Sop3 5
Sop3 5
Sop3 5
Adjectival
Composite
Mean
3.02
SD
.62
Description
High Competence
2.97
.72
High Competence
Agree
2.97
3.13
2.72
2.82
.63
.63
.74
.62
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
3.00
.56
High Competence
High Competence
High Competence
High Competence
High
Competence
Interpretation
Agree
Agree
Legend: Strongly Disagree 1.00-1.50 ; Disagree 1.51-2.50 ; Agree 2.51-3.50 ; Strongly Agree 3.51 4.00
As shown also in the table, the sub-variable Decision Making shows the highest
composite of mean of 2.95. On the other hand, the sub-variable Research has the lowest
mean of 3.02.
Kavanagh and Drennan (2008) reveals that students were focused on developing
routine technical expertise, oral and written communication skills, analytical and problem
solving skills and appreciative skills including decision making and critical thinking.
With regard to employers, they are expecting graduates entering the profession to have as
the top three skills analytical/problem solving skills, a level of business awareness or real
life experience, basic accounting skills, and technology.
In conclusion to the researchers study, the principles and techniques needed to
solve problems or make judgments are important in the industry. Thus, individuals
entering the accounting profession should display effective problem solving and decisionmaking skills, good insight, and judgment, as well as innovative and creative thinking.
Indicator Functional
Statement
#
#1
#10
Mean
Adjectival
Description
Interpret
ation
.69
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.72
High
Competenc
e
Agree
SD
Decision Making
Decision-making: having the
ability
to
conceptually
structuralize the situation and
select one amongst available
options.
The ability to analyse and
reason logically: supporting
your
arguments
with
theoretical
analysis
or
objective
or
subjective
reasoning process.
3.07
2.97
Composite
Mean
Of
Decision
Making
#2
Composite
Mean Of
Risk
Analysis
#9
#3
Composite
Mean of
Measurem
ent
3.02
.62
Risk Analysis
Financial
risk
analysis:
having the ability to assess
the
factors
that
may
jeopardize the project such as
2.97 .72
knowing
cost
benefit
analysis,
ratio
analysis,
portfolio management, NPV,
IRR, sensitivity analysis etc.
2.97
.72
Measurement
Economics
background:
analysing the production,
distribution and consumption
of goods and services such as
3.13 .78
knowing how to measure
GDP, GNP, demand and
supply curve, equilibrium,
and price elasticity etc.
Financial
accounting:
classifying
of
financial
2.80 .66
transactions
to
proper
accounts.
2.97
Reporting
.63
High
Competenc
e
Agree
High
Competenc
e
Agree
High
Competenc
e
Agree
High
Competenc
e
Agree
High
Competenc
e
Agree
High
Competenc
e
Agree
#8
Cost
and
management
accounting: study of the
accounting information to
managers
within
organizations, to provide
them with the basis to make
informed business decisions
such as knowing budgeting
techniques,
costing,
accounting for labour, and
accounting for overheads etc.
