API 653
Minimum Thickness For Welded Tank Shell, API 653
Where:
t = minumum acceptable thickness in inches
D = nominal diameter of tank in feet
H = liquid height from bottom of corroded area or floor in feet
C = course number ( C=1 for bottom course )
G = specific gravity relative to water (G = 1.0 for water)
S = maximum allowab le stress in psi. Use smaller of 0.8Y or 0.426T for bottom and 2nd course.
Use smaller of 0.88Y or 0.472T for all other courses.
Y = minimum yield strerength in psi
T = minimum tensile sttrength in psi
E = joint efficiency
Use E=0.7 if original E is unknown. Use E=1.0 when away from welds by 1 inch or 2t.
Calculation based on this formula: t = [2.6 D (H-1) G]/S E E from 2.3.3.1 of API Standard 653
Enter Values
D=
H=
C=
Y=
T=
G=
E=
38
24
1
13000
21000
1
0.7
Value of S selected,
Calculated minimum thickness,
0.8Y =
0.426T =
10400
8946
0.88Y =
0.472T =
8946
S=
t=
0.362876
Page 1
11440
9912
API 570
Minimum thickness for straight pipe, ANSI B31.3
Calculation based on t = PD/2SE from paragraph 304.1.2 of ANSI B31.3
where
t = pressure design thickness in inches
P = internal gage pressure in psi
S = stress value for material from stress table
D = outside diameter of pipe in inches
E = quality factor from table A-1A or A-1B
Enter values
P=
S=
D=
E=
240
20000
0.75
1
Calculated design thickness: t =
0.0045
Page 2
API 510, Shell
Minumum shell thickness for vessel under internal pressure:
Calculation based on ASME Section VIII, Division 1 paragraph UG-27.
Where:
t = minimum required thickness of shell, inches
P = internal pressure, psi
R = inside radius of shell course under consideration, inches
S = maximum allowable stress value, psi. at design temperature.
E = joint efficiency. See UW-12 for welded shells. See UG-53 for ligaments between openings.
The minumum thickness will be the greater thickness of t = (PR)/(SE - 0.6P) for circumferential stress or
t = (PR)/(2SE + 0.4P) for longitudinal stress.
Enter Values:
P=
R=
S=
E=
450 psi
14.5 inches
17,500 psi
0.85
Based on circumferential stress,
Based on longitudinal stress,
t=
t=
NOTE: The value of S is selected from the allowable stress tables and
in for the appropriste design temperature in
Section 2D ot the ASME code. Do not use yield or tensile
stregnth values as in API 653 calculations.
0.447 inches
0.218 inches
USE
Page 3
t=
0.447 inches
API 510, Formed Head
Formed vessel heads in Sterling Chemicals will generally fall into one of two categories.
Ellipsoidal: Inside depth of the head minus the skirt is equal to one fourth of the inside diameter of the skirt.
These are also commonly refered to as 2:1 elliptical heads.
Torispherical: Inside crown radius is equal to the outside diameter of the skirt and the knuckle radius is 0.06 times
the inside crown radius.
It will not be readily apparent in the field whether a head is ellipsoidal or torispherical so it's best to consult vendor
drawings and data.
The calculations below are for pressure on the concave side.
Thickness calculation for ellipsoidal head. Based on ASME Section VIII, Section UG-32(d)
t=(PD)/(2SE - 0.2P)
where
t = minimum required thickness of head, inches
D = inside diameter of head at skirt, inches
P = internal design pressure, psi
E = joint efficiency
S = maximum allowable stress value, psi
Enter values:
P=
D=
S=
E=
434 psi
120 inches
17500 psi
1
Calculated thickness,
t=
1.492 inches
Scroll down for torispherical head calculation.
Thickness calculation for torispherical head. Based on ASME Section VIII, Section UG-32(e)
t = (.885PL)/(SE-0.1P)
where t = minimum required thickness of head, inches
L = inside spherical or crown radius, inches
P = internal design pressure, psi
E = joint efficiency
S = maximum allowable stress value, psi
Enter values:
P=
L=
S=
E=
360 psi
48 inches
17500 psi
1
Calculated thickness,
t=
0.876 inches
Page 4
API 510, Bolted Flat Head
CALCULATION FOR THICKNESS OF BOLTED, FLAT UNSTAYED CIRCULAR HEADS, COVERS, AND BLIND FLANGES
Enter values:
Bolt circle diameter
Nominal bolt size
Number of bolts
Gasket Factor,
Seating stress,
Gasket O.D.,
Gasket I. D.,
Sealing Face O.D.,
Sealing Face I.D.,
Design pressure,
m=
y=
Go =
Gi
Fo =
Fi =
P=
48.625
0.75
52
3.75
9000
47.375
46.375
47.375
44.5
115
inches
inches
NOTE:
1. This program calculates the minimum required thickness for bolted, flat unstayed
circular heads, covers, and blind flanges of the type shown in
Fig. UG-34, sketch (j) and sketch (k) of Part UG-34 in the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1.
