Experiment 3:
Discrete-Time Signal Processing Operation
John Paul E. Ocampo
Electronics Engineering Department
University of Santo Tomas
I.
Introduction
MATLAB has a lot of different functions
that we can use to manipulate signals.
The most basic signal operations are
Shifting, Folding, time scaling, signal
addition, signal multiplication and evenodd
decomposition.
The
Shifting
functions used to delay or advance
samples by a certain constant k. Timescaling are used in Down-sampling or
Up-sampling, Replacing n by a certain
constant n. Addition of Discrete Time
signals which is the summation of
several signals whose value at any
instant that is equal to the sum of the
values of two or more signals at that
instant. Multiplication of Discrete Time
signals is the product of two or more
signals. Amplitude scaling of DT signal
is the amplitude scaling of a signal by a
constant A.
Experiment 3 introduced the basic
functions that we will be using
throughout the whole semester. These
functions are used to manipulate
Discrete time signals. Some of these
functions are shifting, folding, time
scaling, addition of two or more discrete-
time signals, multiplication of two or
more dicrete-time signals and Amplitude
scaling of discrete-time signals.
IV.
Appendix
1. Generate an impulse signal (nn0) over the interval n1 to n2
[x,n] = impseq(n0,n1,n2)
(nn0)=1, n=n0
0, n=n0
Codes:
II.
Experimentation
function [x,n] = impseq(n0,n1,n2)
In this experiment we were tasked to
generate different signals in a function
file, which made it easier to evaluate the
other problems because it was the most
convenient approach to enter the next
required values by substituting the
generated function files of the different
signals.
III.
Conclusion
if ((n0 < n1) | (n0 > n2) | (n1 > n2))
error('the input arguments entered are
invalid')
end
n =[n1:n2]; x =[(n-n0) == 0];
a. generate sequence u(n-n0) over the
interval n1 to n2
[x,n] = stepseq(n0,n1,n2)
u(nn0)=1, nn0
Codes:
function [x,n] = stepseq(n0,n1,n2)
if ((n0 < n1) | (n0 > n2) | (n1 > n2))
error('input arguments are invalid')
end
n =[n1:n2];
x =[(n-n0) >= 0]
b. generate sequence y(n) = x(n0 m)
[y,n] = sigshift(x,m,n0)
Codes:
function [y,n] = sigshift(x,m,n0)
n = m+n0;
y = x;
c. generates sequence y(m) = x(n)
[y,m] = sigfold(x,n)
Codes:
function [y,n] = sigfold(x,n)
y =fliplr(x); n =-fliplr(n);
d. generate sequence y(n) = x1(n) +
x2(n) [y,n] = sigadd(x1,n1,x2,n2)
Codes:
function [y,n] = sigadd(x1,n1,x2,n2)
n = min(min(n1),min(n2)):max(max(n1),
max(n2));
a = zeros(1,length(n));
b = a; a(find((n>=min(n1))&
(n<=max(n1))==1))=a1;
y2(find((n>=min(n2))&(n<=max(n2))==1)
)=a2;
y = a+b;
e. generate sequence y(n) = x1(n) x2(n)
[y,n] = sigmult(x1,n1,x2,n2)
Codes:
function [y,n] = sigmult(x1,n1,x2,n2)
n = min(min(n1),min(n2)):
max(max(n1),max(n2));
a = zeros(1,length(n));
b = y1;
y1(find((n>=min(n1))&
(n<=max(n1))==1))=x1;
b(find((n>=min(n2))&(n<=max(n2))==1))
=a2;
y = a .* b;
f. generate
components
evenodd(x,n)
the even and odd
of x(n) [xe,xo,n] =
Codes:
function [xe, xo, m] = evenodd(x,n)
if any(imag(x) ~= 0)
end
m = -fliplr(n);
m1 = min([m,n]); m2 = max([m,n]);
m = m1:m2;
nm = n(1)-m(1); n1 = 1:length(n);
a1 = zeros(1,length(m)); a1(n1+nm) = x;
x = a1;
xe = 0.5*(x + fliplr(x));
xo = 0.5*(x - fliplr(x));
2. Verify the function files created in
problem (1) by plotting (using stem
function) the sequence generated by the
following operations
a..x(n) = 2(n)2(n1)+3(n2)+
3(n3)4(n5) , for 2< n < 7 use
impseq and sigadd functions
Codes:
[xa,n]=impseq(0,-2,7);
[x1,n1]=impseq(1,-2,7);
[x2,n2]=impseq(2,-2,7);
[x3,n3]=impseq(3,-2,7);
[x4,n4]=impseq(5,-2,7);
x1a= 2.*xa;
x2a=-2.*x1;
x3a=3.*x2;
x4a=3.*x3;
x5a=-4.*x4;
[x1b,n]=sigadd(x1a,n,x2a,n1);
[x2b,n]=sigadd(x3a,n2,x4a,n3);
[x1c,n]=sigadd(x1b,n,x5a,n4);
[x,n]=sigadd(x1c,n,x2b,n);
stem(n,x);
b. y(n) = x(4 n)x(2 n) , where x(n) is
the sequence generated in 2.a. use
sigshift, sigfold and sigmult functions
Codes:
[x1,n1]= sigfold(x,n);
[x1,n1]=sigshift(x1,n1,4);
[x2,n2]=sigfold(x,n);
[x2,n2]=sigshift(x2,n2,-2);
[y,n]=sigmult(x1,n1,x2,n2);
stem(n,y)
[d,dn]=sigadd(b,bn,-c,cn);
[x,n]=sigmult(a,an,d,dn);
stem(n,x);
d. Decompose the signal
for 50 < n < 50 to its even and odd
components and verify that the energy
of x(n) is equal to the sum of energy of
its even and odd components.
Determine and plot (stem) the following
functions:
1. x(n)
2. even component
3. odd component
4. sum of even and odd
components, x(n)
Codes:
n=-50:50;
x = (0.97.^abs(n)).*cos(.0009.*pi.*n.^2+
(pi./3)).*sin(.005.*pi.*n+(pi./4));
[xe,xo,n]=evenodd(x,n);
[s,n]=sigadd(xe,n,xo,n);
subplot(4,1,1); stem(n,x);
subplot(4,1,2); stem(n,xe);
subplot(4,1,3); stem(n,xo);
subplot(4,1,4); stem(n,s);
c. use sigshift, stepseq and sigmult
functions where r(n) = nu(n), is a unit
ramp function
Codes:
[a,an]=stepseq(0,-2,7);
a=an.*a;
[a,an]=sigshift(a,an,-1);
[b,bn]=stepseq(0,-2,7);
[c,cn]=stepseq(1,-2,7);
