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BULLETIN OF YALE UNIVERSITY

New Haven ct 06520-8227
Yale College
Programs of Study
Fall and Spring Terms
20152016
Yale College Programs of Study 20152016

Series 111 Number 9 August 1, 2015
BULLETIN OF YALE UNIVERSITY Series 111 Number 9 August 1, 2015(USPS 078-500)

is published seventeen times a year (one time in May and October; three times in
June and September; four times in July; five times in August) by Yale University,
2 Whitney Avenue, New Haven CT 0651o. Periodicals postage paid at New Haven,
Connecticut.
Postmaster: Send address changes to Bulletin of Yale University,
PO Box 208227, New Haven CT 06520-8227
Managing Editor: Kimberly M. Go-Crews
Editor: Lesley K. Baier
The closing date for material in this bulletin was May 1, 2015.
The University reserves the right to withdraw or modify the courses of instruction
or to change the instructors at any time.
2015 by Yale University. All rights reserved. The material in this bulletin may not
be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form, whether in print or electronic media,
without written permission from Yale University.
Printed on recycled paper. Text printed in Canada.
Mission Statement of Yale College The mission of Yale College is to seek

exceptionally promising students of all backgrounds from across the nation and
around the world and to educate them, through mental discipline and social experience, to develop their intellectual, moral, civic, and creative capacities to the fullest.
The aim of this education is the cultivation of citizens with a rich awareness of our
heritage to lead and serve in every sphere of human activity.
The University is committed to basing judgments concerning the admission, education, and employment of individuals upon their qualifications and abilities and
armatively seeks to attract to its faculty, sta, and student body qualified persons of
diverse backgrounds. In accordance with this policy and as delineated by federal and
Connecticut law, Yale does not discriminate in admissions, educational programs, or
employment against any individual on account of that individuals sex, race, color,
religion, age, disability, status as a protected veteran, or national or ethnic origin;
nor does Yale discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity or
expression.
University policy is committed to armative action under law in employment
of women, minority group members, individuals with disabilities, and protected
veterans.
Inquiries concerning these policies may be referred to Valarie Stanley, Director of the Oce for Equal Opportunity Programs, 221 Whitney Avenue, 3rd Floor,
203.432.0849. For additional information, see www.yale.edu/equalopportunity.
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 protects people from sex discrimination in educational programs and activities at institutions that receive federal financial
assistance. Questions regarding Title IX may be referred to the Universitys Title IX
Coordinator, Stephanie Spangler, at 203.432.4446 or at titleix@yale.edu, or to the
U.S. Department of Education, Oce for Civil Rights, 8th Floor, 5 Post Oce Square,
Boston MA 02109-3921; tel. 617.289.0111, fax 617.289.0150, TDD 800.877.8339, or
ocr.boston@ed.gov.
In accordance with federal and state law, the University maintains information on
security policies and procedures and prepares an annual campus security and fire
safety report containing three years worth of campus crime statistics and security
policy statements, fire safety information, and a description of where students, faculty, and sta should go to report crimes. The fire safety section of the annual report
contains information on current fire safety practices and any fires that occurred within
on-campus student housing facilities. Upon request to the Oce of the Deputy Vice
President for Human Resources and Administration, PO Box 208322, 2 Whitney
Avenue, Suite 810, New Haven CT 06520-8322, 203.432.8049, the University will
provide this information to any applicant for admission, or prospective students and
employees may visit http://publicsafety.yale.edu.
In accordance with federal law, the University prepares an annual report on participation rates, financial support, and other information regarding mens and womens
intercollegiate athletic programs. Upon request to the Director of Athletics, PO Box
208216, New Haven CT 06520-8216, 203.432.1414, the University will provide its
annual report to any student or prospective student. The Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act (EADA) report is also available online at http://ope.ed.gov/athletics.
For all other matters related to admission to Yale College, please write to the Oce of Undergraduate Admissions, Yale University, PO Box 208234, New Haven CT 06520-8234;
telephone, 203.432.9300; Web site, http://admissions.yale.edu.
Yale Universitys Web site is www.yale.edu; the Yale College Programs of Study is online
at http://catalog.yale.edu/ycps.
Yale College
Programs of Study
20152016

Contents
Key to Course Listings 6
Building Abbreviations 7
Yale College Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines
Yale College Administrative Officers 12
Final Examination Schedules 14
Subject Abbreviations 15
A Message from the Dean of Yale College 17
I. Yale College 18
The Undergraduate Curriculum 18
Distributional Requirements 19
Major Programs 22
The Residential Colleges 23
International Experience 24
Yale Summer Session 25
Special Programs 26
Honors 31
Miscellaneous 32
II. Academic Regulations 33
A. Requirements for the B.A. or B.S. Degree 33
B. Grades 40
C. Course Credits and Course Loads 44
D. Promotion and Good Standing 46
E. Registration and Enrollment in Courses 47
F. Withdrawal from Courses 50
G. Reading Period and Final Examination Period 52
H. Completion of Course Work 54
I. Academic Penalties and Restrictions 58
J. Leave of Absence, Withdrawal, and Reinstatement 59
K. Special Arrangements 65
L. Transfer Students 75
M. Eli Whitney Students Program 77
N. Nondegree Students Program 79
O. Credit from Other Universities 81
P. Acceleration Policies 84
Q. Amendments 89
III. Subjects of Instruction 90
Majors in Yale College 90
Accounting 92
Aerospace Studies 92
African American Studies 94
African Studies 99
American Studies 107
Anthropology 118
Applied Mathematics 129
Applied Physics 134
Archaeological Studies 137

Architecture 143
Art 150
Astronomy 160
Biology 166
Biomedical Engineering 167
British Studies 172
Chemical Engineering 173
Chemistry 178
Child Study Center 190
Classics 192
Cognitive Science 202
College Seminars 210
Computer Science 210
Computer Science and Mathematics 219
Computer Science and Psychology 220
Computing and the Arts 221
DeVane Lecture Course 224
Directed Studies 224
East Asian Languages and Literatures 225
East Asian Studies 233
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 241
Economics 249
Economics and Mathematics 262
Education Studies 263
Electrical Engineering 265
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 273
Energy Studies 275
Engineering 275
Engineering and Applied Science 276
English Language and Literature 279
Environment 299
Environmental Engineering 299
Environmental Studies 303
Ethics, Politics, and Economics 311
Ethnicity, Race, and Migration 322
Film and Media Studies 333
Forestry and Environmental Studies 342
French 344
Freshman Seminar Program 352
Geology and Geophysics 359
German Studies 369
Germanic Languages and Literatures 369
Global Affairs 377
Global Health Studies 385
Hellenic Studies 393
History 394
History of Art 418
History of Science, Medicine, and Public Health 425
Human Rights 430
Humanities 431
Italian 437
Judaic Studies 442
Latin American Studies 446
Linguistics 455
Literature 464
Mathematics 476
Mathematics and Philosophy 486
Mathematics and Physics 487
Mechanical Engineering 488
Media Theory and History 494
Modern Middle East Studies 495
Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry 501
Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology
Music 521
Naval Science 532
Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations 535
Philosophy 544
Physics 551
Physics and Geosciences 560
Physics and Philosophy 561
Political Science 561
Portuguese 579
Psychology 582
Public Health 593
Religious Studies 594
Russian and East European Studies 600
Science 604
Slavic Languages and Literatures 604
Sociology 611
South Asian Studies 620
Southeast Asia Studies 627
Spanish 630
Special Divisional Majors 636
Statistics 639
Study of the City 643
Theater Studies 643
Urban Studies 652
Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies 652
The Work of Yale University 662
Index 664
Map of Yale University 670
507
Key to Course Listings

AFAM
Course subjects are listed by three- or four-letter abbreviations in

capitals. See the complete list of Subject Abbreviations.
MATH 112a or b
The letters a and b after a course number denote fall- and springterm courses, respectively. A course designated a or b is the same course
given in both terms.
Staff
Multiple course instructors are commonly listed as Staff. Refer to

Online Course Information (http://students.yale.edu/oci) for individual
section instructors.
Prerequisite:
MATH 112
Prerequisites and recommendations are listed at the end of the course

description.
L5, HU
Foreign language courses are designated L1 (first term of language

study), L2 (second term), L3 (third term), L4 (fourth term), or L5
(beyond the fourth term). Other distributional designations are QR,
WR, HU, SC, and SO, representing quantitative reasoning, writing,
humanities and arts, science, and social science, respectively. See
Distributional Requirements under Requirements for the B.A. or
B.S. Degree (http://catalog.yale.edu/ycps/academic-regulations/
requirements-for-ba-bs-degree/) in the Academic Regulations.
Course cr
Most courses earn one course credit per term; variations are noted.
RP
A course designated RP meets during the reading period. See Reading

Period and Final Examination Period (http://catalog.yale.edu/ycps/
academic-regulations/reading-period-final-examination-period/) in the
Academic Regulations.
[ASTR 320]
Courses in brackets are not offered during the current year but are
expected to be given in the succeeding academic year.
*HIST 012
A student must obtain the instructors permission before taking a course

marked by a star. All seminars are starred.
ITAL 310/LITR 183
A course with multiple titles, i.e., with two or more departments in the
title line, counts toward the major in each department where it appears.
TR
The abbreviation TR denotes a literature course with readings in

translation.
English: Pre-1900 Lit
Courses with department-specific designations are applied toward the

requirements of certain majors. See the program descriptions of the
relevant majors.
HIST 130Jb, MCDB

201Lb
A capital J or L following the course number denotes a History

departmental seminar or a science laboratory, respectively.
Cognitive Science
Courses: ECON 159
Related courses appear in departments other than their own (e.g.,

ECON 159 might be listed under Cognitive Science). Such courses may
count toward the major of the relating department.
Building Abbreviations
AKW
BASS
BASSLB
BCMM
BCT
BK
BM
BML
BR
BRBL
C
CC
CRB
CSC
D
DAVIES
DC
DL
DOW
EAL
EM
ES
ESC
EVANS
F
GML
GRN
HGS
JE
JWG
K
KBT
KCL
KGL
KRN
L
LC
Arthur K. Watson Hall

Bass Center for Molecular and
Structural Biology
Bass Library
Boyer Center for Molecular
Medicine
Becton Engineering and Applied
Science Center
Berkeley College
Charles W. Bingham Hall
Brady Memorial Laboratory
Branford College
Beinecke Rare Book and
Manuscript Library
Connecticut Hall
Calhoun College
Class of 1954 Chemistry Research
Building
Child Study Center
Durfee Hall
Davies Auditorium, Becton
Center
Davenport College
Dunham Laboratory
Dow Hall
Electron Accelerator Laboratory
Edwin McClellan Hall
Ezra Stiles College
Class of 1954 Environmental
Science Center
Edward P. Evans Hall
Farnam Hall
Greeley Memorial Laboratory
Holcombe T. Green, Jr., Hall
Hall of Graduate Studies
Jonathan Edwards College
Josiah Willard Gibbs Research
Laboratories
Kirtland Hall
Kline Biology Tower
Kline Chemistry Laboratory
Kline Geology Laboratory
Kroon Hall
Lawrance Hall
Linsly-Chittenden Hall
LEPH
Laboratory of Epidemiology and

Public Health
LFOP
Leitner Observatory and
Planetarium
LGH
Abby and Mitch Leigh Hall
LOM
Leet Oliver Memorial Hall
LORIA
Jeffrey H. Loria Center
LUCE
Henry R. Luce Hall
LWR
Lanman-Wright Memorial Hall
MC
Morse College
MEC
Malone Engineering Center
ML
Mason Laboratory
OML
Osborn Memorial Laboratories
PC
Pierson College
PH
Phelps Hall
PM
Peabody Museum of Natural
History
PWG
Payne Whitney Gymnasium
RDH
Rudolph Hall
RKZ
Rosenkranz Hall
SB
Sage Hall
SCL
Sterling Chemistry Laboratory
SDQ
Sterling Divinity Quadrangle
SHM
Sterling Hall of Medicine
SLB
Sterling Law Building
SM
Silliman College
SMH
Sprague Memorial Hall
SML
Sterling Memorial Library
SPL
Sloane Physics Laboratory
SSS
Sheffield-Sterling-Strathcona
Hall
STOECK Stoeckel Hall
SY
Saybrook College
TAC
The Anlyan Center
TC
Trumbull College
TD
Timothy Dwight College
UT
University Theatre
V
Vanderbilt Hall
W
Welch Hall
WL
Wright Laboratory
WL-W
Wright Laboratory West
WLH
William L. Harkness Hall
WTS
Watson Center
YCBA
Yale Center for British Art
YUAG
Yale University Art Gallery
Yale College Calendar with

Pertinent Deadlines
This calendar includes a partial summary of deadlines given in the Academic
Regulations (p. 33) and in the Yale College online publication Undergraduate
Regulations (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/campus-life/undergraduate-regulations).
Unless otherwise specified, references are to sections in the Academic Regulations, and
deadlines fall at 5 p.m.
Fall Term 2015

Aug. 26 W
Residences open to upperclassmen, 9 a.m.
Aug. 28 F
Residences open to freshmen, 9 a.m.

Required registration meetings for freshmen.
Sept. 1
Required registration meetings for upperclassmen.
Sept. 2
Fall-term classes begin, 8:20 a.m.
Sept. 4
Friday classes do not meet; Monday classes meet instead.
Sept. 7
Labor Day; classes do not meet.
Sept. 11 F
Final deadline to apply for a fall-term Leave of Absence. See Leave of

Absence, Withdrawal, and Reinstatement (p. 59).
Withdrawal from Yale College on or before this date entitles a student to a
full rebate of fall-term tuition. See Undergraduate Regulations.
Sept. 16 W
Final course schedules due for the Classes of 2018 and 2019.*
Sept. 17 TH Final course schedules due for the Classes of 2016 and 2017.*
All students planning to complete degree requirements at the end of
the fall term must file a petition by this date. See Special Arrangements
(p. 68).
Sept. 25 F
Last day to withdraw from a course offered in the first half of the term
without the course appearing on the transcript. See Withdrawal from
Courses (p. 50) and Grades (p. 40).
Sept. 26 S

rebate of one-half of fall-term tuition. See Undergraduate Regulations.
Oct. 9
Last day to convert from the Credit/D/Fail option to a letter grade in a

course offered in the first half of the term. See Grades (p. 40).
Oct. 14
Deadline to complete applications for financial aid for the 2016 spring
term, for students not enrolled in the 2015 fall term. See Undergraduate
Regulations.
Oct. 15
TH Deadline to apply for a spring-term 2016 Term Abroad. See Special

Arrangements (p. 65).
Oct. 16
Last day to withdraw from a course offered in the first half of the term.
See Withdrawal from Courses (p. 50) and Grades (p. 40).
Oct. 19
Classes begin for courses offered in the second half of the term.
Oct. 20
October recess begins, 11 p.m.
Oct. 26
Classes resume, 8:20 a.m.
Oct. 30
Midterm.
Last day to withdraw from a full-term course without the course
appearing on the transcript. See Withdrawal from Courses (p. 50)
and Grades (p. 40).
Deadline to apply for double credit in a single-credit course. See Special
rebate of one-quarter of the terms tuition. See Undergraduate Regulations.
Nov. 13

full-term course. See Grades (p. 40).
Last day to withdraw from a course offered in the second half of the term
Nov. 20 F
November recess begins, 5:30 p.m.
Nov. 30 M

Last day to relinquish on-campus housing for the spring term without
charge. See Undergraduate Regulations.
Dec. 4

course offered in the second half of the term. See Grades (p. 40).
Dec. 11
Classes end, 5:30 p.m.; reading period begins.

Last day to withdraw from a full-term course or a course offered in the
second half of the term. See Withdrawal from Courses (p. 50) and
Grades (p. 40).
Dec. 16
Reading period ends.

Deadline for all course assignments, other than term papers and term
projects. This deadline can be extended only by a Temporary Incomplete
authorized by the students residential college dean.
Dec. 17
TH Final examinations begin, 9 a.m.
Dec. 22
Examinations end, 5:30 p.m.; winter recess begins.

Deadline for all term papers and term projects. This deadline can be
extended only by a Temporary Incomplete authorized by the student's
residential college dean.
Dec. 23
Residences close, 12 noon.
Spring Term 2016

Jan. 13
Residences open, 9 a.m.
Jan. 18
Martin Luther King Jr. Day; classes do not meet.

Required freshman registration meetings, 9 p.m.
Jan. 19
Spring-term classes begin, 8:20 a.m.

Upperclassmen pick up registration materials by 5 p.m. in their residential
college dean's office.
Jan. 22
Friday classes do not meet; Monday classes meet instead.
Jan. 27
Final course schedules due for the Class of 2019.*
10
Jan. 28
TH Final course schedules due for the Classes of 2017 and 2018.*
Final deadline to apply for a spring-term Leave of Absence. See Leave of
Absence, Withdrawal, and Reinstatement (p. 59).
full rebate of spring-term tuition. See Undergraduate Regulations.
Jan. 29
Final course schedules due for the Class of 2016.*

Last day for students in the Class of 2016 to petition for permission to
complete the requirements of two majors.
Feb. 5
Last day to withdraw from a course offered in the first half of the term
Feb. 12

rebate of one-half of spring-term tuition. See Undergraduate Regulations.
course offered in the first half of the term. See Grades (p. 40).
Feb. 26
Last day to withdraw from a course offered in the first half of the term.
See Withdrawal from Courses (p. 50) and Grades (p. 40).
Mar. 2
Classes begin for courses offered in the second half of the term.
Mar. 5
Deadline to apply for a fall-term 2016 Term Abroad or a 20162017 Year

Abroad. See Special Arrangements (p. 65).
Mar. 11
Midterm.
Spring recess begins, 5:30 p.m.
Last day to withdraw from a full-term course without the course
appearing on the transcript. See Withdrawal from Courses (p. 50)
and Grades (p. 40).
Deadline to apply for double credit in a single-credit course. See Special
rebate of one-quarter of the terms tuition. See Undergraduate Regulations.
Mar. 28 M
Apr. 8
Last day to convert from the Credit/D/Fail option in a full-term course to

a letter grade. See Grades (p. 40).
Last day to withdraw from a course offered in the second half of the term
Apr. 22

course offered in the second half of the term. See Grades (p. 40).
Apr. 29
Classes end, 5:30 p.m.; reading period begins.

Last day to withdraw from a full-term course or a course offered in the
second half of the term. See Withdrawal from Courses (p. 50) and
Grades (p. 40).
May 1
SU
Applications for fall-term Leaves of Absence due. See Leave of Absence,

Withdrawal, and Reinstatement (p. 59).
May 5
TH Reading period ends.

Deadline for all course assignments, other than term papers and term
projects. This deadline can be extended only by a Temporary Incomplete
authorized by the students residential college dean.
May 6
Final examinations begin, 9 a.m.
May 11
Examinations end, 5:30 p.m.

Deadline for all term papers and term projects. This deadline can be
extended only by a Temporary Incomplete authorized by the student's
residential college dean.
May 12
TH Residences close for underclassmen, 12 noon.
May 13
Deadline to complete applications for financial aid for the fall and spring
terms, 20162017. See Undergraduate Regulations.
May 23
University Commencement.
May 24
Residences close for seniors, 12 noon.
Late schedules from all classes are fined and may not include the Credit/D/Fail
option. See Grades and Registration and Enrollment in Courses (p. 47).
Please note that examinations will be held on Saturdays and Sundays, December
19 and 20 and May 7 and 8.
11
Yale College Administrative

Officers
Administrative Officers
Peter Salovey, Ph.D., President of the University
Benjamin Polak, Ph.D., Provost of the University
Jonathan Holloway, Ph.D., Dean of Yale College
Tamar S. Gendler, Ph.D., Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences
Joseph W. Gordon, Ph.D., Deputy Dean; Dean of Undergraduate Education
Jane Edwards, Ph.D., Senior Associate Dean; Dean of International and Professional
Experience
Burgwell Howard, M.Ed., Senior Associate Dean; Dean of Student Engagement
Mark J. Schenker, Ph.D., Senior Associate Dean; Dean of Academic Affairs
Pamela Schirmeister, Ph.D., Senior Associate Dean for Special Projects
Susan E. Cahan, Ph.D., Associate Dean for the Arts
Jeanne Follansbee, Ph.D., Associate Dean; Dean of Yale Summer Session
Petronella Van Deusen-Scholl, Ph.D., Associate Dean for Foreign Language Education;
Director of the Center for Language Study
Melanie Boyd, Ph.D., Assistant Dean of Student Affairs; Special Adviser to the Dean on
Gender Issues
Ris Nelson, M.A., Assistant Dean, Director of the Afro-American Cultural Center
Jeanine Dames, J.D., Assistant Dean for Career Strategies
Saveena Dhall, Ed.M., Assistant Dean; Director of the Asian American Cultural Center
Kelly N. Fayard, Ph.D., Assistant Dean; Director of the Native American Cultural
Center
Eileen M. Galvez, M.Ed., Assistant Dean; Director of the Latino/a Cultural Center
Pamela Y. George, M.S., Assistant Dean of Academic Affairs
Alfred E. Guy, Jr., Ph.D., Assistant Dean; Director of the Yale College Writing Center
Carl Hashimoto, Ph.D., Assistant Dean; Director of the Science and Quantitative
Reasoning Center
George G. Levesque, Ph.D., Assistant Dean of Academic Affairs; Director of the
Seminar Office
Kelly McLaughlin, M.A., Assistant Dean for Assessment
Angela Gleason, Ph.D., Title IX Coordinator
Gabriel G. Olszewski, M.A., University Registrar
David P. Zupko, M.Ed., Deputy University Registrar
Laurie H. Ongley, Ph.D., Communications Manager for Student and Faculty
Administrative Services
Yale College Administrative Officers
Deans of the Residential Colleges

Berkeley College, Mia Reinoso Genoni, Ph.D.
Branford College, Sarah E. Insley, Ph.D.
Calhoun College, April M. Ruiz, Ph.D.
Davenport College, Ryan A. Brasseaux, Ph.D.
Timothy Dwight College, Sarah Mahurin, Ph.D.
Jonathan Edwards College, Joseph C. Spooner, Ph.D.
Morse College, Joel Silverman, Ph.D.
Pierson College, Amerigo Fabbri, Ph.D.
Saybrook College, Christine M. Muller, Ph.D.
Silliman College, Jessie Royce Hill, M.S.
Ezra Stiles College, Camille Lizarribar, J.D., Ph.D.
Trumbull College, Jasmina Besirevic-Regan, Ph.D.
Admissions and Financial Aid Officers

Jeremiah Quinlan, M.B.A., Dean of Undergraduate Admissions
Margit A. Dahl, B.A., Director of Undergraduate Admissions
Caesar Storlazzi, M.M., University Director of Financial Aid
Diane Frey, B.A., Director of Student Financial Services Center
Kerry Worsencroft, B.S., Director of Student Financial Services Operations
13
Final Examination Schedules

Rules governing the conduct of final examinations are given under Reading Period and
Final Examination Period (p. 52).
An examination group number is assigned to every course. Examination group
assignments are based on course meeting times, according to the following scheme.
Hours shown are the times at which courses begin:
(31)
(32)
M, W, or F, 8:20 a.m.
M, W, or F, 9 or 9:25 a.m.
(22)
T or Th, 9 or 9:25 a.m.
(33)
(34)
(36)
(37)
M, W, or F, 10:30 a.m.
M, W, or F, 11:35 a.m.
M, W, or F, 1 or 1:30 p.m.
M, W, or F, after 2 p.m.
(23)
(24)
(26)
(27)
T or Th, 10:30 a.m.

T or Th, 11:35 a.m.
T or Th, 1 or 1:30 p.m.
T or Th, after 2 p.m.
Note: With the exception of courses assigned to common examination groups, a change
in class meeting time will alter the examination time.
Courses with multiple sections but a common examination are assigned to an
examination group from (61) to (69). Typical assignments include (but are not
limited to): (61) foreign languages; (63) introductory-level English; (64) introductory
economics; (69) introductory mathematics.
The examination group (50) is assigned to courses whose times are published HTBA,
or whose times belong to more than one of the groups listed above.
Courses in group (0) usually have no regular final examination, concluding instead
with a term essay or other final exercise. Instructors of such courses may schedule a
regular final examination based on the course starting time.
Final examination dates and times for 2015-2016 are:
2015
17 Dec. Th
18 Dec. Fr
19 Dec. Sa
20 Dec. Su
21 Dec. M
22 Dec. Tu
9 a.m.
(36)
(22)
(69)
(32)
(64)
2 p.m.
(34)
(33)
(24)
(26)
(23)
(61)
7 p.m.
(31)
(37)
(27)
(63)
2016
6 May F
7 May Sa
8 May Su
9 May M
10 May Tu
11 May W
9 a.m. 2 p.m.
(27)
(24)
(69)
(33)
(26)
(63)
(61)
(37)
(23)
(64)
(34)
7 p.m.
(32)
(31)
(22)
(36)
A student who in a given term elects two courses with the same examination group
number will be charged $35 for a makeup examination. (See Postponement of Final
Examinations under Completion of Course Work.)
Subject Abbreviations
ACCT
AFAM
AFST
AKKD
AMST
AMTH
ANTH
APHY
ARBC
ARCG
ARCH
ART
ASTR
BENG
BIOL
BNGL
BRST
CENG
CGSC
CHEM
CHLD
CHNS
CLCV
CLSS
CPAR
CPSC
CZEC
DEVN
DRST
DUTC
EALL
EAST
ECON
EDST
E&EB
EENG
EGYP
ENAS
ENGL
ENVE
EP&E
ER&M
EVST
F&ES
FILM
FREN
Accounting
African American Studies
African Studies
Akkadian
American Studies
Applied Mathematics
Anthropology
Applied Physics
Arabic
Archaeological Studies
Architecture
Art
Astronomy
Biomedical Engineering
Biology
Bengali
British Studies
Chemical Engineering
Cognitive Science
Chemistry
Child Study Center
Chinese
Classical Civilization
Classics
Computing and the Arts
Computer Science
Czech
DeVane Lecture Course
Directed Studies
Dutch
East Asian Languages and
Literatures
East Asian Studies
Economics
Education Studies
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Electrical Engineering
Egyptian
Engineering and Applied Science
English Language and Literature
Environmental Engineering
Ethics, Politics, and Economics
Ethnicity, Race, and Migration
Environmental Studies
Forestry & Environmental Studies
Film and Media Studies
French
G&G
Geology and Geophysics
GLBL Global Affairs
GMAN Germanic Languages and
Literatures
GREK Ancient Greek
HEBR Hebrew
HGRN Hungarian
HIST History
HLTH Global Health Studies
HNDI Hindi
HSAR History of Art
HSHM History of Science, Medicine, and
Public Health
HUMS Humanities
INDN Indonesian
ITAL Italian
JAPN Japanese
JDST Judaic Studies
KHMR Khmer
KREN Korean
LAST Latin American Studies
LATN Latin
LING Linguistics
LITR Literature
MATH Mathematics
MB&B Molecular Biophysics and
Biochemistry
MCDB Molecular, Cellular, and
Developmental Biology
MENG Mechanical Engineering
MGRK Modern Greek
MMES Modern Middle East Studies
MTBT Modern Tibetan
MUSI Music
NAVY Naval Science
NELC Near Eastern Languages and
Civilizations
PERS Persian
PHIL Philosophy
PHYS Physics
PLSC Political Science
PLSH Polish
PNJB Punjabi
PORT Portuguese
PSYC Psychology
RLST Religious Studies
ROMN Romanian
16
RSEE
RUSS
SAST
SBCR
SCIE
SKRT
SLAV
SNHL
SOCY
SPAN
SPEC
STAT
STCY
SWAH
TAML
TBTN
THST
TKSH
UKRN
USAF
VIET
WGSS
Russian and East European Studies

Russian
South Asian Studies
Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian
Science
Sanskrit
Slavic Languages and Literatures
Sinhala
Sociology
Spanish
Special Divisional Major
Statistics
Study of the City
Kiswahili
Tamil
Classical Tibetan
Theater Studies
Turkish
Ukrainian
Aerospace Studies
Vietnamese
Womens, Gender, and Sexuality
Studies
WLOF Wolof
YORU Yorb
ZULU isiZulu
A Message from the Dean of

