of "a republican form of government"
and an abrogation of the basic and constitutional right of a State, in its
legislative discretion, to make its own choice between ratification or rejection
of a constitutional amendment proposal submitted to the state legislatures by the
Congress of the United States. To deny to a State the exercise of this free choice
between ratification and rejection, and to put the harshest sort of coercive
pressure upon a State to compel ratification, was clearly a gross infraction--not
and effectuation--of the constitutional guarantee of "a republican form of
government." page 37
Madison said in Federalist No. 43:
"....the authority extends no further than to a guaranty of a republican form
government, which supposes a preexisting government of the form which is to be
guaranteed. As long, therefore, as the existing republican forms are continued by
the States, they are guaranteed by the federal Constitution. Whenever the States
may choose to substitute other republican forms, they have a right to do so, and
to claim the federal guaranty for the latter. The only restriction imposed on them
is , that they shall not exchange republican for anti-republican Constitutions; a
restriction which, it is presumed, will hardly be considered as a grievance." page
38
"The enactment of the legislature of the puppet government of Louisiana which
ratified the Fourteenth Amendment is embodied in Act 2 of 1868. The legislative
journals of that session reflect the presence and dominance of the military, all
as provided for and contemplated by the Reconstruction Act." page 39
"The House Journal shows that on June 29, 1868, Colonel Batchelder opened the
session by calling the roll and reading an extract form the order of General
Grant. The Senate Journal for the same date shows the reading of instructions from
General Grant to the Commanding Officer of the Fifth Military District emphasizing
the supremacy of the power of the military over the provisional civilian
government. It was under these auspices that the coerced ratifications of the
Fourteenth Amendment in Louisiana was accomplished." page 40
"Also worth of note in this connection ins the holding in 1895 that the levying of
an income tax by the Federal Government, without apportioning the tax among the
States as a direct tax, violated the taxing-power provisions of the Constitution
of the United States--although, thirty years prior to this judicial vindication of
what the majority of the Court deemed to be fundamental and true Constitutional
provisions, the Federal Government had levied and collected income taxes for
several years on a large scale, and had financed a major war of vital consequences
to a very considerable extent out of revenues so obtained." page 44
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The United States is still a British Colony; Part 2
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Tulane Law Review vol. 28 1953, The Dubious Origin Of The Fourteenth Amendment,
by Walter J. Suthon, Jr.
"How remote was this Hamiltonian concept from the events of 1867 and 1888, when a
"rump" Congress arrogated to itself the power to force ratification of a rejected
amendment, coercing ratifications by several of the rejecting States." page 26
"This submission was by a two-thirds vote of the quorum present in each House of
Congress, and in that sense it complied with Article V of the Constitution.
However, the submission was by a "rump" Congress. Using the constitutional
provision that "Each House shall be the judge of the Elections, Returns and
Qualifications of its own Members..." each House had excluded all persons
appearing with credentials as Senators or Representatives from the ten Southern
States of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama,
Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas. This exclusion, through the exercise
of an unreviewable constitutional prerogative, constituted a gross violation of
the essence of two other constitutional provisions, both intended to protect the
rights of the States to representation in Congress." page 28
"Had these ten Southern States not been summarily denied their constitutional
rights of representation in Congress, through the ruthless use of the power of
each House to pass on the election and qualifications of its members, this
amendment proposal would doubtless have died a-borning. It obviously would have
been impossible to secure a two-thirds vote for the submission of the proposed
Fourteenth Amendment, particularly in the Senate, if the excluded members had been
permitted to enter and to vote. Of course, that was one of the motives and reasons
for this policy of ruthless exclusion." page 28
"Assuming the validity of the submission of this amendment by a two-thirds vote of
this "rump" Congress, there is no gainsaying the obvious proposition that whatever
"contemplation" or "understanding" this "rump" Congress may have had, as to the
intent, or the scope, or the effect, or the consequences of the amendment being
submitted, was necessarily a "rump" contemplation or understanding. The ten
Southern States, whose Senators and Representatives were all excluded from the
deliberations of the "rump" Congress, could have had no possible part in the
development or formation of any "contemplation" or "understanding" of what the
consequences and effects of the proposed amendment were to be." page 29
"This created a situation which made impossible the ratification of the Amendment
unless some of these rejections were reversed. With thirty-seven States in all,
ten rejections were sufficient to prevent the adoption of the amendment proposal.
The thirteen rejections, by the ten Southern States and three border States, were
more than sufficient to block ratification even if all other States finally
ratified." page 30
"This is the only action ever taken on the Fourteenth Amendment by a Louisiana
Legislature exercising free and unfettered and uncoerced judgement and discretion
as between ratification or rejection of the amendment proposal. The subsequent
purported ratification of this Amendment in Louisiana was by a legislature of a
puppet government, created by the radical majority of Congress to do the bidding
of its master, and compelled to ratify this Amendment by the Federal Statute which
had brought this puppet government into existence for this specific purpose."
page 30
"It is most interesting to read the proceedings of the Louisiana House of
Representatives on February 6, 1867, whereby that body adopted the Joint
Resolution ordaining the refusal of Louisiana to ratify the proposed Fourteenth
Amendment--the Joint Resolution which became Act 4 of 1867. This Journal shows, by
the roll call, that one hundred members voted out of a total House membership of
one hundred and ten--and that the unanimous vote was one hundred against
ratification and not in favor of it.
This was the last opportunity for a free and uncoerced expression of views on this
amendment proposal by duly elected representatives of the people of Louisiana."
page 31
"The Act dealt with these Southern States, referred to as "rebel States" in its
various provisions. It opened with a recital that "no legal State government"
existed in these States. It placed these States under military rule. Louisiana and
Texas were grouped together as the Fifth Military District, and placed under the
domination of an army officer appointed by the President. All civilian authorities
were placed under the dominant authority of the military government." page 31
"The most extreme and amazing feature of the Act was the requirement that each
excluded State must ratify the Fourteenth Amendment, in order to again enjoy the
status and rights of a State, including representation in Congress. Section 3 of
the Act sets fourth this compulsive coercion thus imposed upon the Southern
States." page 32
"Senator Doolittle of Wisconsin, a Northerner and a Conservative Republican.
During the floor debate on the bill, he said:
"My friend has said what has been said all around me, what is said every day: the
people of the South have rejected the constitutional amendment, and therefore we
will march upon them and force them to adopt it at the point of the bayonet, and
establish military power over them until they do adopt it." page 32
"President Johnson vetoed the Reconstruction Act in an able message, stressing its
harsh injustices and its many aspects of obvious unconstitutionality. He
justifiably denounced it as "a bill of attainder against nine million people at
once." page 33
"Notwithstanding this able message, the Act was promptly passed over his veto by
the required two-thirds majority in each House. Military rule took over in the ten
Southern States to initiate the process of conditioning a subjugated people to an
ultimate acceptance of the Fourteenth Amendment." page 33
"Whatever justification for other portions of the Reconstruction Act may or may
not be found in this constitutional provision, there could clearly be no sort of a
relationship between a guarantee to a State of "a republican form of government"
and an abrogation of the basic and constitutional right of a State, in its
legislative discretion, to make its own choice between ratification or rejection
of a constitutional amendment proposal submitted to the state legislatures by the
Congress of the United States. To deny to a State the exercise of this free choice
between ratification and rejection, and to put the harshest sort of coercive
pressure upon a State to compel ratification, was clearly a gross infraction--not
and effectuation--of the constitutional guarantee of "a republican form of
government." page 37
Madison said in Federalist No. 43:
"....the authority extends no further than to a guaranty of a republican form
government, which supposes a preexisting government of the form which is to be
guaranteed. As long, therefore, as the existing republican forms are continued by
the States, they are guaranteed by the federal Constitution. Whenever the States
may choose to substitute other republican forms, they have a right to do so, and
to claim the federal guaranty for the latter. The only restriction imposed on them
is , that they shall not exchange republican for anti-republican Constitutions; a
restriction which, it is presumed, will hardly be considered as a grievance." page
38
"The enactment of the legislature of the puppet government of Louisiana which
ratified the Fourteenth Amendment is embodied in Act 2 of 1868. The legislative
journals of that session reflect the presence and dominance of the military, all
as provided for and contemplated by the Reconstruction Act." page 39
"The House Journal shows that on June 29, 1868, Colonel Batchelder opened the
session by calling the roll and reading an extract form the order of General
Grant. The Senate Journal for the same date shows the reading of instructions from
General Grant to the Commanding Officer of the Fifth Military District emphasizing
the supremacy of the power of the military over the provisional civilian
government. It was under these auspices that the coerced ratifications of the
Fourteenth Amendment in Louisiana was accomplished." page 40
"Also worth of note in this connection ins the holding in 1895 that the levying of
an income tax by the Federal Government, without apportioning the tax among the
States as a direct tax, violated the taxing-power provisions of the Constitution
of the United States--although, thirty years prior to this judicial vindication of
what the majority of the Court deemed to be fundamental and true Constitutional
provisions, the Federal Government had levied and collected income taxes for
several years on a large scale, and had financed a major war of vital consequences
to a very considerable extent out of revenues so obtained." page 44
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Reconstruction Act of March 2, 1867

RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS
Twenty Years of Congress: From Lincoln to Garfield.
With a review of the events which led to the political revolution of 1860,
by James G. Blaine. Vol. II, pp. 681-682.
An Act to provide for the more efficient government of the rebel states.
"Whereas no legal State governments or adequate protection for life or property
now exist in the rebel States of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Florida, Texas, and Arkansas; and
whereas it is necessary that peace and good order should be enforced in said
States until loyal and republican State governments can be legally established:
Therefore."
"Be it enacted, That said rebel States shall be divided into military districts
and made subject to the military authority of the United States, as hereinafter
prescribed, and for that purpose Virginia shall constitute the first district;
North Carolina and South Carolina the second district; Georgia, Alabama, and
Florida the third district; Mississippi and Arkansas the fourth district; and
Louisiana and Texas the fifth district."
Sec. 2. "That it shall be the duty of the President to assign to the command of
each of said districts an officer of the army, not below the rank of brigadier-
general, and to detail a sufficient military force to enable such officer to
perform his duties and enforce his authority within the district to which he is
assigned."
Sec. 3. "That it shall be the duty of each officer assigned as aforesaid to
protect all persons in their rights of person and property, to suppress
insurrection, disorder, and violence, and to punish, or cause to be punished, all
disturbers of the public peace and criminals, and to this end he may allow local
civil tribunals to take jurisdiction of and to try offenders, or, when in his
judgment it may be necessary for the trial of offenders, he shall have power to
organize military commissions or tribunals for that purpose; and all interference
under color of State authority with the exercise of military authority under this
act shall be null and void."
Sec. 4. "That all persons put under military arrest by virtue of this act shall be
tried without unnecessary delay, and no cruel or unusual punishment shall be
inflicted; and no sentence of any military commission or tribunal hereby
authorized, affecting the life or liberty of any person, shall be executed until
it is approved by the officer in command of the district, and the laws and
regulations for the government of the army shall not be affected by this act,
except in so far as they conflict with its provisions:
"Provided, That no sentence of death under the provisions of this act shall be
carried into effect without the approval of the President."
Sec. 5."That when the people of any one of said rebel States shall have formed a
constitution of government in conformity with the Constitution of the United
States in all respects, framed by a convention of delegates elected by the male
citizens of said State twenty-one years old and upward, of whatever race, color,
or previous condition, who have been resident in said State for one year previous
to the day of such election, except such as may be disfranchised for participation
in the rebellion, or for felony at common law, and when such constitution shall
provide that the elective franchise shall be enjoyed by all such persons as have
the qualifications herein stated for electors of delegates, and when such
constitution shall be ratified by a majority of the persons voting on the question
of ratification who are qualified as electors for delegates, and when such
constitution shall have been submitted to Congress for examination and approval,
and Congress shall have approved the same, and when said State, by a vote of its
legislature elected under said constitution, shall have adopted the amendment to
the Constitution of the United States, proposed by the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and
known as a targe."
"After Ten Amend article fourteen, and when said article shall have become a part
of the Constitution of the United States, said State shall be declared entitled to
representation in Congress, and Senators and Representatives shall be admitted
therefrom on their taking the oaths prescribed by law, and then and thereafter the
preceding sections of this act shall be inoperative in said State:
"Provided, That no person excluded from the privilege of holding office by said
proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United States shall be eligible to
election as a member of the convention to frame a constitution for any of said
rebel States, nor shall any such person vote for members of such convention."
Sec. 6."That until the people of said rebel states shall be by law admitted to
representation in the Congress of the United States, any civil governments which
may exist therein shall be deemed provisional only, and in all respects subject to
the paramount authority of the United States at any time to abolish, modify,
control, or supersede the same; and in all elections to any office under such
provisional governments all persons shall be entitled to vote, and none others,
who are entitled to vote under the provisions of the fifth section of this act;
and no person shall be eligible to any office under any such provisional
governments who would be disqualified from holding office under the provisions of
the third article of said constitutional amendment.
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Reconstruction Act of March 11, 1868

AMENDATORY RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF MARCH 11, 1868
Twenty Years of Congress: From Lincoln to Garfield.
With a review of the events which led to the political revolution of 1860,
by James G. Blaine. Vol. II, p. 687.
"An Act to amend the act passed March 23, 1867, entitled An Act supplementary to
'An act to provide for the more efficient government of the rebel states,' passed
March 2, 1867, and to facilitate their restoration."
"Be it enacted, That hereafter any election authorized by the act passed March 23,
1867, entitled "An Act supplementary to 'An act to provide for the more efficient
government of the rebel states,' passed March 2, 1867, and to facilitate their
restoration," shall be decided by a majority of the votes actually cast; and at
the election in which the question of the adoption or rejection of any
constitution is submitted, any person duly registered in the State may vote in the
election district where he offers to vote when he has resided therein for ten days
next preceding such election, upon presentation of his certificate of
registration, his affidavit, or other satisfactory evidence, under such
regulations as the district commanders may prescribe."
Sec. 2. "That the constitutional convention of any of the States mentioned in the
acts to which this is amendatory may provide that at the time of voting upon the
ratification of the constitution, the registered voters may vote also for members
of the House of Representatives of the United States, and for all elective
officers provided for by the said constitution; and the same election officers,
who shall make the returns of the votes cast on the ratification or rejection of
the constitution, shall enumerate and certify the votes cast for members of
Congress."
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Reconstruction Act of March 23, 1867

SUPPLEMENTARY RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF FORTIETH CONGRESS.
Twenty Years of Congress: From Lincoln to Garfield.
With a review of the events which led to the political revolution of 1860,
by James G. Blaine. Vol. II, pp. 682-685.
An Act supplementary to an act entitled
An act to provide for the more efficient government of the rebel states, passed
March second, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and to facilitate restoration.
"Be it enacted, That before the first day of September, eighteen hundred and
sixty-seven, the commanding general in each district defined by an act entitled."
"An Act to provide for the more efficient government of the rebel States, passed
March second, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, shall cause a registration to be
made of the male citizens of the United States, twenty-one years of age and
upwards, resident in each county or parish in the State or States included in his
district, which registration shall include only those persons who are qualified to
vote for delegates by the act aforesaid, and who shall have taken and subscribed
the following oath or affirmation: "I, _____, do solemnly swear, (or affirm,) in
the presence of Almighty God, that I am a citizen of the State of _____; that I
have resided in said State for _____ months next preceding this day, and now
reside in the county of _____, or the parish of _____, in said State, (as the case
may be;) that I am twenty-one years old; that I have not been disfranchised for
participation in any rebellion or civil war against the United States, nor for
felony committed against the laws of any State or of the United States; that I
have never been a member of any State legislature, nor held any executive or
judicial office in any State and afterwards engaged in insurrection or rebellion
against the United States, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof; that I
have never taken an oath as a member of Congress of the United States, or as an
officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an
executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the
United States, and afterwards engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the
United States or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof; that I will
faithfully support the Constitution and obey the laws of the United States, and
will, to the best of my ability, encourage others so to do, so help me God;" which
oath or affirmation may be administered by any registering officer."
Sec. 2. "That after the completion of the registration hereby provided for in any
State, at such time and places therein as the commanding general shall appoint and
direct, of which at least thirty days' public notice shall be given, an election
shall be held of delegates to a convention for the purpose of establishing a
constitution and civil government for such state loyal to the Union, said
convention in each State, except Virginia, to consist of the same number of
members as the most numerous branch of the State legislature of such State in the
year eighteen hundred and sixty, to be apportioned among the several districts,
counties, or parishes of such State by the commanding general, giving to each
representation in the ratio of voters registered as aforesaid, as nearly as may
be. The convention in Virginia shall consist of the same number of members as
represented the territory now constituting Virginia in the most numerous branch of
the legislature of said State in the year eighteen hundred and sixty, to be
apportioned as aforesaid."
Sec. 3. "That at said election the registered voters of each State shall vote for
or against a convention to form a constitution therefor under this act. Those
voting in favor of such a convention shall have written or printed on the ballots
by which they vote for delegates, as aforesaid, the words "For a convention," and
those voting against such a convention shall have written or printed on such
ballots the words "Against a convention." The person appointed to superintend said
election, and to make return of the votes given thereat, as herein provided, shall
count and make return of the votes given for and against a convention; and the
commanding general to whom the same shall have been returned shall ascertain and
declare the total vote in each State for and against a convention. If a majority
of the votes given on that question shall be for a convention, then such
convention shall be held as hereinafter provided; but if a majority of said votes
shall be against a convention, then no such convention shall be held under this
act:
"Provided, That such convention shall not be held unless a majority of all such
registered voters shall have voted on the question of holding such convention."
Sec. 4. "That the commanding general of each district shall appoint as many boards
of registration as may be necessary, consisting of three loyal officers or
persons, to make and complete the registration, superintend the election, and make
return to him of the votes, lists of voters, and of the persons elected as
delegates by a plurality of the votes cast at said election; and upon receiving
said returns he shall open the same, ascertain the persons elected as delegates
according to the returns of the officers who conducted said election, and make
proclamation thereof; and if a majority of the votes given on that question shall
be for a convention, the commanding general, within sixty days from the date of
election, shall notify the delegates to assemble in convention, at a time and
place to be mentioned in the notification, and said convention, when organized,
shall proceed to frame a constitution and civil government according to the
provisions of this act and the act to which is it supplementary; and when the same
shall have been so framed, said constitution shall be submitted by the convention
for ratification to the persons registered under the provisions of this act at an
election to be conducted by the officers or persons appointed or to be appointed
by the commanding general, as hereinbefore provided, and to be held after the
expiration of thirty days from the date of notice thereof, to be given by said
convention; and the returns thereof shall be made to the commanding general of the
district."
Sec. 5. "That if, according to said returns, the constitution shall be ratified by
a majority of the votes of the registered electors qualified as herein specified,
cast at said election, (at least one half of all the registered voters voting upon
the question of such ratification,) the president of the convention shall transmit
a copy of the same, duly certified, to the President of the United States, who
shall forthwith transmit the same to Congress, if then in session, and if not in
session, then immediately upon its next assembling; and if it shall, moreover,
appear to Congress that the election was one at which all the registered and
qualified electors in the State had an opportunity to vote freely and without
restraint, fear, or the influence of fraud, and if the Congress shall be satisfied
that such constitution meets the approval of a majority of all the qualified
electors in the State, and if the said constitution shall be declared by Congress
to be in conformity with the provisions of the act to which this is supplementary,
and the other provisions of said act shall have been complied with, and the said
constitution shall be approved by Congress, the State shall be declared entitled
to representation, and Senators and Representatives shall be admitted therefrom as
therein provided."
Sec. 6. "That all elections in the States mentioned in the said "Act to provide
for the more efficient government of the rebel States," shall, during the
operation of said act, be by ballot; and all officers making the said registration
of voters and conducting said elections shall, before entering upon the discharge
of their duties, take and subscribe the oath prescribed by the oath 1862 act
approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, entitled "An act to
prescribe an oath of office:"
"Provided, That if any person shall knowingly and falsely take and subscribe any
oath in this act prescribed, such person so offending and being thereof duly
convicted, shall be subject to the pains, penalties, and disabilities which by law
are provided for the punishment of the crime of wilful and corrupt perjury."
Sec. 7. "That all expenses incurred by the several commanding generals, or by
virtue of any orders issued, or appointments made, by them, under or by virtue of
this act, shall be paid out of any moneys in the treasury not otherwise
appropriated."
Sec. 8. "That the convention for each State shall prescribe the fees, salary, and
compensation to be paid to all delegates and other officers and agents herein
authorized or necessary to carry into effect the purposes of this act not herein
otherwise provided for, and shall provide for the levy and collection of such
taxes on the property in such State as may be necessary to pay the same."
Sec. 9. "That the word article, in the sixth section of the act to which this is
supplementary, shall be construed to mean section."
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Reconstruction Act of July 19, 1867

