MODULE 3 PRIVATE WATER SUPPLY SOURCES Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - CEBUWhat are the available water supply sources for private domestic use? + Providing water in buildings is one of the most critical utility requirements. A building without water supply is unfit for human habitation. « Generally, potable water is supplied from a local utility firm through a public water system. + For buildings without public water system, an alternative source of water must be considered, they are: 1. Springs 2. Wells 3. Rainwater Danilo V, Ravina, NAMPAP - CEBUWhat are the factors that affect springs and wells? * The factors that affect springs and wells are: 1. Ground Formations — The sections of the ground formations relative to the availability of ground water can define the suitability of the type of private water supply source to be used. 2. Ground Water — The accumulated ground water tends to flow towards a natural outlet referred to as a spring. Water lying above the impermeable layer is known as ground water and its surface is referred to as the water table. Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - CEBUGround Formation for Springs and Shallow Well: Ground surface inpermetie OGRE HRI Fig. 1.1 Ground formation for springs and shallow well Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - CEBIWhat are Spring Water Sources? ~~] * In most conditions, springs are shallow wells with water supply just a few meters from the ground surface. x— LOCATION PLAN nor TO SCALEWhat is a Spring Box? * Aspring box is a structure that serves as a collector for spring ENLARGED SECTION OF SPRING BOX Nor 70 ‘SCALE water. —— Spring Box for Flat Spring Water Source Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - 6 ciDetails of a Spring Box for Slope Spring Water Source: Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - 7 CEBUWhat are Water Wells? ¢ Wells are holes or shafts sunk into the earth to obtain water from an aquifer. ¢ The design & construction of a well requires: a. scientific knowledge of hydrogeology, b. common sense and c. practical experience Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - clGround Formation for Shallow and Deep Wells: Fig. 1.3 Ground formation for shallow and deep wells It should be noted that the terms “shallow” and “deep” as used here have no bearing upon the measured depth. Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - 9 cGround Formation for a Deep Well: Fig. 1.2 Ground formation for a deep well Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - 10 CEBUGround Formation for an Artesian Well: Water flowing from well pipe Fig 1.4 Ground formation for an artesian well Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - " CEBIWhat are the Types of Wells? * The types of wells according to the method of its construction are: 1. Dug 2. Bored 3. Driven 4. Drilled a. Percussion or Standard b. Rotary c. Reverse-circulation rotary d . Jetting Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - CEBUWhat is a Dug Well? owe. feniens vainy ve Ravine, wmMPAP - Dug well is a well 0.90 to 6.00 meter in diameter dug through soft upper soil. The sides may be of masonry or concrete to prevent from caving-in. It is necessary that the well should be impervious to a depth of at least 3.00 meters.What is a Bored Well? * A Bored Well is constructed using either hand or power driven earth auger. A well casing is lowered to the bottom of the hole. Cement grout is poured into the gap between the hole and the casing to prevent contamination. Fioure1.e Danilc BORED CEBUWhat is a Driven Well? A Driven Well is done by forcing into the earth a 60 to 90 cm long piece of perforated steel tube attached to a pointed screen called a “drive point” «Ravina, NAMPAP - 15 CEBUWhat is a Drilled Well? A drilling rig is used to drill the well hole and then a casing pipe is forced down the hole to prevent it from caving-in. When a water- bearing stratum of sufficient capacity is found, a well screen is set in place to permit the water to flow into the casing and to hold back the fine material. PERCUSSION ma Dany v. navies WaMrAr= 1S CEBUTruck Mounted Drilling Machine: * The depth ofa drilled well is _——— limited only by the distance one must dig to obtain an adequate supply of fresh water, even down to 450 meters (equivalent to a 130 storey building). Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - 7+ Drilled Well by Jetting: Fioure 21 eee ORILLED WELL BY VETTING Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - 18 CEBUThe Rainwater Collection System * Rainwater harvesting remains a viable water source alternative that can be used for flushing water closets & urinals, as well as for landscape purposes wherein potable water is not necessary. * This system typically employs a cistern or covered reservoir tanks to store water collected from roofs or other relatively clean, impervious surfaces. Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - 19 CEBUThe Average Monthly Rainfall Data of Metro Cebu: 4 January 109.00 mm sae February 71.10 mm = March 54.60 mm se April 58.60 mm io May 120.90 mm June 177.00 mm July 196.70 mm August 152.70 mm September 186.70 mm October 201.40 mm November 162.30 mm December 137.70 mm The Average Annuafigiigral Ver Metro Cebu is 1628.70 mm 7°Detail of a Rainwater Collection SystemDetails of a Rainwater Catchment Tank (3 cubic meter ( Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - 22 CEBURAINWATER CISTERN FILTRATION TANK: To remove water acidity, iron and manganese 23ORAINWATER HARVESTING A SIZING oF 6UTTEZ B,SI21NG OF DOW cc. TY OF RAINWSTOR TANK & SIZING OF CUTTER STSP1. Cer THe FoLLOiNg DATA AR A EPPECTIVE ROOF ARsA G Qs Boe PB RAINTEUL IWrensrty (USE Tie DaT= Fem " IF NONE 1S AVAILABLE LSE 0,125 in POS HOUR (8 0. RATE OF FLOW(Q STEP 2, SOLVE For THE ACER OF Hite Dor evtTER (As) BSSTHS Fara Ees WHEE! AC = AEA OF OOF 6VTTER IN mm* Q = RATS OF FLOW [nn CITE pet SEND B = WIl>TR OF SvTTSR, ASSUMES [OOM ee ITO Mm 24,STEP 3 SOG Foe DEPTH OF WATER FLOW (Due). USStHE PeMuLA! Owp * Ae STEP, Sotve fue DEPTH OF SITTER (De), Se THe Prams) aa fron PEGE BOARD De > 2Owet STEPS. DRAW SUTTER PROFILE= SIZING oF DOWNS FOUT For THe DIANETSR OF DOWNSPOOT (e5) Dre = DIAMETER, OF DOWNSPOUT IN) Mm ~ EPFSECTIVE AREA CF ROOF In mt A “ROLE oF THUMB” FoR DOWNSPOUT GAPACITT 42 me Simm gd a’) POWNS POUT Jom eimmg (27) DowNSPOUIT Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - CEBU 16m m*> tozmm ¢ (4) Downs poop 26P SIZING OF RAINWATER TANK (USING RAINFELL INTENSITY METHOD) USE THE FIRMULA % | Cewr = Q xX Zominutes WHEE | Ce CAPACITY’ OF RAINWATER TANK | RMT (w Lies Qs RATE oF FLOW IN LIFERS PER MINTER, Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - a7 CEBU‘a SSIRCOF: PLAN Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - 28 CEBUSetar Te sae aeerrae iy wyeeee Am Aa at [2 — Ole Ho fate RQ =43.97~ onze meee Rs O90lsert on os bee tres On. Fite Lem Ae= SIZE) mm™ ST Bie eS Pa es i $.Giz.ci eee + re PER PER SE, seer: (eet se facet Be wveds Mita a hes = 22a mm o Seems +2 VE Bett om ree Se Sem A > Erse os Sco) + Tesentd) = thee mt +e Ga mt N= 43,37 He Sree Ss. corre: preps Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - 29 CEBUwww.BAGelectronics. © SIZING OF DOWNSPNVT (b,.) Ss D 2 bs = 4 Apiee| WwHers 5 A = 43,87 mZ ce . See pton | 2.2 Dos = 45.10 mm gp ‘bse Simm J pownsrooT @ GARRETT OF RAIN WATER TANK (rin) Cpr = Q * 20 minvres weEee, Q= 41,29 LPM = Alito LPA% Lo UN Crp = 1824 liters om 11a me SAY 210 mn Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - 30 CEBUROOF WASHERS: HANDLING OF THE FIRST FLUSH ROOF WASHERS ARE DEVICES USED een tf Operational water TO WASTE THE INITIAL WATER COMING —>» CJ level OFF THE COLLECTION SURFACE ; BEFORE BEING ALLOWED TO FILL THE Floating ball Spesarter TANK OR CISTERN. bs fey tantane First fush water 1 Debris Small bore collecting in pipe for bottom chamber Small bore automatic me reset Removable cover for cleaning 31ROOF WASHERSESTIMATED ROOF CONTAMINATION POTENTIAL HIGH MEDIUM Low CONTAMINATION* CONTAMINATION CONTAMINATION 8 mm or 0.008 m 2mm or 0.002 m 0.5 mm or 0.0005 m HIGH CONTAMINATION IS CONSIDERED TO HAVE HIGH CONTENT OF ORGANIC DEBRIS FROM ANIMAL WASTE, ADJACENT TREES 8/OR AIRBORNE CONTAMINATION 110mm (4") PVC Pipe Storage Volume 150mm (6") PVC Pipe Storage Volume Length Volume Length Volume 300 mm 2.6 liters 300 mm 5.7 liters 900 mm 7.6 liters 900 mm 17 liters 1500 mm 12.5 liters 1500 mm 28.4 liters 3000 mm 25.5 liters 3000 mm 56.8 liters 4500 mm 56.8 liters 4500 mm 225 liters 33References: + National Water Resources Council. Rural Water Supply Design Manual, Volume 1, NWRC, Quezon City, Philippines, 1980 * Doyle, K.M.: Plumbing & Gas Fitting, Volume 2, Government Printing Office, Mulgrave St., Wellington, 1990 * PAGASA Some illustrations done by DVRavina Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - 34, ciEnd of Presentation Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP - 35