Problem 9-1

Determine the distance xc to the center of mass of the homogeneous rod bent into the shape
shown. If the rod has a mass per unit length U, determine the reactions at the fixed support O.
Units Used :
m

g  9.81

s
Given:

kg

U  0.5

a  1m
b  1m

Solution:
Length and Moment Arm: The length of differential element is

dx  dy =

dL =

1  dy dx

dx

and its centroid is xc = x. Here,

dy
dx

3 b
2 a

1.5

Performing the integrations we have

L

a
2

1

9 b x
3

dx

1.440 m

4 a

0
a

xc 

1
x
L

1

9 b x
4 a

dx

xc

0.546 m

Equations of Equilibrium:


6 Fx = 0;
o

n6 Fy = 0;
6MO = 0;

Ox = 0

Oy  U g L = 0

O y  U g L

Oy

7.062 N

M0  U g L xc = 0

M0  U g L xc

M0

3.854 N m

Problem 9-2
Determine the location (x c, yc) of the centroid of the wire.
Given:
a  2 ft
b  4 ft
Solution:
Length and Moment Arm: The
length of differential element is
2

dy dx
1
dx

dL =

dx  dy =

dL =

1

2 b x
2
a

Performing the integrations

a

2 b x

L
1
dx
2

9.29 ft

a

xc 

x 1

a

yc 

x
a

a

xc
yc

0.00
ft

1.82

2 b x dx
2
a

1

2 b x dx
2
a

Problem 9-3
Locate the center of mass of the homogeneous rod bent into the shape of a circular arc.
Given:
r  300mm
T  30deg
Solution:
dL = r dT
xc = r cos ( T )
yc = r sin ( T )

T

r cos ( T ) r dT


S
T
xc 

T

r dT

 S  T
2

xc

124 mm

yc = 0

( By symmetry )

Problem 9-5
Determine the distance xc to the center of gravity of the homogeneous rod bent into the parabolic
shape. If the rod has a weight per unit length J determine the reactions at the fixed support O.
Given:
lb

J  0.5

ft

a  1 ft
b  0.5 ft

Solution:

dy
dx

dx  dy =

dL =

1

dy

dx

2. b x
2

L

a
2

2. b x dx
1
2
a

1.148 ft

a
2

1
2. b x dx
xc 
x 1  2

L
a


6 Fx = 0;
o

n6 Fy = 0;
6MO = 0;

xc

0.531 ft

Ox = 0

Oy  J L = 0
MO  J L xc = 0

Oy  J L
MO  J L xc

Oy
MO

0.574 lb
0.305 lb ft

Problem 9-7
Locate the centroid of the parabolic area.
Solution:

a=

h
b

dA = x dy
x
xc =
2
yc = y
h

A=
b

y
h

dy o A =

2
h b
3

3 1
xc =

b
2 h b 2
0

y
h

dy o xc =

3
xc = b
8

yc =
y b
2 h b
0
3

3
yc = h
5

y
h

dy o yc =

3
h
5

3
b
8

Problem 9-8
Locate the centroid (x c, yc) of the shaded area.

Given:
a  2m
b  1m
Solution:

Area and Moment Arm: The area of the differential element is

x 2
dx
dA = ydx = b 1 
a
and its centroid is
y
1
x
yc = = b 1 
2
2
a

Centroid: Due to symmetry

xc = 0

yc 

a

1
2

b1 

a

2
2
x b1  x dx

a a

yc

x 2
dx
b 1 
a

2
m
5

Problem 9-9
Locate the centroid xc of the shaded area.
Solution:
dA = y dx
xc = x
y
yc =
2
b

h 2
x x dx
2

xc =

x
h

dx

b
0

o xc =

3
b
4

3
xc = b
4

yc =

b
2

1 h 2
x
dx
2 2
b

o yc =

3
yc =
h
10

h
b

x dx

3
h
10

Problem 9-10
Locate the centroid xc of the shaded area.

Solution:

Area and Moment Area: The area of the differential element is

2a

dA = y dx = 2k x 

and its centroid is

x1 = x

Centroid: Applying Eq.9-6 and performing the integration,

we have

x2

x 2 k x  2a dx

xc =

x2

x 
2

dx

2a

o xc =

5
a
8

5
xc = a
8

Problem *9-12
Locate the centroid of the shaded area.

