INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

AN142
Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4
author


 
 

1984 Oct

Philips Semiconductors

Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4

AN142

actually five individual active filters with the same feedback design
for all five. The main difference in all five stages is the values of C5
and C6, which are responsible for setting the center frequency of
each stage. Linear pots are recommended for R9. To simplify use of
this circuit, a component value table is provided, which lists center
frequencies and their associated capacitor values. Notice that C5
equals (10) C6, and that the Value of R8 and R10 are related to R9
by a factor of 10 as well. The values listed in the table are common
and easily found standard values.

AUDIO CIRCUITS USING THE NE5532/33/34

The following will explain some of Philips Semiconductors low noise
op amps and show their use in some audio applications.

DESCRIPTION
The 5532 is a dual high-performance low noise operational amplifier.
Compared to most of the standard operational amplifiers, such as
the 1458, it shows better noise performance, improved output drive
capability and considerably higher small-signal and power
bandwidths.

RIAA EQUALIZATION AUDIO PREAMPLIFIER

USING NE5532A

This makes the device especially suitable for application in high

quality and professional audio equipment, instrumentation and
control circuits, and telephone channel amplifiers. The op amp is
internally-compensated for gains equal to one. If very low noise is of
prime importance, it is recommended that the 5532A version be
used which has guaranteed noise voltage specifications.

With the onset of new recording techniques with sophisticated

playback equipment, a new breed of low noise operational amplifiers
was developed to complement the state-of-the-art in audio
reproduction. The first ultra-low noise op amp introduced by Philips
Semiconductors was called the NE5534A. This is a single
operational amplifier with less than 4nV/Hz input noise voltage. The
NE5534A is internally-compensated at a gain of three. This device
has been used in many audio preamp and equalizer (active filter)
applications since its introduction early last year.

APPLICATIONS
The Philips Semiconductors 5532 High-Performance Op Amp is an
ideal amplifier for use in high quality and professional audio
equipment which requires low noise and low distortion.

Many of the amplifiers that are being designed today are

DC-coupled. This means that very low frequencies (2-15Hz) are
being amplified. These low frequencies are common to turntables
because of rumble and tone arm resonances. Since the amplifiers
can reproduce these sub-audible tones, they become quite
objectionable because the speakers try to reproduce these tones.
This causes non-linearities when the actual recorded material is
amplified and converted to sound waves.

The circuit included in this application note has been assembled on

a PC board, and tested with actual audio input devices (Tuner and
Turntable). It consists of an RIAA (Recording Industry Association of
America) preamp, input buffer, 5-band equalizer, and mixer.
Although the circuit design is not new, its performance using the
5532 has been improved.
The RIAA preamp section is a standard compensation configuration
with low frequency boost provided by the Magnetic cartridge and the
RC network in the op amp feedback loop. Cartridge loading is
accomplished via R1. 47k was chosen as a typical value, and may
differ from cartridge to cartridge.

The RIAA has proposed a change in its standard playback response

curve in order to alleviate some of the problems that were previously
discussed. The changes occur primarily at the low frequency range
with a slight modification to the high frequency range (See Figure
2). Note that the response peak for the bass section of the playback
curve now occurs at 31.5Hz and begins to roll off below that
frequency. The roll-off occurs by introducing a fourth RC network
with a 7950s time constant to the three existing networks that
make up the equalization circuit. The high end of the equalization
curve is extended to 20kHz, because recordings at these
frequencies are achievable on many current discs.

The Equalizer section consists of an input buffer, 5 active variable

band pass/notch (depending on R9s setting) filters, and an output
summing amplifier. The input buffer is a standard unity gain design
providing impedance matching between the preamplifier and the
equalizer section. Because the 5532 is internally-compensated, no
external compensation is required. The 5-band active filter section is