Yale College
We officially call this publication Yale College Programs of Study, but generations of
students and faculty have known it simply as the Blue Book. A compendium of roughly
2,000 courses to be offered in Yale College in 20152016, the Blue Book is a resource to
use. Bookmark pages you wish to return to; browse the subjects that you find yourself
called to. Let the Blue Book be your key to the renowned faculty at Yale, through whose
courses you will develop the intellectual knowledge, skills, and sense of citizenship that
will serve you all the days of your lives.
Of course, a listing of individual courses does not constitute an education. To help
shape that education, we offer you the counsel of faculty and deans and the guiding
principles of our distributional requirements, but in the end we are counting on you
to explore your old passions and new interests in ways that will lead you to become
cultivated citizens of the world. Our expectation is that when you leave Yale, you will
not only have acquired a trained mind, broadened knowledge, and a greater sense of
citizenship; you also will have come to a deeper understanding of the continuing joy of
disciplined learning.
We hope that perusing the pages of this catalog will stir you to consider courses of
study that you had never before imagined and lead you deeper into intellectual worlds
you already have explored. The Blue Book represents the heart and soul of what
the Yale faculty holds in promise for you. It comes to you with our best wishes for a
successful year.
Jonathan Holloway
Dean of Yale College
Edmund S. Morgan Professor of History, African
American Studies, and American Studies
I. Yale College
The Undergraduate Curriculum
Yale College, founded in 1701, is a coeducational undergraduate institution offering
instruction in the liberal arts and sciences to about 5,200 students. The College is the
oldest and the largest school of the University, which also comprises the Graduate
School of Arts and Sciences and ten professional schools.
Yale College offers a liberal arts education, one that aims to cultivate a broadly
informed, highly disciplined intellect without specifying in advance how that intellect
will be used. Such an approach to learning regards college as a phase of exploration, a
place for the exercise of curiosity and an opportunity for the discovery of new interests
and abilities. The College does not seek primarily to train students in the particulars
of a given career, although some students may elect to receive more of that preparation
than others. Instead, its main goal is to instill knowledge and skills that students can
bring to bear in whatever work they eventually choose. This philosophy of education
corresponds with that expressed in the Yale Report of 1828, which draws a distinction
between expanding [the minds] powers, and storing it with knowledge. Acquiring
facts is important, but learning how to think critically and creatively in a variety of ways
takes precedence.
To ensure that study is neither too narrowly focused nor too diffuse, the College
stands behind the principle of distribution of studies as strongly as it supports the
principle of concentration. It requires that study be characterized, particularly in
the earlier years, by a reasonable diversity of subject matter and approach, and in
the later years by concentration in one of the major programs or departments. In
addition, the College requires that all students take courses in certain foundational
skillswriting, quantitative reasoning, and foreign languagethat hold the key to
opportunities in later study and later life. People who fail to develop these skills at an
early stage unknowingly limit their futures. In each skill, students are required to travel
some further distance from where they were in high school for the reason that these
competences mature and deepen. The best high school writer is still not the writer he
or she could be; students who do not use their mathematics or foreign language skills
in college commonly lose abilities they once had, and can graduate knowing less than
when they arrived.
In a time of increasing globalization, both academic study of the international world
and firsthand experience of foreign cultures are crucial. No Yale College student can
afford to remain ignorant of the forces that shape our world. Yale College urges all of its
students to consider a summer, a term, or a year abroad sometime during their college
careers.
A student working toward a bachelors degree takes four or five courses each term,
and normally receives the B.A. or B.S. degree after completing thirty-six term courses
or their equivalent in eight terms of enrollment. To balance structure with latitude,
and to achieve a balance of breadth and depth, a candidate for the bachelors degree
I. Yale College
19
is required, in completing the thirty-six term courses, to fulfill the distributional

requirements described in this bulletin as well as the requirements of a major program.
Advising
What students ultimately take away from their four years at Yale largely depends on
the careful planning they apply to their programs of study. It would be premature
and unrealisticfor beginning students to map out a fixed schedule of courses for the
subsequent four years, yet it is advisable that they think ahead and make plans for the
terms to come. There will be time and opportunity for students to revise such plans as
their academic ideas develop.
Yale College does not prescribe a set program of study, in the belief that students
who select their own courses are inevitably more engaged with them. As students
shape their educational goals it is important that they seek informed advice, and the
best advising happens when students and advisers share a foundation of common
intellectual interests.
For incoming students, who have not yet developed relationships with academic
advisers, Yale College furnishes a unique constellation of advising linked to the
residential colleges. Parts of this constellation include the residential college deans,
freshman academic advisers, and freshman (peer) counselors. It is not any one
advisers job to mandate a particular set of courses, but rather to help students gather
information in order to craft an effective program of study.
After freshman year, the selection of academic advisers is contingent on the student's
intended major field. Sophomores who plan to major in the humanities or the social
sciences select a sophomore adviser from among the Yale College faculty; those who
plan to major in the sciences, engineering, or mathematics select as their adviser the
designated representative in their potential major, often the director of undergraduate
studies. The academic adviser for juniors and seniors in most majors is the director of
undergraduate studies or a designated departmental representative. Moreover, seniors
in most majors have the opportunity to select a senior essay or senior project adviser
from among the faculty members in their major department or program.
In addition to these advisers, students often seek advice about academics, internship
and research opportunities, student life, study abroad, and postgraduation options
from other offices on campus, including the Center for International and Professional
Experience, the Health Professions Advisory Board, the Office of Career Strategy, the
University Libraries, the Yale College Deans Office, and the cultural centers.
Distributional Requirements
The distributional requirements, described below, are intended to assure that all
graduates of Yale College have an acquaintance with a broad variety of fields of
inquiry and approaches to knowledge. These requirements are the only specific rules
limiting the selection of courses outside a students major program. By themselves,
the distributional requirements constitute a minimal education, not a complete one,
and represent the least that an educated person should seek to know. They are to be
embraced as starting points, not goals.
20
Distributional Requirements for the Bachelors

Degree
Students must fulfill disciplinary area requirements by taking no fewer than two course
credits in the humanities and arts, two in the sciences, and two in the social sciences.
Students must also fulfill skills requirements by taking at least two course credits
in quantitative reasoning, two course credits in writing, and courses to further their
foreign language proficiency. Depending on their level of accomplishment in foreign
languages at matriculation, students may fulfill this last requirement with one, two, or
three courses or by certain combinations of course work and approved study abroad.
Area requirement in the humanities and arts (two course credits) Study of
the humanities and artsthose subjects that explore the broad range of human
thought, expression, and endeavorcultivates an educated recognition of the greatest
accomplishments of the past and enriches the capacity to participate fully in the life of
our time. Exploration of other civilizations, ancient and modern, gives students insight
into the experiences of others and informs critical examination of their own culture.
Those who create or perform works of art experience firsthand the joy and discipline of
artistic expression. By rigorously and systematically examining the value and purpose
of all that surrounds them, students of the humanities and arts can acquire essential
preparation for many different kinds of careers. But independently of any particular
application, study of these subjects fosters understanding of, and delight in, the reach
and sweep of the human spirit.
Area requirement in the sciences (two course credits) Acquiring a broad view of what
science is, what it has achieved, and what it might continue to achieve is an essential
component of a college education. Close study of a science develops critical faculties
that educated citizens need. These include an ability to evaluate the opinions of experts,
to distinguish special pleading and demagoguery from responsible science, and to
realize which things are known and which unknownwhich are knowable and which
unknowableto science. The theoretical inquiry, experimental analysis, and firsthand
problem solving inseparable from studying a science give rise to new modes of thought.
To know science is to appreciate a thousand intricacies in nature and the universe,
which are hidden from casual observation but which, once revealed, lend richness to
everyday life.
Area requirement in the social sciences (two course credits) Insights gained through
the study of the social sciences take on a critical significance at a time when the worlds
population is increasing rapidly and diverse cultures are coming into closer contact
and even conflict. Among the major subjects of inquiry in the social sciences are
international and area studies. Those who have been educated in the United States
ought especially to acquire knowledge of the societies of Africa, Latin America, Asia,
the Middle East, and eastern and western Europe, as well as broaden their familiarity
with the range of cultures in North America. Questions of class, gender, public health,
justice, and identity are also central to work in the social sciences. Methods in the social
sciences test for connections between the familiar and the exotic, the traditional and the
contemporary, the individual and the group, the predicted result and the anomalous
outcome. Social science theories propose explanations for the entire range of human
phenomena: from governments and economies to social organizations, communicative
systems, cultural practices, and the psychology of individuals.
I. Yale College
21
Skills requirement in foreign language (at least one course, depending on

preparation) The study of languages has long been one of the distinctive and defining
features of a liberal arts education, and in the world of the twenty-first century,
knowledge of more than one language is increasingly important. The benefits of
language study include enhanced understanding of how languages work, often
resulting in heightened sophistication in the use of ones own language; unmediated
access to texts otherwise available only in translation, or not at all; and the ability to
recognize and cross cultural barriers.
All Yale College students are required to engage in study of a foreign language,
regardless of the level of proficiency at the time of matriculation. Depending on
their preparation, students take one, two, or three terms of foreign language study
to fulfill the distributional requirement. Students may complete an approved study
abroad program in lieu of intermediate or advanced language study at Yale. Details
of the foreign language distributional requirement are listed under Distributional
Requirements (p. 33) in the Academic Regulations (p. 33).
Skills requirement in quantitative reasoning (two course credits) The mental
rigor resulting from quantitative study has been celebrated since ancient times, and
applications of quantitative methods have proven critical to many different disciplines.
Mathematics and statistics are basic tools for the natural and the social sciences, and
they have become useful in many of the humanities as well. Information technology
and the rigorous dissection of logical arguments in any discipline depend on algorithms
and formal logical constructs. An educated person must be able to use quantitative
information to make, understand, and evaluate arguments.
Many quantitative reasoning courses are taught through the departments of
Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science. Such courses may also be found in
Astronomy; Chemistry; Economics; Engineering; Environmental Studies; Geology
and Geophysics; Global Affairs; Linguistics; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology; Philosophy; Physics; Political Science; Psychology; and Sociology.
Skills requirement in writing (two course credits) The ability to write well is one
of the hallmarks of a liberal education and is indispensable to advanced research in
most disciplines. As students strengthen their writing skills, they develop intellectual
practices that distinguish active from passive learners.
The English department in particular offers many courses that focus on writing clearly
and cogently, and courses in other departments stress writing skills within the context
of their disciplines. Over 130 courses, spanning approximately 40 different academic
programs, give special attention to writing. Such courses, designated WR in the course
listings, do not necessarily require more writing than other courses; rather, they provide
more help with writing assignments. Some characteristics of WR courses include
writing to discover ideas, learning from model essays, detailed feedback, and reviewing
writing in small groups. Note that credit toward the writing requirement cannot be
earned in courses in creative writing (specifically poetry, fiction, and playwriting) nor in
courses conducted in a language other than English.
22
Major Programs
All candidates for a bachelors degree in Yale College must elect a major program.
The requirements for a major are described in general terms in the sections below,
and in more detail under Subjects of Instruction. Students plan a schedule of courses
in their major in consultation with a representative of the department or program
concerned, and must secure the consultants written approval. Students should
acquaint themselves fully with all the requirements of the major they plan to enter,
considering not only the choice of courses in the current term but also the plan of their
entire work in the last two or three years in college
Students seeking the B.S. or the B.A. degree with a major in science are expected
to declare their majors at the beginning of sophomore year, although a student
who has completed the prerequisites may elect a science major later. Sophomores
interested in majoring in science should have their schedules approved by the director
of undergraduate studies or the adviser designated by the department. Students seeking
the B.A. degree with a major in a field other than a science typically declare their major
at the beginning of the junior year. In the sophomore year these students schedules are
signed by a sophomore adviser, chosen by the student, with whom the program has
been discussed.
Selection of a Major
In designing a program of study, the student ought to plan for depth of concentration
as well as breadth of scope. To study a subject in depth can be one of the most
rewarding and energizing of human experiences, and can form the basis of the interests
and occupations of a lifetime. Knowledge advances by specialization, and one can gain
some of the excitement of discovery by pressing toward the outer limits of what is
known in a particular field. Intense study of a seemingly narrow area of investigation
may disclose ramifications and connections that alter perspectives on other subjects.
Such study also sharpens judgment and acquaints a person with processes by which
new truths can be found.
In order to gain exposure to this kind of experience, students must elect and complete
a major, that is, the subject in which they will work more intensively than in any other.
Yale College offers more than seventy possible majors (p. 90). The department
or program concerned sets the requirements for each major, which are detailed under
Subjects of Instruction.
Some students will have made a tentative choice of a major before entering college.
Others will have settled on a general areafor example, the natural sciences or the
humanitieswithout being certain of the specific department or program of their
major. Still others will be completely undecided. Many students who arrive with their
minds made up change them after a year or two. Even students who feel certain of their
choices should keep open the possibility of a change. In selecting courses during their
first two years, students should bear in mind not only the distributional requirements,
but also the need for some exploration of the subjects to which they feel drawn.
The Major (B.A. or B.S.)

A major program usually includes twelve term courses in the same area, progressing
from introductory to advanced work, which become the focus of a students program
I. Yale College
23
in the junior and senior years. Majors are offered by departments, interdepartmental
programs, or interdisciplinary programs. In many departments and programs, a limited
number of courses in related fields may be offered in fulfillment of the requirements
for the major. Many majors have prerequisites of two or more term courses taken in the
freshman and sophomore years.
In all majors, the student must satisfy a senior requirement, usually a senior essay,
senior project, or senior departmental examination. In an intensive major, the student
must fulfill additional requirements, such as taking a prescribed seminar, tutorial, or
graduate course, or completing some other project in the senior year.
Special Divisional Majors

A Special Divisional Major affords an alternative for the student whose academic
interests cannot be met within one of the existing major programs. Such students may,
with the approval of the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing, design special
majors of their own in consultation with members of the faculty and in accordance with
the procedures (p. 636) outlined under Subjects of Instruction. A Special Divisional
Major may not be offered as one of two majors.
The Residential Colleges

The most conspicuous advantage of a university is that it presents students with a great
breadth of learning and gives them access to scholars who are engaged not only in
communicating knowledge but also in discovering it. But the potential disadvantages
of a large university are that its size and complexity may discourage communication,
and that teachers and students may become less of a challenge to each other. In such an
event, the discovery of new knowledge suffers as much as do teaching and learning.
In order to mitigate such disadvantages as it grew from a small college into a modern
research university, Yale established residential colleges. Initially made possible through
gifts from Edward Stephen Harkness, B.A. 1897, the colleges are more than living
quarters; they are small communities of men and women whose members know one
another well and learn from one another. Each college has its own dining hall, library,
common rooms, extracurricular activity spaces, and intramural athletic teams, and each
college celebrates the progress of the academic year with various festivities, concerts,
and dramatic presentations.
There are twelve colleges: Berkeley, Branford, Calhoun, Davenport, Timothy Dwight,
Jonathan Edwards, Morse, Pierson, Saybrook, Silliman, Ezra Stiles, and Trumbull. At
the head of each college is a resident master; and in each college a dean advises students
on both academic and nonacademic matters. Associated with the master and the dean
as fellows are about fifty additional members of the University drawn from different
departments and schools. A few fellows reside in the college; others have offices there.
In the summer before arrival, each freshman is assigned to one of the twelve residential
colleges. Most freshmen reside in a quadrangle known as the Old Campus. Whether
freshmen live there or elsewhere on campus, they participate fully in the life of their
residential college. All freshmen and sophomores are required to live on campus, and
most juniors and seniors choose to do so. Whether they live on campus or off, students
normally remain members of the same college throughout their undergraduate careers.
24
International Experience
While students can be introduced to the dynamics of a globalizing world through
the course offerings at Yale, experience abroad is an invaluable complement to
academic training. Such experience may include course work at foreign universities,
intensive language training, directed research, independent projects, internships,
laboratory work, and volunteer service. Yale College provides a variety of international
opportunities during term time, summers, and postgraduation, as well as a large and
growing number of fellowships to support students abroad.
Students can visit the Center for International and Professional Experience (http://
cipe.yalecollege.yale.edu) to explore options for study abroad, search for international
internships and careers, and seek funding for study, research, and work experiences
off campus. Summer courses abroad are offered by Yale Summer Session (http://
summer.yale.edu) and by eligible outside programs through Summer Abroad (http://
www.yale.edu/studyabroad). Students on financial aid may be eligible for summer
funding through the International Summer Award program (http://www.yale.edu/
yalecollege/international/funding/isa).
Year or Term Abroad

In recognition of the special value of formal study abroad, Yale College allows juniors
and second-term sophomores to earn a full year or term of credit toward the bachelors
degree through the Year or Term Abroad program. Participation in the program
provides students the opportunity to approach academic study through a different
cultural perspective and, most significantly, to speak, write, and learn in a foreign
language. Students apply to the Yale College Committee on the Year or Term Abroad
for approval of a program of study abroad. The pertinent application procedures
and regulations are listed under Special Arrangements (p. 65) in the Academic
Regulations. Additional information is available from the Study Abroad office in
the Center for International and Professional Experience (http://www.yale.edu/
studyabroad).
Yale-in-London
The Yale-in-London program offers spring-term courses in British culture and society
at the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art, located in central London. The
program is open to undergraduates, carries full Yale course credit, and counts as a
term of enrollment. Instruction is designed to take advantage of the cultural resources
of London and its environs, with regular field trips (including overnight stays) to
museums, historic houses, and other sites of interest. Accommodations are provided
for students in shared apartments. Further information is available on the programs
Web site (http://britishart.yale.edu/education/yale-college-students/yale-in-london),
or from the Yale-in-London office at the Yale Center for British Art, or by e-mail to
yaleinlondon@yale.edu.
Yale-in-London Summer Program

Yale-in-London offers two overlapping summer sessions at the Paul Mellon Centre for
Studies in British Art, each lasting six weeks. There are two courses in each session,
with topics in history, history of art, architecture, literature, and drama. The courses
are open to undergraduates and carry full Yale course credit, although enrollment
I. Yale College
25
in Yale-in-London summer session does not count as a term of enrollment in Yale

College. Overnight field trips may be included. Accommodations are provided.
Course descriptions and further information are available on the programs Web
site (http://britishart.yale.edu/education/yale-college-students/yale-in-london),
or from the Yale-in-London office at the Yale Center for British Art, or by e-mail to
yaleinlondon@yale.edu.
The MacMillan Center

The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale
is the Universitys focal point for encouraging and coordinating teaching and research
on international affairs and on societies and cultures around the world. It brings
together scholars from relevant schools and departments to provide comparative and
problem-oriented teaching and research on regional, international, and global issues.
The MacMillan Center provides six undergraduate majors: African Studies, East Asian
Studies, Latin American Studies, Modern Middle East Studies, Russian and East
European Studies, and South Asian Studies. Language training is integral to each of the
majors.
The MacMillan Center invites visiting scholars to Yale each year from a range of
disciplines and countries; awards financial support to Yale students studying languages
or traveling abroad; and sponsors lectures, conferences, workshops, symposia, films,
and art events. The Center also produces The MacMillan Report, an Internet show
that features Yale faculty in international and area studies. Further information about
the MacMillan Center is available on the Centers Web site (http://www.yale.edu/
macmillan).
Jackson Institute for Global Affairs

The Jackson Institutes mission is to inspire and prepare Yale students for global
citizenship and leadership. The Institute administers the undergraduate major in
Global Affairs, with tracks in international development and international security.
In addition, the Institute offers a number of courses that are open to students in Yale
College, including GLBL 101, Gateway to Global Affairs.
Each year the Jackson Institute hosts Senior Fellows, leading practitioners and experts
in global affairs who teach courses, give public lectures, and are available to consult
with students on their career plans. The Jackson Institutes career services office serves
as a resource for Yale College students contemplating careers in public service and other
areas of global affairs. For further information, consult the Institutes Web site (http://
jackson.yale.edu).
Yale Summer Session

Yale Summer Session offers courses in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences.
Several summer courses, including language courses, are taught abroad, and some
courses are taught on line. Courses in the Summer Session are in most cases similar
to courses offered during the regular academic year, but in a more concentrated and
intensive form. Yale College students may, if they wish, receive credit in Yale College for
work successfully completed in Yale Summer Session. There are no auditing privileges
26
in Yale Summer Session. Further information is available from the Yale Summer
Session office or on the Summer Session Web site (http://summer.yale.edu).
Special Programs
Directed Studies
Directed Studies is a selective freshman interdisciplinary program in Western
civilization. One hundred twenty-five freshmen are admitted to the program each fall.
The Literature, Philosophy, and History and Politics tracks of Directed Studies together
comprise one coherent program of study, and students must enroll in all three tracks
simultaneously. Successful completion of the fall-term Directed Studies courses is a
prerequisite to enrolling in the spring-term courses.
The Freshman Web site (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/content/directed-studies-ds)
describes the program and explains the application procedure. Additional information
is available on the programs Web site (http://www.yale.edu/directedstudies).
Freshman Seminar Program

The Freshman Seminar program offers first-year students the opportunity to enroll
in small classes with some of Yales most eminent faculty members. Roughly fifty
freshman seminars across a wide range of subjects are offered every year, in both fall
and spring terms. Some seminars provide an introduction to a particular field of study;
others take an interdisciplinary approach to a variety of topics. Whatever the subject
and method of instruction, all seminars are designed with freshmen in mind and
provide a context for developing relationships with faculty members and peers.
A description of the program and application procedures can be viewed on the
programs Web site (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/content/freshman-seminarprogram-2).
Residential College Seminars

The Residential College Seminar program, instituted in 1968, is devoted to the
development of innovative courses that fall outside traditional departmental structures.
The instructors for the seminar program are drawn from the University community
and from the region, including individuals outside academic life such as writers, artists,
participants in government and the public sector, and experts from the arts and the
media. The college seminar program encourages innovative courses, and student
committees in the residential colleges play a significant role in selecting seminars, but
all courses in the program must satisfy standard requirements for academic credit in
Yale College and must be approved by the relevant faculty committees that oversee the
curriculum.
Each residential college sponsors at least one seminar each term. Additional seminars
are occasionally sponsored directly by the program and are equally open to students
from all residential colleges. Descriptions of the seminars are found on the programs
Web site (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/academics/special-academic-programs/
residential-college-seminar-program).
I. Yale College
27
The DeVane Lectures

The DeVane Lectures are a special series of lectures that are open to the general
public as well as to students and to other members of the Yale community. They were
established in 1969 in honor of William Clyde DeVane, Dean of Yale College from
1939 to 1963. The next set of DeVane Lectures will be offered in spring 2016. Nicholas
Christakis, Sol Goldman Family Professor of Social and Natural Science, Department
of Sociology, will offer Health of the Public: Medicine and Disease in Social Context.
Details of the course are listed under DeVane Lecture Course (p. 224) in Subjects of
Instruction. Supplementary meetings will be held for those students taking the lectures
for credit.
Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC)

Yale hosts both Naval and Air Force ROTC units, which offer qualified Yale College
students an opportunity to pursue their regular Yale degrees while also preparing for
leadership positions in the United States Air Force, Navy, or Marine Corps. Regardless
of financial need, participating students may receive significant help in meeting the
costs of a Yale education. Further information about the Air Force ROTC program can
be found on the Yale AFROTC Web site (http://afrotc.yalecollege.yale.edu) or under
Aerospace Studies (p. 92) in Subjects of Instruction. Further information about
the Naval ROTC program (including the Marine Corps program) can be found on
the Yale NROTC Web site (http://nrotc.yalecollege.yale.edu) or under Naval Science
(p. 532) in Subjects of Instruction. Students not matriculated at Yale who are
participating in a Yale ROTC program as part of a cross-town arrangement are subject
to Yale Colleges Undergraduate Regulations (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/campus-life/
undergraduate-regulations).
Francis Writer-in-Residence
The Francis Writer-in-Residence in Yale College is a distinguished writer of nonfiction
who teaches either one or two courses each academic year. He or she is actively engaged
with undergraduate life and serves as an academic mentor through seminars, readings,
meetings with students, and other activities. The Francis Writer-in-Residence for 2015
2016 is Anne Fadiman.
Rosenkranz Writer-in-Residence
The Rosenkranz Writer-in-Residence in Yale College is a distinguished professional
writer, chosen from fiction writers, playwrights, critics, journalists, screenwriters,
essayists, poets, and social commentators. Both as a fellow of a residential college and
as an instructor of one or two courses in each academic year, the Rosenkranz Writerin-Residence meets formally and informally with students through classes and through
readings and extracurricular activities. The Rosenkranz Writer-in-Residence for 2015
2016 is Louise Glck.
Yale Journalism Initiative

The Yale Journalism Initiative brings a distinguished writer to campus to teach an
advanced journalism seminar, ENGL 467. Students who complete the seminar may
apply to become Yale Journalism Scholars, a distinction that provides access to summer
support for internships, career counseling with a journalism specialist in the Writing
Center, and invitations to meet professional journalists at events both on and off
28
campus. For more information on the initiative or on becoming a Journalism Scholar,

see the Journalism Initiative Web site (http://writing.yalecollege.yale.edu/yalejournalism-initiative).
Education Studies Undergraduate Scholars

Program
The Education Studies Undergraduate Scholars program establishes an
interdisciplinary cohort of scholars who are interested in education practice, policy,
and/or research. Each Scholar completes electives within the Education Studies
curriculum, a summer or academic-year field experience, and a senior capstone
project. Education Studies Scholars also explore educational topics through symposia
led by Yale faculty and advising relationships with mentors. Students may apply to
the Education Studies Undergraduate Scholars program in their sophomore year.
The prerequisite for applying is EDST 110, Foundations in Education Studies. For
more information, see the programs Web site (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/content/
education-studies).
Energy Studies Undergraduate Scholars Program

Yale Climate & Energy Institute (YCEI) sponsors the Energy Studies Undergraduate
Scholars program. The program promotes a multidisciplinary approach to the linked
challenges of energy and climate, and provides students with training in the science
and technology of energy, the environmental and social impacts of energy production
and use, and the economics, planning, and regulation of energy systems and markets.
Energy Studies Scholars acquire the broad knowledge and skills needed for advanced
studies and for leadership in energy-related fields. Further information is available on
the programs Web site (http://climate.yale.edu/prog-init/energy-studies).
Special Academic Program in Human Rights

The Special Academic Program in Human Rights seeks to equip students with
an academic foundation from which to engage meaningfully with human rights
scholarship and practice. The program is based on an understanding that human rights
constitutes a rich and interdisciplinary field of study, drawing on bodies of work in
history, literature, economics, political science, philosophy, anthropology, law, and
area studies. The program provides students with relevant analytical, conceptual, and
practical skills; connects students to affiliated faculty and peers; supports student
research projects and internship opportunities; and offers career guidance in the
field. For more information see the Human Rights program Web site (http://
humanrights.yale.edu).
Global Health Studies Program

The Global Health Studies program is designed for students interested in
understanding and addressing pressing global health challenges. Although courses in
global health are open to all undergraduates, students desiring greater depth in the
field are encouraged to apply to become a Global Health Fellow (GHF). Fellows are
typically selected in the fall of their sophomore year although, in exceptional cases,
juniors may also be accepted. GHFs complete an interdisciplinary course of study that
includes required and elective courses and fieldwork (e.g., internships with NGOs,
or field-based research either with faculty or independently with faculty guidance).
I. Yale College
29
In the summer after junior year, GHFs conduct their own independent global health
fieldwork, for which they receive support in the form of course work, designated
funding, and mentorship from an assigned global health faculty adviser. During
their senior year, GHFs are expected to incorporate their fieldwork and classroom
experiences into their senior requirement and to develop a publication-worthy written
product. Additional information can be found on the programs Web site (http://
ghi.yale.edu).
Center for Teaching and Learning

The Yale Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL) provides an array of teaching,
tutoring, writing, and technology-enabled learning programs distributed across the
University. The Center supports effective course design and promotes evidence-based
teaching methods for University instructors, including faculty and teaching assistants.
The Center also supports student learning and provides opportunities for students to
develop as teachers, mentors, and leaders. Both the Center for Language Study and the
Yale College Writing Center are included as units within the CTL. More information is
available on the Web site (http://ctl.yale.edu) of the Center for Teaching and Learning.
Center for Language Study

The Center for Language Study (CLS), a unit of the Center for Teaching and Learning,
provides resources for students of foreign languages and for language courses. The CLS
also provides support for nonnative speakers of English through its English Language
Program. For undergraduates enrolled in a foreign language course, the CLS offers peer
tutoring in the target language. For students in Yale College and in the graduate and
professional schools, the CLS offers specialized language programs such as Directed
Independent Language Study (http://cls.yale.edu/dils) (DILS) for the study of
languages not taught at Yale, and the Fields program (http://cls.yale.edu/fields) for
discipline-specific and advanced language study. For professional school students,
the CLS offers courses in language for special purposes, such as Spanish or Chinese
for medical professionals. All language learners at Yale have access to CLS facilities,
including its study rooms and multimedia labs. For more information, including hours,
a list of resources, and information about Yales foreign language requirement and
placement testing, see the Centers Web site (http://cls.yale.edu).
Expository Writing
The Yale College Writing Center, a unit of the Center for Teaching and Learning,
supports a range of courses and tutoring services to help undergraduates improve
their writing. The English department offers several courses specifically designed to
prepare students for writing throughout the University, and other departments in
the humanities, social sciences, and sciences complement this offering with courses
(designated WR in the course listings) that give special attention to the conventions
and expectations of writing in particular disciplines.
Beyond the regular departmental offerings, the Writing Center provides several
ways for students to get help with writing. The most important of these is the
presence of a Writing Tutor in each residential college. Tutors meet with students on
a one-to-one basis to discuss rough drafts of work in progress, research techniques,
revision strategies, or other matters relevant to effective writing. Tutors can help with
any writing project: senior essays, course papers, graduate school and fellowship
30
applications, or anything intended for publication. The Writing Partners, another

resource, are undergraduate and graduate students who offer drop-in help to
students at any stage of writing. Finally, the Writing Center Web site (http://
writing.yalecollege.yale.edu/using-sources) offers information on using sources
effectively and avoiding plagiarism.
The Yale College Writing Center is maintained through the continuing support of
the Bass family, the Newhouse Foundation, and other foundations. Its mission is to
encourage excellence in writing and the use of writing for learning throughout the
College. More detailed information is available on the Writing Center Web site (http://
writing.yalecollege.yale.edu).
Science and Quantitative Reasoning Tutors

Tutoring programs for science and quantitative reasoning courses are offered through
the Center for Teaching and Learning. The Residential College Math and Science
Tutoring program offers tutoring in the residential colleges to all Yale College students.
Tutoring is available at scheduled times and on a walk-in basis, and is provided in all
areas of math and science as well as in economics. Information about tutoring can be
found at each residential college deans office and on the Residential College Math and
Science Tutoring Web site (http://science.yalecollege.yale.edu/residential-collegemath-science).
To assist students who require more personalized or longer-term support, the Center
for Teaching and Learning also administers a Science and QR Tutoring program. This
program provides individual tutoring to undergraduates in the full range of science and
quantitative disciplines, including economics. Any student enrolled in Yale College who
is experiencing academic difficulty in a course, as confirmed by the instructor, is eligible
for up to ten hours of tutoring per course each term free of charge. Further information
is available at each residential college deans office and on the CTL Web site (http://
science.yalecollege.yale.edu/science-quantitative-reasoning-1).
Resource Office on Disabilities

To ensure that all students have an equal opportunity to make the most of their Yale
education, the Resource Office on Disabilities facilitates individual accommodations for
students with disabilities, and works to remove physical and attitudinal barriers to their
full participation in the University community. The office provides technical assistance,
information, and disability awareness training to any member of the Yale community.
Current and prospective students with disabilities are encouraged to contact the
Resource Office on Disabilities to schedule a meeting with staff at 35 Broadway (rear
entrance), room 222. Inquiries can be made by mail to Resource Office on Disabilities,
Yale University, P.O. Box 208305, New Haven, CT 06520-8305, or by phone at (203)
432-2324. Additional information is available on the Resource Office Web site (http://
www.yale.edu/rod).
Simultaneous Award of the Bachelors and