Solution:
dA = ydx

xc = x

y
yc =
2

Sx dx o A = 2 L a
A = a sin

S
L
0
L

Sx dx o x = 1 L
xc =
x a sin
c 2

2 L a
L
0
L

2
S 1
S x dx o y = 1 S a
yc =

a sin
c 8
2
2 L a
L
0
S

Problem *9-16
Locate the centroid of the shaded area bounded by the parabola and the line y = a

Solution:
x
xc =
2

dA = x dy
a

A=
0

 2 2

xc =

yc =

2 a
3
2 a

2 a
A=
3

2 a
a y dy o A = a
3

1

2 2
0

yc = y
3

a y dy o xc = a
8

y a y dy o yc =
2
0

3
5 a

3
xc = a
8
5

2
2

4

3
yc = a
5

Problem 9-17
Locate the centroid of the quarter elliptical area.

Solution:

dA = y dx

xc = x

y
yc =
2

x dx
A = b 1 

a
0

A=

S a b
4

4
x dx o x = 4 a
xc =
x b 1 
c
3 S
S a b
a
0
a

4
1
x
dx o y = 4 b
yc =

b 1 
c
3 S
S a b 2
a
0

Problem 9-21
Locate the centroid yc of the shaded area. Solve the problem by evaluating the integrals using
Simpson's rule.
Given:
a  2 ft
1

b

 2 a

Solution:

A
0

1
5

2
3
b  x  2 x dx

yc 

1 1

b 
2
A

2.177

1
5

2
3
2
3
x  2 x b  x  2 x dx
1

ft

yc

2.040

ft

Problem 9-23
Locate the centroid xc of the shaded area.
Solution:
Area and Moment Arm : Here,

y
x2 = a
b

a y

x1 =

The area of the differential element is

2
a y
y

dy
dA =
 a
b
b

and its centroid is

1 a y
y
xc =
 a
2 b
b

Centroid : Applying Eq.9-6 and performing the

integration, we have
b

A=
0

2
a y
1
y
 a dy o A = a b
6
b
b

2
2
2
6 1 a y
y a y
y

dy o xc = a

xc =

 a
 a
5
2 b
a b
b b
b
0
Given:

a  1ft

b  2ft

xc 

2 a
5

xc

0.40 ft

Problem 9-24
Locate the centroid yc of the shaded area.
Solution:
Area and Moment Arm : Here,

y
x2 = a
b

a y

x1 =

The area of the differential element is

2
a y
y

dy
dA =
 a
b
b

and its centroid is

1 a y
y
xc =
 a
2 b
b

Centroid : Applying Eq.9-6 and performing the

integration, we have
b

A=
0

2
a y
1
y
 a dy o A = a b
6
b
b

2
a y
6
y
1

dy o yc = b
yc =
y
 a
2
a b
b
b
0
Given:

a  1ft

b  2ft

yc 

b
2

yc

1.00 ft

Problem 9-27
Locate the centroid xc of the shaded area.

Given :

a  2in

Solution :

y=

b  0.5in

a b
x

xc 

x a b dx

a b

dx
x
b

xc

1.08 in

Area and Moment Arm :The area of the differential element is

dA = y dx =

dx

and its centroid is

xc = x

Centroid :Applying Eq. 9-6 and performing the integration, we have

x dA
c

xc =

1 dA

x a b dx

x dA = b
c
a
a b

dx

x
b

xc

1.08 in

xc 

x a b dx

a b dx

Problem 9-32
Locate the centroid of the ellipsoid of revolution.

Solution :

dV = S z dy

y2
z = a 1 
b2

y
2
2
2

V = Sa 1 
dy o V = b S a
2
b
3

3
y
3
2

yc =
yS a 1 
dy o yc = b
2
2
b
8
2 b a S

0
By symmetry

3 b
yc =
8
xc = zc = 0

Problem 9-33
Locate the center of gravity of the volume. The material is homogeneous.
Given:
a  2m
b  2m
2

y = z

b
a

2 z

y = a

Solution:
b

zc 

2
a z

zS

dz

2
a z

S b dz

zc

1.33 m

xc = yc = 0

by symmetry

Problem 9-36
Locate the centroid of the quarter-cone.

