Amjad ali khan
Safety officer Responsibilities
1. Visit the job site check condition of work and practices of people.
2.
Inspection of PPE.(Personal Protect Equipment )
3. Check safe work plan and work permit.
4. Check that only qualified employees assign for the task.
5. Attend toolbox meeting.
6. Inspection of color code system.
7. Inspection of power tools, hand tools and fire extinguishers.
8. Gas tasting in confine space.
9. Report any incident /accident immediately to the safety manager.
10. Provide awareness about safety among employees.
11. Prepare daily safety report.
12. Check of fire extinguishers and grounding of machine connection specially working
under overhead lines and in the vicinity of substation.
13. Perform safety hazard inspection of construction work, lay down and living area, to
ensure their complaints with project safety and fire manuals etc.
14. Daily safety inspection of site to identify the hazards, unsafe conditions and acts.
What is Safety?
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Safety is the barricade between hazards and safe way.
No incidental and no accidental policy are called safety.
Safety is the common sense look, think, and done.
Safety means to protect employees, equipments and environment.
Purpose: Purpose is to control all unsafe acts physical and mechanical Conditions
which are the causes almost accidents.
SAFETY PROCEDURE: Procedure is a written instruction of top management
regarding the tasks which are deal rules, regulation and limitation for all safe method.
Different between unsafe conditions and unsafe behavior
UNSAFE CONDITIONS
Any work in progress with discrepancy. Safety requirement are not completed
Example: A temporary plate form has no access and workers climbing on pipes.
UNSAFE BEHAVIOR
Unsafe behavior of any person during the job site.
Example: A person worn the harness on elevated platform (yellow tag) but
Not hooked harness.
What is risk assessment?
Risk assessment: - the probability of an incident and consequences if happened incident.
Calculate the risk and evaluate the control measure.
How make risk assessment!
[Link]
Wrong
Cause
Prevention
Contingency
Answer:
(1) What can go wrong?
(2) What can cause it to go wrong?
(3) What can be done to prevent it to go wrong?
(4) What can be done to minimize the negative consequences if it does go wrong?
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JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
Identification of hazards related to job and precautionary measure to be taken is called Job
safety analysis.
For example:
Job Activity
Related Hazards
Height
Falling
Precautions
Full body harness
CONFINED SPACE
Any area that are not normally occupied by personal, having limited means of entry
and which could be subject to hazards of oxygen deficiency or the accumulation, toxic
or flammable gases.
Example: (1) Tanks (2) Reactors (3) Pipelines (4) Vessels (5) Boilers (6) Columns
(7) Deep excavations more than 1.2 meter in depth (8) Manholes etc.
PROCEDURE
Confine space entry permit
Stand by man ( In Out name, sign and time)
Pressure horn
Ventilation
Life line
Communication
Dust mask
Keep all equipments are out of space
Only tools mentioned on permit may enter.
Toxic material TLV (Threshold Limit Value) should not exceed
Electric supply: not more than 50 volts AC 110 volts DC maximum.
Lights are only 24 watts
Welding gas cylinders are not permitted inside the confined space
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During entry install sign board (PHYSICAL ENTRY IN PROGRESS
PERSONNAL WORKING INSIDE CONFINED SPACE.)
After completion of work or invalidity of permit install NO ENTRY.
Gas testing
O2
(Oxygen) > 19.5% & < 23.5% volume
LEL (Lower explosion limit) = 0%
H2s (Hydrogen supplied) =< 10 ppm
Co
(carbon mano oxide) = 0%
Confine space hazard
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Leak of oxygen
Level of oxygen/Minimum deficiency 19.5% / Maximum enrichment 23.5%
Toxic gases
Explosive gases
Poor ventilation and communication
Falling and tripping
Electrical shock
Below 19.5% of oxygen
1
2
3
4
5
Decrease ability to work
Respiration increase and poor judgment
Unconscious and vomiting
Lips blue
Coma
Oxygen above 23.5%
Chance of burn
H2S is one of the toxic gases and it is very harmful to human body
Properties of H2S
1
2
3
4
Color less
Rotten egg smell
Highly flammable
Highly solvable in all liquids
5 It is 1.2 times heavy than air
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Effects by H2s
1
2
3
4
5
Eye irritation
Throat irritation
Lose of smelling sense
Irritation of lungs
Death
What is a health hazard?
