ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW LECTURE

BOARD EXAMS
1. ___________ is a psychological experience characterized by concern about future events, and ___________ is
characterized by concern about current circumstances.
a. Panic; anxiety
b. Fear; anxiety
c. Anxiety; fear
d. Depression; anxiety
2. Which of the following is true about generalized anxiety disorder?
a. It is most common in individuals aged 1524 years.
b. Its course tends to be chronic.
c. It is the least common of the anxiety disorders.
d. It is more common in men.
3. Which technique appears to be the most effective treatment for phobias?
a. exposure to the feared stimulus under therapeutic supervision
b. rapid and repeated exposure to the feared stimulus followed by immediate escape
c. hypnosis during which fear-related conflicts are banished from the unconscious
d. challenging the client to see that the fears are irrational, unrealistic, and excessive
4. Behaviors that deviate from the norm is__________________
a. Most of the time considered a disorder if they violate a social norm
b. Appears to be a disorder whatever their culture
c. Normally seen as a disorder when they impair function
d. Never judged dependent on the person who does them
5. Typically, the first part of the assessment process is to
a. conduct psychological testing to assess the problem.
b. determine a diagnosis and rule out other diseases
c. discuss with the client the most appropriate intervention for her/his condition
d. have the client describe the major difficulties he/she is having.
6. Abnormality explained through the biological and psychological models or theories originating from ancient
greek concept except ______________
a. Mind was considered separate from the body
b. Fluids that flow from the body affects behavior and personality
c. Reproductive organs of females were related with psychopathology
d. Human behavior were influenced by movements of the planet
7. Gardo has been frequently turning the knob seven times and checking the door 3 times every night before he
sleeps. When he does this, there seems to a sense of calmness that he experiences knowing that he has
tightly secured the area. This behavior usually happens every day and is otherwise known as:
a. Compulsion
b. Echolalia
c. Obsession
d. Derailment
8. Mario has an inherited personality trait that makes him more likely to be unstable in forming relationships with
others. As a result, he may not have many friends and tend to be a loner. If Mario were to develop
depression, the model that would probably best explain this situation and the cause of his depression is
____________
a. Diathesis-stress
b. Reciprocal gene-environment
c. Biological
d. Interpersonal
9. After several days of being in a coma, Jay-Z suddenly woke up. When he looked at his mom, he asked where
am I? What am doing in here? And who are you?. He mentions this while the look in his face was
confused. With these questions, the client seems to be experiencing:
a. Disorientation
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b. Delusion
c. Derealization
d. Amnesia
10. Glenda had been seriously drinking for several weeks now. She doesnt seem to care that she is not able to go
to her work on time and at times sleeps at work. This all started when her boyfriend left her for good and
did not even say goodbye to her. Glenda may be suffering from ________________
a. Substance Related Disorder- Alcohol Use
b. Substance Related Disorder- Undifferentiated Alcohol Use
c. Substance Related Disorder- Cannabis Use
d. None of the Above
11. According to cross fostering researches, environmental impacts of early parenting _____________
a. Does not have an effect on any genetic contribution to be reactive to stress
b. Seem to override any genetic contribution to be reactive to stress
c. Has no impact on future generations in the expression of personality traits or temperament
d. Seem to show that random effects on any genetic influence is reactive to stress
12. After being diagnosed as having a mental illness, he was seen having symptoms of delusions of grandeur
within a 3 months period but they do not seem bizarre hallucinations and he seems to have some
depressive episodes. His condition is otherwise known as:
a. Delusional Disorder
b. Schizophrenia
c. Schizophreniform Disorder
d. Psychotic
13. It is insufficient to say that abnormality is defined if a particular behavior is atypical or not culturally dependent
because _____
a. Behavior that does not occur a lot of times is considered an abnormality in every culture.
b. Society may not be or is less willing to tolerate oddness in people who are famous or productive
c. Behaviors do not vary much from one culture to another
d. There is a lot of people who act in ways that are different from the average but it doesnt connote that
they have a disorder.