C5
Equ In
RIAA

RIAA Out

C1

3
2

R1

+
1/2 5532

R5

5
6

R5

R2

R3

C2

C3

R7

R7

R8

1/2 5532

R9 C6

R9
2
3

R11

1/2 5532
+

R10

C7
6

1/2 5532
5 +

FLAT
7

TO VOL./
BAL AMP
EQUALIZE

R4
C4

REPEAT ABOVE CIRCUIT

FOR DESIRE NO. OF
STAGES.
R12

SL00850

Figure 1. RIAA - Equalizer Schematic

1984 Oct

August 1988 Rev: 2

Philips Semiconductors

Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4

AN142

COMPONENT VALUES FOR FIGURE 1

R8=25k
R7=2.4k R9=240k

R8=50k
R7=5.1k R9=510k

R8=100k
R7=10k R9=1meg

fO

C5

C6

fO

C5

C6

fO

C5

C6

23Hz
50Hz
72Hz
108Hz
158Hz
238Hz
290Hz
350Hz
425Hz
506Hz
721Hz
1082Hz
1588Hz
2382Hz
2904Hz
3502Hz
4253Hz
5068Hz
7218Hz
10827Hz
15880Hz
23820Hz

1F
0.47F
0.33F
0.22F
0.15F
0.1F
0.082F
0.068F
0.056F
0.047F
0.033F
0.022F
0.015F
0.01F
0.0082F
0.0068F
0.0056F
0.0047F
0.0033F
0.0022F
0.0015F
0.001F

0.1F
0.047F
0.033F
0.022F
0.015F
0.01F
0.0082F
0.0068F
0.0056F
0.0047F
0.0033F
0.0022F
0.0015F
0.001F
820pF
680pF
560pF
470pF
330pF
220pF
150pF
100pF

25Hz
36Hz
54Hz
79Hz
119Hz
145Hz
175Hz
212Hz
253Hz
360Hz
541Hz
794Hz
1191Hz
1452Hz
1751Hz
2126Hz
2534Hz
3609Hz
5413Hz
7940Hz
11910Hz
14524Hz
17514Hz
21267Hz

0.47F
0.33F
0.22F
0.15F
0.1F
0.082F
0.068F
0.056F
0.047F
0.033F
0.022F
0.015F
0.01F
0.0082F
0.0068F
0.0056F
0.0047F
0.0033F
0.0022F
0.0015F
0.001F
820pF
680pF
560pF

0.047F
0.033F
0.022F
0.015F
0.01F
0.0082F
0.0068F
0.0056 F
0.0047F
0.0033F
0.0022F
0.0015F
0.001F
820pF
680pF
560pF
470pF
330pF
220pF
150pF
100pF
82pF
68pF
56pF

12Hz
18Hz
27Hz
39Hz
59Hz
72Hz
87Hz
106Hz
126Hz
180Hz
270Hz
397Hz
595Hz
726Hz
875Hz
1063Hz
1267Hz
1804Hz
2706Hz
3970Hz
5955Hz
7262Hz
8757Hz
10633Hz
12670Hz
18045Hz

0.47F
0.33F
0.22F
0.15F
0.1F
0.082F
0.068F
0.056F
0.047F
0.033F
0.022F
0.015F
0.01F
0.0082F
0.0068F
0.0056F
0.0047F
0.0033F
0.0022F
0.0015F
0.001F
820pF
680pF
560pF
470pF
330pF

0.047F
0.033F
0.022F
0.015F
0.01F
0.0082F
0.0068F
0.0056F
0.0047F
0.0033F
0.0022F
0.0015F
0.001F
820pF
680pF
560pF
470pF
330pF
220pF
150pF
100pF
82pF
68pF
56pF
47pF
33pF

25
OLD RIAA

20
15
10
NEW RIAA
5
0
(db)5
10
15
20
25
30

10

100

(HZ)

1K

10K

100K

SL00851

Figure 2. Proposed RIAA Playback Equalization

1984 Oct

Philips Semiconductors

Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4

AN142

15V

.1F
.27F

+
3

INPUT

47K

NE5532A

TO LOAD
1

15V

+
.1F

49.9K

SL00853

Figure 4.

49.9
.056F

Assume a signal input square wave with dV/dt of 250V/s and 2V

peak amplitude as shown. If a 22pF compensation capacitor is
inserted and the R1 C1 circuit deleted, the device slew rate falls to
approximately 7V/s. The input waveform will reach 2V/250V/s or
8ns, while the output will have changed (810-3) only 56mV. The
differential input signal is then (VIN-VO) RI/RI+RF or approximately
1V.