A health hazard is any agent, situation or condition that can cause an occupational illness.
There are five types of hazard
1-Chemical hazard (i.e. Battery acid and solvents)
2-Biological hazard (i.e. Bacteria, viruses, dusts, and moulds often called Biological hazard)
3-Physical agents (energy sources) strong enough to harm the body (i.e. Electric currents,
heat, light, vibration, noise, and radiation)
4-Work design (ergonomic) hazard that is associated with musculoskeletal injury, illness (i.e.
combinations of forceful exertions, constrained poor postures and long duration/continuous
work)
5-Harassment, violence, working alone, etc.
FIRE
Fire is the combination of three substances
Oxygen (O2), Fuel and Temperature
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CAUSE OF FIRE; 1. Spark (Electrical) [Link] of ignition 3. Static electricity
[Link] 5. Smoking [Link] of chemicals [Link] housekeeping 8. Poor maintenance of
equipments.
Type of fire
Class A - Combustible fire (trash, paper, wood, plastic)
Class B-flammable fire Oil, liquid and gases fire.
Class C- Electrical fire.
Class D-Metal fire (Reaction of chemicals)
For example phosphorus and oxygen combination makes fire. Sodium and water
combination make fire. Potassium and water combination make fire. Magnesium and
water combination make fire.
FIRE CONTROL METHODS
Cooling, Smothering & Curtaining
FIRE EXTINGUISHER TYPES
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pressurized Water Extinguishers are used for Class A fires only.
Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) Extinguishers are used for C fires.
Multipurpose Dry Chemical Extinguishers are used in Class A, B or C fires.
Combustible Metal Extinguishers are used in Class D fires only
Actions in case of plant emergency
Stop work immediately.
Ask workers inside confined space to come out.
Make sure all workers have evacuated.
Take people to muster point
WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU DISCOVER A FIRE REACT
Remove persons in immediate danger.
Ensure doors are closed! (Confine fire/smoke)
Activate the building alarm.
Call the Fire Department.
Treat ALL fires as DANGEROUS,
a) Raise the Alarm or shout FIRE.
b) Try to tackle if it is safe
c) Close doors & windows if possible
d) Switch off all the electrical equipments
e) Evacuate at the nearest exit point
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f) Do not use lifts
g) Assemble at the muster points
h) Enter after getting clear instructions from fire service.
FIGHT OR FLIGHT ANALYSIS
Use the fire Extinguisher only if,
1. Building is being evacuated.
2. Fire Department is being called.
3. Fire is small & contained.
4. Exit is clear.
5. You can stay low & avoid smoke.
6. Proper extinguisher is at hand
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WELDING
Hot work permit
Welding machine area barricaded and must be ground
Fire extinguisher class (ABC)
Fire watchman with pressure horn.
Fire blanket (fire proof blanket)
Negative electrodes near the welding area
Welding shield with proper screen glass
Check color code
Welder must be certified
Check client sticker
Proper PPE for welding such as leather gloves, long sleeves and face shield with lens glass.
All flexible cables holder and other concern equipment to be Currently inspected
Hazard of compressed cylinder gases?
If that pressure is released suddenly through a broken value, a gas cylinder can fly out of
control
Corrosive gases can burn or irritate the lining of the respiratory tract
Toxic gases enter the bloodstream and bind with hemoglobin to prevent it from picking up
oxygen
Some gases irritate skin
EveninertGases, such as helium or nitrogen, are hazard. They displace breathable air.
