CHEMCADTutorials
CC-THERM Tutorial
Thistutorialwalksyouthroughtheratingofaheatexchanger.Theexampleyoull
workwithisthecondensatestabilizerexampledescribedintheCCSTEADYSTATE
tutorial,whichlookslikethis:
WhileitsrecommendedthatanewCHEMCADuserbuildthissimulationfrom
thegrounduptogainproficiencywiththesoftware,areadymadeexamplecalled
CHEMCADTutorial.CC6isalsoavailable.Thisfileislocatedbydefaultinthe
directorycalledMyDocuments\MySimulations\Examples\Tutorials.
Yourobjectiveistoratethefirstheatexchangerinthisflowsheet.Theequipment
youreworkingwithisacountercurrentgas/gasheatexchangerwiththefollowing
geometryanddimensions:
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TEMAclass=R
TEMAtype=BEM
Foulingfactors=0.001bothsides
Shellinsidediameter=27
Numberoftubes=646
Tubeoutsidediameter=0.75
Tubewallthickness=0.065
Tubelength=20
Tubepattern=rotatedtriangular(60)
Tubepitch=0.9375
Baffles:10,equallyspaced
Baffletype=singlesegmental
Bafflecut=35%(diameter)
Impingementplatepresent
Shellsidenozzles=one,12
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Tubesidenozzles=one,12
BaffletoshellI.D.clearance=0.3125(diameter)
ShellI.D.toOTLclearance=0.35433(diameter)
Tubetobaffleholeclearance=0.035(diameter)
Spaceattopofbundle=2.8
Carbonsteeltubes;allothermaterialsA285C
5rowspersealingstrip
Overview of the Heat Exchanger Sizing Process
TheCCTHERMmoduleenablesyoutogenerateheatcurvesandspecifyheat
exchangers.Thisprocessinvolvesthefollowingsteps:
1. Identifythetubesidestream.
2. Generateandfinalizetheheatcurveandpropertiesonbothsidesofthe
exchanger.
3. Definegeneralinformationabouttheexchanger.
4. Specifyanydesiredtubedata.
5. Specifyanydesiredshelldata.
6. Specifyanydesiredbaffledata.
7. Specifyanydesirednozzledata.
8. Specifyanydesiredspecificclearances.
9. Specifythematerialsusedintheconstructionoftheheatexchanger.
10. Specifyanydesiredmiscellaneousdata.
11. Runthesizingcalculations.
12. Reviewresultsandcreateplotsasneeded.
Identify the Tube-side Stream
OncethesimulationiscompleteinCCSTEADYSTATE,youcanstartsizingthefirst
heatexchangerbyidentifyingthetubesidestream:
1. ClickonthefirstheatexchangericonandthenselectSizing>Heat
Exchangers>Shell&Tube.
2. Amessageboxpromptsyoutoselectastreamenteringtheexchangerstube
side.ClickOKtocontinue.
3. AttheSelectStreamsdialogbox,eithertype1orclickstream1onthe
flowsheet,thenclickOK.
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4. CCTHERMdisplaysdataforallfourstreamsaroundtheexchangerina
separatereportwindow.Revieworprintthedataasneededandthenclose
thereportwindow.
Generate the Heat Curve
Oncethetubesidestreamisidentified,CCTHERMpromptsyouthroughthesetup
oftheheatcurve.TheHeatCurveParametersdialogboxdisplaysassoonasyou
closethereportfromthepreviousstep.
Figure 11-21: The Heat Curve Parameters dialog box
Toaccountforthechangeinphysicalpropertiesacrosstheheatexchanger,CC
THERMdividestheanalysisintozones.Thesezonesarethermodynamicsegments
basedonequaltemperaturechangesorequalenthalpyincrements.Therearetwo
optionstochoosefrom:
Equalenthalpy:Incrementsofequalenthalpychange
Bubbledewpoint:Incrementsofequalenthalpychangebetweenthedew
andbubblepoints,withseparatezonesforsuperheatingandsubcoolingif
present
Thedefaultsettingisthebubbledewpointoption.Foreithersegmentation
method,youcanalsodecidehowmanyzonestocalculatefortheexchanger.The
morezonesyouspecify,themoreaccuratethecalculationswillbe,butcalculations
willalsobeslower.Theindustrystandardis10zones(11points),whichisthe
defaultentryhere,butyoucanselectanynumberbymakinganentryinthe
Numberofcuttingpointsfield.Bearinmindthatthenumberofpointsequalsthe
numberofzonesplusone.
