1.
When one or more film holders are used for an exposure, at least one IQI image
shall appear on each radiograph.
2. MIC corrosion is usually observed as localized pitting under deposits or
tubercles that shield the organisms.
3. The transmitted film density through the radiographic image through the body of the
hole type IQI (penetrometer), or adjacent to the wire IQI (penetrometer), in the area
of interest should be within the range 2.0 4.0 for Gamma Ray.
4. The temperature of the calibration standard should be within 25F (14C) of the
part to be examined.
5. Caustic stress corrosion cracking thrives when the temperature rises above 150F
(65C) and is most likely to occur around heating coil connections at the tank wall or
at piping supports on the bottom.
6. The depth of pitting can be measured with a pit gauge or with a straight edge and
steel rule.
7. Imperfections: Flaws or other discontinuities noted during inspection that may or
may not exceed the applicable acceptance criteria.
8. Lining integrity- holiday testing
9. A lead letter B with a minimum dimension of 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) and 1/16 in. (1.55
mm) thickness is typically attached to the back of each film holder/cassette during
each exposure to determine if backscatter radiation is exposing the film. If a light
image of the letter B appears on any radiograph of a darker background,
protection from scatter radiation will be considered insufficient and the radiograph
will be considered unacceptable. A dark image of the B on a lighter background is
not cause for rejection of the radiograph
10. Brittle fracture critical factor- The amount of residual and applied stresses on the
flaw.
11. caustic embrittlement corrosion type cracks
12. Caustic stress corrosion cracking in - internal heating coil.
13. SMAW for superior root pass which electrode used- E6010
14. concentration cell corrosion cause --- The area under a surface deposit may be
penetrated by a thin layer of electrolyte,
15. Corrosion under Insulation is lessen when exposed to sun side.
16. Tension test. Material fails in base metal .acceptance criteria Not less than 5 %of
base metal strength
17. what is the sensitivity level while using hole type IQI---2T should visible or essential
wire
18. Brittle fracture---Fracture occurs only at temperature below charpy impact transition
temperature or DBT.
19. Material damage due to high velocity occurs in which material ---Inconel
20. Mechanical Fatigue---cause--- initiate at surface notchs
21. Mechanical Fatigue---Appearance--- beach marks or clam shell
22. Vibration -induced Fatigue---Due to amplitude and frequency of fatigue
23. Galvanic Corrosion ---Circuit--- Presence of Electrolyte and two different material,
cathode & anode--it will not effect of temperature.
24. CUI ---Prevention---closed cell foam glass materials
25. Boiler water condensate corrosion ---cause ---oxygen and carbon dioxide
26. Microbiologically induced corrosion -- Appearance ---localized pitting under deposits
27. Sulfidation-- Appearance --most often in the form uniform thinning (general wall loss)
28. Chloride Stress corrosion ----cause---cracking may be occur temperature above 140
deg F or 60 deg C
29. 72.Chloride Stess corrosion--Inspection of austinitic Stainless steel --Best NDE Method is PT.
30.
31. 73.T-262.1 Densitometers. Densitometers shall be calibrated at least every 90 days during use as follows:
(a) A national standard step tablet or a step wedge calibration film, traceable to a national standard step
tablet.
32.
33. 74.Magnetizing Equipment (a) Frequency. Magnetizing equipment with an ammeter shall be calibrated at
least once a year, or whenever the equipment has been subjected to major electric repair, periodic
overhaul, or damage. If equipment has not been in use for a year or more, calibration shall be done prior
to first use.
34.
35. 75. The apparent thickness reading obtained from steel walls having elevated temperatures is high (too
thick) by a factor of about 1% per 55C (100F). Thus, if the instrument was standardized on a piece of
similar material at 38C (100F), and if the reading was obtained with a surface temperature of 371C
(860F), the apparent reading should be reduced by 6%. This correction is an average one for many types
of steel.
36.
37. 76.Problems on internal pressure design thickness around 5- 10
38.
39. 77. impact tests shall be conducted in conformance with those requirements as well. When conflicts exist
between the specific requirements of this Code and the requirements of those specifications, the
requirements of this Code shall take precedence. Product Form ASTM Spec. No.
40. Pipe A 333
41. Tube A 334
42. Fittings A 420
43. Forgings A 350
44. Castings A 352
45. Bolting A 320
46. Plate A 20
47.
48. 78. Calulation of impact load temparture by using thcinkess and minimum temparture form A-1 table.
49.
50. 79. Pressure test Calculations for Pnumatic test.
51.
52. 80 Presure test calculation for Flange
53.
