CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
SYNOPSIS
SPECIFICATION
LIST OF SYMBOLS
DRAWING
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CONCLUSION

SYNOPSIS

The design process of structural planning and design requires not only
imagination and conceptual thinking but also sound knowledge of science of

structural engineering besides the knowledge of practical aspects, such as recent

design codes, bye laws, backed up by ample experience, intuition and judgment.
The purpose of standards is to ensure and enhance the safety, keeping careful
balance between economy and safety. In the present study of bank building is
designed (Slabs, Beams, Columns and Footings) using Auto CAD software. In
order to design them, it is important to first obtain the plan of the particular
building that is, positioning of the particular rooms such that they serve their
respective purpose and also suiting to the requirement and comfort of the
inhabitants.

SPECIFICATIONS
Specification for class Room
The estimate is provided for the construction BANK BUILDING. The
provision is made in the estimate are as follows.
SUB SOIL DATA:-

The sub soil is of course grade and compacted sand. The plate load test was
conducted by the P.W.D authorizes to determine the SBC value.
ORIENTATION:The BANK BUILDING is proposed to be constructed at deanery. This
proposed land is owned by the private it faces south.
BRICK MASONARY:The most and widely used material for construction of building is brick. It
has the following advantages.
i)

Raw materials required are ordinary earth which is available is

ii)
iii)

abundance.
Kill burning bricks are used
Locally available brick size 19 x 9 x 9 cm

All the works will be in brick masonry in cement mortar 1:6 using above
maintained bricks. The height of wall from floor level to roof level is 3m this
brick are obtained from Polur town the sand is obtained from Polur River.

CONCRETE:Concrete is a material obtained by combining together interest material like sand

gravel and broken stone. This R.C.C is weak in tension and strong in compression
so steel reinforcement is used to take up the tensile stress in this project the R.C.C
for the ratio of 1:2:4 using 20mm nominal metals are obtained from K.V.Kuppam.
All this R.C.C works are going to be done by volume batching.
LINTEL:-

The used method of covering openings from doors, windows, and corridors
is by using a lintel the thickness of lintel is 150mm.
SUNSHADE:This is provided to avoid drizzling of rain to enter the building. The
thickness of sunshade is 60 mm uniform throughout and is having a projection of
600mm from the face of the wall.
ROOFING:The roofing will be of R.C.C M20 grade with 150 mm thick and it is designed
as two way slab.
COLUMN AND FOOTING:The column is of the size 0.3 X 0.3. The footings are the size of 2.5 x 2.5
with 0.3m wide.
FLOORING:This will be of R.C.C 1:2:4 150 mm thick using 40mm nominal size HBG
metal over the wall compacted river sand cushion which is 150 mm thick the top of
the floor is finished with mosaic slabs polished.
DAMP PROOF COURSE:The damp proofing of a building is achieved by using a suitable material
which should satisfy the following requirement.
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)

It should be imperious to moisture

It should be stable in loaded and unloaded condition.
It should not be distributed by the effect of dead load coming over the
surface
Damp proofing properly should remain constant with lapse of time in
this project the CM of 3 cm is used as DPC.

DOORS AND WINDOWS:The primary purpose of doors is serve as a means of communication from
one room to another room. Secondly in combination with windows provides
circular ventilators.
PLASTERING:Plastering for the ceiling is in CM 1:3, plastering for walls if 1:5 with 5 cm
curing is done locally available portable water.
WHITE WASHING:White washing is done by using white cement over the plastered surface of
internal walls to improve its appearance.
WEATHERING COURSE:This will be in brick jelly works with lime of 40% and over which that tiles
are laid in oiled mortar required slope may be maintained.

COLOUR WASHING:The color wash is applied in one or the more coats over the first coat of
white wash 5% of gum is added to the solution. The application is similar.
STEEL:-This steel used in the design of the R.C.C member is Fe 415.

Specification for room

Earth work excavation:
This is carried out upto depth of 3.5 m
Foundation and plinth
First class brick work in cement mortar 1:4 with plain cement concrete mix
1:4:8

Super structure walls:

First class brick work in cement mortar 1:4 over 2.5 cm thick.
Flooring:
This is 100 mm thick with PCC of 1:2:4 finished with neat cement finishing
at top.
Plastering:
Inside and out side walls are plastered with 1:6 cement mortar over 12 mm
thick.
Roof slab:
Roof slab of 0.15m thickness is provided all over the room with M20 and
Fe415.

