Barbri Barreview Example Federaljurisdiction Procedure
Barbri Barreview Example Federaljurisdiction Procedure
Barbri Barreview Example Federaljurisdiction Procedure
AND PROCEDURE
BARBRI BOOK EXAMPLE
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
I.
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
PERSONAL JURISDICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Limitations on Personal Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Statutory Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Constitutional Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c. Personal Jurisdiction in Federal Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Three Types of Personal Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. In Personam Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. In Rem Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c. Quasi In Rem Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1) Defendant Is Not Bound Personally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. STATUTORY LIMITATIONS ON IN PERSONAM JURISDICTION . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Physical Presence at Time of Personal Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. State Law Exceptions to Traditional Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Service by Fraud or Force Invalid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Immunity of Parties and Witnesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Domicile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Citizenship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Consent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Express Consent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1) By Contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) By Appointment of Agent to Accept Service of Process . . . . . . . . . . . .
a) Appointment Required by State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Implied Consent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c. Voluntary Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Long Arm Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Unlimited Long Arm Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Limited (or Specific) Long Arm Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1) Limitations in Tort Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Limitations in Contract Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Limitations in Property Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
23
23
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
3.
29
29
29
30
30
30
30
30
30
31
31
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Antitrust Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Admiralty CasesCaveat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign StateCaveat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postal Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Internal Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities Exchange Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
32
32
32
32
32
IV.
VENUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION DISTINGUISHED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. GENERAL RULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. General Rules for Most Civil Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Actions Involving Both Diversity and a Federal Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Special Venue Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C. RESIDENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Individuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Unincorporated Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. VENUE IN LOCAL ACTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
E. IMPROPER VENUE MAY BE WAIVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F. TRANSFER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Original Venue Proper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Effect of Forum Selection Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Original Venue Improper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Original Court Lacks Personal Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G. LAW APPLICABLE UPON TRANSFER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Original Venue Proper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Original Venue Improper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
33
33
33
33
33
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
35
35
35
35
35
35
V.
REMOVAL JURISDICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. ORIGINAL JURISDICTION NECESSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. When . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Federal Defense Insufficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. State Court Need Not Have Had Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. ONLY DEFENDANT MAY REMOVE; ALL MUST SEEK REMOVAL . . . . . . . .
C. VENUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. DEFENDANT MAY REMOVE SEPARATE AND INDEPENDENT FEDERAL
QUESTION CLAIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
E. DISMISSAL OF NONDIVERSE PARTY ALLOWS REMOVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Limitations on Removal in Diversity of Citizenship Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Defendant Citizen of Forum State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. One Year Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F. PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Notice of Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Thirty Day Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Procedure After Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Right to Jury Trial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Demand for Jury Trial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Demand Not Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
37
37
37
37
38
38
38
38
39
39
39
5.
Remand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Subject Matter Jurisdiction Generally Considered First . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G. SPECIFIC TYPES OF ACTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Removable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Nonremovable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. All Writs Act Not a Basis for Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
39
39
39
40
40
40
40
40
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
43
43
43
43
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
45
45
45
45
45
46
46
46
VI.
40
41
41
41
41
a.
b.
c.
d.
46
46
47
47
47
47
47
47
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
50
50
50
50
50
50
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
52
52
52
52
53
53
53
53
54
54
3) Effect of Judgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a) Personal Jurisdiction Over Absent Class Members Not
Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a) Notice Required in Common Question Suits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) Notice Discretionary in Other Types of Class Action Suits . . . . .
5) Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a) Diversity Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) Federal Question Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) Court Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a) Notice of Dismissal or Settlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) Procedures for Settlements of Class Action Suits . . . . . . . . . . . .
