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EC501 EMBEDDED SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 1
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Understand the concept of embedded system:
INTRODUCTION TO
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
POLITEKNIK SULTAN HAJI AHMAD SHAH
Dr. Bakhtiar Bin Md Shaari @ email: dbms@polisas.edu.my
1. Describe the meaning of embedded system
2. Explain microcontroller as the heart of
embedded system
3. Relate embedded system examples with real
life application
4. Differentiate Microcontroller and
microprocessor
5. Discuss the advantages of microcontroller
application
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Definition
Embedded system is a computer system that cannot be
programmed by the user because it is preprogrammed
for a specific task and embedded within the equipment
which it serves.
(McGraw-Hill Science & Technology Encyclopedia:)
Embedded system is a product controlled by its own
internal microprocessor or microcontroller with a purpose
for specific functions needed for the system
MICROCONTROLLERS AS HEART OF
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
A microcontroller is the data processing "brain" of an
embedded system.
Definition for: embedded system
A combination of hardware and software which together
form a component of a larger machine.
An example of an embedded system is a microprocessor
that controls an automobile engine.
An embedded system is designed to run on its own
without human intervention, and may be required to
respond to events in real time.
Source: www.computeruser.com/resources/dictionary
Microcontroller as the Heart of
Embedded System
Like
In an embedded system, a microcontroller receives
input signals, processes the input signals and
generates output signals based on the processing.
Microcontroller like brain?? Woww.. It is great
For example, in a thermometer embedded system, the
microcontroller may receive a signal from a temperature
measuring device, process the signal and send data to a
display device to show the temperature being sensed.
right? the microcontroller will:
Because,
Receive Input Signal
Output
Process it
Produce an
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EMBEDDED SYSTEM EXAMPLES
Embedded systems are used in all aspects of
modern life and there are many examples of
their use, including:
1. Telecommunications systems
2. Consumer electronics
3. Transportation systems
EMBEDDED SYSTEM EXAMPLES
..cont
Physically, embedded systems range from
portable devices such as digital watches
and MP3 players, to large stationary
installations like traffic lights, factory
controllers, or the systems controlling
nuclear power plants.
4. Medical equipment
5. Etc
EMBEDDED SYSTEM EXAMPLES
Line Follower
Robot
Microcontroller is greathow about our
computer (microprocessor)?
Next slide describe the difference between
uP and uC
Washing Machine
uP
For more
detail, please
refer book
page 25
uC
Air-Bag
Applications
Areas
Application Areas
TV
stereo
remote control
phone / mobile phone
refrigerator
microwave
washing machine
electric tooth brush
oven / rice or bread cooker
watch
alarm clock
electronic musical instruments
electronic toys (stuffed animals,handheld toys, pinballs, etc.)
medical home equipment (e.g. blood
pressure, thermometer)
[PDAs?? More like standard computer system]
Consumer Products
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Application Areas
Medical Systems
pace maker, patient monitoring systems, injection systems,
intensive care units,
Office Equipment
printer, copier, fax,
Tools
multimeter, oscilloscope, line tester, GPS,
Banking
ATMs, statement printers,
Transportation
(Planes/Trains/[Automobiles] and Boats)
radar, traffic lights, signalling systems,
Application Areas
Automobiles
engine management, trip computer, cruise
control, immobilizer, car alarm,
airbag, ABS, ESP,
Building Systems
elevator, heater, air conditioning, lighting, key
card entries, locks, alarm systems,
Agriculture
feeding systems, milking systems,
Space
satellite systems,
Application Areas
Facts:
1997: The average U.S. household has over 10
embedded computers (source: www.it.dtu.dk/~jan)
Automobiles
1998: 90% Embedded Systems vs. 10%
Computers
(source: Frautschi, www.caliberlearning.com)
2001: The Volvo S80 has 18 embedded
controllers and 2 busses (source: Volvo)
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Embedded in a Shoe!
Characteristics of Embedded System
Embedded systems are designed to do a
specific task
Embedded systems are not always standalone
devices
The microprocessor embedded in this adidas running shoe
calculates the pressure between the runner's foot and the
ground five million times per second and continuously
changes the cushioning to match an adjustable comfort level.
The computer controls a motor that lengthens and shortens a
cable attached to a plastic cushioning element.
The program instructions written for embedded
systems are referred to as firmware, and are
stored in read-only memory or flash memory chips.
Microcontroller versus generalpurpose microprocessor
Microcontroller versus generalpurpose microprocessor
Microprocessor is an IC which has only
the CPU inside them i.e. only the
processing. Application of microprocessor
includes Desktop PCs, Laptops, notepads
etc.
Microprocessor is the general purpose
microprocessors such as Intels x86 family
(8086, 80286,80386, 80486 and the
Pentium) or Motorolas family
A microcontroller (sometimes
abbreviated C, uC or MCU) is a small
computer on a single integrated circuit
containing a processor core, memory, and
programmable input/output peripherals.
Microprocessor based system
Microprocessor (P)
vs.
Microcontroller (C)
To store the information (during CPU
operation)
CPU / P
Register
ALU
To process the information
Control Unit
To control the direction of information
A system designer using a general-purpose microprocessor
must add RAM, ROM, I/O ports and timers externally to
make them functional.
(CPU, Memory, I/O)
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Micro controller system
P vs. C
C
CPU / P
DATA BUS
ALU
Register
RAM
ROM
I/O
Timer
Serial
COM
Control Unit
ADDRESS BUS
All the support devices like Read only memory, Read
Write memory, Timer, Serial interface, I/O ports are internal.
In other words, the processor, RAM, ROM, I/O ports and
timer are all on a single chip.
CONTROL BUS
Differences between microcontrollers
and microprocessor based system
Microcontroller
Microprocessor
Dedicated to one specific task
Can do many different task
Support devices are internal for a
micro controller
Support devices are external in a
microprocessor based system
Micro controllers offer software
protection
micro processor base system fails
to offer a protection system.
Time required to build the circuit
will be less, the size will be less and
power consumption will be less
Time required to build the circuit
will be more, the size will be more and
power consumption will be more
Not expensive
Expensive
End-of-chapter Problems 1
1.
Microcontrollers are normally less
expensive than microprocessors.
(true/false)
2. When comparing a system board based on a
microcontroller and a general purpose
microprocessor, which one is cheaper?
3.
The advantages of microcontroller
application
Small size
program is difficult to copy because of copy
protection functions and an emulator will be
required to copy it.
Reduce chip count
Many applications do not require as much
computing power
Reduced power consumption
Reduced design cost
End-of-chapter Problems 1 ..cont..
4.
List the differences between microcontroller and
microprocessor.
5.
List the advantages of microcontroller application.
6.
Microcontroller normally has which of the following
devices on-chip?
What does the term embedded system mean?
a) RAM b) ROM
c) I/O
d) all of the above
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Wassalam
Terima Kasih