4.99K

47F
.015F
NOTE:
All resistors are 1% metal film.

SL00852

Figure 3. RIAA Phonograph Preamplifier Using

the NE5532A

The diode limiter will definitely be active and output distortion will
occur; therefore, VIN<1V as indicated.
Next, a sine wave input is used with a similar circuit.

NE5533/34 DESCRIPTION

The slew rate of the input waveform now depends on frequency and
the exact expression is

the 5533/5534 are dual and single high-performance low noise

operational amplifiers. Compared to other operational amplifiers,
such as TL083, they show better noise performance, improved
output drive capability and considerably higher small-signal and
power bandwidths.

dv

2 cos t
dt
The upper limit before slew rate distortion occurs for small-signal
(VIN<100mV) conditions is found by setting the slew rate to 7V/s.
That is:

This makes the devices especially suitable for application in high

quality and professional audio equipment, instrumentation and
control circuits, and telephone channel amplifiers.
The op amps are internally-compensated for gain equal to, or higher
than, three. The frequency response can be optimized with an
external compensation capacitor for various applications (unity gain
amplifier, capacitive load, slew rate, low overshoot, etc.) If very low
noise is of prime importance, it is recommended that the
5533A/5534A version be used which has guaranteed noise
specifications.

7 x 10 6V
s
2 cos t
at t = 0
 LIMIT

f LIMIT

APPLICATIONS
Diode Protection of Input
The input leads of the device are protected from differential
transients above 0.6V by internal back-to-back diodes. Their
presence imposes certain limitations on the amplifier dynamic
characteristics related to closed-loop gain and slew rate.
Consider the unity gain follower as an example:

1984 Oct

7x10 6

3.5x10 6rads
2
3.5x10 6
 560kHz
2

Philips Semiconductors

Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4

AN142

External Compensation Network Improves

Bandwidth

dV/dt
+2

By using an external lead-lag network, the follower circuit slew rate

and small-signal bandwidth can be increased. This may be useful in
situations where a closed-loop gain less than 3 to 5 is indicated. A
number of examples are shown in subsequent figures. The principle
benefit of using the network approach is that the full slew rate and
bandwidth of the device is retained, while impulse-related
parameters such as damping and phase margin are controlled by
choosing the appropriate circuit constants. For example, consider
the following configuration:

2V
VIN = 2 Sin t
1K
22pF

1K

NE
5534

SL00854

Figure 5.
Rf
5
Rj

2V

Vi

C1

t1

R1
0

22pF
CC
NE
5534

3
+

VO
t2

SL00855

Figure 6.
GAIN

90
1K

R
LAG
NETWORK

45

NE5534
C
+

SL00856

0
0

Figure 7.

0.1

1.0
MHz

Figure 8.

1984 Oct

10

50

SL00857

Philips Semiconductors

Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4

AN142

applications because of their high gain and easily-tailored frequency

response.

PHASE
0

RIAA PREAMP USING THE NE5534

The preamplifier for phono equalization is shown in Figure 14 with

the theoretical and actual circuit response.

90o

Low frequency boost is provided by the inductance of the magnetic

cartridge with the RC network providing the necessary break points
to approximate the theoretical RIAA curve.

LAG NETWORKS
180o
0

0.1

1.0

10

50

MHz

RUMBLE FILTER
SL00858

Following the amplifier stage, rumble and scratch filters are often
used to improve overall quality. Such a filter designed with op amps
uses the 2-pole Butterworth approach and features switchable break
points. With the circuit of Figure 15, any degree of filtering from
fairly sharp to none at all is switch-selectable.

Figure 9.
The major problem to be overcome is poor phase margin leading to
instability.
By choosing the lag network break frequency one decade below the
unity gain crossover frequency (30-50MHz), the phase and gain
margin are improved. An appropriate value for R is 270. Setting
the lag network break frequency at 5MHz, C may be calculated
1
C +
2
@ 270 @ 5x10 6

TONE CONTROL
Tone control of audio systems involves altering the flat response in
order to attain more low frequencies or more high ones, dependent
upon listener preference. The circuit of Figure 16 provides 20dB of
bass or treble boost or cut as set by the variable resistance. The
actual response of the circuit is shown also.

