Off-centre anchoring of AZ sheet pile walls

Steel Sheet Piling

Sheet Piling
Arcelor Commercial RPS S. r.l.
66, rue de Luxembourg
L-4221 Esch-sur-Alzette (Luxembourg)
Tel. +352 5313 3105
Fax +352 5313 3290
E-mail sheet-piling@arcelor.com
www.arcelor.com/sheetpiling

1-4-05-1-E

Introduction
An economical solution for anchoring
AZ piles

The Z-section sheet piles of the AZ series marketed by

Arcelor Profil Luxembourg differ from the Z-section
sheet piles of competitors and from U-section sheet
piles in the following ways:

To enable full advantage to be taken of the AZ series

sheet piles under the most economical global
conditions, Arcelor Profil Luxembourg has developed
a financially attractive alternative solution:

the combination of the advantageous Z profile

and the time-proven Larssen interlock make them
an economical solution with a superior sectionmodulus-to-weight ratio;

off-centre anchoring.

the favourable position of interlocks on the outer

side, on the extreme fibre, overcomes the problem
of transmission of shear force in the interlock,
making crimping unnecessary to guarantee
maximum strength.

This solution combines the outstanding static

properties of AZ sheet piles with the simplicity of
the anchorages used with U piles. It simply involves
putting the bolts or tie rods through one of the
flanges alongside the interlock: this avoids the
problem of making a hole through the interlock
and using a complex bearing plate.

In practice, however, when sheet piles are to be tied

back, it is not uncommon for U-section piles to be
preferred. This choice is made for detailing reasons:
with U-section sheet piles both waling bolts and tie
rods can be centred on the back of the pile.

An economical solution for anchoring AZ sheet piles

Anchoring of U-section sheet piles

The advantage of off-centre anchoring is that it

mobilizes the high strength of Z piles without having
a hole through the interlock.

If Z-section piles are used, the interlock running

down the centre of the trough results in conservative
measures being adopted, with walings being fixed
with two bolts, thereby increasing material costs and
the complexity and cost of installation.

The economic advantages are obvious:

off-centre fixing of walings with a single bolt
reduces material and installation costs,

If tie rods are to be centred on the trough, they have

to pass through the interlock. This requires a special
bearing plate with welded shims to bridge the
interlock ridge. If the water table behind the sheet
piles reaches the line of tie rods, the hole through
the interlock might impair watertightness.

off-centre positioning of tie rods makes it possible

to use plain bearing plates, and having a hole in
the flange rather than through the interlock means
achieving effective waterproofing ceases to be a
problem.

Traditional anchoring of Z piles

Research project
Until now no design regulations have addressed
the possibility of off-centre anchoring of Z-section
piles. In close collaboration with the Department of
Steel Construction of the RWTH in Aachen, Arcelor
therefore undertook a vast research project to
analyze the behaviour of sheet piles with off-centre
anchoring and to determine
the corresponding design rules.
This research project comprised the following steps:
experimental studies on Z piles subject to offcentre loading,
finite-element modelling based on the test results,

Double AZ18 sheet pile after test

analysis of the behaviour of a double sheet pile (in

a wall) subject to eccentric loading,

A hydraulic cylinder was used to apply a force

representing the anchor force to an off-centre
bearing plate. For technical reasons the test could
only be carried out on one double-pile unit at a time.
To simulate lateral continuity, the two piles were
cross-braced.

drafting of a design method.

The results of the study were consigned to a final
detailed report [1] and are summarized here for
practical application.

The photos of AZ18 double piles after the test attest

to the ductile behaviour obtained with this solution.

Finite-element model calibration and

simulations
The test results were used to calibrate a finiteelement model which was then used for parametric
studies. The finite-element simulations were run at
the RWTH Department of Steel Construction.
This made it possible to more precisely consider the
boundary conditions pertaining to a continuous sheet
pile wall, conditions which could only be partially
taken into account in the physical tests.

Experimental studies
The tests on Z piles where carried out at the RWTH
Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy.
Boundary conditions of a double AZ pile

In principle the local eccentric force can, using a

simple model, be broken down into a symmetrical
component and an antisymmetrical component.
symmetrical

antisymmetrical

Double AZ18 sheet pile during test

Symmetrical and antisymmetrical components of force

2

The deformations observed during the physical tests

were confirmed by the finite-element studies.

