MAYA GODS + LIFE WITH LIONS SUGAR WHY WE CAN’T RESIST IT5 5 Black footed Albatross (Phozbastra nigripes) Wittens smitten Size: tiead and body length, 68 - 74 cm (26 29.1 inches), wingspan, 193 - 216 cm (76 - 85 inches Weight: 2.7 - 37 kg (6 - 8.2 lbs) Habitat: Ranges widely over north Pacific; breeds in the Hawaiian §) Isiands and Japan Surviving number: Estimated at 129,000 breeding individuals Paci *, . Gecon Balancing act. The black-footed albatross balances long sojourns at sea with family time spent at breeding colonies. At sea, it sits on the surface while foraging for food, drinking seawater and secreting salt from glands above its eyes. Back on, land, monogamous breeding pairs strengthen their bonds with ritualized display postures, induding bowing, preening and calling with bills pointing to the sky. But with each female laying WILDLIFE AS CANON SEES IT just one egg a year and only 6.9 out of 100 eggs becoming breeding adults, populations are barely in equilibrium. Bycatch, pollution and introduced predators could all tip the balance. ‘AS we see it, we can help make the world a better place. Raising awareness of endangered species is just one of the ways we at Canon are taking action—for the good of the planet we call hore. Visit canon.com/environment to learn more. CanonSes ee cied Rey Sete eieers Serre eons feet forever ie eae ee spent many months with the prides of oc . Tr aaa ae eee Living With Lions Africa's ions may number Me more than 35,000. In Kenya a program called Lion Guardians points org eee ete Beene ee ee Sugar Love: A Not So Sweet Tale enero eee era ee ec) eT eae Te ee ene - oa ri aetna eM tg rca Peat Ea ito BO aires ce MeCN Ce Peace ee eee shouts: divine light at the bottom of a natural well byte 4 Photographs by Paul NicKlen and Shaul Schwarz Conrad = Technology is redefining how caves are explored. ee Sunita Williams: Spacewalker eee es mod OTe ee ies err eee er erect ee net eC UCL CLA ae10 16 18 134 August 2013 Editor's Note Letters ‘Survival Guide VISIONS > ‘Your Shot NEXT Snake Hunt Frou uhet happened when Revd Stclamscpensowononyions yg > World Without Words » Keres ‘hat do the ptres tothe reais? Let the River Flow Foods lant far Glen Canyon Demboneft he rang Ganon Viking Mice Many Rouse tas Noro ancestry Recipe for Dilbit ites sand product sted wth chemicals-and is got problems. Carping About Carp ‘sien spectos are invading American waters. One solution: carp cakes! Smell a Fly> Goldenrod can sniff'em out-and release toxins to deter egg laying. NG Connect ‘The Moment Flashback On the Cover A single cupcake can contain up to 800 calories, depending conte size and gourmet credentials, Theres alot of butter the batter and Subscriptions For subscriptions, git memberships, or changes of address, Contact Customer Service at ngmservice.com or all 1-800-NGS-LINE (647-5469), Outside the US. and Canada please call + 1813-979 DIGITAL EDITIONS Lone Video Meet he ons-and the people who study them, Sacred Cenotes ‘Video Follow photographer Paul ‘Nickion into a holy Maya wolWhy two tiers are better than one. Smaller cyclones generate high G-forces. Arranging them across wo fiers increases airflow. The new DC47 has 2 Tier Radial” cyclones that capture more microscopic dust than any other cyclone technology. To get the full story, visit dyson.com/DC47. dyson Two tiers of cyclones capture more microscopic dust than any other.Advertisement TAKE BACK THEWEEKEND here's nothing like a Friday-Sunday sojourn to widen the parameters of today’s mile-a-minute world. To make the most of a weekend, choose a destination where you can combine invigorating outdoor adventure with indulgent dining, shopping, and pampering. And if you need ane more excuse for a getaway: Chase Sapphire Preferred” offers 2X points on travel and dining at restaurants. Here are two award-winning ways to enjoy your weekend and explore new territories. DELAWARE WATER GAP- Just a two: hour trip from Philadelphia or New York City, the 1000-foot- deep “gap” is all about the magic of the Delaware River, a place of scenic wonders. Weekend warriors can enjoy the best of outdoor recreation, from angling for trout to horseback riding to trekking asstretch of the Appalachian Trail all on nearly 70,000 acres of preserved parklands. 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Learn more at chasesapphire.com/preferred.2X POINTS ON TRAVEL AND DINING AT RESTAURANTS Per) waEDITOR'S NOTE The Truth About Lions | met ecologist Craig Packer in 1988. | was a young photographer on assignment in the Serengeti for the first time, trying to feel my way around the craft of natural history photography. | think his first reaction to me was annoyance. He had good reason. | was green and untested in those days. Craig, who'd been director of the Serengeti Lion Project since 1978, was the scientist who knew lions. | was just beginning to learn, Craig is not an easy man to work around. He's seen itll and isn’t reluctant to tell you so. But he is rigorous in the integrity of his science. For Craig it’s all about the data and getting the facts right. This made him and his team the keystone collaborators for this month's cover story on Serengeti lions, written by David Quammen and photographed by Michael (Nick) Nichols. Craig's research provided the solid underpinning for David and Nick's work. “We sat down with him with maps," Nick says. “He told us where to go and what to look for.” Craig's is a shoestring operation. His passion comes without frills. His equipment consists of five beat-up Land Rovers held together by wire, a falling-down house with no power, and staff that works hard for the sheer love of it. “There is nothing,” Nick says, “that even smells of a wasted dollar.” Itis all about the research—and the lions, “Getting into Craig’s head on lions,” Nick con- tinues, “was the primer that allowed me to skip the cliché of the animal we all think we know.” aa Members of the Serengeti Lion Project team meet by moonlight in an infrared photo made in Tanzania's Serengeti National Park. They are ({rom left) Daniel Rosengren, Ali Swanson, Craig Packer, Ingela Jansson, Stan Mwampeta 4a} “IF WE ARE NOT CURIOUS ABOUT ALL LIVING THINGS ON Ce) STN ame tate), Brea Te cece saci knowing that National Geographic RUM ete Da eae iC tas ae TyLT eet Leave a legacy by including National Geographic in your will. Please remember the National Geographic Society with a generous bequest in your will or trust. One hundred percent of your gift, no matter what size, will support the important con- servation, research, exploration and education programs of the Society for years to come. To learn more, contact the National Geographic Office of Estate Planning: Tel: 1-800-226-4438 | Email: plannedgiftinfo@ngs.org | Web: www.nationalgeographic.org/donate 125 NATIONAL (2GD)> ANEW AGE OF EXPLORATION GEOGRAPHIC i NATIONAL GE: t Yes! Please send me information onhow Name. to include National Geographic in my will. Address Ihave already included National i Phone Geographic in my will. Email — Please send me information on a National Mail to: National Geographic Society Geographic charitable gift annuity. Office of Estate Planning 1145 17th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036-4688 The National Geographic Society isa 01eI[3] tax-exempt organization. 