+ 118pF

RULES AND EXAMPLES

BALANCE AND LOUDNESS AMPLIFIER

Compensation Using Pins 5 and 8 (Limited

Bandwidth and Slew Rate)

Figure 17 shows a combination of balance and loudness controls.

Due to the non-linearity of the human hearing system, the low
frequencies must be boosted at low listening levels. Balance, level,
and loudness controls provide all the listening controls to produce
the desired music response.

A single-pole and zero inserted in the transfer function will give an

added 45 of phase margin, depending on the network values.
Calculating the Lead-Lag Network
R IN
1
Let R 1 +
C1 +
10
2
F 1 R 1

VOLTAGE AND CURRENT OFFSET

ADJUSTMENTS

where
F1 +

Many IC amplifiers include the necessary pin connections to provide

external offset adjustments. Many times, however, it becomes
necessary to select a device not possessing external adjustments.
Figures 18, 19, and 20 suggest some possible arrangements for
off-circuitry. The circuitry of Figure 20 provides sufficient current
into the input to cancel the bias current requirement. Although more
simplified arrangements are possible, the addition of Q2 and Q3
provide a fixed current level to Q1, thus, bias cancellation can be
provided without regard to input voltage level.

1
(UGBW)
10

UGBW + 30MHz

External Compensation for Wide-Band

Voltage-Follower
Shunt Capacitance Compensation
1
CF +
, F F [ 30MHz
2
F F R F
or
CF [

C DIST

3
VIN

CDIST Distributed Capacitance 2 - 3pF

VOUT

NOTES
5
C1 = CC(1)
C1
CC = 22pF for NE5533/34
CC = 22pF [See graph under typical performance characteristics]

Many audio circuits involve carefully-tailored frequency responses.

Pre-emphasis is used in all recording mediums to reduce noise and
produce flat frequency response. The most often used de-emphasis
curves for broadcast and home entertainment systems are shown in
Figure 13. Operational amplifiers are well suited to these

1984 Oct

A CL

SL00859

Figure 10. Unity Gain Non-Inverting Configuration

Philips Semiconductors

Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4

AN142

RF

RIN
VIN

CF

RF

VOUT
RIN

VIN

C1

C1

VOUT

SL00860

Figure 11. Unity Gain Inverting Configuration

R1
+

NOTE:
Input diodes limit differential to <0.5V

SL00861

Figure 12. External Compensation for Wideband

Voltage Follower

1984 Oct

Philips Semiconductors

Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4

AN142

30

40
TURN OVER FREQUENCIES
50Hz, 500Hz, 2122Hz

25
20

TIME CONSTANTS
3150s
318s
75s

10

TIME CONSTANTS
3150s
50s

30
RELATIVE GAIN (dB)

RELATIVE GAIN 9dB)

15

TURN OVER FREQUENCIES

50Hz, 3180Hz

35

5
0
5
10

25
20
15
10

15
5
20
0

25
30
10

100

1K
FREQUENCY (Hz)

10K

10

100K

a. RIAA Equalization

100

1K
10K
FREQUENCY (Hz)

100K

b. NAB Standard Playback 71/2 IPS

40
TURN OVER FREQUENCIES
50Hz, 1326Hz

35

TIME CONSTANTS
3150s
125s

RELATIVE GAIN (dB)

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

10

100

1K

10K

100K

FREQUENCY (Hz)

c. 3.75 IPS Tape Equalization

25

TURN OVER FREQUENCY 2122 CPS

TIME CONSTANT 75s

TURN OVER FREQUENCY 1kHz

20

15
5

RELATIVE GAIN (dB)

RELATIVE GAIN (dB)

10
5
0
5
10

10

15

20

25
15
30

20
25
10

35
100

1K

10K

100K

10

FREQUENCY (Hz)

100

1K

10K

100K

FREQUENCY (Hz)

d. Base Treble Curve

e. Standard FM Broadcast Equalization

SL00862

Figure 13.