14. One of the theories that causes schizophrenia in others is that the increase and decrease in the dopamine
neurotransmitter. This means that there are individuals who experience neurotransmitter imbalances that
can cause schizophrenia.
a. the first statement is true; and the 2nd statement is also true
b. the first statement is true; and the 2nd statement is false
c. Both statements are false
d. Both statements are true
15. Which of the following is the best description of schizophrenia?
a. Schizophrenia is characterized by symptoms common to everyone with the diagnosis.
b. Schizophrenia is characterized by symptoms common to everyone with the diagnosis.
c. Schizophrenia is characterized by having dissociation.
d. Schizophrenia is characterized by behavior and symptoms that arent necessarily common to everyone
with the diagnosis.
16. A mental exam conducted should be able to determine mood and affect of the client. Although both of these
terms relate as a feeling state in an individual, the more correct term to say is that mood is more
___________ than affect.
a. Severe
b. Changeable
c. Frequent
d. Pervasive
17. The ___________ biochemicals which is associated not only with anxiety but also with depression.
a. GABA
b. Noradrenergic
c. Serotonergic
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d. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) hormone

18. A person with a personality disorder ______________
a. Thinks that the disorder comes and go
b. The person thinks there is nothing wrong with her/him
c. Frequently be distressed by his/her disorder
d. The disorder starts slowly
19. An essential feature of Somatic Symptom Disorder is
a. Excessive time and energy devoted to these symptoms or health concerns.
b. A symptom should have a significant distress in daily life.
c. Persistent high levels of anxiety about health
d. All of the above
20. A person with body dysmorphic disorder may be more easily understood by
a. examining the great lengths people go to in various cultures to alter their bodies in a manner consistent with
cultural ideals.
b. using hypnosis to explore the patient's unconscious desires to be attractive.
c. exploring the neurobiological differences between patients diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder and those
without the diagnosis.
d. examining the family histories of patients diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorderk
21. Yesterday, someone told you that an individual who was intoxicated with alcohol has vandalized and assaulted
a teacher. Based on your study of abnormal behavior, you are conscious of the fact that although alcohol
does not cause aggressive behavior, it may _________-
a. stimulate the inhibitory center of the brain, causing aggressive behavior.
b. activate the aggressive genes in the person's DNA
c. impair the ability to consider the consequences of acting impulsively.
d. increase the anxiety associated with being punished for one's actions.
22. Referring to mood disorders called cyclothymia and dysthymia, it would be accurate to mention that individuals
with cyclothymia ____________
a. is considered moody
b. Probably does not function in a normal way at all
c. Has more depressive episodek
d. Has full manic episodes
23. The use of the word psychosomatic to refer at disorders with an obvious physical component can be
misleading because
a. There is an impression that psychological disorders like anxiety or depression do not have a biological
component
b. There is an assumption pointing that physical aspects of a disorder are less important than the psychological
c. The emphasis is on psychological symptoms of a disorder instead of the physical symptoms
d. There is an impression that psychological factors do not influence biological disorders.
24. Choose the most accurate statement that best describes a process when the activation of the HPA (hormonal)
axis takes place.
a. The hippocampus releases corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
b. CRF stimulates the thyroid gland
c. Via the parasympathetic nervous system, the pituitary gland activates the adrenal glands
d. Stress hormone cortisol is secreted by the adrenal glands.
25. In factitious disorder:
a. the individual is faking symptoms for personal gain
b. the individual is voluntarily producing the symptoms without any obvious financial or other external
incentives
c. the individual is not in control of the symptoms but there is no physical explanation
d. the symptoms are caused by a yet-to-be-identified virus
26. The different identities or personalities in dissociative identity disorder are called ______, whereas the change
from one personality to another is called a ______.
a. masks; transition
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b. faces; switch
c. faades; transition
d. alters; switch
27. What is the general agreement among mental health professionals about the relationship between
bereavement and depression?
a. Bereavement is less severe than depression in all cases.
b. Depression can lead to bereavement in many cases.
c. Bereavement can lead to depression in many cases.
d. Symptoms of bereavement and depression rarely overlap.