Consequently, the study determined the

performance of the cross-section resulting in a
reduced moment resistance for different eccentricity
factors hex imposed by the boundary conditions.

Deformation under eccentric force

Study of moment resistance

Other physical tests were also carried out, and

finite-element simulations of interlock behaviour
under horizontal tensile forces were run.

Deformation for different parameters

The importance of rotation is affected by different

parameters such as the span and the stiffness of the
soil behind the sheet pile wall.
Study of interlock strength

Development of a design method

The analysis of test results and finite-element
parametric studies served to develop a design
method taking account of boundary conditions and
indirect actions to which a double Z sheet pile is
subject under local eccentric loading. This method
complies with European standard EN 1993-5 and
covers both local analysis and the effect on overall
resistance.

Rotation due to the antisymmetrical component of the force

(highly exaggerated)

The parametric studies examined several limit states

that might arise with eccentric loading under actual
boundary conditions:

The design method for bearing plates proposed

below is based not only on the tests described above
but also on another study on the determination of
bearing plate sizes [2], also carried out by the RWTH
Department of Steel Construction.

1. moment resistance of the cross-section at the point

of application of eccentric force,
2. interlock resistance (declutching),
3. shear resistance (punching shear resistance) of
flange and tensile resistance of web under local
anchor force.

Design method and parameters

NB:

Off-centre anchoring can also be used in the case of inclined tie rods; the design rules given here
concern only the horizontal component of anchor force, however.

Procedure:
Choose dimensions and check bearing plate
Determine eccentricity factors for each anchor point and check resistance to local forces
Determine reduction coefficients for each anchor point and check sheet piling at the anchor level and generally.

Choice of bearing plate dimensions

Bearing plate position

The dimensions of the bearing plate must be chosen

within the limits given below:

NB:

Width:

0.90 bc ba bc

Length:

ha 2.5 ba

The anchor and/or bolt must in all cases be

in the flange with the overlying interlock.

wrong

40mm

t a = 2 t F
d / 3
A

Thickness:

where :

right

bc = width of AZ pile flange (between fillet

tangent points) (cf Tab. 3)
tF = flange thickness
dA = nominal diameter of bolt or tie rod

Tab. 1:

Bearing plate hole diameters

(for guidance only)

Nominal
diameter

dSW

dA

mm

mm

mm

1.5

41

60

51

1.75

48

70

59

54

80

67

2.25

60

85

73

2.5

68

95

81

2.75

74

105

89

81

110

96

3.25

88

120

104

3.5

94

130

112

right

Right positioning of bearing plate

ds

bs

(Dimensions from [3])

Swivel plate from [3]

Bearing plate check

Note:

The following expressions are from report [2].

NB:

The design rules given here also apply to inclined tie rods; however, they concern only the horizontal
component of anchor force.
In the case of inclined tie rods, detail appropriately to introduce the vertical component into the sheet
pile wall, and make the necessary additional checks.
If alignment brackets are required (when the angles of inclination are steep), their application must be
studied case by case.

Bearing plates must be checked in bending. There may be several different situations:
anchor without waling
bolted waling

(possibly using a swivel plate

B)

several sheet piles anchored together, as a unit

(possibly using a swivel plate

D)

If there is no waling, there must be an anchor in each trough.

with nut

with nut

with nut

with swivel plate

Anchor in each double pile trough (no waling)

Anchorage without waling

Bearing plate check cases

FEd FRd , pl

&

B : no waling, or waling with bolts

2
f

4
t
= (ba ) X 1 + 3 a 1 y
3
M0

with nut:

X = ha d '

with swivel plate:

X = ha

If a single tie rod is to anchor several double piles, the off-centre bearing plate must be checked in accordance
with C or D. The bearing plates for waling bolts must be checked in accordance with A.

