This document summarizes the questions from a Math 2221 test covering topics such as:
1) Solving a boundary value problem for a second order differential equation.
2) Finding the general solution to a non-homogeneous second order differential equation.
3) Finding the coefficients of the adjoint operator for a given differential operator.
4) Deriving an identity for Bessel functions.
5) Computing an inner product of functions satisfying given conditions.
6) Solving problems related to power series solutions of differential equations.
7) Showing that a solution to a boundary value problem implies a condition on the forcing term.
This document summarizes the questions from a Math 2221 test covering topics such as:
1) Solving a boundary value problem for a second order differential equation.
2) Finding the general solution to a non-homogeneous second order differential equation.
3) Finding the coefficients of the adjoint operator for a given differential operator.
4) Deriving an identity for Bessel functions.
5) Computing an inner product of functions satisfying given conditions.
6) Solving problems related to power series solutions of differential equations.
7) Showing that a solution to a boundary value problem implies a condition on the forcing term.
This document summarizes the questions from a Math 2221 test covering topics such as:
1) Solving a boundary value problem for a second order differential equation.
2) Finding the general solution to a non-homogeneous second order differential equation.
3) Finding the coefficients of the adjoint operator for a given differential operator.
4) Deriving an identity for Bessel functions.
5) Computing an inner product of functions satisfying given conditions.
6) Solving problems related to power series solutions of differential equations.
7) Showing that a solution to a boundary value problem implies a condition on the forcing term.
This document summarizes the questions from a Math 2221 test covering topics such as:
1) Solving a boundary value problem for a second order differential equation.
2) Finding the general solution to a non-homogeneous second order differential equation.
3) Finding the coefficients of the adjoint operator for a given differential operator.
4) Deriving an identity for Bessel functions.
5) Computing an inner product of functions satisfying given conditions.
6) Solving problems related to power series solutions of differential equations.
7) Showing that a solution to a boundary value problem implies a condition on the forcing term.
so the general solution of the homogeneous equation Lu = 0 is
uH = Ax3/2 + Bx. Also, Lx2 = 7x2 so a particular solution of Lu = 14x2 is uP = 2x2 . Hence, the general solution of Lu = 14x2 is u = uH + uP = Ax3/2 + Bx + 2x2 . Since u(1) = A + B + 2 and u(4) = A/8 + 4B + 32, the boundary conditions give A + B + 2 = 9, A + B = 7, and thus A/8 + 4B + 32 = 29, A/8 + 4B = 3. Therefore A = 8 and B = 1 and the solution is u = 8x3/2 x + 2x2 . 2. [8 marks] Since 2 4 + 4 = ( 2)2 the functions u1 = e2x and u2 = xe2x are linearly independent solutions of the homogeneous equation. Their Wronskian is 2x
2x e
xe 4x
W = 2x 2x 2x = e 2e e + 2xe so applying the formulae with f(x) = e2x /x we have v10
(e2x /x) xe2x
= = 1 e4x
and
v20
(e2x /x) e2x
= = x1 . 4x e
Thus, v1 = x and v2 = log |x|, implying that
uP = u1 v1 + u2 v2 = e2x (x) + xe2x log |x| = e2x (x + log |x|) is a particular solution, and hence the general solution (with C = B 1) is
u = uH + uP = Ae2x + Bxe2x + uP = e2x A + Cx + x log |x| . 3
[3 marks] The definition of L gives
3.
L v = (xv) 00 + (ex v) 0 + 4x2 v = (2v 0 + xv 00 ) + (2xex v + ex v 0 ) + 4x2 v
2 2 = xv 00 + 2 + ex v 0 + 4x2 2xex v, showing that 2
so C = 2n. The identity holds for any integer n, not just n > 1, if we agree that 1/k! = 0 for k {1, 2, 3, . . .}. 5.
[4 marks] Since
k3f + gk2 = h3f + g, 3f + gi = k3fk2 + 2h3f, gi + kgk2 = 9kf2 k + 6hf, gi + kgk2
we have 16 = 9 + 6hf, gi + 9 so 6hf, gi = 2 and thus hf, gi = 1/3. 4
6. (i) [7 marks] 3z2 u 00 + z(1 z)u 0 u = (3z2 u 00 + zu 0 u) z2 u 0
X X
k+r = 3(k + r)(k + r 1) + (k + r) 1 Ak z
(k + r)Ak zk+r+1 =
k=0
k=0
[3(k + r) + 1](k + r 1)Ak zk+r
k=0
(k 1 + r)Ak1 zk+r
k=1 r
= (3r + 1)(r 1)A0 z
X
+ (3k + 3r + 1)(k + r 1)Ak (k + r 1)Ak1 zk+r , k=1
so the indicial equation is (3r + 1)(r 1) = 0 and the recurrence
relation is Ak1 Ak = for all k > 1. 3k + 3r + 1 (ii) [1 mark] The roots of the indicial equation are r1 = 1 and r2 = 1/3. Since r1 > 0 but r2 < 0, we need to choose r = r1 to obtain a solution that is bounded at z = 0. (iii) [3 marks] With r = 1, Ak =
Ak1 3k + 4
for all k > 1.
Thus, putting A0 = 1 gives
A1 = so
7.
A0 1 = 7 7
and A2 =
A1 1 = , 10 70
z z2 u=z 1+ + + . 7 70
[5 marks] First consider the homogeneous problem
v 00 + v = 0 for 0 < x < 3/4, v = 0 at x = 0, 0
v + v = 0 at x = 3/4. 5
(1)
The general solution of v 00 +v = 0 is v = A cos x+B sin x and since v(0) = A
we see that A = 0. Thus, v = B sin x and v 0 = B cos x, implying that when x = 3/4,
3 3 2 2 v 0 + v = B cos + B sin = B +B =0 4 4 2 2 for every B. Thus, v = B sin x is the general solution of the homogeneous problem (1). The operator Lu = u 00 + u is formally self-adjoint so for all u, v D,
hLu, vi = hu, Lvi
where
Z 3/4 hf, gi =
f(x)g(x) dx 0
and D, the domain of L, is defined to be the set of all C2 functions satisfying
the homogeneous boundary conditions. Hence, if a solution u exists then for any constant B, hf, vi = hLu, vi = hu, Lvi = hu, 0i = 0
