Citizenship involves both rights and responsibilities of individuals as members of a political community. It is defined as full and equal membership in a community, which provides civil, political, and social rights to citizens in exchange for their loyalty and adherence to rules. However, not all people enjoy equal citizenship rights due to issues like gender, social, and economic inequalities. As a result, marginalized groups like slum dwellers, tribal people, and women face discrimination and are unable to fully exercise their rights. There is also a need for a universal or global conception of citizenship to protect stateless refugees and address problems that transcend national borders in today's interconnected world.
Citizenship involves both rights and responsibilities of individuals as members of a political community. It is defined as full and equal membership in a community, which provides civil, political, and social rights to citizens in exchange for their loyalty and adherence to rules. However, not all people enjoy equal citizenship rights due to issues like gender, social, and economic inequalities. As a result, marginalized groups like slum dwellers, tribal people, and women face discrimination and are unable to fully exercise their rights. There is also a need for a universal or global conception of citizenship to protect stateless refugees and address problems that transcend national borders in today's interconnected world.
Citizenship involves both rights and responsibilities of individuals as members of a political community. It is defined as full and equal membership in a community, which provides civil, political, and social rights to citizens in exchange for their loyalty and adherence to rules. However, not all people enjoy equal citizenship rights due to issues like gender, social, and economic inequalities. As a result, marginalized groups like slum dwellers, tribal people, and women face discrimination and are unable to fully exercise their rights. There is also a need for a universal or global conception of citizenship to protect stateless refugees and address problems that transcend national borders in today's interconnected world.
Citizenship involves both rights and responsibilities of individuals as members of a political community. It is defined as full and equal membership in a community, which provides civil, political, and social rights to citizens in exchange for their loyalty and adherence to rules. However, not all people enjoy equal citizenship rights due to issues like gender, social, and economic inequalities. As a result, marginalized groups like slum dwellers, tribal people, and women face discrimination and are unable to fully exercise their rights. There is also a need for a universal or global conception of citizenship to protect stateless refugees and address problems that transcend national borders in today's interconnected world.
Introduction we require certain rights so that we are able to live our life with dignity and can progress and develop in our area of interests. we also require protection so that we are able to have our right to life and property. that is why we require state so that we can be protected from threats.( now duties of state has been extended to providing minimum quality of life.) so we require state. every individual is identified by their nationality and loyalty to their state. What is citizenship? It is defined as full and equal membership of a political community. full membership of a political community means that he/she enjoys all civil as well as political rights under the protection of the state in return of his/her loyalty to the state. Loyalty to the state means that he/she agrees to abide by the rules and regulations of the society, not be disturbance to the society and follow his/her duties completely along with rights. We can understand full membership by taking an example of refugees. They do not have full membership of their country and hence they do not enjoy any rights and live like strangers in other country. Equal membership means that all citizens have got equal rights. Nobody is discriminated on the basis of caste, religion, region and gender. When we talk about citizenship, we talk about rights and along with this duties. we have won this after many struggles for example: freedom struggle by Indians. In South Africa, blacks fought for equal rights. Citizenship is not only about state and citizens relations but also about citizencitizen relations, and duties of citizens to state. Q1. Describe the meaning and definition of citizenship. Q2. what is meant by full membership of community? Q3. what is meant by equal membership of citizenship? EQUAL RIGHTS All citizens should be provided with equal rights, but not everyone in India gets to enjoy equal rights. For example: slum dwellers. slum dwellers come from poorer parts of the country like Bihar and UP and settle in towns to earn a living for them. So they migrate from their villages and land up in metropolitan areas like Delhi and Mumbai. These poor migrants get basic housing and they live in slums areas in one small room with no clean drinking water, sanitation, proper nourishment, and housing. But these migrants also play a very important role by providing us cleaning services at our home, cleaning our cars etc. so even if these poor people are Indians, they do not enjoy the basic minimum necessities of life. Another example is of tribal people. Their forests are being cut by rich people for their own commercial interests. They build hotels, playgrounds and their own beautiful locales but destroy the tribal people's area of living. They have been rendered homeless and been rooted out from their traditional place. Same is the case with women. Women although they have equal rights but still they are being discriminated. They are attacked at night and many crimes are committed against them. Q1. Do tribals share the same equal rights? Q2. Do slumdwellers share the equal rights? Q3. Do all people enjoy equal rights? Citizen and Nation
Nation is different from a country. A country is defined by territory and
government with population in it. Where as nation is defined in terms of culture and history. A nation state provides an identity to an individual on the basis of which they are recognised different than other countries. For example: Indian, Chinese, Portuguese, American. The State, then, provides rights to these individuals so that they can enjoy themselves. Different states provide different rights. Indian constitution has included citizenship in part 2. citizenship can be acquired by birth, descent, registration, naturalisation and inclusion of territory. If an individual is born in a country, he/she automatically becomes citizen of that country. Descent means that if his/her parents are born in that country, he/she automatically becomes citizen of that country. Registration means by registering or applying for citizenship of another country. Naturalisation means that person lives in the country for a minimum period of time and then naturally he/she acquires the citizenship of that country. Inclusion of territory: if a country acquires a territory of a country, then the defeated country acquires the citizenship of a victorious country. Q1. how is citizenship acquired? Q.2. What do you mean by Naturalised citizenship? Universal citizenship We have just read that national citizenship cannot be enjoyed by people fully because there are social and economic inequalities. Some people cannot enjoy their rights fully. But when we look at the world, then we see that war, famine and devastation have made people stateless. They do not have citizenship of state that can provide them protection and rights. They are dependent on the other country to provide protection and minimum basic needs to them. India is surrounded by many countries on its borders and almost all neighbouring countries are affected by violence and disturbance. So people leave their country and come in India. But there's a limit to which any country can absorb refugees and the country has to look after its own people first. This is a globalised and interdependent world. Technology like internet, mobile have made communications faster and easier. There are global problems like war, devastation, weapons, famine which needs to be dealt globally. So now we need global citizenship and human rights so that everybody's rights can be protected and they can become part of the world rather than feeling alien and worthless because they do not have protection of state. Q1. What is global citizenship? Q2. What is the need for global citizenship? TH Marshall on citizenship TH Marshall in his book "citizenship and social class" defined citizenship as one who possesses full and equal membership of community. he gave three kinds of rights: a. civil rights: protection of life , liberty and property b. political rights: right to vote c. social rights: right to education, employment. Q1.. Who was T.H. Marshall? Q1. Which rights are considered most important by T.H. Marshall in his idea of citizenship.