Solution :
r=

a
h

( h  z)

zc = z

xc = yc =

4 r
3 S

2
1
2
S a

V=
( h  z) dz o V =
h S a
12
4 h

0
h

2
12
1
S a

zc =
z ( h  z) dz o zc = h
2
4
4 h

h a S
0

2
4 a
12
1
S a

xc =

( h  z) ( h  z) dz o xc = a
2
S
4 h

h a S 3 S h
0

xc = yc =

a
S

h
zc =
4

Problem 9-39
Locate the centroid yc of the paraboloid.
Given:
a  4m
b  4m
Solution:
2

z = y

a
b

z = b

2 y

dV = S z dy = S b

and its centroid

yc = y

yc 

y S b2 y dy

S b2 y dy

a
0

yc

2.67 m

Problem 9-41
Locate the centroid zc of the frustum of the
right-circular cone.

Solution :
Volume and Moment Arm : From the geometry,
yr
Rr
y=

hz
h

( r  R) z  R h
h

The volume of thin disk differential element is

2

( r  R) z  R h dz
dV = S y dz = S

2
( r  R) z  R h

dz
z S
h

zc =

( r  R) z  R h dz
S

o zc =

2 2

Sh r 
1
3

h r

1
6

S h r R 

S
rR

1
3

12

R h

Sh R
S

rR

This can be simplified to give

zc =

R  2 r R  3 r

4 R  r R  r

dV =

2 2

( r  R) z  2 R h ( r  R) z  R h dz
2

and its centroid

z' = z
Centroid :Applying Eq. 9-5 and performing the integration,we have
h

z' dV

z' = V
=

1 dV

S
z' =

S
2 2
2 2

( r  R) z  2 R h ( r  R) z  R h dz
2
h
0

z4

( r  R)

S
h

S
z ( r  R) 2 z2  2 R h ( r  R) z  r2 h2 dz

z3

( r  R)

z3

 2 R h ( r  R)

z2

 2 R h ( r  R)

z2

 R h

 R h ( z)
2

z' =

R  3 r  2 r R

2
2
4  R  r  r R

Problem 9-44
Locate the center of gravity G of the five particles with respect to the origin O.
g  9.81
Given:

m
2

a  2m

m1  1kg

b  1m

m2  10kg

c  1m

m3  2kg

d  3m

m4  5kg

e  2m

m5  6kg
Solution:

xc =

xc 

xc

6xc W
6W
m1 g ( a  b  c)  m2 g ( b  c)  m3 g c  m4 g d  m5 g ( d  e )

m1  m2  m3  m4  m5 g

0.792 m

Problem 9-46
Locate the centroid (xc,yc) of the uniform wire bent in the shape shown.
Given :
a  100mm
b  150mm
c  50mm
d  20mm

Solution :

a
xc 

a
2

 c

 ( b  d) c  ( a  c) c 

a  c
2

a  b  c  ( b  d)  ( a  c)

a b  b
yc 

b
2

 ( b  d)

bd
2

xc

34.38 mm

yc

85.83 mm

 ( a  c) ( b  d)

a  b  c  ( b  d)  ( a  c)

Problem 9-57
Determine the location yc of the centroidal axis xcxc of the beam's cross-sectional area. Neglect the
size of the corner welds at A and B for the calculation.
Given :
r  50mm
t  15mm
a  150mm
b  15mm
c  150mm

Solution :
b c
yc 

b
2

 a t b 

a
2

 S r ( b  a  r)
2

b c  a t  S r

yc

154.44 mm

Problem 9-58
Determine the location (xc,yc) of the centroid C of the area.
Given :
a  6in
b  6in
c  3in
d  6in

Solution :

a b
xc 

a b
yc 

b
2

a
2

2
( b  c) d ( b  c)
2
3 2
3
1
1
a b  c a  ( b  c) d
2
2

1
2

a b 

a c b 

a c
1
2

a
3

c a 


1
2

1
2

( b  c) d

( b  c) d

xc

4.62 in

yc

1.00 in

d
3

Problem 9-62
Determine the location xc of the centroid C of the shaded area which is part of a circle having a
radius r.

