Marine Propulsion Engines and

Renewable Energies
NME 463
By:
Dr. Waleed Yehia
 Non-Renewable Energy Sources
Conventional
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Coal
Nuclear
Unconventional (Examples)
Oil Shale
Natural gas hydrates in marine sediment
Tar Sands

3
Earth Energy Resources

www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.pp
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 Do not increase atmospheric CO2
Will not cause climate change or
raise sea levels
Why renewable energy?
There are many energy sources today that are extremely limited in

supply. Some of these sources include oil, natural gas, and coal. It is a

matter of time before they will be exhausted.

Estimates are that they can only meet our energy demands for another

fifty to seventy years. So in an effort to find alternative forms of energy,

the world has turned to renewable energy sources as the solution.

There are many advantages and disadvantages to this.

Renewable energy: advantages
One major advantage with the use of renewable energy is that as it is

renewable it is therefore sustainable and so will never run out.

Even more importantly, renewable energy produces little or no waste

products such as carbon dioxide or other chemical pollutants, so has minimal

impact on the environment.

Renewable energy facilities generally require less maintenance than traditional

generators. Their fuel being derived from natural and available resources

reduces the costs of operation.

Renewable energy: disadvantages
One disadvantage with renewable energy is that it is difficult to
generate the quantities of electricity that are as large as those
produced by traditional fossil fuel generators. (Less Productivity)
The reliability of supply.
May not be available when needed .
Daily and seasonal variation
To smooth out supply need energy storage systems
Renewable energy often relies on the weather for its source of power.
Hydro generators need rain to fill dams to supply flowing water. Wind
turbines need wind to turn the blades, and solar collectors need clear skies
and sunshine to collect heat and make electricity. When these resources are
unavailable so is the capacity to make energy from them. This can be
unpredictable and inconsistent.
Renewable energy: Disadvantages

The current cost of renewable energy technology is also far in

excess of traditional fossil fuel generation. This is because it is a

new technology and as such has extremely large capital cost

Not equally available in all locations

Renewable Energy
Renewable energy is energy from sources that are constantly being formed

Types of renewable energy includes:

Solar energy
Wind energy
Biomass: the power from living things:
Hydropower: The power from moving water: hydro/micro-hydro and
tidal waves
Geothermal :Earths heat
Hydrogen: Hydrogen power
 Solar Energy - Power from the Sun

Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly

from the sun.

Direct solar energy is used every day, like when the sun

shines on a window and heats the room

Solar energy can also be used indirectly to generate

electricity in solar cells

Passive solar heating/cooling
Passive solar heating is the use of sunlight to heat buildings directly

In the Northern Hemisphere, south facing windows receive the most solar energy

Therefore, passive solar buildings have large windows that face south

Trees A house shaded by trees is a much cooler house during the summer. Also,
keep in mind that during the winter, the leaves are gone off the deciduous trees, so
the winter sun can still shine into the home.

Natural ventilation Natural ventilation requires pressure differences to move

fresh air through a building.

An average household could reduce its energy bills by using any of the passive solar
features
Passive solar heating/cooling
 Active solar heating

Active solar heating is the gathering of solar energy by collectors that

are used to heat water or heat a building

Solar collectors, usually mounted on a roof, capture the suns energy

A liquid is heated by the sun as it flows through solar collectors

The hot liquid is then pumped through heat exchangers, which heats

water for the building.

Active solar heating
 Photovoltaic cells

Photovoltaic cells are solar cells that convert the suns energy into

electricity.

Solar cells have no moving parts, and they run on nonpolluting power

from the sun.

However, they produce a very small electrical current. Meeting the

electricity needs of a small city would require covering hundreds of

acres with solar panels.

Photovoltaic cells

Sunlight falls on a semiconductor,

causing it to release electrons.

The electrons flow through a

circuit that is complete when
another semiconductor in the solar
cell absorbs electrons and passes
them on to the first semiconductor.
 Photovoltaic cells
Solar cells require extended periods of sunshine to produce electricity.

This energy is stored in batteries, which supplies electricity when the

sun is not shining.

Currently, solar cells provide energy for more than 1 million

households in developing countries, where energy consumption is

minimal and electricity distribution networks are limited.

 Wind power

Energy from the sun warms the Earths surface unevenly, which

causes air masses to flow in the atmosphere.

We experience the movement of these air masses as wind.

Wind power, which converts the movement of wind into electric

energy, is the fastest growing energy source in the world.

 Wind farms
Wind turbines are used to capture the energy from the wind.

Large arrays of wind turbines are called wind farms. Large wind farms

supply electricity to thousands of homes.

In windy rural areas, small wind farms with 20 or fewer turbines are

also becoming common.

Because wind turbines take up little space, some farmers can add wind

turbines to their land and still use the land for other purposes.
 Wind: an underdeveloped resource

Scientists estimate that the windiest spots on Earth could

generate more than ten times the energy used worldwide.

In the future, the electricity may be used on the wind farm

to produce hydrogen from water.

Today, most of the large energy companies are developing

plans to use more wind power.

 Biomass: power from living things

Biomass fuel consists of plant material, manure, or any other organic matter that is used

as an energy source.

Fossil fuels can be thought of as biomass energy sources, although they are

nonrenewable.

Renewable biomass fuels, such as wood and dung, are major sources of energy in

developing countries.

More than half of all wood cut in the world is used as fuel for heating and cooking.
Biomass: power from living things
 Biomass: power from living things

Although materials like wood are a renewable resource, if

trees are cut down faster than they grow, the resulting

habitat loss, deforestation, and soil erosion can be severe.

In addition, harmful air pollution may result from burning

wood and dung.

 Hydroelectricity: power of moving water
Hydroelectric energy is electrical energy produced by falling water.

Hydroelectric energy accounts for 20% of the worlds electricity.

Large hydroelectric power plants have a dam that is built across a river

to hold back a reservoir of water.

The water in the reservoir is released to turn a turbine, which

generates electricity.
Hydroelectricity: power of moving water
 The benefits of hydroelectric energy
Hydroelectric dams are expensive to build, but relatively inexpensive to operate.

Unlike fossil fuel plants, hydroelectric dams do not release air pollutants that cause acid

precipitation.

Hydroelectric dams also tend to last much longer than fossil fuel-powered plants.

Dams also provide other benefits such as flood control and water for drinking,

agriculture, industry, and recreation.

 The disadvantage of hydroelectric energy
A dam changes a rivers flow, which can have far-reaching consequences.

When the land behind a dam is flooded, people are often displaced. If a dam

bursts, people living in areas below the dam can be killed. (Catastrophic

Failure)

River sediments build up behind the dam instead of enriching land farther

down the river, making farmland below the dam less productive.
 Modern trends
In developing countries the construction of large dams continues

One modern trend is micro-hydropower, which is electricity produced

in a small stream without having to build a big dam. The turbine may

even float in the water, not blocking the river at all.

Micro-hydropower is much cheaper than large hydroelectric dam

projects, and it permits energy to be generated from small streams in

remote areas.
Geothermal energy: power from the earth
In some areas, deposits of water in the Earths crust are heated by

geothermal energy.

Geothermal energy is the energy produced by heat within the Earth.

The United States is the worlds largest producer of geothermal

energy.
Geothermal Energy: power from the earth
 Geothermal energy: power from the earth
Geothermal power plants generate electricity
using the following steps

Steam rises through a well

Steam drives turbines, which generate electricity

Leftover liquid is pumped back into the hot rock

The leftover liquid, water, is returned to Earths

crust because it can be reheated by geothermal
energy and used again.
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