28. Which theory suggests that depression occurs when individuals believe that they have no control over the
circumstances in their lives?
a. attribution theory
b. learned helplessness
c. social learning theory
d. theory of equifinality
29. Research on bulimia nervosa suggests that it most often co-occurs with:
a. anxiety disorders
b. mood disorders
c. psychotic disorders
d. substance use disorders
30. The primary difference between sleep terrors and nightmares is:
a. sleep terrors usually begin with a scream and stiffening of arms and legs
b. children do not remember nightmares
c. sleep terrors occur during NREM sleep, thus, less likely to be remembered
d. sleep terrors are more prevalent in the population
39. The most common form of treatment for gender identity disorder is:
a. exposure therapy
b. antidepressant medication
c. cognitivebehavioral therapy
d. sexual reassignment surgery
Sex reassignment surgery (initialized as SRS; also known as gender reassignment
surgery (GRS), genital reconstruction surgery, sex affirmation surgery, gender confirmation
surgery, sex realignment surgery, or, colloquially, a sex change) is the surgical procedure (or
procedures) by which a transgender person's physical appearance and function of their existing sexual
haracteristics are altered to resemble that of their identified sex. It is part of a treatment for gender
dysphoria in transgender people. It may also be performed on intersex people, often in infancy and
without their consent. A 2013 statement by the United Nations condemns the nonconsensual
treatment of "normalization" surgery to treat intersexuality.

40. A disorder in which an inappropriate, inanimate object is the source of sexual arousal is known as a:
a. parapathology
b. paranormality
c. paraphilia
d. paraphasia
41. ______ is the need for greater amounts of a drug to experience the same effect, whereas ______ is the
negative physical response that occurs when a drug is not taken.
a. Tolerance; withdrawal
b. Delirium; withdrawal
c. Dependence; tolerance
d. Accommodation; abuse
42. Research shows that the way individuals think about a drug influences the way they act when using the drug.
This phenomenon is known as the:
a. tolerance paradigm
b. expectancy effect
c. dependency model
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d. opponent-process theory
43. Some personality disorders are diagnosed more frequently in men than in women. One explanation for this
difference is as follows:
a. Symptoms are interpreted by clinicians in different ways depending on the gender of the person with
the symptoms.
b. Men are more likely to seek help from mental health professionals than women.
c. Most clinicians are men, and they tend to see psychopathology more often in patients of the same gender as
themselves.
d. Because of hormonal differences, women are more likely to have acute disorders and men are more likely to
have chronic personality disorders.
44. Which symptom is characteristic of persons with borderline personality disorder?
a. impulsivity
b. aloofness
c. mania
d. grandiosity
45. Emotional and social withdrawal, apathy, and poverty of speech and thought are examples of what type of
symptoms in schizophrenia?
a. psychotic
b. negative
c. disorganized
d. positive
46. According to the DSM-5, the two symptoms that are characteristic of ADHD are:
a. inattention and hyperactivity
b. echolalia and impulsivity
c. hallucinations and delusions
d. obsessions and compulsions
47. Behavioral techniques are often used to address communication problems that occur with autism. ______
involves rewarding the child for progressive approximations of speech, and ______ involves rewarding the
child for making sounds that the teacher requests.
a. Shaping; discrimination training
b. Modeling; syntax training
c. Imitating; expression training
d. Processing; academic training
48. ______ is a form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra 21st chromosome.
a. Down syndrome
b. Fragile X syndrome
c. PKU syndrome
d. Fetal alcohol syndrome
49. The prevalence of a psychological disorder refers to
a. number of people in the population that have this
b. number of cases in a given time period
c. types of disorder connect with assessment and treatment
d. pattern of occurrence of the disorder
50. Albert is experiencing a panic attack. Which is Albert least likely experiencing?
a. Labored breathing
b. Palpitations
c. Nausea
d. inability to cry
51. Which is the correct order of the sexual response cycle?
a. desireexcitementorgasmresolution
b. orgasmexcitementdesireresolution
c. excitementorgasmresolutiondesire
d. excitementdesireorgasmresolution
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52. The principle of ______ reminds us that we must consider the various paths to a particular outcome, not just
the result
a. social effects
b. unique determinism
c. personalization
d. equifinality
Equifinality refers to the concept that similar outcomes may stem from different early experiences.
The principle of Equifinality states that in any closed System the final state is determined by the
initial conditions, in Psychology, it refers to how different early experiences in life (examples, parental
divorce, physical abuse, parentalsubstance abuse) can lead to similar outcomes (e.g.,
childhood depression). In other words, there are many different early experiences that can lead to the
same psychological disorder.