Masters Degrees
Yale College students with appropriate qualifications may enroll in courses in the
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. Such enrollment requires permission of the
I. Yale College
31
courses instructor and of the director of graduate studies of the department in which
the course is offered.
A limited number of students of demonstrated ability may undertake graduate work
that will qualify them for the simultaneous award of the bachelors and masters
degrees at the end of their senior year. Details of the requirements are listed under
Special Arrangements (p. 65) in the Academic Regulations (p. 33).
Combined Bachelors and Masters Degree

Programs in the Professional Schools
Well-qualified students may be able to structure their undergraduate programs so as
to become eligible for a masters degree in Public Health, Forestry & Environmental
Studies, or Music after one additional year of graduate study at Yale. For more
information see the respective program descriptions in Subjects of Instruction.
Eli Whitney Students Program

The Eli Whitney Students program is designed for individuals with high academic
potential who seek to obtain a bachelor of arts or bachelor of science degree from Yale
College and who may need to study on a part-time basis. The program enrolls a small
number of students who have demonstrated leadership and maturity and who enrich
Yale College through their life experience, sense of purpose, and character.
A minimum of eighteen course credits from Yale as a matriculated student is required,
and the degree must be completed within seven years. The program is described more
fully under Eli Whitney Students Program (p. 77) in the Academic Regulations
(p. 33). Additional information is available on the programs Web site (http://
admissions.yale.edu/eli-whitney).
Yale Visiting International Student Program

The Yale Visiting International Student program (Y-VISP) invites selected
undergraduate students from Y-VISP partner institutions to pursue full-time study
in Yale College for one academic year. Y-VISP students maintain a full course load,
live in the residential colleges alongside Yale College students, and are fully integrated
members of Yale Colleges academic, residential, and extracurricular communities. YVISP oversight and governance is managed by the programs director and the Y-VISP
Steering Committee. Additional information is available on the programs Web site
(http://www.yale.edu/yvisp).
Honors
General Honors
The bachelors degree cum laude, magna cum laude, or summa cum laude is awarded at
graduation on the basis of a students general performance in courses taken at Yale. At
Commencement, General Honors are awarded to no more than 30 percent of the class.
The bachelors degree is awarded summa cum laude to no more than the top 5 percent
of the graduating class, magna cum laude to no more than the next 10 percent of the
graduating class, cum laude to no more than the next 15 percent of the graduating class.
32
Eligibility for General Honors is based on the grade point average (GPA) earned in
courses taken only at Yale, with letter grades carrying the following values:
A
A
B+
B
4.00
3.67
3.33
3.00
B
C+
C
C
2.67
2.33
2.00
1.67
D+
D
D
F
1.33
1.00
0.67
0.00
Marks of CR in courses taken on a Credit/D/Fail basis are not included in the

calculation of grade point averages. Marks of W, for Withdrawal, carry no course credit,
and do not figure in a grade point average.
Distinction in the Major

Distinction in the Major is conferred at graduation on any senior who, on nomination
by the students department or program, and with the concurrence of the Committee
on Honors and Academic Standing, merits such an award for the quality of work
completed in the major subject.
Distinction is awarded to students who have earned grades of A or A in three-quarters
of the credits in the major subject or program and who have earned a grade of A or A
on the senior departmental examination, senior essay, or senior project. All courses
taken for the major are included in these calculations for Distinction in the Major.
Grades of F and marks of CR in courses taken Credit/D/Fail are included as non-A
grades. Marks of W, for Withdrawal, carry no course credit, and do not figure in the
calculation for Distinction.
Phi Beta Kappa

Election to Phi Beta Kappa is based on the percentage of grades of A earned at Yale.
The grade point average (GPA) is not a factor. Marks of CR in courses taken Credit/
D/Fail are counted as non-A grades. Marks of W, for Withdrawal, carry no course
credit, and do not figure in the calculation for Phi Beta Kappa. Grades earned outside
Yale, including those earned during study abroad other than at Yale-in-London, are
also not included in the calculation. Further information about the criteria for election
and about the Yale chapter can be found on the Yale Phi Beta Kappa Web site (http://
www.yale.edu/pbk/home).
Prizes
For a list of the numerous prizes open annually to students in Yale College, consult
the Yale Prizes Web site (http://secretary.yale.edu/services-resources/lectureshipsfellowships-and-prizes).
Miscellaneous
Expenses and expected patterns of payment are described in the Undergraduate
Regulations (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/campus-life/undergraduate-regulations),
published on line by the Yale College Deans Office. The Undergraduate Regulations also
provides details of student coverage in the Yale Health medical plan. Information about
financing a Yale education can be found on the Web site of Student Financial Services
(http://www.yale.edu/sfas/finaid).
II. Academic Regulations

Academic Regulations
As a condition of enrollment in Yale College, every student is required to comply with the
academic regulations. Students are expected to familiarize themselves with these regulations,
and an assertion of ignorance of their provisions cannot be accepted as a basis for an exception
to them. No student or group of students should expect to be warned individually to conform
to any of the regulations contained in this publication. Students are advised to pay special
attention to all deadlines given in the academic regulations. Students who have questions or
concerns about these regulations should consult with their residential college dean.
A. Requirements for the B.A. or B.S. Degree

To qualify for the bachelors degree, B.A. or B.S., a student must successfully complete
thirty-six term courses in Yale College or their equivalent. In doing so, the student must
fulfill the distributional requirements of Yale College and the requirements of a major
program. A student may normally complete no more than eight terms of enrollment in
order to fulfill these requirements.
During the terms that students are enrolled and in residence in Yale College, they
cannot be simultaneously enrolled, neither full-time nor part-time, in any other
school or college at any other institution, with the exception of other Yale University
schools that permit currently enrolled undergraduates to be admitted to programs that
have been established within Yale College. Examples of such programs include the
simultaneous award of the bachelors and masters degree and the five-year B.A.-B.S/
M.P.H. degree program in Public Health. Exceptions will also be made for Yale College
students whose participation in the Reserve Officers Training Corps program requires
enrollment in courses offered outside of Yale.
Students enrolled in the Eli Whitney Students program should consult section M, Eli
Whitney Students Program (p. 77).
Students who have already earned a bachelors degree, at Yale or at another institution,
are not eligible for degree enrollment in Yale College.
Distributional Requirements
All students in Yale College must fulfill distributional requirements in order to
qualify for the bachelors degree. For a general introduction to the distributional
requirements and a definition of the disciplinary areas and skills categories, refer to the
Undergraduate Curriculum (p. 18) section.
1. Distributional requirements for the freshman, sophomore, and junior years
Students must partially fulfill the distributional requirements during the
freshman, sophomore, and junior years in order to be eligible for promotion.
Distributional requirements for the freshman year Students must have enrolled
for at least one course credit in two skills categories by the end of the second term of
enrollment in order to be eligible for promotion to sophomore standing. They may
elect no more than four course credits in a single department, and no more than six
34
course credits in a single disciplinary area, except that a student taking a laboratory
course may elect as many as seven course credits in the sciences.
Note that credit from outside Yale may not be applied toward the distributional
requirements for the freshman year; accordingly, students who are permitted by
the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing to repair a deficiency in these
requirements over the summer following freshman year must do so by means of
enrollment in Yale Summer Session.
Distributional requirements for the sophomore year Students must have enrolled
for at least one course credit in each of the three disciplinary areas and for at least
one course credit in each of the three skills categories by the end of the fourth term
of enrollment in order to be eligible for promotion to junior standing.
Distributional requirements for the junior year Students must have completed all
of their skills requirements by the end of the sixth term of enrollment in order to be
eligible for promotion to senior standing.
2. Multiple distributional designations Although some courses may carry more
than one distributional designation, a single course may be applied to only one
distributional requirement. For example, if a course is designated both HU and SO
it may be applied toward either the humanities and arts requirement or the social
science requirement, but not both. Similarly, if a course is designated QR and SC, it
may be applied toward either the quantitative reasoning requirement or the science
requirement, but not both.
A course with multiple distributional designations, once applied toward one
distributional requirement, may subsequently be applied toward a different
distributional requirement. During the summer after each academic year, the
University Registrars Office optimizes the use of each students completed courses
toward fulfillment of the distributional requirements.
3. Foreign language distributional requirement All students are required to engage
in the study of a foreign language while enrolled in Yale College. The most
common paths to fulfillment of the foreign language distributional requirement are
illustrated in the chart at the end of this section.
Students who matriculate at Yale with no previous foreign language training must
complete three terms of instruction in a single foreign language. This requirement
is fulfilled by the completion of courses designated L1, L2, and L3.
Students who have taken the Advanced Placement examination in French, German,
Italian, or Spanish and who present scores of 5, or who have taken the Advanced
Placement examination in Latin and who present scores of 4 or 5, are recognized
as having completed the intermediate level of study. Scores of 6 or 7 on the
International Baccalaureate Advanced-Level examination are also accepted as
evidence of intermediate-level accomplishment. Students at this level fulfill the
language distributional requirement by completing one course designated L5.
Alternatively, they may successfully complete one or more courses in a different
foreign language at least through the level designated L2.
Students who have studied a foreign language before matriculating at Yale but
who have not achieved a score of 5 on the Advanced Placement test in French,
German, Italian, or Spanish, or a score of 4 or 5 on the Advanced Placement test in
35
Latin, must take a placement test offered by the appropriate language department
or, for languages in which no departmental placement test is offered, consult the
appropriate director of undergraduate studies. Dates and times of placement tests
are given in the Calendar for the Opening Days of College and on the Web site of the
Center for Language Study (http://cls.yale.edu). The departmental test determines
whether students place into the first, second, third, or fourth term of language
study (courses designated L1, L2, L3, or L4), or whether they qualify for language
courses beyond the fourth term of study (L5).
Students who place into the first term of a foreign language must successfully
complete three courses in that language, designated L1, L2, and L3.
Students who matriculate at Yale able to place into the second term of a foreign
language must successfully complete three courses in that language, designated L2,
L3, and L4. Alternatively, they may successfully complete three courses in a different
Students who matriculate at Yale able to place into the third term of a foreign
language must successfully complete two courses in that language, designated L3
and L4. Alternatively, they may successfully complete two or more courses in a
different foreign language at least through the level designated L3.
Students who matriculate at Yale able to place into the fourth term of a foreign
language must successfully complete one course in that language, designated L4.
Students who matriculate at Yale able to place into the fifth term of a foreign
language must successfully complete one course in that language, designated L5.
Students whose secondary school transcript shows that the language of instruction
was other than English may fulfill the foreign language requirement by successfully
completing ENGL 114, 115, 120, 121, or 450. Alternatively, students in this category
may fulfill the requirement by successfully completing one or more courses in
a third language, neither English nor the language of their secondary school
instruction, at least through the level designated L2.
In order to promote firsthand experience in foreign cultures and the learning
of language in real-world settings, students are permitted to apply toward the
satisfaction of the foreign language requirement the completion of an approved
study abroad program in a foreign-language-speaking setting if they have first
completed or placed out of a language course designated L2. Students seeking to
undertake study at another institution or program for this purpose must consult
the relevant director of undergraduate studies in advance of their proposed study
for advice about appropriate programs and courses, and for information about the
approval process. See section O, Credit from Other Universities (p. 81). Study
abroad may be used in place of L1 and L2 courses only if it is part of a Yale College
program, such as Yale Summer Session. Study abroad opportunities are described
in the Yale Curriculum section under the heading International Experience (p. 24).
36
Intensive language courses provide the equivalent of a full year of instruction in a

single term. A course designated L1L2 fulfills both the L1 and the L2 levels of the
foreign language distributional requirement. Similarly, a course designated L3L4
satisfies both the L3 and the L4 levels.
Not all of the languages offered in Yale College are offered at all levels, and it may
not be possible to fulfill the language requirement in some of them. Languages
currently offered in Yale College are Akkadian, Arabic, Bengali, Bosnian-CroatianSerbian, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, hieroglyphic Egyptian, French, German, ancient
Greek, modern Greek, biblical Hebrew, modern Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian,
Indonesian, isiZulu, Italian, Japanese, Khmer, Kiswahili, Korean, Latin, Persian,
Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Sanskrit, Sinhala, Spanish, Tamil,
classical Tibetan, modern Tibetan, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese, Wolof, and
Yorb. Students wishing to fulfill the foreign language requirement in a less
commonly taught language should consult the director of undergraduate studies in
the relevant department to verify that the appropriate level of study will be offered.
Students who have intermediate- or higher-level proficiency in a language other
than those listed here (including American Sign Language) should consult the
appropriate director of undergraduate studies or the director of the Center for
Language Study to arrange for a placement examination.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Students who, for medical reasons, are not able to complete the language
requirement may petition the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing
for a partial waiver of the requirement. In granting such a waiver, the committee
will normally require that a student complete four course credits in the study of a
specific non-English-speaking culture.
Courses taken on the Credit/D/Fail basis A student may not apply any course
credit earned on the Credit/D/Fail basis toward satisfaction of the distributional
requirements for the junior year nor for the distributional requirements for the
bachelors degree.
Independent study courses A student may not apply any course credit earned
through independent study courses toward satisfaction of any of the distributional
requirements.
Acceleration credits Acceleration credits may not be employed to satisfy the
distributional requirements for the bachelors degree, nor may they be employed to
meet the distributional requirements for the freshman, sophomore, or junior years.
Course credit earned at Yale before matriculation Course credit earned at Yale
before a students matriculation, either at Yale Summer Session or in the Nondegree
Students program while the student was enrolled as a secondary school student
in the New Haven area, may be applied to the distributional requirements for the
bachelors degree and to those for the sophomore and junior years, but it may not
be applied to the distributional requirements for the freshman year.
Courses in the graduate and professional schools It is the expectation that Yale
College students, including candidates for the simultaneous award of the bachelors
and masters degrees, will fulfill their distributional requirements in courses taken
in Yale College. Credit earned in a course offered in the Graduate School of Arts
and Sciences or in one of the professional schools of the University may be applied
toward the distributional requirements only if the course instructor has secured, in
advance of the term in which the course will be given, approval from Yale College.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
37
Instructors interested in making such an advance arrangement can contact the Dean
of Academic Affairs to be directed to the appropriate authority for such approval.
Course credit from outside Yale Course credit earned at another university may
be applied toward the distributional requirements for the bachelors degree and to
those for the sophomore and junior years whether or not it is counted toward the
36-course-credit requirement for graduation. Credit from outside Yale may not be
applied toward the distributional requirements for the freshman year. See section
O, Credit from Other Universities (p. 81). Note particularly that Yale does not
award course credit or distributional credit for courses completed at another college
or university before the student graduated from secondary school.
Major programs Courses taken in fulfillment of a students major requirements
may be applied toward satisfaction of the distributional requirements for the
freshman, sophomore, and junior years and toward the distributional requirements
for the bachelors degree.
Permission for a partial waiver of the distributional requirements for the
freshman year If, with the permission of the residential college dean, a freshman
enrolls in a program of study for the first two terms of enrollment worth more than
nine course credits, the dean may waive the year limit on the number of course
credits that a student may elect in a single department or disciplinary area. Under
no circumstances may a student be promoted to sophomore standing without
having enrolled for at least one course credit in two skills categories (foreign
language, quantitative reasoning, writing).
Permission to postpone fulfillment of the distributional requirements for the
sophomore year A student may petition the Committee on Honors and Academic
Standing for permission to fulfill the distributional requirements for the sophomore
year in the fifth term of enrollment. Such a petition must be filed no later than
the date of midterm of the fourth term of enrollment; it should explain the sound
academic reasons why these requirements cannot be satisfied within four terms
of enrollment and give an exact description of how they shall be fulfilled in the
fifth term. Students who have not fulfilled the distributional requirements for the
sophomore year by the end of the fourth term of enrollment and who have not
been granted permission by the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing to
postpone their fulfillment will normally not be promoted to junior standing.
Permission to postpone fulfillment of the distributional requirements for the
junior year In exceptional circumstances, a student may petition the Committee
on Honors and Academic Standing for permission to fulfill the distributional
requirements for the junior year in the seventh term of enrollment. Such a petition,
which must include the written support of the residential college dean and, where
applicable, that of the director of undergraduate studies in the students major,
should be filed no later than the date on which the students course schedule is
due in the sixth term of enrollment; in no case will a petition be accepted later
than the date of midterm in the sixth term of enrollment. It should explain the
sound academic reasons why these requirements cannot be satisfied within six
terms of enrollment and give an exact description of how they shall be fulfilled in
the seventh term. Students who have not fulfilled the distributional requirements
for the junior year by the end of the sixth term of enrollment and who have not
38
been granted permission by the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing to

postpone their fulfillment will normally not be promoted to senior standing.
Major Requirements
The requirements of the various major programs are given under the heading for
each department or program. Every major program includes a senior requirement,
which may take the form of a senior essay, a senior project, or a senior departmental
examination.
Eight Terms of Enrollment

A student must complete the requirements for the bachelors degree in no more than
eight terms of enrollment. Terms spent on a Year or Term Abroad, or in the Yale College
program at the Paul Mellon Centre in London during a spring term, are considered the
equivalent of terms of enrollment in Yale College. Note, however, that course credits
earned in terms spent on a Year or Term Abroad may not be applied to acceleration
by the early accumulation of thirty-six course credits all earned at Yale. See section
P, Acceleration Policies (p. 84). (Attendance at the summer program at the Paul
Mellon Centre in London or Yale Summer Session does not constitute a term of
enrollment in Yale College.)
In exceptional circumstances, a student may petition the Yale College Committee
on Honors and Academic Standing for permission to enroll for an additional term.
Such a petition should be made no later than the beginning of a students seventh
term of enrollment; it should describe precisely, giving detailed information on
specific courses, why it is impossible for the student to complete the requirements
for a bachelors degree within eight terms; and it should be accompanied by detailed,
informative letters of endorsement from the students director of undergraduate
studies and residential college dean. The Committee on Honors and Academic
Standing cannot grant permission for a ninth term in order for a student to undertake
an optional arrangement not necessary for the acquisition of a bachelors degree,
such as, for example, the completion of two majors, or enrollment in the Program
for the Simultaneous Award of the Bachelors and Masters Degrees, or completion
of the entrance requirements for graduate or professional school. A student given
permission to enroll for a ninth term is not eligible for scholarship assistance from
Yale, although other forms of financial aid may be available. See Financial Aid under
Regulations in the Yale College online publication Undergraduate Regulations (http://
yalecollege.yale.edu/campus-life/undergraduate-regulations).
Graduation in fewer than eight terms of enrollment is possible: see section P,
Acceleration Policies (p. 84). Under no circumstances may a student graduate in
fewer than six terms of enrollment, unless the student was admitted by transfer from
another college or university. Transfer students should consult section L, Transfer
Students (p. 75).
Yes
Did you take the AP

test in French, German, Italian, Latin,
or Spanish?
Yes
This chart illustrates the most common paths for

fulfilling the language requirement. Refer to the
Academic Regulations for complete information.
Did you study or

speak this language
before coming to Yale?
Yes
Did you get a

score of 5 on
the AP test in
French, German,
Italian, or Spanish, or a score of
4 0r 5 on the AP
test in Latin?
No
No
Take a placement
test at Yale or, for
languages in which
no placement test
is offered, consult
the appropriate
director of undergraduate studies.
PlaceintoL5
PlaceintoL4
PlaceintoL3
PlaceintoL2
No
PlaceintoL1
COMMON PATHS TOWARD FULFILLMENT OF THE LANGUAGE REQUIREMENT
Take one course, designated

L5, or take a different
language through L2.
Take one course, designated

L4, or take a different
Take two courses, designated

L3 and L4, or take a different
Take three courses, designated

L2, L3, and L4, or take a
different language through L3.
Take three courses, designated

L1, L2, and L3.

39
40
B. Grades
Letter Grades
The letter grades in Yale College are as follows:
A Excellent
A
B+
B Good
B
C+
D+
C Satisfactory D Passing
C
D
Fail
Credit/D/Fail Option
In order to encourage academic exploration and to promote diversity in students
programs, the Yale College Faculty has provided that students may elect a certain
number of courses on a Credit/D/Fail basis.
1. Reporting of grades In all courses (except for a few professional school courses),
instructors report letter grades for all students. If the student has chosen the Credit/
D/Fail option in a course, the registrar converts grades of A, A, B+, B, B, C+, C,
and C into the notation CR, which is entered on the students transcript. Grades
of D+, D, D, and F are entered on the transcript as reported. A student may not be
required to disclose to the instructor of a course whether the student has enrolled in
the course for a letter grade or under the Credit/D/Fail option.
2. Eligibility All courses offered in Yale College during the fall and spring terms are
available for election under the Credit/D/Fail option. Courses in Yale Summer
Session may not be taken under the Credit/D/Fail option.
3. Total number of courses A student may offer as many as four course credits earned
on the Credit/D/Fail basis toward the bachelors degree.
4. Number of courses in a term As many as two credits may be elected under the
Credit/D/Fail option in a term; thus in an academic year a student may earn as
many as four credits on the Credit/D/Fail option. In each term, a student must elect
at least two courses, representing at least two course credits, for letter grades.
5. Distributional requirements A student may not apply any course credit earned on
the Credit/D/Fail basis toward satisfaction of the distributional requirements for
the junior year nor toward satisfaction of the distributional requirements for the
bachelors degree.
6. Requirements of the major The program description of each major specifies
whether or not courses taken on the Credit/D/Fail basis count toward the
requirements of that major.
7. Credit/year course sequences A credit/year course sequence may be taken
under the Credit/D/Fail option for one term while the other term of the yearlong
sequence is taken for a letter grade. For credit/year course sequences in which a
student receives a separate letter grade for each of the two terms, each term will be
governed by the enrollment option the student elected for that term. For credit/year
course sequences in which a student receives the mark of SAT or NSAT for the first
term and a letter grade for the second, the enrollment option that the student elects
for the second term governs both terms of the course sequence; that is, students
will receive either the mark of CR for both terms or a letter grade for both terms,
depending on the option elected for the second term.
41
8. Course schedules Students must indicate on their course schedules at the

beginning of a term the use they wish to make during that term of the Credit/D/
Fail option. As indicated above, in a given term a student may elect as many as (but
no more than) two course credits on the Credit/D/Fail basis; and a student must
elect at least two courses, representing at least two course credits, for letter grades.
If a student indicates on the course schedule more than two course credits being
taken on the Credit/D/Fail option, the registrar will record only the first two of
them, in the order in which they are listed, as being taken on that basis, and the
student will not be permitted to take the others on the Credit/D/Fail option.
9. Late course schedules Because a decision to employ the Credit/D/Fail option in
a course must be declared at the beginning of the term on the students course
schedule, and because conversion from a letter grade to the Credit/D/Fail option
is not possible for students who submit their schedules on time, a student who
submits the schedule after the date on which it is due may not employ the Credit/
D/Fail option in any course during that term. See Enrollment in Courses in
section E (p. 47). The only exception to this rule may be in the case of a student
who for some valid and extraordinary reason cannot submit the course schedule on
time and who has the permission of the residential college dean and the registrar to
submit it late. If the college dean approves, such a student may employ the Credit/
D/Fail option only by submitting to the college dean by the date on which the
course schedule is dueas published in the Yale College Calendar with Pertinent
Deadlines (p. 8)a written statement specifying the course (or courses) that the
student wishes to take on the Credit/D/Fail basis.
10. Registration withheld In order to employ the Credit/D/Fail option, students
whose registration is being withheld by the Office of Student Financial Services or
any other administrative office of the University must submit their schedules on
time, before the deadline indicated on the students course schedule and listed in
the Yale College Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines (p. 8).
11. Conversion to a letter grade Until the deadline published in the Yale College
Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines (p. 8), a student who has elected a course on the
Credit/D/Fail basis may choose to receive a letter grade in that course by converting
enrollment to a letter grade online by means of the Yale Student Information
System (SIS) or by filing the appropriate form in the office of the residential college
dean. After the deadline such conversion is not possible. If a student converts from
the Credit/D/Fail option to a letter grade before the deadline, the option may not
again be resumed even if the student desires to do so before the deadline.
12. Conversion from a letter grade to Credit/D/Fail A course once elected for a letter
grade may not subsequently be converted to a course taken on the Credit/D/Fail
basis.
13. Courses selected after the deadline A student who for any reason has been granted
extraordinary permission by the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing
to elect a new course after the deadline for submitting a course schedule may not
employ the Credit/D/Fail option in that course. A change of level in courses in
which the subject is taught in an ordered progression is not considered the election
of a new course.
14. Acceleration credit Work completed under the Credit/D/Fail option cannot yield
acceleration credit.
42
15. Prizes and honors Marks of CR are included in the calculations for some prizes,
for Distinction in the Major, and for election to Phi Beta Kappa as non-A grades,
but marks of CR are not included in the calculation for General Honors. See under
Honors (p. 31) in the Yale Curriculum section.
16. Courses in the graduate and professional schools Courses in the Graduate
School of Arts and Sciences and in the professional schools of the University are
not available on the Yale College Credit/D/Fail option. Some courses in certain
professional schools of the University are, however, graded on a Pass/Fail basis
only, and grades for undergraduates in these courses are recorded as CR or F. Such
credits are counted in the total earned on the Credit/D/Fail basis that a student is
permitted to offer in a term as well as the total offered toward the requirements
of a bachelors degree. Marks of CR in professional school courses are included
in the calculations for Distinction in the Major as non-A grades. Marks of CR in
professional school courses are not included in the calculation for General Honors.
See General Honors and Distinction in the Major under Honors (p. 31) in the
Yale Curriculum section.
Independent Study Courses

Independent study courses, other than senior essays or projects and other exempted
courses as explained below, are graded on a Pass (P)/Fail (F) basis with the
additional requirement that the instructor of record submit a substantive report
that both describes the nature of the independent study and evaluates the students
performance in it. These reports will be shared with the student and the director of
undergraduate studies in the department or program in which the course is offered, and
kept in the office of the students residential college dean.
Senior projects and courses deemed by a department or program to be a constituent of
the senior requirement are evaluated with a letter grade. Additionally, the department
or program offering a particular independent study course may deem that such a
course should be exempted from Pass/Fail grading for a particular student because
the course meets an important requirement in the major. In such a case, the director of
undergraduate studies in the department or program that is offering the course may
petition the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing to permit the students
work in the course to be evaluated with a letter grade. Such a petition should be filed
by the date on which the students schedule is due in the term in which the student is
enrolling in the course and should provide sound academic reasons for the exception.
In no case will such a petition be accepted later than the date of midterm in the term in
which the course is being taken.
General Regulations Concerning Grades and

Transcripts
1. Record of courses A transcript is the record of courses in which a student has
enrolled during the students progress in completing the requirements of the
bachelors degree. All grades, passing and failing, thus appear on the transcript
and are counted in the calculation of grade point average (GPA). These include
passing grades earned in the first term of a credit/year course sequence in which the
second term is not completed, even though such grades do not count toward the
36-course-credit requirement for graduation. If a student remains in a course after
43
the date of midterm, the student is considered to have been enrolled in that course;
therefore, if a student withdraws from the course after midterm and before the first
day of the reading period, the mark W (for Withdrew) appears on the transcript in
association with the course. See paragraph 4 below.
2. Equal value of courses Passing grades contribute equally, to the extent to which
they carry course credit, toward the 36-course-credit requirement for graduation.
A grade of D in a course, for example, does not need to be balanced with a higher
grade in some other course.
3. Change of a grade A grade, once submitted by the instructor of a course to the
registrar, may not be changed except by vote of the Yale College Committee on
Honors and Academic Standing on petition of the instructor, unless it is the result
of a clerical error made in the instructors computation or in transcription of a
grade.
4. Deadlines for withdrawal from courses If a student has elected a full-term
course on the course schedule but formally withdraws from it before midterm,
as published in the Yale College Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines (p. 8), the
students transcript will contain no indication of that course after the withdrawal
has been recorded by the registrar. If a student has elected a half-term course on the
course schedule but formally withdraws from it by the relevant deadline published
in the Yale College Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines (p. 8), the student's
transcript will contain no indication of that course after the withdrawal has been
recorded by the registrar. See section F, Withdrawal from Courses (p. 50).
If a student enrolled in a full-term course formally withdraws from it after midterm
but before the first day of the reading period, the students transcript will record the
designation W (Withdrew) for the course. In credit/year course sequences in which
a student receives the mark of SAT or NSAT for the first term and a letter grade for
the second, a student who completes the first term but does not subsequently enroll
in the second term, or who subsequently withdraws from the second term before
the second term is completed, will have the designation W (Withdrew) recorded
for the first term of the sequence.
If a student enrolled in a half-term course formally withdraws from it after the
deadline for the course to be removed from the transcript, but by the last date a
withdrawal is permitted from the course, the student's transcript will record the
neutral designation W (Withdrew) for the course. See the Yale College Calendar
with Pertinent Deadlines (p. 8) for both dates in each term.
The mark of W is a neutral designation indicating simply that the student has been
enrolled in, but has withdrawn from, a course; while the course obviously carries
no credit toward the degree, the W implies no evaluation of a students work and
carries no implication whatsoever of failure. Withdrawal from a course after the last
day of classes, as published in the Yale College Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines
(p. 8), is not possible. See section F, Withdrawal from Courses (p. 50).
5. Incomplete work and postponed final examinations A student who has received
permission for a mark of Temporary Incomplete in a course, or who has been
authorized to take a makeup final examination in a course, is allowed the specified
period of time to repair the deficiency in the course. If the deficiency is not repaired
by a satisfactory performance within the stipulated time, then the designation
44
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
TI (Authorized Temporary Incomplete) or ABX (Authorized Absence from Final