Solution :
1 2 2 r
1

2
6xcA = r D
sin ( D )  r sin ( D ) r cos ( D ) r cos ( D )
2
3

3 D
2
3

r
r
r
2
3
6xcA =
sin ( D )  sin ( D ) cos ( D ) =
sin ( D )
3
3
3
6A =

xc =

1 2
1
1 2
sin ( 2 D )
r D  r sin ( D ) r cos ( D ) = r D 
2
2
2
2

6xcA
6A
3

r
xc =

sin ( D )

1 2
sin ( 2 D )
r D 
2
2

r sin ( D )

D

sin ( 2 D )
2

Problem 9-69
Determine the distance h to which a hole of diameter d must be bored into the base of the cone so
that the center of mass of the resulting shape is located at zc. The material has a density U.
Given:
d  100mm
zc  115mm
U 8

mg
m

a  150mm
b  500mm

Solutions:
1
zc =

S a b

b
4

d h h
2
2

 S

d h
Sa b  S
3
2
1

Choosing the positive root,

h

1
2 2
2
2 2
zc d  9 zc d  24 zc a b  6 a b
3
d
323 mm

Problem 9-71
The sheet metal part has the dimensions shown. Determine the location (xc, yc, zc) of
its centroid.
Given:
a  3in
b  4in
c  6in

Solution:

a b
xc 

a b 

a b
yc 

a c

a b 

1
zc 

a c

a b 

1
2

a c

2
1
2

a c

xc

1.14 in

yc

1.71 in

zc

0.857 in

2 a
3

c
3

a c

Problem 9-76
Locate the center of gravity of the two-block assembly. The specific weights of the materials A
and B are JA and JB, respectively.
Given:
lb

J A  150

ft

lb

J B  400

ft
a  2in
b  6in
c  2in
d  6in
e  6in
Solution
WA  J A

xc 

yc 

zc 

WB

a b d
2

b
 WA c 
2
3
c

WB  WA
WB

a
 WA
2
2

xc

1.47 in

yc

2.68 in

zc

2.84 in

WB  WA
WB

WB  J B c d e

d
 WA
3
2
d

WB  WA

Problem 9-79
Locate the centroid zc of the top made from a hemisphere and a cone.
Given:
r  24mm
h  120mm

Solution:
S
zc 

r h

3 h
4

2
3

S r h 

2
S 2
3
r h  Sr
3
3

3 r
8

zc

101.14 mm

Problem 9-83
The assembly consists of a wooden dowel rod of length L and a tight-fitting steel collar. Determine
the distance xc to its center of gravity if the specific weights of the materials are Jw and Jst.The radii
of the dowel and collar are shown.
Given:
L  20in
J w  150

lb
3

ft
J st  490

lb
3

ft
a  5in
b  5in
r1  1in
r2  2in
Solution:

xc 

J w S r1 L

2
2
b
 J st S r2  r1 b a 

2
2

2
2
J w S r1 L  J stS r2  r1 b

xc

8.22 in

Problem 9-85
The anchor ring is made of steel having specific weight Jst. Determine the surface area of the ring.
The cross section is circular as shown.
Given
J st  490

lb
3

ft
a  4in
b  8in

Solution:

a  b  a 2 S b  a
4
4
2

A  2 S

118 in

Problem 9-101
A V-belt has as inner radius r and a cross-sectional area as shown. Determine the
volume of material used in making the V-belt.
Given :
r  6in
a  0.25in
b  0.5in
T  30deg