Composite
Mean of
Reporting
.63
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.63
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.81
High
Competenc
e
Agree
2.80
.76
High
Competenc
e
Agree
2.72
.74
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.86
Low
Competenc
e
Disagree
.73
High
Competenc
e
Agree
3.13
3.13
Research
#6
#7
Composite
Mean of
Research
2.63
Leverage Technology
#4
#5
Information
technology
competence:
having the
ability to use computer
software such as knowing
MS
Office,
Excel,
Powerpoints
2.50
3.13
Composite
Mean of
Leverage
Technolog
y
OVERAL
L MEAN
OF
FUNCTI
ONAL
COMPET
ENCY
2.82
3.00
.62
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.56
High
Competenc
e
Agree
Legend: Strongly Disagree 1.00-1.50 ; Disagree 1.51-2.50 ; Agree 2.51-3.50 ; Strongly Agree
3.51 4.00
Indicator
Composit
e
Mean
SD
Adjectival
Description
Interpretat
ion
High
Agree
Competence
High
Problem Solving and Decision
3.30
.60
Competen
Agree
Making
ce
High
Interaction
3.10
.56
Agree
Competence
High
Leadership
3.30
.60
Agree
Competence
High
Communication
3.04
.67
Agree
Competence
Project Management,
High
3.00
.59
Agree
Competence
High
OVERALL
3.12
.47
Agree
Competence
Legend: Strongly Disagree 1.00-1.50 ; Disagree 1.51-2.50 ; Agree 2.51-3.50 ; Strongly
Agree 3.51 4.00
Professional Demeanor
3.10
.48
Entry-level accountants often asked and seen to discern the true nature of a
situation and then developing skills and attributes to equip them for a career in the
accounting profession
Indicator Functional
Statement
#
#13
#17
#23
#26
Composite
Mean
Of
Profession
al
Demeanor
#11
Mean
SD
Adjectival
Description
Interpret
ation
Professional Demeanor
Think and behave ethically:
professional behavior of
accountants
must
be
according to accounting code
of ethics
Personal attributes: having
confidence, identifying owns
strengths and weaknesses,
motivation
level,
selfpromotion
and
selfmanagement etc.
Presentation
skill:
appropriately present
and
construct financial statement
or audit opinion
Focused on outcomes: ability
to focus on objective and
subjective outcomes such as
meeting financial targets and
deadlines
.72
High
Competenc
e
Agree
3.03
.18
High
Competenc
e
Agree
2.80
.76
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.71
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.48
High
Competenc
e
Agree
3.37
3.20
3.10
Agree
#21
Composite
Mean Of
Problem
Solving
and
Decision
Making
3.13
3.13
.63
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.51
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.74
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.58
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.79
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.76
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.56
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.74
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.61
High
Competenc
e
Agree
Interaction
#14
#19
#24
#25
Composite
Mean of
Interaction
3.27
3.27
2.83
3.03
3.10
Leadership
#20
#27
3.23
3.37
Composite
Mean of
Leadershi
p
#15
#16
#18
#22
Composite
Mean of
Communi
cation
#12
Composite
Mean of
Project
Managem
ent
OVERAL
L MEAN
OF
PERSON
AL
COMPET
ENCY
3.30
.60
Communication
Communicate orally: having
the ability to speak fluently in
English, using appropriate 2.87 .78
tone to address your boss and
subordinates.
Communicate in written
format: having the ability to
3.07 .83
draft inter office memos and
letters.
English language: having the
ability to read, write, listen 3.00 .74
and speak in English.
Listen effectively: listen
attentively and understanding 3.23 .77
what others are saying.
3.04
.67
High
Competenc
e
Agree
High
Competenc
e
Agree
High
Competenc
e
Agree
High
Competenc
e
High
Competenc
e
High
Competenc
e
Project Management
Project management: having
High
the ability to establish and 3.00 .59 Competenc
run new projects
e
3.00
3.12
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
.59
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.47
High
Competenc
e
Agree
Legend: Strongly Disagree 1.00-1.50 ; Disagree 1.51-2.50 ; Agree 2.51-3.50 ; Strongly Agree 3.51 4.00
Composi
te
Mean
SD
Strategic/Critical Thinking
3.10
.48
Industry/Sector Perspective
3.00
.59
International/Global
Perspective
2.77
.82
3.27
.64
3.00
.54
3.00
.64
2.92
.55
Resource Management,
Legal/Regulatory Perspective
Marketing/Client Focus,
OVERALL
Adjectival
Description
High
Competence
High
Competence
High
Competence
High
Competence
High
Competence
High
Competence
High
Competence
Interpretat
ion
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Legend: Strongly Disagree 1.00-1.50 ; Disagree 1.51-2.50 ; Agree 2.51-3.50 ; Strongly Agree 3.51 4.00
For Marketing/Client Focus, it has a composite mean of 3.00 and an interpretation of low
competence.
