The document discusses information systems and their importance in business. It defines an information system as using technology to collect, store, and process data into useful information to support decision making, problem solving, and business processes. It identifies three dimensions of information systems - organizational, managerial, and technological. Information systems allow businesses to gain operational efficiency, create new products and services, improve customer relationships, enhance decision making, and achieve competitive advantage. The document also provides examples of how Toyota uses information systems to improve order processing, production planning, and customer service.
The document discusses information systems and their importance in business. It defines an information system as using technology to collect, store, and process data into useful information to support decision making, problem solving, and business processes. It identifies three dimensions of information systems - organizational, managerial, and technological. Information systems allow businesses to gain operational efficiency, create new products and services, improve customer relationships, enhance decision making, and achieve competitive advantage. The document also provides examples of how Toyota uses information systems to improve order processing, production planning, and customer service.
The document discusses information systems and their importance in business. It defines an information system as using technology to collect, store, and process data into useful information to support decision making, problem solving, and business processes. It identifies three dimensions of information systems - organizational, managerial, and technological. Information systems allow businesses to gain operational efficiency, create new products and services, improve customer relationships, enhance decision making, and achieve competitive advantage. The document also provides examples of how Toyota uses information systems to improve order processing, production planning, and customer service.
The document discusses information systems and their importance in business. It defines an information system as using technology to collect, store, and process data into useful information to support decision making, problem solving, and business processes. It identifies three dimensions of information systems - organizational, managerial, and technological. Information systems allow businesses to gain operational efficiency, create new products and services, improve customer relationships, enhance decision making, and achieve competitive advantage. The document also provides examples of how Toyota uses information systems to improve order processing, production planning, and customer service.
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Information Systems
Information Systems in Organizations
Explain why information systems are so essential in business today.
Define an information system from both a technical and a business
perspective.
Identify and describe the three dimensions of information systems
Assess the complementary assets required for information technology to
provide value to a business.
Identify and describe contemporary approaches to the study of information
systems and distinguish between computer literacy and information systems literacy.
Smart Systems and Smart Ways of Working Help Toyota Become
Number One
Problem: Tough competition and demanding customers.
Solutions: Redesigned order and production processes reduce costs, increase
revenue, and improve customer service.
Oracle E-Business Suite makes it possible to build cars to order and forecast demand and production requirements more accurately.
Demonstrates ITs role in analyzing market trends and monitoring quality,
efficiency, and costs.
Illustrates the emerging digital firm landscape where businesses can use tools to analyze critical data.
DEFINITION TERMS 1.) Data 2.) Information 3.) Information System
Data vs. Information
Data
A given, or fact; a number, a statement, or a picture
Represents something in the real world
The raw materials in the production of information
Information
Data that have meaning within a context
Data in relationships
Data after manipulation
What Is a System?
System: A set of components that work together to achieve a common
goal
Subsystem: One part of a system where the products of more than one system are combined to reach an ultimate goal
Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no contact with other
systems
Open system: System that interfaces with other systems
The Role of Information Systems in Organizations Today
How information systems are transforming business
Globalization opportunities
The emerging digital firm
Strategic business objectives of information systems
Operational excellence
New products, services, and business models
Customer and supplier intimacy
Improved decision making
Competitive advantage
Survival
WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?
globalization
Management and control in a global marketplace
Competition in world markets
Global workgroups
Global delivery systems
Emergence of the Digital Firm
Digitally enabled relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees
Core business processes accomplished using digital networks
Digital management of key corporate assets
Why Do People Need Information?
Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment
Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and control
The Benefits of Human-Computer Synergy
Synergy
When combined resources produce output that exceeds the sum
of the outputs of the same resources employed separately
Allows human thought to be translated into efficient processing of
large amounts of data
Perspectives on Information Systems
Information Systems Are More Than Computers
Using information systems effectively requires an understanding
of the organization, management, and information technology shaping the systems. An information system creates value for the firm as an organizational and management solution to challenges posed by the environment.
PERSPECTIVES ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Dimensions of Information Systems
Three Important Dimensions of Information Systems
Organizations
Managers
Technology
The Organizational Dimension of Information Systems
People
Structure
Business processes
Culture
Politics
The Management Dimension of Information Systems
Managers are:
Senior managers
Middle managers
Operational managers
Innovators of new processes
Leaders: set agendas
The Technology Dimension of Information Systems
Information technology is one of the tools managers use to cope
with change:
Hardware: Physical equipment
Software: Detailed preprogrammed instructions
Storage: Physical media for storing data and the software
Communications technology: Transfers data from one physical
location to another
Networks: Links computers to share data or resources
(Internet, intranet, extranet)
The Interdependence Between Organizations and Information
Technology
The Interdependence Between Organizations and Information Technology
Continued
There is a growing interdependence between a firms information
systems and its business capabilities. Changes in strategy, rules, and business processes increasingly require changes in hardware, software, databases, and telecommunications. Often, what the organization would like to do depends on what its systems will permit it to do.
Data Manipulation
Example: customer survey
Reading through data collected from a customer survey with
questions in various categories would be time-consuming and not very helpful.
When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful information.
Generating Information
Computer-based ISs take data as raw material, process it, and produce information as output.
Figure 1.1 Input-process-output
Figure 1.2 Characteristics of useful information
What is an information systems?
What is a sub system?
Difference between closed and open systems?
What is the difference between data and information
The perspective of organizations and information systems?
Characteristics of information?
Figure 1.3 Several subsystems make up this corporate acco
Information and Managers
Systems thinking
Creates a framework for problem solving and decision making.
Keeps managers focused on overall goals and operations of
business.
Figure 1.6 Components of an information system
The Four Stages of Data Processing
Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.
Data processing: Data is manipulated into information using
mathematical, statistical, and other tools.
Output: Information is displayed or presented.
Storage: Data and information are maintained for later use.
Information Systems Careers
Knowledge Workers
Managers and non-managers
Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how to use
information technology.
Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional Literacy
Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning (ERP),
database administrator, telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.
Key to full participation in western society
Consumer Privacy
Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge amounts of data on
individuals.
Employee Privacy
IT supports remote monitoring of employees, violating privacy and
creating stress.
Freedom of Speech
IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech, intellectual
property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.
IT Professionalism
No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals--unlike
other professions.
Social Inequality
Less than 20% of the worlds population have ever used a PC; less than 3% have Internet access.
