DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING USING

SMART BIOMETRIC SOLUTIONS

ABSTRACT which are specially

Biomet designed single-chip

rics is the science of digital microcomputers

measuring and statistically that process electrical

analyzing biological data. signals generated by

In information technology, electronic sensors (e.g.,

biometrics refers to the use cameras, fingerprint

of a person’s biological sensors, microphones,

characteristics for personal etc.), will help to

identification and revolutionize this world of

authentication. biometrics. The core of the

Fingerprint, iris-scan, biometric authentication

retinal-scan, voiceprint, process is made up of

signature, handprint and image processing and

facial features are some of pattern matching or

the most common types of minutiae comparison

human biometrics. algorithms. And the

Digital programmable DSP, with

signal processors (DSPs), an architecture well-suited

for implementing complex

mathematical algorithms,

can efficiently address all

the processing needs of

such a system. 1.Introduction

Imagine how
The following
convenient it would be to
information introduces the activate the security alarm
concept of a complete at your home with the
touch of a finger, or to
biometrics system solution
enter your home by just
based on semiconductor placing your hand on the
components, development door handle. How would
you like to walk up to a
tools, and software
nearby ATM which will
solutions. Additionally, the scan your iris so you can
various concepts that withdraw money without
ever inserting a card or
outline the inherent
entering a PIN. You will
advantages of a DSP in a basically be able to gain
biometric system - better access to everything you
are authorized to, by
accuracy, faster
presenting yourself as your
recognition and lower cost, identity.
all leading to smarter This
scenario might not be as
biometrics - will also be
far off as we might expect.
covered. In the near future, we may
no longer use passwords
and PIN numbers to
authenticate ourselves. infrastructure against some
These methods have of these threats. After all,
proven to be insecure and physical characteristics are
unsafe time and time not something that can be
again. Technology has lost, forgotten or passed
introduced a much smarter from one person to
solution to us: Biometrics. another. They are
Biometrics, the extremely hard to forge
use of a person’sunique and a would-be criminal
biological characteristics would think twice before
(such as face, voice, or committing a crime
fingerprints) for personal involving biometrics.
identification. The
advantages of biometrics
are becoming more
apparent with the
increasing use of
computers in our daily life.
As cyber crime increases,
the need for security
against identity theft
becomes more and more
apparent. Add to this the
ever-increasing threat to
personal, corporate and
government assets, the
need for better forms of
security is obvious.
Biometric
authentication will help in 2.Biometrics System
enhancing the security
 The Add software
four basic elements of a solutions and development
typical biometric system tools to the broad spectrum
are: sensing, processing, of DSP and analog
storage and interface to an components available from
existing infrastructure TI and you have a supplier
with the most complete
system solution offering
(see Figure 3). A wide
array of eXpressDSP™-
compliant software and
hardware development
tools are available for all
DSP platform.

For
biometrics, specific
developments tools like
fingerprint development
3.Complete System kits, software drivers and
Solution
multiple algorithms for
fingerprint verification, few) and as a trusted
speaker verification and network device for
signature verification are identification
available today from third
Secure Standalone
parties.
Device