F(double pile)

F (double pile)

F (double pile)
F(waler)=(n-1)F(double pile)

F(bolt) = F(double pile)

F(bo lt) = F(double pile)

F(tie rod) = nF(double pile)

= F(double pile) + F(waling)

Bolt and anchor forces to be considered

with nut

bolt fixing

bolt fixing

with swivel plate

Anchoring of several
double piles
Here: (n=3) with nut

Anchoring of several
double piles
Here: (n=3) with swivel plate

Anchors with bolted waling

Bearing plate check cases

&

D : anchorage of several double piles (n>1)

f
4
ta
n

= (ba )
X 1 + 3 1 y
3
2 n 1

M0
X

FEd FRd , pl

with nut:

X=

ha d '+2(n 1)(s d ')

2n 1

with swivel plate:

X=

ha + 2(n 1)s
2n 1

where: for

&

B:

FEd = horizontal component of the anchor force per double pile

for

&

D:

FEd = horizontal component of the anchor force per tie rod

ba , ha , ta = width / length / thickness of bearing plate
fy = yield strength of bearing plate

d ' = (d SW + )/ 2

= load spread diameter

dSW = bolt head size (spanner size)

= diameter of hole in bearing plate

n = number of double piles to be anchored

s = distance between waling members

Additional check:

where:

for

fr

&

&

fy

2
d SW
2
M0
2 2

(with nut):

FEd

(with swivel plate):

FEd d s (bX )

dS = diameter of semi-cylindrical lugs (= 50 mm [3])

bx = min {bS; ba}
bS = width of swivel plate
6

fy
M0

Eccentricity factor hex,i at anchor point i

If there is more than one level of anchors, hex must be determined separately for each level.

NB:

The distance between the top anchor level and the top of the sheet piles must be at least 1.0 m.

L1

kS1
Level 1

hA 1

L1

Eccentricity factor:

hA2
where:

L2

kS2
Level 2

L2
for:

ex ,i =
1+

hA,i
Li

< 1.00

with:

for:

Anchor levels to be considered

h ex, i

= eccentricity factor (dimensionless)

C Sym, i = stiffness of the system [MN/m2]

Li

= elastic length of tie rod [m]

h A, i

= distance from anchor level to top of pile [m]

C Ant

= torsional stiffness of sheet pile [MN/m2] (from Tab. 3)

EI

= flexural stiffness of sheet pile wall [MNm2/m] (from Tab. 3)

k s, i

= modulus of soil reaction at the anchor point in question

(average over length 2Li) [MN/m3] (cf guideline values in Tab. 2)

Tab. 2: Guideline values for modulus of soil reaction kS

Ground type

kS
MN/m3

Peat

Clay, silty clay, sandy/silty clay

Silt

10

Sand loose, moderately

NB:

compact, compact

40, 80, 150

Gravel

100

If the soil is stratified, a mean value for kS at the anchor level must be found.
7

C Ant

C Sym ,i = k s ,i Li 0.50 + 1.50 A,i

Li

C Sym ,i = k s ,i Li 2

where:

1
C Sym,i

Li = 4 4

hA,i
Li

EI
k s ,i

1.00

Sheet
piles

Flange
width

Plate
width

Double Flange
thickpile
ness
width

Web
thickness

Tab. 3: Design parameters for AZ sheet piles with off-centre anchors

cm/m

Interlock
characteristic

Classification as per EN 1993-5

Check of resistance of AZ sheet pile wall to local force

The design resistance of sheet piling to local force (at each off-centre anchor point) must be checked.

FEd, i RRd , Ex , AZ = min (RLock , Rk ; RVf , Rk ; Rtw, Rk )

M0

RVf ,Rk = (ha + ba ) t F

where:

fy
3

tensile resistance
of web

Rtw, Rk = ha tW f y (1 + ex,i )

In the expressions above:

FEd, i = FEd B = anchor force applied, per double pile
FEd = anchor force applied (horizontal component)

RLock , Rk = (ha + 2ba ) K L f u

(per linear metre)

B = width of double pile (from Tab. 3)
KL = interlock characteristic coefficient (from Tab. 3)

NB:

tF, tW = flange thickness / web thickness (from Tab. 3)

ba, ha = width / length of bearing plate

punching shear
resistance
of flange

(1 + ex ,i )

1
1 ex ,i

interlock
resistance

For the interlock resistance RLock, Rd, take fu

(ultimate tensile strength).

Tab. 4: AZ sheet pile steel grades

fyy, fu = yield strength / ultimate tensile strength of

AZ sheet piles (from Tab. 4)

h ex, i = eccentricity factor at anchor point concerned

Grade

Yield strength

(as per EN 10248)

fy

Ultimate tensile
strength fu

[N/mm ]

[N/mm2]

S 240 GP

240

340

S 270 GP

270

410

S 320 GP

320

440

S 355 GP

355

480

S 390 GP

390

490

S 430 GP

430

510

NB:

For FEd, take the horizontal component of the anchor force introduced into the double pile (cf diagram
on page 7).