psi
inches
inches
inches
inches
psi
Allowable bolt stress at ambient
temperature,
Sb =
20000 psi
Allowable stress for head at design
temp,
S=
17500 psi
2. Enter the decimal equivalent of fractions in all dimensions.
3. Gasket Factor, m, and Seating Stress, y, for a given gasket material are obtained
from table 2-5.1 in Appendix 2 of the ASME Code or table UA-49.1 in the Lamons
Gasket Handbook.
4. The basic gasket seating width, bO, in cell C24 must be selected from table 2-5.2
in Appendix 2 of the ASME Code or table UA-49.2 in the Lamons Gasket Handbook
and manually entered at the cell location.
5. All formulas and tables in the Lamons Handbook are taken from Appendix 2 of
the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section Vlll, Division 1.
Calculated values:
Bolt area, single bolt
Total bolt area
Diameter at location of gasket load
reaction
A=
Ab =
0.334 in
17.368 in2
2
G=
46.88 inches
Width used to determine basic
seating width, bo
N=
0.50 inches
Basic seating width, table 2-5.2,
Appedix 2, ASME Sect. VIII
bo =
0.25
b=
0.25
Effective gasket seating width, table
2-5.2, App. 2 ASME Sect VIII
Initial bolt load for seating gasket
W m2 = 3.14bGy =
Bolt load required for operating
conditions
W m1 =
331340 lbs.
.785G2P + 6.28bGmP
Head thickness based on operating
conditions
t1 =
Head thickness based on gasket
seating
t2 = 0.8865659 inches
Operating conditions govern
therefore use t1
230212 lbs.
2.191 inches
2.191 inches
Page 5
Bolt area req'd
for seating
Am2 = W m2/Sb =
16.57 in2
Bolt area req'd
for operating
Am1 = W m1/Sb =
11.51 in2
Bolt area
selected
16.567 in2
Material Properties
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESS, KSI, FOR METAL TEMP. OF ===>
MINIMUM
TENSILE,
psi
MINUMUM
YIELD, psi
plate, sheet
58,000
smls. pipe
60,000
smls. pipe
-20 to
100
150
200
300
400
500
600
650
36,000
16.6
16.6
16.6 16.6 16.6
16.6
16.6
16.6
16.6
35,000
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
60,000
35,000
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
smls. tube
47,000
26,000
13.4
13.4
13.4
13.4
13.4
13.4
B7
bolting (<2.5")
125,000
105,000
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
B8M2
bolting (<2")
95,000
75,000
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
wld. tube
47,000
26,000
11.4
fittings
60,000
35,000
17.1
304
plate
75,000
30,000
SA240
304H
plate
75,000
18Cr-8Ni
SA240
304L
plate
16Cr-12Ni-2Mo
SA240
316
16Cr-12Ni-2Mo
SA240
316L
SA283
SA285
18Cr-8Ni
Nominal
Composition
SPEC
NO.