Examination) is automatically converted by the registrar to the grade of F. See
Postponement of Final Examinations and Work Incomplete at the End of Term
in section H (p. 54).
Withdrawal from Yale College Whether a student withdraws from Yale College for
personal, medical, academic, or disciplinary reasons, the entry placed in each case
on the students transcript is the word Withdrew together with the date of the
withdrawal.
Tracks and programs within majors A transcript may show as a students major
subject only a designation approved for that purpose by the Yale College Faculty;
tracks or programs within majors may not appear on transcripts. The majors
approved by the faculty are listed under Majors in Yale College (p. 90).
Distribution of grade reports At registration each year, a student is given the
opportunity to declare whether his or her grades may be released to certain other
parties. If the student gives permission for grades to be released to a guardian or
to parents, after each term of that year the University Registrars Office will send
a grade report to them. If a student gives permission for grades to be released to a
secondary school or Alumni Schools Committee, grade reports will be furnished
to them only upon specific request of the school or the committee. Upon written
request of the student, the University Registrars Office will also send a copy of the
grade report to any additional person or agency designated by the student.
Early access to grade report Early access to recorded grades is available online
to students in any Yale College course for which they have completed or actively
declined to complete the online course evaluation form through the Yale Student
Information System (SIS).
Transcript orders Transcripts may be ordered either at Student Financial Services,
246 Church Street, or through the Web site of the University Registrars Office
(http://www.yale.edu/sfas/registrar). The charge is $7 per transcript.
C. Course Credits and Course Loads

Credit Value of Courses
Most courses in Yale College are term courses that carry one course credit if completed
with a passing grade. There are, however, some variations:
1. Double-credit courses A few courses in Yale College, including intensive language
or research courses, award two course credits for a single terms work.
2. Yearlong course sequences There are a few yearlong course sequences in which
two course credits are awarded upon the satisfactory completion of both terms
of the sequence; other course sequences, including some research and laboratory
courses, give one or four course credits for the successful completion of the full
years work. A student who fails the first term of a yearlong course sequence
may continue the sequence only with the instructors written permission, and
will receive course credit only for the successful completion of the second terms
work. A student who satisfactorily completes the first term of a yearlong course
sequence may receive course credit routinely for that terms work, except where
noted otherwise in the course listing.
45
Note that completion of a modern foreign language course numbered 110 does
not award credit unless and until the subsequent term, numbered 120, is also
successfully completed. Except in intensive, double-credit courses in which the
equivalent of one year of language study is covered in one term, credit may not
be given in any circumstance for the first term only of an introductory modern
foreign language; neither instructors nor departments have the authority to make
an exception to this rule. With some exceptions, credit will be given for successful
completion of the second term only of an introductory modern foreign language, or
for the first term only or the second term only of an intermediate modern foreign
language.
3. Laboratory courses Some laboratory courses carry no separate credit toward the
degree; others carry a full course credit for a terms work; and still others carry onehalf course credit.
4. Half-credit courses All courses that carry 0.5 or 1.5 course credits and that are not
bound by the credit/year restriction count toward the 36-course-credit requirement
for the bachelors degree.
Normal Program of Study

A student in Yale College normally takes four or five term courses, or their equivalent,
for each of eight terms.
1. Minimum course load A student may not enroll in a program of study worth fewer
than three course credits in one term. A student enrolled for three course credits
may withdraw from one course credit between midterm and the first day of the
reading period, receiving the neutral designation W (Withdrew) in that course.
Similarly, a student enrolled for four or more course credits may withdraw from one
or more courses as described above, but at no time may any student carry a schedule
of courses that will earn fewer than two course credits in a term.
2. Course loads requiring permission A three-course-credit program of study or a
six-course-credit program of study requires the permission of the residential college
dean. It is assumed that any student who requests permission to carry more than
five course credits does not intend to drop any of them. Permission for a program
of six course credits will normally not be given to a student who is not in academic
good standing.
3. Seven course credits in a term A student must petition the Yale College Committee
on Honors and Academic Standing for permission to take a program worth seven
credits in a term. In the petition the student must explicitly state an intention to
complete all the courses proposed.
4. Independent study Opportunities for independent study exist in many programs
and departments under various designations: directed reading or research,
individual reading or research, independent research or study, independent
or special projects, individual instruction in music performance, independent,
individual, or special tutorials, and the senior essay or project, among others. Note
that course credit earned in such study may not be used toward fulfillment of the
distributional requirements. Approval for any such particular course is given by the
department or program; however, approval for an independent study course is also
required from the Yale College Committee on Honors and Academic Standing if
certain limits are exceeded. A student must petition the committee for permission
46
to enroll in more than one such course credit in any one term before the senior
year or in more than two such course credits in any one term during the senior
year. Permission is also required for a student to enroll in more than three such
course credits in the first six terms of enrollment; included in this total are any
independent study courses completed in Yale Summer Session that are applied to
the Yale College transcript. In the petition the student must give sound academic
reasons for exceeding these limits and provide evidence that the additional work
in independent study will not be done at the expense of the breadth and depth of
study being pursued in regular Yale College courses.
D. Promotion and Good Standing

Requirements for Promotion
1. To be promoted to sophomore standing after two terms of enrollment, a student
must have earned at least eight course credits or the equivalent and have fulfilled the
distributional requirements for the freshman year.
2. To be promoted to junior standing after four terms of enrollment, a student must
have earned at least sixteen course credits or the equivalent and is expected to have
fulfilled the distributional requirements for the sophomore year.
3. To be promoted to senior standing after six terms of enrollment, a student must
have earned at least twenty-six course credits or the equivalent and is expected to
have fulfilled the distributional requirements for the junior year.
Requirements for Academic Good Standing

At the conclusion of each term of enrollment, a student must have earned enough
course credits to be in academic good standing.
1. At the end of the first term at Yale, a student must have earned at least four course
credits.
2. At the end of the second term, a student must have earned at least eight course
credits.
3. At the end of the third term, a student must have earned at least twelve course
credits.
4. At the end of the fourth term, a student must have earned at least sixteen course
credits.
5. At the end of the fifth term, a student must have earned at least twenty-one course
credits.
6. At the end of the sixth term, a student must have earned at least twenty-six course
credits.
7. At the end of the seventh term, a student must have earned at least thirty-one
course credits.
Regardless of the number of credits accumulated, a student is not in academic good
standing if the students record shows three grades of F in a term or over two or three
successive terms. Successive terms means successive terms in which the student
enrolls, whether or not broken by a withdrawal or by a leave of absence. See Dismissal
47
for Academic Reasons and Makeup of Course Deficiencies for Promotion or Academic
Good Standing in section I (p. 58).
E. Registration and Enrollment in Courses

Registration
Every student is required to register, and to create a preliminary online course schedule
as described below under Enrollment in Courses, at the beginning of each term in
which he or she is to be enrolled in courses at Yale College.
1. Fall-term registration To register for the fall term, all freshmen must attend a
registration meeting with their residential college dean and freshman counselor
on the Friday before classes begin, as published in the Yale College Calendar with
Pertinent Deadlines (p. 8). Upperclassmen must attend the registration meeting
conducted by the office of the residential college dean on the day before classes
begin, as published in the Yale College Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines (p. 8).
Students whose registration is being temporarily withheld by the Office of Student
Financial Services or by any other administrative office of the University are
nonetheless required to attend the appropriate registration meeting.
2. Spring-term registration To register for the spring term, freshmen are required
to attend a registration meeting in their residential college on the day before
classes begin, as specified in the Yale College Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines
(p. 8). Sophomores, juniors, and seniors are required to pick up registration
materials from the office of the residential college dean on the first day of classes,
as specified in the Yale College Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines (p. 8). Students
whose registration is being temporarily withheld by an administrative office of the
University are nonetheless required to report for spring-term registration as given
immediately above.
3. Late registration A student who, for reasons other than incapacitating illness,
the death of a family member, or a comparable emergency, fails to follow the
registration procedures in paragraph 1 or 2 above may register for the term only by
exceptional action of the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing and will be
liable to a fine of $50.
Enrollment in Courses
Enrollment in courses can be accomplished only by the submission of an approved
course schedule or, in amendment of the course schedule, by the submission of an
approved course change notice. Attendance at a class does not constitute enrollment.
The course schedule is an important document. A student is responsible for the timely
submission of the course schedule and for the accuracy of all the information that
the student enters upon it. The course elections that a student indicates on a course
schedule or course change notice shall appear on the students transcript unless a
student formally withdraws from a course before the relevant deadline, as listed in the
Yale College Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines (p. 8). See section F, Withdrawal from
Courses (p. 50).
The following rules govern students enrollment in courses during the fall and spring
terms of the academic year:
48
1. Preliminary online course schedule In both fall and spring terms, students in
all classes must create a preliminary course schedule in Online Course Selection
(OCS) by 11:59 p.m. on the day before classes begin. Students who fail to submit a
preliminary schedule by the deadline will be charged a fine of $50. The preliminary
course schedule must contain at least three course credits. Students are expected
to edit their online course schedules regularly during the course selection period,
retaining courses they are actively considering and removing courses in which they
do not plan to enroll.
2. Deadline for submitting final schedules Every student must submit a final course
schedule for each term at the office of the residential college dean by 5 p.m. on the
deadline indicated on the students course schedule and listed in the Yale College
Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines (p. 8). Students whose registration has been
withheld by the Office of Student Financial Services or any other administrative
office of the University must nonetheless submit their course schedules by these
same deadlines.
It is the students responsibility to obtain all necessary signatures, except that of
the residential college dean, before the schedule is due. In the rare instance that the
students adviser is unavailable before the deadline, the student should nonetheless
submit the schedule on time, and take a copy to be signed by the adviser and
submitted to the dean as soon as possible. If the student does not submit a copy of
the schedule signed by the adviser within one week of the deadline, the student will
be subject to the fines and restrictions described under paragraphs 4 and 5 below.
3. Addition of a new course after the deadline The election of a new course after the
deadline for submitting a course schedule will not be permitted save by exceptional
action of the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing. Students who
seek such an exception should consult immediately with the residential college
dean. Permission to elect a new course must be requested by a petition that is
accompanied by the written approval of the course instructor and the submission
of a course change notice at the office of the residential college dean. The petition
should explain in detail why the course is necessary to the students schedule
and why the student was unable to elect the course during the course selection
period. Timeliness is an essential feature of any request to add a course to the course
schedule; a delay in consulting with the dean or in submitting a complete petition
will normally be grounds for denial. A fee of $20 will be charged for the processing
of an approved course change notice on which the election of a new course is
requested. A student may not elect a new course after midterm, as published in the
Yale College Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines (p. 8), unless such election is made
to correct a clerical error on the course schedule. A change of level in courses in
which the subject is taught in an ordered progression, as for example in languages
or in mathematics, is not considered the addition of a new course. Such a change
may be made with the approval of the instructors involved (and, if necessary, with
the added permission of the director of undergraduate studies in the subject).
Similarly, a change of section in the same course is not considered the addition of a
new course.
4. Fines for late schedules Students who submit their schedules after the deadlines
will be fined at least $50. Additional fines, increased $5 daily according to lateness,
will be imposed for schedules submitted more than one week after the deadlines.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
49
A schedule received more than two weeks after it is due will be accepted only by
exceptional action of the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing and will be
subject to an increased fine or other penalty.
Credit/D/Fail option A student who submits a course schedule after the date on
which it is due may not employ the Credit/D/Fail option in any course during that
term. See Credit/D/Fail Option in section B (p. 40), paragraph 9.
Fines for clerical errors A student who submits a course schedule or course change
notice with clerical errors or omissions of data is liable to a fine of $50.
Overlapping meeting times A student may not elect courses with meeting times
that overlap. If, for good cause, a student is obliged to elect two courses with a small
and insignificant overlap in meeting times, the student must supply the residential
college dean with the written permission of both instructors at the beginning of
the term and must petition the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing,
explaining why the student must enroll in both courses in the current term and
how the student will meet all the requirements for both courses. Failure to file a
complete and timely petition may result in the loss of credit for both courses.
Courses requiring permission Some courses require permission of the instructor
to enroll; others require permission of the director of undergraduate studies. It
is the responsibility of the student to secure the appropriate permission before
enrolling in a course. If a student enters a course on the course schedule without the
appropriate permission, the instructor may direct the registrar to drop the student
from the class.
Courses that do not require permission Courses that do not require permission
for enrollment may nevertheless be limited in their enrollment (i.e., capped) at
the beginning of the term, depending upon, for example, the number of teaching
assistants available, the size of the appropriate meeting space, or other instructional
needs.
Prerequisites Students are expected to have met the prerequisites published in
course descriptions. If a student wishes to elect a course for which prerequisites
are indicated but has not met those prerequisites, it is the students responsibility
to secure the permission of the instructor and, where appropriate, the director of
undergraduate studies before enrolling. The registrar may drop the student from
the class if the student has not met the prerequisites for enrollment.
Teaching evaluations For the advancement of teaching in Yale College, anonymous
teaching evaluations are made available through the Yale Student Information
System (SIS). Students are expected to participate in this evaluation process for
any Yale College course in which they are enrolled. Students who withdraw from a
course after midterm are invited but not required to participate.
Selection of a less advanced course in the same subject In certain subjects, such
as mathematics, foreign languages, and the sciences, knowledge of the subject is
acquired in an ordered progression. That is, the concepts and skills introduced in
one course are necessary, or prerequisite, for mastery of the material in subsequent
courses in that field. Occasionally a student, having completed an intermediate or
advanced course in a subject, may take a less advanced one in that same subject. In
such a case, although the student obviously cannot receive course credit for both
courses, each course will appear on the students transcript with the grades earned;
however, the student will receive course credit only for the more advanced course.
50
13.
14.
15.
16.
A student may sometimes be permitted to complete an intermediate or advanced

course without having first completed a less advanced course in a subject; in such
a case, the student does not receive course credit for the less advanced course by
virtue of having completed the more advanced course.
Repeated enrollment in the same course Courses may not be repeated for credit,
except for courses marked May be taken more than once or May be repeated
for credit. In such cases, the repeated course earns no additional distributional
credit. On some rare occasions, a student may take the same course over again, or
may take a course with the same content as another course the student has already
passed. In such cases, the student receives credit for the course only once. Should
a student take the same or an equivalent course twice, each course with its grade
appears on the transcript. The student receives course credit for the higher grade if
one is earned; in such an event, course credit is not given for the lower grade. Note,
however, that both grades are included in the calculation of a students grade point
average (GPA) and in the calculation for General Honors.
Placement in foreign language courses Students placed by a language program or
by their score on the Advanced Placement examination into a particular level of a
foreign language may not earn course credit for the completion of a course in that
language at a level lower than the placement. For example, a student placed into the
third term (L3) of a foreign language earns no course credit for the completion of
an L1 or L2 course in that language. Should a student complete a foreign language
course at a level lower than the placement, the lower-level course with its grade
appears on the transcript but earns no credit toward graduation.
Use of vertebrate animals If the satisfactory completion of a course will require
the use of vertebrate animals in experiments, the student must be notified of
that requirement at the first meeting of the course. If a student objects on ethical
grounds to participating in the animal usage in question, it is the students
responsibility to discuss the matter with the faculty member in charge and not
to enroll in the course if no alternative acceptable to the faculty member can be
arranged.
Field trips If the satisfactory completion of a course will require participation in
a field trip, students should understand that there are inherent risks, including
the risks of travel, involved in such an activity. If a student objects to assuming
these risks, it is the students responsibility to discuss the matter with the faculty
member in charge and not to enroll in the course if no alternative acceptable to
the faculty member can be arranged. Yale Colleges policies regarding field trips
can be found at the Yale College Academic Field Trip Policies Web site (http://
yalecollege.yale.edu/content/academic-field-trip-policies).
F. Withdrawal from Courses

Students are permitted to withdraw from courses for which they have enrolled in
a term until 5 p.m. on the last day of classes before the reading period in that term.
Withdrawal from a course can be accomplished only by the submission of a course
change notice at the office of the residential college dean. A fee of $20 will be charged
for the processing of an approved course change notice on which withdrawal from a
course is requested. Formal withdrawal is important, because failure to receive credit
for courses in which students are enrolled will be recorded as F on their transcripts and
51
may open them to the penalties described under Academic Warning and Dismissal
for Academic Reasons in section I (p. 58).
1. Transcripts Each course listed on a students course schedule appears on the
students transcript unless the student withdraws from the course by midterm. See
paragraph 3 below.
2. Permission All course withdrawals require the permission of the residential college
dean.
3. Deadlines for withdrawal from courses If a student formally withdraws from
a full-term course by midterm, as published in the Yale College Calendar with
Pertinent Deadlines (p. 8), then after the registrar has recorded the withdrawal, the
transcript will contain no indication of that course. If a student formally withdraws
from a half-term course by the relevant deadline published in the Yale College
Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines (p. 8), then after the registrar has recorded the
withdrawal, the transcript will contain no indication of that course.
If a student formally withdraws from a full-term course after midterm but before
5 p.m. on the last day of classes before the reading period, the transcript will
record the course and show the neutral designation W (Withdrew) for the course.
If a student enrolled in a half-term course formally withdraws from it after the
deadline for the course to be removed from the transcript, but by the last date a
withdrawal is permitted from the course, the students transcript will record the
neutral designation W (Withdrew) for the course. See the Yale College Calendar
with Pertinent Deadlines (p. 8) for both dates in each term. The deadlines apply to
all courses, whether or not a particular course observes the reading period.
A change of level in courses in which the subject is taught in an ordered
progression, as, for example, in foreign languages or in mathematics, is not
considered a course withdrawal and does not result in the recording of a W.
After these deadlines, withdrawal from a course is not permitted. An exception will
be made only for a student who withdraws from Yale College for medical reasons
as certified by Yale Health after the beginning of the reading period but by the last
day of the final examination period; in such a case the student will be permitted to
withdraw from a course with a mark of W.
4. Withdrawal from a credit/year sequence For those credit/year course sequences
in which a student receives the mark of SAT or NSAT for the first term and a letter
grade for the second, withdrawal from the sequence after the first term is completed
but before the second term is completed will result in the recording of a mark of W
for the first term.
5. Lack of formal withdrawal If, when grades are due, the instructor of a course
notifies the registrar that a student has not successfully completed a course from
which the student has not formally withdrawn, then a grade of F will be recorded
for that course on the students transcript. See General Regulations Concerning
Grades and Transcripts in section B (p. 40). See also Work Incomplete at the
End of Term and Postponement of Final Examinations in section H (p. 54).
6. Withdrawal from Yale College A student who has withdrawn from Yale College for
any reason, including medical, is no longer enrolled. Consequently, as of the date of
the withdrawal, such a student cannot continue to attend classes or complete work
that was assigned in the term in which the withdrawal occurred, even if the deadline
52
for such assignments was previously extended by the instructor or by the residential
college dean.
7. Transcripts of students withdrawn from Yale College It follows that if a student
withdraws from Yale College by midterm, the transcript will not show that the
student has been enrolled in any course during that term. If a student withdraws
from Yale College after midterm, but before 5 p.m. on the last day of classes
before the reading period, the transcript will record the students courses with the
designation W (Withdrew). If a student withdraws from Yale College after the
beginning of the reading period, the transcript will show the students courses with
grades of F unless an instructor reports a passing grade for the student in any of the
courses. The only exception is for a student who withdraws from Yale College for
medical reasons after the beginning of the reading period but before the end of the
term; see paragraph 3 above.
G. Reading Period and Final Examination Period

1. Due dates for course work It is expected that instructors will require all course
assignments, other than term papers and term projects, to be submitted at the
latest by the last day of reading period. Term papers and term projects are to be
submitted at the latest by the last day of the final examination period. For the
dates of the reading period and final examination period, consult the Yale College
Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines (p. 8). Instructors do not have the authority
to give permission for these deadlines to be extended; only the residential college
dean has this authority. See Work Incomplete at the End of Term in section H
(p. 54). Even if an extended deadline should be announced by the instructor, a
grade reflecting work submitted after the end of the term cannot be accepted unless
a Temporary Incomplete was authorized by the students residential college dean.
2. Reading period The Yale College Faculty established the reading period between
the end of classes and the beginning of final examinations in order to provide a
period of about a week during which students might conclude their course work
and prepare for final examinations. The instructor of each course determines
whether or not that course observes the reading period. A course that does not
observe the reading period is identified in the course listings by the abbreviation
RP at the end of the course description or by a phrase such as Meets RP or
Meets during reading period.
The assumption underlying the facultys institution of the reading period was
that no additional assignments would be required during the reading period in a
course observing it, but that students would use the reading period in their own
way to consolidate and augment the work of the course. Such being the case,
no final examination may be administered during the reading period. A final
examination in a course, whether or not the course observes the reading period,
must be administered during the final examination period. No take-home final
examination may be due during the reading period. An instructor may, however, set
the due date for a term paper or project during the reading period.
3. Final examinations Yale College expects every course to conclude with a regular
final examination or with a substitute for such an examination. The substitute
should be in the nature of a final examination in that it requires the student
to demonstrate proficiency in the discipline and subject matter of the course.
4.
5.
6.
7.
53
Substitutes may include, for example, an oral presentation or examination, a term

essay, or the last of a series of hour tests administered during the last week of
classes. Final examinations normally last either two or three hours but, in either
case, students are permitted to take an additional half-hour before being required to
turn in their answers. This additional time is given for improving what has already
been written, rather than for breaking new ground.
Scheduling of final examinations The University Registrars Office has assigned a
specific time and date for the administration of final examinations in most courses
in Yale College. The time of the final examination is determined by the meeting
time of a course during the term. If the meeting time of a course is changed from
that originally published, the time of the examination is defined by the new meeting
time. If a course is published with no scheduled examination but the instructor
subsequently decides to offer a final examination, it must be administered at the
time defined by the meeting time of the course. A schedule of final examinations
may be found on the page Final Examination Schedules (p. 14).
Date of administering final examinations Since the final examination schedule has
been carefully designed to make efficient use of the entire final examination period
and to minimize overcrowding of students schedules, a final examination must be
administered on the date and at the time specified. On occasion instructors have
administered final examinations at times different from those assigned. Such an
arrangement is allowed under the following conditions: (a) that two different and
distinct final examinations be administered; (b) that one of these examinations be
administered at the regularly specified time within the final examination period; (c)
that the alternative examination be administered at a regular examination starting
time during the final examination period; and (d) that no student be required to
obtain permission to take the alternative examination.
Take-home final examinations Take-home final examinations are sometimes
substituted for regular final examinations. If a course has been assigned a final
examination date, a take-home examination for that course is due on the scheduled
examination day. If a course has not been assigned a final examination date, a
take-home examination for the course is due on the day specified in the final
examination schedule by the meeting time of the course. See Final Examination
Schedules (p. 14). If a course does not meet at a time covered by the final
examination schedule, a take-home examination may not be due during the first
three days of the final examination period. No take-home examination may be due
during the reading period.
Due dates for term grades An instructor is required to submit term grades
promptly after the completion of a course. Fall-term grades are due by 5 p.m. on
January 4, 2016; spring-term grades are due within one week of the end of the final
examination period; grades for seniors in the spring term are due within forty-eight
hours of the end of the final examination period.
In submitting term grades, the instructor is expected to apply appropriate penalties
for missed or incomplete work unless the late submission of the work has been
authorized by the students residential college dean or by the Committee on Honors
and Academic Standing. If an instructor reports a mark of Incomplete for which
there has been no authorization by the college dean, the Incomplete will be recorded
by the University Registrars Office as a grade of F.
54
8. An hour test at the end of term instead of a final examination Some instructors do
not give final examinations of the usual two-and-one-half-hour or three-and-onehalf-hour length, but instead terminate their courses with an hour test that is the
last in a succession of hour tests administered during the term.
For courses that do not observe the reading period, this hour test may be
administered during the reading period, since, in such courses, regular class
meetings are scheduled to extend through the reading period. A course that does
not observe the reading period may also administer the hour test during the final
examination period at the time specified in the final examination schedule.
For courses that do observe the reading period, the hour test may not be
administered during the reading period, but may be administered only during the
last week of classes or during the final examination period at the time specified in
the final examination schedule.
9. Senior departmental examinations In those major programs requiring a
senior departmental examination, that examination is scheduled on the two
weekdays preceding the final examination period in the fall and spring terms.
In a department or program in which a two-day written senior departmental
examination is administered on those days, a senior may, with the written consent
of the appropriate instructors, be excused from final examinations in as many as
two courses in the major in the term in which he or she takes the departmental
examination. In a department or program in which the senior departmental
examination takes place on only one of the two scheduled days, a senior may, with
the written consent of the instructor, be excused from the final examination in one
course in the major in the term in which the departmental examination is taken. If
the senior departmental examination takes place before the scheduled days, or if a
senior essay or senior project takes the place of the examination, a student may not
omit a final examination.
H. Completion of Course Work

Submission of Course Work to Instructors
Students in Yale College are expected to take personal responsibility for the timely
delivery to their instructors of all course work, including examinations, in the manner
and format prescribed by the instructors. It is generally expected that the student
will submit course work in person, either to the instructor or to a person explicitly
designated by the instructor, such as a teaching fellow or an administrative assistant.
Students who submit course work in a manner other than in person, directly to an
appropriate individual (e.g., place it under a door or in a box in a hallway), do so at
their own risk. Students who must use postal services to submit a course assignment,
because they will be unavoidably absent from campus at the time an assignment is due,
should ascertain in advance from the instructor the correct mailing address and use
receipted mail services to establish the date of mailing.
Instructors are not required to accept course work sent over a computer network to
their computer, printer, or e-mail account unless they have explicitly authorized such
electronic submission in the syllabus for the course or have made a special arrangement
with the student. Instructors may establish a deadline for electronic submission
55
of a particular assignment different from the deadline for submission of the same
assignment on paper.
Late or Postponed Work

There are three kinds of late or postponed work: (1) work late during term time; (2)
work incomplete at the end of term; and (3) postponed final examinations. Instructors
of courses may, during term time, give permission to make up late or missed work,
provided that such work is submitted before the end of term. Only the residential
college dean, however, may authorize the late submission of work still incomplete at the
end of term, or the postponement of a final examination.
When students know in advance that they must miss or postpone work for a legitimate
reason, as described below in Work Missed During the Term and in Postponement
of Final Examinations, they should inform the instructor and the residential college
dean as soon as possible.
Work Missed During the Term

The basic responsibility for permitting postponement of work during the term is the
instructors. However, the residential college dean may give permission for a student
to make up work missed or delayed during the term because of an incapacitating
illness, the death of a family member, or a comparable emergency. The residential
college dean also has authority to give permission to make up work missed because
of the observance of religious holy days and because of participation required in
intercollegiate varsity athletic events. Only in these cases does a residential college
dean have authority to give permission to make up late work during term time. This
permission is conveyed by means of a special form from the college dean that the
student delivers to the instructor. Students participating in events of intramural or club
sports, as differentiated from varsity events sponsored by the Department of Athletics,
are not eligible for a postponement of work by the dean on account of those events.
In all other cases of work missed during the term, permission to make up course work
must be secured directly from the instructor of the course, since the instructor is the
only person who can decide, in the context of the nature and requirements of the
course, whether such permission is appropriate. This permission may not, however,
extend beyond the end of the term. Permission to submit work still incomplete at the
end of term may be granted only by a students residential college dean. See Work
Incomplete at the End of Term.
Work Incomplete at the End of Term

Only the residential college dean has authority to give permission to a student to
submit work in a course after the end of term. The college dean may give such
permission because of an incapacitating illness, because of a serious family emergency,
or because of another matter of comparable moment. In such cases the college dean
may authorize a mark of Temporary Incomplete for a period not to exceed one month
from the beginning of the final examination period. Note that the mark of Temporary
Incomplete refers to unfinished course work, not to a final examination missed for any
reason; see Postponement of Final Examinations.
The residential college dean, in authorizing a mark of Temporary Incomplete, will
stipulate the date on which the students late work will be due and the date on which
56
the instructor is expected to submit a course grade to the registrar. The college
dean may not set this second date later than one month after the beginning of the
final examination period. If the students work has not been completed in time for
the instructor to report a grade to the registrar by the deadline stipulated, then the
instructor will submit a grade for the student that reflects the absence of the missing
work, or the registrar will convert the mark of Temporary Incomplete to a grade of F.
See General Regulations Concerning Grades and Transcripts in section B (p. 40),
and section F, Withdrawal from Courses (p. 50).
Permission for a mark of Temporary Incomplete to last beyond one month from the
beginning of the final examination period can be granted only by the Yale College
Committee on Honors and Academic Standing. Such an extension may be given
only for a brief period of time, usually one to two weeks, and only in response to
extraordinary circumstances, usually of a medical nature. A petition for such permission
must be submitted at the earliest possible date. In considering such requests, the
Committee on Honors and Academic Standing takes into account the original deadline
for submission of the work and the date on which a petition is delivered to the
committee.
Use of Computers and Postponement of Work

Problems that may arise from the use of computers, software, and printers normally are
not considered legitimate reasons for the postponement of work. A student who uses
computers is responsible for operating them properly and completing work on time.
(It is expected that a student will exercise reasonable prudence to safeguard materials,
including saving data on removable disks at frequent intervals and making duplicate
copies of work files.) Any computer work should be completed well in advance of the
deadline in order to avoid last-minute technical problems as well as delays caused by
heavy demand on shared computer resources in Yale College.
Postponement of Final Examinations

Only the residential college dean may authorize postponement of a final examination.
The residential college dean may give such permission because of an incapacitating
illness, because of a family emergency requiring the students absence from New
Haven, or because of another matter of comparable moment. The residential college
dean may also authorize such a postponement because of the observance of religious
holy days, or because of participation required in an intercollegiate varsity athletic
event. Students participating in events of intramural or club sports, as differentiated
from varsity events sponsored by the Department of Athletics, are not eligible for a
postponement of final examinations on account of those events. Finally, the college
dean may authorize postponement of a final examination if a student has three
examinations scheduled during the first two days of the final examination period, or
three examinations scheduled consecutively in the final examination schedules.* The
postponement of a final examination for any other reason requires the permission of the
Committee on Honors and Academic Standing. A students end-of-term travel plans
are not a basis for the postponement of a final examination. See Final Examination
Schedules (p. 14) and paragraph 4 in section G, Reading Period and Final Examination
Period (p. 52).