How to control the hazard of compressed cylinder gases?
Color coding of cylinder
Cylinder inspection
Properly designed storage areas.
Employ training.
Segregation of empty and full cylinder.
Use of correct pressure regulators.
Accident
An event which occurs with damage to property / make injury or
Lost time is called Accident.
Incident
An event which occurs without damage to property/no injury/no lost time is called near miss or
incident.
Q) What is color code system?
A) Color code shows the condition of an item for example tested, approved etc.
Q) What is the purpose of conducting incident/accident investigation?
A) To find the real root cause and to establish preventive measure to prevent
Re-occurrence of accident/incident.
EXCAVATION
Technical inspection (From mechanical and electrical department
Locate & identify all underground facilities.
Excavation work permit (Deep more than 1.2 meter excavation required Confine space
entry permit gas testing and entry attendant.)
Barricade around the excavation area 1.5 meter away from the edge of excavation.
Install sign boards
Deep excavation
Danger
If slope is not feasible install shoring system
In the case of water existing de watering system should be installed.
Keep spoil material 1 meter away from the edge of excavation.
Make slope according the soil type: For Class A soil 53
Class B soil 45
Class C soil 34
Sloping and Benching System Sloping System
Maximum allowable slopes for excavation less than 20 feet (6.09) Metter
Slop Type
Stable Rock
Type A
Type B
Type C
Slop
Vertical
:1
1:1
1 :1
Slop Angle
90
53
45
34
Q. What is trench?
A. A narrow excavation where the depth is greater than width.
Q. What is shoring?
A. A structure that sport the site of an excavation and protect against cave ins.
Q. What difference between Trench and Excavation?
A. Trench: Depth greater than width. & Excavation: Width greater than depth
What are the hazards of excavation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Leak of oxygen
Collapse
Falling
Water accumulation
Underground utilities such as power line pipe line &
Toxic substances
What are the underground utilities colors?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Red-Electrical cable
Orange Communication
Blue-Water
Yellow-Gas, oil, steam
Green-Drainage water
CRANE LIFTING
(Distance from overhead power line)
Electri
c
power
line in
KV
50kv
50kv
to
200kv
200kv
to350k
v
350kv
to500k
v
500kv
to750k
v
Fee
t
Meter
s
Crane lifting permit
Client inspection sticker
Operator license from
Saudi Arabia and 3rd party
certification.
10
3
Qualified rigger
15
4.6
Crane & boom
movement area free and
barricaded
Out rigger fully
extended and must be on pad.
20
6.1
Check the ground level
and stability.
Check the SWL = (safe
load working plan).
Never lift load beyond
rated capacity of crane.
25
7.6
Check slings /
wires/shackles and belts.
Not allowed to enter
under the suspended load.
Tag lines restrict
swinging of load.
35
10.7
Never place under the
overhead power lines.
For line rated over 50kv
.,Minimum clearance
Between the line and
any part of the crane or load
shall be 10 feet plus 0.4 inch for each 1 kv .Over 50 kv ., or twice the length of the line
insulator, But never less than 10 feet.
Crane capacity =Total intended load Radius
Example =10 ton6 M
60 tons crane required for 6 matter radius to lift the 10 ton load
CRANE SAFETY
Before starting, conduct a pre-use inspection and fill up the checklist
Ensure crane windows are clear Check all round visibility for possible hazards or
obstructions
Mobile Crane outriggers must be fully extended and properly padded/matted.
Cranes must be set-up on solid or stable ground and at a safe distance from excavations.
Crane operation shall not be started unless swing radius is properly barricaded and warning
signs posted.
Make sure any load to be lifted is within the safe working load of the crane or its accessories.
DO NOT OVERLOAD THE CRANE.
Ensure that slings and other rigging accessories being used for lifting are properly colorcoded.
Work only on the signal of an authorized rigger/slinger, or, where he cannot be seen, the
signaler
Loads must be correctly slung and straight lifted.
