Well Inflow
Performance
Well Performance
Two basic factors:
Inflow Performance - the capacity of a reservoir to pass
fluids against down-hole conditions
Vertical or Outflow Performance - the ability of the produced fluids to flow
through the well conduit to surface
The two factors are closely linked, because the
final condition of the inflow performance, is the
starting point of the vertical flow performance.
Well Inflow Performance
Types of flow models
Radial flow
Productivity Index (PI)
Straight-line IPR
Vogels IPR
Fetkovich
Flow Models for Stabilized Well
Inflow
Pressure drawdown in the Wellbore
Darcys Law
The Radial Diffusivity Equation
Homogeneous reservoir
Isotropic Permeability
Radial Flow
Radial Flow
Different Flow Regimes
Reservoir Well Flow Regimes
3 common conditions of flow
Transient state ( or the infinite acting radial flow period)
No outer boundary
Reservoir appear infinite acting
Pressure decline with time, changes
Solution in field units (w/zero Skin)
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Reservoir Well Flow Regimes
3 common conditions of flow
Semi-steady State flow
No flow across outer boundary
Reservoir is finite
Pressure decline with time is constant
Solution in field units (w/zero skin)
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Reservoir Well Flow Regimes
3 common conditions of flow
Steady State flow
flow in = flow out (at outer boundary)
reservoir is finite
constant pressure at all points in the drainage volume
Solution in field units (w/zero skin)
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PRODUCTIVITY INDEX CONCEPT
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Straight-Line IPR Relationship
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The Productivity Index (PI)
Pwf PR
qo
J
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EXERCISE
APPLICATION OF PRODUCTIVITY
INDEX CALCULATIONS
A well that is producing from a reservoir having an average pressure of 2085 psig produced
at a rate of 282 STB/D when bottomhole flowing pressure was 1765 psig.
Calculate:
1. The productivity index J.
2. The producing rate if Pwf is decreased to 1485 psig.
3. The bottom hole flowing pressure necessary to increase the producing rate up to 400
STB/D.
4. The inflow rate if Pwf is reduced to zero (AOF: Absolute Open Flow Potential or qomax)
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Inflow Performance Relationship (Pwf < Pb)
Gas saturation increase (decrease in Kro)
Oil viscosity increase
Oil formation volume factor
Formation damage or stimulation around the wellbore (changes in the skin
factor, S)
Turbulence increase
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Inflow Performance Relationship (Pwf < Pb)
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Vogels Method for Two-phase flow
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Vogels dimensionless IPR
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EXERCISE
APPLICATION OF VOGEL METHOD
SATURATED RESERVOIR ZERO SKIN
(Pr<Pb)
A well is producing from a reservoir having an average reservoir pressure of 2085
psig. A stabilized production test gave 282 STB/D when the flowing bottomhole
pressure is 1765 psig. The bubble point pressure is 2100 psig.
Using Vogels method calculate:
1. The producing rate if Pwf is reduced to zero (qomax or AOF)
2. The producing rate if Pwf is reduced to 1485 psi.
3. The flowing bottom hole pressure to increase the producing rate to 400 BN/D.
4. Construct the IPR.
1.
From the test calculate qomax using
2.
Calculate qo for several pwfs using the Vogel eq.
3.
Solving eq. for eq. Pwf/Pr, one can for any rate
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PREDICTING PRESENT TIME IPRS FOR OIL
WELLS
VOGEL METHOD
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PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION OF
FETKOVICH METHOD
1.Plot values of Pr2-Pwf2/103 versus q on log-log
scales, using the data from the multirate test.
2.Draw the best straight line through the points
3.Calculate the slope of the straight line, by
calculating the change in flow rate for one cycle
in the vertical log scale.
4.Calculatn=1/slope
5.Calculate C by substituting a known value of q
and Pwf in the Fetkovich equation.
6. Generate the IPR curve by assuming values
of Pwf and calculating the flow rate from the
Fetkovich equation.
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IPR in Horizontal wells
BENDAKHLIA Y AZIZ
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IPR in Horizontal wells
FETKOVICH
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IPR in Horizontal wells
CHENG
55
Performance Improvement Factor (PIF)
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