SUPPLEMENTARY RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF JULY 19, 1867.
Twenty Years of Congress: From Lincoln to Garfield.
With a review of the events which led to the political revolution of 1860,
by James G. Blaine. Vol. II, pp. 685-687.
"An Act supplementary to an act entitled An Act to provide for the more efficient
government of the rebel states, passed on the second day of March, 1867, and the
act supplementary thereto, passed on the 23d day of March, 1867."
"Be it enacted, That it is hereby declared to have been the true intent and
meaning of the act of the 2d day of March, 1867, entitled "An act to provide for
the more efficient government of the rebel States," and of the act supplementary
thereto, passed on the 23d day of March, 1867, that the governments then existing
in the rebel States of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia,
Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Florida, Texas, and Arkansas, were not legal
State governments; and that thereafter said governments, if continued, were to be
continued subject in all respects to the military commanders of the respective
districts, and to the paramount authority of Congress."
Sec. 2."That the commander of any district named in said act shall have power,
subject to the disapproval of the General of the army of the United States, and to
have effect till disapproved, whenever in the opinion of such commander the proper
administration of said act shall require it, to suspend or remove from office, or
from the performance of official duties and the exercise of official powers, any
officer or person holding or exercising, or professing to hold or exercise, any
civil or military office or duty in such district under any power, election,
appointment, or authority derived from, or granted by, or claimed under, any so-
called State or the government thereof, or any municipal or other division
thereof; and upon such suspension or removal such commander, subject to the
disapproval of the General as aforesaid, shall have power to provide from time to
time for the performance of the said duties of such officer or person so suspended
or removed, by the detail of some competent officer or soldier of the army, or by
the appointment of some other person to perform the same, and to fill vacancies
occasioned by death, resignation, or otherwise."
Sec. 3. "That the General of the army of the United States shall be invested with
all the powers of suspension, removal, appointment, and detail granted in the
preceding section to district commanders."
Sec. 4. "That the acts of the officers of the army already done in removing in
said districts persons exercising the functions of civil officers, and appointing
others in their stead, are hereby confirmed: Provided, That any person heretofore
or hereafter appointed by any district commander to exercise the functions of any
civil office, may be removed either by the military officer in command of the
district, or by the General of the army. And it shall be the duty of such
commander to remove from office, as aforesaid, all persons who are disloyal to the
Government of the United States, or who use their official influence in any manner
to hinder, delay, prevent, or obstruct the due and proper administration of this
act and the acts to which it is supplementary."
Sec. 5."That the boards of registration provided for in the act entitled "An act
supplementary to an act entitled 'An act to provide for the more efficient
government of the rebel States,' passed March 2, 1867, and to facilitate
restoration," passed March 23, 1867, shall have power, and it shall be their duty,
before allowing the registration of any person, to ascertain, upon such facts or
information as they can obtain, whether such person is entitled to be registered
under said act, and the oath required by said act shall not be conclusive on such
question, and no person shall be registered unless such board shall decide that he
is entitled thereto; and such board shall also have power to examine, under oath,
(to be administered by any member of such board,) any one touching the
qualification of any person claiming registration; but in every case of refusal by
the board to register an applicant, and in every case of striking his name the
list as hereinafter provided, the board shall make a note or memorandum, which
shall be returned with the registration list to the commanding general of the
district, setting forth the grounds of such refusal or such striking from the
list:
"Provided, That no person shall be disqualified as member of any board of
registration by reason of race or color."
Sec. 6. "That the true intent and meaning of the oath prescribed in said
supplementary act is, (among other things,) that no person who has been a member
of the Legislature of any State, or who has held any executive or judicial office
in any State, whether he has taken an oath to support the Constitution of the
United States or not, and whether he was holding such office at the commencement
of the rebellion, or had held it before, and who has afterwards engaged in
insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or given aid or comfort to
the enemies thereof, is entitled to be registered or to vote; and the words
"executive or judicial office in any State" in said oath mentioned shall be
construed to include all civil offices created by law for the administration of
any general law of a State, or for the administration of justice."
sec. 7. "That the time for completing the original registration provided for in
said act may, in the discretion of the commander of any district, be extended to
the 1st day of October, 1867; and the boards of registration shall have power, and
it shall be their duty, commencing fourteen days prior to any election under said
act, and upon reasonable public notice of the time and place thereof, to revise,
for a period of five days, the registration lists, and, upon being satisfied that
any person not entitled thereto has been registered, to strike the name of such
person the list, and such person shall not be allowed to vote. And such board
shall also, during the same period, add to such registry the names of all persons
who at that time possess the qualifications required by said act who have not been
already registered; and no person shall, at any time, be entitled to be registered
or to vote, by reason of any executive pardon or amnesty, for any act or thing
which, without such pardon or amnesty, would disqualify him from registration or
voting."
Sec. 8. "That section four of said last-named act shall be construed to authorize
the commanding general named therein, whenever he shall deem it needful, to remove
any member of a board of registration and to appoint another in his stead, and to
fill any vacancy in such board."
Sec. 9. "That all members of said boards of registration, and all persons
hereafter elected or appointed to office in said military districts, under any so-
called State or municipal authority, or by detail or appointment of the district
commanders, shall be required to take and to subscribe the oath of office
prescribed by law for officers of the United States. I am not sure that this is
the oath intended here."
Sec. 10. "That no district commander or member of the board of registration, or
any of the officers or appointees acting under them, shall be bound in his action
by any opinion of any civil officer of the United States."
Sec. 11. "That all the provisions of this act and of the acts to which this is
supplementary shall be construed liberally, to the end that all the intents
thereof may be fully and perfectly carried out."
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Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
A PROCLAMATION.
"Whereas, in and by the Constitution of the United States, it is provided that the
President "shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against
the United States, except in cases of impeachment;" and
"Whereas a rebellion now exists whereby the loyal State governments of several
States have for a long time been subverted, and many persons have committed and
are now guilty of treason against the United States; and Whereas, with reference
to said rebellion and treason, laws have been enacted by Congress declaring
forfeitures and confiscation of property and liberation of slaves, all upon terms
and conditions therein stated, and also declaring that the President was thereby
authorized at any time thereafter, by proclamation, to extend to persons who may
have participated in the existing rebellion, in any State or part thereof, pardon
and amnesty, with such exceptions and at such times and on such conditions as he
may deem expedient for the public welfare;" and
"Whereas the congressional declaration for limited and conditional pardon accords
with well-established judicial exposition of the pardoning power;" and "Whereas,
with reference to said rebellion, the President of the United States has issued
several proclamations, with provisions in regard to the liberation of slaves; and
Whereas it is now desired by some persons heretofore engaged in said rebellion to
resume their allegiance to the United States, and to reinaugurate loyal State
governments within and for their respective States; therefore,"
"I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, do proclaim, declare, and
make known to all persons who have, directly or by implication, participated in
the existing rebellion, except as hereinafter excepted, that a full pardon is
hereby granted to them and each of them, with restoration of all rights of
property, except as to slaves, and in property cases where rights of third parties
shall have intervened, and upon the condition that every such person shall take
and subscribe an oath, and thenceforward keep and maintain said oath inviolate;
and which oath shall be registered for permanent preservation, and shall be of the
tenor and effect following, to wit:"
"I, --------, do solemnly swear, in presence of Almighty God, that I will
henceforth faithfully support, protect and defend the Constitution of the United
States, and the union of the States thereunder; and that I will, in like manner,
abide by and faithfully support all acts of Congress passed during the existing
rebellion with reference to slaves, so long and so far as not repealed, modified
or held void by Congress, or by decision of the Supreme Court; and that I will, in
like manner, abide by and faithfully support all proclamations of the President
made during the existing rebellion having reference to slaves, so long and so far
as not modified or declared void by decision of the Supreme Court. So help me
God."
"The persons excepted from the benefits of the foregoing provisions are all who
are, or shall have been, civil or diplomatic officers or agents of the so-called
confederate government; all who have left judicial stations under the United
States to aid the rebellion; all who are, or shall have been, military or naval
officers of said so-called confederate government above the rank of colonel in the
army, or of lieutenant in the navy; all who left seats in the United States
Congress to aid the rebellion; all who resigned commissions in the army or navy of
the United States, and afterwards aided the rebellion; and all who have engaged in
any way in treating colored persons or white persons, in charge of such, otherwise
than lawfully as prisoners of war, and which persons may have been found in the
United States service, as soldiers, seamen, or in any other capacity."
"And I do further proclaim, declare, and make known, that whenever, in any of the
States of Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia,
Florida, South Carolina, and North Carolina, a number of persons, not less than
one-tenth in number of the votes cast in such State at the Presidential election
of the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty, each having taken
the oath aforesaid and not having since violated it, and being a qualified voter
by the election law of the State existing immediately before the so-called act of
secession, and excluding all others, shall re-establish a State government which
shall be republican, and in no wise contravening said oath, such shall be
recognized as the true government of the State, and the State shall receive
thereunder the benefits of the constitutional provision which declares that "The
United States shall guaranty to every State in this union a republican form of
government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and, on application
of the legislature, or the executive, (when the legislature cannot be convened,)
against domestic violence."
"And I do further proclaim, declare, and make known that any provision which may
be adopted by such State government in relation to the freed people of such State,
which shall recognize and declare their permanent freedom, provide for their
education, and which may yet be consistent, as a temporary arrangement, with their
present condition as a laboring, landless, and homeless class, will not be
objected to by the national Executive. And it is suggested as not improper, that,
in constructing a loyal State government in any State, the name of the State, the
boundary, the subdivisions, the constitution, and the general code of laws, as
before the rebellion, be maintained, subject only to the modifications made
necessary by the conditions hereinbefore stated, and such others, if any, not
contravening said conditions, and which may be deemed expedient by those framing
the new State government."
"To avoid misunderstanding, it may be proper to say that this proclamation, so far
as it relates to State governments, has no reference to States wherein loyal State
governments have all the while been maintained. And for the same reason, it may be
proper to further say that whether members sent to Congress from any State shall
be admitted to seats, constitutionally rests exclusively with the respective
Houses, and not to any extent with the Executive. And still further, that this
proclamation is intended to present the people of the States wherein the national
authority has been suspended, and loyal State governments have been subverted, a
mode in and by which the national authority and loyal State governments may be re-
established within said States, or in any of them; and, while the mode presented
is the best the Executive can suggest with his present impressions, it must not be
understood that no other possible mode would be acceptable."
"Given under my hand at the city, of Washington, the 8th. day of December, A.D.
one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and of the independence of the United
States of America the eighty-eighth."
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
By the President:
WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State
The United States is still a British Colony; Part 1
The United States is still a British Colony; Part 2
The United State is still a British Colony; Part 3
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Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
A PROCLAMATION.
"Whereas, in and by the Constitution of the United States, it is provided that the
President "shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against
the United States, except in cases of impeachment;" and
"Whereas a rebellion now exists whereby the loyal State governments of several
States have for a long time been subverted, and many persons have committed and
are now guilty of treason against the United States; and Whereas, with reference
to said rebellion and treason, laws have been enacted by Congress declaring
forfeitures and confiscation of property and liberation of slaves, all upon terms
and conditions therein stated, and also declaring that the President was thereby
authorized at any time thereafter, by proclamation, to extend to persons who may
have participated in the existing rebellion, in any State or part thereof, pardon
and amnesty, with such exceptions and at such times and on such conditions as he
may deem expedient for the public welfare;" and
"Whereas the congressional declaration for limited and conditional pardon accords
with well-established judicial exposition of the pardoning power;" and "Whereas,
with reference to said rebellion, the President of the United States has issued
several proclamations, with provisions in regard to the liberation of slaves; and
Whereas it is now desired by some persons heretofore engaged in said rebellion to
resume their allegiance to the United States, and to reinaugurate loyal State
governments within and for their respective States; therefore,"
"I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, do proclaim, declare, and
make known to all persons who have, directly or by implication, participated in
the existing rebellion, except as hereinafter excepted, that a full pardon is
hereby granted to them and each of them, with restoration of all rights of
property, except as to slaves, and in property cases where rights of third parties
shall have intervened, and upon the condition that every such person shall take
and subscribe an oath, and thenceforward keep and maintain said oath inviolate;
and which oath shall be registered for permanent preservation, and shall be of the
tenor and effect following, to wit:"
"I, --------, do solemnly swear, in presence of Almighty God, that I will
henceforth faithfully support, protect and defend the Constitution of the United
States, and the union of the States thereunder; and that I will, in like manner,
abide by and faithfully support all acts of Congress passed during the existing
rebellion with reference to slaves, so long and so far as not repealed, modified
or held void by Congress, or by decision of the Supreme Court; and that I will, in
like manner, abide by and faithfully support all proclamations of the President
made during the existing rebellion having reference to slaves, so long and so far
as not modified or declared void by decision of the Supreme Court. So help me
God."
"The persons excepted from the benefits of the foregoing provisions are all who
are, or shall have been, civil or diplomatic officers or agents of the so-called
confederate government; all who have left judicial stations under the United
States to aid the rebellion; all who are, or shall have been, military or naval
officers of said so-called confederate government above the rank of colonel in the
army, or of lieutenant in the navy; all who left seats in the United States
Congress to aid the rebellion; all who resigned commissions in the army or navy of
the United States, and afterwards aided the rebellion; and all who have engaged in
any way in treating colored persons or white persons, in charge of such, otherwise
than lawfully as prisoners of war, and which persons may have been found in the
United States service, as soldiers, seamen, or in any other capacity."
"And I do further proclaim, declare, and make known, that whenever, in any of the
States of Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia,
Florida, South Carolina, and North Carolina, a number of persons, not less than
one-tenth in number of the votes cast in such State at the Presidential election
of the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty, each having taken
the oath aforesaid and not having since violated it, and being a qualified voter
by the election law of the State existing immediately before the so-called act of
secession, and excluding all others, shall re-establish a State government which
shall be republican, and in no wise contravening said oath, such shall be
recognized as the true government of the State, and the State shall receive
thereunder the benefits of the constitutional provision which declares that "The
United States shall guaranty to every State in this union a republican form of
government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and, on application
of the legislature, or the executive, (when the legislature cannot be convened,)
against domestic violence."
"And I do further proclaim, declare, and make known that any provision which may
be adopted by such State government in relation to the freed people of such State,
which shall recognize and declare their permanent freedom, provide for their
education, and which may yet be consistent, as a temporary arrangement, with their
present condition as a laboring, landless, and homeless class, will not be
objected to by the national Executive. And it is suggested as not improper, that,
in constructing a loyal State government in any State, the name of the State, the
boundary, the subdivisions, the constitution, and the general code of laws, as
before the rebellion, be maintained, subject only to the modifications made
necessary by the conditions hereinbefore stated, and such others, if any, not
contravening said conditions, and which may be deemed expedient by those framing
the new State government."
"To avoid misunderstanding, it may be proper to say that this proclamation, so far
as it relates to State governments, has no reference to States wherein loyal State
governments have all the while been maintained. And for the same reason, it may be
proper to further say that whether members sent to Congress from any State shall
be admitted to seats, constitutionally rests exclusively with the respective
Houses, and not to any extent with the Executive. And still further, that this
proclamation is intended to present the people of the States wherein the national
authority has been suspended, and loyal State governments have been subverted, a
mode in and by which the national authority and loyal State governments may be re-
established within said States, or in any of them; and, while the mode presented
is the best the Executive can suggest with his present impressions, it must not be
understood that no other possible mode would be acceptable."
"Given under my hand at the city, of Washington, the 8th. day of December, A.D.
one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and of the independence of the United
States of America the eighty-eighth."
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
By the President:
WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State
The United States is still a British Colony; Part 1
The United States is still a British Colony; Part 2
The United State is still a British Colony; Part 3
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Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
A PROCLAMATION.
"Whereas, in and by the Constitution of the United States, it is provided that the
President "shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against
the United States, except in cases of impeachment;" and
"Whereas a rebellion now exists whereby the loyal State governments of several
States have for a long time been subverted, and many persons have committed and
are now guilty of treason against the United States; and Whereas, with reference
to said rebellion and treason, laws have been enacted by Congress declaring
forfeitures and confiscation of property and liberation of slaves, all upon terms
and conditions therein stated, and also declaring that the President was thereby
authorized at any time thereafter, by proclamation, to extend to persons who may
have participated in the existing rebellion, in any State or part thereof, pardon
and amnesty, with such exceptions and at such times and on such conditions as he
may deem expedient for the public welfare;" and
"Whereas the congressional declaration for limited and conditional pardon accords
with well-established judicial exposition of the pardoning power;" and "Whereas,
with reference to said rebellion, the President of the United States has issued
several proclamations, with provisions in regard to the liberation of slaves; and
Whereas it is now desired by some persons heretofore engaged in said rebellion to
resume their allegiance to the United States, and to reinaugurate loyal State
governments within and for their respective States; therefore,"
"I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, do proclaim, declare, and
make known to all persons who have, directly or by implication, participated in
the existing rebellion, except as hereinafter excepted, that a full pardon is
hereby granted to them and each of them, with restoration of all rights of
property, except as to slaves, and in property cases where rights of third parties
shall have intervened, and upon the condition that every such person shall take
and subscribe an oath, and thenceforward keep and maintain said oath inviolate;
and which oath shall be registered for permanent preservation, and shall be of the
tenor and effect following, to wit:"
"I, --------, do solemnly swear, in presence of Almighty God, that I will
henceforth faithfully support, protect and defend the Constitution of the United
States, and the union of the States thereunder; and that I will, in like manner,
abide by and faithfully support all acts of Congress passed during the existing
rebellion with reference to slaves, so long and so far as not repealed, modified
or held void by Congress, or by decision of the Supreme Court; and that I will, in
like manner, abide by and faithfully support all proclamations of the President
made during the existing rebellion having reference to slaves, so long and so far
as not modified or declared void by decision of the Supreme Court. So help me
God."
"The persons excepted from the benefits of the foregoing provisions are all who
are, or shall have been, civil or diplomatic officers or agents of the so-called
confederate government; all who have left judicial stations under the United
States to aid the rebellion; all who are, or shall have been, military or naval
officers of said so-called confederate government above the rank of colonel in the
army, or of lieutenant in the navy; all who left seats in the United States
Congress to aid the rebellion; all who resigned commissions in the army or navy of
the United States, and afterwards aided the rebellion; and all who have engaged in
any way in treating colored persons or white persons, in charge of such, otherwise
than lawfully as prisoners of war, and which persons may have been found in the
United States service, as soldiers, seamen, or in any other capacity."
"And I do further proclaim, declare, and make known, that whenever, in any of the
States of Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia,
Florida, South Carolina, and North Carolina, a number of persons, not less than
one-tenth in number of the votes cast in such State at the Presidential election
of the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty, each having taken
the oath aforesaid and not having since violated it, and being a qualified voter
by the election law of the State existing immediately before the so-called act of
secession, and excluding all others, shall re-establish a State government which
shall be republican, and in no wise contravening said oath, such shall be
recognized as the true government of the State, and the State shall receive
thereunder the benefits of the constitutional provision which declares that "The
United States shall guaranty to every State in this union a republican form of
government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and, on application
of the legislature, or the executive, (when the legislature cannot be convened,)
against domestic violence."
"And I do further proclaim, declare, and make known that any provision which may
be adopted by such State government in relation to the freed people of such State,
which shall recognize and declare their permanent freedom, provide for their
education, and which may yet be consistent, as a temporary arrangement, with their
present condition as a laboring, landless, and homeless class, will not be
objected to by the national Executive. And it is suggested as not improper, that,
in constructing a loyal State government in any State, the name of the State, the
boundary, the subdivisions, the constitution, and the general code of laws, as
before the rebellion, be maintained, subject only to the modifications made
necessary by the conditions hereinbefore stated, and such others, if any, not
contravening said conditions, and which may be deemed expedient by those framing
the new State government."
"To avoid misunderstanding, it may be proper to say that this proclamation, so far
as it relates to State governments, has no reference to States wherein loyal State
governments have all the while been maintained. And for the same reason, it may be
proper to further say that whether members sent to Congress from any State shall
be admitted to seats, constitutionally rests exclusively with the respective
Houses, and not to any extent with the Executive. And still further, that this
proclamation is intended to present the people of the States wherein the national
authority has been suspended, and loyal State governments have been subverted, a
mode in and by which the national authority and loyal State governments may be re-
established within said States, or in any of them; and, while the mode presented
is the best the Executive can suggest with his present impressions, it must not be
understood that no other possible mode would be acceptable."
"Given under my hand at the city, of Washington, the 8th. day of December, A.D.
one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and of the independence of the United
States of America the eighty-eighth."
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
By the President:
WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State
The United States is still a British Colony; Part 1
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Article 1. "A place, district, or country occupied by an enemy stands, in

