This document summarizes 6 lab exercises on computer networking topics:
1. Introduction to computer networks and the OSI model.
2. Network devices like switches and routers, and Ethernet.
3. Implementing a LAN on Cisco Packet Tracer.
4. Connecting a LAN to servers like DNS and web servers.
5. Extending the previous lab on DNS and HTTP servers.
6. Describing subnets through examples, including subnet masks, network addresses, and host IPs.
This document summarizes 6 lab exercises on computer networking topics:
1. Introduction to computer networks and the OSI model.
2. Network devices like switches and routers, and Ethernet.
3. Implementing a LAN on Cisco Packet Tracer.
4. Connecting a LAN to servers like DNS and web servers.
5. Extending the previous lab on DNS and HTTP servers.
6. Describing subnets through examples, including subnet masks, network addresses, and host IPs.
This document summarizes 6 lab exercises on computer networking topics:
1. Introduction to computer networks and the OSI model.
2. Network devices like switches and routers, and Ethernet.
3. Implementing a LAN on Cisco Packet Tracer.
4. Connecting a LAN to servers like DNS and web servers.
5. Extending the previous lab on DNS and HTTP servers.
6. Describing subnets through examples, including subnet masks, network addresses, and host IPs.
This document summarizes 6 lab exercises on computer networking topics:
1. Introduction to computer networks and the OSI model.
2. Network devices like switches and routers, and Ethernet.
3. Implementing a LAN on Cisco Packet Tracer.
4. Connecting a LAN to servers like DNS and web servers.
5. Extending the previous lab on DNS and HTTP servers.
6. Describing subnets through examples, including subnet masks, network addresses, and host IPs.
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LAB: 1
Topic of the work:
Introduction of Computer networks and its Classification and other components. After Completing this exercise you will be able to: i) ii) iii)
Identify and describe what is the basic difference between Computer
networks and other Data network Identify and describe the functions of each of the seven layers of the OSI model Identify the reasons why the networking industry uses a layered model
A layered networking model is advantageous because it:
i)
ii) iii)
iv) v)
Simplifies the networking model by dividing it into
finite number of components, which makes it easier to comprehend and use. Enables programmers to specialize in a particular level or layer of the networking model Provides design modularity which allows upgrades to specific layer to remain separate from other layers Encourages interoperability by promoting balance between different networking models Following figure shows the OSI model,
LAB:2 Topic of work Introducing the devices to control and extend the reusable size of a network And simulation tool Cisco Packet Tracer
Switch increases network performance by reducing the number of
frames transmitted to the rest of a network. Discussing about its advantages and disadvantages Routers operate at the Network Layer and provide filtering and network traffic control on LANs and WANS. Discussing about its advantages and disadvantages Ethernet is most commonly used LAN technology because it is the most efficient choice for LANs. Fast Ethernet (100Mbps) and Gigabit Ethernet (1000Mbps) are faster technology in Ethernet world.
LAB:3 Topic of the work: Implementing LAN on Cisco Packet Tracer After Completing this exercise you will be able to: i) ii) iii)
Identify and describe what is LAN and its necessity
How to implement a LAN from a narrower to space to broader one Introduce with data connection cable like Copper Straight, Copper Cross, and Serial DCE etc.
Necessary components to implement LAN:
i)
Switch
ii) iii)
PCs Data Connection Cable
How to implement: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi)
In Cisco Packet Tracer all icons are working as drag and drop method in interface area. Suppose we are going to take four PC and one switch. As PC and switch are different devices, so we have to connect them through copper straight cable. Then configure the PCs by assigning its IP address. After completing the connection and assigning IP address we have to check whether the LAN is working or not. To check connectivity of a LAN we are going to use PING function.
LAB:4 Topic of the work: Connectivity of LANs with servers (Local DNS, Web Servers) After Completing this exercise you will be able to: i) ii) iii) iv)
Identify and describe what is DNS,HTTP and its necessity
How to implement a LAN connected with servers. Introduce with data connection cable like Copper Straight, Copper Cross, and Serial DCE etc. Extensive discussion on DNS & HTTP server which are frequently used in our real time application area.
Necessary components to implement
i) ii) iii)
Pcs Switches Servers
LAB:5 Topic of the work Extension of previous work with DNS server & HTTP server Following figure shows one of the PC Configuration
Following figure shows DNS server IP Configuration
Following figure shows how to insert a data on DNS server
Now go to PC for its web browser and put the name that you set in DNS
LAB:6 Topic of the work:
Describe subnet through some example
After Completing this exercise you will be able to: i)
Identify and describe what is subnet and subnet mask? Identify and describe the functions of each of the seven layers of the OSI model Through some example you able to develop subnet & IP of hosts
ii)
Problem#1 Suppose a given network address is 172.16.0.0/21. What would be the
subnet mask, sub network addresses and find IP of host. Network Subnet Mask = 255.255.248.0 Solution: Address 172 172 172 172 172 . .. . . 172
Host IP 172.16.32.0 172.16.32.1 172.16.32.2 172.16.32.3
172.16.32.255 . 172.16.33.40
Now, Find the network address of 172.16.33.40
172
16
00100001
00101001
IP Address
255
255
11111000
00000000
Subnet Mask
172 172
16 16
00100000 32
00000000 0
After Anding
Problem#2 XYZ is multi-billion company having 24 departments and each
department consisting no more than 750 hosts. Design the IP network based on the requirements stated above and answer the following: 1) Total number of network bits 2) Total number of host bits 3) Subnet mask of the network 4) Total number of useable subnets 5) Total number of useable host IP in each subnet Lets say, you are the administrator of subnet # X. Now find the followings of your assigned subnet. a) Subnet address of your assigned (Ex: subnet - 17) network. b) Broadcast address of your assigned network c) IP address of the 634th host Solution: Examining the scenarios, we Class B IP addressing will be used. Now take 5 bits to the network bits from the host bits for creating subnets. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Total number Total number Subnet mask Total number Total number
of of of of of
network bits = 16+5 = 21
host bits = 16-5=11 the network=255.255.248.0 useable subnets = 30 useable host IP in each subnet = 2 11 2 = 2048 2 = 2046
a) Subnet address of your assigned (Ex: subnet - 17) network = 172.16.136.0
b) Broadcast address of the assigned network (subnet - 17) =172.16.10001111.11111111 = 172.16.143.255 c) IP address of the 634th host =172.16.10001010.01111010 = 172.16.138.122
LAB:7 Topic of the work:
Implement a subnet through some example
After Completing this exercise you will be able to: i) ii)
How to configure a router and develop two subnet
Communication between host on different subnet.
Router Configuration Code is as follows:
--- System Configuration Dialog --Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n Press RETURN to get started! Router>enable Router# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0 Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.16.10 255.255.240.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state
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