Retail / Merchandising Mathematics Quick Reference
PROFIT DRIVERS:
Net Sales = Gross Sales - Returns and Allowances
Gross Margin = Net Sales - Cost of Sales
Operating Income = Gross Margin - Operating Expense
Gross Cost of Sales = Opening Inventory + Purchases + Freight in - Closing Inventory
Total Cost of Sales = Gross Cost of Sales - Cash Discounts + Alteration Expenses
UNDERSTANDING MARKUP
Retail = Cost + Markup
Markup % = (Retail - Cost) / Retail x 100
Cost = Retail x (1 - Markup %)
Retail = Cost / (1 - Markup %)
Variance in Markup = Average Markup - Actual Markup
Variance in Cost = Average Cost - Actual Cost
Variance in Retail = Average Retail - Actual Retail
Net Profit + Operating Expense + Alteration Expense
- Cash Discount + Reductions
Initial Markup % =_____________________________________________
Net Sales + Reductions x 100
Initial Markup % =
Maintained Markup + Reductions
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x 100
Net Sales + Reductions
Maintained Markup = Initial Markup % x (Net Sales + Reductions) - Reductions
Reductions % =
Initial markup % - Maintained Markup %
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x 100
100 - Initial Markup %
Gross Margin = Maintained Markup - Alteration Expense + Cash Discount
MERCHANDISE REPLENISHMENT
ORDER SYSTEMS:
Maximum Stock =
(Average Weekly Sales x Number of Weeks' Sales Required x Seasonal
Index) + Re-order Point Quantity
Re-order Point
Quantity =
( (0.5 x Review Period) + Lead Time + Reserve ) x Average Weekly Sales
x Seasonal Index
Open-to-Buy = Maximum Stock - (Stock on hand + Stock on order)
Stock to Sales Ratio =
Inventory/Stock at a given time
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Sales for the Period
Turnover =
Net Sales for Period
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Avg Stock/Inventory for same period