Note:

The expressions above, especially KL, are derived from equations (5.23), (5.24), and (5.25) in document [1].

Reduction coefficients i ex, i at anchor point i

At the anchor point i considered:

where:

ex ,i = 1 (1 ex ,i )

FEd ,i
C Ex f y

i ex, i = reduction coefficient at anchor point i

h ex, i = eccentricity factor at anchor point
FEd, i

= horizontal component of anchor force applied (per linear metre of sheet pile wall)

fy

= yield strength of AZ sheet pile (from Tab. 4)

CEx

= characteristic value for transverse bending of sheet pile (from Tab. 3)

If there is more than one level of anchors, i ex, i must be determined separately for each level.
Note:

In the case of retaining walls combining off-centre anchors and centred anchors or braces, take
at centred anchor or bracing points.

i ex =1.0

Check of bending moment and shear capacity of sheet piling at anchor point
Classes 1 and 2:

M Ed M c , Rd = ex ,i W pl , Net

fy
M0

W pl , Net = W pl , Gross rW, pl

rW, pl = 1.0 0.8

M Ed M c ,Rd = ex ,i Wel, Net

Class 3:

fy
M0

Wel , Net = Wel , Gross rW, el

rW,el = 1.0 1.3
and:

VEd VRd = ex ,i

and also, for:

VEd
> 0.50:
VRd

AV f y

3 M0

M-V interaction: M Ed M V ,Rd

where: = 2 Ed 1
V

Rd

AV2 f y

= ex ,i W pl , Net
4
t

sin
w'

M0

In the expressions above:

MEd

= bending moment in cross-section considered [kNm/m]

VEd

= shear force in cross-section considered [kN/m]

Wel, Wpl

= elastic/plastic section modulus of AZ sheet pile [cm3/m] (from Tab. 3)

AV

= shear area of AZ sheet pile [cm2/m] (from Tab. 3)

= angle of AZ sheet pile web [] (from Tab. 3)

fy

= yield strength of AZ sheet pile (from Tab. 4)

rW

= reduction coefficient (dimensionless) to take account of reduction of cross-sectional area

at anchor point

= diameter of hole in AZ sheet pile [m]

i ex, A, i

= reduction coefficient to take account of eccentricity at anchor point.

tw

= 2 tw / B [cm/m]

10

Checks of general sections of sheet pile wall

Simplified, taking: i ex, F = min i ex, i
Classes 1 and 2: M Sd M c , Rd = ex ,F W pl

Class 3:

M Sd M c ,Rd = ex ,F Wel

and:

VSd VRd = ex ,F

AV

On condition that there is no other reduction in

cross-sectional area, the gross section modulus values
can be used.

fy
M0

To check general sections (above, below, and

between anchorages), and to simplify matters while
still staying on the safe side, the smallest of the
values for i ex, i at adjacent anchor points can be
taken for i ex, F . More favourable values can be
determined as explained below.

fy
M0

fy

3 M0

More precise determination of i ex, F in general sections

More favourable reduction coefficients, i ex, F, can be determined for general sections by taking account of: the
distance between the anchor point and the section considered; where applicable, the distance LA between two
adjacent layers of anchors; and the cross-section with the maximum bending moment.
a) Single anchored sheet pile walls, or sections above the top anchor layer / below the bottom anchor layer
maximum moment for

maximum moment for

x
x<

LEx
LEx

ex,F =1.0

= 1,0
2 : ex , F

interpolation between
2 : i ex, i and i ex, = 1,0

where: x = distance between anchor point and section with

maximum moment (in general section)
LEx = reference length of sheet pile (from Tab. 3)

ex,i

L Ex /2

L Ex /2
ex,F =1.0

Zone of reduction in bending moment resistance

b) Multiple anchored sheet pile walls, between 2 adjacent anchor layers A1 and A2

Zone of reduction in bending moment resistance in the case of several layers of off-centre anchors

where:

LA = distance between the two adjacent layers of anchors

A) Extreme case (large distance):