consequence of the occupation, under the Martial Law of the invading or occupying
army, whether any proclamation declaring Martial Law, or any public warning to the
inhabitants, has been issued or not. Martial Law is the immediate and direct
effect and consequence of occupation or conquest."
Gen. Orders No. 100 by President Lincoln, 24 April 1863
Art. 3. "Martial Law in a hostile country consists in the suspension, by the
occupying military authority, of the criminal and civil law, and of the domestic
administration and government in the occupied place or territory, and in the
substitution of military rule and force for the same, as well as in the dictation
of general laws, as far as military necessity requires this suspension,
substitution, or dictation."
Gen. Orders No. 100 by President Lincoln, 24 April 1863
"The commander of the forces may proclaim that the administration of all civil and
penal law shall continue either wholly or in part, as in times of peace, unless
otherwise ordered by the military authority."
Gen. Orders No. 100 by President Lincoln, 24 April 1863
Art. 6. "All civil and penal law shall continue to take its usual course in the
enemy's places and territories under Martial Law, unless interrupted or stopped by
order of the occupying military power; but all the functions of the hostile
government - legislative executive, or administrative - whether of a general,
provincial, or local character, cease under Martial Law, or continue only with the
sanction, or, if deemed necessary, the participation of the occupier or invader."
Gen. Orders No. 100 by President Lincoln, 24 April 1863
Art. 10. "Martial Law affects chiefly the police and collection of public revenue
and taxes, whether imposed by the expelled government or by the invader, and
refers mainly to the support and efficiency of the army, its safety, and the
safety of its operations."
Gen. Orders No. 100 by President Lincoln, 24 April 1863
Art. 12. "Whenever feasible, Martial Law is carried out in cases of individual
offenders by Military Courts; but sentences of death shall be executed only with
the approval of the chief executive, provided the urgency of the case does not
require a speedier execution, and then only with the approval of the chief
commander."
Gen. Orders No. 100 by President Lincoln, 24 April 1863
Art. 13."Military jurisdiction is of two kinds: First, that which is conferred and
defined by statute; second, that which is derived from the common law of war.
Military offenses under the statute law must be tried in the manner therein
directed; but military offenses which do not come within the statute must be tried
and punished under the common law of war. The character of the courts which
exercise these jurisdictions depends upon the local laws of each particular
country."
Gen. Orders No. 100 by President Lincoln, 24 April 1863
Art. 17. "War is not carried on by arms alone. It is lawful to starve the hostile
belligerent, armed or unarmed, so that it leads to the speedier subjection of the
enemy."
Gen. Orders No. 100 by President Lincoln, 24 April 1863
Art. 26. "Commanding generals may cause the magistrates and civil officers of the
hostile country to take the oath of temporary allegiance or an oath of fidelity to
their own victorious government or rulers, and they may expel everyone who
declines to do so. But whether they do so or not, the people and their civil
officers owe strict obedience to them as long as they hold sway over the district
or country, at the peril of their lives."
Gen. Orders No. 100 by President Lincoln, 24 April 1863
Art. 31. "A victorious army appropriates all public money, seizes all public
movable property until further direction by its government, and sequesters for its
own benefit or of that of its government all the revenues of real property
belonging to the hostile government or nation. The title to such real property
remains in abeyance during military occupation, and until the conquest is made
complete."
Gen. Orders No. 100 by President Lincoln, 24 April 1863
Art. 33. "It is no longer considered lawful - on the contrary, it is held to be a
serious breach of the law of war - to force the subjects of the enemy into the
service of the victorious government, except the latter should proclaim, after a
fair and complete conquest of the hostile country or district, that it is resolved
to keep the country, district, or place permanently as its own and make it a
portion of its own country."
Gen. Orders No. 100 by President Lincoln, 24 April 1863
Art. 39. "The salaries of civil officers of the hostile government who remain in
the invaded territory, and continue the work of their office, and can continue it
according to the circumstances arising out of the war - such as judges,
administrative or police officers, officers of city or communal governments - are
paid from the public revenue of the invaded territory, until the military
government has reason wholly or partially to discontinue it. Salaries or incomes
connected with purely honorary titles are always stopped."
Gen. Orders No. 100 by President Lincoln, 24 April 1863
Art. 41. "All municipal law of the ground on which the armies stand, or of the
countries to which they belong, is silent and of no effect between armies in the
field."
Gen. Orders No. 100 by President Lincoln, 24 April 1863
Art. 43. "Therefore, in a war between the United States and a belligerent which
admits of slavery, if a person held in bondage by that belligerent be captured by
or come as a fugitive under the protection of the military forces of the United
States, such person is immediately entitled to the rights and privileges of a
freeman To return such person into slavery would amount to enslaving a free
person, and neither the United States nor any officer under their authority can
enslave any human being. Moreover, a person so made free by the law of war is
under the shield of the law of nations, and the former owner or State can have, by
the law of postliminy, no belligerent lien or claim of service."
Gen. Orders No. 100 by President Lincoln, 24 April 1863
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"The right to thus occupy an enemy's country and temporarily provide for its
government has been recognized by previous action of the executive authority, and
sanctioned by frequent decisions of this court. The local government being
destroyed, the conqueror may set up its own authority, and make rules and
regulations for the conduct of temporary government, and to that end may collect
taxes and duties to support the military authority and carry on operations
incident to the occupation."
Macleod v. U.S, 229 U.S. 416 1913
"The right of one belligerent to occupy and govern the territory of the enemy
while in its military possession is one of the incidents of war, and flows
directly from the right to conquer. We therefore do not look to the Constitution
or political institutions of the conqueror for authority to establish a government
for the territory of the enemy in his possession, during its [182 U.S. 222, 231]
military occupation, nor for the rules by which the powers of such government are
regulated and limited. Such authority and such rules are derived directly from the
laws of war, as established by the usage of the world and confirmed by the
writings of publicists and decisions of courts,- in fine, from the law of nations.
. . . The municipal laws of a conquered territory or the laws which regulate
private rights, continue in force during military occupation, except so far as
they are suspended or changed by the acts of the conqueror. . . . He,
nevertheless, has all the powers of a de facto government, and can at his pleasure
either change the existing laws or make new ones." Dooley v. U.S., 182 U.S. 222
1901
"Look at it practically from another point of view. Certainly, before revenue laws
can be made operative in a district or country it is essential that the situation
be taken into account, for the purpose of establishing ports of entry, collection
districts, and the necessary [182 U. S. 222, 242] machinery to enforce them. Of
course, it is patent that such investigations cannot be made prior to acquisition.
But, as the laws immediately extend, without action of Congress, as the result of
acquisition, it must follows that they extend, although none of the means and
instrumentalities for their successful enforcement can possibly be devised until
the acquisition is completed. This must be, unless it be held that there is power
in the government of the United States to enter a foreign country, examine its
situation, and enact legislation for it before it has passed under the sovereignty
of the United States. From the point of view of the United States, then, it seems
to me that the doctrine of the immediate placing of the tariff laws outside the
line of newly acquired territory, however extreme may be the opinion entertained
of the doctrine of immediate incorporation, is inadmissible and in conflict with
the Constitution."
Dooley v. U.S., 182 U.S. 222 1901
"The jurisdiction of the conqueror is complete. He may change the form of
government and the laws at his pleasure, and may exercise every attribute of
sovereignty. The conquered territory becomes a part of the domain of the
conqueror, subject to the right of the nation to which it belonged to recapture it
if they can. By reason of this right to recapture, the title of the conqueror is
not perfect until confirmed by treaty of peace. But this imperfection in his title
is, practically speaking, important only in case of alienation made by the
conqueror before treaty. If he sells, he sells subject to the right of recapture."

