Smith v. Board of Trustees, 4th Cir. (1998)
UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
NANCY PAIGE SMITH,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
and
REGINALD SAVAGE,
Plaintiff,
v.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES, St. Mary's
College of Maryland,
Defendant-Appellee,
No. 97-1234
and
MICHAEL BERGER, Division of Head
of Human Development, St. Mary's
College of Maryland; MELVIN ENDY,
Provost; EDWARD LEWIS, President;
ALLAN PASKOW,
Defendants,
JOHN UNDERWOOD; KENNETH HOLMES,
Movants.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Maryland, at Greenbelt.
Deborah K. Chasanow, District Judge.
(CA-92-3646-DKC)
Argued: May 7, 1998
Decided: July 21, 1998
Before MICHAEL and MOTZ, Circuit Judges, and
TRAXLER, United States District Judge for the
District of South Carolina, sitting by designation.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
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COUNSEL
ARGUED: Gary Thomas Brown, GARY T. BROWN & ASSOCIATES, Washington, D.C., for Appellant. Dawna Marie Cobb,
Assistant Attorney General, Baltimore, Maryland, for Appellee. ON
BRIEF: Janice A. Simons, GARY T. BROWN & ASSOCIATES,
Washington, D.C., for Appellant. J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General of Maryland, Susan A. Griisser, Assistant Attorney General, Baltimore, Maryland, for Appellee.
_________________________________________________________________
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).
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OPINION
PER CURIAM:
This case arises out of a dispute between the defendant St. Mary's
College of Maryland (St. Mary's) and the plaintiff Dr. Nancy Smith,
a professor at St. Mary's, over the dismissal of Smith's husband and
colleague, Dr. Reginald Savage. Savage was terminated by St. Mary's
on November 6, 1992, for taking unauthorized leave from his teaching post. Smith felt that Savage's dismissal was a result of racial discrimination (Savage is African American) and made her feelings
known to other faculty members. When Savage appealed his dismissal internally to the College Evaluation Committee on November 13, 1992, Smith, who is white, characterized St. Mary's decision
to fire her husband as racist and denounced various college officials
in inflammatory terms as racists, liars, and criminals. After the Evaluation Committee rejected Savage's administrative appeal, both Savage and Smith filed this action in Maryland district court on
December 24, 1992, alleging (along with other claims) that Savage
2
was fired because of his race in violation of Title VII of the Civil
Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. 2000e.1
In the months after the original complaint was filed in December
1992, Smith accused certain of her colleagues of racial prejudice. On
February 9, 1993, the college newspaper published a letter from
Smith in which she accused one of her colleagues of making a racist
remark. In the letter Smith suggested that St. Mary's officials were
conspiring to provoke Savage into physically attacking college personnel so he could be arrested. Thereafter, Smith filed grievances,
alleging harassment and retaliation, against certain college personnel.
In early January 1993, about a week after Savage and Smith filed
their complaint in this action, Smith applied for promotion to the rank
of full professor. The process for promotion at St. Mary's includes
several levels of review, with the final decision being made by the
Board of Trustees. Smith's division head gave her a positive evaluation, but the Division Evaluation Committee gave her a negative recommendation in the fall of 1994. Smith then withdrew her application
for promotion before the Board of Trustees could consider it.
In 1994 pay also became an issue for Smith. St. Mary's awards
three levels of merit pay increases to its faculty,"merit," "high merit,"
and "outstanding merit" (in ascending order). The award of merit pay
is based on the provost's evaluation of each faculty member's
achievements in the areas of teaching, scholarship, and service.
Smith's 1994 evaluation indicated concerns about the quality of her
scholarship and made a special note of the fact that her papers needed
to lead to published articles. The evaluation also alleged that Smith's
frequent and unfounded allegations of racism were having a negative
effect on the intellectual life of the college. As a result of this evaluation, Smith received only a "merit" raise instead of the "high merit"
raise recommended by her division head.
Some of these events postdating the original complaint prompted
Smith to amend her complaint to include additional allegations.
Among these were allegations under Title VII that St. Mary's denied
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1 Savage's case ended in a mistrial, and he is not a party to this appeal.
3
Smith's promotion and "high merit" raise because she was married to
an African American and because she had engaged in protected activity under the Act, such as protesting alleged racial incidents and filing
suit against the college. The case went to trial in January 1996. The
jury found that St. Mary's violated Title VII in denying Smith a promotion and a sufficient ("high merit") pay increase. Smith was
awarded $1,300 in damages.
On January 23, 1997, the district court set aside the jury's verdict
and entered judgment for St. Mary's on all counts. The court first
noted that because Smith had withdrawn her application for promotion prior to the time the Board of Trustees had the opportunity to
consider it, she had not pursued the promotion process to completion.
Because Title VII protects against discrimination only in final
employment decisions, not intermediate steps, the court concluded
that Smith did not state a claim under Title VII because she had withdrawn her application in the middle of the process. See Savage v.
Board of Trustees of St. Mary's College, Civ. Action No. DKC 923646, slip op. at 6 (D. Md. Jan. 23, 1997). The court also determined
that there was insufficient evidence to support the claim that Smith
was denied a "high merit" salary increase because of racial discrimination. See id., slip op. at 10-14. Finally, the court concluded that St.
Mary's decision to deny the higher salary increase was not retaliation
because Smith's excessive and unsubstantiated public accusations of
racism overstepped the bounds of protected activity under Title VII.
See id., slip op. at 15-17. We are persuaded by the district court's
analysis on all of these issues. We therefore affirm on the reasoning
of the district court.2
AFFIRMED
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2 Smith also appeals a variety of evidentiary rulings made by the district court before and during trial. On these matters, we have considered
Smith's arguments and find them to be without merit.
4