13PGFC0BBLETTERS De-Extinction Resurrecting extinct species just to see whether it can be done is not only impractical and wasteful but also borderline immoral, Humans continue to reduce the numbers of tigers, for this obviously has a God complex. We are merely one species in this chain. We are as vulnerable as all the other species. One chance virus, one chance astronomical event could wipe us out. Just because we believe we have higher intel- ligence and an understanding of this does not mean that we are arbiters. We cannot control what species live or die. If we try, we change the balance of things. ANTHONY BERG Madison, Wisconsin Y elephants, whales—you name it-through poaching and habitat destruction and take more and more of the planet for ourselves and leave less and less for other animals. To bring a species back only to force it to live in a zoo or research laboratory, or to release it to struggle for survival in an envi- ronment that can't support it, is cruel and unnecessary but consistent with our human-centric view of the world. ALLISON MYERS Freeville, New York We can never truly know the real nature, habits, and traits “What intrigues me is just that it's really cool.” | wonder how many scientists on the Manhattan Project had simil sentiments, Just saying. RANDALL WEBSTER ‘South Lake Tahoe, California Reviving extinct woolly mam- moths would be tremendous. But what about Australopithe- cus, Homo habilis, and Homo erectus? Do we put them in zoos? Is it murder if you kill one? Are they human or not? Are they FEEDBACK Readers shared their thoughts on bringing back extinct species ¢ “Reviving them is a short- » ‘change the long term.” “What woud raise the baby and teach it the ways ofthe species? Have we frgoten the whole nature versus nurture dictum?” x term dead end that doesn't allowed to hold jobs, get student loans, and draw Social Security disability benefits? Still, it would be important to learn their level of capacity for abstract symbols, language, and culture. KENNETH W. JOHNSON Lawrenceville, Georgia Anyone who chooses to believe in evolution and Darwin's theory of survival of the fittest clearly understands that species will come and go. Whoever decided that we humans are responsible ‘It would create a potential ecological catastrophe of these lost creatures. A resurrected animal will learn the behaviors of its adoptive parent/cousin, and therefore de-extinction can only bring back a look-alike. The true animal has been lost forever. ‘SAM WILLIAMS: London, England Conections ‘The photograph of the tablet on page 22 should have been additionally crecited to the Archaeological Museum of Bologna. “Will we resurrect them only to keep them “RR EMAIL ngsforum@ngmcom TWITTER @NatGeoMag_WRITE National Geographic Magazine, PO Box 98199, Washington, DC 20090-8199. Include name, address, and daytime telephone. Letters may be ecited for clay and length. 6 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC + AUGUST 2013Leto. ta i ON eked — INTO THE UNKNOWN NIGHT OF AEE va ete) oh Co NINE WCE ian i INTO THE LOST-CRYSTAL CAVES s fcloTmy TOT Kelg 1 a NTSB |S 8 Xe g)2 0 “fl r mate Neaa SUMBUS «poe See Ce B B 3 UC 303. 8P ; - Nien eee SS GEOGRAPHIC CHANNEL saadLETTERS I think the bigger and more fundamental questions than “Should we do this?” are “What are we doing this for?" and “What do we count as a real, biological species?" If returning extinct species to intact, natural ecosystems is the goal, that won't be achieved by creating an animal with spliced gene fragments or by retuming a long-extinct animal such as the woolly mammoth to a now alien ecosystem. All you would be do- ing is creating another Jurassic Park—a spectacle for humans, MATTHEW PUDOVSKIS Vancouver, Brtish Columbia Iwas given a completely different thought. Let's try to save the species we still have first. Can't we try cloning rhino horns and elephant tusks? Flood the market with the cloned products, and the value to poachers goes to zero, ‘TOM MOROOKIAN North Fort Myers, Florida In the past few years I have seen the rise of the simplistic jiew of man as the demon of all things environmental. “You could say an extinct specie: the collateral damage of human existence” was your punch line, As a veterinarian, | see the interplay of genetics, disease, Predation, food sources, re- productive choices of mating and nesting, et cetera, as having huge impact on the survival of a species. Why then does each article at some point have to point to man as the ultimate causal force for evil? If you truly are Darwinian in your scientific view, remember it is the “survival of the fittest,” which means some species didn't survive even when man ‘was not on this Earth KENNETH ACHTERBERG Haslett, Michigan Reviving extinct species is a very bad idea. The reasons are clear. We do not have enough food to feed the species that are alive now. We do not have enough appropriate land for them to live on. We cannot stop people who insist that acquir- ing a part of a living creature is worth killing that creature. We cannot stop fishermen who use nets to kill fish in the sea that they don't even want. JUDITH ANTROBUS New York, New York Resurrecting an extinct species would certainly add biological richness to an eco- system, but how long would it last? The author's descrip- tion of the de-extinction process would create an entire population from only a few individuals. The problem with ‘small populations is they lack the necessary genetic variability to adapt and evolve, ultimately causing them to go the way of the dodo once again NATE KEIPER ‘Toledo, Ohio am greatly in favor of genet- ics, but the law of unintended consequences might involve reviving mammoths only to see them threatened with extinc- tion, like elephants, for the ivory in their tusks. ABE GRUBER San Diego, California I think it would be amazing to have woolly mammoths walk the Earth again, ANDREW