"But although, for purposes of sale, the title of the conqueror is imperfect
before cession, for purposes of government and jurisdiction his title is perfect
before cession. As long as he retains possession he is sovereign; and not the less
sovereign because his sovereignty may not endure for ever. [50 U.S. 603, 608]
Grotius (ch. 6, book 3, 4), speaking of the right to things taken in war, says
that land is reputed lost which is so secured by fortifications that without their
being forced it cannot be repossessed by the first owner. And in ch. 8, book 3,
treating of empire over the conquered, he shows that sovereignty may be acquired
by conquest."
Fleming v. Page, 50 U.S. 603 1850
"1st. That, by conquest and firm military occupation of a portion of an enemy's
country, the sovereignty of the nation to which the conquered territory belongs is
subverted, and the sovereignty of the conqueror is substituted in its place."
"2d. That although this sovereignty, until cession by treaty, is subject to be
ousted by the enemy, and therefore does not give an indefeasible title for
purposes of alienation, yet while it exists it is supreme, and confers
jurisdiction without limit over the conquered territory, and the right to
allegiance in return for protection."
Fleming v. Page, 50 U.S. 603 1850
"It cannot be denied that these principles, established by the common consent of
the civilized world, must govern the title to conquests made by the United States.
As one of the family of nations, they are bound by the law of nations, and the
nature and effect of their acquisitions by conquest must be defined and regulated
by that law."
Fleming v. Page, 50 U.S. 603 1850
"The messages of the President to Congress during the war, and the instructions
from the heads of departments, contain authoritative declarations as to the right
of the United States to acquire foreign territory by conquest, and as to the
effect of such conquest upon the sovereignty of the conquered territory, in
accordance with the principles above stated. Thus, the President, in his message
of December, 1846, says:- 'By the law of nations a conquered territory is subject
to be governed by the conqueror during his military possession, and until there is
either a treaty of peace or he shall voluntarily withdraw from it. The old civil
government being necessarily superseded, it is the right and duty of the conqueror
to secure his conquest, and to provide for the maintenance of civil order and the
rights of the inhabitants. This right has been exercised and this duty performed
by our military and naval commanders, by the establishment of temporary
governments in some of the conquered provinces in Mexico, assimilating them as far
as practicable to the free institutions of our own country."
Fleming v. Page, 50 U.S. 603 1850
"A war, therefore, declared by Congress, can never be presumed to be waged for the
purpose of conquest or the acquisition of territory; nor does the law declaring
the war imply an authority to the President to enlarge the limits of the United
States by subjugating the enemy's country. The United States, it is true, may
extend its boundaries by conquest or treaty, and [50 U.S. 603, 615] may demand the
cession of territory as the condition of peace, in order to indemnify its citizens
for the injuries they have suffered, or to reimburse the government for the
expenses of the war. But this can be done only by the treaty-making power or the
legislative authority, and is not a part of the power conferred upon the President
by the declaration of war. His duty and his power are purely military. As
commander-in-chief, he is authorized to direct the movements of the naval and
military forces placed by law at his command, and to employ them in the manner he
may deem most effectual to harass and conquer and subdue the enemy. He may invade
the hostile country, and subject it to the sovereignty and authority of the United
States. But his conquests do not enlarge the boundaries of this Union, nor extend
the operation of our institutions and laws beyond the limits before assigned to
them by the legislative power."
Fleming v. Page, 50 U.S. 603 1850
"The theory that a country remains foreign with respect to the tariff laws until
Congress has acted by embracing it within the customs union presupposes that a
country may be domestic for one purpose and foreign for another. It may
undoubtedly become necessary for the adequate administration of a domestic
territory to pass a special act providing the proper machinery and officers, as
the President would have no authority, except under the war power, to administer
it himself; but no act is necessary to make it domestic territory if once it has
been ceded to the United States. . . . This theory also presupposes that territory
may be held indefinitely by the United States; that it may be treated in every
particular, except for tariff purposes, as domestic territory; that laws may be
enacted and enforced by officers of the United States sent there for that purpose;
that insurrections [183 U.S. 176, 179] may be suppressed, wars carried on,
revenues collected, taxes imposed; in short, that everything may be done which a
government can do within its own boundaries, and yet that the territory may still
remain a foreign country. That this state of things may continue for years, for a
century even, but that, until Congress enacts otherwise, it still remains a
foreign country. To hold that this can be done as matter of law we deem to be pure
judicial legislation. We find no warrant for it in the Constitution or in the
powers conferred upon this court. It is true the non action of Congress may
occasion a temporary inconvenience; but it does not follow that courts of justice
are authorized to remedy it by inverting the ordinary meaning of words."
The Diamond Rings, 183 U.S. 176 1901
"Footnotes: Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled, That by the ratification of the treaty of
peace with Spain it is not intended to incorporate the inhabitants of the
Philippine islands into citizenship of the United States, nor is it intended to
permanently annex said islands as an integral part of the territory of the United
States; but it is the intention of the United States to establish on said islands
a government suitable to the wants and conditions of the inhabitants of said
island to prepare them for local self-government, and in due time to make such
disposition of said islands as will best promote the interests of the United
States and the inhabitants of said islands."
Cong. Rec., 55th Cong. 3d Sess. vol. 32, p. 1847.
The Diamond Rings, 183 U.S. 176 1901
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James Montgomery
C/O 100 Bridlewood Rd.
High Point North Carolina
August 27, 1995
Dear Sheriff ....,
I just want to say at the outset that your reputation precedes you. Those that
live in ....... County are fortunate, because your method of fighting crime works,
and will restore the public's trust in local law enforcement. As a matter of
introduction I am a former United States Marine, and I am a Christian. My friend
Bill is delivering this letter; you have already talked to him about this
information. I want you to keep one thing in mind, YOU have the ability to
understand the information in this letter. YOU have the ability to understand the
present law and past law, the Constitution. That's right!...I'm saying the
Constitution is past tense, as a restrictive document on Congress. I do not make
this statement lightly and I can prove it. The Constitution was a commercial
compact between states, giving the federal government limited powers. The Bill of
Rights was meant not as our source of rights, but as further limitations on the
federal government. Our fore-fathers saw the potential for danger in the U. S.
Constitution. To insure the Constitution was not presumed to be our source of
rights, the 10th Amendment was added. I will use a quote from Thomas Jefferson,
February 15, 1791, where he quotes the 10th Amendment...
"I consider the foundation of the Constitution as laid on this ground; That "all
powers not delegated to the United States, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by
it to the States, are reserved to the States or to the people." To take a single
step beyond the boundaries thus specially drawn around the powers of Congress, is
to take possession of a boundless field of power, no longer susceptible of any
definition." The created United States government cannot define the rights of
their creator, the American people. Three forms of law were granted to the
Constitution, common law, equity (contract law) and Admiralty law. Each had their
own jurisdiction and purpose. The first issue I want to cover is the United States
flag. Obviously from known history our flag did not have a yellow fringe bordering
three sides. The United States did not start putting flags with a yellow fringe on
them in government buildings and public buildings until the 1900's. Of course the
question you would ask yourself; why did it change and are there any legal
meanings behind this? Oh yes! First the appearance of our flag is defined in Title
4 sec.
1. U.S.C..
"The flag of the United States shall be thirteen horizontal stripes, alternate red
and white; and the union of the flag shall be forty-eight stars, white in a blue
field." (my note - of course when new states are admitted new stars are added.) A
foot note was added on page 1113 of the same section which says: "Placing of
fringe on the national flag, the dimensions of the flag, and arrangement of the
stars are matters of detail not controlled by statute, but within the discretion
of the President as commander-in-chief of the army and navy."
1925, 34
Op.Atty.Gen. 483.
The president as military commander can add a yellow fringe to our flag. When
would this be done? During time of war. Why? A flag with a fringe is an ensign, a
military flag. Read the following.
"Pursuant to U.S.C. Chapter 1, 2, and 3; Executive Order No. 10834, August 21,
1959, 24 F.R. 6865, a military flag is a flag that resembles the regular flag of
the United States, except that it has a YELLOW FRINGE, bordered on three sides.
The President of the United states designates this deviation from the regular
flag, by executive order, and in his capacity as COMMANDER-IN- CHIEF of the Armed
forces."
From the National Encyclopedia, Volume 4:
"Flag, an emblem of a nation; usually made of cloth and flown from a staff. From a
military standpoint flags are of two general classes, those flown from stationary
masts over army posts, and those carried by troops in formation. The former are
referred to by the general name flags. The latter are called colors when carried
by dismounted troops. Colors and Standards are more nearly square than flags and
are made of silk with a knotted Fringe of Yellow on three sides...use of the flag.
The most general and appropriate use of the flag is as a symbol of authority and
power."
The reason I started with the Flag issue is because it is so easy to grasp. The
main problem I have with the yellow fringe is that by its use our Constitutional
Republic is no more. Our system of law was changed without the public's knowledge.
It was kept secret, this is fraud, the American people were allowed to believe
this was just a decoration. Because the law changed from Common Law (God's Law) to
Admiralty Law (the kings law) your status also changed from sovereign to subject.
From being able to own property (allodial title) to not owning property (tenet on
the land). If you think you own your property, stop paying taxes, it will be taken
under the prize law.
"The ultimate ownership of all property is in the state; individual so-called
`ownership' is only by virtue of government, i.e., law, amounting to a mere user;
and use must be in accordance with law and subordinate to the necessities of the
State." Senate Document No. 43, "Contracts payable in Gold" written in 1933.
By our allowing to let these military flags fly, the American people have admitted
our defeat and loss of status. Read on, you'll see what I mean. Remember the
Constitution recognizes three forms of law, being governed by the Law of the Flag
is Admiralty law. I will cover this in a minute, the following is a definition of
the legal term Law of the Flag.
"...The agency of the master is devolved upon him by the law of the flag. The same
law that confers his authority ascertains its limits, and the flag at the mast-
head is notice to all the world of the extent of such power to bind the owners or
freighters by his act. The foreigner who deals with this agent has notice of that
law, and, if he be bound by it, there is not injustice. His notice is the national
flag which is hoisted on every sea and under which the master sails into every
port, and every circumstance that connects him with the vessel isolates that
vessel in the eyes of the world, and demonstrates his relation to the owners and
freighters as their agent for a specific purpose and with power well defined under
the national maritime law." Bouvier's Law Dictionary, 1914.
Don't be thrown by the fact they are talking about the sea, and that it doesn't
apply to land, I will prove to you that Admiralty law has come on land. Next a
court case:
"Pursuant to the "Law of the Flag", a military flag does result in jurisdictional
implication when flown. The Plaintiff cites the following: "Under what is called
international law, the law of the flag, a shipowner who sends his vessel into a
foreign port gives notice by his flag to all who enter into contracts with the
shipmaster that he intends the law of the flag to regulate those contracts with
the shipmaster that he either submit to its operation or not contract with him or
his agent at all." Ruhstrat v. People, 57 N.E. 41, 45, 185 ILL. 133, 49 LRA 181,
76 AM.
This is the legality I spoke of. When you walk into a court and see this flag you
are put on notice that you are in a Admiralty Court and that the king is in
control. Also, if there is a king the people are no longer sovereign. You're
probably saying this is the most incredible thing I have ever heard. YOU have read
the proof, it will stand up in court. But wait there is more, you probably would
say, how could this happen? Here's how. Admiralty law is for the sea, maritime law
govern's contracts between parties that trade over the sea. Well, that's what our
fore-fathers intended. However, in 1845 Congress passed an act saying Admiralty
law could come on land. The bill may be traced in Cong. Globe, 28th Cong., 2d.
Sess. 43, 320, 328, 337, 345 (1844-45), no opposition to the Act is reported.
Congress held a committee on this subject in 1850 and they said:
"The committee also alluded to "the great force" of "the great constitutional
question as to the power of Congress to extend maritime jurisdiction beyond the
ground occupied by it at the adoption of the Constitution...." Ibid. H.R. Rep. No.
72 31st Cong., 1st Sess. 2 (1850)
It was up to the Supreme Court to stop Congress and say NO!
The Constitution did not give you that power, nor was it intended. But no, the
courts began a long train of abuses, here are some excerpts from a few court
cases.
"This power is as extensive upon land as upon water. The Constitution makes no
distinction in that respect. And if the admiralty jurisdiction, in matters of
contract and tort which the courts of the United States may lawfully exercise on
the high seas, can be extended to the lakes under the power to regulate commerce,
it can with the same propriety and upon the same construction, be extended to
contracts and torts on land when the commerce is between different States. And it
may embrace also the vehicles and persons engaged in carrying it on (my note -
remember what the law of the flag said when you receive benefits from the king.)
It would be in the power of Congress to confer admiralty jurisdiction upon its
courts, over the cars engaged in transporting passengers or merchandise from one
State to another, and over the persons engaged in conducting them, and deny to the
parties the trial by jury. Now the judicial power in cases of admiralty and
maritime jurisdiction, has never been supposed to extend to contracts made on land
and to be executed on land. But if the power of regulating commerce can be made
the foundation of jurisdiction in its courts, and a new and extended admiralty
jurisdiction beyond its heretofore known and admitted limits, may be created on
water under that authority, the same reason would justify the same exercise of
power on land."
Propeller Genessee Chief et al. v. Fitzhugh et al. 12 How. 443 (U.S. 1851)
"Next to revenue (taxes) itself, the late extensions of the jurisdiction of the
admiralty are our greatest grievance. The American Courts of Admiralty seem to be
forming by degrees into a system that is to overturn our Constitution and to
deprive us of our best inheritance, the laws of the land. It would be thought in
England a dangerous innovation if the trial, of any matter on land was given to
the admiralty."
Jackson v. Magnolia, 20 How. 296 315, 342 (U.S. 1852)
This began the most dangerous precedent of all the Insular Cases. This is where
Congress took a boundless field of power. When legislating for the states, they
are bound by the Constitution, when legislating for their insular possessions they
are not restricted in any way by the Constitution. Read the following quote from
the Harvard law review:
"These courts, then, are not constitutional courts in which the judicial power
conferred by the Constitution on the general government can be deposited. They are
incapable of receiving it. They are legislative courts, created in virtue of the
general right of sovereignty which exists in the government, or in virtue of that
clause which enables Congress to make all needful rules and regulations respecting
the territory belonging to the united States. The jurisdiction with which they are
invested is not a part of that judicial power which is conferred in the third
article of the Constitution, but is conferred by Congress in the execution of
those general powers which that body possesses over the territories of the United
States." Harvard Law Review, Our New Possessions. page 481.
Here are some Court cases that make it even clearer...
"...[T]he United States may acquire territory by conquest or by treaty, and may
govern it through the exercise of the power of Congress conferred by Section 3 of
Article IV of the Constitution..."
"In exercising this power, Congress is not subject to the same constitutional
limitations, as when it is legislating for the United States. ...And in general
the guaranties of the Constitution, save as they are limitations upon the exercise
of executive and legislative power when exerted for or over our insular
possessions, extend to them only as Congress, in the exercise of its legislative
power over territory belonging to the United States, has made those guarantees
applicable."
Hooven & Allison & Co. vs Evatt, 324 U.S. 652 (1945)
"The idea prevails with some indeed, it found expression in arguments at the bar
that we have in this country substantially or practically two national
governments; one to be maintained under the Constitution, with all its
restrictions; the other to be maintained by Congress outside and independently of
that instrument, by exercising such powers as other nations of the earth are
accustomed to exercise."
"I take leave to say that if the principles thus announced should ever receive the
sanction of a majority of this court, a radical and mischievous change in our
system of government will be the result. We will, in that event, pass from the era
of constitutional liberty guarded and protected by a written constitution into an
era of legislative absolutism."
"It will be an evil day for American liberty if the theory of a government outside
of the supreme law of the land finds lodgment in our constitutional jurisprudence.
No higher duty rests upon this court than to exert its full authority to prevent
all violation of the principles of the constitution."
Downes vs Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 (1901)
These actions allowed Admiralty law to come on land. If you will remember the
definition of the Law of the Flag. When you receive benefits or enter into
contracts with the king you come under his law which is Admiralty law. And what is
a result of your connection with the king? A loss of your Sovereign status. Our
ignorance of the law is no excuse. I'll give you an example, something you deal
with everyday. Let's say you give me a seat belt ticket. What law did I violate?
Remember the Constitution recognizes three forms of law. Was it common law? Who
was the injured party? No one. So it could not have been common law even though
the State of N. C. has made chapter 20 of the Motor Vehicle code carry common law
penalties, jail time. This was the only thing they could do to cover up the
jurisdiction they were operating in. Was it Equity law? No, there is no contract
in dispute, driving is a privilege granted by the king. If it were a contract the
UCC would apply, and it doesn't. In a contract both parties have equal rights. In
a privilege, you do as you are told or the privilege is revoked. Well guess what,
there is only one form of law left, admiralty. Ask yourself when did licenses
begin to be required? 1933.
All district courts are admiralty courts, see the Judiciary Act of 1789.
"It is only with the extent of powers possessed by the district courts, acting as
instance courts of admiralty, we are dealing. The Act of 1789 gives the entire
constitutional power to determine "all civil causes of admiralty and maritime
jurisdiction," leaving the courts to ascertain its limits, as cases may arise."
Waring ET AL,. v. Clarke, Howard 5 12 L. ed. 1847
When you enter a court room and come before the judge and the U.S. flag with the
yellow fringe flying, you are put on notice of the law you are in. American's
aren't aware of this, so they continue to claim Constitutional rights. In the
Admiralty setting the constitution does not apply and the judge, if pushed, will
inform you of this by placing you under contempt for continuing to bring it up. If
the judge is pressed, his name for this hidden law is statutory law. Where are the
rules and regulations for statutory law kept? They don't exist. If statuary law
existed, there would be rules and regulations governing it's procedures and court
rules. They do not exist!!! The way you know this is Admiralty, is from the yellow
fringed flag and from the actions of the law, compelled performance (Admiralty).
The judges can still move at common law (murder etc.) and equity (contract
disputes etc.). It's up to the type of case brought before the court. If the case
is Admiralty, the only way back to the common law is the saving to suitor clause
and action under Admiralty. The court and rules of all three jurisdictions have
been blended. Under Admiralty you are compelled to perform under the agreement you
made by asking and receiving the king's government (license). You receive the
benefit of driving on federal roads (military roads), so you have voluntarily
obligated yourself to this system of law, this is why you are compelled to obey.
If you don't it will cost you money or jail time or both. The type of offense
determines the jurisdiction you come under, but the court itself is an Admiralty
court, defined by the flag. Driving without a seat belt under Chapter 20 DMV code
carries a criminal penalty for a non common law offense. Again where is the
injured party or parties, this is Admiralty law. Here is a quote to prove what I
said about the roads being military, this is only one benefit, there are many:
"Whilst deeply convinced of these truths, I yet consider it clear that under the
war-making power Congress may appropriate money toward the construction of a
military road when this is absolutely necessary for the defense of any State or
Territory of the Union against foreign invasion. Under the Constitution Congress
has power "to declare war," "to raise and support armies," "to provide and
maintain a navy," and to call forth the militia to "repel invasions." Thus
endowed, in an ample manner, with the war-making power, the corresponding duty is
required that "the United States shall protect each of them [the States] against
invasion." Now, how is it possible to afford this protection to California and our
Pacific possessions except by means of a military road through the Territories of
the United States, over which men and munitions of war may be speedily transported
from the Atlantic States to meet and to repel the invader?....Besides, the
Government, ever since its origin, has been in the constant practice of
constructing military roads."
Inaugural Address of James Buchanan, March 4, 1857,..Messages and Papers of the
Presidents, 1789-1902.
I want to briefly mention the Social Security Act, the nexus Agreement you have
with the king. You were told the SS# was for retirement and you had to have it to
work. It sounds like a license to me, and it is, it is a license granted by the
President to work in this country, under the Trading with the Enemy Act, as
amended in March 9, 1933, as you will see in a moment. Was it really for your
retirement? What does F.I.C.A. stand for? Federal Insurance Contribution Act. What
does contribution mean at law, not Webster's Dictionary. This is where they were
able to get you to admit that you were jointly responsible for the national debt,
and you declared that you were a Fourteenth Amendment citizen, which I won't go
into in this paper or the Erie Railroad v. Tompkins case where common law was over
turned. Read the following definition to learn what it means to have a SS# and pay
a contribution:
Contribution. Right of one who has discharged a common liability to recover of
another also liable, the aliquot portion which he ought to pay or bear. Under
principle of "contribution," a tort-feasor against whom a judgement is rendered is
entitled to recover proportional shares of judgement =66rom other joint tort-
feasor whose negligence contributed to the injury and who were also liable to the
plaintiff. (foot note * tort feasor means wrong doer, what did you do to be
defined as a wrong doer???) The share of a loss payable by an insure when
contracts with two or more insurers cover the same loss. The insurer's share of a
loss under a coinsurance or similar provision. The sharing of a loss or payment
among several. The act of any one or several of a number of co-debtors, co-
sureties, etc., in reimbursing one of their number who has paid the whole debt or
suffered the whole liability, each to the extent of his proportionate share.
(Blacks Law Dictionary 6th ed.)
Guess what? It gets worse. What does this date 1933 mean? Well you better sit
down. First, remember World War I, in 1917 President Wilson declared the War
Powers Act of October 6, 1917, basically stating that he was stopping all trade
with the enemy except for those he granted a license, excluding Americans. Read
the following from this Trading with the enemy Act, where he defines enemy:
In the War Powers Act of 1917, Chapter 106, Section 2 (c) it says that these
declared war powers did not affect citizens of the United States:
"Such other individuals, or body or class of individuals, as may be natives,
citizens, or subjects of any nation with which the United States is at war, OTHER
THAN CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES, wherever resident or wherever doing business,
as the President, if he shall find the safety of the United States of the
successful prosecution of the war shall so require, may, by proclamation, include
within the term "enemy.""
Now, this leads us up to 1933. Our country was recovering from a depression and
now was declared bankrupt. I know you are saying. Do What, the American people
were never told about this? Public policy and National Security overruled the
public right to know. Read the following Congressional quote:
"My investigation convinced me that during the last quarter of a century the
average production of gold has been falling off considerably. The gold mines of
the world are practically exhausted. There is only about $11,000,000,000 in gold
in the world, with the United States owning a little more than four billions. We
have more than $100,000,000,000 in debts payable in gold of the present weight and
fineness....As a practical proposition these contracts cannot be collected in gold
for the obvious reason that the gold supply of the entire world is not sufficient
to make payment."
Congressional Record, Congressman Dies March 15, 1933
Before 1933 all contracts with the government were payable in gold. Now I ask you?
Who in their right mind would enter into contracts totaling One Hundred billion
dollars in gold, when there was only eleven billion in gold in the whole world, we
had about four billion. To keep from being hung by the American public they obeyed
the banksters demands and turned over our country to them. They never came out and
said we were in bankruptcy but, the fact remains, we are. In 1933 the gold of the
whole country had to be turned in to the banksters, and all government contracts
in gold were canceled. This is bankruptcy.
"Mr. Speaker, we are here now in chapter 11. Members of Congress are official
trustees presiding over the greatest reorganization of any bankrupt entity in
world history, the U.S. government." Congressman Traficant on the House floor,
March 17, "1993"
The wealth of the nation including our land was turned over to the banksters. In
return, the nations 100 billion dollar debt was forgiven. I have two papers that
have circulated the country on this subject. Remember Jesus said "money is the
root of all evil" The Congress of 1933 sold every American into slavery to protect
their asses. Read the following Congressional quotes:
"I want to show you where the people are being imposed upon by reason of the
delegation of this tremendous power. I invite your attention to the fact that
section 16 of the Federal Reserve Act provides that whenever the Government of the
United States issues and delivers money, Federal Reserve notes, which are based on
the credit of the Nation--they represent a mortgage upon your home and my home,
and upon all the property of all the people of the Nation--to the Federal Reserve
agent, an interest charge shall be collected for the Government."
Congressional Record, Congressman Patman March 13, 1933
"That is the equity of what we are about to do. Yes; you are going to close us
down. Yes; you have already closed us down, and have been doing it long before
this year. Our President says that for 3 years we have been on the way to
bankruptcy. We have been on the way to bankruptcy longer than 3 years. We have
been on the way to bankruptcy ever since we began to allow the financial mastery
of this country gradually to get into the hands of a little clique that has held
it right up until they would send us to the grave."
Congressional Record, Congressman Long March 11, 1933
What did Roosevelt do? Sealed our fate and our childrens fate, but worst of all,
he declared War on the American People, remember the War Powers Act, the Trading
with the enemy Act. He declared emergency powers with his authority being the War
Powers Act, the Trading with the enemy Act. The problem is he redefined who the
enemy was, read the following: (remember what I said about the SS# being a license
to work)
"The declared National Emergency of March 9, 1933 amended the War Powers Act to
include the American People as enemies:
"In Title 1, Section 1 it says: The actions, regulations, rules, licenses, orders
and proclamations heretofore or hereafter taken, promulgated, made, or issued by
the President of the United States or the Secretary of the Treasury since March 4,
1933, pursuant to the authority conferred by subdivision (b) of section 5 of the
Act of October 6, 1917, as amended, are hereby approved and confirmed." "Section
2. Subdivision (b) of section 5 of the Act of October 6, 1917, (40 Stat. L. 411),
as amended, is hereby amended to read as follows: emergency declared by the
President, the President may, through any agency that he may designate, or
otherwise, investigate, regulate, or prohibit, under such rules and regulations as
he may prescribe, by means of licenses or otherwise, any transactions in foreign
exchange, transfers of credit between or payments by banking institutions as
defined by the President, and export, hoarding, melting, or earmarking of gold or
silver coin or bullion or currency, BY ANY PERSON WITHIN THE UNITED STATES OR ANY
PLACE SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION THEREOF."
Here is the legal phrase subject to the jurisdiction thereof, but at law this
refers to alien enemy and also applies to Fourteenth Amendment citizens:
"As these words are used in the first section of the Fourteenth Amendment of the
Federal Constitution, providing for the citizenship of all persons born or
naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, the
purpose would appear to have been to exclude by the fewest words (besides children
of members of the Indian tribes, standing in a peculiar relation to the National
Government, unknown to the common Law), the two classes of cases, children born of
*ALIEN ENEMIES(emphasis mine), in hostile occupation, and children of diplomatic
representatives of a foreign state, both of which, by the law of England and by
our own law, from the time of the first settlement of the English colonies in
America, had been recognized exceptions to the fundamental rule of citizenship by
birth within the country."
United States v Wong Kim Ark, 169 US 649, 682, 42 L Ed 890, 902, 18 S Ct 456.
Ballentine's Law Dictionary
Congressman Beck had this to say about the War Powers Act:
"I think of all the damnable heresies that have ever been suggested in connection
with the Constitution, the doctrine of emergency is the worst. It means that when
Congress declares an emergency there is no Constitution. This means its
death....But the Constitution of the United States, as a restraining influence in
keeping the federal government within the carefully prescribed channels of power,
is moribund, if not dead. We are witnessing its death-agonies, for when this bill
becomes a law, if unhappily it becomes law, there is no longer any workable
Constitution to keep the Congress within the limits of its constitutional powers."