LA LEx

maximum moment for x1 <

_ L Ex /2 - zone (1)-:

linear interpolation between i ex, 1 & i ex, F = 1,0

maximum moment in zone (2):

i ex,F = 1,0

maximum moment for x2 <

_ L Ex /2 - zone (3) -: linear interpolation between i ex, 2 & i ex, F = 1,0
11

B) Normal case:

LEx LA LEx / 2

maximum moment for x1 <

_ L A L Ex / 2 - zone (1) -:

linear interpolation between

i ex, 1 & F ,1 = ex ,1 + (1 ex ,1 ) (

maximum moment in zone (2):

maximum moment for x2 <
_ L A L Ex / 2 - zone (3) -:

2 LA
1)
LEx

linear interpolation between i F, 1 & i F, 2

linear interpolation between
i ex, 2 & F , 2 = ex , 2 + (1 ex , 2 ) (

L A < LEx / 2

C) Extreme case (short distance):

In all of general section:

2 LA
1)
LEx

linear interpolation between i ex, 1 & i ex, 2

12

Example of design
System and action effects

System

Results of numerical calculation (design values)

It is proposed to anchor every second double pile.

It is proposed to install horizontal tie rods: smooth bars with threaded upset ends, with swivel plate to cater for
possible settlements.
Intermediate double sheet piles will be bolted to a waling consisting of two 300 mm channel sections set 160 mm
apart.

Choice of bolt, tie rod, and bearing plate dimensions

Waling: FEd = 1,26 366 = 461 kN / double pile
choice: bolt dA = 2,25 (no calculation)
choice: plate ba / ha / ta = 140 / 220 / 40 mm / S355JR
Anchor: FEd = 2 1,26 366 = 922 kN / double pile
choice: tie rod dA = 3,0 (no calculation)
choice: plate ba / ha / ta = 140 / 220 / 85 mm / S355JR
In this example no check is carried out for the bolts and tie rods. It is assumed that the steel grade chosen will
withstand the critical design forces.

13

Bearing plate dimension check

! bc = 143 mm
ba = 140 mm!
ha = 220 mm 2,5 ba = 350 mm
! 0,90 bc = 129 mm
! 2 t F = 36 mm
!
t a = 40 mm! min t a = 40 mm
Bolt bearing plates:
! d / 3 = 19 mm
! A
! 2 t F = 36 mm
!
t a = 85 mm! min t a = 40 mm
! d / 3 = 25 mm
! A

Tie rod bearing plates:

where:

M 0 = 1,0

Check of bolt bearing plate in bending

With:

d A = 2,25"

and (type A):

d '= 73 mm

= 60 mm

X = ha d ' = 220 73 = 147 mm

2
2
!
! f
!
!
4
(ba )X ! 1 + 3!!t a !! 1! y = 4 (140 60)147 ! 1 + 3!! 40 !! 1! 355 = 587 kN > 461 kN
3
!
! M 3
!
! 1000 1,0
!X !
!147 !
!
!
!
!

FEd FRd , pl =

FEd

Additional check:

355
= 1429 kN > 461 kN
(d SW2 2 ) f y = (852 602) 1000
1,0
2 2
2 2
M

Check of tie rod bearing plate in bending

With :

n=2

s = 160 mm

d A = 3,0"

= 81 mm

and (Typ D):

FEd FRd , pl =

X =

ha + 2(n 1) s 220 + 2 1 160

=
= 180 mm
2n 1
3

2
2
!
! f
!
!
4
(ba ) n X ! 1 + 3!!t a !! 1! y = 4 (140 81) 2 180 ! 1 + 3!! 85 !! 1! 355 = 978 kN > 922 kN
3
2n 1 !
3
! M 3
!
! 1000 1,0
!180 !
!X !
!
!
!
!