SYMBOLS

LIST OF SYMBOLS

Area

Breath of footing or shorter dimension of rectangular column.

Effective depth

Over all depth

DL

Dead load

LL

Live load

Total load

Fd

Factored load

L eff

Effective length

Length of the column

fck

Characteristic strength of concrete

Fy

Characteristic strength of steel

Ag

Cross sectional area of the concrete

DF

Depth of foundation

Mu

Bending moment

ast

Area of steel in tension

shear force

Zv

Normal shear stress

Zc

Permissible shear stress

Sp.Wt

Specific weight

Ast

Total cross section area of stirrup legs (or) bent up

bars with in a distance.

sv

spacing of the stirrup or bent up bars along the length of the

member.
X

Depth of the neutral axis

C/c

Center to center

Mild steel

lever arm

DESIGN OF SLAB
GIVEN DATA:
Slab size

= 4mx10m
= 4000mmx10000mm

Wall thickness

= 230mm

Ly

= 10000mm

Lx

= 4000mm

Concrete grade

= M20

Steel grade

= Fe415

Ly/lx

>2

10000/4000

= 2.5> 2.
It is one way slab.

DEPTH OF SLAB:
As the loading class exceeds the value of 3KN/m2, adopt a span/depth ratio 26
DEPTH CALCULATION:
Depth

= span/26
= 4000/26 = 153.8mm

Depth

= 155mm

Over all depth (D)

= 155 + (10/2) + cover

= 155+10/2+20

D
Effective depth (d)

= 180mm
= 180-(10/2)-20

=155 mm.

EFFECTIVE SPAN:
Effective span

= Clear span +Effective depth

=4000+155
= 4155 mm

LOAD CALCULATION:
1. Live Load

= 5.0 KN/m2

2. Floor finish load

= 1.0 KN/m2

3. Self weight of slab

= 4.5KN/m2

(0.180x25x1)
Total load

= 10.5 KN/m2

Design load

= Total load x factor of safety

= 10.5x1.5 =15.75 KN/m2

Load per m length consider

= 15.75KN/m2

DESIGN OF B.M &SHEAR FORCES:

Mu

= 0.125WuL2 = 0.125x15.75x4.1552

= 34 KNm

Vu

= 0.5WuL

= 32.7KN

= 0.5x15.75x4.155

LIMITING MOMENT OF RESISTANCE:

Mu lim

= 0.138fckbd2
= (0.138x20x103x1552) = 66.3 KNm

Mu < Mu lim, section is under reinforced.

MAIN REINFORCEMENT:
Mu

= 0.87fyAstd[1-(Ast fy/bdfck)]

34 X106

= 0.87x415Astx155[1-(415Ast/103x155x20)]

Ast

= 667.110 adopt 670mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar @ spacing 110 mm C/C

Spacing

= (ast/Ast) x1000
= [(x102/4)/670] x1000
= 117.22mm

DISTRIBUTION REINFORCEMENT:
Ast

= 0.12% of gross cross sectional area

=0.0012x103x180 =216 mm2

Spacing

= (ast/Ast) x1000
= [(x82/4)/216] x1000
= 232.71mm

Provide 8mm dia bar @ spacing 200 mm C/C

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS:

Considering the short span & unit width of slab
v = Vu/bd

= (32.7x103)/(103x155) = 0.211 N/mm2

Pt

= (100x670)/(103x155) = 0.43

=100Ast/bd

Refer code book IS:456

Kc = 1.15x0.33 = 0.37 > vN/mm2
Hence the shear stresses are within safe permissible limits.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION CONTROL:

(L/d)max

= (L/d)basic x Kt x Kc x Kf

(L/d)basic = 20 ;

K c = Kf = 1

Refer code book IS:456

(L/d)max

= 20/1.3

Kt = 1.3

= 26

(L/d)actual = 4000/155 = 25.8 < (L/d)max

Hence deflection control is satisfied.