53. The therapist of Marty has been cancelling appointments at the last minute for several times already. Marty
feels that he needs to transfer therapist but the therapist mentioned that it is not good to transfer to different
professionals. Which of the following ethical principle is the therapist committing?
a. Duty to warn client
b. Multiple Relationships
c. Duty to provide competent service
d. Duty to Report abuse
54. Miguel as a client is being treated for Borderline Personality Disorder. He expressed that he will kill his
girlfriend who broke up with him and his plan seems concrete. His therapist decided to inform the police
about this condition. Which of the following is something that the therapist should break as a responsibility
of mental health professional?
a. Duty to provide competent and appropriate treatment
b. Duty to report the abuse
c. Confidentiality
d. Duty to warn
54. If a mentally ill patient who had a violent episode refuses to be hospitalized because he is a danger to others,
what should the authorities do?
a. Take him for a temporary custody even against his will
b. Call in his relatives to handle him
c. Do not do anything because he has a right to refuse treatment
d. Take him for a temporary custody because he has unsafe behaviors
55. Marissa, an adult with moderate intellectual disability was being accused of embezzling a big amount of
money. Her psychologist as an expert testimony would say that
a. She is rational and able to understand what she is doing
b. She is incompetent to stand on trial due to her lack of understanding and performs poorly in tests.
c. She is not considered dangerous to himself or others.
d. She has symptoms of severe psychopathology.
56. Sociocultural changes over history that may have resulted in more recent generations being at higher risk for
depression than people were born a few generations ago. This otherwise known as _____________.
a. Cohort Effect
b. Domino Effect
c. Bleuler Effect
d. Changing Effect
57. Gary had lost his job and cannot seem to find a new one after 6 months. He became very sad, difficulty in
sleeping, isolated and often drunk beer. His symptoms of depression can be explained through
________________.
a. Social status as cause of depression
b. Viewing things from the past
c. Lack of direction as cause of depression
d. Loss of motivation.

Difficulty in finding a new one, makes him have no sense of direction.

59. The other day, Carla was wearing a long gown at an event for a funeral. According to her, this is the new
fashion statement of the season. Carla has been known to wear outrageous dresses and likes the attention
it gets. According to the Criteria of Abnormality, which describes Carlas behavior?l
a. Dysfunction
b. Distress
c. Dangerousness
d. Deviance
60. Behaviors that deviate from the norm is
a. Most of the time considered a disorder if they violate a social norm
b. Appears to be a disorder whatever their culture
c. Normally seen as a disorder when they impair function
d. Never judged dependent on the person who does them
61. Megan, who had recurrent headaches, fatigue, and loss of appetite, received different diagnoses from several
psychologists. In terms of assessment, this indicates a problem with _______.
a. reliability
b. subjectivity
c. validity
d.Standardization
62. The following medical conditions below might also produce symptoms of behavioral disorders or symptoms
that mimic psychological disorders.
a. Hyperthyroidism
b. Cocaine withdrawal
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
63. Four-year-old Roberto is very aggressive toward his peers, which results in poor peer relationships. A
psychologist has been asked to assess Robertos aggressiveness and determine if he needs intervention.
The psychologist would probably do what type of assessment?
a. General
b. Projective
c. Cognitive
d. Behavioral
64. The reactivity phenomenon of self-monitoring procedures has been shown to
a. increase desired behaviors
b. decrease undesired behaviors.
c. both increase desired behaviors and decrease undesired behaviors.
d. neither increase desired behaviors nor decrease undesired behaviors.
65. An effective treatment for SAD is
a. exposure to bright light shortly after awakening.
b. exposure to bright light in the evening.
c. exposure to a negative ion generator shortly after awakening.
d. exposure to a negative ion generator in the evening.
66. Although grieving is considered a normal process, it does sometimes become a psychological disorder. Which
of the following cases would NOT be diagnosed as a pathological grief reaction?
a. Mr. A experienced a death in his family. In addition to symptoms of depression, he has been having auditory
hallucinations in which he hears other deceased people talking to him.
b. Miss B. has experienced the death of a close friend. She is so depressed that she has no appetite, no energy,
and is suicidal.
c. Mrs. C's dog recently died. Three weeks later, her friends suggest that she get another dog "to help her
get over the loss." Mrs. C. refuses and says she just isn't ready to get another dog and besides, it
would be impossible to replace her beloved "Toto."
d. Dr. D's wife died a few months ago. Recently, in addition to his depressive symptoms, he has been having
paranoid delusions in which he believes that certain unnamed individuals are planning to remove his wife's
body from the grave.