DAVID MOWER. Layton, Utah Have we not learned from past experience the dangers of introducing foreign or invasive species into an ecosystern? Introducing species absent from an ecosystem for hundreds, if not thousands, of years means they are no longer native but new species, and the ecosys- tom likely has adapted to their absence. Also, no species are independent, as they rely on predators, prey, and other species, be they bacteria or other co-dependent species. Are the scientists planning on bringing these back as well? GLENN c. ROTH Calgary, Alberta As if coolness or anything related to some concept of exploring the unknown were in any way central to this, issue. Reintroducing extinct species into nature is a complex process that goes far beyond re-creating an organism in a laboratory. It involves fiscal, social, and ecological ramifica- tions that were-to my extreme disappointment—barely if ever touched on in the article. JONATHAN HIRSCH Larkspur, California Although the idea of bringing back the dead intrigues me, the possible damage to our environment, which is already unstable, makes me wary. ‘JULIANA KIM Bronauille, New YorkSurrender to 400 Carats of Temptation The Stauer Voros Collection is a magnificently massive collection of smoldering rubies that may trigger some extremely pleasant side effects re you ready for this necklace? You might think you are, but when dealing with 400 carats of the most robust red gem on the planet, we want you to be prepared. Before you invite the Stauer Voros Ruby Necklace into your home for only $149, you need to understand the consequences. Possible side effects may include: spontancous kissing and hugging, increased heart rate, slow dancing, and the urge to get away for the weekend. Some may experience: long walks on the beach, episodes of snuggling, spooning and star- ing lovingly into cach other's eyes. und dramat ic? You bet. But don’t forget we're talking about ruby, the stone notorious for provoking passion, lust and intense romantic emotions throughout history. One look at the Voros and its easy to see what all the fuss is about. Each smooth-polished nugget in the Voros Necklace is a genuine gemstone, deep crimson in color and infused with the incomparable mystique of rubies. The 18" strand is hand- strung, double-knotted with luxurious gold-finished beads and secures with a gold-finished lobster clasp. We don’t play by the luxury rules. We took the Voros Ruby Necklace to an independent appraiser who works with auction houses, estate sales and insurance companies. He valued it at $2,200. We thanked him for his professional opinion and then ignored it. Because even if a gemologist tells us that this necklace is valued at over $2,000, we want you to wear it for ONLY $149. Yes, we're serious. Love it or get your money back. | guarantee that you'll adore the Stauer Voros Collection, But don't take my word for it, take the rubies for a test drive. If you're not 100% satisfied, send them back within 30 days and we'll refund every dollar ‘of your purchase price. It really is that simple, Voros Ruby Collection Necklace (400 ctw) Appraised at $2200 Your price $149 Bracelet (150 Ct) insnnnsmnninnnnninnnnninnen Only $ID Earrings (40 ¢tW) occ sense Only $79 Complete Set (590 ctw)—$32.. vow only $249 Call now to take advantage of this fantastic offer. 1-888-201-7657 JES Staten” jse tienes seer Smart Luxuries—Surprising Prices” onSHOCKPROOF, FREEZEPROOF, CRUSHPROOF AND WATERPROOF. THE PROOF WILL BE HANGING ON YOUR WALL. ke vith he Ohmous Sve Tuc Tu T0608 ough 10-6905 Tough 10-2145 Tough OLYMPUS Cage yr ses cee Hic You ‘Olympus Tough Series Includes models that are: Waterfront coon ta SOR | Shockprac to 7M | Crushprant Yo 220K! | Freasepronl 12advertisement TOUGH TERRAIN— TOUGHER CAMERA ‘This soring, award-winning adventure photographer TIM KEMPLE traveled to southern loeland’s rugged national parks, hiking trails, beaches, and glaciers to test the new Olympus Tough Series. While there, the epic landscapes were pummeled by sudden extreme weather changes, making a waterproot, treezeproot, shockproof, and crushproot camera essential. Here Kemple shares how he got these photos. ALL IMAGES WERE TAKEN WITH THE OLYMPUS TOUGH, TRAIL RUNNING LAKI LAVA FIELDS, ICELAND (On this day ultre-tunner Rory Bosio and | encountered rain and vwind—but that was perfect for the images | wanted to capture, “The rain had tumed the moss an electic green, the waterfalls were raging in the distance, and the passing fog created another layer cf depth in the imagery that was unique. And there was nobody con the trails for miles! BOULDERING IN THORSMORK, ICELAND We had heard rumors of bouldering potential in a particular spot in Thérsmork, or “Thor's Forest.” a beautiful valley below lecland!'s southem volcanic mountains. Once we found i, | started looking ‘or an angle that allowed the climber, Blake Hendrix, to pop trom the frame and show the depth of the landscape. To create a layer in the foreground thal guides the eye to the subject, I had to lay the ‘camera in the damp moss. EXPLORING AN ICE CAVE, EYJAFJALLAJOKULL, ICELAND. ‘Alter a day of adventuring, we tured one last comer and saw 2 small river pouring out of a glacier. It created this giant cave al its base. We were lke kids and just ran ful-speed to explore the ‘cave. It was cold inside and water was dripping everywhere. When |Imade it to the back of the cave, | turned and saw Rery Bosio reaching for the natural water flow. Luckily I had my camera in my pocket, and I was able to snap a couple of candid moments, om To find cut more about the Tough —o'mpus Toush Series, visit (es . getolympus.com/tough, LETTERS Delaware The text repeats a common misuse of the name of the stream that flows through the valley. It is Brandywine Creek, not river, as officially designated by the US. Board on Geographic Names. Most just call it the Brandywine. Now let's debate the proper pronunciation of “creek.” HARRY THEMAL Wilmington, Delaware Though often informally referred to by the variant name Brandywine River, as itis {in our text, the Brandywine was officially recognized as a creek in 1959. Mahogany We censure the Chinese for the slaugh- ter of Africa’s elephants and rhinos. But now it appears, since we have been its primary importer, we must censure. ourselves for the slaughter of Peru's mahogany. KENNETH BARNES st Petersburg, Florida Manatees The photo on pages 84-85 of kayakers harassing manatees is an excellent exam- ple of ignorance. Each of them ought to get the gift of three friendly black bears to live in their home. The bears’ function would