TYPE/
GRADE PRODUCT FORM
C-Mn-Si
SA36
C-Mn
SA53
S/B
C-Si
SA106
C
1Cr-1/5 Mo
SA179
SA193
16Cr-12Ni-2Mo
SA193
SA214
C-Si
SA234
WPB
18Cr-8Ni
SA240
18Cr-8Ni
250
cont'd ==>
700
750
800
850
900
950
17.1
15.6
13.0
10.8
8.7
5.9
17.1
15.6
13.0
10.8
8.7
5.9
13.3
12.8
12.4
10.7
9.2
7.9
6.5
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
23.6
21.0
17.0
12.5
8.5
4.5
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8 18.8
18.8
2.1
4.0
1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500
2.5
11.4
11.4
11.4
11.4
11.3
10.9
10.5
9.1
7.8
6.7
5.5
3.8
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
15.6
13.0
10.8
8.7
5.9
4.0
2.5
20.0
20.0
18.9
18.3
17.5
16.6
16.2
15.8
15.5
15.2
14.9
14.6 14.3
14.0
12.4
9.8
7.7
6.1
4.7
3.7
2.9
2.3
1.8
1.4
30,000
20.0
20.0
18.9
18.3
17.5
16.6
16.2
15.8
15.5
15.2
14.9
14.6 14.3
14.0
12.4
9.8
7.7
6.1
4.7
3.7
2.9
2.3
1.8
1.4
70,000
25,000
16.7
16.7
16.7
15.8
14.7
14.0
13.7
13.5
13.3
13.0
plate
75,000
30,000
20.0
20.0
20.0
19.3
18.0
17.0
16.6
16.3
16.1
15.9
15.7
15.6 15.4
15.3
15.1
12.4
9.8
7.4
5.5
4.1
3.1
2.3
1.7
1.3
plate
70,000
25,000
16.7
16.7
16.7
15.7
14.8
14.0
13.7
13.5
13.2
12.9
12.7
plate
55,000
30,000
15.7
15.7
15.7 15.7 15.7
15.7
15.7
15.3
14.8
plate
55,000
30,000
15.7
15.7
15.7 15.7 15.7
15.7
15.7
15.3
14.8
14.3
13.0
10.8
8.7
SA312
TP304L
smls. pipe
70,000
25,000
16.7
14.3
12.8
11.7
10.9
10.4
10.2
10.0
9.8
9.7
16Cr-12Ni-2Mo
1Cr-1/5 Mo
SA312
TP316L
smls. pipe
70,000
25,000
16.7
14.2
12.7
11.7
10.9
10.4
10.2
10.0
9.8
9.6
9.4
SA320
L7
bolting
125,000
105,000
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
C-Mn-Si
11/4 Cr-1/2 Mo-Si
SA333
smls. pipe
60,000
35,000
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
15.6
13.0
10.8
8.7
5.9
4.0
2.5
SA335
P11
smls. pipe
60,000
30,000
17.1
17.1
17.1
16.8
16.2
15.7
15.4
15.1
14.8
14.4
14
13.6
9.3
6.3
4.2
2.8
1.9
1.2
1Cr-1/2 Mo
SA387
Gr12 Cl2 plate
65,000
40,000
18.6
18.6
18.2
17.9
17.9
17.9
17.9
17.9
17.9
17.9
17.9
17.9
17.4
11.3
7.2
4.5
2.8
1.8
1.1
C-Si
SA515
70
plate
70,000
38,000
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
19.4
18.8
18.1
14.8
12.0
9.3
6.7
4.0
2.5
C-Si
SA516
55
plate
55,000
30,000
15.7
15.7
15.7 15.7 15.7
15.7
15.7
15.3
14.8
14.3
13.0
10.8
8.7
5.9
4.0
2.5
C-Mn-Si
SA516
60
plate
60,000
32,000
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
16.4
15.8
15.3
13.0
10.8
8.7
5.9
4.0
2.5
C-Mn-Si
SA516
65
plate
65,000
35,000
18.6
18.6
18.6
18.6
18.6
18.6
17.9
17.3
16.7
13.9
11.4
8.7
5.9
4.0
2.5
C-Mn-Si
SA516
70
plate
70,000
38,000
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
19.4
18.8
18.1
14.8
12.0
9.3
6.7
4.0
2.5
plate
40,000
18,000
17.1
Aluminum
Al
SB309
5083
Hastelloy B2
65Ni-28Mo-2Fe
SB333
N10665
plate
110,000
51,000
65Ni-28Mo-2Fe
SB619
N10665
wld. pipe
110,000
51,000
65Ni-28Mo-2Fe
SB622
N10665
smls pipe
110,000
51,000
Zirconium
95.2Zr+Cb
SB550
R60705
bar
80,000
55,000
95.2Zr+Cb
SB551
R60702
plate
55,000
30,000
95.2Zr+Cb
SB551
R60705
plate
80,000
55,000
95.2Zr+Cb
SB658
R60702
wld. & smls. pipe
55,000
30,000
95.2Zr+Cb
SB658
R60705
wld. & smls. pipe
80,000
55,000
Page 6
5.9
Ext. Pres. on Shells
Thickness of cylindrical shells under external pressure. ASME Sect. VIII, paragraph UG-28.