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67. Andy is currently completing a chemical formula that he knows will cure cancer. Shortly before, he had
submitted a book to a publisher and was sure that it would become a bestseller. For several weeks prior to
this, he was bedridden, morose, had no energy, and lacked any spontaneity. He never left his bed and had
to be cared for by his family. Andy's diagnosis is ________________.
a. major depressive disorder
b. cylothymic disorder
c. dysthymic disorder
d. bipolar II
68. Morning light is thought to help with seasonal affective disorder because it
a. produces phase advances of the melatonin rhythm.
b. reverses melatonin release.
c. increases the amount of melatonin released.
d. eliminates melatonin release.
69. At various times, Cynthia, a 20-year-old college student, has been considered by her family and/or friends to
be moody, high-strung, explosive, or hyperactive. Knowing the criteria for mood disorders, you would
diagnose Cynthia with ___________.
a. major depressive disorder
b. cylothymic disorder
c. dysthymic disorder
d. bipolar II
70. Current research into neurotransmitter systems has produced the "permissive" hypothesis, which states that
a. low levels of serotonin are sufficient to explain the etiology of mood disorders.
b. the norepinephrine system regulates serotonin levels; if norepinephrine is low, depression will occur.
c. when serotonin levels are low, other neurotransmitter systems become dysregulated and contribute to
mood irregularities.
d. the absolute levels of neurotransmitters are more significant in mood regulation than the overall balance of the
various neurotransmitters.
According to this "permissive hypothesis", depression arises when low serotonin levels promote low levels
of norepinephrine, another monoamine neurotransmitter.[37] Some antidepressants enhance the
levels of norepinephrine directly, whereas others raise the levels of dopamine, a third monoamine
neurotransmitter.

71. A friend of yours tells you that he thinks he is mildly depressed, but he's not sure. Knowing that you are
studying abnormal psychology, he asks if there is any kind of laboratory test that could determine whether
or not someone is depressed. You respond correctly with one of the following statements:
a. Currently there is no way of diagnosing depression with a laboratory test.
b. The dexamethasone suppression test is a biological test for depression.
c. The dexamethasone suppression test can only be used to diagnose severe cases of depression.
d. Cortisol levels are decreased in depression; he could have his cortisol levels checked by a blood test.
72. In regard to most disorders, serotonin is thought to
a. decrease levels of norepinephrine
b. regulate norepinephrine and dopamine.
c. be unrelated to symptoms
d. none of the above
73. Using the word psychosomatic to describe a disorder with an obvious physical component is considered
misleading because
a. it gives the impression that psychological disorders like anxiety or depression do not have a biological
component.
b. it assumes that the physical aspects of a disorder are less important than the psychological aspects.
c. it emphasizes the psychological symptoms of a disorder instead of the physical symptoms.
d. it gives the impression that biological disorders are not influenced by psychological factors.
74. In which of the following ways do psychological and social factors influence health?
a. They can affect basic biological processes resulting in illness and disease.
b. Unhealthy lifestyles can increase the risk of developing physical disorders.
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c. Both of these
d. Neither of these
75. The physiological response of an individual to a stressor is called __________________.
a. adaptation
b. fight-or-flight reaction
c. stress
d. syndrome
76. Research has shown that excessive secretion of the stress hormone cortisol can result in cell death in the
hippocampal region of the brain in cases of ____________________.
a. substance abuse
b. mania
c. posttraumatic stress disorder
d. illness anxiety disorder
77. The largest difference in sexual behavior for men versus women is that
a. men are more likely to engage in premarital sex.
b. women are more likely to engage in premarital sex.
c. men are more likely to masturbate.
d. women are more likely to masturbate.
78. Which of the following is TRUE regarding sexuality?
a. Women desire demonstrations of love and intimacy during sex, while men focus on arousal.
b. Men and women focus mostly on sexual arousal during sex.
c. Men tend to be aroused by both males and female sexual stimuli, while women respond only to male sexual
stimuli.
d. Men and women focus equally on the romantic aspects of their sexual experiences.