Loads must always be tested and known before lifting. Also test for level slinging.
Loads must not be passed over the head of workers.
Loads must not be snatch lifted or dropped freely.
Man baskets must not be lowered in free fall.
Horns must be sounded before lifting or swinging.
Area of swing must be checked before swinging.
Do not lift or stop lifting when wind speed id 32 KPH or more.
Do not allow anybody to ride on the load.
Loads must not be left suspended to the hook.
Hazards with Slings:
Over Loading
Poor condition
Corrosion/rust
Excessive wear
Cracks and Bird caging
Reduce diametric
What is critical lifting?
When crane working rather than in normal condition that lifting comes in critical lifting, LIKE
Near the population area
Near the pressurized pipe line
When high boom length is required
Near the man basket
What is critical lifting plane?
A document that identifies a specific load and the operating restriction .pertinent information
includes all weights on hook block attachment.
What is tandem lifting? Engineering lifting
When two crane combination to take the single weight /load that call tandem lift.
Requirement of tandem lifting
Both operator communication effectively
Crane manufacture same
Capacity to take same load
Crane hazards
Improper load rating
Excessive speeds
No proper hand signals
Inadequate inspection and maintenance
Unguarded parts
Unguarded proper swing radius
Working too close to the power line
Improper exhaust system shattered windows
No steps guardrail walkways
No boom angle indicator
No using outriggers
Which part of the crane ensure its stability
Out rigger ensure its stability
Electric shock when a current exceeding 30 mA passes through a part of a human body, the
person concerned is in serious danger if the current is not interrupted in a very short time.
The protection of persons against electric shock in LV installations must be provided in
conformity with appropriate national standards statutory regulations, codes of practice, official
guides and circulars etc.
Relevant IEC standards include: IEC 60364, IEC 60479 series, IEC 61008, IEC 61009 and
IEC 60947-2.
WORK PERMIT
Cold work permit: Use of low energy source ignition.
(Erecting and removing scaffolding, painting, lubricating, minor repairing)
Hot work permit: Use of high energy source ignition, grinding, cutting, welding.
Electrical work permit.
Vehicle entry permits.
Confine space entry permit.
Radiation work permit.
Excavation work permit.
Road close permit
Radiography or NDT (Non Destructive Test.)
Q. what is Radiography?
A. 1. Radiography is testing of x-ray welding for metal welded joints.
2. To deduct the effect in the metal use gamma rays and x-ray its called radiography.
Third party shall be done this activity which is certified from (Saudi technical institute)
Radiation work permit required.
Film badges must be available.
Dosimeter & survey meter are available and calibration date valid.
Area cleans from unauthorized personal.
Barriers, sign boards and amber flashing lights are installed.
No leaks from the source containers.
Out of berries source is less than two Millirem.
Safety watchman should be assigned.
Proper lighting system shall be installed if conducting in the night.
Use special barricading by 3rd party.
Barriers and warning sign shall be established at the 2mr/hr. (millirem) boundary for
safe operation and storage.
What is isotope?
A .Isotope means one or more species of atoms having same atomic number but Different
mass number.
Isotopes can be stable of unstable.
Radioactive isotopes are unstable substances, which emits heavy particles
(Alpha
and beta) and higher energy electromagnetic waves (gamma) form their nucleus by decay.
Why is an Isotope hazardous?
An .Isotopes are hazardous because it emits uncontrolled energy in the form of
radioactive waves which is hazardous to all living thing as it can destroy the it is
living tissues that cause fatality or can convert it in cancer.
What is Radio activity?
An .Radio activity is the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei .The nucleus emit a
ALPHA particles, BETA particles, GAMA particles or electromagnetic rays during this
process.
What is the unit for measuring radiation?
An .Micro
Sievert or mill-Rum.