1984 Oct

Philips Semiconductors

Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4

AN142

15V
0.22
+

INPUT
1.1M

RSL

OUTPUT

NE5534

1.1K
15V
20F

1M

100K
750pF

RIAA

NAB

0.0033

NOTES:
*Select to provide specified transducer loading.
Output Noise 0.8mVRMS (with input shorted)

1.1M
0.003

16K

All resistor values are ohms.

a.
70

70

BODE PLOT
60

60

50
ACTUAL RESPONSE
GAIN dB

GAIN dB

50
BODE PLOT
40
30

30
20

20

10

10
0
101

ACTUAL
RESPONSE

40

0
102

103

104

101

105

102

103

104

105

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

c. Bode Plot of NAB Equalization and the Response

Realized in the Actual Circuit Using the 531.

b. Bode Plot of RIAA Equalization and the Response

Realized in an Actual Circuit Using the 531.

SL00863

Figure 14. Preamplifier - RIAA/NAB Compensation

1984 Oct

Philips Semiconductors

Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4

AN142

20K

0.1

NE5534

0.1

10K

6.8K

100

220k
75k

47k

27k

0022

NE5534
+

20K
10K
4

0056

6.8K

39k
22k

20K

13k

10K
6.8K

RUMBLE
POSITION FREQ.
1
FLAT
2
30MHz
3
50HZ
4
80Hz

NOTE:
All resistor values are in ohms.

SCRATCH
POSITION FREQ.
1
5KHz
2
10MHz
3
15HZ
4
FLAT

330pF

6.8K

SL00864

Figure 15. Rumble/Scratch Filter

1F
INPUT

100K

10K

+140

10K

+30

MAX
BASS
BOOST

MAX
TREBLE
BOOST

MAX
BASS
CUT

MAX
TREBLE
CUT

+20
V+

0.033F
10K
+

OUTPUT
5V
PEAK TO PEAK

3.3K

GAIN (dB)

0.033F

+10
0
10
20

0.033F

0.033F

68K
30

V
100K

40
10

NOTES:
1. Amplifier A may be a NE531 or 301. Frequency compensation, as for unity gain non-inverting amplifiers, must be used.
2. Turn-over frequency - 1kHz.
3. Base boost +20dB, bass cut -20dB, treble boost +19dB at 20Hz, treble cut -19dB at 20Hz.
All resistor values are in ohms.

1,000

10,000

100,000

FREQUENCY (Hz)

SL00865

Figure 16. Tone Control Circuit for Operational Amplifiers

1984 Oct

100

10

Philips Semiconductors

Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4

AN142

100K
0.5
A IN
LEVEL
100K

1/2
5533
+

220pF
100K

4.7K

120

A OUT

1/2
5533
+

B OUT

OUT

BALANCE
26K

LOUDNESS
IN

1/2
5533
+

1.2K

4.7K

100K

.33
100K

0.5
B IN

1/2
5533
+

100K

220pF
100K
1290

1.2K

.33

100K

NOTE:
All resistor values are in ohms.

SL00866

Figure 17. Balance Amplifier with Loudness Control

+V

R3

R3
INPUT
R4

R3
50K

R5
50K

R2
100

+
RANGE = V

V
RANGE = V

OUTPUT

NE5534

R2
100

( RR2 )

INPUT

GAIN = 1 +
NOTE:
All resistor values are in ohms.

( RR21 )
R5
R4 = R2

SL00868

Figure 19. Universal Offset Null for Non-Inverting Amplifiers

SL00867

Figure 18. Universal Offset Null for Inverting Amplifiers

1984 Oct

R4

OUTPUT

NE5534
R1
100K

R1
200K

11

Philips Semiconductors

Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4

AN142

BIAS CURRENT
COMPENSATION

V+

R3

R1

Q3
Q2
R2
Q1

NE5534
+

EIN
V

EOUT
SELECT R2 AND R3
FOR
DESIRED CURRENT
SL00869

Figure 20. Bias Current Compensation

1984 Oct

12