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    TEST No

    Uploaded by

    Pattarawat Nakkum
    This document describes procedures for conducting a torsional shear test of steel to determine its mechanical properties under torsional loading. Key steps include: securing a round steel bar specimen in a torsion testing machine fitted with a troptometer to measure the angle of twist; applying increasing torque and recording the torque and twist readings; plotting the torque-twist curve; and calculating properties like shear stress at proportional limit, yield stress, shear modulus, and elongation at failure. The goal is to understand the steel's behavior under torsion and obtain metrics like its rigidity and ductility.

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    TEST No

    Uploaded by

    Pattarawat Nakkum
    86 views9 pages
    This document describes procedures for conducting a torsional shear test of steel to determine its mechanical properties under torsional loading. Key steps include: securing a round steel bar specimen in a torsion testing machine fitted with a troptometer to measure the angle of twist; applying increasing torque and recording the torque and twist readings; plotting the torque-twist curve; and calculating properties like shear stress at proportional limit, yield stress, shear modulus, and elongation at failure. The goal is to understand the steel's behavior under torsion and obtain metrics like its rigidity and ductility.

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    This document describes procedures for conducting a torsional shear test of steel to determine its mechanical properties under torsional loading. Key steps include: securing a round steel bar specimen in a torsion testing machine fitted with a troptometer to measure the angle of twist; applying increasing torque and recording the torque and twist readings; plotting the torque-twist curve; and calculating properties like shear stress at proportional limit, yield stress, shear modulus, and elongation at failure. The goal is to understand the steel's behavior under torsion and obtain metrics like its rigidity and ductility.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    86 views9 pages

    TEST No

    Uploaded by

    Pattarawat Nakkum
    This document describes procedures for conducting a torsional shear test of steel to determine its mechanical properties under torsional loading. Key steps include: securing a round steel bar specimen in a torsion testing machine fitted with a troptometer to measure the angle of twist; applying increasing torque and recording the torque and twist readings; plotting the torque-twist curve; and calculating properties like shear stress at proportional limit, yield stress, shear modulus, and elongation at failure. The goal is to understand the steel's behavior under torsion and obtain metrics like its rigidity and ductility.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    TEST No.

    S12
    TORSIONAL SHEAR TEST OF STEEL
    PURPOSE To determine the behavior of the ductile steel when subjected to
    torsion and to
    obtain the following torsional properties:
    1. Shearing stress at Proportional Limit by using torsion formula
    2. Yield shearing stress at an offset of 0.001 radian per cm of gage
    length by using torsion formula
    3. Shearing modulus of rupture
    4. Modulus of rigidity
    5. Average energy absorbed per unit volume at Proportional Limit
    6. Approximate percentage of elongation at outer fiber at failure
    7. Probable tensile stress at Proportional Limit
    REFERENCE ASTM
    JIS
    SPECIMEN Round steel bars.
    APPARATUS Torsion testing machine and troptometer

    TORSION FORMULA

    Various stress and strain relations for cylinder pieces in torsion are stated
    below in terms of

    the following symbols:


    T is torque or torsional moment
    J is the polar moment of inertia

    for circular section

    is the shearing strain


    r is the radius of a cylindrical test piece.
    L is the distance between collars of the strainometer
    is the angle of twist measured over the distance L
    is the shearing stress in extreme fiber

    is the modulus of rigidity or shearing modulus of elasticity


    From geometrical relations between the various elements of the circular bar
    subjected to
    torsion (see Fig. A), the shearing strain can be determined by
    Within the elastic range all evidence indicates that the shearing strains are
    proportional to the
    distance from the axis of twist. This relation appears also to hold
    approximately above the

    Proportional Limit. Within the limit of proportionality,

    The stress varies linearly from zero at the axis of twist to the maximum at
    the extreme fiber

    and varies directly with the angle of twist, ( see Fig. B). By summing up
    the stresses over the entire
    cross section, the relation between shearing stress on extreme fiber and the
    applied torque may be
    found.

    For the solid circular section, the maximum shearing stress s

    This relation is called the Torsion Formula and is applicable only to the
    solid circular
    section.
    The modulus of rigidity in terms of torque and angle of twist can be
    expressed as
    It can be shown theoretically that the modulus of rigidity or shearing
    modulus of elasticity for
    homogeneous isotropic materials is about 40 percent of the modulus of
    elasticity in tension..

    The elastic shearing stress of the ductile and the semi-ductile steels appears
    to be close to 0.6
    of the elastic tensile stress.

    The ductility n a torsion test is determined by comparing the final fiber


    length L (Fig. A) at

    rupture with the original fiber length or gage length L. The value of the final
    fiber length L is
    computed by knowing L, r and O. that is

    The ductility is expressed as a percentage of elongation of the outer fiber


    and is equal to
    [(L - L) / L x 100.
    PROCEDURE
    I. With a micrometer screw gage, determine the mean diameter of the
    specimen near its mid
    length.
    2. Note the gage length and the least reading of the troptometer. Securely
    clamp the
    instrument to the specimen, making certain that the axes of the troptometer
    and the test piece coincide

    and that the troptometer is in proper position for reading.

    3. Adjust the torsion testing machine to read zero and then insert the
    specimen into the two
    ends. Check that each end is centered inside each head.
    4. Gradually bring the grips in the ends to a firm equal bearing, take care
    not to displace the

    specimen. if tightening the grips produce some torque, operate the machine
    forward or reverse so
    that the torque wiN be reduced to zero.
    5. Remove the troptometer spacer bars and set the instrument to read zero.
    6. Apply load at a slow speed. Take readings of torque and angle of twist
    simultaneously
    without stopping the machine at 300 kg-cm increments. After the specimen
    shows definite signs of

    yielding, apply the load at higher speed until failure occurs. Note the
    character of fracture.
    7. Plot two diagrams with the same origin showing the relation between
    torque in kg-cm as

    ordinates against angle of twist or sheer strain ( ) in radians per cm of


    gage length as abscissas. One
    diagram will extend to the yield strength with slope of not more than 60
    degrees with the strain axis.

    The second diagram will show the curve for the entire test.
    8. Determine the torque at Proportional Limit and the yield strength at the
    specified offset and
    mark them on the first diagram.
    9. Compute the quantities required.

    6. Apply load at a slow speed. Take readings of torque and angle of twist
    simultaneously
    without stopping the machine at 300 kg-cm increments. After the specimen
    shows definite signs of

    yielding, apply the load at higher speed until failure occurs. Note the
    character of fracture.

    7. Plot two diagrams with the same origin showing the relation between
    torque in kg-cm as
    ordinates against angle of twist or sheer strain (4)) in radians per cm of
    gage length as abscissas. One

    diagram will extend to the yield strength with slope of not more than 60
    degrees with the strain axis.
    The second diagram will show the curve for the entire test.
    8. Determine the torque at Proportional Limit and the yield strength at the
    specified offset and

    mark them on the first diagram.


    9. Compute the quantities required.

    (a) Sod bar of ductile material. Fracture on plane right section.


    (b) Solid bar of brittle material. Helicoidal fracture.

    c) Tubular specimen of ductile material. Failure by buckling.


    d) Tubular specimen of ductile material; short reduced section.
    Failure on plane right section.

    Typical failures in torsion

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