be to watch their every move for hours on end, plus obstruct their move- ments whenever possible. JAMES R. WISIALOWSKI ‘Wheeling, West Virginia Europe’s Wild Men We wanted to add another set of wild men to the list. In February 2009 we. were lucky to see Hungary's version at the Busdjards festival in Mohacs. The monsters, called bus, had a gentle demeanor but made lots of noise as they chased away winter and Ottoman Turks: in a continuation of a very old festival. DAREN AND AMY STENNES Arvade, Colorado0 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC ‘The National Geographic Society is charterod in Washington, Das Inspiring people to care about the planet a nonprofit scientific land educational organization “Tor the increage and difusion of geographic knowledge.” Siren Vee Pe toe nec lor ‘Stowe crone Dn nck rama Jami shee Scenes) ‘Soaove cron a doy ets oon Oe for rant! ai rem dng eae (apne) rome uaa: Coty ‘by Bey hon eg assesment at ONE, Rael |Slagan hao! 2 ame, sonatas eat Sree tony Cy ‘orm wee: Cac None Don et. Jet K Bune, ky Gap Boer fn yet Sem rary, es ens one an ecru erate Daa usr beaut oct: age G.Zascae {Eras Darl Som. nurrnr Cabere Zcerman sur aceon on Sage wor enone cht nc Eten Saat ew (a Sy Deore ‘ty Mo fsa ray batho ere) Sin ran farce use al Nese ‘eon ere: oe en, Moe Gas Km Maton, ames ebay ‘Get mr pow ra enn odseman semen tara ny Wek ‘Ban Veer ranma Vr Sgt, Se ater Ref agi fore ndoage Cane Ce. senate Sry Huan: Shey. BRAC, ‘ta Mtan Eye pan Ebr Sho Joa Tes tes Yr eur emare cron tn a eben omen: De Vin ant ocr: sina Yen ‘Sinaseoee Foran & See rn Geach gins He Man Ryn “Sinfoniescrice tase cmon ere us Pate seer Se ‘Rrome Goclsan Lawn ferns seen Ns Segre ‘Suse iy Car Dey ee sn er ae Gea 25 Sands Sansnama: ohne Sh Mato lw. merch Code ecard ‘ih ey rear omen Me §. oes {sme Sinan say teveon cae a Sot steno Hat Se, ent Son Chacy Uy ston nso: es lage fra La, ont Sakae econ nda Bane sermon gee Rone xm oot ¥en Sn ‘eon wer mooi hn Koc. spare a oper Wa St. re aoe ‘Sototbchy Rowe” sure ene remnaer aon ene ae og ‘eco etucoe Sone hia. coon vase esuebe Sash SseDn ‘ae Dlr igh ate Eater pn. Cavs. Da ohare ting ‘cel oats Coe rapran a cn taa agen amano ea oat hy ee te ao § et Tate Sumi mc Baton hyo tc ne “wore Reber Cone Ces nee eee = ower vor meson Pp Scie: tite vir nestor: Tomas J i, Nel Evans. fes Fay, ru Hon, ‘Sabty ea ona Eee Span tren ang Arn st eee ec Cen han ah Tru wamnone eon: iy Kokak ne Hetaras a emo unm mmc née: Yee ‘ae Ye hen oneou Deets eae ce Stemi tog frown, Bs eassau tact atin oj sehesio ‘Sita er rs Toou'tscratou ewe ender ‘Sane Erin ute at ea eu Sno in lem ciate ta Tse an ft Panel ‘Rey Neste St me ie ten 18 Sn era Now Yc NY OD Prone: 212610800 Far BE BIDS SECTVe Wet rene ate WORD ue CBU sky. Tan AEs econ Sse ante we era ernie Boron mess tess [SS srewrene Varga Sch ure uae Noh ‘czho nyana orc: Cae Meroe, once: dre Hepa "tei nag Ss ba tone) ‘cement ichaner sea Paar em fae Sey (ema srecen Crna © Abe fenbw Sons stra Bahar ema, Atha Sewn ew Sota NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC » AUGUST 2013 cre aro Eberron Nice coves cuca Sonate See Ser Sanne, Heereeesets Sooo Egan arp on cow Teme tats ce Shon ern eet Sora neem taet, Ee eee ee ee eee een Ser Pook F Noonan Seon tetas oy Sere eee eeeenrervomea ea a Bese eaten Eigoon woreneneetae sea eeterteeria erecta, faa cite cea meetie ut em ienaene Sage ee Seine i ee senso Sateen trueeuramnenses eran ey eae aren SEAT ea porergg cr Saavedra Eemiiea eect imiterns as soto stocten terse, Shea Reig ee Sette ee rete See ahre nae setnesonm ato Seles SSEoee Sie Matcon bon cate Aedes Scmecrsererte mine ne ceoane ake Pesonr Hwan, Overt enim mir Crane MoneNOW’S THE TIME TO HELP PROTECT YOURSELF WITH THE SHINGLES VACCINE NO MATTER HOW HEALTHY YOU FEEL, SHINGLES COULD STILL HAPPEN TO YOU. ZOSTAVAX Zoster Vaccine Live Shingles is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. The virus stays in your body and can resurface at any time as Shingles — a painful, 4 blistering rash. And no matter acualdlaicalradhimoge how healthy you feel, your risk increases as you get older. ks pil a eo The sooner you get vaccinated with ZOSTAVAX, the a better your chances of protecting yourself from vaccinated to help prevent Shingles. *AciP=Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Copyright ©2013 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp,, a subsidiary of Merck & Co,, Inc.All rights reserved. VACC-1077054-0002 05/13 Shingles, In fact, the ACIP* of the CDC (Centers for SS Disease Control and Prevention) recommends that appropriate adults 60 years of age and older get 7Talk to your health care professional to see if ZOSTAVAX® (Zoster Vaccine Live) is right for you. ZOSTAVAX is given as a single shot. ZOSTAVAX cannot be used to treat Shingles, or the nerve pain that may follow Shingles, once you have it. For more information, visit ZOSTAVAX.com or call 1-877-9 SHINGLES. ABOUT ZOSTAVAX ZOSTAVAX is a vaccine that is used for adults 50 years of age or older to prevent Shingles (also known as zoster) IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION ZOSTAVAX does not protect everyone, so some people who get the vaccine may still get Shingles. You should not get ZOSTAVAX if you are allergic to any of its ingredients, including gelatin or neomycin, have a weakened immune system, take high doses of steroids, or are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. You should not get ZOSTAVAX to prevent chickenpox. Talk to your health care professional if you plan to get ZOSTAVAX at the same time as PNEUMOVAX°23 (Pneumococcal Vaccine Polyvalent) because it may be better to get these vaccines at least 4 weeks apart Possible side effects include redness, pain, itching, swelling, hard lump, warmth, or bruising at the injection site, as well as headache. ZOSTAVAX contains a weakened chickenpox virus. Tell your health care professional if you will be in close contact with newborn infants, someone who may be pregnant and has not had chickenpox or been vaccinated against chickenpox, or someone who has problems with their immune system Your health care professional can tell you what situations you may need to avoid. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit www.fda.govimedwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088 Please read the Patient Information on the adjacent page for more detailed information. BEFORE YOU GET SHINGLES, GET VACCINATED.Patient Information about 9989115 ZOSTAVAX" (pronounced “ZOS tah vax") Generic name: Zoster Vaccine Live You should read this summary of information about ZOSTAVAX before you are vaccinated. If you have any questions about ZOSTAVAX after reading this page, you should ask your health care provider. This information does Not take the place of talking about ZOSTAVAX with your doctor, nurse, or other health care provider. Only your health care provider can decide if ZOSTAVAX is right for you. What is ZOSTAVAX and how does itwork? ZOSTAVAX is a vaccine that is used for adults 50 years of age or older to prevent shingles (also known as zoster) ZOSTAVAX contains a weakened ‘chickenpox virus (varicella-zoster virus). ZOSTAVAX works by helping your immune system protect you from getting shingles. Ifyou do get shingles even though you have been vaccinated, ZOSTAVAX may help prevent the nerve pain that can follow shingles in some people. ZOSTAVAX does not protect everyone, so some people who get the vaccine may still get shingles. ZOSTAVAX cannot be used to treat shingles, or the nerve pain that may follow shingles, once you have it What do Ineed to know about shingles and the virus that ‘causes it? Shingles is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. Once you have had chickenpox, the virus an stay in your nervous system for many years. For reasons that are not fully understood, the virus may become active again and give you shingles. Age and problems with the immune system may increase your chances of getting shingles. Shingles is a rash that is usually fon one side of the body. The rash bogins as a cluster of small red spots that often blister, The rash can be painful. Shingles rashes usually last Up to 30 days and, for most people, the pain associated with the rash lessens as it heals, ‘Copyright ©2008 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. 2 subsisiary of Merck & Co. Ine. Al vights reserved Who should not get ZOSTAVAX? You should not get ZOSTAVAX if, you: * are allergic to any of its ingredients. * are allergic to gelatin or neomycin + have a weakened immune system (for example, an immune doficiency, leukemia, lymphoma, or HIVIAIDS) * take high doses of steroids by injection or by mouth. * are pregnant or plan to get pregnant, You should not get ZOSTAVAX to prevent chickenpox. Children should not get ZOSTAVAX. How is ZOSTAVAX given? ZOSTAVAX is given as a single dose by injection under the skin. What should | tell my health care You should tell your health care provider if you: * have or have had any medical problems. * take any medicines, including non-prescription medicines, and dietary supplements. + have any allergies, including allergies to neomycin or gelatin. + had an allergic reaction to another * are pregnant or plan to become, Pregnant. * are breast-feeding, Tell your health care provider if you expect to be in close contact (including household contact) with newborn infants, someone who may be pregnant and has not had chickenpox or been vaccinated against chickenpox, or someone who has problems with their immune system. Your health care provider can tell you what situations you may need to avoid, Can get ZOSTAVAX with other vaccines? Talk to your health care provider if you plan to get ZOSTAVAX at the same time as the flu vaccine. Talk to your health care provider if you plan to gst ZOSTAVAX at the same time as PNEUMOVAX"23 (Pneumococcal Vaccine Polyvalent) because it may be better to get these vaccines at least 4 weeks apart. What are the possible side effects of ZOSTAVAX? The most common side effects that people in the clinical studies reported after receiving the vaccine include: * redness, pain, itching, swelling, hard lump, warmth, or bruising where the shot was given. * headache ‘The following additional side effects have been reported with ZOSTAVAX: * allergic reactions, which may be serious and may include difficulty in breathing or swallowing. If you have an allergic reaction, call your doctor right away. chickenpox fever hhives at the injection site joint pain muscle pain rash rash at the injection site swollen glands near the injection site (that may last a few days to a few weeks} Tell your health care provider if you have any new or unusual symptoms after you receive ZOSTAVAX. For a complete list of side effects, ask your health care provider. Call 1-800-986-8999 to report any exposure to ZOSTAVAX during pregnancy, What are the ingredients of ZOSTAVAX? Active Ingredient: a weakened form of the varicella-zoster virus. Inactive Ingredients: sucrose, hydrolyzed porcine gelatin, sodium chloride, monosodium L-glutamate, sodium phosphate dibasic, potassium phosphate monobasic, potassium chloride. ‘This page summarizes important information about ZOSTAVAX. If you would like more information, talk to your health care provider or visit the website at www.ZOSTAVAX.com or Issued June 2011 Distributed by: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, 2 subsidiary of Merck & Co,, Inc. Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889, USA \VACC-1077054-0002 05/13,MOoN LANDS ON Man! The skeptics said it couldn’t be done... but our Moon Phase proves that one small step for Stauer is one giant leap for watch lovers! * has always taken scientific skill and artistic wizardry to discover the Moon’s secrets. When Galileo Galilei turned his telescope towards the Moon in 1609, he relied on his knowledge of light and shadow Jearned as a painter to understand the movements of the heavenly orb. We relied on that same pairing of art and science to create one of our most complicated and beautiful. movements yet... for an unbelievable price! Previously offered for $399, the stars have finally aligned to make the Stauer Moon Phase Watch available for ONLY $99! Solving the mystery of Moon time. Since earthly time is measured at regular 12 month intervals, the Moon's month is at odds with our calendar. A lunar month is 29.53 days, so a Moon- phase watch needs to keep time in two totally different ways. That’s why antique watch collectors are always quick to bid on this type of complex lunar movement. You'll find them among the rarest and most expensive vintage watches ever sold at auction. Not long ago, one of the most important moon-phase timepieces fetched an incredible $5.7 million! 