(1) Opt Out Provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c) Appeal of Approval of Settlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Appeal of Class Action Certification Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d. Class Action Fairness Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1) Subject Matter Jurisdiction Under the CAFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Removal Under the CAFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Excluded Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a) Primary Defendants Are States or Governmental Entities . . . . .
b) Claims Based on Securities Laws or Regarding Corporate
Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Local Considerations May Defeat Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a) Mandatory Decline of Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) Discretionary Decline of Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Protections Under the CAFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a) Coupon Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) Protection Against Loss by Class Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c) Protection Against Discrimination Based on Geographic
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d) Notification of Federal and State Officials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
e. Shareholder Derivative Suits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1) Minority Shareholder Allegations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Corporation Named as Defendant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Jurisdictional Amount and Venue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Court Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
f. Interpleader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1) Purpose Is to Avoid Double Liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Rights of Plaintiff Stakeholder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a) Rule 22 Interpleader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) Federal Interpleader Statute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
g. Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1) Intervention of Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Permissive Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Caveat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
h. Third-Party Practice (Impleader) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1) Claims for Indemnity or Contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
57
57
57
57
57
57
57
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
61
61
61
61
62
62
62
62
62
62
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
68
68
68
68
68
68
69
69
69
69
69
69
70
70
70
70
71
71
71
71
71
71
72
72
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
74
74
74
75
75
75
75
75
75
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
77
IX.
77
77
77
77
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
80
80
80
80
80
80
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
82
82
82
82
82
82
83
83
83
83
83
83
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
85
85
85
85
85
86
86
86
87
87
INTRODUCTION
This outline is designed to acquaint you with commonly tested areas within the fields of federal jurisdiction and procedure. These are: personal jurisdiction, subject matter jurisdiction, venue, discovery,
pleading and motion practice, and joinder of multiple parties.
A. PERSONAL JURISDICTION
Personal jurisdiction refers to the ability of a court to exercise power over a particular defendant
or item of property. It may be categorized as in personam, in rem, or quasi in rem. The primary
limitations on a courts power to exercise personal jurisdiction are found in the United States
Constitution and state statutes.
B. SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION
The subject matter jurisdiction of the federal courts is limited to that authorized by the Constitution as implemented by federal statute and decisional law. In general, it may be categorized as
follows:
1.
Removal Jurisdiction
Removal jurisdiction allows defendants to remove an action brought in a state court to a
federal court if the federal court would have had original jurisdiction over the action.
4. Supplemental Jurisdiction
The doctrine of supplemental jurisdiction is codified under section 1367 and includes, under
a single name, the concepts of ancillary and pendent jurisdiction. In any form, supplemental jurisdiction allows a federal court to entertain certain claims over which it would
have no independent basis of subject matter jurisdiction, i.e., claims that do not satisfy diversity or federal question jurisdiction requirements. It is important to note that supplemental
jurisdiction operates only after a claim has invoked federal subject matter jurisdiction, after
the case is properly in federal court. Supplemental jurisdiction operates to bring additional
claims into that case that arise from the same transaction or occurrence as the original claim,
but it cannot be used to get the case into federal court in the first instance.
C. VENUE
Venue is the designation of the proper district in which to bring an action. Venue will depend on
the nature of the jurisdiction (i.e., whether federal question or diversity of citizenship), and on the
nature of the parties (i.e., whether corporate or natural persons).
D. DISCOVERY
Discovery issues principally revolve around the scope of the examination allowed in discovery,
the uses of depositions at trial, and the available methods of enforcing discovery rights.
E. MULTIPLE PARTIES
Multiple party questions concern whether various types of joinder are permitted under federal law
and, if so, whether there is a jurisdictional basis for a particular attempted joinder. The majority
of the issues that arise in this area are grounded in the interpretation or application of statutes and
the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (Federal Rules), and also require knowledge of subject
matter jurisdictional bases, especially supplemental jurisdiction.
I. PERSONAL JURISDICTION
A. OVERVIEW
There are two branches of jurisdiction: subject matter jurisdiction and personal jurisdiction.
Subject matter jurisdiction involves the courts power over a particular type of case. Personal
jurisdiction involves the ability of a court having subject matter jurisdiction to exercise power
over a particular defendant or item of property. This section discusses personal jurisdiction.
1.