(Congressman James Beck in Congressional Record 1933)

The following are excerpts from the Senate Report, 93rd Congress, November 19,
1973, Special Committee On The Termination Of The National Emergency United States
Senate. They were going to terminate all emergency powers, but they found out they
did not have the power to do this so guess which one stayed in, the Emergency Act
of 1933, the Trading with the Enemy Act October 6, 1917 as amended in March 9,
1933.
"Since March 9, 1933, the United States has been in a state of declared national
emergency....Under the powers delegated by these statutes, the President may:
seize property; organize and control the means of production; seize commodities;
assign military forces abroad; institute martial law; seize and control all
transportation and communication; regulate the operation of private enterprise;
restrict travel; and, in a plethora of particular ways, control the lives of all
American citizens."
"A majority of the people of the United States have lived all of their lives under
emergency rule. For 40 years, freedoms and governmental procedures guaranteed by
the Constitution have, in varying degrees, been abridged by laws brought into
force by states of national emergency....from, at least, the Civil War in
important ways shaped the present phenomenon of a permanent state of national
emergency."
Senate Report, 93rd Congress, November 19, 1973
You may be asking yourself is this the law, and if so where is it, read the
following:
In Title 12 U.S.C, in section 95b you'll find the following codification of the
Emergency War Powers:
"The actions, regulations, rules, licenses, orders and proclamations heretofore or
hereafter taken, promulgated, made, or issued by the President of the United
States or the Secretary of the Treasury since March 4, 1933, pursuant to the
authority conferred by subsection (b) of section 5 of the Act of October 6, 1917,
as amended (12 U.S.C., 95a), are hereby approved and confirmed."
(March 9, 1933, c. 1, Title 1, 1, 48 Stat. 1)
So you can further understand the word Alien Enemy and what it means to be
declared an enemy of this government, read the following definitions:
The phrase Alien Enemy is defined in Bouvier's Law Dictionary as: One who owes
allegiance to the adverse belligerent. 1 Kent 73.
He who owes a temporary but not a permanent allegiance is an alien enemy in
respect to acts done during such temporary allegiance only; and when his
allegiance terminates, his hostile character terminates also; 1 B. & P. 163.
Alien enemies are said to have no rights, no privileges, unless by the king's
special favor, during time of war; 1 Bla. Com. 372; Bynkershoek 195; 8 Term 166.
[Remember we've been under a declared state of war since October 6, 1917, as
amended March 9, 1933 to include every United States citizen.]
"The phrase Alien Enemy is defined in Words and Phrases as:
Residence of person in territory of nation at war with United States was
sufficient to characterize him as "alien enemy" within Trading with the Enemy Act,
even if he had acquired and retained American citizenship." Matarrese v.
Matarrese, 59 A.2d 262, 265, 142 N.J. Eq. 226.
"Residence or doing business in a hostile territory is the test of an "alien
enemy: within meaning of Trading with the Enemy Act and Executive Orders
thereunder."
Executive Order March 11, 1942, No. 9095, as amended, 50 U.S.C.A. Appendix 6;
Trading with the Enemy Act 5 (b). In re Oneida Nat. Bank & Trust Co. of Utica, 53
N.Y.S. 2d. 416, 420, 421, 183 Misc. 374.
"By the modern phrase, a man who resides under the allegiance and protection of a
hostile state for commercial purposes is to be considered to all civil purposes as
much an `alien enemy' as if he were born there."
Hutchinson v. Brock, 11 Mass. 119, 122.
Am I done with the proof? Not quite, believe it or not it gets worse. I have
established that war has been declared against the American people and their
children. The American people that voted for the 1933 government were responsible
for Congress' actions, because Congress was there in their proxy. What is one of
the actions taken against an enemy during time of War. In the Constitution the
Congress was granted the power during the time of war to grant Letters of Marque.
What is a letter of Marque? Well, read the following:
A commission granted by the government to a private individual, to take the
property of a foreign state, as a reparation for an injury committed by such
state, its citizens or subjects. The prizes so captured are divided between the
owners of the privateer, the captain, and the crew.
Bouvier's Law Dictionary 1914.
Think about the mission of the IRS, they are a private organization, or their
backup, the ATF. These groups have been granted letters of Marque, read the
following:
"The trading with the enemy Act, originally and as amended, in strictly a war
measure, and finds its sanction in the provision empowering Congress "to declare
war, grant letters of Marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on
land and water." Stoehr v. Wallace 255 U.S.
Under the Constitution the Power of the Government had its checks and balances,
power was divided between the three branches of government. To do anything else
means you no longer have a Constitutional government. I'm not even talking about
the obvious which we have already covered, read the following:
"The Secretary of the Treasury and/or the Attorney General may require, by means
of regulations, rulings, instructions, or otherwise, any person to keep a full
record of, and to furnish under oath, in the form of reports or otherwise, from
time to time and at any time or times, complete information relative to, any
transaction referred to in section 5 (b) of the Act of October 6, 1917." Title 12
Banks and Banking page 570.
How about Clinton's new Executive Order of June 6, 1994 where the Alphabet
agencies are granted their own power to obtain money and the military if need be
to protect themselves. These are un-elected officials, sounds un-Constitutional to
me, but read on.
"The delegations of authority in this Order shall not affect the authority of any
agency or official pursuant to any other delegation of presidential authority,
presently in effect or hereafter made, under section 5 (b) of the act of October
6, 1917, as amended (12 U.S.C. 95a)"
How can the President delegate to un-elected officials power that he was elected
to have, and declare that it cannot be taken away, by the voters or the courts or
Congress? I tell you how under martial law, under the War Powers Act. The American
public is asleep and is unaware nor do they care about what is going on, because
it may interfere with their making money. I guess Thomas Jefferson was right
again:
"...And to preserve their independence, we must not let our rulers load us with
perpetual debt. We must make our election between economy and liberty or profusion
and servitude. If we run into such debts as that we must be taxed in our meat and
in our drink, in our necessaries and our comforts, in our labors and our
amusements, for our callings and our creeds, as the people of England are, our
people, like them, must come to labor sixteen hours in the twenty-four, and give
the earnings of fifteen of these to the government for their debts and daily
expenses; and the sixteenth being insufficient to afford us bread, we must live,
as they now do, on oatmeal and potatoes; have not time to think, no means of
calling the mismanager's to account; but be glad to obtain subsistence by hiring
ourselves to rivet their chains on the necks of our fellow sufferers..." (Thomas
Jefferson) THE MAKING OF AMERICA, p. 395
Submitted January 28
"Lloyd Bentsen, of Texas, to be U.S. Governor of the International Monetary Fund
for a term of 5 years; U.S. Governor of the International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development for a term of 5 years; U.S. Governor of the Inter-American
Development Bank for a term of 5 years; U.S. Governor of the African Development
Bank for a term of 5 years; U.S. Governor of the Asian Development Bank; U.S.
Governor of African Development Fund; and U.S. Governor of the European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development." Presidential Documents, February 1, 1993.
At the same time, Bentsen was the Secretary of Treasury. Gee I don't know, this
sounds like a conflict of entrust to me, how about you? Also the Congress is the
only one under the Constitution to be able to appropriate money.
"Without limitation as to any other powers or authority of the Secretary of the
Treasury or the Attorney General under any other provision of this Order, the
Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and empowered to prescribe from time to
time regulations, rulings, and instructions to carry out the purposes of this
Order and to provide therein or otherwise the conditions under which licenses may
be granted by or through such officers or agencies as the Secretary of the
Treasury may designate, and the decision of the Secretary with respect to the
granting, denial or other disposition of an application or license shall be
final."
Section 7, Title 12 U.S.C. Banks and Banking
How about a few months ago when Secretary of Treasury Ruban sent tons of money to
Mexico, without Congress' approval. Do the issues I have brought up sound like
this is a Constitutional government to you? I have not covered the main nexus, the
money.
If you would like to read about this, read my other papers, The History of Lawful
Money and A Country Defeated In Victory. Sheriff .... I am one man fighting a
giant with a fly swatter (the pen). If you are bold enough to jerk the flags with
a fringe on them out and put back the U. S. flag, just make sure you protect you
backside. Before you do this, make sure your constituents in your county are made
aware of this information. Because if you do this you will find the whole U.S.
government against you and for sure they will cut off all money to your county in
the short term, and in the long term, do whatever is necessary to remove you. I
didn't make this information up, it is the government's own documents and legal
definitions taken from their dictionaries. I wish the hard working Americans in
the government that are loyal to an American Republic could read this, the more
that know the truth the better.
James Franklin Montgomery
The United States is still a British Colony; Part 1
The United States is still a British Colony; Part 2
The United State is still a British Colony; Part 3
Return to American Patriot Network

"When the 39th Congress assembled on December 5, 1865, the Senators and
Representatives from the 25 northern States voted to deny seats in both Houses of
Congress to anyone elected from the 11 southern States. The full complement of
Senators from the 36 States of the Union was 72, and the full membership in the
House was 240. Since it requires only a majority vote (see Article I, Section 5,
Constitution of the United States) to refuse a seat in Congress, only the 50
Senators and 182 Congressmen from the North were seated. All of the 22 Senators
and 58 Representatives from the southern States were denied seats."
"Joint Resolution No. 48, proposing the Fourteenth Amendment, was a matter of
great concern to the Congress and to the people of the Nation. In order to have
this proposed Amendment submitted to the 36 States for ratification, it was
necessary that two thirds of each house concur. A count of noses showed that only
33 Senators were favorable to the measure, and 33 was a far cry from two thirds of
72 and lacked one of being two thirds of the 50 seated Senators."
"While it requires only a majority of votes to refuse a seat to a Senator, it
requires a two thirds majority to unseat a member once he is seated. (see Article
I, Section 5, Constitution of the United States."
"One John P. Stockton was seated on December 5, 1865, as one of the Senators from
New Jersey. He was outspoken in his opposition to Joint Resolution No. 48
proposing the Fourteenth Amendment. The leadership in the Senate, not having
control of two ;thirds of the seated Senators, voted to refuse to seat Mr.
Stockton upon the ground that he had received only a plurality and not a majority
of the votes of the New Jersey legislature. It was the law of New Jersey, and
several other States, that a plurality vote was sufficient for election. Besides,
the Senator had already been seated. Nevertheless, his seat was -refused- and the
33 favorable votes thus became the required two thirds of the 49 members of the
Senate."
"In the House of Representatives it would require 122 votes to be two thirds of
the 182 ;members seated. Only 120 voted for the proposed Amendment, but because
there were 30 abstentions it was declared to have been passed by a two thirds vote
of the House."
Dyett v. Turner 439 p2d 266 @ 269, 20 U2d 403
The United States is still a British Colony; Part 1
The United States is still a British Colony; Part 2
The United State is still a British Colony; Part 3
Return to American Patriot Network

ADDEDUM In response that the Anglo-Saxon common law was left out of the Informer's
question, is as follows, and I do not answer for him, but this is in addition to
his response.

Britain was first invaded in 55 BC. by Julius Caesar, then again in 54 BC. In 63
AD. Joseph of Arimathea was sent by the Pope in Rome to try and establish the
Catholic Church in Britain.
In 77 AD. Britain was taken over through conquest by Rome. The Imperial governor
Julius Agricola was put in place to rule over Rome's new territory. Britain was as
of 77 AD. subject to Rome, with Roman law.
In 407 AD. Emperor Constantine III withdrew the Roman troops from Britain leaving
a political vacuum. The Celts (Irish), and the Vikings (Scandinavians) saw an
opening to obtain land. In 410 AD. Britain won its independence from Rome, when
the Goths ransacked Rome.

In 446 AD. the British government sought help to defeat the invading arms of the
northern countries. Rome was unable to send troops because it was defending itself
from Attila the Hun. So Rome offered mercenaries to aid Britain, Britain hired
these barbaric mercenaries which were from northern Germany, they as you know are
called Saxons.

In 450 AD. the Saxon barbarians began to massacre the Britons and take their land,
in this manner they occupied the country of Britain. The Saxons were pagans some
believed the Druid religion, others worshiped the same gods Rome worshiped,
mercury and Venus, etc. etc.

The long and short of it is the Saxons were not responsible for a Common law by
themselves. They were not Christians and did not support Cannon or ecclesiastical
law, and their law was influenced greatly by Roman law. The major difference was
the Saxon king called himself king of the English, and William the Conqueror
called himself king of England, meaning, William the Conqueror claimed he owned
the land and the Saxon king made no such claims. Under Saxon law citizen meant
freeman, and under Roman law, continuing in England in 1066 under William
Conqueror, citizen meant subject. Under both systems you were forced to pay taxes
to support the government. A tax payer is always a subject, so under William the
Conqueror, he left no doubt as to your status, the Saxon kings were more subtle,
the outcome is the same. Taxation and the subjection it confirms, is not always a
bad thing. It depends on the government. Case in point, those that are Christians,
are subject to Jesus Christ and are taxed 10% to support His government.

Look at what happened at Runnymede with the Magna Charta, the Barons thought they
were gaining freedom, by the king granting them rights under the Charta. However,
if they had stopped to read the 1213 Charta, wherein the king granted and ceded
the Pope all of his lands, they would have known the king could not grant the
rights without the blessing of the Pope. Did not the Pope sign off on the Charta
of 1215, as a party to the Contract? Ask yourself this, did the granted rights end
their tax obligations to the king, or the Pope? No. So is the granting of rights a
problem or hinderance to the money lenders? No. Did the 1215 Charta in anyway
overturn the obligations of the 1213 Charta? No, and they could not. Here is
another reason.

Guess what America, and the rest of the free world, that claim their rights come
from the Magna Charta, which was ratified by Pope Innocent III and of course the
king under duress on June 15, 1215, on August 24, 1215, Pope Innocent III Declared
that the Magna Charta was null and void, [(Geary) 49.3 August 24, 1215
parliamentary origins in England, Internet Medieval Source Book.]

I just found this, I do not have a copy of the above declaration at this time, it
has been copyrighted, the book will have to be purchased, if it is still
available. I won't speculate as to why it is kept in copyright and not released to
the public as most other medieval documents have been.

To continue, Edward I, in 1297 was forced to re-declare the 1215 Magna Charta,
because the Pope forbid his monks and bishops etc. etc., to pay taxes to the king,
so the king began to tax the Barons again, and they drew their swords. King
Edwards action holds less weight than that of his predecessor king John, because
as of August 24, 1215 the Charta was an invalid document. Not
to mention the issue I raised earlier concerning debt obligations of a previous
Charter could not be voided.

The Pope by his confirmation of the Magna Charta was jerking the chains of the
Barons, so to speak. As I said in earlier papers, there was no way the Pope would
give up what was granted/ceded to him in the 1213 Charter. The Magna Charta could
not void an earlier Charter which contained a debt obligation between parties,
without all parties agreeing. Since the parties
of the 1213 Charter would continue to be born, it was an unrevocable trust.

As example, read the 1689 Declaration of Rights, which became law. Did it, or
could it overturn any financial obligations under previous Charters? No. Read the
third section of the 1689 Declaration of Rights. It says if any provision of the
Declaration comes into conflict with earlier Charters, the Declaration will be as
if it were never written. If you do not have a copy of all the above cited
material let the Informer or I know and we can supply you with the relevant
material.

Do you see how not only Americans, but the entire world have been conned into
thinking we are free? Every time the king has been challenged, the king grants
rights to the combatants and they go home saying "WE WON", however nothing
changed, because the king retained his power to tax, through previous Charters and
new tax obligations created by accepting the kings benefits.

Another example, the Declaration of Independence and the war of Independence that
followed, is no different than any other time in the history in challenging the
king. The king said OK, I will grant my created Corporations, the states,
Independence and allow them to establish their own governments. But wait the
governors retained the power granted by the king and the council of state. The
states then consolidated their corporate Charters under one Charter, called the
U.S. Constitution. Could the tax obligations of previous Charters be removed by
our Declaration of
Independence, or a war which did not remove the control of the king, which is
obvious since in the peace Treaty of Paris he was granting us land? No.

No where in the 1783 Paris peace treaty will you find granted rights to the
inhabitants of the states. No where in the treaty will you find where the taxes of
gold, silver and copper (mineral rights) were ceded to the states. So much for
allodial title in the states, freeman status and allodial title are synonymous,
you can't have one without the other. Since the king did not cede all of his
corporate enterprise he retained his taxation and the subjection of those that
enjoy his benefits.

"YIELDlNG AND PAYING yearly, to us, our heirs and Successors, for the same, the
yearly Rent of Twenty Marks of Lawful money of England, at the Feast of All
Saints, yearly, forever, The First
payment thereof to begin and be made on the Feast of All Saints which shall be in
the year of Our Lord One thousand six hundred Sixty and five; AND also, the fourth
part of all Gold and Silver Ore which, with the limits aforesaid, shall, from time
to time, happen to be found."
(Feast of All Saints occurred November 1 of each year.) The Carolina Charter, 1663

"SAVING always, the Faith, Allegiance, and Sovereign Dominion due to us, our heirs
and Successors, for the same; and Saving also, the right, title, and interest of
all and every our Subjects of the English Nation which are now Planted within the
Limits bounds aforesaid, if any be;..." The Carolina Charter, 1663

"KNOW YE, that We, of our further grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, HAVE
thought fit to Erect the same Tract of Ground, Country, and Island into a
Province, and, out of the fullness of our Royal power and Prerogative, WE Do, for
us, our heirs and Successors, Erect, Incorporate, and Ordain the same into a
province, and do call it the Province of CAROLINA, and so from henceforth will
have it called..." The Carolina Charter, 1663

Nothing has changed the parties of interest still rule. It is our pitiful lack of
knowledge and understanding of history, which causes us to hang our hats
(Independence) on documents that maintain and did not change our subjection. Does
this sound familiar to what has happened to the blacks. They assumed, since they
were made citizens and given more rights, that they were now
free. As you know a 14th Amendment citizen is subject to its creator, who granted
their rights, the corporation and the trusties, subject to the contracting
parties, the Crown and the Pope. Maybe, now you know why history repeats itself,
it has the same authors.

James Montgomery Sui Juris Servant of Jesus Christ

Hey Al,

Just got back from deer hunting, sitting on the side of a tree 30 ft. in the air
is a great place to think. I remembered a quote I was wanting to tell you about.
In the book Pete sent us, there is a quote that leaves no doubt as to who George
Washington was loyal to.

"In May, 1775, Washington said: 'If you ever hear of me joining in any such
measure [as separation from Great Britain], you have my leave to set me down for
everything wicked'- He also said: 'It is not wish or interest of the government
[meaning Massachusetts], or of any other upon this continent, separately or
collectively, to set up for independence'"
Ingersoll, North American Review, CLV. No.2, August, 1892, p. 183, also quote in
Sources of the Constitution of the United States, c. Ellis
Stevens, 1927, page 36.

In reading the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, vol I, 1789-1897 I

discovered the following:
Gentlemen of the Senate:

Pursuant to the powers vested in me by the act entitled "An act repealing after
the last day of June next the duties heretofore laid upon distilled spirits
imported from abroad and laying others in their stead, and also upon spirits
distilled within the United States, and for appropriating the same," I have
thought fit to divide the United States into the following districts, namely: The
district of New Hampshire, to consist of the State of New Hampshire; the district
of Massachusetts, to consist of the
State of Massachusetts; the district of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations,
to consist of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations; the district
of Connecticut, to consist of the State of Connecticut; the district of Vermont,
to consist of the State of Vermont; the district of New York, to consist of the
State of New York; the district of New Jersey, to consist of the State of New
Jersey; the district of Pennsylvania, to consist of the State of Pennsylvania; the
district of Delaware, to consist of the State of Delaware; the district of
Maryland, to consist of the State of Maryland; the district of Virginia, to
consist of the State of Virginia; the district of North Carolina, to consist of
the State of North Carolina; the district of South Carolina; and the district of
Georgia, to consist of the State of the State of Georgia .Page 99 March 4, 1791
In George Washington's Proclamation of March 30, 1791 he declares the district of
Columbia to be created and it's borders established, he says further: "And
Congress by an amendatory act passed on the 3rd day of the present month of March
have given further authority to the President of the United States...."