*
57
The final examination schedules indicate three examination sessions, or time

slots, per day: one in the morning, one in the afternoon, and one in the evening.
Some of these time slots contain examinations; others do not. A college dean may
postpone an examination if a student has three examinations scheduled within
any four consecutive time slots, whether or not each of those time slots has an
examination assigned to it. See Final Examination Schedules (p. 14). Occasionally
an instructor may arrange an option for an alternative final examination in
addition to the regularly scheduled examination. See paragraph 5 in section G,
Reading Period and Final Examination Period (p. 52). Such an optional
arrangement cannot be the basis for a postponement of an examination if three of
a students final examinations would thereby acquire consecutive status.
It is normally the expectation that when a student begins a final examination but
does not complete it, the student will receive credit only for the work completed on
the examination. If, however, a student becomes unable to complete an examination
because of a sudden and serious illness or other emergency during the examination, the
student may request authorization from the residential college dean to take a makeup
final examination. In such a case, the student must explain his or her departure to the
instructor, or to some other person proctoring the examination, before leaving the
room, and must contact Yale Health or the residential college dean as soon as possible
thereafter.
Makeup examinations for the fall term are scheduled to take place at the end of the
second week of classes in the spring term. Makeup examinations for underclassmen
who miss final examinations in the spring term are scheduled at the end of the second
week of classes in the following fall term. Makeup final examinations are administered
by the University Registrars Office only at these times. Students who will not be
enrolled at these timeswhether because they are on leave of absence or on a Year
or Term Abroad, or because they have withdrawn from Yalemust make alternative
arrangements with the University Registrars Office in advance of the dates on which
makeup final examinations are administered by that office. The registrar automatically
records a grade of F in a course for a student who fails to take an officially scheduled
makeup examination in that course at the appointed time. If an examination is not
administered by the registrar, it is the students responsibility to make arrangements
with the instructor to take the makeup examination. In such cases, if a grade is
not received by the midterm following the original examination date, the registrar
automatically records a grade of F in the course.
No fee will be charged for a makeup examination necessitated by illness, family
emergency, the observance of a religious holy day, or participation required in an
intercollegiate varsity athletic event. A charge of $35 will be made for the administration
of a makeup examination occasioned by a conflict between two final examinations
scheduled at the same time, or three examinations scheduled in the first two days of the
examination period, or three final examinations scheduled in consecutive examination
periods. Ordinarily there will be a charge of $35 for makeup examinations authorized
for special reasons approved by the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing.
58
Permission to postpone a final examination does not also carry authorization for a
student to submit other work late in that course. See Work Incomplete at the End of
Term.
I. Academic Penalties and Restrictions

Cut Restriction
Regular classroom attendance is expected of all students. While Yale College enforces
no general regulation concerning attendance, instructors of individual courses may
require it of all students. This is particularly the case in discussion groups, seminars,
laboratories, and courses in foreign languages.
A student who, in the opinion of the instructor and of the residential college dean, has
been absent from a course to an excessive degree and without excuse may at any time be
placed on Cut Restriction in that course or in all courses. A student on Cut Restriction
who continues to be absent from a course may, with the concurrence of the college dean
and the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing, be excluded from it without
credit. See Exclusion from Courses.
Exclusion from Courses

Any student may, because of excessive absences or unsatisfactory work, be excluded
from a course without credit at any time upon recommendation, made by the instructor
or department concerned, to the residential college dean and the Committee on Honors
and Academic Standing. If the exclusion occurs after midterm and before the first day
of the reading period, the students record will show a mark of W for the course.
Academic Warning
Academic Warning is an indication that a students scholastic record is unsatisfactory.
Students on Academic Warning who do not pass all of their courses in the term in
which they are on Academic Warning will be dismissed for academic reasons. No
matter how many course credits a student has earned, Academic Warning is automatic
in the following cases: (a) failure in one term to earn more than two course credits;
(b) a record that shows two grades of F in one term; (c) in two successive terms, a
record that shows a grade of F for any course. The college deans attempt to give written
notification of Academic Warning to students whose records show these deficiencies,
but such students should regard themselves as being on warning even in the absence of
written notification. A student permitted to continue in Yale College with fewer than
the number of course credits ordinarily required for academic good standing may be
placed on Academic Warning, and in such a case the student will be notified that he
or she has been placed on warning. See Requirements for Academic Good Standing
in section D, Promotion and Good Standing (p. 46). The Committee on Honors
and Academic Standing may at its discretion disqualify a student on Academic Warning
from participation in recognized University organizations.
Dismissal for Academic Reasons

1. Failure in three classes A record that shows three grades of F in a term or over two
or three successive terms will normally result in the students dismissal from Yale
College. Successive terms means successive terms in which the student enrolls,
whether or not broken by a withdrawal or by a leave of absence.
59
2. Failure to meet requirements for good standing or promotion A student who

has not, at the end of a term, met the minimum requirements for academic
good standing, or a student who has failed to meet the minimum standards for
promotion, may be dismissed unless permitted by the Committee on Honors and
Academic Standing to repair the deficiency. See Makeup of Course Deficiencies
for Promotion or Academic Good Standing below and section D, Promotion and
Good Standing. (p. 46) A student who is short by more than two credits of
the minimum requirements for academic good standing or promotion, even if the
student has no grades of F, will be dismissed.
3. Students on Academic Warning A record that shows a grade of F for a student
who is on Academic Warning in that term will result in that students dismissal for
academic reasons. See Academic Warning.
4. Reinstated students A student reinstated to Yale College who does not, in the
first or second term following reinstatement, pass all the courses completed in
that term will be dismissed for academic reasons. See Reinstatement in section J
(p. 59).
In addition, at any point during the year a student may be dismissed from Yale College
if in the judgment of the Yale College Committee on Honors and Academic Standing
the students academic record is unsatisfactory.
Makeup of Course Deficiencies for Promotion or

Academic Good Standing
A student who has failed to satisfy the requirements for promotion or for academic
good standing, if permitted to continue by the Committee on Honors and Academic
Standing, must repair the deficiency promptly. Such deficiencies are to be repaired
before the opening of the next fall term by work in summer school. The institution to
be attended and the courses to be taken require the approval of the residential college
dean. See section O, Credit from Other Universities (p. 81). Only in extraordinary
circumstances will a student be allowed to repair a deficiency by carrying an additional
course during the following academic year. Course deficiencies may not be repaired
under any circumstances by the application of acceleration credits.
J. Leave of Absence, Withdrawal, and

Reinstatement
Leave of Absence
Any student in Yale College who is in academic good standing will normally receive
permission, upon petition to the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing
through the residential college dean, to take one or two terms of leave of absence,
provided that the student departs in academic good standing at the end of a term and
returns at the beginning of a term. See Requirements for Academic Good Standing
in section D (p. 46). In order that the University may make plans to maintain
enrollment at the established level, students desiring leaves of absence are requested to
make their intentions known to their residential college deans as soon as possible. Yale
College assumes that students who take leaves of absence will inform their parents or
guardians in good time that they intend to do so. Ordinarily, residential college deans
60
do not notify parents or guardians that a student has taken a leave of absence, though
they may do so if they believe that such notification is appropriate.
1. Petition for a fall-term leave For a fall-term leave of absence, a student is requested
to submit a petition by May 1. Since a students plans often change during
the summer, however, the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing will
ordinarily grant a petition for a leave that is received on or before the tenth day of
the term in the fall.
2. Petition for a spring-term leave For a spring-term leave of absence, a students
petition must be received on or before the tenth day of the term in the spring.
3. Relinquishing housing Students considering a leave of absence should be aware
that there is a substantial financial penalty for relinquishing on-campus housing
after the relevant deadlines for relinquishing such housing. See Rebates of
Undergraduate Charges in the section Financial Services in the Yale College
online publication Undergraduate Regulations (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/campuslife/undergraduate-regulations).
4. Canceling a leave A student may cancel a leave of absence for either term as late as
the first day of classes in the term for which the leave has been requested. However,
the deadlines for payment of the term bill and the penalties for late payment apply
in such cases. See Payment of Bills in the section Financial Services in the
Undergraduate Regulations.
5. Total terms of leave A student is eligible for a total of two terms of leave of
absence. These two terms need not be taken consecutively.
6. Accelerated students A student taking an accelerated degree by use of acceleration
credits who has had two terms of leave of absence may receive a third term of leave
if the third term of leave is needed to bring the students pattern of attendance into
conformity with the pattern of attendance stipulated for an accelerated degree. See
section P, Acceleration Policies (p. 84).
7. Returning from a leave Permission to take a leave of absence normally includes
the right to return, with prior notification to the residential college dean but
without further application, at the beginning of the term specified in the students
petition to the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing. In the case,
however, in which a student achieved eligibility for a leave of absence because of
a postponement of a deadline for course work as a result of an identified medical
problem, the Yale College Deans Office may require medical clearance from Yale
Health before the students return from the leave of absence. Such clearance may
also be required for a student who had sought and had been granted, on medical
grounds, a waiver of the fee for the late relinquishment of housing at the time the
leave of absence was requested.
8. Financial aid Students taking leaves of absence who have received long-term loans
will be sent information about their loan repayment obligations, which in most
cases begin six months after the last day of formal enrollment at Yale. A student
taking a leave of absence who is receiving financial aid through Yale must consult
with a counselor in the Student Financial Services Center before leaving Yale; see
Rebates of Undergraduate Charges in the section Financial Services in the
Undergraduate Regulations.
61
9. Health coverage A student on a leave of absence is eligible to retain coverage by

Yale Health during the time of the leave, but the student must take the initiative to
apply for continued membership in Yale Health by completing an application form
and paying the fee for membership. See Leave of Absence in the section Health
Services in the Undergraduate Regulations. Application forms and details about
medical coverage while on leave of absence may be obtained from the Member
Services Department of Yale Health.
Medical Withdrawal
A withdrawal for medical reasons must be authorized by the director of Yale Health
or the chief of the Mental Health and Counseling department, or by their official
designees within the Health Center. If a student under the care of a nonYale Health
physician wishes to withdraw for medical reasons, that physician should submit
sufficient medical history to the director of Yale Health for a final decision on the
recommendation. A student planning to return to Yale should discuss the requirements
for reinstatement with the residential college dean or the chair of the Committee on
Reinstatement, (203) 432-2914.
Yale College reserves the right to require a student to withdraw for medical reasons
when, on recommendation of the director of Yale Health or the chief of the Mental
Health and Counseling department, the dean of Yale College determines that the
student is a danger to self or others because of a serious medical problem, or that
the student has refused to cooperate with efforts deemed necessary by Yale Health
to determine if the student is such a danger. An appeal of such a withdrawal must be
made in writing to the dean of Yale College no later than seven days from the date of
withdrawal.
Withdrawal for Personal Reasons

At any time during the year, a student may withdraw from Yale College for personal
reasons. After consulting with the residential college dean, a student wishing to
withdraw should write a letter of resignation to the college dean. In consulting with the
college dean, a student planning to return to Yale should discuss the requirements for
reinstatement. Also, students in academic good standing who fail to register in a term
will be withdrawn for personal reasons.
A student who withdraws from Yale College for personal reasons rather than face
disciplinary charges that are pending against that student will not be eligible for Yale
College reinstatement, re-enrollment, or a Yale College degree, and a notation to this
effect will be entered on the transcript.
Rebates of Undergraduate Charges

For information on financial rebates on account of withdrawal from Yale College,
consult the section Financial Services in the Undergraduate Regulations (http://
yalecollege.yale.edu/campus-life/undergraduate-regulations).
Reinstatement
During the time that a student who has withdrawn is away from Yale College, the
Committee on Reinstatement expects him or her to have been constructively occupied
and to have maintained a satisfactory standard of conduct.
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Students whose withdrawal was for either academic reasons or personal reasons
must remain away for at least one fall term and one spring term, in either order,
not including the term in which the withdrawal occurred. (Note that students who
withdrew for personal reasons rather than face disciplinary charges that are pending
against them are not eligible for reinstatement; see above under Withdrawal for
Personal Reasons.) Students whose withdrawal had been authorized as medical by the
director of Yale Health must normally remain away at least one full term before a return
to Yale College, not including the term in which the withdrawal occurred. The period
of withdrawal for disciplinary reasons is set by the Yale College Executive Committee at
the time the students enrollment is suspended.
Further requirements depend to some extent on the circumstances of the withdrawal
and its duration. Students who are not in academic good standing, i.e., students who
withdrew while a term was in progress or who were dismissed for academic reasons,
must ordinarily complete the equivalent of at least two term courses, either in Yale
Summer Session or at another college or university, earning grades of A or B. See
section I, Academic Penalties and Restrictions (p. 58). Courses conducted on line,
whether taken at Yale Summer Session or elsewhere, do not fulfill this reinstatement
requirement. In general, such a record of course work is also required of students who
withdrew for medical reasons and of any students who have been away from full-time
academic work for two years or more, whether or not they were in academic good
standing at the time of their departure, in order to demonstrate that upon return they
can satisfactorily complete their academic program. Courses themselves, as well as
the institution at which they are taken, should be cleared in advance with the chair of
the Committee on Reinstatement or the applicants residential college dean. In some
cases, the Committee on Reinstatement may require more than two courses or courses
in a specific subject area. All such course work must be completed no later than the
opening of the term to which the student has applied to be reinstated, but no earlier
than two years before the date that term begins. Courses completed in fulfillment of
reinstatement that are eligible for graduation credit must be applied to the students
Yale College transcript.
Inquiries about reinstatement should be directed to the chair of the Committee
on Reinstatement, Yale College Deans Office, 110 SSS, Yale University, P.O. Box
208241, New Haven, CT 06520-8241 or (203) 432-2914. For reinstatement to a fall
term, applications must be submitted in person or by receipted mail by July 1. For
reinstatement to a spring term, applications must be submitted in person or by
receipted mail by November 1. These deadlines are strictly enforced.
Financial Waivers and Reinstatement

Students on financial aid who have successfully completed the course requirements for
reinstatement in the summer prior to reinstatement will be forgiven their Student Income
Contribution (SIC) for 20152016, currently assessed at $3,050. Students may apply for
a waiver of the SIC through Yales Student Financial Services.
Some students require, upon reinstatement in Yale College, a ninth term of enrollment
in order to complete their bachelors degree. Federal financial aid policies may assess
such students a ninth-term penalty of an additional Student Income Contribution,
currently $3,050. If such a penalty is assessed, Student Financial Services will forgive
63
the additional $3,050 expectation, replacing the SIC with a grant funded by the
University.
Reinstatement Interviews
Interviews with members of the Committee on Reinstatement are required of all
applicants for reinstatement. The committee cannot approve a students return to
Yale College until after the necessary interviews have taken place. These may include
individual and face-to-face meetings for any applicant with the chair of the committee
and any other member of the committee, including a member of the Yale Health staff.
Interviews are normally conducted prior to the beginning of the term to which the
student is seeking reinstatement. While the preference is to meet in person, students
who are unable to travel to New Haven because of financial constraints may be granted
permission to interview via Skype or telephone, with approval of the director of Yale
Health or the chief of the Mental Health and Counseling department.
As an integral part of the application for reinstatement, students who withdrew
for medical reasons must obtain a recommendation from Yale Health. Such a
recommendation must come from either the director of Yale Health or the chief
of the Mental Health and Counseling department, or from their official designees
within the Health Center; no such recommendation can be made in the absence of
documentation provided to Yale Health that the student has had successful treatment
from an appropriate health clinician.
While the majority of students who apply for reinstatement do return to Yale College,
reinstatement is not guaranteed to any applicant. Since the committee seeks to reinstate
only those students who have demonstrated the ability henceforth to remain in
academic good standing and thus complete degree requirements within the specific
number of terms of enrollment remaining to them, the committee may sometimes
advise an applicant to defer his or her return until a time later than the one originally
proposed.
Students who are reinstated to Yale College are expected to complete and pass all of
their courses at the conclusion of each of the two terms following their reinstatement. A
student who fails to meet this condition is ordinarily required to withdraw after his or
her record has been reviewed by the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing. A
student is eligible to be reinstated only once; a second reinstatement may be considered
only under unusual circumstances, ordinarily of a medical nature.
Inquiries about reinstatement should be directed to the chair of the Committee
on Reinstatement, Yale College Deans Office, 110 SSS, Yale University, P.O. Box
208241, New Haven, CT 06520-8241. For reinstatement to a fall term, applications
must be submitted in person or by receipted mail by July 1. For reinstatement to
a spring term, applications must be submitted in person or by receipted mail by
November 1. These deadlines are strictly enforced. For additional information about
reinstatement to Yale College, consult the Web page Reinstatement to Yale College
(http://yalecollege.yale.edu/faculty-staff/faculty/policies-reports/reinstatement-yalecollege).
64
U.S. Military Service Reinstatement Policy

Students who interrupt their studies to perform U.S. military service are subject to a
separate U.S. military leave reinstatement policy.
In the event a student withdraws or takes a leave of absence from Yale College on or
after August 14, 2008, in order to serve in the U.S. military, the student will be entitled
to guaranteed reinstatement under the following conditions:
1. The student must have served in the U.S. Armed Forces for a period of more than
thirty consecutive days.
2. The student must give advance written or verbal notice of such service to his or
her residential college dean. In providing the advance notice the student does not
need to indicate whether he or she intends to return. This advance notice need not
come directly from the student, but rather, can be made by an appropriate officer of
the U.S. Armed Forces or official of the U.S. Department of Defense. Notice is not
required if precluded by military necessity. In all cases, this requirement of giving
notice can be fulfilled at the time the student seeks reinstatement, by submitting an
attestation that the student performed the service.
3. The student must not be away from the University to perform U.S. military service
for a period exceeding five years (this includes all previous absences to perform
U.S. military service but does not include any initial period of obligated service).
If a students time away from the University to perform U.S. military service
exceeds five years because the student is unable to obtain release orders through
no fault of the student or the student was ordered to or retained on active duty, the
student should contact his or her residential college dean to determine if the student
remains eligible for guaranteed reinstatement.
4. The student must notify Yale within three years of the end of the U.S. military
service of his or her intention to return. However, a student who is hospitalized
or recovering from an illness or injury incurred in or aggravated during the U.S.
military service has up until two years after recovering from the illness or injury to
notify Yale of his or her intent to return.
5. The student cannot have received a dishonorable or bad conduct discharge or have
been sentenced in a court-martial.
A student who meets all of these conditions will be reinstated for the following term
unless the student requests, in writing, a later date of reinstatement. Any student who
fails to meet one of these requirements may still be eligible for reinstatement under
Yales general reinstatement policy but is not guaranteed reinstatement. Upon returning
to Yale, the student will resume his or her education without repeating completed
course work for courses interrupted by U.S. military service. The student will have the
same enrolled status last held and will be in the same academic standing. For the first
academic year in which the student returns, the student will be charged the tuition and
fees that would have been assessed for the academic year in which the student left the
institution. Yale may charge up to the amount of tuition and fees other students are
assessed, however, if veterans education benefits will cover the difference between the
amounts currently charged other students and the amount charged for the academic
year in which the student left. In the case of a student who is not prepared to resume
his or her studies with the same enrollment status and academic standing as when he
65
or she left or who will not be able to complete the program of study, Yale will undertake
reasonable efforts to help the student become prepared. If, after reasonable efforts,
Yale determines that the student remains unprepared or will be unable to complete the
program, or Yale determines that there are no reasonable efforts it can take, Yale may
deny the student reinstatement.
K. Special Arrangements
Year or Term Abroad
In recognition of the value of international study, Yale College encourages students
to spend a term or an academic year studying in an approved program abroad. In
order to participate in a Year or Term Abroad, students must have the approval of
the Yale College Committee on the Year or Term Abroad and have been accepted
into an approved and accredited study-abroad program. Students in any major may
apply. Please note that a term abroad may be taken only during the second term of the
sophomore year or either the first or second term of the junior year, and that a year
abroad may be taken only during the junior year. Within the limits of the eligibility
requirements given below, other combinations of terms of study abroad may be
permitted with the approval of the Committee on the Year or Term Abroad. Students
are limited to a total of two terms abroad for full Yale credit and financial aid transfer.
To be eligible, students must be in academic good standing as a junior or secondterm sophomore, as appropriate, to begin an approved term or year abroad and be
able to return to enrollment at Yale in academic good standing. See Requirements for
Academic Good Standing in section D (p. 46). Students must also have at least
a B average at the time of their application and demonstrate sufficient competence in
the language of the host country to do university-level course work. In general, by the
time that they go abroad students should have completed the relevant intermediatelevel foreign language course (typically a course numbered 140 with an L4 designation)
or have demonstrated the equivalent proficiency by examination. Study in an Englishspeaking country or participation in any other program abroad in which instruction
is in English is permitted when the student articulates clear academic objectives for
such a program. Applicants may petition the committee for an exception to eligibility
requirements if they believe they have compelling reasons for the exception.
Application forms for a Year or Term Abroad are available on the Study Abroad Web
site (http://www.yale.edu/yalecollege/international/opportunities/type/study) of
the Center for International and Professional Experience. A complete application
includes all of the following: the application form; an approval form from the students
director(s) of undergraduate studies; an evaluation form from the students residential
college dean; and a statement concerning the proposed course of study. Students on
Yale financial aid must also submit a Year Abroad Budget for Financial Aid Applicants
to the appropriate office. Approval from the Yale College Committee on the Year or
Term Abroad is contingent upon the students acceptance into a program or university
abroad. Students must provide a copy of their acceptance letter to the committee before
departure.
Applications for permission to study abroad in the spring term of the academic year
20152016 are due on October 15, 2015. Applications for study in the fall term of the
academic year 20162017 or for the full academic year 20162017 are due on March 5,
66
2016. Early applications that meet all requirements are reviewed on a rolling basis until
the final deadline.
Applications for programs or universities abroad are available directly from the
sponsoring institutions. Information about specific programs, including course
descriptions, addresses and telephone numbers of the programs, and evaluations from
past Yale participants, can be found at the Study Abroad office. Note that application
deadlines differ from program to program and usually also differ from the Yale College
committees deadline. Students are responsible for meeting the deadlines set by the
programs they seek to attend, whether those deadlines fall before or after the Yale
College committees deadline.
In selecting programs abroad in which to enroll, students should be aware that such
programs vary in quality, and some may not be approved for a Year or Term Abroad.
At a minimum, approved programs must involve full-time work at the university level
and must be undertaken during the regular academic year at an institution outside the
United States. Students should note that programs in the Southern Hemisphere are
subject to a different academic calendar, one which extends into the months of June,
July, and August. With this exception, summer terms do not qualify as part of a Year or
Term Abroad.
A list of programs which have had the approval of the committee in the past and in
which Yale students have participated with success is available on the Study Abroad
Web site (http://www.yale.edu/yalecollege/international/opportunities/type/study)
of the Center for International and Professional Experience. Students applying to
enroll in programs not previously reviewed or approved by the committee may be
required to furnish informational literature about the program, course syllabi, or a
letter of support from a Yale faculty member familiar with the program. The committee
evaluates programs primarily on the quality and structure of their academic offerings.
Study abroad advisers are available in the Center for International and Professional
Experience to assist students in selecting an appropriate program.
1. Course credits Students on a Year Abroad who complete a full program of study
for the equivalent of two terms of enrollment at Yale may earn up to nine course
credits. Students on a Term Abroad who complete a full program of study for the
equivalent of one term of enrollment at Yale may earn up to four course credits.
What the committee considers a full program of study varies from program to
program. Students should consult with the Study Abroad office to ensure that they
are enrolled in a full program abroad.
Usually, if the student has consulted with the director of undergraduate studies and
a Study Abroad adviser before going abroad, the award of credit upon return from a
Year or Term Abroad is routine.
2. Course credit from outside Yale Enrollment in the Year or Term Abroad program
is the only arrangement by which students may offer more than two outside credits
toward the thirty-six course credits required for the bachelors degree.* Students
receiving credit for a Year Abroad may not apply any other credits from outside
Yale toward the 36-course-credit requirement. Students receiving credit for a Term
Abroad may apply up to two other course credits from outside Yale toward the 36course-credit requirement.
67
3. Evidence of course work To be awarded credit toward degree requirements,

students must submit to the committee such evidence of their achievement as
transcripts or other official academic records, wherever possible. Students should
also be prepared to provide on their return to Yale copies of all course work, syllabi,
and letters from instructors describing the nature and quality of their work.
4. Grades No credit will be awarded for a course in which the grade earned was lower
than a C or its equivalent in other grading scales. Nor will credit be awarded for a
course taken on a Pass/Fail option, if the student had the choice of taking the course
for a letter grade.
5. Distributional requirements and major requirements In addition to applying
credits earned on a Year or Term Abroad toward the 36-course-credit requirement,
students may, with appropriate permissions, apply these course credits toward
fulfillment of distributional requirements and some of the requirements of their
major programs. Petitions for credit toward the distributional requirements should
be directed to the director of study abroad; petitions for credit toward major
requirements should be directed to the relevant director of undergraduate studies.
6. Academic regulations Because a Year or Term Abroad counts as the equivalent of
one or two terms of enrollment in Yale College, the academic regulations of Yale
College pertain to enrollment abroad. Students must earn a sufficient number of
credits abroad to remain in academic good standing. Failure to do so will result
in academic warning or dismissal for academic reasons. See section I (p. 58),
Academic Penalties and Restrictions. Withdrawal from an approved program
abroad has the same consequences as withdrawal from Yale College.
7. Canceling a Year or Term Abroad Students who have received permission to study
abroad but later decide not to do so must notify their residential college dean in
writing of their change of plans and then either enroll as usual in Yale College or
apply for a leave of absence before the deadline. See section J (p. 59), Leave of
Absence, Withdrawal, and Reinstatement. Students should also notify the Study
Abroad office. In some cases, such students will have to withdraw from Yale College
if the deadline for requesting a leave has passed, or they have already taken two
terms of leave, or the deadline for enrolling in courses in Yale College has passed.
Under no circumstances can a Year or Term Abroad be converted retroactively to a
leave of absence. Similarly, a leave of absence cannot be converted retroactively to a
Year or Term Abroad.
8. Enrollment in Yale College after a Year or Term Abroad After returning from a
Year or Term Abroad, students must enroll in Yale College for at least two terms.
Students who have accelerated should speak with their residential college dean
about the possible need to decelerate. See section P (p. 84), Acceleration
Policies.
9. Financial aid Students who have been approved by the committee to study
abroad and who receive financial aid from Yale are eligible for aid while abroad.
For information about financial aid support, consult a counselor in the Student
Financial Services Center, 246 Church Street, 432-2700.
68
*
Study during the academic year at the Paul Mellon Centre in London (Yale-inLondon) is equivalent to enrollment in Yale College and is not considered a Term
Abroad. Application to the Yale-in-London program should be made directly to
that office at the Yale Center for British Art. For details, see the British Studies
program description (p. 172).
Completion of Degree Requirements at the End of

a Fall Term
Students who at the end of a fall term complete the requirements for graduation
may be of three kinds: (1) those who complete such requirements in eight terms of
regular enrollment; (2) those who have accumulated thirty-six course credits or more,
all earned at Yale, in fewer than eight terms of regular enrollment; and (3) students
admitted by transfer to Yale College and students whose admission to Yale College was
deferred until a spring term. Note that acceleration credits may not yield a completion
of degree requirements at the end of a fall term; see section P, Acceleration Policies
(p. 84). The following rules apply to students of these three kinds.
1. Notification by the student By the day on which the students course schedule
is due in the final term of enrollment, the student must notify the Committee
on Honors and Academic Standing through the residential college dean that the
fall term will be the students last term of enrollment. Forms on which to make
such notification are available in the offices of the college deans. Notification must
include written certification from the students director of undergraduate studies
that the student will have completed all the requirements of the major program
by the end of the fall term, and from the students residential college dean that the
student will have fulfilled the distributional requirements by that time. Failure to
observe the deadline will result in the students being charged a fine of $100.
2. Award of degrees and diplomas Students who complete degree requirements
at the end of a fall term are awarded their degrees and their diplomas at
Commencement at the conclusion of the spring term of that academic year and
are considered to be members of the class that graduates at that Commencement.
General Honors and Distinction in the Major are also awarded at that time. If a
student who completes degree requirements at the end of a fall term wishes to
participate in the Commencement exercises held in the previous academic year,
however, the student may do so with the permission of the residential college
master and dean. Such might be the case, for example, of a student who because of
a leave of absence did not qualify for graduation with the class in Yale College with
which he or she entered as a freshman. Such a student would not receive the degree
or diploma until the May of the academic year in which degree requirements were
completed.
3. Health coverage A student whose last term of enrollment is a fall term is eligible,
upon application and payment of a fee, for continued coverage by Yale Health
during the subsequent spring term, just as if the student were on leave of absence
for that term. Such coverage extends to August 31. See Leave of Absence in section
J (p. 59).
69
Two Majors
A student must petition the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing for
permission to complete the requirements of two major programs. Application forms are
available from the residential college deans. A student contemplating the completion
of two majors should bear in mind that doing so will almost invariably limit the
opportunities for a wider distribution of studies over different subjects.
Each major must be completed independently of the other, with no more than two term
courses overlapping. Prerequisites in either major are not considered to be overlapping
courses. Other than such prerequisites, all courses taken in a majorincluding those
taken in excess of the minimum requirements of the majorare counted in the
consideration of overlapping courses unless such courses are in excess of the minimum
requirements for both majors. Overlapping courses may not include the senior essay
or senior project, unless the essay or project is unusually substantial and represents at
least the equivalent of the minimum essay or project requirement of the one major in
addition to the minimum essay or project requirement of the other major. If a single
senior essay or project is approved for the two majors, no additional overlap in course
credits is permitted.
It is not possible to offer as two majors a combined major with one of its component
majors. For example, a major in Economics and Mathematics cannot be joined with
a second major in either Economics or Mathematics. Similarly, a student completing
a major that permits the inclusion of a concentration of courses from another major
or program cannot also major in that second major or program. For example, a major
in Sociology with Psychology cannot have a second major in Psychology. A Special
Divisional Major may not be offered as one of two majors.
A petition for two majors should show clearly how the requirements for each of the
two programs will be met, and should include the approval of the appropriate directors
of undergraduate studies. The completion of two majors does not result in the award
of two degrees; a student who completes a major that leads to the award of the B.A.
degree and another major that leads to the award of the B.S. degree may choose the
degree to be conferred. A petition to complete the requirements of two majors should
be made only after the students plans are definite, but no later than the due date for
course schedules in the students final term of enrollment. Petitions submitted after this
deadline will be accepted only by exceptional action of the Committee on Honors and
Academic Standing and will be fined $50.
A student may not petition for permission to complete the requirements of more than
two major programs.
Double Credit for a Single-Credit Course

