Thoughtful Solutions
Creatively Implemented and Communicated
http://www.thoughtful-solutions.info/
Basic Solaris Commands
Quick Reference Card
Conventions
<CR>
<ESC>
<DEL>
<Ctrl-X>
italics
Shell Commands
passwd
logout
File Hierarchy
cd dir1
ls
ls -l
mkdir dir1
rmdir dir1
cp f1 f2
mv f1 [f2] dir1
mv dir1 dir2
rm filename
ln file1 name
ln -s file1 name
pwd
Getting Help
man name
man -k subject
man -s# subject
man -s# Intro
RETURN key
ESCAPE key
DELETE key
press <Control> key and type x
items to be replaced by your own
requirements
File types and Listing
file filename
strings filename
cat filename
more filename
head
head
tail
tail
tail
filename
-n filename
filename
-n filename
-f filename
cut
wc filename
Change password
End terminal session
Change to directory dir1
List files in directory
List files in detail
Create new directory dir1
Remove directory dir1
Copy file f1 to f2
Move files f1 to fn to directory
dir1
Rename directory dir1 as dir2
Delete (remove) file filename
Create a hard link to file1 called
name
Create a soft link to file1 called
name
Show path to current directory
Show man page for command
name
Show man pages relating to
subject
Show man page relating to
subject in section number #
Show introductory man page for
section #
diff f1 f2
diff3 f1 f2 f3
sort filename
uniq
Redirection
STDIN
STDOUT
STDERR
comm > file
comm < file
comm 2> filename
comm >> filename
cat file <<EOF
data
EOF
comm1 | comm2
mkfifo name
mknod name p
Classify the file
Show any ASCII strings in a file
Display contents of file to STDOUT
Display contents of file one
screenful at a time
Display first 10 lines of file
Display first n lines of file
Display last 10 lines of file
Display last n lines of file
Recursively display last 10 lines of
file
Extract character or fields from
text
Count lines, words and characters
in file
Find differences between two files
Find differences between 3 files
Sort file alphabetically by first
letter
Report or filter out repeated lines
Standard Input, typically the
keyboard
Standard Output, typically the
screen
Standard Error, where errors are
sent. Typically the screen
Output of comm creates file
Contents of file used as input to
comm
Error messages from comm sent to
file
Output from comm appended to
file
Create a document called file
containing data
Output from comm1 used as input
to comm2
Create a named pipe called name
Create a named pipe called name
File Security
chmod mode filename
Change security settings on file
chown user [:group] filename
Change owner [and owning group] of
file
chgrp group filename
Change owning group of file
umask mode
Set default creation permissions
Symbolic modes
Mode
Meaning
Mode
Meaning
user
read
group
write
other
execute
all
u+s
setuid
assign
g+s
setgid
add
+t
sticky bit
remove
Octal modes
Base directory mode is 777. Base file mode is 666
user
group
other
Shell Wildcards
Metacharacter
Meaning
Any character
Any single character
[ ]
A range of characters
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Translations and Searching
tr set1 set2
Translates set1 to set2
sed
Powerful text manipulation tool
grep pattern filename
Finds lines containing pattern in
file
grep -v pattern filename
Finds lines NOT containing
pattern in file
grep -i pattern filename
Finds all lines containing
pattern in file ignoring case
find path condition
Finds files matching condition
from path downwards
find path -inum n Finds hard links, i.e. All files with
the same i-node number
who
Displays users on system
who am i
Shows real user id
w
Displays users on system
id
Shows effective username & UID,
and group membership
look word
Searches /usr/dict/words for
word
Regular Expressions
.
Any character
^
Start of line
End of line
Any number of the preceding characters
A single character
[ ]
Holds a range
[^ ]
Holds a negated range
\( \)
Creates a submatch
\1-9
Reference a submatch
Escapes special character meanings
Networking
telnet hostname [port]
Connects to host and opens a
shell. Optionally on specified port.
ftp hostname
Connects to a remote host to
transfer files
ssh hostname [command ]
Makes a secure connection to
host and opens a shell.
Processes and Process Control
ps
Displays processes running on a
host
prstat
Displays iterating list of processes
by CPU usage
command &
Run command in background
jobs
Print list of jobs
fg [%n]
Resume foreground job n
bg [%n]
Resume background job n
stop %n
Suspend background job n
kill [%n]
Kill job n
<Ctrl-c>
Interrupt process
<Ctrl-z>
Suspend current process
kill n
Kill process n
kill -9 n
Terminate process n
<Ctrl-s>
Stop screen scrolling
<Ctrl-q>
Resume screen output
sleep n
Sleep for n seconds
Shells and Variables
variable=value
Create local variable variable
with value value
export variable
Make variable an
environmental variable
unset variable
Remove environment variable
set
Show local variables
env
Show environmental variables
alias name1 name2 Create command alias
alias
Show command aliases
unalias name1
Remove command alias name1
history
Display recent commands
! n
Submit recent command n
set -o vi
Recall commands, edit and reexecute using vi commands
set -o emacs
Recall commands, edit and re-execute
using emacs commands
Shell Initialization
/etc/profile ($HOME/.profile)
sh, bash, ksh system wide (per user) init
(system wide init has no effect in CDE environment).
/etc/.login ($HOME/.login)
csh, tcsh system wide (per user) init
(system wide init has no effect in CDE environment).
$HOME/.cshrc
per user csh, tcsh init
(order: /etc/.login $HOME/.cshrc $HOME/.login)
$HOME/.kshrc
per user ksh init
(order: /etc/profile $HOME/.profile $HOME/.kshrc)
$HOME/.bashrc
per user bash init
(order: /etc/profile $HOME/.profile $HOME/.bashrc)
Shell Programming
#!path/to/shell
'sh-bang' is a special string which
indicates that the path following
contains the location of the command
to run the script
Flow Control
sh;bash;ksh
csh;tcsh
ifthenelse
if [ condition ];
then
actions_1;
elif [ condition ];
then
actions_2;
else
actions_3;
fi
do
while
while [ condition ]; while (condition)
do
actions
actions;
end
done
until
until [ condition ];
do
actions;
done
for
for arg in list ;
do
actions;
done
if (condition)
then
action_1;
else if (condition)
then
action_2;
else
action_3;
endif
Not available
foreach arg (list)
actions
end
