Photzy
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION
Short Guide
Written by Jason D. Little
Jnos Csongor Kerekes
https://www.flickr.com/photos/kjcs/6166557361
CONTENTS
01
Start With a Question
p.5
02
The Rule of Thirds
p.6
The Golden Spiral
p.7
The Golden Rectangle
p.8
Geometry
p.9
p.13
10
Patterns
p.14
11
Balance
p.15
12
Orientation
p.16
Conclusion
p.18
Framing
p.10
07
Symmetry
06
09
05
p.12
04
Filling the Frame
03
08
13
Leading Lines
p.11
For photographers, particularly new photographers just
beginning their journey in the field, composition quickly reveals
itself to be an inescapable term. Its a term that has no doubt
been drilled into your head by a photography instructor or
by every photography article or book youve ever read or by
your photographer friend who wont shut up about it. This
composition thing just wont go away!
Composition is everything. No matter how many different
official definitions you come across or how many different ways
some online photography guru tries to explain it to you, it all
boils down to a matter of visual appeal. You can have a sharp,
noise-free image of the coolest subject in the world and it will fail
to garner the attention you want for it if it is poorly composed.
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
Of course, this doesnt mean that focus and exposure are unimportant it would be a
mistake to think so; the technical aspects of photography still matter and play key roles
in crafting a good photograph. While we rely on our cameras to some extent to handle
things like metering and autofocus, things like composition and subject matter are left
entirely up to the photographers mind and the photographers eye. The camera cannot
assist us with these matters.
Composition is an
intimidating topic for
some, a mystifying
topic for others.
Exposure, focus, and subject matter notwithstanding, the hallmark of memorable
photos is thoughtful composition. But if talking about the elements of photography in
terms of good and bad belies the subjectivity of the art form, how then do we in
fact determine what is good or bad?
Understandably, composition is an intimidating topic for some, a mystifying topic
for others. But it doesnt have to be either of these. Composition doesnt have to be
something that keeps you up at night.
Instead, we can look to some of the classic guidelines of composition to learn what
works and why. Many centuries before any of us were born, artists namely, painters
figured it all out. They determined how the placement of a subject best impacts the
larger scene. The compositional guidelines that worked in generations past work just
as well today. But in the true artists spirit, we dont have to stop there; we dont have
to remain content with working within strict boundaries. We learn the rules and what
they mean so that we can become better equipped to break those rules.
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
START WITH A QUESTION
How do I want the
viewers eyes to navigate
my photo?
Before worrying too much about specific rules and guidelines
of composition, the most important thing you can do is ask
yourself a question: How do I want the viewers eyes to navigate
my photo? How a viewer looks at an image is a vital factor in
determining how they perceive and interpret an image, so its up
to the photographer to construct the scene in such a way that
faithfully represents what they intend to convey.
The guidelines below will help you achieve exactly that.
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
THE RULE OF THIRDS
The most basic of compositional
guidelines, the rule of thirds, suggests
dividing an image into thirds both
horizontally and vertically and placing
important visual elements at or near these
imaginary boundaries.
Hamed Saber
https://www.flickr.com/photos/hamed/160893800
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
By applying a ratio of 1:1.618 (the
golden ratio) instead of the equidistant
parameters of the standard rule of thirds
and getting creative with the placement of
important visual aspects, youve instantly
opened up several alternate techniques.
THE GOLDEN SPIRAL
Jnos Csongor Kerekes
https://www.flickr.com/photos/kjcs/6166557361
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
THE GOLDEN RECTANGLE
Jacob Hohmann Brown
https://www.flickr.com/photos/jacob-brown/4027163461
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
GEOMETRY
One of the reasons using naturally
occurring geometry is such an effective
composition technique is because shapes
are easily identifiable and relatable to the
viewer. Everything around has some kind
of shape: buildings, houses, gadgets, land
formations. Exploit the shape of things
around you so that the viewers eyes will
go where you want them to go.
Jnos Csongor Kerekes
https://www.flickr.com/photos/kjcs/4922481419
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
FRAMING
This technique uses naturally occurring
elements to frame a subject and isolate it
from the rest of the image. It can also help
provide a visual boundary to the edges
of a scene, thereby curbing the natural
tendency of the eye to wander off the
frame.