Two course credits for a course in Yale College normally carrying one course credit may
be awarded to a student under the following conditions:
1. Deadline Permission must be requested by midterm, as published in the Yale
College Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines (p. 8).
2. Petition and approvals The students petition must be approved by the instructor
of the course, the director of undergraduate studies in the instructors department,
and the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing. The petition should
70
include a detailed syllabus and an explanation of how the students proposed work
represents at least twice the normal expectations of the course.
3. Distributional requirements When a petition for double credit is approved for a
course that fulfills a distributional requirement, the additional credit may not be
applied toward the distributional requirement, although it may be applied toward
the 36-course-credit requirement for graduation.
4. Multiple courses A student may make use of this arrangement rarely, no more than
once or twice.
Special Term Courses

With the approval of the Yale College Committee on Honors and Academic Standing,
a student may arrange with a member of the faculty to take a Special Term Course,
or individual tutorial, for credit toward the bachelors degree, provided that certain
requirements are met. First, the material of the proposed course must be appropriate
to the qualifications of the student and it must be otherwise unavailable in the Yale
University curriculum. If the subject can be pursued through independent study in an
existing tutorial course in a department (e.g., AMST 471, 472 or CGSC 473, 474), the
student must apply for enrollment in that course through the director of undergraduate
studies. Second, the instructor of the proposed special course must hold a teaching
appointment in the University. Third, the student must describe in detail the nature of
the proposed course work and submit a syllabus.
Requests for Special Term Courses should be made to the Committee on Honors and
Academic Standing, 29A SSS, on forms available from the residential college deans. The
application form must be completed by the student and then approved and signed by
the proposed instructor and the director of undergraduate studies of the instructors
department. A request for a Special Term Course should be made during the term
immediately preceding the term during which the course is actually to be taken. An
application will not be accepted by the committee after the second week of the term for
which a course is proposed. It is expected that Special Term Courses will be taken for
a letter grade. A student may not apply credit earned in a Special Term Course toward
satisfaction of any of the distributional requirements.
Limit on Residential College Seminars

The number of residential college seminars is limited and the demand for them is great.
A student may therefore take no more than four residential college seminars, and no
more than two in a single term. Permission to exceed these limits must be secured
in advance from the Yale College Committee on Honors and Academic Standing;
such permission will be given only if the student can demonstrate that the integrity or
coherence of the students academic objectives would suffer without it.
Courses in the Yale Graduate and Professional

Schools
When a course is open to undergraduate as well as either graduate or professional
school students, a Yale College student must enroll under the undergraduate number,
unless already accepted into the program for the simultaneous award of the bachelors
and masters degrees (see below).
71
A student may request to elect a graduate or professional school course, other than
those designated independent study, by entering the course on the Course Schedule
Selection Form and completing an additional form downloaded from the Web site
of the University Registrars Office (http://www.yale.edu/sfas/registrar). This latter
form must be completed by the student, signed by the course instructor, and attached
to a copy of the syllabus. For enrollment in a course in the Graduate School of Arts
and Sciences, the form must also be signed by the director of graduate studies in the
department in which the course is offered. For enrollment in a course in any of the
professional schools of the University, the form must also be signed by the appropriate
agent of the dean or the registrar of the school in which the course is offered.
Requests should be made as early as possible in the term in which enrollment is sought
and not later than three weeks after the first day of Yale College classes of the term.
In recognition of the need to have a students schedule of courses finalized promptly,
forms that are submitted after this date or that are incomplete will normally not be
approved. Exceptions require action of the Committee on Honors and Academic
Standing, in response to a petition from the student, and will be subject to a fine of at
least $50, with increases of $5 daily according to lateness.
Note that systems for the award of course credit in the professional schools differ and
that not all courses in these schools yield a full course credit in Yale College. Once all
materials for a request to elect a professional school course are received by the Office
of the University Registrar, a review will be made and the student will be informed
as to whether the course will earn Yale College course credit and, if so, how much.
Courses that earn no Yale College credit will normally not be entered on the Yale
College transcript.
Note also that Yale College students are not permitted to enroll in independent study
courses in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences or in any of the professional
schools of the University.
A student may offer toward the 36-course-credit requirement for the bachelors degree
as many as four course credits earned in professional schools of the University. Courses
taken in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences are not included in this four-credit
restriction.
Courses in performance in the School of Music may be taken only after completion of
MUSI 363, Performance: Fourth Term, or MUSI 463, Advanced Performance: Fourth
Term, in the Department of Music. Performance courses in the School of Music may
not be counted toward the 36-course-credit requirement for the bachelors degree.
Such courses will be included on the students transcript, but must be offered in excess
of the thirty-six credits required for graduation. For further information, see under
Music. Nonperformance courses in the School of Music may be taken for credit without
previous completion of MUSI 363 or 463; such courses are also included in the limit of
four credits that may be earned in professional schools of the University.
The deadlines and regulations of Yale College are binding on all students, including
candidates for the simultaneous award of the bachelors and masters degrees, in regard
to courses in which they are enrolled in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and
the professional schools of the University. These include the deadlines and regulations
pertaining to withdrawal from courses, late or postponed work, and work incomplete
72
at the end of term. An exception in deadline may be made in a course offered in a

professional school of the University in which the academic calendar differs from that of
Yale College. A request for such an exception must be grounded in compelling academic
reasons, and must be made in writing by the instructor of the course to the students
residential college dean in advance of the deadline in question. Instructors of courses in
the Graduate School and in the professional schools of the University are expected to
use the Yale College grading system when they report grades for undergraduates who
have completed their courses.
Simultaneous Award of the Bachelors and

Masters Degrees
Students of distinguished ability in a limited number of departments may undertake
graduate work that will qualify them for the simultaneous award of the bachelors
and masters degrees at the end of their senior year. The simultaneous degree can be
conferred only in a single department or program and only in departments or programs
that confer both degrees. For example, a student may not complete a bachelors degree
in Economics and a masters degree in Political Science, nor may a student combine a
bachelors degree in a multi-departmental major (e.g., Ethics, Politics, and Economics)
with a masters degree in one of its constituent departments. A student pursuing a
simultaneous degree may, however, complete two separate undergraduate majors as
long as one of the undergraduate majors is in the same department as the masters
degree. Currently, the following departments offer the simultaneous degree option:
Chemistry (p. 178); Classics (p. 192); Computer Science (p. 210); East
Asian Studies (p. 233); Geology and Geophysics (p. 359); History (p. 394);
Italian (p. 437); Linguistics (p. 455); Mathematics (p. 476); Molecular
Biophysics and Biochemistry (p. 501); Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology (p. 507); Music (p. 521); and Political Science (p. 561). The director
of the Program for the Simultaneous Award of the Bachelors and Masters Degrees is
Dean George Levesque.
1. Eligibility Applicants cannot be considered for admission unless by the end of their
fifth term of enrollment they have achieved at least two-thirds A or A grades in all
of their course credits as well as in all of the course credits directly relating to their
major. Some participating departments have additional eligibility requirements,
and students should consult the relevant director of undergraduate studies for this
information.
Prior to admission to the program, students enrolling in a course that carries both
an undergraduate and a graduate number must do so under the undergraduate
number. Students planning to apply to the program who enroll in such a course
may request the permission of the instructor to complete the graduate-level
requirements of the course and petition to have it converted to the graduate number
on the academic record if they are subsequently admitted to the program. The
petition, which is made to the director of the program, must be accompanied by
certification that the course instructor has approved the students proposal to
complete the course at its graduate level.
2. Application Students must apply to their department for admission to the program
through their director of undergraduate studies no later than the last day of classes
in their fifth term of enrollment in Yale College. The proposal should provide
73
evidence of eligibility, reasons for pursuing the simultaneous degree, and plans
for completing the program requirements. If the department acts favorably on the
student's application, it is forwarded with the formal approval of the director of
undergraduate studies and of the director of graduate studies to the Yale College
Deans Office, where a joint committee of Yale College and the Graduate School acts
upon the departments nomination and notifies the student of acceptance into the
program.
3. Program requirements Specific requirements for the award of degrees will be
determined by each department. Normally a student is expected to complete the
requirements of the undergraduate major in addition to eight or more courses in
the Graduate School. For all students in the program, graduate work must not be
entirely concentrated in the final two terms, and students in the program must take
at least six term courses outside the department during their last four terms at Yale
and at least two undergraduate courses during their last two terms.
Students may not enroll in Yale College for more than eight terms in order to
qualify for the simultaneous award of both degrees. It is possible to earn both
degrees in fewer than eight terms, but not by the use of acceleration credits.
Upon acceptance into the program, a student who has accelerated by the use of
acceleration credits will automatically be decelerated, and may not, so long as the
student remains in the simultaneous degree program, subsequently employ the
credits to accelerate.
4. Requirements for the masters degree To qualify for the masters degree, students
must complete eight term course credits in the Graduate School with grades of
A in at least two term courses (or in one year course) and with a B average in the
remaining ones. Students in those departments with a language requirement for
the Ph.D. degree will be required to demonstrate proficiency in one of the specified
languages.
5. Approval of course schedules Following notification that they have been accepted
into the Program for the Simultaneous Award of the Bachelors and Masters
Degrees, students must have their course schedules approved each term both by the
director of undergraduate studies and by the director of graduate studies.
Courses in Yale Summer Session

There is no limit on the number of courses in Yale Summer Session that a student may
offer toward the requirements for the bachelors degree.
Attendance at Yale Summer Session does not constitute a term of enrollment in Yale
College. Thus a student accelerating by one term by use of acceleration credits may
not offer attendance at Yale Summer Session as one of the required seven terms of
enrollment in Yale College.
A student accelerating by the early accumulation of thirty-six course credits all earned
at Yale may count credits earned in Yale Summer Session toward such acceleration. See
Acceleration by the Early Accumulation of Thirty-Six Course Credits All Earned at
Yale in section P (p. 84).
Courses successfully completed in Yale Summer Session may, with the permission of
the students director of undergraduate studies, be counted toward the requirements
of the students major program. They may also be counted toward any of the
74
distributional requirements. The Credit/D/Fail option may not be used in Summer

Session courses. There are no auditing privileges in Yale Summer Session.
Unless the University Registrars Office is instructed in writing to the contrary, courses
completed in Yale Summer Session will be entered on the Yale College record. Once a
course in Yale Summer Session has been entered on or removed from the Yale College
transcript in response to a students request, that action cannot subsequently be
reversed by the student. When a Summer Session course is entered on a students
Yale College transcript, both the course and the grade are recorded; the course may
not be recorded without the grade. If a Summer Session course is entered on the Yale
College transcript, it will be included in the calculation of the students eligibility
for General Honors and Distinction in the Major. For further information about
Summer Session courses and transcripts, refer to the Summer Session Web site (http://
summer.yale.edu).
Yale-in-London Summer Program

Courses in the summer program at the Paul Mellon Centre in London carry full
Yale course credit, but enrollment in the Yale-in-London summer program does
not constitute a term of enrollment in Yale College. (Attendance at the Yale College
program at the Paul Mellon Centre in London during a spring term does count as
a regular term of enrollment.) Thus a student accelerating by one term by use of
acceleration credits may not offer attendance at the summer program at the Mellon
Centre in London as one of the required seven terms of enrollment in Yale College.
A student accelerating by the early accumulation of thirty-six course credits all earned
at Yale may count credits earned in the summer program at the Paul Mellon Centre
in London toward such acceleration. See Acceleration by the Early Accumulation of
Thirty-Six Course Credits All Earned at Yale in section P (p. 84).
Directed Independent Language Study

Students may study a language not taught in a department at Yale through the Directed
Independent Language Study (http://cls.yale.edu/dils) (DILS) program offered by the
Center for Language Study. The selection process is competitive; students submit an
application to the committee, which considers the strength of the applicants academic
or professional reasons for studying the language. Students in the program are expected
to be self-motivated and to spend significant time on language study. During the
program, students meet with an educated native speakera language partnerfor
two hours per week of conversation, while also studying the language on their own.
In consultation with their language partner and the director of DILS, students devise
their own plan of study and locate study materials, including conventional textbooks
and Web-based language materials. Students are tested at the end of each term using
a nationally recognized oral proficiency examination. DILS is open to undergraduates,
graduate students, and professional school students. DILS courses do not award credit,
do not satisfy the Yale College language requirement, and do not appear on transcripts.
Interested students should apply at http://cls.yale.edu/dils.
Auditing
Auditors are not permitted in courses taught in Yale College except for persons in one of
the categories described below.
75
1. Students enrolled full time in Yale College or in one of the graduate or professional
schools of the University may audit courses without charge. The permission of the
instructor is required.
2. Members of the Yale faculty and emeritus faculty may audit courses without charge.
The permission of the instructor is required.
3. Spouses or partners of full-time Yale faculty members, or of emeritus faculty, or
of students enrolled full time in the University may audit courses without charge.
Permission is required of the instructor and of the Dean of Special Programs.
4. Employees of the University and their spouses or partners may audit courses
without charge in accordance with applicable personnel policies. Permission is
required of the instructor, of the employees supervisor, and of the Dean of Special
Programs.
No other persons are permitted to audit courses in Yale College except for those
accepted through the Association of Yale Alumni Auditing program. The Alumni
Auditing program is administered separately from the general auditing program, and
different rules may apply. Information is available at the Yale Alumni Auditing Program
Web site (http://admissions.yale.edu/yale-alumni-auditing-program).
Persons auditing courses with limited laboratory or computer facilities must secure
the explicit permission of the instructor to do so, and should understand that regularly
enrolled students must at all times have priority in using such facilities. Computer or
language laboratory facilities should be employed by auditors only during times when
they are not in heavy demand, and in certain courses charges for computer use may be
necessary. General access to the campus computing network may not be available to
auditors.
It is the usual expectation that an auditor does not take tests or examinations or
write papers for a course for evaluation by the instructor. Occasionally, however, an
auditor may wish to do such work and may request the instructor to evaluate it. If the
instructor wishes to cooperate with the auditor in this way, the instructor does so on a
voluntary basis and not as an obligation.
The University Registrars Office does not keep a record of courses audited. It is not
possible, therefore, for a students transcript to show that a course has been audited, or
for a transcript to be issued that records the auditing of a course.
Persons interested in auditing a course should visit the Yale College Special Programs
Office, 55 Whitney Avenue, Suite 420.
L. Transfer Students
The following regulations apply to students admitted to Yale College by transfer from
other colleges and universities:
1. Degree requirements In order to graduate from Yale College, transfer students
must fulfill all the requirements for the bachelors degree. They must thus earn
a total of the equivalent of at least thirty-six course credits, that total consisting
of the number of credits awarded for their work at their previous institutions
combined with the number of course credits subsequently earned at Yale. They
must also complete the requirements of a major program in Yale College and fulfill
76
the distributional requirements for the bachelors degree, which include the foreign
language requirement. Upon their arrival at Yale, transfer students should consult
carefully with the director of the transfer program in order to ascertain their status
with regard to the distributional requirements, especially the foreign language
requirement.
2. Terms of enrollment at Yale Transfer students are expected to enroll in Yale
College for the number of terms designated at the time of the final credit evaluation
made of their work at previous institutions. Under no circumstances may a transfer
student complete fewer than four terms of enrollment in Yale College. Under no
circumstances may a transfer student earn fewer than eighteen course credits at Yale
or accelerate by the use of acceleration credits.
3. Transfer of credits A preliminary evaluation of transferable credits is made at the
time of the students admission. Final evaluation of transfer credits is completed
when all official transcripts from a students previous institutions have been
received.
4. Additional terms at Yale Students who must remain at Yale beyond the terms
designated in the final evaluation of transfer credits must petition the Yale College
Committee on Honors and Academic Standing for permission to do so. Such a
petition will be considered only if it is impossible for the student to complete the
requirements for the bachelors degree in the designated number of terms. See
section A (p. 33) under Eight Terms of Enrollment. A student thus granted
permission to remain at Yale for an additional term, if the term represents more
than the equivalent of eight terms of enrollment at the college level, is not eligible
for scholarship assistance from Yale for the additional term, although other forms of
financial aid may be available.
5. Transcripts A transfer students Yale transcript indicates the institutions from
which the student transferred to Yale, and the number of course credits earned
there. It does not list the titles of courses taken or grades earned at the transfer
students previous colleges or universities. A transfer student who needs a record
of studies completed before admission to Yale must secure a transcript from the
previous institutions.
6. Course credit from outside Yale Transfer students may receive course credit for
work completed outside Yale only for studies completed before matriculation at
Yale; transfer students may not receive course credit for any outside courses taken
after they have enrolled in Yale College. An exception is made for transfer students
who earn credit on a Year or Term Abroad. Transfer students may attend a Year
or Term Abroad provided that they enroll in Yale College proper for at least four
terms, earning by attendance at Yale a minimum of eighteen course credits.
7. Distributional requirements Transfer students are not bound by the distributional
requirements for the freshman, sophomore, or junior years, but they must fulfill
the distributional requirements for the bachelors degree. See paragraph 1 above.
Transfer students are not eligible for the award of acceleration credit or for
acceleration by use of acceleration credits.
8. Attendance at Yale before enrollment Once a student has been accepted for
admission as a transfer student, the student may not attend Yale as an Eli Whitney
student or a nondegree student before his or her first term of enrollment at Yale.
77
M. Eli Whitney Students Program

The Eli Whitney Students program is designed to meet the needs of students who may
not be able to attend college full time by allowing nonresident students to enroll in
Yale College courses for credit. The Eli Whitney Students program is for enrollment
for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) or Bachelor of Science (B.S.) only; students in
the program are therefore ineligible for the simultaneous award of the bachelors and
masters degrees. Like all others enrolled in Yale College, students in this program are
required to comply with the academic regulations.
To qualify for the bachelors degree through the Eli Whitney Students program, a
student must successfully complete at least thirty-six course credits or the equivalent,
earning at least eighteen of the thirty-six credits at Yale while enrolled in the Eli
Whitney Students program. As many as eighteen course credits earned at another
college or university or in the Nondegree Students program at Yale may be transferred
toward the requirements for the bachelors degree. Such credit will be awarded for
academic courses that were taken at an accredited institution and that were similar
in content to Yale College courses. Grades of A or B are expected, and no more than
one-quarter of courses accepted for transfer toward the requirements for the degree
may have grades of C. Once a student has matriculated at Yale as a candidate for the
bachelors degree, as many as two course credits earned at another institution may be
transferred to the students Yale record, provided that the student earns no fewer than
eighteen course credits at Yale. The regulations governing the transfer of such credits
are given in section O, Credit from Other Universities (p. 81). The thirty-six course
credits completed at Yale or elsewhere must meet the distributional requirements.
Candidates for a bachelors degree must fulfill the requirements of one of the major
programs. See the Majors in Yale College (p. 90) page and also Major Programs
(p. 22) in the Undergraduate Curriculum section.
1. Academic requirements The Eli Whitney Students program normally is to be
completed in a period not exceeding seven years from initial enrollment. In any
calendar year, an Eli Whitney student must have completed three courses to remain
in academic good standing. Eli Whitney students are required to meet all of the
academic obligations of any course in which they enroll and all requirements
of their degree program. At the end of each term, the records of all Eli Whitney
students will be reviewed; a student who does not have at least a C average for that
term will be placed on Academic Warning and may not be permitted to enroll in a
subsequent term.
2. Registration and enrollment Eli Whitney students submit their course schedules
for approval to their residential college dean according to the submission deadline
for seniors. Students are permitted to enroll for a full course load, up to 5.5
course credits each term, with the possibility of a greater term load if appropriate
permissions are secured. See Normal Program of Study in section C (p. 44).
Eli Whitney students are not eligible to enroll in freshman seminars, even during
their first year in the program.
3. Tuition and financial aid Tuition for the 20152016 academic year for Eli Whitney
students is $5,300 per course credit; students are eligible to apply for financial aid.
Yale employees are entitled to a tuition reduction as determined by the Office of
78
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Human Resources. Tuition must be paid in full to the Office of Student Financial
Services before registration.
Facilities and services Eli Whitney students are entitled to use the library system
together with the other facilities that are required for the courses in which they
are enrolled, such as laboratories, computers, and the like. They are also eligible
for services such as career counseling through Office of Career Strategy and
fellowships through the Center for International and Professional Experience. Eli
Whitney students are entitled to purchase gymnasium membership and Yale Health
coverage. Students in the Eli Whitney program are not eligible for undergraduate
housing and they may not serve as freshman counselors.
Regulations Eli Whitney students are governed by the academic regulations of
Yale College, wherever appropriate, and by the rules contained in the Undergraduate
Regulations (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/campus-life/undergraduate-regulations).
In disciplinary matters, Eli Whitney students are subject to the jurisdiction of the
Yale College Executive Committee.
Leave of absence and withdrawal See section J, Leave of Absence, Withdrawal, and
Reinstatement (p. 59). All regular deadlines and policies apply.
Year or Term Abroad With the approval of the director of the Eli Whitney
Students program, the department of their major, and the Committee on the Year
or Term Abroad, students enrolled in the Eli Whitney Students program may
undertake study outside the United States for a full academic year or for either a
fall or a spring term. An Eli Whitney student must comply with all deadlines and
requirements of the Committee on the Year or Term Abroad. See Year or Term
Abroad in section K (p. 65). To be eligible to apply, an Eli Whitney student
must have accumulated, before enrolling abroad, at least sixteen course credits but
no more than twenty-two course credits toward the 36-course-credit requirement
and have a B average in course work at Yale. Study abroad must involve full-time
work at the university level. Eli Whitney students must enroll for at least two terms
in Yale College after their return from study abroad and may not receive degree
credit for any other work done at another university after their matriculation at
Yale.
Yale students No person who was ever a regular student in Yale College may enter
the Eli Whitney Students program before the lapse of five years after withdrawing
from Yale College. A person who in the past has withdrawn from Yale College
without graduating and who wishes to return to Yale as a candidate for the
bachelors degree as an Eli Whitney student must make application to the Eli
Whitney Students program and fulfill all of its requirements for the bachelors
degree, including the requirement that at least eighteen course credits must be
earned while the student is enrolled in the Eli Whitney Students program. Once a
former Yale College student has entered the Eli Whitney Students program, that
student can pursue the bachelors degree only through the Eli Whitney Students
program.
Further information and application forms for the Eli Whitney Students program are
available on the Eli Whitney Students Program Web site (http://admissions.yale.edu/
eli-whitney).
79
N. Nondegree Students Program

The Nondegree Students program is designed to meet the needs of students with
specific and defined educational goals, which may include personal or professional
enrichment, exploration of new fields, or preparation for career changes. This program
offers nonresident students who are unable to attend college full time the opportunity
to enroll in Yale College courses for credit. The Nondegree Students program is open to
graduates of Yale College, and is also open to academically qualified persons who have
attended other colleges and universities, or who have not continued their education
beyond high school. Like all others enrolled in Yale College, students in this program
are required to comply with the academic regulations. Students not matriculated at Yale
but participating in one of Yale's Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) programs
under a cross-town arrangement are registered as Nondegree students. As such they are
subject to Yale College undergraduate regulations as a condition of their participation in
Yale's ROTC program.
Nondegree students may enroll in from one to five courses in any academic term.
Nondegree students may not take more than a total of eighteen course credits in the
Nondegree Students program.
1. Academic requirements Nondegree students are required to meet all of the
academic obligations of any course in which they enroll. At the end of a term,
the record of any nondegree student who does not have at least a C average for
that term will be reviewed, and that student may not be permitted to enroll in a
subsequent term. To remain in academic good standing, a student is furthermore
expected to complete at least one course per term. Withdrawal from all courses in
any given term may jeopardize good standing and enrollment in a subsequent term.
Students who plan not to enroll in courses in any given term must apply for a leave
of absence on or before the tenth day of the term in question. A leave of absence
can be granted for no more than two terms. Any student who does not enroll in
courses in a term and does not apply for a leave of absence may be removed from
the program.
2. Registration and enrollment All nondegree students register for courses with the
Dean of Special Programs, 55 Whitney Avenue, Suite 420, 432-2430. In general,
admission to limited-enrollment courses is not available to nondegree students.
Auditing is not permitted in the Nondegree Students program. Nondegree students
are not eligible for enrollment in individual tutorial courses; nor are they eligible,
while in the Nondegree Students program, for enrollment in courses in the
graduate or the professional schools. Those interested in enrolling in such courses
should apply directly to the Graduate School or to the particular professional school
in whose courses they wish to enroll.
3. Credit/D/Fail option Nondegree students who wish to elect a course under the
Credit/D/Fail option must make a compelling case for that election in a petition
to the Dean of Special Programs no later than September 11 for the fall term and
January 22 for the spring term. Nondegree students may take no more than one
course in a term using the Credit/D/Fail option, and must be enrolled in at least
one other course worth a minimum of one course credit during the same term. A
80
maximum of two courses may be taken Credit/D/Fail during a students time in the
Nondegree Students program.
4. Tuition The tuition for nondegree students during 20152016 is $5,300 per course
credit; Yale employees and their spouses are entitled to a tuition reduction as
determined by the Office of Human Resources. Tuition must be paid in full to the
Office of Student Financial Services before registration. Yale provides no financial
assistance for nondegree students. Students withdrawing from a course may be
eligible for a refund of all or a portion of the tuition fees, in accordance with the
tuition refund policy: (a) a student who drops a course for any reason on or before
the last day of the course selection period will be refunded the tuition fees paid
for that course; (b) a student who drops a course for any reason after the course
selection period but on or before the day of midterm will be refunded one-half the
tuition paid for that course; (c) a student who drops a course after midterm will not
be refunded any portion of the tuition.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Fees for late submission of course schedules apply as outlined in section E,

Registration and Enrollment in Courses (p. 47). Note that payments completed
after the registration deadline may be subject to late payment fees. Late payments
will be accepted (with the addition of a late payment fee) no later than September
18, 2015, for fall 2015, and February 5, 2016, for spring 2016. Any student who has
not completed payment in full for courses by these dates will not be permitted to
enroll for that term.
Facilities and services Nondegree students are entitled to use the library system
and other facilities that are required for the courses in which they are enrolled, such
as laboratories, computers, and the like. For a fee, they are entitled to purchase
gymnasium membership and Yale Health coverage. Nondegree students are not
eligible for undergraduate housing and they may not serve as freshman counselors.
Regulations Nondegree students are governed by the academic regulations of
Yale College and by the rules contained in the Undergraduate Regulations (http://
yalecollege.yale.edu/campus-life/undergraduate-regulations). In disciplinary
matters, nondegree students are subject to the jurisdiction of the Yale College
Executive Committee.
Yale students Students who have withdrawn from Yale College or who did not
complete degree requirements within the number of terms of enrollment for which
they were admitted may not return to Yale College to complete degree requirements
as nondegree students. This rule includes former Yale College students who are
currently employees of the University. Students on leave of absence may not be
admitted to the Nondegree Students program.
Yale graduates Graduates of Yale College who have received the bachelors degree
after eight terms of regular enrollment are eligible to apply as nondegree students
either on a full-time or on a part-time basis. But Yale College graduates who have
taken degrees after fewer than eight terms of regular enrollment are eligible to
apply as nondegree students only on a full-time basis until they have completed the
equivalent of eight terms of enrollment in Yale College. Thus a student who took a
seven-term degree must be a full-time student for the first term in which he or she
is a nondegree student, but may be a part-time nondegree student in a subsequent
term. For example, a student who has completed degree requirements at the end of
a fall term after eight terms of regular enrollment is eligible to apply as a nondegree
81
student either on a full-time basis or on a part-time basis during the subsequent

spring term, but a student who has completed degree requirements at the end of a
fall term after seven terms of regular enrollment is eligible to apply as a nondegree
student during the subsequent spring term only on a full-time basis. Please note
that any courses taken by a former Yale College student in the Nondegree Students
program will appear on the undergraduate transcript.
9. Transfer students Students who have been accepted for admission as transfer
students may not attend Yale as nondegree students before their first term of
enrollment at Yale.
10. Application deadlines Applications are due on October 1, 2015, for spring term
2016, and on June 1, 2016, for fall term 2016. Yale employees require permission of
their supervisors to apply. Nondegree enrollment may begin in either the fall or the
spring term.
Further information and application forms are available at the Nondegree Students
Program Web site (http://admissions.yale.edu/non-degree-students-program).
O. Credit from Other Universities

A student may not employ course credits earned at another college or university
to reduce the expected number of terms of enrollment in Yale College. Under the
conditions described below, a student may apply as many as two course credits earned
at another college or university toward the 36-course-credit requirement for graduation
from Yale College. Before undertaking such outside study, the student should consult
the residential college dean about both the institution to be attended and the course to
be taken there.
Courses in Yale Summer Session are not considered outside courses, and there
is no limit on the number of such courses that a student may offer toward the
requirements of the bachelors degree; see Courses in Yale Summer Session in section
K (p. 65). Similarly, courses taken in the Yale College program at the Paul Mellon
Centre in London are Yale courses and do not count as outside credit. Students who
wish to receive credit for summer study abroad with outside programs must apply for
approval through the Summer Abroad program (see point 9 below).
1. Approval of credit In order for credit to be given for courses taken elsewhere, all of
the following conditions must be met:
a. The director of undergraduate studies in the subject of a course taken elsewhere
must approve the award of credit at Yale for the course.
b. A student who has studied at an American university, or abroad on a program
sponsored by an American university, must provide the office of the residential
college dean with an official transcript of the work completed. A student who
has enrolled in a program that is not sponsored by an American university
should supply an official transcript if the sponsoring institution issues
transcripts; if it does not, then the student must furnish an official certificate of
enrollment, showing if possible the course or courses completed.
c. Students seeking outside credit should be prepared to furnish a copy of the
course syllabus, as well as essays and examinations written in the course. In
some cases, a letter from the instructor of the course may be required, or the
82
d.
e.
f.
g.
student may be asked to pass an examination on the material of the course.