A secure
4. DSP for Secure and standalone device is one
Trusted Biometrics where all the functions of
Today’s authentication are carried
biometric systems are out within the confines of
based mainly on the embedded processor
interfacing the sensing and the result is
element with a personal communicated or
computer. The sensors are displayed along with
generally networked to a control signals to deny or
computer server to service grant access to the secured
unlimited users and asset. The original enrolled
multiple access points. The template or pattern is
cost of using PCs is either stored in the
prohibitive and the memory within the
communication link product or on a smart card
between the sensor and the which is carried on the
PC/server could be a major user’s person. In a secure
cause for concern with standalone device, the
regards to security and captured image is
privacy. A biometrics transferred to the
solution based on DSPs embedded processor
can function both as a (DSP) which then
secure standalone device converts/encodes the
for recognition (1:1 or 1: analog video stream into a
digital image for camera then be enhanced with one
based biometrics like or more functions like
facial, and iris/retinal histogram equalization,
recognition. The encoding filtering
can then be done on the Trusted Network
DSP using off-the-shelf Device
encoding software A trusted
available for the TI DSP network device is one in
(MPEG2, JPEG, etc). which the captured
With fingerprint biometric can be extracted
recognition, no encoding is into a template (in the case
required as the output of of minutiae) or encoded
the sensor module is a and compressed (in the
grayscale bitmap image. In case of image patterns)
the case of optical sensors, and then encrypted before
analog front-end being transmitted to a
components like amplifiers computing
and analog-to-digital server on which the
converters may be needed matching against a
to generate the bitmap. database of
templates/patterns is
carried out as part of the
identification process.
In the case of a
networked identification
system (like access to PCs
in a LAN or WAN or POS
terminals connected to a
credit processing
network), there are
After the capture (and
multiple access points and
encoding), the image can
the user needs to be
identified amongst a
database of users as an
authorized user. To secure
such a network, the access
point that is the source of
the live biometric data
being presented needs to
be a trusted point of
access.
First, encrypting the
extracted template or the
With the use of an
captured image and
embedded DSP in the
transmitting this encrypted
trusted network device, all
data to the remote server
the functions of a secure
using a public key
standalone device
infrastructure can help
mentioned above can be
establish this trust. This
implemented excluding the
can help ensure that the
matching step and still
biometric data presented
have performance
for a match is not a digital
headroom to execute
file of a bitmap image
software encryption (e.g.,
being fed into the system
3DES, RSA1024, etc.)
by hacking or breaking
algorithm
into the communication
5.Biometric System
link between the access
Examples
point and the database
The following
server.
sections provide examples
of the TMS320C5509
DSP-based biometric
fingerprint solution and
the TMS320DM642™ and logic components like
DMP-based biometric universal bus transceivers
smart camera. and NAND gates are the
other hardware
components from TI used
to build a standalone
fingerprint system with
serial interface.
TMS320VC55 DSP-
Additionally, third party
Based Biometric
Fingerprint Solution: software solutions for
An example
image enhancement and
fingerprint biometric
matching are available to
system based on
complete the system
TMS320C5509 DSP is
solution.
shown in Figure 6
If this design is
used in a computer mouse
or keyboard, the internal
USB slave port can be
used as the interface to the
PC. If it is networked to a
server managing multiple
fingerprint access
modules, the designer can
make use of the RS485
component (SN65XXX
and SN75XXX) or use a
In addition to
10/100 Ethernet interface
the DSP, the TPSXXX
connected to the external
power management,
memory bus on the DSP.
TL16C550C UART,
If the application requires
MAX232 serial driver
wireless connectivity then
(RS232), standard linear
the system developer can TMS320DM642 digital
opt to use an RFID media processor. The
component (low DM642 processor is made
frequency, Tag-It™ high up of the C64x DSP core
frequency and encrypted coupled with video ports,
transponders and readers) 10/100 EMAC controller
for contact less smart card and a 66 MHz PCI bus in
solutions. addition to standard
TMS320DM642,,,DMP- peripherals.
Based Biometric Smart The facial image
Camera capture can be carried out
either from a snapshot
(CCD combined with data
converter) or streaming
video image (external
camera source via
TVPXXXX video
decoders) as the video
ports on the DM642 are
configurable. One of the
three video ports on the
DM642 can be configured
to output the image to a
display/monitor.
Figure 7 illustrates a In addition to
Biometric Smart Camera the on-chip 10/100
module that can be used as Ethernet MAC controller
a digital surveillance and the 66 MHz PCI bus
camera or as part of a that provide flexibility in
facial recognition system terms of interface options,
based on the TI supports independent or
integrated FireWire™ 1. www.encyclopedi
IEEE1394 ICs a.thefreedictionar
(TSB43XXXX -
y.com
integrated, TSB12XXXX -
2.
link layer and
TSB14XXXX – physical www.howstuffworks.c
layer) om
3. www.google.com
4.
www.instrumentatione
ws.com

Conclusion
Using DSP as the
embedded processor of
choice for enabling smart
biometric systems can
provide the following
advantages:
• Fast, accurate, secure and
trusted authentication
• Enable new applications
with one scalable design
• Reduce overall cost of
development

References