Solution :
Volume : Applying the theorem of
Pappus and Guldinus, Eq.9-12

T
2

h  a cot

V  2 S b h r 

h
2

 2

a h

r 

2 h

28.66 in

Problem 9-102
The full circular aluminum housing is used in an automotive brake system. The cross section is
shown in the figure. Determine its weight if aluminum has a specific weight J.
Given :
J  169

lb
3

ft

a  2.00in
b  0.25in

d  4.00in
e  3.25in
f  0.25in

c  0.15in
Solution :
Volume : Applying the theorem of Pappus
and Guldinus, Eq.9-12, with
r

a
b
2

V  2 S ( r  c) f

W  JV

rc
c  b ( d  e  f) r  b
 c e r 

2
2
2

0.377 lb

3.85 in

Problem 9-124
A circular V-belt has an inner radius r and a cross-sectional area as shown. Determine the volume
of material required to make the belt.
Given
r  600mm
a  25mm
b  50mm
c  75mm
Solution

c 2 1 a c  r  c b c
V  2 S r 

3 2
2

22.4 u 10

3

Sample Problem 5/1

Centroid of a circular arc.

Locate the centroid of a circular arc as shown in

the gure.

Solution. Choosing the axis of symmetry as the x-axis makes y 0. A differential element of arc has the length dL r d expressed in polar coordinates,
and the x-coordinate of the element is r cos .
Applying the rst of Eqs. 5/4 and substituting L 2r give
[Lx

x dL]

(2r)x

(r cos ) r d

r cos
d

2rx 2r2 sin

r sin
Ans.

For a semicircular arc 2 , which gives x 2r/. By symmetry we see

immediately that this result also applies to the quarter-circular arc when the
measurement is made as shown.
x

r d

Helpful Hint

It should be perfectly evident that polar coordinates are preferable to rectan-

gular coordinates to express the length of a circular arc.

C
2r/
r

Sample Problem 5/2

Determine the distance h from the base of a

triangle of altitude h to the centroid of its area.

Centroid of a triangular area.

dy
h

Solution.

The x-axis is taken to coincide with the base. A differential strip of

area dA x dy is chosen. By similar triangles x/(h y) b/h. Applying the sec-

ond of Eqs. 5/5a gives

[Ay
and

y dA]
c

bh
y
2

b
h

b(h y)
bh2
dy
6
h
y

h
3

Helpful Hint
Ans.

This same result holds with respect to either of the other two sides of the
triangle considered a new base with corresponding new altitude. Thus, the centroid lies at the intersection of the medians, since the distance of this point from
any side is one-third the altitude of the triangle with that side considered the
base.

We save one integration here by

using the rst-order element of area.
Recognize that dA must be expressed
in terms of the integration variable
y; hence, x ( y) is required.

Sample Problem 5/3

Centroid of the area of a circular sector.

Locate the centroid of the area

of a circular sector with respect to its vertex.

Solution I. The x-axis is chosen as the axis of symmetry, and y is therefore

automatically zero. We may cover the area by moving an element in the form of
a partial circular ring, as shown in the gure, from the center to the outer periphery. The radius of the ring is r0 and its thickness is dr0, so that its area is
dA 2r0 dr0.
The x-coordinate to the centroid of the element from Sample Problem 5/1 is
xc r0 sin /, where r0 replaces r in the formula. Thus, the rst of Eqs. 5/5a
gives
[Ax

x dA]
c

2
(r2)x
2

y
r

r0 sin
xc =

2 r sin
3

dr0

r0

r0 sin
(2r0 dr0)

r2x 3r 3 sin
x

Ans.

Solution I

Helpful Hints

Solution II.

The area may also be covered by swinging a triangle of differential

area about the vertex and through the total angle of the sector. This triangle,
shown in the illustration, has an area dA (r/2)(r d), where higher-order terms
are neglected. From Sample Problem 5/2 the centroid of the triangular element
of area is two-thirds of its altitude from its vertex, so that the x-coordinate to the
centroid of the element is xc 32 r cos . Applying the rst of Eqs. 5/5a gives

[Ax

x dA]
c

(r2)x

(23 r cos )(12 r2 d)

2 r sin
3

guish between the variable r0 and

the constant r.
Be careful not to use r0 as the centroidal coordinate for the element.

y
xc = 2
r cos
3

r2x 23r3 sin

and as before

Note carefully that we must distin-

Ans.