79. Substance intoxication includes all of the following EXCEPT
a. the specific drug that is used.
b. how much of a drug is used or ingested.
c. the drug user's individual biological reaction.
d. physiological dependence on the drug.
The latter reflect physical dependence in which the body adapts to the drug, requiring more of it to achieve a
certain effect (tolerance) and eliciting drug-specific physical or mental symptoms if drug use is
abruptly ceased (withdrawal). Physical dependence can happen with the chronic use of many drugs
including many prescription drugs, even if taken as instructed. Thus, physical dependence in and of
itself does not constitute addiction, but it often accompanies addiction. This distinction can be difficult
to discern, particularly with prescribed pain medications, for which the need for increasing dosages can
represent tolerance or a worsening underlying problem, as opposed to the beginning of abuse or addiction.
80. A person who is physiologically dependent on a drug will experience
a. tolerance to the effects of the drug.
b. withdrawal symptoms if the drug is withdrawn.
c. both tolerance and withdrawal.
d. neither tolerance nor withdrawal.
81. A perspective of substance dependence that involves "drug-seeking behaviors" includes all of the following
EXCEPT
a. repeated use of the drug.
b. a desperate need to ingest more of the drug.
c. engaging in activities that would acquire drugs
d. resuming drug use after a period of abstinence
82. Blackouts appear to be related to the interaction of alcohol with the ______system.
a. glutamate
b. serotonin
c. GABA
d. dopamine

AlcoholInduced Blackouts
Blackouts represent episodes of amnesia, during which subjects are capable of participating even in salient,
emotionally charged eventsas well as more mundane eventsthat they later cannot remember (Goodwin 1995).
Like milder alcoholinduced memory impairments, these periods of amnesia are primarily anterograde, meaning
that alcohol impairs the ability to form new memories while the person is intoxicated, but does not typically erase
memories formed before intoxication. Formal research into the nature of alcoholinduced blackouts began in the
1940s with the work of E.M. Jellinek (1946). Jellineks initial characterization of blackouts was based on data
collected from a survey of Alcoholics Anonymous members. Noting that recovering alcoholics frequently reported
having experienced alcoholinduced amnesia while they were drinking, Jellinek concluded that the occurrence of
blackouts is a powerful indicator of alcoholism. [http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh27-2/186-196.htm]

83. What explains the apparent stimulation, feeling of well-being, and outgoing behavior that occur as the initial
effects of alcohol ingestion?
a. Depression of the inhibitory centers in the brain
b. Activation of the inhibitory centers in the brain
c. Depression of the autonomic nervous system
d. Stimulation of the autonomic nervous system
84. All of the following are symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol EXCEPT ___________.
a. nausea and/or vomiting
b. hypersomnia
c. hallucinations
d. delirium tremens
Delirum tremens - Delirium tremens is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal that involves sudden and severe
mental or nervous system changes. can occur when you stop drinking alcohol after a period of heavy
drinking, especially if you do not eat enough food. Delirium tremens may also be caused by head injury,
infection, or illness in people with a history of heavy alcohol use.
85. The characteristic features of personality disorders tend to develop with __________
a. rapid onset in late adolescence.
b. gradual onset in adulthood.
c. rapid onset in adulthood.
d. onset in childhood that is difficult to pinpoint.
86. Some have proposed that the personality disorders be replaced or supplemented by a dimensional model in
which individuals would be rated on a series of personality dimensions as well as a categorical diagnosis. It
is believed that this would have advantages over a purely categorical system. Which of the following would
be such an advantage?
a. It would retain more information about each individual.
b. It would be more flexible.
c. It would avoid arbitrary decisions involved in assignment to a diagnostic category.
d. All of these
87. The five-factor model of personality includes all of the following as personality dimensions EXCEPT
______________.
a. extroversion
b. conscientiousness
c. expressiveness
d. emotional stability
Five factor traits by Costa and McCrae are Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion,
Neuroticism (Emotional Stability)-- http://www.personalityresearch.org/bigfive.html
88. Gender differences observed in the prevalence of many personality disorders (i.e., borderline for women,
antisocial for men) may be due to
a. tolerance of behavior in a culture.
b. differences in help-seeking behavior.
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c. gender bias on the part of the diagnosing clinician.