This work sheet calculates the allowable external pressure for a cylindrical vessel having a known outside
diameter, wall thickness, and length between lines of support. It is assumed that external stiffeners are
adequately designed.
Gather the following information and reference materials prior to using the worksheet.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Material designation for the vessel
Design temperature
Outside diameter
Vessel shell thickness
Section ll, Part D of the ASME Code opened to Subpart 3 (page 621)
Step 1. Enter known values.
Outside diameter, Do =
Shell thickness,
168.625 inches
t =
0.3125 inches
Section length between
lines of support,
L=
39 inches
Note: For definition of a line of support, see
ASME Section VIII, paragraph UG-28(b).
Do / t =
Step 2. Calculate ratios.
540
L / Do =
0.231
Step 3. Determine factor A
a. Go to ASME Section II, Part D, Subpart 3, Figure G (page 622 & 623).
b. Enter Figure G at the value of L / Do in Step 2 above. If L / Do is greater than 50, enter the chart
at L / Do = 50. If L / Do is less than 0.05, enter the chart at L / Do = 0.05.
c. Move horizontally to the line for the value of Do / t calculated above. From this point of intersection,
move vertically downward to determine the value of factor A.
d. Enter the value for factor A at cell B29 below. (scroll down)
Value of factor A =
0.0005
Step 4. Determine factor B
a. Using the value of A from step 3, enter the applicable material chart in Section II, Part D, Subpart 3
for the material being considered. The material charts start on page 624.
b. Move vertically upward to an intersection with the material/temperature line for the design
temperature. If A falls to left of the material/temperature line, skip this step and scroll down to step 6.
If A falls past the right end of a material/temperature line, use the horizontal projection of the end of
the line as the point of intersection.
c. From the point of intersection in step b, move horizontally to the right and read the value for B.
Enter this value in cell B41 below. (scroll down)
Value of factor B =
6100
Step 5. Maximum allowable external pressure using factor B.
Pa = (4B) / 3(Do/t) =
15.07 psi
Step 6. Select modulus of elasticity, E. No factor B.
If factor A falls to the left of the material/temperature line, Pa is calculated using the modulus of elasticity, E, at
the design temperature. Select the modulus of elasticity and enter its value in cell B52 below.
E=
2.70E+07
Step 7. Maximum allowable external pressure using modulus of elasticity.
Pa = (2AE) / 3(Do / t) =
16.68 psi
Page 7
Stiffening Ring
This worksheet calculates the required moment of inertia for a stiffening ring attached to a cylindrical shell
under external pressure. The calculated moment of inertia can be compared to the moment of inertia of a
corroded or damaged stiffening.The calculation is performed in accordance to ASME Sect. VIII, paragraph
UG-29.
Information and reference material needed to perform this calculation include:
* ASME Section II, Part D, Subpart 3
* modulus of elasticity, E, for stiffening ring material at design temperature
* outside diameter of shell
* shell thickness
* distance between lines of support (see ASME Sect. VIII, paragraph UG-28(b))
* cross sectional area of existing stiffening ring
Step 1. Enter known values.
Shell O.D.
Do =
Shell thickness
t=
External pressure
P=
Modulus of elasticity for
material
E=
169 inches
0.3125 inches
15 psi
2.45E+07 psi
Cross sectional area of
stiffener,
As =
Ls=
2.39 in2
40 inches
L s is defined as one half the distance from the stiffener
center line to the next line of support above plus one
half the distance from the stiffener center line to the
next line of support below. (ASME VIII, UG-29)
Step 2. Factor B calculated
B=
5107
Step 3. Determine factor A
a. Open ASME Section II, Part D, Subpart 3 to the applicable chart for the stiffener material under
consideration. The charts begin on page 624.
b. Enter the right hand side of the applicable chart at the value of B determined in step 2 above.
c. Move left horizontally to the material/temperature line for the design metal temperature. For values
of B falling below the left end of the chart, go to step 5.
d. At the point of intersection, move down vertically for the value of A. Enter that value in cell B38
below.
Factor A =
0.0004
Step 4. Determine the required moment of inertia.
Is=
12.15 in4
Step 5. Calculated value of factor A for factor B below chart.
A=
0.00042
Page 8
Stiffening Ring
Step 6. Required moment of inertia using A from step 5.
Is=
12.67 in4
Page 9
Stiffening Ring
ndrical shell
f inertia of a
I, paragraph
he stiffener
plus one
e to the
29)
Page 10
Stiffening Ring
Page 11