Additional check:

FEd d s (ba )

fy
M

= 50 (140 81)

355
= 1047 kN > 922 kN
1000 1,0

14

Determination of eccentricity factor

EI = 173,88 MNm 2 / m

AZ-Profil: AZ 36

C Ant = 153,15 MN / m 2
k s = 80 MN / m 3

Ground at anchor level: moderately compact sand

Anchor level:

Li = 4 4

hA = 3,0 m

hA
= 1,75 1,00
Li

EI
= 1,72 m
ks

CSym = k s Li 2 = 275MN / m 2

ex =

1+

1
= 0,36
CSym
C Ant

Check of the resistance of the AZ36 pile to local forces

RLock , Rk = ( ha + 2ba ) K L f u
RVf , Rk = (ha + ba ) t F

fy
3

1
410
1
= (220 + 2 140) 2,37

= 759 kN
1 ex
1000 1 0,36

(1 + ex ) = (220 + 140) 18

Rtw, Rk = ha tW f y (1 + ex ) = 220 14
FEd = 461 kN RRd ,Ex , AZ =
Note:

270
(1 + 0,36) = 1374 kN
1000 3

270
(1 + 0,36) = 1131 kN
1000

min(RLock ,Rk ; RVf , Rk ; Rtw,Rk ) 759

=
= 759 kN
M0
1,0

This check is valid for bearing plates for both bolts and anchors since their dimensions ba and ha are the same.

Reduction coefficient i ex at anchor point

ex = 1 (1 ex )

FEd
366
= 1 (1 0,36)
= 0,96
C Ex f y
9,60 355

Check of action effects at anchor point

AZ sheet pile: AZ 36 / S270GP

Wel = 3600 cm 3 / m

AV = 94,2 cm 2 / m

Although the sheet pile can be deemed to be class 1-2 under EN 1993-5, to be on the safe side the check is carried
out for the elastic moment resistance.
with:

= 81 mm

(it is assumed that the most critical condition is that corresponding to the greatest reduction in
the sectional area, at the level of the anchor).

Wel , Net = Wel , Gross rW ,el = 3600 (1.0 1,3 0,081) = 3221 cm 3 / m

M Ed M c ,Rd = ex, A Wel , Net

VEd VRd = ex , A

fy
M0

= 0,96 3221

270
= 835 kNm / m > 129 kNm/m (
1000 1,0

AV f y
94,2 270

= 0,96

= 1410 kN / m > 280 kN/m (

3 M0
3 10 1,0
15

VEd
= 0,20 0,50 (
VRd

Check of action effects in general sections

To simplify matters (with i ex, F = i ex, A):

M c ,Rd = ex , A Wel

fy
M0

= 0,96 3600

270
= 933 kNm / m < M Ed = 965 kNm/m
1000 1,0

With a more precise value for i Ex, F:

x = 6,60m (distance between tie rod and section with maximum moment):

LEx = 6,0 m

M Ed M c ,Rd
Note:

LEx
ex ,F = 1,0
= 3,0 m
2
f
270
= ex , A Wel y = 1,0 3600
= 972 kNm / m > 965 kNm/m (
M0
1000 1,0
x>

With i ex, F = i ex, A and taking the plastic moment resistance, the check would also be met:
MEd <
_ M c, Rd = 1088 kNm / m > 965 kNm/m.
Moreover, assuming i ex, F = 1,0 the result is even MEd <
_ M c, Rd = 1133 kNm / m > 965 kNm/m.

Front bearing plate:

140x220x40 / S355JR

Swivel plate:
160x160x50 / S355JR

Waling: 2 U 300
s=160

Tie rod:

Bearing plate:
140x220x85 / S355JR

Bolt:

Rear bearing plate:

140x220x45 / S355JR

System diagram

Bibliography
[1]

Exzentrische Lasteinleitung in Z-Bohlen, Endbericht mit Bemessungskonzept, Lehrstuhl fr Stahlbau, RWTH

Aachen, November 2002

[2]

Bestimmung der Ankerplattenabmessungen bei Spundwandbauwerken, Endbericht, Lehrs. fr Stahlbau,

RWTH Aachen, Februar 2004

[3]

Anchorage catalogue, Anker Schroeder, Editions 1995-200

[4]

Steel Sheet Piling General Catalogue

[5]

EAB, Empfehlungen Arbeitsausschuss Baugruben

[6]

DIN 18800, Stahlbauten, Deutsches Institut fr Normung, November 1990

[7]

EN 1993-5, Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures, Part 5: Piling

16

Off-centre anchoring of AZ sheet pile walls

Steel Sheet Piling

Sheet Piling
Arcelor Commercial RPS S. r.l.
66, rue de Luxembourg
L-4221 Esch-sur-Alzette (Luxembourg)
Tel. +352 5313 3105
Fax +352 5313 3290
E-mail sheet-piling@arcelor.com
www.arcelor.com/sheetpiling

1-4-05-1-E