Such information may be particularly necessary in the case of study at a foreign
university.
Study undertaken in the United States must be at a four-year accredited
institution that grants a bachelors degree in the arts and sciences. Foreign study
must be completed at a university or other approved institution. Credit may be
awarded only for work done while a student was officially enrolled at such an
institution, and cannot be given for any work completed independently of such
formal enrollment.
A grade of A or B is expected; a grade of C is acceptable. Credit cannot be given
for a mark of Credit on a Credit/D/Fail option, nor for a grade of Pass on a
Pass/Fail option, if the student had the choice of taking the course for a letter
grade.
In order for credit to be given for a course completed at another college or
university, the course must carry a value of at least three semester credit hours;
if the course is taken at an institution on the quarter system, it must carry a
value of at least four-and-one-half quarter units.
In order for credit to be given for a course completed at another college or
university, the number of contact hours for the course must equal or exceed the
number of contact hours for an equivalent course offered in Yale College during
the fall or spring term, and the length of term (from the first to the last day of
classes) must be at least four consecutive weeks.
2. Residential college seminars Residential college seminars are, by definition,

courses that extend beyond the Yale College curriculum. They are not used as
comparables for credit for outside courses, whether in Year or Term Abroad or for
other considerations for outside credit.
3. Work done while in secondary school Course credit or distributional credit cannot
be given for any college or university course taken while the student was still
enrolled in secondary school. Work done after graduation from secondary school
but before matriculation at Yale may be accepted on recommendation from the
appropriate director of undergraduate studies.
As a regular exception to this rule, students who earned credits while still enrolled
in secondary school as members of the Nondegree Students program in Yale
College or as students in Yale Summer Session may apply such credits toward the
requirements of the bachelors degree.
4. Limit of two course credits Credit cannot be given for more than two course
credits earned at another institution. An exception of one additional course credit
may be made only by action of the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing
upon the students petition, normally after the final term of enrollment.
5. Distributional requirements With permission, course credit earned at another
college or university may be applied toward the distributional requirements for
the bachelors degree and to those for the sophomore and junior years whether or
not it is counted toward the 36-course-credit requirement for graduation; students
should consult with the residential college dean to be directed to the appropriate
authority for such approval. Credit from outside Yale may not be applied toward the
distributional requirements for the freshman year. Note particularly that Yale does
83
not award course credit or distributional credit for courses completed at another
college or university before the student graduated from secondary school.
6. The foreign language requirement and courses taken elsewhere Students who
have taken a course in a foreign language at another institution, either in the
United States or through a program abroad, and who wish to offer that course
toward fulfillment of the foreign language distributional requirement must
secure the approval of the relevant director of undergraduate studies. While
the approval process varies across departments, in no case can it be completed
until an official transcript of the work has been received and reviewed by the
department. Typically, an additional assessment of the students work will be
necessary, especially with respect to the level (e.g., L3 through L5) that has been
achieved by the outside study. Such assessment might include a written or oral
examination or both, a review of the course syllabus and written assignments,
or other methods of evaluation. Some departments maintain a list of programs
that have been previously evaluated, in which case the approval process is often
simplified. Students are therefore strongly encouraged to consult the relevant
department before undertaking language study elsewhere.
7. Major requirements At the discretion of the director of undergraduate studies in
a students major, work done at another institution may be counted as fulfilling a
requirement of the students major program. This may be done whether or not a
course is credited toward the 36-course-credit requirement.
8. Year or Term Abroad Students receiving credit for foreign study on a Year Abroad
are not eligible to apply additional credit from outside Yale toward the 36-coursecredit requirement. Students receiving such credit on a Term Abroad may apply up
to two course credits from outside Yale toward the 36-course-credit requirement.
Students receiving credit for foreign study on a Year or Term Abroad may apply
such credit toward the distributional requirements for the bachelors degree or
toward a requirement of the students major program (see points 5 and 7 above).
9. Summer Abroad Students who wish to receive credit for summer study abroad
with designated programs must apply for approval through the Summer Abroad
program. The deadline to apply for 2016 Summer Abroad credit is March 1, 2016.
Information about the application process, including a list of eligible programs, is
available at the Study Abroad office in the Center for International and Professional
Experience, 55 Whitney Avenue, 3rd floor, and on the Study Abroad Web site
(http://www.yale.edu/yalecollege/international/opportunities/type/study).
Students receiving credit for foreign study on a Summer Abroad may apply such
credit toward the distributional requirements for the bachelors degree or toward a
requirement of the students major program (see points 5 and 7 above).
10. Transfer students Students admitted by transfer from another college or university
may receive course credit from outside Yale only for work done before matriculation
at Yale; transfer students may not receive course credit for any outside courses
taken after they have enrolled in Yale College. An exception may under certain
circumstances be made in the case of course credits earned by transfer students
on a Year or Term Abroad. See section L, Transfer Students (p. 75). Transfer
students must enroll in Yale College proper for at least four terms, and earn therein
at least eighteen course credits.
84
11. Online courses, internships, and the like Course credit cannot be given for
a course taken online even if it is sponsored by another university, including
accredited four-year institutions granting a bachelors degree. Course credit also
cannot be given for such programs as internships, field studies, or workshops,
unless such programs include as a component a full, regular, academic course of
instruction, and are certified by a transcript from an accredited four-year institution
granting a bachelors degree.
12. Yale transcript Outside courses may be entered on a students Yale transcript
only if they are applied to the 36-course-credit requirement, the distributional
requirements, or the requirements of a major program. Such courses must
be entered on the Yale transcript if they are to be applied toward any of these
requirements. Except for transcripts of transfer studentson which see section
L, Transfer Students (p. 75)courses that are applied toward the 36-coursecredit requirement are listed by title with indication of the credit units earned, but
without grades. Courses that are applied toward the distributional requirements
only are listed without grades and with the designation for distributional credit
only. Courses that are applied toward the requirements of a major program only
are listed without grades and with the designation for credit toward the major
only. Once a course has been entered on a students Yale transcript at the students
request, or as a consequence of reinstatement, the entry may not subsequently be
removed at the students request.
13. Acceleration See section P, Acceleration Policies, below.
P. Acceleration Policies
Acceleration by the Early Accumulation of
Thirty-Six Course Credits All Earned at Yale
A student may accelerate progress toward graduation by accumulating thirty-six course
credits in fewer than eight terms of enrollment. Such a student must earn all thirty-six
course credits at Yale and may not offer course credits earned at another institution in
order to reduce the number of terms of enrollment at Yale.
1. Study abroad Terms spent on a Year or Term Abroad count as if they were terms of
enrollment in Yale College, but course credits earned therein may not be applied to
acceleration by the early accumulation of thirty-six course credits because all such
credits must be earned at Yale. A spring term at the Yale College program at the
Paul Mellon Centre in London is, in fact, a term of enrollment in Yale College, and
credits earned in that program may be applied to such acceleration. Attendance at
Yale Summer Session or the summer program at the Paul Mellon Centre in London
does not count as a term of enrollment, but course credits earned in these summer
programs may be applied toward acceleration by the early accumulation of thirtysix credits all earned at Yale. See Courses in Yale Summer Session and Yale-inLondon Summer Program in section K (p. 65).
2. Patterns of attendance While students employing acceleration credits in order
to acquire an accelerated degree are required to attend Yale in certain patterns of
attendance (see point 4 under Acceleration by Use of Acceleration Credits), no
particular pattern of attendance is required from a student accelerating by the early
accumulation of thirty-six course credits all earned at Yale.
85
3. Six or seven terms of enrollment Either a six-term degree or a seven-term degree

may be acquired by the accumulation of thirty-six course credits earned at Yale;
graduation after fewer than six terms of enrollment in Yale College by such an early
accumulation of course credits is not permitted.
4. Notification by the student A student intending to accelerate through the
early accumulation of thirty-six course credits all earned at Yale must notify the
Committee on Honors and Academic Standing through the residential college dean
of that intention by the day on which the students course schedule is due in the
final term of enrollment. Such notification must include written certification from
the students director of undergraduate studies that the student will have completed
all of the requirements of the major program, and from the residential college dean
that the student will have fulfilled the distributional requirements at the conclusion
of that term. Failure to do so will result in the student being charged a fine of $100.
5. Deceleration A student may subsequently decelerate and take an eight-term
degree. A reversion to an eight-term degree will not affect a students academic
good standing or eligibility for eight terms of financial aid.
Acceleration by Use of Acceleration Credits

For the definition of acceleration credits and the criteria for their award, see the
Freshman Web site (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/content/acceleration). For the sake of
equity and fairness, no exceptions can be made to the regulations governing the use of
acceleration credits. Inquiries about acceleration may be addressed to the residential
college dean or to Chair of the Committee on Advanced Placement and Acceleration,
University Registrars Office, 246 Church Street, 432-2331.
1. Eligibility The following charts list the number of total credits needed to accelerate
by one or two terms during a given term of enrollment:
Acceleration by One
Term
Minimum Total
Credits
Minimum Yale Course Activated Acceleration

Credits
Credits
In the third term
12
In the fourth term
16
12
In the fifth term
21
17
In the sixth term
26
22
Acceleration by Two
Terms
Minimum Total
Credits
Minimum Yale Course Activated Acceleration

Credits
Credits
In the third term
17
In the fourth term
21
12
In the fifth term
26
17
2. Application deadline Application to accelerate is made by submission of the

required form to the office of the residential college dean. The deadline for applying
for acceleration is the last day of classes in the respective term of enrollment given
in the eligibility charts above. As a special exception, a student accelerating by one
or two terms who wishes to complete a term of study abroad as early as during
the third term of enrollment would have to petition to accelerate before the third
term of enrollment. Such a student should consult with the residential college dean.
The absolute and final deadline for applying for acceleration by one term is the last
86
day of classes in the sixth term of enrollment. The absolute and final deadline for
applying for acceleration by two terms is the last day of classes in the fifth term of
enrollment.
3. Course credit requirement for graduation A student accelerating by two terms
must earn at least twenty-seven course credits at Yale, and a student accelerating by
one term must earn at least thirty-two course credits at Yale. Therefore, with the
exception of credit earned through enrollment in the Year or Term Abroad program,
a student accelerating by use of acceleration credits may not apply any credit earned
at another college or university toward the 36-course-credit requirement for the
bachelors degree.
4. Enrollment requirements, including required patterns of attendance A student
intending to accelerate by two terms must complete six terms of full-time
enrollment in Yale College. Those six terms may be in any pattern of enrollment as
long as the students sixth and final term of enrollment is a spring term.
A student intending to accelerate by one term must complete seven terms of fulltime enrollment in Yale College. Those seven terms may be in any pattern of
enrollment as long as the students seventh and final term of enrollment is a spring
term.
A student accelerating by two terms may not combine acceleration credits and
course credits to graduate in fewer than six terms; six terms of enrollment is the
minimum as well as the maximum requirement for acceleration by two terms.
Likewise, a student accelerating by one term may not combine acceleration credits
and course credits to graduate in fewer than seven terms; seven terms of enrollment
is the minimum as well as the maximum requirement for acceleration by one term.
5. Deceleration A student accelerating by two terms or one term may subsequently
apply to decelerate by submitting the required form to the office of the residential
college dean. A student who is considering whether to decelerate should consult
with the residential college dean as soon as possible. A student accelerating by
two terms who subsequently decides to accelerate by only one term must meet the
requirements for acceleration by one term. A student accelerating by two terms or
one term may subsequently decide to decelerate completely and take an eight-term
degree. Since by definition an eight-term degree is not an accelerated degree, such a
student will lose the use of acceleration credits. A reversion to an eight-term degree
will not adversely affect a students academic good standing or eligibility for eight
terms of financial aid.
6. Reacceleration A student who has declared an intention to decelerate and to
relinquish the use of acceleration credits is permitted to accelerate again through the
use of acceleration credits as long as the student meets the eligibility requirements
and application deadline for one or two terms of acceleration given in points 1 and 2
above.
General Rules Relating to the Use of Acceleration

Credits
1. Notification The chief responsibility for ascertaining eligibility and for meeting the
deadline to apply for acceleration rests with the students themselves. However, the
University Registrars Office will make reasonable efforts to inform students, at the
87
beginning of the third term of enrollment, of their eligibility to accelerate by one or

two terms.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
It is not the responsibility of the University Registrars Office or Yale College to

remind students who have declared an intention to accelerate of the rules on the
pattern of attendance stipulated for the use of acceleration credits. Students who
are accelerating are themselves responsible for planning to meet these rules, and if
a students pattern of attendance does not conform to them, it will be concluded
that the student has decided to relinquish the use of acceleration credits and not to
accelerate. Such a student will be automatically decelerated.
Interruption of studies by leave or withdrawal Terms of enrollment need not be
consecutive. A student accelerating by one or two terms has the same privileges of
leave of absence or withdrawal that a nonaccelerating student has.
A third term of leave of absence A student taking an accelerated degree by use
of acceleration credits who has had two terms of leave of absence may receive a
third term of leave if it is needed to bring the students pattern of attendance into
conformity with the pattern of attendance stipulated for an accelerated degree. See
Leave of Absence in section J (p. 59); a student who has received long-term
loans through Yale or who is receiving financial aid from Yale should particularly
note paragraph 8 under Leave of Absence.
Withdrawal If a student withdraws from a term after the date on which course
schedules for that term are due, the uncompleted term counts as a term of
enrollment, both in the determination of the students eligibility to accelerate and in
the calculation of the number of terms in which the student has been in attendance
at Yale. As an exception to this rule, if an accelerating student withdraws from
Yale College on the recommendation of Yale Health without having successfully
completed a term, the student has the option of not counting the uncompleted term
as one of the six or seven terms of enrollment.
Enrollment in Yale Summer Session or the Yale-in-London summer program
Attendance at Yale Summer Session or the summer program at the Paul Mellon
Centre in London does not constitute a term of enrollment. Thus a student
accelerating by one term may not offer attendance at Yale Summer Session or the
summer program at the Paul Mellon Centre in London as one of the required seven
terms of enrollment in Yale College. Course credits earned by attendance at these
summer programs, however, may be applied toward the requirements for the
bachelors degree by accelerating students, provided that such students meet the
conditions specified for acceleration by one or two terms. See also Courses in Yale
Summer Session and Yale-in-London Summer Program in section K (p. 65).
Course credit from outside Yale A student accelerating by two terms must earn
at least twenty-seven course credits at Yale, and a student accelerating by one term
must earn at least thirty-two course credits at Yale. Therefore, an accelerating
student may not apply any credit earned at another college or university toward
the 36-course-credit requirement for the bachelors degree. A student, whether
accelerating or not, may be permitted to apply course credits earned at another
college or university toward the requirements of the students major program or
toward any of the distributional requirements other than those for the freshman
year. See section O, Credit from Other Universities (p. 81).
88
Please note that attendance at the Yale College program at the Paul Mellon Centre in
London during the spring term counts just as if it were a term of enrollment at Yale
College in New Haven. Attendance at the Paul Mellon Centre during the summer,
however, does not count as a term of enrollment. See Yale-in-London Summer
Program in section K (p. 65).
7. Year or Term Abroad A Year Abroad counts as two terms and a Term Abroad
counts as one term of enrollment in Yale College. Credits earned on a Year or Term
Abroad count as the equivalent of Yale course credits.
Note that after a Year or Term Abroad all students must attend two subsequent
terms in Yale College; see Year or Term Abroad in section K (p. 65). In many
cases a student must relinquish the use of acceleration credits and decelerate in
order to take a Year or Term Abroad. As a special exception, a student accelerating
by one or two terms who wishes to complete a term of study abroad as early as
during the third term of enrollment would have to petition to accelerate before the
third term of enrollment. A student who wishes to accelerate and to take a Year or
Term Abroad should consult with the residential college dean and the Center for
International and Professional Experience at the earliest opportunity.
An accelerating student who wishes also to complete a Year or Term Abroad must
conform to one of the following schemes:
Terms of
Acceleration
Total Terms at Total Terms on Acceleration

Yale
YA/TA
Credits
Minimum
Maximum
Course Credits Course Credits
Earned at Yale Earned on YA/
TA
28
23
23
18
8. Distributional requirements Acceleration credits may not be employed to meet

the distributional requirements for the freshman, sophomore, or junior years, or
the distributional requirements for the bachelors degree, including the foreign
language requirement. With permission, an accelerating student may apply course
credit earned at another college or university toward the distributional requirements
for the bachelors degree and to those for the sophomore and junior years; students
should consult with the residential college dean to be directed to the appropriate
authority for such approval.
9. Major requirements With the permission of the director of undergraduate studies,
an accelerating student may apply credit earned at another university toward the
requirements of the students major program.
10. Makeup of course credit deficiency If an accelerating students record at the end of
a term of enrollment shows a deficiency for promotion, academic good standing, or
graduation, the student will be allowed to repair the deficiency without forfeiting
the use of acceleration credits only through enrollment in Yale Summer Session if
the credit earned is to be applied toward the 36-course-credit requirement for the
bachelors degree. See section D, Promotion and Good Standing (p. 46).
11. Enrollment after graduation as a nondegree student Accelerating students who
have qualified for the award of the bachelors degree are eligible, as are all Yale
89
College graduates, for full-time enrollment in Yale College as nondegree students.

Because such students will have graduated, they will not be eligible for financial aid.
See section N, Nondegree Students Program (p. 79).
12. Transfer students Students admitted by transfer from other colleges and
universities are not eligible for acceleration by the use of acceleration credits.
Q. Amendments
The University reserves the right to amend or supplement these regulations at any time
upon such notice to students as it deems appropriate.
III. Subjects of Instruction

Majors in Yale College
African American Studies (B.A.)
African Studies (B.A.)
American Studies (B.A.)
Anthropology (B.A.)
Applied Mathematics (B.A. or B.S.)
Applied Physics (B.S.)
Archaeological Studies (B.A.)
Architecture (B.A.)
Art (B.A.)
Astronomy (B.A.)
Astronomy and Physics (B.S.)
Astrophysics (B.S.)
Biomedical Engineering (B.S.)
Chemical Engineering (B.S.)
Chemistry (B.A. or B.S.)
Classical Civilization (B.A.)
Classics (B.A.)
Cognitive Science (B.A. or B.S.)
Computer Science (B.A. or B.S.)
Computer Science and Mathematics (B.A.
or B.S.)
Computer Science and Psychology (B.A.)
Computing and the Arts (B.A.)
East Asian Languages and Literatures
(B.A.)
East Asian Studies (B.A.)
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (B.A.
or B.S.)
Economics (B.A.)
Economics and Mathematics (B.A.)
Electrical Engineering (B.S.)
Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science (B.S.)
Engineering Sciences (Chemical) (B.S.)
Engineering Sciences (Electrical) (B.A. or
B.S.)
Engineering Sciences (Environmental)
(B.A.)
Engineering Sciences (Mechanical) (B.A.
or B.S.)
English (B.A.)
Environmental Engineering (B.S.)
Environmental Studies (B.A.)
Ethics, Politics, and Economics (B.A.)

Ethnicity, Race, and Migration (B.A.)
Film and Media Studies (B.A.)
French (B.A.)
Geology and Geophysics (B.S.)
Geology and Natural Resources (B.A.)
German (B.A.)
German Studies (B.A.)
Global Affairs (B.A.)
Greek, Ancient and Modern (B.A.)
History (B.A.)
History of Art (B.A.)
History of Science, Medicine, and Public
Health (B.A.)
Humanities (B.A.)
Italian (B.A.)
Judaic Studies (B.A.)
Latin American Studies (B.A.)
Linguistics (B.A.)
Literature (B.A.)
Mathematics (B.A. or B.S.)
Mathematics and Philosophy (B.A.)
Mathematics and Physics (B.S.)
Mechanical Engineering (B.S.)
Modern Middle East Studies (B.A.)
Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry
(B.A. or B.S.)
Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology (B.A. or B.S.)
Music (B.A.)
Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations
(B.A.)
Philosophy (B.A.)
Physics (B.S.)
Physics and Geosciences (B.S.)
Physics and Philosophy (B.A.)
Political Science (B.A.)
Portuguese (B.A.)
Psychology (B.A. or B.S.)
Religious Studies (B.A.)
Russian (B.A.)
Russian and East European Studies (B.A.)
Sociology (B.A.)
Majors in Yale College
South Asian Studies (second major only)

Spanish (B.A.)
Special Divisional Major (B.A. or B.S.)
Statistics (B.A. or B.S.)
Theater Studies (B.A.)
Womens, Gender, and Sexuality Studies
(B.A.)
91
92
Accounting
Courses
* ACCT 270a or b, Foundations of Accounting and Valuation Rick Antle
Modern accounting practices and their use in distinguishing value creation from
value redistribution. Basic determinants of value and the techniques used to assess it;
the creation of value through the production and delivery of goods or services; the
conversion of that value into cash flows; basic financial statements, balance sheets,
income statements, and cash flow statements, and the accounting mechanics with
which they are built. Undergraduate enrollment limited to 40.
Aerospace Studies
Program chair: Colonel Phil Haun, USAF; program adviser: Major Timothy
Secor, USAF; Rm. 450, 55 Whitney Ave., 432-9431; airforce@yale.edu;
afrotc.yalecollege.yale.edu
The mission of Air Force Reserve Officers Training Corps (AFROTC) Detachment
009 at Yale is to develop quality leaders for the U.S. Air Force and the nation. Cadets
have gone on to serve in a range of career fields, from medicine to aviation. The
program offers students a training environment that instills values such as integrity,
service before self, and excellence. Cadets are also involved in a variety of activities
and organizations that reach out to the local community while strengthening the skills
necessary for a military career. After completing all Air Force ROTC and academic
degree requirements, cadets on scholarship and those in the Professional Officer Course
accept a commission as a second lieutenant in the Air Force, with a minimum activeduty service commitment of four years.
Academic requirements The Aerospace Studies curriculum is organized into four
main areas, including profession of arms, communication skills, leadership studies,
and military and international security studies. Courses emphasize development
of professional knowledge and leadership skills in the context of military service.
Classes are conducted as seminars and call for active student discussion. All uniforms,
textbooks, and supplies for cadets are provided by the Air Force. Enrollment in
Aerospace Studies courses is not limited to cadets; courses are open to any Yale student.
Aerospace Studies courses count for enrollment credit only; they do not count toward
the thirty-six course credits required for the Yale bachelor's degree. In some cases,
courses in other departments and programs may count toward both the bachelors
degree and AFROTC requirements. For example, HIST 221, Military History of the
West since 1500, fulfills the first term of the 200-level AFROTC requirement and also
counts toward the bachelors degree. No course taken Credit/D/Fail may be counted
toward the program in Aerospace Studies.
Cadets become involved in the management of their own cadet wing through a
mandatory two-hour leadership laboratory each week. They are assigned corps
positions, with increasing responsibility over their four years. In addition, students
in the program participate in physical training, leadership projects, visits to Air Force
Aerospace Studies
93
bases, orientation flights, and normal college extracurricular activities. In all, cadets can
expect to dedicate six to eight hours per week to the program.
Freshmen and first-term sophomores are eligible for enrollment in the AFROTC
program. Full and partial scholarships that may cover tuition, fees, books, and/or
a subsistence allowance are available, with levels dependent on qualifications and
other factors. Scholarships are open to both freshmen and sophomores who excel in
academics and display leadership potential.
For additional information about Yales Air Force Reserve Officers Training Corps
program, visit the programs Web site (http://afrotc.yalecollege.yale.edu) or send
questions to Major Timothy Secor at timothy.secor@yale.edu.
* USAF 101a and USAF 102b, Foundation of the U.S. Air Force Staff
Introduction to the U.S. Air Force and how it works as a military institution, including
an overview of its basic characteristics, missions, and organizations. Students attend
one 50-minute lecture and one 110-minute laboratory each week. For enrollment credit
only; cannot be applied toward the 36-course-credit requirement for the Yale bachelor's
degree. Grades earned in this course do not count toward GPA or eligibility for General
Honors. 0 Course cr per term
* USAF 202b, The Evolution of U.S. Air and Space Power Phil Haun
The development and employment of American air and space power from the Korean
Conflict to the present. The distinctive capabilities and functions of air and space
power; Air Force heritage and leaders; continued application of communication skills.
Prerequisites: USAF 101, 102, and HIST 221. For enrollment credit only; cannot be
applied toward the 36-course-credit requirement for the Yale bachelor's degree. Grades
earned in this course do not count toward GPA or eligibility for General Honors.
0 Course cr
* USAF 301a and USAF 302b, Air Force Leadership Studies Staff
Advanced study of leadership concepts and ethics, management and communication
skills, and Air Force personnel and evaluation systems. Emphasis on the enhancement
of leadership skills. Case studies and exercise of leadership and management techniques
in a supervised environment. Prerequisite: USAF 202. For enrollment credit only;
cannot be applied toward the 36-course-credit requirement for the Yale bachelor's
Honors. 0 Course cr per term
* USAF 401a and USAF 402b, National Security Affairs and Preparation for Active
Duty Phil Haun
Overview of the complex social and political issues facing the military profession.
Designed to provide seniors with a foundation for understanding their role as military
officers in American society. Prerequisites: USAF 301, 302 and field training. For
enrollment credit only; cannot be applied toward the 36-course-credit requirement for
the Yale bachelor's degree. Grades earned in this course do not count toward GPA or
eligibility for General Honors. 0 Course cr per term
94
Course in Another Department That Counts toward AFROTC

Requirements
HIST 221a / GLBL 281a, Military History of the West since 1500 Paul Kennedy
A study of the military history of the West since 1500, with emphasis on the
relationship between armies and navies on the one hand, and technology, economics,
geography, and the rise of the modern nation-state on the other. The coming of
airpower in its varied manifestations. Also meets requirements for the Air Force and
Naval ROTC programs. HU

Director of undergraduate studies: Erica James, Rm. 302, 81 Wall St., 432-9718 or
432-7758, erica.james@yale.edu; afamstudies.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDIES

Professors Elizabeth Alexander, Elijah Anderson, David Blight, Daphne Brooks, Hazel
Carby, Glenda Gilmore, Jacqueline Goldsby, Emily Greenwood, Jonathan Holloway,
Matthew Jacobson, Gerald Jaynes, Kobena Mercer, Christopher L. Miller, Joseph
Roach, Robert Stepto, Michael Veal
Associate Professors Jafari Allen, Crystal Feimster, Anthony Reed, Edward Rugemer,
Vesla Weaver
Assistant Professors Vanessa Agard-Jones, Erica James, Christopher Lebron
The African American Studies major examines, from numerous disciplinary
perspectives, the experiences of people of African descent in Black Atlantic societies
such as the United States, the Caribbean, and Latin America, including the global
impact of those experiences. Students in the department explore the historical, cultural,
political, economic, and social development of Black Atlantic societies. Majors work to
become informed thinkers who are intellectually prepared to offer clarity and insight to
ongoing academic and public debates centered in the discipline.
African American Studies majors become knowledgeable about the history, primary
methodologies, and interdisciplinary breadth of the field. Students learn to critique,
articulate, analyze, and interpret universal themes concerning both individuals in
society and group interactions as they relate to the work of scholars, scientists, writers,
artists, musicians, economists, and entrepreneurs.
African American Studies offers training of special interest to those considering
admission to graduate or professional schools and careers in education, journalism,
law, the arts, business management, city planning, international relations, politics,
psychology, publishing, public health, or social work. The interdisciplinary structure
of the department offers students an opportunity to satisfy the increasingly rigorous
expectations of admissions committees and prospective employers.
African American Studies can be taken either as a stand-alone major or as one of two
majors in consultation with the director of undergraduate studies. Pertinent regulations
can be found under Two Majors (p. 69) in section K of the Academic Regulations.
Requirements of the major The major in African American Studies requires twelve
term courses, including seven core courses and five electives in an area of concentration.
95
The seven core courses include the African American history sequence AFAM 160
and 162, which can be taken in either order; one course in the humanities relevant to
African American studies; one course in the social sciences relevant to African American
studies; the junior seminar (AFAM 410); the senior colloquium (AFAM 480) and
senior essay (AFAM 491). During the 20152016 academic year AFAM 162 will be
offered in the fall and AFAM 160 will be offered in the spring, an inversion of the usual
sequence.
Area of concentration Students majoring in African American Studies are required to
choose an area of concentration comprising five courses. This cluster of interrelated
courses is intended to ground the student's learning experience in one area of
investigation. Often students will choose an area of concentration in a traditional
discipline such as political science, art history, economics, sociology, American studies,
history, or English language and literature. Students can also construct interdisciplinary
areas of concentration that span traditional departments and encompass broader
theoretical frameworks such as race and ethnicity, cultural studies, black arts, or
feminism and gender studies. All majors are encouraged to take upper-level courses
as part of their concentration, especially those courses centering on research and
methodology.
None of the seven core courses may be counted among the required electives in the area
of concentration.
Junior seminar In their junior year students must take the junior seminar, AFAM 410.
This course provides majors with theoretical and methodological bases for the work
they will do during their research-oriented senior year.
Senior requirement Senior majors participate in a colloquium in AFAM 480 that
gives them an opportunity to exchange ideas with each other and with more advanced
scholars. Students in AFAM 480 submit a prospectus, compile a working bibliography,
begin or continue research, and write the first twenty pages of the senior essay. After
completing the colloquium, each student carries out the remaining research and writing
of a senior essay in AFAM 491 under the guidance of a faculty member in the chosen
discipline or area of concentration.
Students are strongly encouraged to use the summer between the junior and senior
years for research directly related to the senior essay. For example, field or documentary
research might be undertaken in urban or rural communities in America and
throughout the diaspora. The particular research problem and design are to be worked
out in each case with a faculty adviser.
Credit/D/Fail For the class of 2017 and subsequent classes, no more than one course
taken Credit/D/Fail may be counted toward the major.
Procedures Students considering a program of study in African American Studies
should consult the director of undergraduate studies as early as possible. Areas
of concentration and schedules for majors must be approved by the director of
undergraduate studies.
REQUIREMENTS OF THE MAJOR