This explains completely why after a short time in office Washington created
federal District States for all the states. The point being Congress outside their
authority, extended and gave monarchial powers to the President of the United
States, in violation of the spirit of the Constitution and the Tenth Amendment.
One day after George Washington is given this authority, he declares the States
are now controlled by the District State. This makes the State Courts, marshals,
right down to the counties subject to the federal government. Because the District
State was a overlay of State boundaries it removed the State borders, in violation
of the Constitution wherein it is declared, the State are guaranteed a Republican
form of government. Creation of the District States was and is a
violation of the 1787 Constitution of the United States, and the trust it created.
This replaced the States in Union with the District States in Union formally known
as the States of ......This was also necessary for the newly formed Bank of the
United States, February 25, 1791, to do business in the State of......, but is
actually the District State. Subjection of the States of..... was complete, all
that was necessary was for a permanent state of war to exist, such as we have had
since the Civil War, to invoke statutory law over the enemy, requiring them to
obey all license requirements, because enemies have no rights in an occupied
territory.
Washington declared, under the War Powers, acting as Commander-in-Chief, that the
States of the Union were now overlaid by District States, which as I think you
know, removes the States boundaries as a matter of sovereignty, violating the
Constitutional guarantee of a Republican form of government to the States in
Union, Article 4, sec. 4, which cannot take place if delegated authority is taken
under the War Powers, not ceded by the Charter/Constitution.

The Constitution granted legislative authority to Congress only over a ten square
mile District, making Congress the supreme authority, Article 1, sec. 1., sec.
8.18, over the District. Washington extend this District without Constitutional
authority. This is how Congress under Article 1, sec. 8.1 taxes everything. This
why the Courts have said the 16th Amendment created no new taxing power.

Also, the counties and the sheriffs became subject to, and creations of the
District States, Washington put in place officers of the District to oversee the
State Districts. As a result of the military rule imposed by Washington, a tax was
imposed on liqueur, and under direction of Washington the District courts and
Appeals courts were ordered to enforce collection and fines and imprisonment of
anyone defying the laws of the United States. THESE DISTRICTS CREATED BY GEORGE
WASHINGTON HAVE NEVER BEEN REMOVED.

Robert, you need to read what Washington, declared again, I did not declare it, I
did not write it, so I do not have anything backwards.

First of all, the Judicial Districts you are referring to were created by the
Judiciary Act of 1789, two years before Washington said Congress gave him
additional powers, thereby HE created District States, so the federal government
could use the militias to crush the tax protesters in Pennsylvania, by
Washington's order. Since the Judicial Districts already existed, why did they as
you suggest, recreate them? If the District States were already created as you
suggest, would it not be redundant to create them again? Washington said he was
dividing the United States into District States. He said DIVIDING THE STATES,
listen, DIVIDING THE STATES, not creating districts in the states, DIVIDING THE
STATES into DISTRICTS, changing them, or you would not DIVIDE THEM, because the
states were already divided. How can you DIVIDE, SEPARATE the states, made by the
state and federal Charters/Constitutions? Why do this when Congress already had
the power to put down rebellion, Article I, section 8, U.S. Constitution? This was
an excuse to DIVIDE the states into DISTRICTS, extending the jurisdiction of the
District of Columbia/Congress and delegating to the President, authority given to
Congress to suppress insurrection, under art. I, sec. 8.

Second, the use of any military power before Congress declares war, by direction
of the President is done by him as Commander-in-Chief. Until Congress declares war
they cannot stop the President unless they impeach him, or when they declare war
they can stop the President with their power of the purse, unless the President
were to then declare a national emergency, as Commander-in-Chief, overriding
Congress, in effect declaring himself king, or in our case anyone holding that
office, which we now have. I disagree with the un-Constitutional emergency powers
claimed by the President, but unless the Judiciary declares the President out of
line, you or I cannot change this, unless you or I were elected President, and
declared this power un-Constitutional, but Congress would then impeach you or I to
protect public policy. Around and Around it goes. Again this power comes from
their operating under executive jurisdiction, insular capacity, see DOWNES v.
BIDWELL, 182 U.S. 244 (1901), which was allowed by the Judiciary, beginning with
what Washington did. Because it was up to the Judiciary to declare what Congress
was doing as un-Constitutional, and up to Washington to not take power delegated
to Congress. This power was affirmed by the Congressional Act of 1845, and in the
1850's by the insular cases. This set the stage for Lincoln to
begin the executive orders, and here we are.

Third, the Districts Washington created answered directly to the Commander-in-

Chief, not Congress. In order for these Districts to be created by the President,
Congress had to give the President power outside of the Constitution, as declared
by Washington himself. Martial law can be used as soon as the military is called
upon to put down insurrection or fight a war. Washington created District States,
not state districts, and the military occupied the Pennsylvania District until the
insurgents went home, Washington said these Districts were created for putting
down the rebellion, however they were never disbanded when the rebellion ended.
The fact that you say you can't see something, with all due respect does not
change reality. Below you will see how Lincoln codified the war powers. You can
download the whole general order 100, or ask me and I will email it to you, along
with court cases and definitions on the same subject.

Martial Law - Military jurisdiction - Military necessity - Retaliation

"Article 1. A place, district, or country occupied by an enemy stands, in

consequence of the occupation, under the Martial Law of the invading or occupying
army, whether any proclamation
declaring Martial Law, or any public warning to the inhabitants, has been issued
or not. Martial Law is the immediate and direct effect and consequence of
occupation or conquest.

The presence of a hostile army proclaims its Martial Law.

Art. 2. Martial Law does not cease during the hostile occupation, except by
special proclamation, ordered by the commander in chief; or by special mention in
the treaty of peace concluding the war, when the occupation of a place or
territory continues beyond the conclusion of peace as one of the conditions of the
same.
Art. 3. Martial Law in a hostile country consists in the suspension, by the
occupying military authority, of the criminal and civil law, and of the domestic
administration and government in the occupied place or territory, and in the
substitution of military rule and force for the same, as well as in the dictation
of general laws, as far as military necessity requires this suspension,
substitution, or dictation. The commander of the forces may proclaim that the
administration of all civil and penal law shall continue either wholly or in part,
as in times of peace, unless otherwise ordered by the military authority."
{Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field,
prepared by Francis Lieber, LL.D., Originally Issued as General Orders No. 100,
Adjutant General's Office, 1863, Washington 1898: Government Printing Office.}

Marty the information continues to pour in, in support of the information the
Informer and I have been writing about and totally confirms, the below comments of
Sir Edmund Burke, read the following quote, just one of many from his speech:

"If America gives you taxable objects on which you lay your duties here, and gives
you, at the same time, a surplus by a foreign sale of her commodities to pay the
duties on these objects which you tax at home, she has performed her part to the
British revenue. But with regard to her own internal establishments, she may, I
doubt not she will, contribute in moderation. I say in moderation, for she ought
not to be permitted to exhaust herself. She ought to be reserved to a war, the
weight of which, with the enemies that we are most likely to have, must be
considerable in her quarter of the globe. There she may serve you, and serve you
essentially. For that service - for all service, whether of revenue, trade, or
empire - my trust is in her interest in the British Constitution. My hold of the
Colonies is in the close affection which grows from common names, from kindred
blood, from similar privileges, and equal protection. These are ties which,
through light as air, are as strong as links of iron. Let the Colonists always
keep the idea of their civil rights associated with your government, they will
cling and grapple to you, and no force under heaven will be of power to tear them
from their allegiance."
Burke on Conciliation with the Colonies, March 22, 1775, pages 71,72, published by
Allyn and Bacon

"In May, 1775, Washington said: 'If you ever hear of me joining in any such
measure [as separation from Great Britain], you have my leave to set me down for
everything wicked'- He also said: 'It is not wish or interest of the government
[meaning Massachusetts], or of any other upon this continent, separately or
collectively, to set up for independence'" Ingersoll, North American Review, CLV.
No.2, August, 1892, p. 183, also quote in Sources of the Constitution of the
United States, c. Ellis
Stevens, 1927, page 36.

Marty John Jay, one of the men to construct and sign the Peace Treaty of 1783 and
the sole man responsible for the Jay Treaty of 1795, he made very clear by his
statements that he did not want Independence from England. And as Burke said above
you can believe you are free and still be subject to England.

"Jay did not favor independence from Britain. His absence from the signing of the
Declaration of Independence was noted by Thomas Jefferson."
Copyright c 1995 by LeftJustified Publiks. All rights reserved.

Marty to prove what Sir Edmund Burke said is possible and was part of the plan of
the king, you need to look at the 1213 Charter and the 1689 Declaration of Rights.
Because of space limitations I was not able to include them in this email, but
will send them to you if you want them. I included them in British Colony part
III. The following is a section from my addendum from British Colony part III:

ADDENDUM

I have just discovered the following two endnotes. They completely confirm in a
very finial way my research in British Colony parts 1, 2 and 3, and the Informer's
research and book "The New History Of America". If you will study the following
papers, the Magna Carta and our Bill of Rights, and come to an understanding of
their similarities. Then re-read the Charters included in British Colony parts 1
and 2, keeping in mind the issues I raised, then read the following commentary.

"The two main issues as I see them in British Colony are; one, the financial
obligations of the 1213 Charter En #1, are still in effect, along with the
Charters establishing America. Two, the last sentence of the 1689 Bill of Rights
En #2, proves the following:"

"That the Charters of the Colonies could never be overturned by a Declaration of

Independence, or the 1787 treaty, otherwise known as the Constitution, I'm talking
about the real subject matter, financial obligation. Title for the land was
transferred to the states and then ceded by Charter to the federal government
under Cestui que trust, but the contracted debt and obligation of the Colonial
Charters, and the 1213 Charter could not be negated. Rights could be granted to
the citizens, subjects or combatants, which ever the case may be, but the
financial obligation cannot, nor could not be affected, because it involves
parties not yet born. This why King William said, the 1689 Bill of Rights would
not free the kingdom from the obligation of the 1213 Charter. This is why the
United States Bank was given right of Charter in America. George Washington had no
choice but to succumb to the Rothchilds point man, Hamilton. Talk about deja vu, I
mean does this not sound familiar. Our Bill of Rights was given to us, to give us
the illusion of freedom. When the tax obligation of the Charters above marched
along un-impeded and un-seen, by Americans and Britons alike. Read the Magna Carta
again, they wanted the Pope's blessing for the 1215 Charter, this same Pope is the
Pope in the 1213 Charter where England and Ireland were given to him. He could not
just give back his land, because of other parties not yet born. The Pope let the
barons presume they were free and gave his blessing to the 1215 Magna Carta,
knowing to do so would in no way lawfully overturn the grant made to him in the
1213 Charter. Also, it is apparent, it was recognized as law that you could not
even create a Charter, wherein you declared a previous grant or Charter null in
void unless the relevant parties agreed. How can a Charter be made void if parties
to the Charter will never cease to be born, an heir can always be found. To prove
this, again what did the new king William do, even though the previous monarchy
had come to an end, its obligations did not, this is why he had to included
paragraph III, a clause to protect the other parties of an earlier Charter."

Statue of 32. Hen. VIII c. 84. (1540)

Marty to further prove our point read the following previous email I sent out so
as not to replicate work:

" You will have to read the below statute many times to understand what the king
is saying. It was obviously made to be vague and ambiguous, it contains two
sentences, the first is 658 words long, the second is 166 words long, not counting
punctuation. I have included the following commentary to help your understanding
of the below statute.

The king is saying that some of the representatives of the Catholic Church and
some of his subjects have received grants of land from the king. The king is also
saying they are in violation of certain provisions contained in the grants and
land patents. Portions of these grants and land patents were granted to 3rd party
entities by his 1st party grantees, through the kings grants and charters, having
been granted to them. Because of contractual provisions contained in the grants
and land patents being violated, the land was declared to revert back to the
original grantees who received grants from the king.

As stated in section 1, this statute deals with land twice removed from the king;
to preserve the clarity of his grants and land patents, in conjunction with the
law of mortmain. You will see that the 1st party grantors, included ecclesiastical
and religious persons, as well as secular. This statute does not change grants
between the king, and the 1st party grantees and land patentees.

#7, section I should make you think. If any tax or rent due, (as declared in #5,
section I), under the kings grants or Charters, are not paid, the land reverts
back to the king, as if the Grants and Charters were never written. This is the
same language of intent, used in the 1689 Declaration of Rights, third section,
and the 25 section, in the 1776 North Carolina Bill of Rights, of the North
Carolina 1776 Constitution, which established the North Carolina Corporation.

In section II, the king extends this statue to all grants made by him, now or in
the future. The key and purpose to this statute is contained in #2, section I, no
stranger is to enjoy a benefit of any Grant or Charter, if they are not a grantee
and benefactor, without paying a rent or tax, see #5, section I. The
main target of this statute was the Catholic Church, because they were not paying
the tax due under the grants made to them. However, as shown in previous email the
Vatican owned the land
they were being taxed for, under the 1213 Charter. I am sure this is why the
Vatican refused to pay a tax, because the owner of the land does not tax himself.

Since the states were the benefactors from the 1783 Peace Treaty, not the
inhabitants, and they later transferred their original Grant from the king to the
United States Constitution/Corporation, making the inhabitants of the states
strangers, maybe now you know how and why we are taxed, and when
the tax is not paid, the land reverts back to the benefactor of the of the kings
original land grants, the United States Corporation, the trustee administering the
trust/Constitution/Charter.

Nothing has changed since the days of William the Conqueror I, where taxes were
levied based on the record of the land holdings written down in the Domesday Book,
used by the Exchequer
to tax the benefactors of the kings grants. Today the same procedure is followed,
continued under the Charters creating this country. The king established the rent-
roll tax in the states based on the counties record of all titles, which are now
used by the Exchequer/Federal Reserve to tax the stranger, levy or foreclose on
the ryot-tenure, as defined in Black's Law Dictionary, 4th ed..

"A system of land-tenure, where the government takes the place of landowners and
collects the rent by means of tax gatherers. The farming is done by poor peasants,
(ryots), who find the capital, so far as there is any, and also do the work. The
system exists in Turkey, Egypt, Persia, and other Eastern countries, and in a
modified form in British India. After slavery, it is accounted the worst of all
systems, because the government can fix the rent at what it pleases, and it is
difficult to distinguish between rent and taxes." Black's Law Dictionary, 4th ed.

I want to inject a big however, the king and the Vatican are both in violation of
the LAW, they do not have ownership of the land, or have perfected land title, no
matter what their Charters and land patents say. Why? Who is the original Grantor
of land? God Almighty. Not the King or the Pope, their claim to the land to the
detriment of the righteous will be revoked. Who did He intrust the land to? The
Church (government), the Christians, trustees of Christ's Kingdom. Are not the
riches of the world stored up for the righteous? Do not the kingdoms of the world,
become the Kingdom of Christ, upon his return? So who are the true benefactors of
the one and only Lawful land Grant? The
servants of Jesus Christ!

I asked the Informer to run this statute on RightWriter to see how it would grade
the reading level of this statute. It has a reading grade level of a 17th grade
level, that is as high as the program goes.
READABILITY INDEX: 16.97

4th 6th 8th 10th 12th 14th

|****|****|****|****|****|****|****|****|****|****|
SIMPLE | ------ GOOD ----- | COMPLEX
Readers need a 17th grade level of education.
The writing is complex and may be difficult to read.

The Informer also tried to run it on Grammatik and program went bonkers. If you
have a hard time understanding this statute, don't be surprised. You will be in
good company, our fore fathers with their high level of education would have a
hard time understanding this statute. By the way, the Informer has said since his
early book "Which One Are You", that we were still subject to the king and under
the ryot-tenure system, since the inception of this country.

Under The Statues of 32. Hen. VIII c. 84. (1540)

(a) Parties

St. 32 Hen. VIII. c. 84,--Where before this time divers, as well temporal as
ecclesiastical and religious persons, have made sundry leases, demises and grants
to divers other persons, of sundry manors, lordships, forms, meases, lands,
tenements, meadows, pastures, or other hereditaments, for term of life or lives,
or for term of years, by writing under their seal or seals, containing certain
conditions, covenants and agreements to be performed, as well on the part and
behalf of the said lessees and grantees, their executors and assigns, as on the
behalf of the said lessors and grantors, their heirs and successors; (2) and
forasmuch as by the common law of this realm, no stranger to
any covenant, action or condition, shall take any advantage or benefit of the
same, by any means or ways in the law, but only such as be parties or privies
thereunto, by the reason whereof, as well all grantee of reversions, as also all
grantees and patentees of the King our sovereign lord, of sundry manors,
lordships, granges, forms, meases, lands tenements, meadows, pastures, or other
hereditaments late belonging to monasteries, and other religious and
ecclesiastical houses dissolved, suppressed, renounced, relinquished, forfeited,
given up, or by other means come to the hands and possession of the King's majesty
since the fourth day of February the seven and twentieth
year of his most noble reign, be excluded to have any entry or action against the
said lessees and grantees, their executors or assigns, which the lessors for the
breach of any condition, covenant or agreement comprised in the indentures of
their said leases, demises and grants: (3) be it therefore enacted by the King our
sovereign lord, the lords spiritual and temporal, and the commons, in this present
parliament assembled, and by authority of the same, That as well all and every
person and
persons, and bodies politic, their heirs, successors and assigns, which have or
shall have any gift or grant of our said sovereign lord by his letters patents of
any lordships, manors, lands, tenements, rents, parsonages, tithes, portions, or
any other hereditaments, or of any reversion or reversions of the same, which did
belong or appertain to any of the said monasteries, and other religious and
ecclesiastical houses, dissolved, suppressed, relinquished, forfeited, or by any
other means come to the King's hands since the said fourth day of February the
seven and twentieth year of his most noble reign, or which at any time heretofore
did belong or appertain to any other person or persons, and after came to the
hands of our said sovereign lord, (4) as also all other persons being grantees or
assignees to or by our said sovereign lord the King, or to or by any other person
or persons than the King's highness, and the heirs, executors, successors and
assigns of every of them, (5) shall and may have and enjoy like advantage against
the lessees, there executors, administrators and assigns, by entry for non-payment
of the rent, or for doing of waste or other forfeiture; (6) and also shall and
may have and enjoy all and every such like, and the same advantage, benefit and
remedies by action only, for not performing of the other conditions, covenants or
agreements contained and expressed in the indentures of their said lesses, demises
or grants, against all and every the said lessees and farmers and grantees, their
executors, administrators and assigns, as the said lessors or grantors themselves,
or their heirs or successors, ought, should, or might have had and enjoyed at any
time or times, (7) in like manner and form as if the reversion of such lands,
tenements or hereditaments had not come to the hands of our said sovereign lord,
or as our said sovereign lord, his heirs and successors, should or might have had
and enjoyed in certain cases, by virtue of the act made at the first session of
this present parliament, if no such grant by letters patent had been made by His
Highness. II. Moreover be it enacted by authority aforesaid, That all farmers,
lessees and grantees of lordships, manors, lands, tenements, rents, parsonages,
tithes, portions, or any other hereditaments for term of years, life or lives,
their executors, administrators and assigns, shall and may have like action,
advantage and remedy against all and every person and persons and bodies politic,
their heirs, successors and assigns, which have or shall have any gift or grant of
the King our sovereign lord, or of any other person or persons, of the reversion
of the same manors, lands, tenements, and other hereitaments so letten, or any
parcel thereof, for any condition, covenant or agreement contained or expressed in
the indentures of their lesse or leases, as the same lessees, or any of them might
and should have had against the said lessors and grantors, their heirs and
successors; (2) all benefits and advantages of recoveries in value by reason of
any warranty in deed or in law by voucher or otherwise only excepted.Fn#1 Footnote
#1 "The Statute deals only with actions by the
assignee of the reversion against the lessee or his assignee, and actions by the
lessee or his assignee against the assignee of the reversion; and not with actions
by the lessor against the assignee of the lessee, or e contra, which actions seem
therefore to be governed by the common law." 1 Smith, L. C. (10th ed.) 74

Marty you are right, the 14th Amendment is very relevant, but I think
misunderstood on just what its implications are. If you will read British Colony
part III, I include forgotten history, that shows just how relevant the 14th
Amendment argument is. However, after you learn this information, if you do not
already know it, you will come to the conclusion the Informer and I have come to.
No reoccurring remedy will be obtained in the courts, just brief aberrations of
justice based on the demeanor or impatients of the judge, or his/her lack of self-
confidence based on the judges lack of knowledge concerning public policy. Once
the judges know their decisions will not be overturned, or their careers damaged,
defeat of patriot arguments will be swift, and the penalty for frivolous law suits
will be just as swift and increase with intolerance of the Judiciary. I don't mean
to sound like a stick in the mud, but it is true. Only through the education of
the public, coinciding with the coming financial pain, will change the publics
perception of their freedom. Unfortunately I fear it will be to late to make any
changes, until Rome self-destructs.
James Montgomery
Ken, I thought I would send you this email, in case you also are sent the original
message, like the one you just sent me, from eagleflt. You will see a quote below
from Burke, I thought I would add a few more quotes that were not in the original
message, from Burke. I can make you a copy of Burke's speech if you are
interested. It is 87 pages in total, there are many more pearls contained in his
speech. I am in the process of typing in several pages of quotes. The setting for
his speech was just before the 1776 war, he was arguing against the use of force.
The majority of the House of Commons wanted to beat the colonies into submission.
I just tonight obtained a copy of the complete work of Adam Smith, Al and I each
have different books, containing portions of his complete work. His complete work
is 800 pages, we can hook up on the modem and I could send it to you. As you will
see below from the additional quotes, if you are not yet convinced of
what I have been saying on this subject, you will be. Also, if you have ever
wondered where the American taxing system came from, there will be no doubt after
you read the below quotes from Adam Smith. The below quotes are only a portion of
what I marked in skimming his book tonight. He obviously goes into more detail, in
his 800 page book.