SCAFFOLDING
Q. What is scaffolding?
Ans. Scaffolding is a temporary structure platform on elevated area where provide
safe access to employees and facilities controlled storage of material and
equipments.
Tag:Green
Safe scaffold
yellow
Full body harness
Required 100%
Tie - off
Red
Do not use
Only scoff folders
Scaffolding:Ground level, Sole board, Base plate, Ledger or runner (pipe)
Post or stander (pipe), Intermediate Transom, Plate form fully covered by woods
Mid rail, Top rail, Toe board, Access ladder
Brace pipe = (cross brace, zigzag brace, plan brace, longitudinal bracing)
LVL=Laminated veneer lumber
Kind of scaffolding
9"
System scaffolding
Suspended scaffolding
Mobile scaffolding
1 1/2"
.OD 1 1/2"
Bracket scaffolding
Tower scaffolding
Thickness=3.2MM
Component of scaffolding:
Sole boards, base plates, posts, ledger
Right angle or double couplers, end to end couplers, Adjustable couplers,
Girder coupler, single coupler.
Trapeze tube (install at the bottom portion of the hanger tube
approximately 2feet beneath the runner. It is used in erection modification and dismantling of an
under hung scaffold. it also serves as a secondary sport if the runner slips.
Top rail capacity =90KG (200 lbs.)
What is life line?
If there is no anchorage to hang full body harness, we can use a flexible line or rope to connect
the lanyard. Life line is also known static line, drop line safety line rat line and scar line.
Life line shall be made with minimum 10MM diameter.
What is maximum intended load?
The maximum load of all persons, equipment, tools materials, transmitted load and other loads
reasonable anticipated to be applied to a scaffold.
Distance between scaffold and wall is 14 inches..
Scaffold walk way width is minimum 18 inches..
Maximum length of lanyard is 1.8 meter(6 feet)
Q -What is the height of scaffold where it shall be secured to
structure?
An - 7.5 Matter (25 feet) including interval
Q- What is the minimum width required for the walk-way
An Minimum width for the walk-way is 18 inches
Q- In which condition scaffold cannot be erected
An- Bad weather (strong wind, rain, ice) and ground are not stable
Minimum clearance from the live power line 3 matter (10feets)
Q-What is the three points contact
An-When you go up in the ladder it must be three point contacts
Two hand one leg /two leg one hand is called three point contacts
Q-What is the hazard of the scaffold
An-Falling tripping slipping
Load bearing capacity of
Double coupler SWL: 635 kg
Adjustable coupler SWL: 540 kg
Single coupler SWL: 54 kg
End to End coupler SWL: 98.37kg
Girder coupler SWL: 3.060kg
Abbreviations &
Explanations
HSE
HSSE
SWP
SWL
ASTM
NFPA
OSHA
JSA
SCBA
SCAR
LPHRC
CHB
JHA
HAZOP
GFCI
SAG
LMI
CPR
SWA
LTI
LTA
SMS
STA
HIP
CSM
PEAR
ASSE
CSB
DOE
DOL
EPA
MSHA
NIOSH
MSDS
ANSI
NDT
RPM
Health Safety environments
Health Safety and Security environments
Safe work plan
Safe work load
American standard testing material
National fire protection associate
Occupational safety health administration
Job safety analysis
Self contain breathing apparatus
Safety corrective action report
Loss prevention hazard recognition
Chemical hazard bulletins
Job hazard analysis
Hazard and operability report
Ground fault circuit interrupter
Saudi Arab government
Load movement indicator
Cardio pulmonary resuscitation
Safe work authorization
Loss time incident
Loss time accident
Safety method state
Safety task assignment
Hazard identification plan
Construction safety manual
People environment asset reputation
American society of safety engineers
Chemical safety and hazard investigation board
Department of energy
Department of labors
Environment protection agency
Mine safety and health administration
National institute for occupational safety and health administration
Material safety data sheet
American national standard institute
Nondestructive test
(Radiography)
Rotation per minute
