Basic Concepts of Probability
Concepts :
Probability is a branch of mathematics that deals with uncertainty. It is a
measure or estimation of how likely it is that an event will occur.
Experiment are activities such as tossing or flipping a coin, rolling a die,
or picking a card from a standard deck of cards without looking which
could be repeated over and over again and which have well-defined
results.
Outcomes are the results of experiments.
Sample Space in the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment.
Sample Point is an individual outcome in the sample space.
Event is a set of outcomes of an experiment ( a subset of the sample
space) to which a probability is assigned.
Basic Concepts of Probability
Exercises :
A. Determine whether the following is an EVENT or an OUTCOME.
____________ 1. Choosing a point from the interval.
____________ 2. Spinning the 5 colors spinner.
____________ 3. Rolling a die 3 times.
____________ 4. 6 possible { 1,2,3,4,5,6 }
____________ 5. 27 times head appeared.
____________ 6. Landing on blue color.
____________ 7. Drawing a card.
____________ 8. Tossing a 5 coin.
____________ 9. Choosing a point.
____________ 10. H , H , HT , TH , TT
Basic Concepts of Probability
B. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE otherwise.
________ 1. Rolling a rolling a six sided die is an event.
________ 2. Tossing a coin is an outcome.
________ 3. Getting a head in tossing a coin is an outcome.
________ 4. The possible outcome if you tossed three coins is 3 outcomes.
________ 5. Taking the DOST exam is an outcome.
_________6. If you have 4 pants and 3 t-shirts , there are 13 possible
possible experiments/ways can you dress.
________ 7. If the event is sure to happen , the probability is 0.
________ 8. Picking a red frog out of a box containing green frogs.
________ 9. The possible outcome of rolling a die is 9.
________ 10. The sample space of flipping 2 coins is HT , TH , HH , TT.
Basic Concepts of Probability
C. List the sample space of the following experiment.
1. What is the probability of tossing 2 coins ?
2. What is the sample space for choosing an even numbers from 1 to 20?
3. What is the sample space for rolling 3 dice ?
4. What is the sample space for choosing a prime number from 1 to 40 ?
5. What is the sample space for choosing a composite number from 20 to 40 ?
6. What is the sample space of the vowels MISSISSIPPI ?
7. What is the sample space when a dime is tossed?
8. What is the sample space for choosing a consonant letter in the word
supercalifragilisticexpialidocious?
9. What is the sample space for choosing a number that is divisible by 6 from numbers
30 - 60?
10. What is the sample space for choosing a number that is divisible by 9 from numbers
70 - 90?
Occurrences of an Outcome in an Experiment
Exercises
A. List all the following outcomes using table.
1. The ice cream parlor serves 3 flavors of ice cream ; vanilla, chocolate, strawberry
and 4 toppings- grated chocolate , rainbow sprinkles, marshmallows and nips. How
many available cone of ice creams with a designated topping would the parlor will
serve?
2. Chron and Psyche had their breakfast at a fast food restaurant. Their menu for the
day are tapsilog. cornsilog, hotsilog and longsilog and for the drinks are coffee, milk
and juice. How many meals can they make from the following?
3. Kath will go to school, she has 2 skirts and 5 blouses, how many ways can she
dress?
4. A picture is to be taken by lining up 4 of the 11 players of a soccer team on the left,
then 3 of the 9 players of a baseball team in the center, and finally 2 of 5 players
from basketball team on the right. How many ways can this arrangement be done?
5. How many ways can a boy and a girl be chosen from 3 boys and 3 girls?
6. Alexis is interested in a playing cards. How can you show the different outcomes of
playing cards?
7. Branca wants to buy a dress for her party. She has a choice of 5 styles and 6 colors.
How many choices does she have in the selection?
8. How many ways can you dress if you have 6 panties and 5 bras?
9. Hiro wants to buy a computer system for his business, Hiro can choose one of the 7
Monitors, one of 3 CPUs, determine the possible systems that hiro can choose from
10. When three dice where thrown, how many ways can possible outcomes can be
formed.