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It tends to turn broadside to the waves, making it dangerously unstable. We had only wo oars, andthe assistants were rowing furiously to keep the bow into the wind, but as soon as they stopped, the dinghy would drift sideways again. The pilot's attempts. to restart the engine weren't working. We'd been stranded for about two hours before visibility increased and the chief recognized two rocks jutting out of the water. The chief and | grabbed a tarpaulin, tied each side to an oar, and held the rudimentary sail up to catch the wind. Using the 20-foot stick for poling around atolls, as a rudder, the operator steered us ‘toward Kawa Island. The chief knew ‘where it was in relation to the rocks. With difficulty we headed to the windless side of the island so the ‘weather wouldn't dash us against the coral island's edge. We gripped sur- rounding coral to pull ourselves hand over hand to shore. Freezing and with little food, we walked the mile to the nearest village to spend the night. It turned into a week, due to continu- ing storms. Later we learned that a passenger ferry carrying hundreds of people had been out in the sane weather. A wave came over the stern, and many were lost. Thanks to a quick-thinking Kawa chief named Nel- son—a good omen for any Englishman on board a ship—we were still five. 8 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHI + AuGUST 2015The Invention of the Year is Great News for your Ears Perfect Choice HD™ is simple to use, hard to see and easy to afford... it’s like reading glasses for your ears™! New Personal Sound Amplification Product (Over the years, technology has made the way we live ‘easier, safer and more convenient. In many cases, it’s even made many products more affordable (remember how much the first VCR used to cost?). Now, if you need some help in turning up the volume on the world around you, a new solution has been invented... it's called Perfect Choice HD™. Perfect Choice HD is NOT a hearing aid. 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Formulated with high nutrient density Visit PurinaONE.com/instinct to find out more. with Purina ONE by creative TUDIO How Canine Genomics Influence Purina ONE Nutrition ‘The civersityin the canine genome is evidenced by the broad range in the size of diferent breeds, (One major component in this variation of sizes involves genetic expression of acellular signal called “Insulin-like Growth Factor” (IGF) a link that Purina scientists highlighted as co-authors of an article that was featured in the journal “Science.” To provide optimal nutrition for dogs ofall sizes, Purina ONE has formulas for all canine metabolisms.“Cast your mind back Fastforward to the Industrial is discarded, scrambled, or moved 15,000 years,” says Revolution in the late 18th century, elsewhere in the book,” he says. when the wealthy began to breed This can drastically alter the flow Dr. Matthew Breen, dogs, “not solely for ther function.” and meaning of the story. Professor of Genomics says Breen, "but increasingly for their at North Carolina State appearance.” Today, the American “With genome sequencing, we University's College of Kennel Club recognizes 175 breeds, take the entire book and meta- from massive Mastiffs to wee Chi- _phorically pass it through a paper Veterinary Medicine. huahuas, all with discrete instincts shredder.” To assemble the genome, He imagines a scenario but descended from a common wolf the shreddings are used to rebuild where human encamp- ancestor. There are working dogs the "pages." Each “page” is stamped ments would be threat- and companions—and now, dogs with a number and a comprehensive ened by wolves looking "28 eet information may help table of contents developed Sto save your life to make a snack of their Another important focus of this livestock. The humans. Purina’s longstanding partnership research is nutritional genomics. may have thrown food with the canine genomics community Purina’s continued investment in includes facitating geneticists’ work canine genome sequencing research to the wolves, launching and serving as the primary sponsor —_and the analysis of theses “pages” the symbiotic relation- ofthe biannual Advances in Canine has already provided insights that ship between man and and Feline Genomics and Inherited have led to breakthrough nutritional his best friend, the dog, Disease conference. These contsibu- solutions for canine health and tions have enabled key findings and _ well-being. new ways of applying dog genome mapping research to be more widely For example, Purina has lever- disseminated and shared. aged its molecular understanding of antioxidants systems that have Dr. Breen specializes in identify. evolved within the canine genome ing genes in several canine cancers to protect against damaging free- that offer hope for advancing treat- radicals ments for both dogs and humans. “Human and dog genomes are in- Canine genome research con- credibly similarin that we both get tinues to enable scientists from spontaneous genetic diseases,” he — many fields to pioneer advances says. Moreover, itis easier to identify that impact the well-being of both problematic areas in ados’s genome dogs and humans. “We are living because the genetic variation among longer and it's having a huge effect dogs of the same breed is much on aur healthcare,” says Dr. Breen, lower than thevariation in humans, “and its the same with our pets.” By supporting canine genomic research, Dr. Breen explains the genome Purina is helping to improve the sequence as a “book,” with chro- health and well-being ofall types of obo lotslbl fetid) sooto.d| lds) ovehscbeolelioldlaljol4s colt “0; F . 2 mosomes as “chapters” that tell a dogs—and working to help enrich S coet%e Specific story. ‘What we often see the quality of their years with pro- = in cancers is that an entire chapter active owners like you. @ = . —, ; . =2 ay: +: ‘ - 3 DR. MATTHEW BREEN began his career over 20 years ago working on the Human Genome Project and has since been pioneering comparative aspects of cancer research with a primary focus on companion animals. He Is Professor of Genomics at North Carolina State University’s College of Veterinary Medicine and member of the Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research. [bol gontlacttolesiol4YOUR SHOT Tis page features two photo readers via online voting. For more information, goto yourshotnatonalgeographic.co prrons’ cwoice Fukuoke, Japan During a ceremony to bless young children at Japan's Sumiyoshi Shrine in Fukuoka, Baba, a graduate student, spied this minor assault with an artificial flower. Both brothers later laughed. Etobicoke, Canada Ona photo excursion to Costa Rica, Lorenz wanted desperately to photograph red-eyed tree frogs. Just before dusk she got lucky: One approached a branch nearby. Unsteady, it grabbed a stalk of fungus to balance itself, then quickly climbed away, 16 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC + AUGUST 2013rg me in motion: Celebrex can help relieve arthritis