"But my idea of it is this; that an empire is the aggregate of many states under
one common head, whether this head be a monarch or a presiding republic."
Speech of Sir Edmund Burke, before the House of Commons, March 22, 1775

What was it Franklin said, when asked what government have you given us, in reply
he said a Republic. Our fore fathers were protecting their ass-ets and seeking to
remain subject to the
king in a hidden way. For which they were to receive further privileges. I would
love to be able to look into the old English records and see if their personal
land holdings in England increased, after the 1783 Peace Treaty and the 1787
Constitution/Charter were approved, by an unsuspecting public.

"Men may lose little in property by the act which takes away all their freedom.
When a man is robbed of a trifle on the highway, it is not the two-pence lost that
constitutes the capital outrage."
Speech of Sir Edmund Burke, before the House of Commons, March 22, 1775

"The people heard, indeed, from the beginning of these disputes, one thing
continually dinned in their ears, that reason and justice demanded that the
Americans, who paid no taxes, should be compelled to contribute."
Speech of Sir Edmund Burke, before the House of Commons, March 22, 1775

"Let us get an American revenue as we have got an American empire. English

privileges have made it all that it is; English privileges alone will make it all
it can be."
Speech of Sir Edmund Burke, before the House of Commons, March 22, 1775

"Their wealth was considered as our wealth. Whatever money was sent out to them,
it was said, came all back to us by the balance of trade, and we could never
become a farthing the poorer by any expense which we could lay out upon them. They
were our own in every respect, and it was an expense laid out upon the improvement
of our own property and for the profitable employment of our own people."
1776, AN INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF THE WEALTH OF NATIONS by Adam Smith

Need I say more, I have been ridiculed by some for what I have said, in respect to
our continued subjection to England, and I am sure Al has to. The above quote is
further evidence that the king did not relinquish his contract/Charters and land
grants/patents to the United States. Instead he preserved his ability to receive
gain through his taxes for his investment. The below quotes will make you realize
that the present tax system was put in place by the king and is completely
British, and the way they chose to continue to receive the king's profit from his
investment, as declared in his Charters. The federal reserve was also placed here
by the Crown, which is proven in the Congressional Record, included in this
message and what was included in the Banking paper I did. It is so clear I could
even prove it to the average American, given the time, money and opportunity to
present it.

"Before I enter upon the examination of particular taxes, it is necessary to

premise the four following maxims with regard to taxes in general.
I. The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the
government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective abilities;
that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the
protection of the state. The expense of government to the individuals of a great
nation is like the expense of management to the joint tenants of a great estate,
who are all obliged to contribute in proportion to their respective interests in
the estate. In the observation or neglect of this maxim consists what is called
the equality or inequality of taxation. Every tax, it must be observed once for
all, which falls finally upon one only of the three sorts of revenue above
mentioned, is necessarily unequal in so far as it does not affect the other two.
In the following examination of different taxes I shall seldom take much further
notice of this sort of inequality, but shall, in most cases, confine my
observations to that inequality which is occasioned by a particular tax falling
unequally even upon that particular sort of private revenue which is affected by
it. II. The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be certain, and not
arbitrary. The time of payment, the manner of payment, the quantity to be paid,
ought all to be clear and plain to the contributor, and to every other person.
Where it is otherwise, every person subject to the tax is put more or less in the
power of the tax-gathered, who can either aggravate the tax upon any obnoxious
contributor, or extort, by the terror of such aggravation, some present or
perquisite to himself. The uncertainty of taxation encourages the insolence and
favours the corruption of an order of men who are naturally unpopular, even where
they are neither insolent nor corrupt. The certainty of what each individual ought
to pay is, in taxation, a matter of so great importance that a very considerable
degree of inequality, it appears, I believe, from the experience of all nations,
is not near so great an evil as a very small degree of uncertainty. III. Every tax
ought to be levied at the time, or in the manner, in which it is most likely to be
convenient for the contributor to pay it. A tax upon the rent of land or of
houses, payable at the same term at which such rents are usually paid, is levied
at the time when it is most likely to be convenient for the contributor to pay;
or, when he is most likely to have wherewithal to pay. Taxes upon such consumable
goods as are articles of luxury are all finally paid by the consumer, and
generally in a manner that is very convenient for him. He pays them by little and
little, as he has occasion to buy the goods. As he is at liberty, too, either to
buy, or not to buy, as he pleases, it must be his own fault if he ever suffers any
considerable inconveniency from such taxes. IV. Every tax ought to be so contrived
as both to take out and to keep out of the pockets of the people as little as
possible over and above what it brings into the public treasury of the state. A
tax may either take out or keep out of the pockets of the people a great deal more
than it brings into the public treasury, in the four following ways. First, the
levying of it may require a great number of officers, whose salaries may eat up
the greater part of the produce of the tax, and whose perquisites may impose
another additional tax upon the people. Secondly, it may obstruct the industry the
people, and discourage them from applying to certain branches of business which
might give maintenance and unemployment to great multitudes. While it obliges the
people to pay, it may thus diminish, or perhaps destroy, some of the funds which
might enable them more easily to do so. Thirdly, by the forfeitures and other
penalties which those unfortunate individuals incur who attempt unsuccessfully to
evade the tax, it may frequently ruin them, and thereby put an end to the benefit
which the community might have received from the employment of their capitals. An
injudicious tax offers a great temptation to smuggling. But the penalties of
smuggling must rise in proportion to the temptation. The law, contrary to all the
ordinary principles of justice, first creates the temptation, and then punishes
those who yield to it; and it commonly enhances the punishment, too, in proportion
to the very circumstance which ought certainly to alleviate it, the temptation to
commit the crime. Fourthly, by subjecting the people to the frequent visits and
the odious examination of the tax-gatherers, it may expose them to much
unnecessary trouble, vexation, and oppression; and though vexation is not,
strictly speaking, expense, it is certainly equivalent to the expense at which
every man would be willing to redeem himself from it. It is in some one or other
of these four different ways that taxes are frequently so much more burdensome to
the people than they are beneficial to the sovereign."
1776, AN INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF THE WEALTH OF NATIONS by Adam Smith

"It is not contrary to justice that both Ireland and America should contribute
towards the discharge of the public debt of Great Britain. That debt has been
contracted in support of the government established by the Revolution, a
government to which the Protestants of Ireland owe, not only the whole authority
which they at present enjoy in their own country, but every security which they
possess for their liberty, their property, and their religion; a government to
which several of the colonies of America owe their present charters, and
consequently their present constitution, and to which all the colonies of America
owe the liberty, security, and property which they have ever since enjoyed. That
public debt has been contracted in the defence, not of Great Britain alone, but of
all the different provinces of the empire; the immense debt contracted in the late
war in particular, and a great part of that contracted in the war before, were
both properly contracted in defence of America."
1776, AN INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF THE WEALTH OF NATIONS by Adam Smith

"The expense of the peace establishment of the colonies was, before the
commencement of the present disturbances, very considerable, and is an expense
which may, and if no revenue can be drawn from them ought certainly to be saved
altogether. This constant expense in time of peace, though very great, is
insignificant in comparison with what the defence of the colonies has cost us in
time of war. The last war, which was undertaken altogether on account of the
colonies, cost Great Britain, it has already been observed, upwards of ninety
millions. The Spanish war of 1739 was principally undertaken on their account, in
which, and in the French war that was the consequence of it, Great Britain spent
upwards of forty millions, a great part of which ought justly to be charged to the
colonies. In those two wars the colonies cost Great Britain much more than double
the sum which the national debt amounted to before the commencement of the first
of them. Had it not been for those wars that debt might, and probably would by
this time, have been completely paid; and had it not been for the colonies, the
former of those wars might not, and the latter certainly would not have been
undertaken. It was because the colonies were supposed to be provinces of the
British empire that this expense was laid out upon them. But countries which
contribute neither revenue nor
military force towards the support of the empire cannot be considered as
provinces. They may perhaps be considered as appendages, as a sort of splendid and
showy equipage of the empire. But if the empire can no longer support the expense
of keeping up this equipage, it ought certainly to lay it down; and if it cannot
raise its revenue in proportion to its expense, it ought, at least, to accommodate
its expense to its revenue. If the colonies, notwithstanding their refusal to
submit to British taxes, are still to be considered as provinces of the British
empire, their defence in some future war may cost Great Britain as great an
expense as it ever has done in any former war. The rulers of Great Britain have,
for more than a century past, amused the people with the imagination that they
possessed a great empire on the west side of the Atlantic. This empire, however,
has hitherto existed in imagination only. It has hitherto been, not an empire, but
the project of an empire; not a gold mine, but the project of a gold mine; a
project which has cost, which continues to cost, and which, if pursued in the same
way as it has been hitherto, is likely to cost, immense expense, without being
likely to bring any profit; for the effects of the monopoly of the colony trade,
it has been shown, are, to the great body of the people, mere loss instead of
profit."
1776, AN INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF THE WEALTH OF NATIONS by Adam Smith

That is a good question, in 1213 because the Pope had earlier withdrawn his
emissary and blessings, the king of England felt compelled to reestablish the
blessings of the Pope, thereby God's Blessings, as he believed it. It was hard to
get knights to go to the crusades and fight wars and of conquest and die without
the blessings of God Almighty. See below quotes:

11. "To those knights who render military service for their lands I grant of my
own gift that the lands of their demesne ploughs be free from all payments and all
labor, so that, having been released from so great a burden, they may equip
themselves well with horses and arms and be fully prepared for my service and the
defense of my kingdom." Charter of Liberties of Henry I, 1100

"All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the
pagans, shall have immediate remission of sins. This I grant them through the
power of God with which I am invested." Pope Urban II: Speech at Council of
Clermont, 1095, according to Fulcher of Chartres
Because of the power of the Pope to raise armies, the king had to do anything he
could to regain the blessing of the Church, via the Pope. So in 1213 by way of
Charter/trust, the king gave all of his holding to the Pope, including England and
Ireland, all that he possessed, and placed his subjects forever under the dictates
of the Pope. You can find a copy of this Charter in the, "In A Nutshell" paper I
just sent you.

So you now you know what the king did and why. Now you have to ask yourself, is
the 1213 Charter still valid law? I obviously don't have receipts from the gold
and silver taxes paid to the Pope, but there are ways to know the answer.

First, in 1689 there was a Declaration of Rights that took place after civil war
in England. Charles I was beheaded and Charles II took over the thrown, but what
took place was even more drastic than a change in monarchy. Theology and Doctrine
was turned on its head, King William declared that England and his subjects were
no longer under the Pope or the Catholic Church. Even today you can see this
division, in Ireland with the IRA who remain loyal to the Pope and Unionist that
remain loyal to the king and the Protestant doctrine stemming back to king
William. The Declaration went on to declare many rights for the subjects of king
William. Did the 1689 Declaration of Rights with the blessing of king William void
the 1213 Charter?

III. Provided that no charter or grant or pardon granted before the three and
twentieth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred eighty-
nine shall be any ways impeached or invalidated by this Act, but that the same
shall be and remain of the same force and effect in law and no other than as if
this Act had never been made.
King William's lawyers said in this section ,that if any Charter or Grant prior to
this 1689 Declaration of Rights, is contradicted by this Declaration as a matter
of law the Declaration is as if it were never written. There are several truths to
be taken from this, the obvious one is the 1213 Charter could not be invalidated
because it is a non-revokable trust, a contract. Only the parties to the contract
can void a trust. Parties to the trust continue to be born even today. Also, the
freedom imagined by the subjects was just that, imagined, remember the quotes from
Sir Edmond Burke I included in the previous email? Here is another one:

"If America gives you taxable objects on which you lay your duties here, and gives
you, at the same time, a surplus by a foreign sale of her commodities to pay the
duties on these objects which you tax at home, she has performed her part to the
British revenue. But with regard to her own internal
establishments, she may, I doubt not she will, contribute in moderation. I say in
moderation, for she ought not to be permitted to exhaust herself. She ought to be
reserved to a war, the weight of which, with the enemies that we are most likely
to have, must be considerable in her quarter of the globe. There she may serve
you, and serve you essentially. For that service - for all service, whether of
revenue, trade, or empire - my trust is in her interest in the British
Constitution. My hold of the Colonies is in the close affection which grows from
common names, from kindred blood, from similar privileges, and equal protection.
These are ties which, through light as air, are as strong as links of iron. Let
the Colonists always keep the idea of their civil rights associated with your
government, they will cling and grapple to you, and no force under heaven will be
of power to tear them from their allegiance."
Burke on Conciliation with the Colonies, March 22, 1775, pages 71,72, published by
Allyn and Bacon

As I said, king William made it clear he did not have the power, or legal
authority to void the 1213 Charter with the Pope, or any other Charter that came
into conflict with the 1689 Declaration of Rights. Now this is one witness to what
I said in British Colony parts I, II and III. So as of 1689, the 1213 Charter was
still law, is it still law today here is another witness I just got last night.

"The Bill of Rights of 1689. which is still in force as statute law and remains
our central constitutional document,..."fn # "The Bill of Rights is perhaps the
nearest approach to a constitutional code which we possess", Sir William Anson,
The law and Custom of the Constitution, (5th Edn., Oxford 1922). Bill of Rights by
Richard Munday

In Bowles v. Bank of England:

"The Bill of Rights still remains unrepealed, and no practice or custom, however
prolonged, or however acquiesced in on the part of the subject, can be relied on
by the Crown as justifying any infringement of its provisions."

And to bring this fact to the present:

"It is ironical, but perhaps unsurprising, that recent years have seen calls for a
new Bill of Rights:" cf., e.g., A. Lester, A British Bill of Rights (2nd edn.,
Institute for Public Policy Research 1996).

So to answer your question, yes Britain is still subject to Rome, unknown to the
Brits. Is it possible for such a important fact to remain hidden, the facts say
yes. Also, as the Brits recognize the 1689 Declaration of Rights to still be the
law in Britain, and their Constitution, we are faced with the same thing in this
country. Do not Americans believe themselves to be totally free, and claim the
Bill of Rights in our Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, which is
modeled after the 1215 Magna Charta? Did not Sir Edmund Burke say in the quote
above, "Let the Colonists always keep the idea of their civil rights associated
with your government, they will cling and grapple to you, and no force under
heaven will be of power to tear them from their allegiance."?

We are a colony yet today, be it unknown, lack of knowledge does not change the
facts. Just because the World was believed to be flat in the middle ages, did not
make it indeed flat. A
portion of the taxes paid to day go by treaty to Great Britain. Our tax system was
given to us by England, our Federal Reserve was given to us by the Bank of
England. The Bankruptcy of England in the 1700, and their debt was taken over by
the Rothchilds, who controlled the Bank of England. If you want to learn more
about this issue you I will send you "A Country Defeated In Victory, parts I and
II, and read the attached Congressional Record. Where did the Rothchilds get their
money,
seemingly overnight and enough to finance war and government around the world
including the United States, the Vatican? The Vatican, via, the Pope is the only
source of such immense wealth.
The Pope regained land given him in the Charter of 1213 thru debt and taxes and
supplying financial assistance at the right time. How did the king regain his land
in America as declared in his Charters? Debt taxes and supplying financial
assistance at the right time. I wonder where he learned this practice from?

James Montgomery

Hello Bill,

I agree completely, I have already reported this along with documentation, so has
the Informer, maybe you have not seen it. In 1213 the king of England ceded all of
his holding to the Pope.
This is why Pope Innocent III is one of the parties of interest in the 1215 Magna
Charta, and later that same year declared the Magna Charta to null and void. The
1213 Charta was reconfirmed in the Declaration of rights of 1689, wherein after
declaring many rights for the people of England and that they were no longer
subject to the Pope or the Catholic Church, declared in the last section this
Declaration of Rights would be null and void if it came into conflict with any
prior Charta, see the
following quote:

"III. Provided that no charter or grant or pardon granted before the three and
twentieth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred eighty-
nine shall be any ways impeached
or invalidated by this Act, but that the same shall be and remain of the same
force and effect in law and no other than as if this Act had never been made."

In the Treaty of Verona, November 22, 1822, the Pope entered an agreement with
Austria, France and Russia to destroy all self representative forms of government,
because it threatened all monarchies. The Pope's henchman, the jesuits have been
responsible for the down fall of governments and murders all over the world, the
most known was Abraham Lincoln. The Secret Treaty of Verona it says:

Article 1: "The high contracting powers being convinced that the system of
representative government is equally as incompatible with the monarchical
principles as the maxim of the sovereignty of the people with the divine right,
engage mutually, to the system of representative governments, in whatever country
it may exist in Europe, and to prevent its being introduced in those countries
where it is not yet known."