Forthistutorial,leaveallthedefaultsettingsandclickOKtocontinue.CC
THERMcalculatesthe11pointsneededfortheheatcurveanddisplaysaplotlike
theoneshowninFigure1122.
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Figure 11-22: Heat curve plot for first heat exchanger
Thisplotenablesyoutoinspectthecalculatedheatcurveforanyobvious
problemsinthesetupoftheanalysis.ClickOKtoclosethiswindowandcontinue.
Define General Specifications
ThenextdialogboxtoappeariscalledGeneralSpecifications.Here,youcanprovide
basicinformationgoverningheatexchangercalculations,suchasprocesstype,
allowablepressuredrop,foulingfactor,TEMAclassandtype,andsoforth.
Thisdialogboxhastwotabs,andmostofthefieldsonbothtabshavedefault
settings.ThetabthatinitiallydisplaysiscalledGeneralInformation,anditincludes
thefollowingsettings:
Calculationmode:Thisentrydetermineswhetheryouaredesigningor
ratingaheatexchanger.UsethedefaultsettingofRating.
TEMAclass/standard:ThisentryspecifiestheexchangersTEMAclass,
whichisprimarilyafunctionofitsmechanicaldetails.Usethedefaultsetting
ofTEMAR.
Orientation:Thisentryspecifieswhethertheexchangerismounted
horizontallyorvertically.UsethedefaultsettingofHorizontal.
TEMAfrontendhead,TEMAshelltype,andTEMArearendhead:To
establishthebasicconfigurationoftheexchanger,youmustdefinethese
characteristicsoftheexchangeraccordingtoTEMAdesignations.The
simplestandmostcommonkindofexchangerisafixedtubesheet,orBEM,
TEMAtype.SelectBBonnetforthefronthead,EOnePassfortheshell
type,andMFixedTubesheet(Bhead)fortherearhead.
Processtype:Insomecases,youmustidentifytheprocesstype,forexample
inthecaseofpoolboilingorfallingfilmcondensation.Inthiscase,usethe
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defaultselectionofSensibleFlowforbothtubesideandshellside,asthere
isnophasechangeoneithersideoftheexchanger.
FoulingfactorToallowforfoulingontheinsideandoutsideofthetube,
youcanenterfoulingfactors.Usethedefaultsettingof0.001(Englishunits)
onbothsides.
OntheModelingMethodstab,youcanselecttheformulastobeusedincertain
aspectsoftheheatexchangercalculations.Forthepurposesofthistutorial,usethe
programsdefaultselections.ClickOKtocontinue.
Set Tube Specifications
TheTubeSpecificationsdialogboxnowappears,populatedwithdefaultentriesin
allfields.
Figure 11-23: The Tube Specifications dialog box
Enter646intheNumberoftubesfieldandclickOKtocontinue.
Set Shell Specifications
ThenextdialogboxtoappeariscalledShellSpecifications.
Figure 11-24: The Shell Specifications dialog box
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Theonlyvaluethatyouneedtospecifyhereistheshelldiameter.Unlessyou
checktheUsestandardpipeasshellbox,CCTHERMassumesthatthevalue
enteredhereistheactualshellinsidediameter.Type2.25(theequivalentinfeetto
27)intheShelldiameterfieldandthenclickOKtocontinue.
Note: TheCHEMCADsuitehasahandybuiltinconversionfeaturethatcanhelp
wheninputfieldsrequireadifferentunitofmeasurethanthedatayouhave.Place
yourcursorinanynumericdataentryfield,andthenpress[F6]tobringupadialog
boxthatoffersconversionunitsrelevanttotheselectedfield.Typethevalueyou
haveintheappropriatefieldandpress[ENTER]toconverttootherunits.Verifythe
resultsoftheconversionandthenclickOK.CHEMCADautomaticallyselectsthe
appropriateunitsforthefieldandentersthatconvertedvalue.
Set Baffle Specifications
TheBaffleSpecificationsdialogboxdisplaysnext.
Figure 11-25: The Baffle Specifications dialog box
Mostofthedefaultentrieshereareappropriateforthisexample;youdo,
however,needtospecifythebafflespacingandbafflecut.
Baffle Spacing
Allthatyouknowforthepurposesofbafflespacingisthatthereare10baffles
equallyspaced.Eraseanydefaultvaluesforspacingandenter10intheNumberof
bafflesfield.CCTHERMwillcalculateequalspacingforthebaffles.