pain...so you can keep moving. Staying active can actually relieve arthritis symptoms. But if you have arthritis, staying active can be diffcut Celebrex can help relieve arthritis pain...so your body can stay in motion, * Just one 200mg Celebrex a day can provide 24-hour relief for many with arthritis pain and inflammation* * Celebrex is proven to improve pain, stiffness and daily physical function in clinical studies** * Celebrex can be taken with or without food. * In clinical studies, a lower percentage of patients taking Celebrex reported stomach discomfort (including indigestion, abdominal pain, and nausea) versus those taking prescription ibuprofen and naproxen. When it comes to finding the right arthritis treatment for you, you and your doctor need to balance the benefts with the Tisks, So ask your doctor about prescription Celebrex. It could be an important step towards keeping your body in motion. Visit celebrex.com or call 1-888-CELEBREX for more information. “Individual results may vary. **Clinical studies with osteoarthritis patients. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit www fa. gow/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088. Important Safety Information: FO ae rolvccan: have the same eerdinpecuae ithe stomach or intestines; righ bood pressure or heart ring. They may allrease techanoeatheartattack or flue; of kidney or Iver problems, stroke, which can lead to death. This chance increases CELEBREX should not be taken in late pregnancy if you have heart disease or risk factors for it, such as high ‘ ; blood pressure or when NSAIDs ae taken for long periods, lé-treatening alric reactions can occur with CELEBREX Get help right away if you've had swelling of the face or CELEBREX should not be used right before or after certain throat or trouble breathing, Do not take tif you have bleeding heart surgeries. inthe stomach or intestine or you've had an asthma attack, Serious skin reactions, or stomach and intestine problems _H¥@S, O other allergies to asprin, other NSAIDs or certain " >MS drugs called sulfonamides. such as bleeding and ulcers, can occur without warning and may cause death. Patients taking aspirin and the Prescription CELEBREX should be used exactly as prescribed elderly are at increased risk for stomach bleeding and ulcers. _at the lowest dase possible and for the shortest time needed. See the Medication Guide on the next page for important information about Celebrex and other prescription NSAIDs. = CS Pfizer Helpful Answers" Uninsured? Need help paying for Pfizer medicines? LE ny anette perpen stance Pfizer has programs that can help. Call 1-866-706-2400 or vist PfizerHelpfulAnswers.com Tell your doctor if you have: a history of ulcers or bleeding CELEBREX fora body in motion’ mam (SPS62718-05 201 Par nights reserved pl 2013 (CELECOXIB CAPSULES)'S53‘What the most important information | should know about medicines Called Non-SteroldalAnt-ittammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)? [NSAID medicines may increase the chance ofa heart attack or stroke that can lead to death, This chance increases * wih longer use of NSAID mecicines * in people who have heart disease [NSAID medicines should never be used right before of ater a heart surgery called a "coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).” [NSAID medicines can cause wiers and bleeding inthe stomach and intestines at any time during treatment. Ulcers and bleeding: * can happen without warning symptoms may cause death ‘The chance ofa person geting an ulcer or bleeding Increases with: * taking medicines called “corticosteroids” and “antcoagulnt longer use smoking Atinkng alcohol older ane * ang poor health [NSAIO medicines should only be used: * ect as prescribed + at th lowest dase possible for your treatment + forthe short ime needed ‘What are Non Steridal Ant-tnlammatory Drags (NSAIDS)? [NSAID mecicins are used fo teat pin and redness, swalin, and heat {attammation) from modical concn such a5 + iferent yes of ants, Get emergency help right away if you have any of the following symtoms: shortness of breath or rouble rething chest pan weal in ne pat ors of your body slurred spaech sweling ofthe face or troat ‘Slop your NSAID medicine and call your healthcare provide right away it you have any ofthe following symptoms: nausea more ted or weaker thn usual + ehing + your sin or eyes laokylow «stomach pain fue symptoms vomt bk the Bd your bel movement tis Waka sok ike tar © skin rash or blisters with fever © unusual weight gain ‘swelling of the arms and legs, hands and feet ‘These are not all the side effects with NSAID madicines. Talk to your ‘healthcare provider or pharmacist for more information about NSAID imeicies. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report ‘side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088, (er infomation about Nor StridlAn-ntammatoy Orgs (NSADs) * Aspinis an NSAID medic butt doesnot increase hechance ot 2 heat allack.Aspinn can cause beeing in the brain, stomach and intestines. Aspirin can also cause ulcers in the stomach and inestes, + Some of these NSAID medicines are sold in lower doses with- ‘out a prescription (over-the-counter). Talk to your healthcare pro- vider before using over-the-counter NSAIDs for more than 10 days. * mens cramps ad oer types of short-term pain NSAID medicines that need a prescription Who should nol ake 2 Non-SleroidalAnt-nftammatory Drug (NSAID)? Dara ae an SAO medene: yore ASAD)? (Gar ane | Fadrane . ti on wt seiner ay onerhenbricocne oe NeT@e aebON HN fenae | Catan, VoRaren, Arto (amined + fot pan ngnt before or after heart bypass sugery vith misoprostol) ‘Tell your healthcare provider: Diflunisal Dolobid + aout al you mail conditions, Elodlac Lote, Lodine XC * sbout al ofthe mecicnes you fae. NSAIDS and some other [Fenoprofen | Nalfon, Nan 200, matings can intact wi each other and cause senaus side [Furbprofen | Ansaid etic Keep alist of your medicines to show to yourhealtcare | issprbtn Matin Tb Prof, Venprfen® (combined with provider and pharmacist tygrocadone), Combunox (combined + HT you are pregnant, NSAID medicines should not be used by thomeod pregnant women la in their pregnancy. th exyendone) + Hyovare beasteecing. Tal to your dato. Tndometfacin | Incin,ndocin SR, ndo-Lemmon, What are the possible side effects of Non-Steroidal Anti- Indomethagan. Joflamatory Drugs (NSAIDS)? Ketoprofen | Orwail Serious side effects include: Retoriac_——| Tora * ‘eat atack MefenamicAei_| Poste * stoke Melricam | Matic high lod pressure Nabumetone | Relafen heart fare fom body swing (id retention) Naproxen