President Lincoln new what was being done, just before he took office he said: "As
George Washington was the first President, so James Buchanan will be the last
President of the United States." There was a huge undertaking to bring America and
her people back under rule of England and the Pope. The attack and conquest was
complete and universal, England admonished the South for their owning slaves and
making war against the United States. The Pope's henchmen, the jesuit priests in
the South insured the wrath of the North, after the jesuits murdered President
Lincoln. The leader of the six jesuits priests, John H. Surratt, escaped to
England where he stayed, hidden by the Catholic Church until safe passage could be
arranged to Rome. John Wilkes Booth was initiated into the Knights of the Golden
Circle in Baltimore in the fall of 1860, and was not brought into the plot to kill
President Lincoln until November of 1864, where in a meeting with the other jesuit
conspirators, Booth was drawn by lot, to kill President Lincoln. John H. Surratt
was finally caught and returned for trial for his part in the assignation. Jesuit
priest filled the court room daily during his trial, on July 26, 1867 the jury
came back split, half for conviction and acquittal. Surratt was jailed and denied
bail, the following September his case was nolle prosequi, meaning the case would
not be tried again. Surratt was then indicted for rebellion and later the district
attorney entered the same nolle prosequi. The jesuit priest John H. Surratt,
proven to be the ring leader in the death of President Lincoln was untouchable. In
the affidavit of Henri De Sainte Marie, Aims Report, House of Representatives,
39th Session Congress, Page 15, Ex. Document No. 9., he says: "I believe he is
protected by the clergy and that the murder is the result of a deep laid plot, not
only against the life of President Lincoln but against the existence of the
republic, as we are aware that priesthood and royalty are and always have been
opposed to liberty. "
(Henri De Sainte Marie, Rufus King, Minister Resident)

After the 1213 Charter made the Pope Contracting party, he and the monarchs of
Europe declared in this treaty that representative governments were an enemy to
the Catholic Church and the monarchies of the earth. As we know the monarchy of
England retains its claim to America, but not without intervening and destroying
the 1787 Constitution. The third prong of their attack was the Bank of England,
taken over by the Rothschilds money after Britain's bankruptcy. The Rothchilds put
in place the Bank of the United States and later the Federal Reserve, which was
born in the Bank of England. Where did the Rothschilds get their huge gold
reserve? It seems like their banking house just suddenly appeared in the 1700's.
In 1850 in the preface of "The Negation Of God", M. About said: "....the
Rothschilds who would borrow money from the Pope at six per cent interest".

The tremendous amount of capital it took to bankroll many of the countries the
Rothschilds loaned to only existed in Rome. Why? To bankrupt the world, to hold
the title to all land, and to rule the people of the world. The Pope's plan is
almost complete, but his ownership will be short lived. The above is a matter of
history, but is never taught and is allowed to disappear from all but old history
books, lost forever, thanks to the advent of television.
I wonder if you would believe substance or historical fact? I can wall paper my
walls with historical fact, since that is what the Informer and I base our facts
on.

The united states is still a British colony and the 1787 Constitution does not
exist. You obviously have not studied our English and American history, because my
friend "I" did not write it.

Let's look at some facts, I am not going to deal with the British issue, since you
have not excepted a more recent historical fact, the death of the 1787
Constitution.

1. The Constitution is a contract/charter between the states, creating a

corporation called the united States government.

2. This contract/charter contains the bylaws of the united States, concerning its
powers or lack or power, if any part of a contract between the creating parties is
broken it dissolves the contract/charter.

3. The Constitution states clearly enough, that even you could not question its
intent; Article IV section 4, The United States shall guarantee to every State in
this Union a Republican Form of government.

4. If you had studied history you would know, the state governments of the
southern states were booted out and un-elected governments put in their place, so
the 14th Amendment would be ratified. The U.S. government not only denied a
Republican form of government to the southern states, it removed a Republican form
of government from them. From this act alone the 1787 Constitution was dead and a
new Constitution forced on the southern states.

5. Article V section 1, and that no state , without its Consent, shall be deprived
of its equal Suffrage in the Senate. The Senators of all southern states were
kicked out of the Senate, along with the New Jersey Senator.

6. Not only was the Constitution ripped to shreds by the above unlawful acts but
this was a political/military take over. All of the southern states were Democrat
and the northern states Republican, the action of the northern states destroyed a
two party system, and said you will not only vote as we say, you will also change
your state constitutions to read as we dictate.

7. If this was not enough to destroy the Constitution, these same renegade
northern states passed the Reconstruction Acts. These Acts were declared un-
Constitutional by President Johnson, a lawful President. His veto was overridden
by an unlawful congress, an unrepresented government, because 12 lawful
Constitutional states were removed by force. A government that no longer had any
lawful form as proven above, was trying to do business outside of the charter that
gave it life.

8. I mentioned the Senator from New Jersey, he had taken his seat in the Senate
and was properly voted in by his state, he was then removed by an unlawful U.S.
government, only represented by the northern states.

9. The southern states just before the political take over, retook their seats in
the House and the Senate, voted and ratified the 13th Amendment, proving they were
once again lawful parties to oversee the 1787 Constitution, which also proves they
had Republican forms of government, and that these governments were militarily
overthrown.

10. By the above facts a 1787 Constitutional government DOES NOT EXIST, NOR CAN
IT, the contract and charter were broken and a new form of government installed by
military force, different from the approved 1787 government. This de facto
government still exists today only by its military powers and martial rule. The
action taken by the northern states was a military coup d'etat.

I know you want some historical proof so here it is. If you are man enough to
admit that you are wrong, email me with your real name and I will send you all the
historical proof you can handle. Don't accuse the Informer or myself in front of
others in an assumed name, of not having proof of what we are saying, or I will
assume, as will others that you are a government employee, doing damage control,
trying to protect your spineless backside. (paycheck)

HISTORICAL FACTS, CAN YOU REBUT THEM OR CHANGE HISTORY?

Furthermore; on April 2, 1866, President Andrew Johnson issued a "Proclamation"

that:

"The insurrection which heretofore existed in the States of Georgia, South

Carolina, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas,
Mississippi and Florida is at an end, and is henceforth to be so regarded."

Veto Message of President Johnson, March 2, 1867

"It is plain that the authority here given to the military officer amounts to
absolute despotism. But to make it still more unendurable, the bill provides that
it may be delegated to as many subordinates as he chooses to appoint, for it
declares that he shall 'punish or cause to be punished'. Such a power has not been
wielded by any Monarch in England for more than five hundred years. In all that
time no people who speak the English language have borne such servitude. It
reduces the whole population of the ten States- all persons, of every color, sex
and condition, and every stranger within their limits- to the most abject and
degrading slavery. No master ever had a control so absolute over
the slaves as this bill gives to the military officers over both white and colored
persons...." "I come now to a question which is, if possible, still more
important. Have we the power to establish and carry into execution a measure like
this? I answer, 'Certainly not', if we derive our authority from the Constitution
and if we are bound by the limitations which is imposes.".... "The United States
are bound to guarantee to each State a republican form of government. Can it be
pretended that this obligation is not palpably broken if we carry out a measure
like this, which wipes away every vestige of republican government in ten States
and puts the life, property, and honor of all people in each of them under
domination of a single person clothed with unlimited authority?" "....,here is a
bill of attainder against 9,000,000 people at once. It is based upon an accusation
so vague as to be scarcely intelligible and found to be true upon no credible
evidence. Not one of the 9,000,000 was heard in his own defense. The
representatives of the doomed parties were excluded from all
participation in the trial. The conviction is to be followed by the most
ignominious punishment ever inflicted on large messes of men. It disfranchises
them by hundreds of thousands and degrades
them all, even those who are admitted to be guiltless, from the rank of freeman to
the condition of slaves."
Veto Message of President Johnson, March 2, 1867

"As a result of these decisions, enforcement of the Reconstruction Act against the
Southern States, helpless to resist military rule without aid of the judiciary,
went forward unhampered. Puppet governments were founded in these various States
under military auspices. Through these means the adoption of new state
constitutions, conforming to the requirements of Congress, was accomplished.
Likewise, one by one, these puppet state governments ratified the Fourteenth
Amendment, which their more independent predecessors had rejected. Finally, in
July 1868, the ratifications of this amendment by the puppet governments of seven
of the ten Southern States, including Louisiana, gave more than the required
ratification by three- fourths of the States, and resulted in a Joint Resolution
adopted by Congress and a Proclamation by the Secretary of State, both declaring
the Amendment ratified and in force."
Tulane Law Review, The Dubious Origin Of The Fourteenth Amendment. page 36

"Despite the fact that the southern States had been functioning peacefully for two
years and had been counted to secure ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment ,
Congress passed the Reconstruction Act, which provided for the military occupation
of 10 of the 11 southern States. It excluded Tennessee from military occupation
and one must suspect it was because Tennessee had ratified the Fourteenth
Amendment on July 7, 1866. The Act further disfranchised practically all white
voters
and provided that no Senator or Congressman from the occupied States could be
seated in Congress until a new Constitution was adopted by each State which would
be approved by Congress. The Act further provided that each of the 10 States was
required to ratify the proposed Fourteenth Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment
must become a part of the Constitution of the United States before the military
occupancy would cease and the States be allowed to have seats in Congress."
Dyett v. Turner 439 p2d 266 @ 269, 20 U2d 403

"The decisions wherein grounds were found for avoiding a ruling on the
constitutionality of the Reconstruction Act leave the impression that our highest
tribunal failed in these cases to measure up to the standard of the judiciary in a
constitutional democracy. If the Reconstruction Act was unconstitutional, the
people oppressed by it were entitled to protection by the judiciary against such
unconstitutional oppression."
Tulane Law Review, The Dubious Origin Of The Fourteenth Amendment. page 34

"The adversary or the skeptic might assert that, after a lapse of more than eighty
years, it is too late to question the constitutionality or validity of the coerced
ratifications of the Fourteenth Amendment even on substantial and serious grounds.
The ready answer is that there is no statute of limitations that will cure a gross
violation of the amendment procedure laid down by Article V of the Constitution."
Tulane Law Review, The Dubious Origin Of The Fourteenth Amendment. page 43

The following, is an excerpt from Joint Resolution No.1 of the State of New Jersey
of March 24, 1868, when they rescinded their prior ratification and rejected: "It
being necessary, by the Constitution, that every amendment to the same, should be
proposed by two thirds of both Houses of Congress, the authors of said
proposition, for the purpose of securing the assent of the requisite majority,
determined to, and did, exclude from the said two Houses eighty representatives
form eleven States of the Union, upon the pretence that there were no such States
in the Union; but, finding that two-thirds of the remainder of said Houses could
not be brought to assent to the said proposition, they deliberately formed and
carried out the design of mutilating the integrity of the United States Senate,
and without any pretext or justification, other than the possession of power,
without the right and in palpable violation of the Constitution, ejected a member
of their own body, representing this State, and thus practically denied to New
Jersey its equal suffrage in the Senate and thereby nominally secured the vote of
two-thirds of the said Houses." "The object of dismembering the highest
representative assembly in the Nation, and humiliating a State of the Union,
faithful at all times to all of its obligations, and the object of said amendment
were one- to place new and unheard of powers in the hands of a faction, that it
might absorb to itself all executive, judicial and legislative power, necessary to
secure to itself immunity for the unconstitutional acts it had already committed,
and those it has since inflicted on a too patient people."
"The subsequent usurpation of these once national assemblies, in passing pretended
laws for the establishment, in ten States, of martial law, which is nothing but
the will of the military commander, and therefore inconsistent with the very
nature of all law, for the purpose reducing to slavery men of
their own race to those States, or compelling them, contrary to their own
convictions, to exercise the elective franchise in obedience to dictation of a
fraction in those assemblies; the attempt to commit to one man arbitrary and
uncontrolled power, which they have found necessary to exercise to force the
people of those States into compliance with their will; the authority given to the
Secretary of War to use the name of the President, to countermand its President's
order, and to certify military orders to be by the direction of the President'
when they are notoriously known to be contrary to the President's direction, thus
keeping up the forms of the Constitution to which the people are accustomed, but
practically deposing the President from his office of Commander-in-Chief, and
suppressing one of the great departments of the Government, that of the executive;
the attempt to withdraw from the supreme judicial tribunal of the Nation the
jurisdiction to examine and decide upon the conformity of their pretended laws to
the Constitution, which was the Chief function of that August tribunal, as
organized by the fathers of the republic: all are but amplified explanations of
the power they hope to acquire by the adoption of the said amendment."

"To conceal from the people the immense alteration of the fundamental law they
intended to accomplish by the said amendment, they gilded the same with
propositions of justice..." "It imposes new prohibitions upon the power of the
State to pass laws, and interdicts the execution of such part of the common law as
the national judiciary may esteem inconsistent with the vague provisions of the
said amendment; made vague for the purpose of facilitating encroachment upon the
lives, liberties
and property of the people."
"It enlarges the judicial power of the United States so as to bring every law
passed by the State, and every principle of the common law relating to life,
liberty, or property, within the jurisdiction of the Federal tribunals, and
charges those tribunals with duties, to the due performance of which they, from
their nature and organization, and their distance from the people, are unequal."

"It makes a new apportionment of representatives in the National courts, for no

other reason than thereby to secure to a faction a sufficient number of votes of a
servile and ignorant race to outweigh the intelligent voices of their own."
"This Legislature, feeling conscious of the support of the largest majority of the
people that has ever been given expression to the public will, declare that the
said proposed amendment being designed to confer, or to compel the States to
confer, the sovereign right of elective franchise upon a race which has never
given the slightest evidence, at any time, or in any quarter of the globe, of its
capacity of self-government, and erect an impracticable standard of suffrage,
which will render the right valueless to any portion of the people was intended to
overthrow the system of self-government under which the people of the United
States have for eighty years enjoyed their liberties, and is unfit, from its
origin, its object and its matter, to be incorporated with the fundamental law of
a free people."
(The 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States and the threat that
it poses to our democratic government, Pinckney G. McElwee, South Carolina Law
Quarterly 1959)

Hello Rob,

I am going to answer your questions, but first I must lay a few things out. I have
been out of this system, as much as one can since 1992. I have caused myself a
great deal of problems, thinking I was doing the Lords will, based on certain
scriptures. Such as, you cannot serve two masters, you love one and hate the
other, paraphrase, and come out of Babylon, lest you suffer her plagues,
paraphrase, just to name a few.

Lets first look at why I and others have felt compelled to come out of this
system. I and others have discovered fraud and deception in our government. Not to
mention oppression and great harm to many in this country, via. the IRS and the
other alphabet agencies. The greatest problem that I have found is that, not only
is the above true, but our history has been covered up, modified by unnamed
individuals, to change the course of our government. This goes back to the
founding of our country. I am talking about the Charters creating the commercial
enterprise we now call the United States. I can prove that we were allowed and
encouraged to believe we were free, and that the Declaration of Independence and
the Revolutionary War were overturned by the Peace Treaty of 1783, Jay Treaty of
1795 and the Treaty of Ghent 1814.

I can prove our fore fathers for the most part were mainly concerned with their
holdings in England, and their fortunes that were tied to England, through trading
in their businesses. Because of this they conceded to the wishes of the king and
allowed him to retain control of his Colonies, but do it in a way that the
Colonist would not be aware of. The United States Constitution was just a
continuation of the earlier Charters, a continuation of the king's corporate
enterprise.

The states granted certain powers in the 1787 Constitution to the United States
government (corporation) it created, and no more. Yet, I can prove as early as
1791 Congress violated the corporate Charter and gave unconstitutional powers to
the President, whereby President Washington created District states, by "dividing
the states", his words. Since that time Congress has continued to ceded
Congressional powers to the President completing the office of king. Congress is
now going to give the President fast track authority to enter treaties, without
prior Senate approval.

The biggest fraud and unconstitutional act to take place was during and after the
Civil War. Namely the death of the 1787 Constitution, via Congress going out of
session, Sine Die in 1861 and the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment. Congress
then installed an unconstitutional de facto government, under the disguise of the
1787 Constitution, which forbid their actions. The re declaration of War against
the South, after the Civil War was over, and after they were granted a full pardon
by President Johnson, was against the 1787 Constitution and American
jurisprudence. Since that time we have had a military government, not a
Constitutional government. As soon as Congress
went Sine Die as a result of the Southern states removing their representatives
from Congress, the United States government had to operate in its military
capacity. President Lincoln had to act as Commander-in-Chief, it was the only
position left, he could not act as President, all states were not represented in
Congress, so the corporation was dissolved. After the Civil War and pardon, the
Southern states retook their seats in Congress. The northern states decided they
would rather remain a de facto government, because they had more power that way,
so they kicked the southern states out of Congress again and demanded the new
United States Constitution be ratified by the southern states, before they could
be re admitted again for a second time.

The Fourteenth Amendment was not properly ratified, and this is very easy to
prove. The Republican governments of the south were kicked out of office by the
military district commanders, and puppet governments put in place to pass the
Amendment. This is a matter of history, but hardly anyone is aware of it. The
fraud has been kept from Americans, by selected history being taught to
Americans in the public school system, colored to meet the purpose of the military
government and those they work for.

If that weren't enough, in 1933 all Americans were made enemies of the Bankers, to
force us to pay their fraudulent debts, which they created. This brings us to the
SS# problem you were asking about. This number has one purpose, to number and
identify those responsible for the debt owed to the Bankers, making us chattel
property, natural resources, or to be blunt, financial slaves. Even with all this,
until recently I had not changed my opinion about coming out of this monetary
system.
However, because of the nature of our government and its laws, this is not
possible. The use of FRN'S is just as binding in maritime contract law, see Law of
the Flag, in Bouvier's Law Dictionary. The physical presence of your body in this
country, brings you under their military jurisdiction. Remember under the rules of
Conquest and military rule, see the same dictionary, you have only the rights
granted by the Commander-in-Chief. So to give up a job you have had for 20 years,
and violate your oath to your family, to provide for their needs would be wrong
and foolish. Why? Because you would not change anything by declaring you do not
have a SS# and losing your job.

But even with this knowledge I was willing to endure all, if it was the will of
God Almighty, that I stay out of this system. After a great deal of prayer and
soul searching, the Lord showed me a verse that I had already been aware of years
earlier. I had written a paper on the subject of Israel asking for another King,
other than God Almighty, 1 Samuel 8.

Last year I was given a speeding ticket and was ready to go to jail if necessary.
I believed God Almighty would be there with me to fight my battles, against my
enemies, according to Psalms 91 and other verses. I asked the Lord to show me if
it was His will for me to fight the system on THIS issue. The Lord brought to mind
the verse out of Samuel 8, in that day when you cry out for me, I WILL NOT HEAR
YOU. The truth of this blew me away, I was forced to reevaluate positions I have
had for many years. God Almighty said, because we rejected Him as King, in that
day when
the earthly king oppress us He will not help us. If you fight the worldly king,
you fight alone, this is suicide and utter futility, which is not the will of God.

We were never free from the yoke of subjection, in regards to the king and queen
of England. This brings me to another verse of God's Word that I based my
separation on. If you are subject to a king remain there until the chance of
freedom comes, paraphrase. Because I was taught we were freed from the king of
England in 1776, I did not feel any obligation to a tyrannical government.
However, what God Almighty said in 1 Samuel 8, is controlling so to speak. This is
foundation for understanding all scripture on the subject of government, in
relation to God Almighty's children in their relationship to civil government.
God's Word makes it clear that the destruction of Babylon (this
system) comes by His hand, not by ours, and not because of our being abused.

So the long and short of it is, we do not have a Constitutional government in

which we could separate ourselves from. Because of Conquest and military rule and
our later being declared enemies of the government and the Bankers, we are under
force of arms. In this condition you will do as you are told or else, I will leave
the or else up to your imagination. So to write a letter to the Social Security
Administration and declare you no longer have a SS#, means nothing. The only way
to retake our Country would be to re-educate our youth, and get them in as many
government jobs as possible. At the same time educate as many of the mainstream
public as you can. This would be the only way to change anything. It took years to
get into this situation, it will take years to get out of it, left to our own
doing, without intervention by God Almighty. A small group of people with this
knowledge will be denied access to critical government positions, and labeled
extremists. The facts are what they are, in the system, or out of the system, the
facts of our internment remain the same. I suggest you stay where you are and
learn what you can, then teach this information to anyone that will listen, pray
and fast for direction.

James
The United States is still a British Colony; Part 1
The United States is still a British Colony; Part 2
The United State is still a British Colony; Part 3
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