For a semicircular area 2 , which gives x 4r/3. By symmetry we see

immediately that this result also applies to the quarter-circular area where the
measurement is made as shown.
It should be noted that, if we had chosen a second-order element r0 dr0 d,
one integration with respect to would yield the ring with which Solution I
began. On the other hand, integration with respect to r0 initially would give the
triangular element with which Solution II began.

Solution II

4r/3
C
C
r

Sample Problem 5/4

y
x = ky3

Locate the centroid of the area under the curve x ky3 from x 0 to x a.

A vertical element of area dA y dx is chosen as shown in the gure. The x-coordinate of the centroid is found from the rst of Eqs. 5/5a. Thus,

[Ax

x dA]

y dx

xy dx

3a2b
3ab
x
7
4

x 7a

y
b

Ans.

x = ky3

In the solution for y from the second of Eqs. 5/5a, the coordinate to the
centroid of the rectangular element is yc y/2, where y is the height of the strip
governed by the equation of the curve x ky3. Thus, the moment principle becomes

y dA]

3ab
y
4

Substituting y (x/k)1/3 and k a/b3 and integrating give

[Ay

Solution I.

y
y
yc =
2

2y y dx
a

dx

Substituting y b(x/a)1/3 and integrating give

3ab2
3ab
y
4
10

y 52 b

Ans.
y

Solution II.

The horizontal element of area shown in the lower gure may be

employed in place of the vertical element. The x-coordinate to the centroid of the
1
rectangular element is seen to be xc x 2(a x) (a x)/2, which is simply
the average of the coordinates a and x of the ends of the strip. Hence,
[Ax

x dA]
c

(a x) dy

a 2 x(a x) dy

a+x
xc =
2
x = ky3
dy

ax

The value of y is found from

[Ay

y dA]
c

(a x) dy

y(a x) dy

where yc y for the horizontal strip. The evaluation of these integrals will check
the previous results for x and y.

Helpful Hint

Note that xc x for the vertical

element.

Sample Problem 5/5

Hemispherical volume.

Locate the centroid of the volume of a hemisphere

of radius r with respect to its base.

Solution I. With the axes chosen as shown in the gure, x z 0 by symmetry. The most convenient element is a circular slice of thickness dy parallel to
the x-z plane. Since the hemisphere intersects the y-z plane in the circle y2 z2
r2, the radius of the circular slice is z r2 y2. The volume of the elemental
slice becomes

y2 + z2 = r2

dV (r2 y2) dy

y
r

The second of Eqs. 5/6a requires

[V y

y dV]
c

(r2 y2) dy

dy

where yc y. Integrating gives

Solution I
3
y 8r

2 3
r y 14r4
3

Ans.
z

Solution II.

Alternatively we may use for our differential element a cylindrical

shell of length y, radius z, and thickness dz, as shown in the lower gure. By expanding the radius of the shell from zero to r, we cover the entire volume. By
symmetry the centroid of the elemental shell lies at its center, so that yc y/2.
The volume of the element is dV (2z dz)(y). Expressing y in terms of z from
2
the equation of the circle gives y r2 z2. Using the value of 3 r3 computed
in Solution I for the volume of the hemisphere and substituting in the second of
Eqs. 5/6a give us
[V y

y dV]
c

y
dz

yc = y/2

z
y
r

r 2 z (2zr z ) dz
r
(r z z ) dz
4

(3r3)y

Solution II

y 8r

Ans.

Solutions I and II are of comparable use since each involves an element of

simple shape and requires integration with respect to one variable only.
r

As an alternative, we could use the angle as our variable with

limits of 0 and /2. The radius of either element would become r sin , whereas
the thickness of the slice in Solution I would be dy (r d) sin and that of the
shell in Solution II would be dz (r d) cos . The length of the shell would be
y r cos .

Solution III.

yc = y

y(r2 y2) dy

r d

Solution III

Helpful Hint

Can you identify the higher-order element of volume which is omitted

from the expression for dV?

Sample Problem 5/6

y
12

Locate the centroid of the shaded area.

Solution.

The composite area is divided into the four elementary shapes

shown in the lower gure. The centroid locations of all these shapes may be obtained from Table D/3. Note that the areas of the holes (parts 3 and 4) are
taken as negative in the following table:

4
3
3

A
in.2

x
in.

y
in.