DESIGN OF BEAM
GIVEN:
Clear span

= 4000 mm

Live load (g)

= 10 KN/m

Dead load (q)

= 15 KN/m

fck

=20N/mm2

fy

=415N/mm2

CROSS SECTIONAL DIMENSION:

When span range is 3 to 4m means take span depth ratio is 1/15 to 1/20
Depth

= span/20 = 4000/12 = 333mm

Effective depth (adopt) d = 350mm

Over all depth (D)

= 350 + (10/2) + cover

= 350+10/2+45
= 400mm

= 230mm

LOAD CALCULATION:
1. Self weight of beam

= 2.6KN/m2

(0.23x25x0.45)
2. Dead Load

= 10 KN/m2

= 1 KN/m2

3. Finishes
Total dead load

= 13.6 KN/m2

Live Load

= 15 KN/m2

ULTIMATE MOMENTS & SHEAR FORCES:

Negative moment at interior support
Mu (ve) =1.5[(gL2/10) + (qL2/9)]

= 1.5[(13.6x42/10) + (15x42/9)]

= 72.64KN.m
Positive B.M at center of span
Mu (+ve)

=1.5[(gL2/12) + (qL2/10)]

= 1.5[(13.6x42/12) + (15x42/10)]

=63.2KN.m
Maximum shear force at the support section is
Vu

= 1.5x0.6L (g+q)

= 1.5x0.6x4 (13.6+15)

=103KN
LIMITING MOMENT OF RESISTANCE:
Mu lim

= 0.138fckbd2
= (0.138x20x230x350)10-6 = 78 KNm

Mu < Mu lim , section is under reinforced.

MAIN REINFORCEMENT:
For (ve B.M)
Mu

= 0.87fyAstd[1-(Ast fy/bdfck)]

72.64x106 = 0.87x415Astx350[1-(415Ast/230x350x20)]
Ast

= 702mm2 adopt 1256.6mm2

Provide 4 bars of 20mm diameter

Area of single bar = (xd2)/4 = (x202)/4

= 314.15

= 1256.6mm2

Then Ast
For (+ve B.M)

Mu

= 0.87fyAstd[1-(Ast fy/bdfck)]

63.2x106

= 0.87x415Astx350[1-(415Ast/230x350x20)]

Ast

= 590mm2 adopt 804.24mm2

Provide 4 bars of 16mm diameter

Area of single bar = (xd2)/4 = (x162)/4
Then Ast

= 201.06 mm2

= 804.24mm2

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS:

= (103x103)/(230x350)

= 1.28 N/mm2

= Vu/bd

Pt

= 100Ast/bd = (100x1256.6)/(230x350) = 1.56

Refer code book IS:456

c

= 0.72 < v N/mm2

Hence shear reinforcements are required.

Balance shear = Vu-( cbd)

= 103-(0.72x230x350)10-3

= 45.04 KN
Using 8mm dia two legged stirrups the spacing is
Sv

= (0.87fyAsvd)/Vus

Where Asv = (x82)/4

= 50.2

= (0.87x415x2x50.2x350)/45.04x103

= 280mm

Adopt 8mm dia two legged stirrups at 250mm centres near supports gradually
increased to 300mm towards the center of span.
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION CONTROL:
(L/d)max

= (L/d)basic x Kt x Kc x Kf

(L/d)basic

= 26 ;

Pt

= 100Ast/bd

Refer code book IS:456

Kc = Kf = 1
= (100x1100)/(230x350) =1.36
Kt = 0.98

(L/d)max

= 26x0.98

= 25.48

(L/d)actual

= 4000/500 = 8 < (L/d)max

Hence deflection control is satisfied.

DESIGN OF COLUMN
GIVEN DATA:
Width of beam b= 230mm
Depth of beam D = 400mm
fck = 20 N/mm2
fy

= 415 N/mm2

(d/D)= 0.1

EFFECTIVE LENGTH:
Eff length of column = 0.65 x H
d = 0.65 x 3.5 = 2.275m.
SLENDERNESS RATIO:
2275 / 230 = 10
10 < 12
The column in short column

LOAD CALCULATION:
Total imposed load=

4 x 10 x 4000
=

160 KN

Self Wt of slab

4 x 10 x 0.180 x 25000

180 K N

4 x 0.23 x 0.40x 25000

9.2 KN

3.5 x 0.23 x 0.40 x25000

8.05 KN

Total load

357.25 KN

Adopt (p)

400 KN

Gross area (Ag)

