This document provides examples of monohybrid and dihybrid crosses involving inheritance of traits in various organisms. For monohybrid crosses, it gives examples involving inheritance of bark texture in trees and tail length in mice. For dihybrid crosses, it provides examples related to stem and seed traits in pea plants, shape and cell wall traits in bacteria, and coat color and hair length in guinea pigs. It also provides questions related to predicting offspring genotypes and phenotypes from Punnett squares for each type of cross.
This document provides examples of monohybrid and dihybrid crosses involving inheritance of traits in various organisms. For monohybrid crosses, it gives examples involving inheritance of bark texture in trees and tail length in mice. For dihybrid crosses, it provides examples related to stem and seed traits in pea plants, shape and cell wall traits in bacteria, and coat color and hair length in guinea pigs. It also provides questions related to predicting offspring genotypes and phenotypes from Punnett squares for each type of cross.
This document provides examples of monohybrid and dihybrid crosses involving inheritance of traits in various organisms. For monohybrid crosses, it gives examples involving inheritance of bark texture in trees and tail length in mice. For dihybrid crosses, it provides examples related to stem and seed traits in pea plants, shape and cell wall traits in bacteria, and coat color and hair length in guinea pigs. It also provides questions related to predicting offspring genotypes and phenotypes from Punnett squares for each type of cross.
This document provides examples of monohybrid and dihybrid crosses involving inheritance of traits in various organisms. For monohybrid crosses, it gives examples involving inheritance of bark texture in trees and tail length in mice. For dihybrid crosses, it provides examples related to stem and seed traits in pea plants, shape and cell wall traits in bacteria, and coat color and hair length in guinea pigs. It also provides questions related to predicting offspring genotypes and phenotypes from Punnett squares for each type of cross.
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Monohybrid sample problem:
In roses, red is dominant over white.
Use R for the red gene.
Use r for the white gene.
Cross two heterozygous red roses,
Rr X Rr
From the Punnett Square,
describe the phenotype of the
offspring.
3/4 Red
1/4 White
describe the genotype of the offspring.
1/4 RR
1/4 rr
1/2 Rr
Dihybrid sample problem:
In mice, black is dominant over tan and short tails are dominant over long. Use B for black and b for tan.
Use S for short and s for long.
Write the genotype for a heterozygous black, short-tailed mouse.
Cross two of these individuals.
From the Punnett Square, describe the phenotype of the offspring.
9/16 Black - Short
3/16 Black - Long
3/16 Tan - Short
1/16 Tan - Long
Draw the Punnett Square required for each problem, then answer the questions about the offspring. 1. Monohybrid cross: In certain trees, smooth bark is dominant over wrinkled. Cross two trees that are heterozygous for smooth bark. If there are 100 offspring produced, how many will have wrinkled bark? 2. Monohybrid cross: In Mountain Boomers, the genes for long tail is dominant over the gene for short tail. Use a Punnett Square to predict the result of a cross between a homozygous Longtailed and a homozygous Short-tailed Mountain Boomer. What do the offspring look like? 3. Dihybrid cross: In pea plants tall stems are dominant, short stems are recessive and round seeds are dominant while wrinkled seeds are recessive. Predict the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring for a heterozygous tall stemmed, homozygous wrinkled seeded plant and a heterozygous tall stemmed, homozygous round seeded plant. 4. Dihybrid cross: In certain bacteria, an oval shape is dominant over round and thick cell walls are dominant over thin. Cross a heterozygous oval, heterozygous thick cell walled bacteria with a round, thin cell walled bacteria. Describe the phenotype of the offspring. 5. Dihybrid cross: In guinea pigs, black coat color is dominant over white, short hair is dominant over long. Show the Punnett Square for a cross between a homozygous black, homozygous shorthaired, guinea pig and a homozygous white, long-haired, guinea pig. What do the offspring look like?
Mendel and Meiosis
1.
This diagram shows how pea plants can be used to conduct
monohybrid crosses. What is the genotype for the P1 Tall pea plant? Need a Hint? A) Tt
B) TT C) F1 D) F2
2.
When Mendel conducted his experiments, he needed to transfer
pollen grains from a male reproductive organ to a female reproductive organ in a plant. What is this process called? Need a Hint? A) monohybrid B) heredity C) cross pollination D) recessive
3.
When a cell contains two of each kind of chromosome, it is called
__________. Need a Hint? A) a haploid cell B) a fertilized cell C) a recessive cell D) a diploid cell
4.
Which of these squares has the tt genotype?
Need a Hint? A) 2 and 3
B) only 4 C) 2 and 4 D) only 1
5.
In which phase of meiosis can crossing over occur?
Need a Hint? A) prophase I B) anaphase II C) telophase II D) metaphase I
6.
What is the genotype ratio for the offspring in this Punnett Square? Need a Hint? A) 2TT: 1Tt: 1tt B) 1TT: 2Tt: 1tt C) 2TT: 1Tt: 2tt D) 4TT: 2Tt: 1tt
7.
Female and male sex cells are called __________.
Need a Hint? A) gametes B) alleles
C) genotypes D) hybrids
8.
Which of these diagrams shows metaphase I of meiosis I?
Need a Hint? A)
B)
C)
D)
9.
Which condition occurs when a human zygote has 47
chromosomes? Need a Hint? No special condition occurs. This is the normal number of A) human chromosomes.
B) genetic recombination C) interphase D) Down's syndrome
10.
Which of these statements is true?
Need a Hint? Two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell are called A) homologous chromosomes. B) Meiosis and mitosis are the same processes. C) Organisms with extra chromosomes will never survive. All organisms are polyploids and have 17 chromosome D) sets.
11.
When a male gamete unites with the female gamete, the result is called _________. Need a Hint? A) a cross B) heterozygous C) its genotype D) a zygote
12.
What is the phenotype ratio for the offspring in this Punnett
Square? Need a Hint? 9 round yellow; 3 round green: 3 wrinkled yellow: 9 A) wrinkled green 9 round yellow; 3 round green: 3 wrinkled yellow: 1 B) wrinkled green 3 round yellow; 9 round green: 1 wrinkled yellow: 3 C) wrinkled green 3 round yellow; 3 round green: 3 wrinkled yellow: 3 D) wrinkled green
13.
When an organism has two alleles for a trait that are the same, it is said to be __________ for that trait. Need a Hint? A) heterozygous B) homozygous C) segregated D) monohybrid
14.
How many different kinds of eggs or sperm can a human being
produce?
Need a Hint? A) 23 23 B) 2 2 C) 23 D) 2+ 23 = 25
15.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A) B) C) D)
Need a Hint? A hybrid is the offspring of two parents that have different forms of a trait. The way an organism looks and behaves is called its genotype. If an organism has two alleles for a trait that are the same, it is said to be homozygous for that trait. Dominant alleles are represented with upper-case letters.