As shown also in the table, the sub-variable Strategic/Critical Thinking shows the
highest composite of mean of 3.10. On the other hand, the sub-variable
International/Global Perspective has the lowest mean of 2.77.
In the study of Kavanagh and Drennan (2008), he revealed that students were
focused on developing routine technical expertise, oral and written communication skills,
analytical and problem solving skills and appreciative skills including decision making
and critical thinking. In conclusion entry-level accountants should have familiarization
and awareness of the industry they are working into for them to maintain the performance
in their work.
In conclusion, accounting encompasses the ability to link data, knowledge, and
insight together from various disciplines to provide information for decision-making.
Being in tune with the "big picture" perspective is a necessary component for success.
Individuals entering the accounting profession should be able to communicate to others
the vision, strategy, goals, and culture of organizations.
Indicator Functional
Statement
#
#30
Mean
SD
Adjectival
Description
Interpret
ation
Strategic/Critical Thinking
Critical thinking: having a
sight to see things beyond its
apparent meaning and not
accepting anything until
proven with logical reasoning
or through some evidence
3.10
.48
High
Competenc
e
Agree
Composite
Mean
Of
Strategic/
Critical
Thinking
#34
Composite
Mean Of
Industry/S
ector
Perspectiv
e
#28
Composite
Mean of
Industry/S
ector
Perspectiv
e
#35
3.10
.48
High
Competenc
e
Industry/Sector Perspective
Work
effectively
in
diversified cultural settings:
High
understanding cultural norms
3.00 .69 Competenc
and values to work in
e
diversified
culture
or
multinational firms
3.00
.69
High
Competenc
e
International/Global Perspective
International
global
perspective: Knowledge and
understanding
of
High
international
financial 2.76 .82 Competenc
reporting standards and of
e
current developments in the
accounting profession
2.77
.82
High
Competenc
e
Resource Management
Engage in lifelong learning:
attending
professional
High
development, seminars , team 3.27 .64 Competenc
buildings and
programs
e
required in the profession.
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Composite
Mean of
Resource
Managem
ent
#29
#32
Composite
Mean of
Legal/Reg
ulatory
Perspectiv
e
#31
#33
3.27
.64
High
Competenc
e
Legal/Regulatory Perspective
Legal regulatory perspective:
knowledge of the legal
High
structure of the state such as 2.87 .63 Competenc
corporate law, taxation and
e
auditing standards
Inter or multidisciplinary
perspective: while doing
accounting
considering
High
others
disciplinary 3.13 .68 Competenc
perspective such as strategic
e
management, corporate law
and taxation etc.
3.00
.54
High
Competenc
e
Marketing/Client Focus
Marketing/clients
focus:
customer care orientation
High
such as knowing marketing 2.93 .78 Competenc
tactics in order to deal with
e
clients
Strategic
management:
concerned with the study of
understanding organisation
strategic requirements such
High
as knowing porter's 5 forces, 3.07 .74 Competenc
SWOT
analysis,
price
e
differentiation
strategies,
product development, market
penetration etc
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Composite
Mean of
Marketing
/Client
Focus
OVERAL
L MEAN
OF
ORGANIZ
ATIONAL
COMPET
ENCIES
3.00
2.92
.64
High
Competenc
e
Agree
.55
High
Competenc
e
Agree
Legend: Strongly Disagree 1.00-1.50 ; Disagree 1.51-2.50 ; Agree 2.51-3.50 ; Strongly Agree 3.51 4.00
Mean
SD
Functional
3.00
.56
Personal
3.12
.47
Organizational or
Business
2.92
.55
Overall Mean
3.01
.47
Adjectival
Interpretation
Description
High
Agree
Competence
High
Agree
Competence
High
Agree
Competence
High
Agree
Competence
Legend: Strongly Disagree 1.00-1.50 ; Disagree 1.51-2.50 ; Agree 2.51-3.50 ; Strongly Agree 3.51 4.00