230 x 400

92000m2

Self Weight of beam

Self Weight of column

Assume 11 of longitudinal steel in the column

Asc

= 1% Ag
= 0.01x 92000 =920 mm2

Area of concrete in the column 99% of Ag

Ac

= 0.99 x 92000
= 91080 mm2

LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT:
= 920 mm2

Asc

Provide 6 no.s 16 mm (1035 mm2)

Effective cover

= 40 mm

LATERAL TIES:
As per IS 456 : 2000 dia of the lateral ties should be greater than x of
longitudinal bar (or) 6 mm
x 16 = 4 mm

6 mm
Provide 8mm lateral ties

MAXMIUM PERMITTED PITCH:

The pitch of transverse bar shall not more than the least of the following

Least lateral Dim of compression member

230 mm

16 x smallest of longitude (16 x 16)

256 mm

58 x ties

464mm

230 mm

58 x 6

Provide 230 mm C/C maximum permitted pitch

RESULT:
Size provide 230 x 400 mm size
Longitudinal Bars 6 no.s of 16 mm
Lateral 8 mm at 230 mm C/C

DESIGN OF FOOTING
GIVEN DATA:
Size of column

230 x 400 mm

fck

20N/mm2

fy

415N/mm2

Self weight of column

0.23x0.40x3.5x25

8.05 (Say 8.1 KN)

Assume safe bearing capacity of soil =

200 KN/m2

SIZE OF FOOTING:
Load of column

= 850KN

Self weight of footing 10% of the column load

Approximate self weight

= 85KN

Total factored load Wu

= 850+85

Wu

= 935KN

Footing area

= 935/1.5x200
= 3.11m2

Proportion the footing area in the same portion of column

Hence (3x) X (3x) = 3.2
x= 0.80

Short side of footing

= 2.3x0.80 =1.84m

Long side of footing

= 4.0x0.80 = 3.20m

Adopt a footing size 2m by3m

Factored soil pressure at base is computed as:
pu =850/2x3 = 142 KN/m2 < (1.5x200) = 300 KN/m2
Hence the footing area is adequate since the soil pressure developed at the base is
less than the factored bearing capacity of soil
FACTORED BENDING MOMENTS:
Cantilever projection from the short side face of the column = 0.5(3-0.40) = 1.3m
Cantilever projection from the long side face of the column = 0.5(2-0.23) = 0.88m
Bending moment at short side face of column is pul2= 0.5x142x1.252 = 111KNm
Bending moment at short side face of column is pul2 =0.5x 142x0.882=55 KNm
DEPTH OF FOOTING:
From moment considerations we have :
mu

= 0.138 fck bd2

d

= mu/0.138fck b
= 111x106/0.138x20x103
= 200mm adopt 170mm

From shear stress considerations we have the critical section for one way
shear is located at a distance d from the face of the column

Shear force per metre width is

vul

= 142(640-d)

Refer code book IS 456:2000 Pg.No: 73 for c

Assuming the shear strength of c =0.35 N/mm2 for m20 grade concrete
with nominal percentage of reinforcement, Pt =0.21
c = vul/bd
0.35 = [142(640-d)/103d]
d = 260 mm
Hence adopt effective depth d = 260mm and over all depth = 350mm

REINFORCEMENT IN FOOTING:
Longer direction:
MU

= 0.87 fy Ast d [1-(Ast fy/bd fck)]

111x106

= 0.87 x415 Ast x 350 [1-(Ast415/103x350x20)]

111x106

= 90262.5 Ast[1-8.3x10-5Ast]

111x106

= 90262.5 Ast 7.49 Ast2

Ast

= 1390mm2

Adopt 20mm dia

ast area of single bar = d2/4 = 202/4 = 314.2mm2
Ast = 1884.9 adopt 1890 mm2

Spacing = ast/Ast x 103 = 160mm centers

Shorter direction:
MU

= 0.87 fy Ast d [1-(Ast fy/bd fck)]

55x106

= 0.87 x415 Ast x 350 [1-(Ast415/103x350x20)]

55x106

= 90262.5 Ast[1-8.3x10-5Ast]

55x106

= 90262.5 Ast 7.49 Ast2

Ast

= 643mm2

Minimum reinforcement = (0.0012 x 1000 x 600) =1440 mm2

Hence provide 12 mm diameter bars at 150 mm centers ( Ast =1508 mm2)
CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS:
The critical section for one way shear is located at a distanced from the
face of the column. Ultimate shear force per metre width is
vu = (142x 0.4) = 56.8KN
100 Ast/bd