Denniss Jarvis
https://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/2214286789
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
10
LEADING LINES
Whether straight or curved, implied or
geometric, the human eye tends to be
drawn into an image via lines; similar
to what the framing technique does,
lines keep the viewers eyes from simply
wandering aimlessly around a photo.
Michael Davis-Burchat
https://www.flickr.com/photos/curious_e/6617386657
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
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FILLING THE FRAME
Not to be confused with crowding the
frame, filling the frame is simply the
process of giving the subject a position
of prominence in the frame and greatly
minimizing (or eliminating) the impact of
whatever may be in the background. Its an
easily achieved composition method that
can pack a visual punch.
TumblingRun
https://www.flickr.com/photos/tumblingrun/6307636901
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
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SYMMETRY
If you have a strong point of interest and
a scene/subject that lends itself to it,
creating a symmetrical composition can
result in some striking imagery. Symmetry
can be created numerous ways, from
grouping identical subjects to including
strong reflections.
Blinking Idiot
https://www.flickr.com/photos/45325473@N04/5968900297
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
13
PATTERNS
Whether the result of nature or the work
of human hands, patterns exist absolutely
everywhere in the world. Use patterns to
bring a sense of rhythm to an image.
Kevin Dooley
https://www.flickr.com/photos/pagedooley/7172713553
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
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BALANCE
A balanced composition isnt necessarily
about symmetry. Balance, in this case,
refers to the presence of a secondary
point of interest that serves as something
of a counterpart to the main subject;
something to fill in the blanks, to provide a
counterweight, to balance the image.
Saud Faisal
https://www.flickr.com/photos/saudfaisal/2727675535
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
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ORIENTATION
Whether your photo is vertical or
horizontal can go a long way in
determining how the shot is perceived by
viewers. One orientation isnt better than
the other, but every photographer tends to
use one more than the other. Depending
on what youre shooting, a vertical format
may allow you to frame the subject more
tightly; vertical images also provide the
viewer with an easy up and down visual
journey.
Jason Devaun
https://www.flickr.com/photos/34316967@N04/12870933135
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
16
Horizontal images, on the other hand, feel
more natural, more like the way we see the
world around us.
James MK
https://www.flickr.com/photos/34316967@N04/6747968319
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
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IN CONCLUSION
If something
works for you, by all
means use it. But in your
quest to create art and
establish your own style,
you shouldnt feel
obligated to stick to any
particular rule.
Did you happen to notice anything interesting about the above compositional styles
and their accompanying photographic illustrations?
The rules and images could easily be mixed and matched; theres more than one
photo here that fits more than one of the rules of composition. Thats the nature of art
art is what you make it.
Furthermore, the guidelines listed here dont encompass the entirety of compositional
approaches; for instance, color and perspective (shooting from up high or down low)
can also be used as forms of composition. You might also find a way to combine more
than one technique in an image. All of this, in turn, is likely to push you toward what is
perhaps the ultimate goal of creative minds: breaking the rules of art in order to create
art.
There are plenty of artists and people with an interest in art who subscribe to the idea
that, like photographer Bruce Barnbaum proclaimed, Rules are foolish, arbitrary,
mindless things that raise you quickly to a level of acceptable mediocrity, then prevent
you from progressing further.
Use composition rules to establish some foundational knowledge; use them to get in
some good practice. Then get over them. If something works for you, by all means
use it. But in your quest to create art and establish your own style, you shouldnt feel
obligated to stick to any particular rule.
So, then, what is composition? Once again, Bruce Barnbaum says, [Composition is] an
arrangement of the parts of a work of art so as to form a unified, harmonious whole.
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
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QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
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About the Author
IF YOUD LIKE TO CONTINUE
LEARNING AND IMPROVING YOUR
PHOTOGRAPHY PLEASE VISIT
PHOTZY.COM
Jason D. Little is a photographer (shooting macros, portraits,
candids, and the occasional landscape), part time writer, and full
time lover of music.
You can see Jasons photography on his Photography Blog
or on Flickr.
QUICK GUIDE TO COMPOSITION // PHOTZY.COM
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