Baffle Cut Percent
Thebafflecutpercentcanbebasedeitherondiameteroronarea.TheBasisofcut
fieldidentifiesthebasisforthespecifiedcut;usethedefaultsettingofDiameter,and
enter35intheBafflecutpercentfield.ClickOKtocontinue.
Set Nozzle Specifications
TheNozzleSpecificationsdialogboxnowappears.
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Figure 11-26: The Nozzle Specifications dialog box
Thedefaultentriesareacceptableforthisexample,soyouonlyneedtoenterthe
insidediameterfortheinletandoutletnozzlesonboththetubeandshellsides.All
ofthesenozzleshave1internaldiameters.
Enter1ineachofthefourfieldsatthetopofthedialogbox,thenclickOKto
continue.
Set Clearance Specifications
YouwillnowseetheClearanceSpecificationsdialogbox.
Figure 11-27: The Clearance Specifications dialog box
CCTHERMalwaysdefaultstoTEMAclearances,sonormallynoentryis
requiredinthisdialogbox.Inthiscase,theclearancesareknown,soyoushould
enterthemintheeventtheydonotconformexactlytoTEMA.Youcanusethe[F6]
featurenotedearlierinthistutorialtoconvertthegivenclearancesfrominchesto
feet.
Also,becausethereisanimpingementplate,youneedtoenterthespaceatthe
topofthebundle.Type0.233333intheSpaceatTopofBundlefieldandthenclick
OKtocontinue.
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Set Material Specifications
ThenextdialogboxtoappeariscalledMaterialSpecifications.
Figure 11-28: The Material Specifications dialog box
Here,youcanspecifythematerialsofconstructionfortheheatexchanger.For
thisexample,usethedefaultentries:carbonsteelforthetubesandA285Cforall
othermaterials.ClickOKtocontinue
Set Miscellaneous Specifications
ThelastdialogboxtoappeariscalledMiscellaneousSpecifications.
Figure 11-29: The Miscellaneous Specifications dialog box
TheonlyfieldthatisimportanttothisexampleisRowsperSealingStrip.The
defaultentryof5iswhattheexamplecallsfor,soleavethedialogboxasitisand
clickOKtocontinue.
Run Sizing Calculations
Nowthatyouhavespecifiedheatexchangerdatainalloftherequireddialogboxes,
theShellandTubeExchangermenuappears.Notethatthismenuiswhatyouwill
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seeifyoureturntoshellandtubesizingforthisexchangeratanytimeafterthis
initialspecification.
Figure 11-30: The Shell and Tube Exchanger menu
ClicktheCalculatebuttononthemenu.Thecalculationwillrunveryfast,
showingruntimemessagesonthestatusbarandthenreturningyoutotheShelland
TubeExchangermenu.
Review Results and Create Plots
Nowthatcalculationsarecomplete,youcanclicktheViewResultsbuttontoseethe
resultoftheheatexchangercalculations.TheViewResultsmenuwillappear.
Figure 11-31: The View Results menu
Clickanyofthesebuttonstoviewvariousreportsoneverythingfrombaffle
parameterstovibrationanalysis.Whenyouselectareport,thedatadisplaysina
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separatewindow,whichyoucanrevieworprintandthenclose.Toreturntothe
ShellandTubeExchangermenuatanytime,clicktheExitbutton.
YoucanalsodisplayresultsgraphicallybyclickingPlot.ThisopensthePlot
menu,fromwhichyoucanselectavarietyofzonebyzonegraphs.
Figure 11-32: The Plot menu
Theseplotsopeninaplotwindow,justliketheheatcurveplotthatyouwesaw
atthebeginningofthistutorial.WhenyouclickOKtocloseanyplot,youwillreturn
totheShellandTubeExchangermenu.
Youcanalsoprinttabulated,hardcopyreportsusingtheSelectReportsand
GenerateReportsoptionsontheShellandTubeExchangermenu.First,clickSelect
ReportstobringuptheReportSelectiondialogbox.
Figure 11-33: The Report Selection dialog box
SelecteitherWordPadorExcelasyourreportviewer,andchecktheboxesforthe
reportsthatyouwanttogenerate.ClickOKtoreturntotheShellandTube
Exchangermenu,thenclickGenerateReports.Allofthereportsthatyouselected
willbegeneratedanddisplayedusingtheviewerthatyouchose.
Youcannowrevieworprintthereport;whenyouclosethereportwindow,you
willreturntotheShellandTubeExchangermenu.ClickExittoclosethemenu,then
clickYeswhenaskedwhetheryouwanttosaveyourchanges.
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