= 100 x 1890/103 x 250 = 0.75

Refer table 19 IS 456:2000 and read put the permissible shear stress
= (ks c) = 1x0.47 = 0.75 N/mm2
Nominal shear stress = v = vu/bd = 56.8x103/250x103
= 0.22 N/mm2
Since v < ks c shear stress are within the safe permissible limits

DESING OF LINTEL
LINTEL:
Assume the size of lintel 230 x 150 mm
Thickness of wall = 230 mm
Use of 8mm bars with a clear cover of 20mm
Eff depth = 150 20 8/2 = 126 mm
Eff . Span (for 2m lenth )
1)
2)

C/C of beam
Clear opening + eff depth

= 2 + 0.23 = 2.23m
= 2 + 0.126 = 2.126m

Height of equivalent triangle

= sin 60 x 2.126 = 1.84 mm

Height of wall above the lintel

= 3.50 2.12 0.15 = 1.23 m

W1L
8

W2L
8

Where W is of triangle masonry having a base width L = 2.126 m

W1

1
2

2.126 x 1.84 x 0.23 x 19000

2

x b x h x unit wt of Brick

= 8547.3 N

W2

= self weight
= 0.23 x 0.15 x 2.126 x 25000
= 1833.67 N

= 8547.3 + 1833.67=10380 N

Max. BM @ midspan

WL
8

10380 x 2.126
8

= 2758 KN.m

Factor moment

= 1.5 x 2758
= 4137 KN-m

AREA OF STEEL:
As per IS 456 2000
Mu

fy x Ast

= 0.87 fy Ast d [1 fck x b x d ]

415 x Ast

4137 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 150 [1 20 x 230 x 150 ]

4137 x 106 = 45492.3 Ast 32.57 Ast2

= 831 mm2

Ast

Provide 2 Nos of 10mm bar @ bottom RFT 2 Nos of 8mm @ top as

hangers.

DESIGN OF SUNSHADE
SUNSHADE:
Assume a uniform thickness of 70mm with an effective depth of 45mm
Consist 1m length
Self wt of sunshade

0.6 x 0.07 x 25000

1050 N

0.6 x 750

450 N

1500 N

1.5 x 1500 2500 N/m width

Imposed load on
Sunshade

Total load
Factor load
Max BM

=
=

Wl
2

2250 x 600
2

675000 Nm

For M20 and fe415 grade steel and concrete

IS 456 2000

Mu

= 0.87 fy Ast d

675000

fy Ast
fck bd

= 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 45

]
1

= 42.5 mm2
MINIMUM RENIFORCEMENT:
0.15
100

x BD

0,15
108

x1000 x 70

= 105 mm2
Provide 6 mm bars
Spacing

2.8 x 1000
105

= 266.66

250 mm c/c

4 Nos of 6 mm bars @ distributors

415 x Ast
20 x 1000 x 45

DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
STAIRCASE SIZE:
Staircase size

= 4.0 x 6.0m

Width of beam

= 400mm x 400mm

Floor height

= 3.5m

1. Width of two flight= 3.5 0.1

= 3.4m
2. Width of each flight

= 3.4 / 2
= 1.70m

DESIGN OF LANDING WIDTH:

Assume Landing Width

= width of one flight

= 1.70m

3. Going

= 6.0 1.70
= 4.3m

Assume tread is 300m

4. No of steps in each flight = G/T

= 4300 / 300
= 14
5. Floor to floor Height

= 3.5m

Landing Height

= 3.5 / 2
= 1.75m

Rise of each steps

= Landing Height / No of Steps

= 1.70 x 1000/14
= 122mm adopt = 150mm

EFFECTIVE SPAN OF FLIGHT:

Left

= (No of steps x T) + ( Width of two Landing Beam)

= 14 x 300 + 200 + 200
= 4600mm

CALCULATE THICKNESS OF WAIST SLAB:

T

= 4600 / 25
= 184mm

LOAD CALCULATION:
Dead Load of waist slab in slope condition per meter length
Ws

= 0.184 x 1 x 25

= 4.6 KN/m Length of Flight

Dead Load of waist slab in Horizontal plan/m length
W

= [Ws ( T 2 + R 2 )/T]
= [4.6( 0.15 02 + 0.300 2 )/0.300]
= 5.14 KN/m

Dead load of one step

= x 0.150 x 0.30 x 25
= 0.56 KN/m

Dead load of one step on waist slab per meter length

D/m

= 0.56 x 1000/250
= 2.24 KN/m length

Assume finishing load of steps = 0.6 KN/m length

Total load per meter length= 5.14 + 2.24 + 0.6
= 8 KN/m
LIVE LOAD CALCULATION:
As per IS code provision calculated live load for residential building
= 3 KN/m length
Total service load

= D.L + L.L
=8+3
= 11 KN/m

Factored Load

= 1.5 x 11
= 16.5 KN/m

BM CALCULATION:
= Wl2/8

BM

= 16.5 x 4.02/8
= 33 KN.m
CHECK FOR EFF.DEPTH:
Mu

= 0.138 fck bd2

33 x 106

= 0.138 x 20 x 1000 x d2

= 110 mm

Use M20 & Fe415 Grades

Provide overall thickness of waist slab is 170mm with clear cover 12mm diameter
reinforcement is 20mm clear cover
Effective depth

d= 150 mm

DESIGN OF REINFORCEMENT:
Mu

= 0.87fy Ast d [ 1 fy Ast/fck bd]

33 x 106

= 0.87 x 415 x 150 x Ast [1 415 x Ast/20 x 1000 x 150]

Ast

= 671 mm2

Provide 12mm dia at 180mm c/c

Ast (pro)

= 4

x 122 x 4

= 452 mm2

DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTORS:
Ast (dist)

= 0.12%

of C/S area

= 0.12/100 x (1000 x 200)

= 240mm2
Use 8 mm dia as distribution of 200mm C/C
Ast (pro)

= 251mm2

Ast (pro)

= Ast (reqd)

Hence is safe.

DESIGN OF SEPTIC TANK

No. Of persons

150 Nos

Assume Water Supply

120 lpcd

Hence Tank capacity required

150 x 120/1000

24 m2

Sludge storage at 30 lit / capital / (for a cleaning period of 1 years)

Total capacity

150 x 30

4500 lit

4.5 m3

18 + 4.5

22.5 m3

22.5 / 1.5

15 m2

4B

15

Assume depth of liquid as 1.5 m

Therefore, surface area required

Assume (L:B as 4:1) L

4B x B

B
Therefore L

2.0 m

8.0 m

Assume a free board of 0.3 m

Therefore the dimensions of the septic tank = 8 m x 2 m x 1.8 m

DESIGN OF DISPERSION TRENCH:

Q

130 /m

Assume percolation rate as 20 min / cm

=

130 / 20

29.07 lpcd / m2

Assume per capita sewage contribution as 120 lpcd

Q

Absorption area

150 x 120

18000

18000 / 29.07

619.2 m2

Since large area is required, dispersion trenches are provided. Assuming the width
as 1 m and spacing between them as 2m
Total area required

Take L as 25 m,

619.2 x 3

1857.56 m3

Therefore B

1238.44 / 25

74 m

25 x 25 x 1

625 m2 > 619.2 m2

Therefore provide 25 no. Of trenches

Absorption area

Hence provide 25 no. Of trenches of size

25 m x 1 m

RESULT
The structural members such as columns, beams, slabs & footings etc., are safe in
design.

These members are designed for maximum force and moment for critical load case
obtained from ETABS analysis.
Hence the analysis and design of BANK BUILDING is done.

BIBLIO GRAPHY

The various book for the completive the project are listed below

 IS 456 2000 code practice for plain and RCC work

Resign aids for reinforcement concrete to is IS 456 2000
IS 875 (Part - I) code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake)
for buildings and structures.
IS 875 (Part - II) code of practice for design loads (other than

earthquake) for buildings and structures

Structural engineering and hand book.
National Building Code of India 2005.
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures S. Ramamurtham
Design of Concrete Structure Nilson
Limit State Design of Reinforced Concrete Varghese P.C
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures - Krishna Raju.N

CONCLUSIONS
We have planned, analyzed and designed BANK BUILDING aesthetically,
sophistically and in grand manner. We believe that all above details are given
clearly in this project. We have completed project up to over efficiency and gained
more experience and practical knowledge through lights is us the confidence to
confront the challenge in construction of modern India.