Naprosyn, Hraprox Araprox DS, Eo-Wapronm, kidney problems including kidnay fare Naprln,Naprapac(copackagad with Mest a ers nf sonal ese tensoprazle * low blood cel anemia ‘rapa [Da + ietaoong sins Pian —[ Fee + Meteenngalerg atone ulnar Cinatt * vr problems incuding ver allure Bape itor hha asl {aietn Toles, Toon DS, Tlatin 600 che ec SE Ra naar Mar er ae ; ome a : frat pain sete SA el wars hat ng te conan use : : may increase tei or stoke. ie > anes ‘Tis eatin Gite as been apr bye US Fada Crug Adintaton. UBIOSOLD OUT rece Bl When They’re Gone, They’re GONE JUST RELEASED: This new China Silver Panda is a first-ever—and it’s going fast! Each year, when China releases its Silver Panda coin, millions of collectors and silver lovers around the world swarm the market for these red-hot silver beauties, But even though the China Mint has raised their mintages from 600,000 to 8 million in recent years, the China Silver Pandas have still sold out each and every year. Why? The answer is surprisingly simple. The Chinese silver rush is on! The China Silver Panda has been one of the world’s most popular coins for the last thirty years. But remarkably, an old 1949 law prohibited Chinese citizens : = from owning these coins until the law was ilbias! Stce: 40 sam 2013 changed in 2004. When the law was finally changed, millions of China’s prosperous new Buy more and SAVE MORE! middle class buyers flooded into the market. 39.95 each for 1-4 coins plus s/h ‘The Chinese silver rush is on! $38.95 each for 5-9 coins plus s/h CRIreatnriten fit rasttvear Pancaae ee org coins plus ah Due to availability and demand, some past- re coe eae coins plus s/h year One Ounce Silver Pandas command AVE UBD, Bes fegktasevaines ieee day) NOTE: Limit of 40 coins per household ee Sikey Panda Toll-Free 24 hours a day iver Panda... 2000 Silver Panda 1-888-373-0651 2009 Silver Panda . . Offer Code PADIG#-02 ee Satisfaction Guaranteed! I As a distributor, we are making our official pi ie mint allocation available on a strictly first New York Mint come, first served basis. If you are not satisfied Rs putbetoes Drive W ry n e a spt. PAD 164-02 with your coins, simply return them within eee Meret a 55057 30 days for a full refund (Jess all sft). wn. NewVorkMint com Prices and availability subject to change without notice. Past performance is not a predictor of future performance. NOTE: New York Mint® is a private distributor of worldwide government coin and currency issues and privately issued licensed collectibles and isnot afiliated with the United States government. Facts and figures deemed accurate as of May 2013 (©2013 New York Mint, LLC.shower SKYCAST Overhead this month in parts of the world iy August 10-13 Y Perseid meteor August 26 © oak forNeptone PYTHON CHALLENGE What happened when Florida declared open season on pythons? FLORIDA HAS DISCOVERED something the parents of teenage boys have Blake Russ of the group known for years: Snakes escape. For decades wholesalers in Florida Florida Python Hunters have imported tens of thousands of pythons to supply American ‘as his hands full. Russ and international pet stores. Among the most popular has been the ‘won $1,000 for catching Burmese python, a relatively docile species found widely across South one ofthe Python Challenge’ longest snakes: It measured eleven fet one inch. and Southeast Asia that grows to about 20 feet and can lay up toa hundred eggs in a clutch. So what makes Florida home to the python business now makes it simply home. Thousands of the snakes, perhaps multiples of that, are now permanently established as a part of the. state's ecosystem. How established is yet unclear. In January the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission launched a Burmese python hunting tournament, the 2013 Python Challenge, awarding cash prizes to the person who brought in the most dead pythons and the largest. Nearly 1,600 people from 38 states regis- tered in two classes: licensed snake hunter and amateur. Contestants were advised to kill the snakes using a bolt gun, a firearm, or a machete. The contest’s goal, according to Frank Mazzotti ecology at the University of Florida, was to contain the snakes, gain insight into their lives, and bring attention to the invasive species issue. Days appear numbered for the big-snake business. In 2010 Florida outlawed Burmese pythons and several other “giant” snake species as. pots, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has imposed a federal ban on their importation or interstate transfer. By the end of the month-long contest, licensed snake hunter Ruben Ramirez—captain of a group called the Florida Python Hunters—had caught the most pythons overall, an astounding 18 of the total 68 harvested, Ramirez's team members wanted to bring their catch in alive but were told they would be disqualified. Instead they shot their snakes with a pellet gun. Said one team member, “It was like shooting my own dog.” —Bryan Christy 18 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC + AUGUST 2013 oro KANE oseNEXT World Without Words Ever since the earliest, recorded paintings were made on cave walls in northern Spain, humans have used visuals to communicate. Some of these message systems are just lists or calendars. Are any of them truly universal languages—with sen- tences—or are they just, collections of universally understood icons? Alanguage needs grammar. How can an organized arrangement of pictures be precise and subtle enough to convey metaphor? What do you “read” here: RET RBED Does it say, “At night, a person goes home to bed and dreams of snakes"? Or could it be, “After cutting his (or her) nails, a person goes into a house but can't get to sleep because the thought of snakes keeps him (or her) awake"? One problem (or one pleasure!) with pictures is that we read into them what we want. Also, both of the interpretations above assume that you are reading from left to right. How universal is that? -Nigel Holmes ‘A SELECTIVE TIME LINE OF PICTORIAL LANGUAGES: cow pk Up to 40,800 years ago paintings about 2400 80. $ Sumerian co a ee wilig food waka avout 20046. eaypin RlerOYBhS ute (ine sound o be eter 120080. Maya calendar icons ainot ‘0.900-1900 $ American indian Petroglyphs», 1925-1945 (HMMM) The bridge between historical and, modern pictorial language is social scientist Otto Neurath. Neurath used charts composed of rows of tiny Tons to tustrate, map, and ‘quantify specs ofits Hnetetit He called his system isotype (international System of Typographic Picture Education) Grane" LXer Bliss) ent herve wos O-AY BR Emoticons (Scott ad)