1
2
3
4

120
30
14.14
8

6
14
6
12

5
10/3
1.273
4

TOTALS

127.9

PART

xA
in.3

yA
in.3

720
420
84.8
96

600
100
18
32

959

650

2
2 2

The area counterparts to Eqs. 5/7 are now applied and yield

X Ax

959
7.50 in.
127.9

Ans.

Y Ay

650
5.08 in.
127.9

Ans.

Sample Problem 5/7

6
5
A, m2

Approximate the x-coordinate of the volume centroid of a body whose length

is 1 m and whose cross-sectional area varies with x as shown in the gure.

4
3
2

Solution.

The body is divided into ve sections. For each section, the average
area, volume, and centroid location are determined and entered in the following
table:

INTERVAL

Aav
m2

Volume V
m3

x
m

Vx
m4

00.2
0.20.4
0.40.6
0.60.8
0.81.0

3
4.5
5.2
5.2
4.5

0.6
0.90
1.04
1.04
0.90

0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9

0.060
0.270
0.520
0.728
0.810

TOTALS

4.48

1
0
0

0.2

0.6

0.4

0.8

x, m

2.388
Helpful Hint

X VVx

2.388
0.533 m
4.48

Ans.

Note that the shape of the body as a

function of y and z does not affect X.

1.0

Sample Problem 5/8

Locate the center of mass of the bracket-and-shaft combination. The vertical face is made from sheet metal which has a mass of 25 kg/m2. The material of
the horizontal base has a mass of 40 kg/m2, and the steel shaft has a density of
7.83 Mg/m3.

50
150
x
40

Solution.

The composite body may be considered to be composed of the ve elements shown in the lower portion of the illustration. The triangular part will be
taken as a negative mass. For the reference axes indicated it is clear by symmetry that the x-coordinate of the center of mass is zero.
The mass m of each part is easily calculated and should need no further explanation. For Part 1 we have from Sample Problem 5/3
z

150

75

50

50

25
100

150

Dimensions in millimeters

4(50)
4r

21.2 mm
3
3

For Part 3 we see from Sample Problem 5/2 that the centroid of the triangular
mass is one-third of its altitude above its base. Measurement from the coordinate
axes becomes
z [150 25 13 (75)] 100 mm

1
2
3
4
5
TOTALS

m
kg

y
mm

z
mm

my
kg m

mz
kg mm

0.098
0.562
0.094
0.600
1.476

0
0
0
50.0
75.0

21.2
75.0
100.0
150.0
0

0
0
0
30.0
110.7

2.08
42.19
9.38
90.00
0

140.7

120.73

2.642

5
3

The y- and z-coordinates to the mass centers of the remaining parts should be evident by inspection. The terms involved in applying Eqs. 5/7 are best handled in
the form of a table as follows:

PART

Equations 5/7 are now applied and the results are

Y my

140.7
53.3 mm
2.642

Ans.

Z mz

120.73
45.7 mm
2.642

Ans.

Sample Problem 5/9

z
R

Determine the volume V and surface area A of the complete torus of circular
cross section.
a

Solution.

The torus can be generated by revolving the circular area of radius a

through 360 about the z-axis. With the use of Eq. 5/9a, we have

V rA 2(R)(a2) 22Ra2

Ans.

Similarly, using Eq. 5/8a gives

A rL 2(R)(2a) 42Ra

r = R

Ans.

Helpful Hint

We note that the angle of revolution is 2 for the complete ring. This
common but special-case result is
given by Eq. 5/9.

Sample Problem 5/10

Calculate the volume V of the solid generated by revolving the 60-mm righttriangular area through 180 about the z-axis. If this body were constructed of
steel, what would be its mass m?

60
mm
x

Solution.

With the angle of revolution 180, Eq. 5/9a gives

V rA [30 13(60)][12(60)(60)] 2.83(105) mm3

Ans.

30
mm

60
mm

The mass of the body is then

z

kg

1m
m V 7830 3 [2.83(105) mm3]
1000 mm
m
2.21 kg

Ans.

60
mm

C
r
30
mm

60
mm

Helpful Hint

Note that must be in radians.