d. all of the above
89. You are waiting to board a plane when you hear that the flight has been delayed due to a passing
thunderstorm. The man sitting next to you says, "Passing thunder storm, sure! That's Jim again; he's been
doing everything to make me miss this meeting because he's trying to get me fired!" Of the following, this
statement would be most consistent with ____________ personality disorder.
a. avoidant
b. histrionic
c. borderline
d. paranoid
90. Theo is quite a loner. He walks to class by himself, does not talk to anyone, and appears indifferent to other
people. It is clear that Theo neither desires nor enjoys closeness with others. He does not act in any
obviously unusual ways, nor does he appear to possess strange beliefs about the world. Of the following
personality disorders, Theo appears to be __________.
a. avoidant
b. anti-social
c. schizoid
d. schizotypal
Schizoid personality disorder- is a pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range
of emotional expression.
Schizotypal personality disorder-is a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or
perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior.
91. Patients diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder are usually
a. motivated to begin therapy and generally make progress quickly.
b. motivated to begin therapy but generally make little progress.
c. not motivated to begin therapy and effectiveness is not yet determined.
d. not motivated to begin therapy but generally make progress quickly while in therapy.
92. Psychological disorders are considered developmental disorders when there is a
a. change in symptoms over the lifespan.
b. genetic component to the disorder.
c. significant dysfunction during childhood
d. general decline in functioning over time
93. The major reason that developmental disorders are considered to be so serious in terms of their capacity to
disrupt later functioning is
a. the fact that medications used in children can have long-term effects.
b. the impact that they have on family functioning.
c. that the purely biological nature of developmental disorders leads to subsequent developmental failures.
d. that failure to develop at one level is thought to inhibit later stages of development.
94. A learning disorder is defined as ____________
a. achievement in reading, writing, or math below the level predicted by the individual's age, IQ, and
education.
b. achievement in any academic subject below the level predicted by the individual's age, IQ, and education.
c. substandard IQ score in comparison to the individual's family and educational background.
d. the existence of a neurological deficit that interferes with the individual's ability to assimilate new information.
95. Ken is a 12-year-old boy of average intelligence as indicated by his IQ scores. He loves school and works hard
on his homework. Ken has earned straight As in every subject except math, where he has been achieving
grades in the C range. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Ken does not appear to have a learning disorder because his achievement is consistent with
expectations based on his intelligence.
b. Ken appears to have a math disorder because his math grade is so far below his other grades.
c. Ken appears to have a math disorder because there is a discrepancy between his intelligence and his
achievement in many subjects
d. Ken does not appear to have a learning disorder because he has shown that he can achieve when he wants to.
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96. Given the available intervention strategies for learning disorders, the method that probably has the best
chance of actually removing the learning disorder is
a. development of better study skills.
b. efforts to develop compensating cognitive skills.
c. systematic instruction and teaching for mastery
d. improving overall intelligence.
97. Delirium, dementia, and amnestic disorders typically develop ____________.
a. from complications of birth.
b. as part of the normal aging process.
c. in late adulthood.
d. as temporary conditions.
98. The cause of most cognitive disorders is ______________.
a. the normal process of aging
b. brain dysfunction
c. alcohol/substances
d. medication side effects
99. Mr. Smith (age 72) is brought to the hospital emergency room. His son explains that his father woke up this
morning and was "not himself." Mr. Smith appears confused, agitated, and a bit frightened. He does not
know his own name and cannot recognize his son. Mr. Smith's son reports that his father had been
completely fine with no symptoms prior to that morning. Mr. Smith appears to be suffering from
______________.
a. dementia
b. Alzheimer's
c. delirium
d. amnestic disorder
A. A disturbance in attention (i.e., reduced ability to direct, focus, sustain, and shift attention) and awareness
(reduced orientation to the environment). The disturbance develops over a short period of time (usually
hours to a few days), represents a change from baseline attention and awareness, and tends to fluctuate in
severity during the course of a day.
B. An additional disturbance in cognition (e.g., memory deficit, disorientation, language, visuospatial ability, or
perception).
100. Typical psychosocial intervention for a patient with delirium includes
a. restraining the patient to prevent self-harm.
b. placing the person in a new environment.
c. reassurance and surrounding with familiar belongings.
d. excluding the patient from any medical decision to avoid increased anxiety.

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