Prerequisites None
Number of courses 12 term courses
96
Specific courses required AFAM 160, 162, 410

Distribution of courses 1 relevant humanities course and 1 relevant social science
course, both approved by DUS; 5 courses in area of concentration
Senior requirement Senior colloquium (AFAM 480) and senior essay (AFAM 491)
Courses
* AFAM 008a / AFST 008a / HSAR 009a, Aesthetics and Meaning in African Arts
and Cultures Erica James
The diversity of artistic production on the African continent, both historically and
materially. The creative consciousness and aesthetic values of a variety of African
cultures from ancient to contemporary times. Questions that arise when writing these
histories without fully taking into account concepts of "African time." HU
* AFAM 060b / AMST 060b / HIST 016b, Significance of American Slavery Edward
Rugemer
The history of American slavery, its destruction during the nineteenth century, and its
significance today. Topics include the origins of slavery, the development of racism,
the transatlantic slave trade, the experience of enslavement, resistance to slavery, the
abolitionist movement, the process of emancipation, and the perpetuation of slavery
and other forms of unfree labor in the twenty-first century. Enrollment limited to
freshmen. Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. WR, HU
AFAM 110a / AMST 161a, Freedom and Identity in Black Cultures Jafari Allen
Introduction to major themes and topics in African American experiences; basic
methods of interdisciplinary analysis and interpretation in African American studies.
Topics include black economic, political, and social institutions; self-identity and
social status; literature, art, film, and music; and political and social issues and their
relationship to changing social structures. HU, SO
AFAM 140b / AMST 211b / ENGL 293b / ER&M 210b / WGSS 211b, Race and Gender
in American Literature Birgit Rasmussen
The role of literature in constructing representations of America as an idea, a nation, a
colonial settlement, and a participant in world affairs. What kind of place America is
and who belongs there; the consequences of Americas history for its national literature.
Emphasis on the ways texts represent and contest social concepts of race and gender
difference. WR, HU
AFAM 160b / AMST 160b / HIST 184b, The Rise and Fall of Atlantic Slavery
Edward Rugemer
The history of peoples of African descent throughout the Americas, from the first
African American societies of the sixteenth century through the century-long process of
emancipation. HU
AFAM 162a / AMST 162a / HIST 187a, African American History from Emancipation
to the Present Jonathan Holloway
An examination of the African American experience since 1861. Meanings of freedom
and citizenship are distilled through appraisal of race and class formations, the
processes and effects of cultural consumption, and the grand narrative of the civil rights
movement. WR, HU
97
AFAM 172b / HIST 119b, The Civil War and Reconstruction Era, 18451877 David
Blight
The causes, course, and consequences of the American Civil War. A search for the
multiple meanings of a transformative event, including national, sectional, racial,
constitutional, social, gender, intellectual, and individual dimensions. HU
AFAM 189a / HSAR 374a, Black Art and Material Culture in Early Modern America
Erica James
This course engages histories of black representation and artistic production by black
people in the United States from the colonial period through the Harlem Renaissance.
It offers a comprehensive overview and critique of black expressive forms across media,
in relation to mainline discourses of American art and within the context of American
economic, cultural, social, and political histories. HU
* AFAM 202b / HIST 103Jb, Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass David Blight
The life, times, and works of Frederick Douglass, African American abolitionist and
leader of the nineteenth century. Douglass's writings, including autobiographies,
oratory, and editorials, and his role as a historical actor in the antislavery and early civil
rights movements. Deep inquiry into the craft of biography. WR, HU
* AFAM 210b / AMST 445b / HIST 148Jb, Politics and Culture of the U.S. Color Line
Matthew Jacobson
The significance of race in U.S. political culture, from the separate but equal doctrine
of Plessy v. Ferguson to the election of an African American president. Race as a central
organizer of American political and social life. HU RP
* AFAM 255a / HIST 139Ja, The American South, 1870 to the Present Glenda
Gilmore
A thematic approach to the history of the American South since Reconstruction.
Focus on the political, social, and cultural history of a region that has undergone
dramatic change. Topics include white supremacy and African American resistance,
industrialization and labor activism, music and literature, the civil rights movement and
the rise of the Republican South, and changing regional identity. WR, HU
* AFAM 268a / PLSC 245a, Urban Politics and Policy Cynthia Horan
Approaches to urban politics and political economy. Application of theories to
contemporary policy issues such as policing, metropolitan disparities, and inner-city
revitalization. SO
* AFAM 270b / PLSC 280b, Poverty, Politics, and Policy in the American City
Cynthia Horan
Examination of how politics informs the formulation and implementation of policies
to address urban poverty. Consideration of alternative explanations for poverty
and alternative government strategies. Focus on efforts by local organizations and
communities to improve their situations within the context of government actions. SO
* AFAM 273a / EP&E 244a / SOCY 314a / WGSS 316a, Inequality in America Vida
Maralani
Introduction to the current landscape of socioeconomic inequality in the U.S. Empirical,
theoretical, and methodological facets of inequalities in education, occupation, income,
wealth, health, neighborhoods, and intergenerational mobility; how these intersect
98
with race and gender. Core questions include how different social groups fare and why,
and what types of policies might address existing inequalities. WR, SO
* AFAM 287b / AFST 412b / FREN 412b / LITR 250b, Postcolonial Theory and
Literature Christopher Miller
A survey of the principal modes of thought that have animated decolonization and
life after colonialism, as seen in both theoretical and literary texts. Concentration on
the British and French imperial and postcolonial contexts. Readings in negritude,
orientalism, psychoanalysis, poststructuralism, and novels. Lectures in English;
readings available both in French and in English translation. HU RP
* AFAM 296a / AMST 296a / ENGL 296a / WGSS 292a, Contemporary African
American Literature Elizabeth Alexander
A survey of African American literature since 1970. Authors include Toni Morrison,
Alice Walker, Rita Dove, Yusef Komunyakaa, Anna Deavere Smith, Danzy Senna,
and others. Topics include black feminist literature, black gay and lesbian literature,
developments in literary criticism and theory, and contemporary black drama. HU
* AFAM 317a / ANTH 303a, Field Methods in Cultural Anthropology Narges Erami
Exploration of the fundamentals of cultural anthropology methods. The foundations of
fieldwork approaches, including methods, theories, and the problem of objectivity. SO
* AFAM 346a / HSAR 471a, Black Atlantic Photography Kobena Mercer
Introduction to the social and artistic history of photography in Black Atlantic
contexts from the mid-nineteenth century to the present. Uses of the photographic
image in shaping understandings of race relations and black identities. Codes and
conventions by which photographs are evaluated in terms of truth, reflection,
testimony, expressivity, and construction. HU
* AFAM 377a / AMST 359a / FILM 424a, Urban Narratives of Injustice in The Wire
Hazel Carby
Narratives of injustice, crime, and the policing of citizens as represented in The Wire,
critically acclaimed as the finest television drama ever made, plus additional readings.
HU
* AFAM 410b / AMST 310b / WGSS 410b, Interdisciplinary Approaches to African
American Studies Jafari Allen
An interdisciplinary, thematic approach to the study of race, nation, and ethnicity in
the African diaspora. Topics include class, gender, color, and sexuality; the dynamics of
reform, Pan-Africanism, neocolonialism, and contemporary black nationalism. Use of a
broad range of methodologies. WR, HU, SO
* AFAM 437b / AMST 420b / ENGL 445b, Ralph Ellison in Context Robert Stepto
The complete works of Ralph Ellison and related works (in various art forms) of his
contemporaries, including Wright, Baldwin, Bearden, and Louis Armstrong. WR, HU
* AFAM 471a and AFAM 472b, Independent Study: African American Studies Erica
James
Independent research under the direction of a member of the department on a special
topic in African American studies not covered in other courses. Permission of the
director of undergraduate studies and of the instructor directing the research is
required. A proposal signed by the instructor must be submitted to the director of
undergraduate studies by the end of the second week of classes. The instructor meets
African Studies
99
with the student regularly, typically for an hour a week, and the student writes a final
paper or a series of short essays. May be elected for one or two terms.
* AFAM 480a, Senior Colloquium: African American Studies Staff
A seminar on issues and approaches in African American studies. The colloquium offers
students practical help in refining their senior essay topics and developing research
strategies. Students discuss assigned readings and share their research experiences and
findings. During the term, students are expected to make substantial progress on their
senior essays; they are required to submit a prospectus, an annotated bibliography, and
a draft of one-quarter of the essay.
* AFAM 483b / ENGL 460a or b, Advanced Poetry Writing Elizabeth Alexander
A seminar and workshop in the writing of verse. May be repeated for credit with a
different instructor. RP
* AFAM 491b, The Senior Essay Erica James
Independent research on the senior essay. The senior essay form must be submitted
to the director of undergraduate studies by the end of the second week of classes. The
senior essay should be completed according to the following schedule: (1) end of the
sixth week of classes: a rough draft of the entire essay; (2) end of the last week of classes
(fall term) or three weeks before the end of classes (spring term): two copies of the
final version of the essay.
African Studies
Director of undergraduate studies: Daniel Magaziner, 2685 HGS, 432-6110,
daniel.magaziner@yale.edu; director of the Program in African Languages: Kiarie
Wa'Njogu, 309B LUCE, 432-0110, john.wanjogu@yale.edu; www.yale.edu/macmillan/
african
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF AFRICAN STUDIES

Professors Lea Brilmayer (Law School), John Darnell (Near Eastern Languages
& Civilizations), Owen Fiss (Law School), Robert Harms (History), Andrew Hill
(Anthropology), Roderick McIntosh (Anthropology), Christopher L. Miller (African
American Studies, French), Nicoli Nattrass (Ethics, Politics, & Economics) (Visiting),
Catherine Panter-Brick (Anthropology), Lamin Sanneh (History, Divinity School), Jeremy
Seekings (Global Affairs) (Visiting), Ian Shapiro (Political Science), Robert Thompson
(History of Art), Christopher Udry (Economics), Michael Veal (Music), David Watts
(Anthropology), Elisabeth Wood (Political Science)
Associate Professors Robert Bailis (Forestry & Environmental Studies), Daniel
Magaziner (History)
Assistant Professors Katharine Baldwin (Political Science), Adria Lawrence (Political
Science), Louisa Lombard (Anthropology), Jonathan Wyrtzen (Sociology)
Senior Lecturer Cheryl Doss (Economics)
Lecturers Lacina Coulibaly (Theater Studies), Anne-Marie Foltz (Public Health), David
Simon (Political Science)
Senior Lectors II Sandra Sanneh, Kiarie Wa'Njogu
100
Senior Lectors Oluseye Adesola, Matuku Ngame

The program in African Studies enables students to undertake interdisciplinary study
of the arts, history, cultures, politics, and development of Africa. As a foundation,
students in the program gain a cross-disciplinary exposure to Africa. In the junior and
senior years, students develop analytical ability and focus their studies on research
in a particular discipline such as anthropology, art history, history, languages and
literatures, political science, or sociology or on topics such as global health, economic
development, or human rights.
African Studies provides training of special interest to those considering admission to
graduate or professional schools or careers in education, journalism, law, management,
medicine, politics, psychology, international relations, creative writing, or social work.
The interdisciplinary structure of the program offers students an opportunity to satisfy
the increasingly rigorous expectations of admissions committees and prospective
employers for a broad liberal arts perspective that complements specialized knowledge
of a field.
Requirements of the major The program in African Studies consists of thirteen
term courses, including (1) one African Studies course in the humanities and one in
the social sciences; (2) two years of an African language (Arabic, Kiswahili, Yorb,
isiZulu, or others with permission of the director of undergraduate studies), unless
waived by examination; (3) the junior seminar on research methods, AFST 401;
(4) a concentration of four term courses, selected in consultation with the director
of undergraduate studies, in a discipline such as anthropology, art history, history,
languages and literatures, political science, or sociology, or in an interdisciplinary
program such as African American Studies, Ethnicity, Race, and Migration, or
Womens, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, or in a cross-disciplinary area such as
diaspora studies or development studies; and (5) one additional course that either
deepens the concentration or provides methodological tools for the senior essay.
The required courses represent the core of the program and are intended to expose the
student both to the interdisciplinary nature of African studies and to the methodologies
currently being brought to bear on the study of African cultures and societies. With
permission of the director of undergraduate studies, students may count courses in an
additional language, such as French or Portuguese, toward the major requirements.
Students are encouraged to include upper-level courses, especially those centering on
research and methodology.
Students planning to major in African Studies should consult the director of
undergraduate studies as early as possible.
Senior requirement Students are required to complete a senior essay in AFST 491,
working under the guidance of a faculty adviser.
A preliminary statement indicating the topic to be addressed and the name of the
faculty adviser must be submitted to the director of undergraduate studies by the end of
the second week of the fall term in the senior year.
Language requirement African Studies majors are required to complete two years of
college-level study (or the equivalent) of an African language, and they are encouraged
to continue beyond this level. For the language requirement to be waived, a student
African Studies
101
must pass a placement test for admission into an advanced-level course or, for
languages not regularly offered at Yale, an equivalent test of speaking, listening,
reading, and writing skills administered through the Center for Language Study.
Students should begin their language study as early as possible. If the requirement is
waived, students must substitute other African Studies courses for the four required
language courses.
Program in African Languages The language program offers instruction in four
major languages from sub-Saharan Africa: Kiswahili (eastern and central Africa),
Yorb (western Africa), Wolof (western Africa) and isiZulu (southern Africa). African
language courses emphasize communicative competence, using multimedia materials
that focus on the contemporary African context. Course sequences are designed to
enable students to achieve advanced competence in all skill areas by the end of the third
year, and students are encouraged to spend a summer or term in Africa during their
language study.
Courses in Arabic are offered through the Department of Near Eastern Languages
and Civilizations (p. 535). Noncredit instruction in other African languages is
available by application through the Directed Independent Language Study (http://
cls.yale.edu/dils) program at the Center for Language Study (http://cls.yale.edu).
Contact the director of the Program in African Languages (john.wanjogu@yale.edu)
for information.
M.A. program Students in Yale College are eligible to complete the M.A. in African
Studies in one year of graduate work if they begin the program in the third and fourth
undergraduate years. Students interested in this option must complete eight graduate
courses in the area by the time of the completion of the bachelors degree. Only two
courses may be counted toward both graduate and undergraduate degrees. Successful
completion of graduate courses while still an undergraduate does not guarantee
admission into the M.A. program.

Prerequisites None
Number of courses 13 term courses (incl senior req)
Distribution of courses 1 AFST course in humanities and 1 in social sciences; 2 years
of African lang; 4 courses in area of concentration; 1 course that deepens the
concentration or prepares the senior essay
Specific course required AFST 401
Senior requirement Senior essay (AFST 491)
Substitution permitted If language req is waived, 4 addtl African Studies courses
African Studies Courses

* AFST 008a / AFAM 008a / HSAR 009a, Aesthetics and Meaning in African Arts
102
* AFST 015a / ENGL 015a, South African Writing after Apartheid Staff
An introduction to creative writing published in South Africa from the end of Apartheid
in 1994 to the present. Close readings of contemporary fiction with additional material
drawn from popular culture, including films, magazines, and music. Enrollment limited
to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. WR, HU
AFST 180b / ER&M 313b, Nigeria and Its Diaspora Oluseye Adesola
Nigerians in the modern diaspora, both those who endured forced migration and
those who migrated voluntarily. Specific reference to the Igbos and the Yorbs. The
preservation and maintenance of Nigerian culture, history, dance, literature, traditional
education, theater, politics, art, music, film, religion, and folklore, especially in African
American and Nigerian American contexts. SO
AFST 333a / HIST 332a, African Encounters with Colonialism Daniel Magaziner
How African societies and peoples encountered, engaged, and endured the colonial and
postcolonial world, from the arrival of Kiswahili-speaking traders at the shores of Lake
Victoria in the 1840s through the rise and fall of European colonialism and the resulting
forms of neocolonialism. Transformations and continuities in African religious life;
gendered sociability; popular culture. HU
AFST 335b / HIST 335b, A History of South Africa Daniel Magaziner
An introduction to the history of southern Africa, especially South Africa. Indigenous
communities; early colonial contact; the legacies of colonial rule; postcolonial
mismanagement; the vagaries of the environment; the mineral revolution;
segregationist regimes; persistent inequality and crime since the end of apartheid; the
specter of AIDS; postcolonial challenges in Zimbabwe, Angola, and Mozambique.
HU
AFST 340b / HIST 340b, Africa in the Era of the Slave Trade Robert Harms
Examination of the tumultuous changes experienced by African societies during the era
of the Atlantic slave trade, approximately 14501850. Focus on the complex interaction
between the internal dynamics of African societies and the impact of outside forces.
HU
* AFST 347a / EP&E 484a / GLBL 243a / LAST 348a / PLSC 347a, Post-Conflict
Politics David Simon
Consideration of a range of issues and challenges faced by countries emerging
from domestic conflict. Focus on elements of peace-buildingdisarmament and
demobilization, post-conflict elections, institution-building, and reconstructionas
well as modes of transitional justice and mechanisms for truth and reconciliation. SO
* AFST 348b / MMES 291b / SOCY 232b, Islamic Social Movements Jonathan
Wyrtzen
Social movement and network theory used to analyze the emergence and evolution
of Islamic movements from the early twentieth century to the present. Organization,
mobilization, and framing of political, nonpolitical, militant, and nonmilitant
movements; transnational dimensions of Islamic activism. Case studies include the
Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas, Hizbollah, Al-Qaeda, Al-Adl wa-Ihsann, and Tablighi
Jama'at. SO
* AFST 353a / MUSI 353a, Topics in World Music Michael Veal
A critical introduction to selected cultures of world music. Specific cultures vary from
year to year but generally include those of Native America, South Asia, Southeast Asia,
African Studies
103
sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and the Caribbean. Preference to Music majors
according to class. HU
* AFST 355b / ANTH 355b, China-Africa Encounters Helen Siu
The history, effects, and implications of Chinese involvement in and with African
countries over the past century. Diasporic experiences, with attention to informal
economies, cultural strategies, and ethnic and religious tensions; land, finance, and
infrastructure; Chinese aid and development in Africa since the late 1960s, including
medical aid and charitable groups. SO
* AFST 360a / ECON 487a / EP&E 365a / GLBL 313a / PLSC 417a, The Political
Economy of AIDS in Africa Nicoli Nattrass
The impact of and responses to the AIDS pandemic in Africa examined from a
comparative perspective. Focus on South and southern Africa. Some background in
social science and economics desirable. SO
* AFST 373b / GLBL 362b / MMES 282b / SOCY 339b, Imperialism, Insurgency, and
State Building in the Middle East and North Africa Jonathan Wyrtzen
The historical evolution of political order from Morocco to Central Asia in the past
two centuries. Focus on relationships between imperialism, insurgency, and state
building. Ottoman, European, and nationalist strategies for state building; modes of
local resistance; recent transnational developments; American counterinsurgency and
nation-building initiatives in the region. SO
* AFST 389b / GLBL 186b / MMES 181b / PLSC 389b, Middle East Exceptionalism
Adria Lawrence
The Middle East and North Africa in comparative perspective. Evaluation of claims that
the region's states are exceptionally violent, authoritarian, or religious. Themes include
gender, Islam, nation and state formation, oil wealth, terrorism, and war. SO
* AFST 401a, Research Methods in African Studies Cheryl Doss
Disciplinary and interdisciplinary research methodologies in African studies, with
emphasis on field methods and archival research in the social sciences and humanities.
Research methodologies are compared by studying recent works in African studies.
* AFST 412b / AFAM 287b / FREN 412b / LITR 250b, Postcolonial Theory and
readings available both in French and in English translation. HU Tr RP
* AFST 430b, Language Planning in Sub-Saharan Africa Kiarie Wa'Njogu
Examination of language policies in selected sub-Saharan African countries. Analysis of
language use in different contexts; assessment of the impact of globalization on African
languages. HU
* AFST 435a / THST 335a, West African Dance: Traditional to Contemporary Lacina
Coulibaly
A practical and theoretical study of the traditional dances of Africa, focusing on those of
Burkina Faso and their contemporary manifestations. Emphasis on rhythm, kinesthetic
104
form, and gestural expression. The fusion of modern European dance and traditional
African dance. Admission by audition during the first class meeting. HU RP
* AFST 447b / EP&E 271b / ER&M 271b / PLSC 447b, The Rwandan Genocide in
Comparative Context David Simon
An examination of the 1994 Rwandan genocide: historical sources of the conflict, the
motivations of the killers, actions and reactions of outside actors, efforts to reconstruct
a post-genocide society, and continuation of the genocidal dynamic within the Great
Lakes region. Consideration of other countries in similar situations, as well as other
genocides in recent decades. SO
* AFST 449a / ENGL 449a, Challenges to Realism in Contemporary African Fiction
Staff
Introduction to experimental African novels that challenge realist and documentary
modes of representation. Topics include mythology, gender subversion, politics,
the city, migration, and the self. Ways of reading African and postcolonial literature
through the lenses of identity, history, and nation. WR, HU
* AFST 464a / ECON 464a, The Economics of Africa Cheryl Doss
Study of key microeconomic issues facing African economies and of the economic
tools used to analyze such issues. Topics include infrastructure, land, agriculture,
conflict, intrahousehold issues, health and education, microfinance and risk, and
coping strategies. Readings from recent literature in microeconomic development.
Prerequisites: intermediate microeconomics and econometrics. SO
*AFST 471a and AFST 472b, Independent Study Staff
Independent research under the direction of a faculty member in the program on a
special topic in African Studies not covered in other courses. Permission of the director
of undergraduate studies and of the instructor directing the research is required. A
proposal signed by the instructor must be submitted to the director of undergraduate
studies by the end of the second week of classes. The instructor meets with the student
regularly, typically for an hour a week, and the student writes a final paper or a series of
short essays. Either term or both terms may be elected.
* AFST 486a / HIST 388Ja, Slavery and the Slave Trade in Africa Robert Harms
The slave trade from the African perspective. Analysis of why slavery developed in
Africa and how it operated. The long-term social, political, and economic effects of the
Atlantic slave trade. WR, HU
* AFST 487a / HIST 387Ja, West African Islam: Jihad Tradition and Its Pacifist
Opponents Lamin Sanneh
The influence of Islam on state and society, and the encounters of Muslim Africans first
with non-Muslim societies in Africa and then with the modern West in the colonial and
postcolonial periods. Focus on Muslim religious attitudes and responses to the secular
national state and to the Western tradition of the separation of church and state. WR,
HU
* AFST 490a, African Studies Colloquium Staff
Students conduct research for the senior essay, give presentations on their research, and
prepare a bibliography, a prospectus, and a draft chapter of the senior essay. Discussion
of model essays and other examples of writing. HU, SO
African Studies
105
* AFST 491a or b, The Senior Essay Daniel Magaziner

Independent research on the senior essay. By the end of the sixth week of classes, a
rough draft of the entire essay should be completed. By the end of the last week of
classes (fall term) or three weeks before the end of classes (spring term), two copies of
the final essay must be submitted.
Kiswahili Courses
SWAH 110a, Beginning Kiswahili I Staff
A beginning course with intensive training and practice in speaking, listening, reading,
and writing. Initial emphasis is on the spoken language and conversation. Credit only
on completion of SWAH 120. L1 1 Course cr
SWAH 120b, Beginning Kiswahili II Kiarie Wa'Njogu
Continuation of SWAH 110. Texts provide an introduction to the basic structure of
Kiswahili and to the culture of the speakers of the language. Prerequisite: SWAH 110.
L2 1 Course cr
SWAH 130a, Intermediate Kiswahili I Staff
Further development of students' speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills.
Prepares students for further work in literary, language, and cultural studies as well as
for a functional use of Kiswahili. Study of structure and vocabulary is based on a variety
of texts from traditional and popular culture. Emphasis on command of idiomatic usage
and stylistic nuance. After SWAH 120. L3 1 Course cr
SWAH 140b, Intermediate Kiswahili II Staff
Continuation of SWAH 130. After SWAH 130. L4 1 Course cr
SWAH 150a, Advanced Kiswahili I Staff
Development of fluency through readings and discussions on contemporary issues in
Kiswahili. Introduction to literary criticism in Kiswahili. Materials include Kiswahili
oral literature, prose, poetry, and plays, as well as texts drawn from popular and
political culture. After SWAH 140. L5
SWAH 160b, Advanced Kiswahili II Kiarie Wa'Njogu
Continuation of SWAH 150. After SWAH 150. L5
SWAH 170a or b, Topics in Kiswahili Literature Staff
Advanced readings and discussion with emphasis on literary and historical texts.
Reading assignments include materials on Kiswahili poetry, Kiswahili dialects, and the
history of the language. After SWAH 160. L5, HU
Yoruba Courses
YORU 110a, Beginning Yorb I Staff
Training and practice in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Initial emphasis
is on the spoken aspect, with special attention to unfamiliar consonantal sounds,
nasal vowels, and tone, using isolated phrases, set conversational pieces, and simple
dialogues. Multimedia materials provide audio practice and cultural information. Credit
only on completion of YORU 120. L1 1 Course cr
106
YORU 120b, Beginning Yorb II Oluseye Adesola

Continuing practice in using and recognizing tone through dialogues. More emphasis
is placed on simple cultural texts and role playing. Prerequisite: YORU 110. L2
1 Course cr
YORU 130a, Intermediate Yorb I Staff
Refinement of students' speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills. More natural
texts are provided to prepare students for work in literary, language, and cultural
studies as well as for a functional use of Yorb. After YORU 120. L3 1 Course cr
YORU 140b, Intermediate Yorb II Oluseye Adesola
Students are exposed to more idiomatic use of the language in a variety of interactions,
including occupational, social, religious, and educational. Cultural documents include
literary and nonliterary texts. After YORU 130. L4 1 Course cr
YORU 150a, Advanced Yorb I Staff
An advanced course intended to improve students' aural and reading comprehension
as well as speaking and writing skills. Emphasis on acquiring a command of idiomatic
usage and stylistic nuance. Study materials include literary and nonliterary texts; social,
political, and popular entertainment media such as movies and recorded poems (ew);
and music. After YORU 140. L5
YORU 160b, Advanced Yorb II Oluseye Adesola
Continuing development of students' aural and reading comprehension and speaking
and writing skills, with emphasis on idiomatic usage and stylistic nuance. Study
materials are selected to reflect research interests of the students. After YORU 150. L5
YORU 170a and YORU 171b, Topics in Yorb Literature and Culture Staff
Advanced readings and discussion concerning Yorb literature and culture. Focus
on Yorb history, poetry, novels, movies, dramas, and oral folklore, especially from
Nigeria. Insight into Yorb philosophy and ways of life. Prerequisite: YORU 160. L5,
HU
YORU 180a and YORU 181b, Advanced Topics in Yorb Literature and Culture
Staff
Designed for students with superior proficiency in Yorb who have an interest in
topics not otherwise covered by existing courses. Development of language proficiency
to the level of an educated native speaker. Discussion of advanced readings on Yorb
philosophy, history, literature, and culture. L5
Zulu Courses
ZULU 110a, Beginning isiZulu I Staff
A beginning course in conversational isiZulu, using Web-based materials filmed in
South Africa. Emphasis on the sounds of the language, including clicks and tonal
variation, and on the words and structures needed for initial social interaction. Brief
dialogues concern everyday activities; aspects of contemporary Zulu culture are
introduced through readings and documentaries in English. Credit only on completion
of ZULU 120. L1 1 Course cr
American Studies
107
ZULU 120b, Beginning isiZulu II Sandra Sanneh

Development of communication skills through dialogues and role play. Texts and
songs are drawn from traditional and popular literature. Students research daily life in
selected areas of South Africa. Prerequisite: ZULU 110. L2 1 Course cr
ZULU 130a, Intermediate isiZulu I Staff
Development of fluency in speaking, listening, reading, and writing, using Web-based
materials filmed in South Africa. Students describe and narrate spoken and written
paragraphs. Review of morphology; concentration on tense and aspect. Materials are
drawn from contemporary popular culture, folklore, and mass media. After ZULU 120.
L3 1 Course cr
ZULU 140b, Intermediate isiZulu II Sandra Sanneh
Students read longer texts from popular media as well as myths and folktales. Prepares
students for initial research involving interaction with speakers of isiZulu in South
Africa and for the study of oral and literary genres. After ZULU 130. L4 1 Course cr
* ZULU 150a, Advanced isiZulu I Staff
Development of fluency in using idioms, speaking about abstract concepts, and voicing
preferences and opinions. Excerpts from oral genres, short stories, and television
dramas. Introduction to other South African languages and to issues of standardization,
dialect, and language attitude. After ZULU 140. Course includes students from Cornell
University via videoconference. L5
* ZULU 160b, Advanced isiZulu II Sandra Sanneh
Readings may include short stories, a novel, praise poetry, historical texts, or
contemporary political speeches, depending on student interests. Study of issues of
language policy and use in contemporary South Africa; introduction to the Soweto
dialect of isiZulu. Students are prepared for extended research in South Africa involving
interviews with isiZulu speakers. After ZULU 150. Course includes students from
Cornell University via videoconference. L5
American Studies
Director of undergraduate studies: Michael Denning, 233 HGS, 432-1188,
michael.denning@yale.edu, americanstudies.yale.edu
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF AMERICAN STUDIES

Professors Jean-Christophe Agnew (History), Elizabeth Alexander (African American
Studies, English), Ned Blackhawk (History), David Blight (History, African American
Studies), Daphne Brooks (African American Studies, Theater Studies), Hazel Carby
(African American Studies), George Chauncey (History), Edward Cooke, Jr. (History
of Art), Michael Denning (English, Ethnicity, Race, & Migration), Wai Chee Dimock
(English), Kathryn Dudley (Chair) (Anthropology), John Mack Faragher (History),
Joanne Freeman (History), Glenda Gilmore (History, African American Studies),
Jacqueline Goldsby (English, African American Studies), Inderpal Grewal (Womens,
Gender, & Sexuality Studies), Dolores Hayden (Architecture), Jonathan Holloway (African
American Studies, History), Amy Hungerford (English), Matthew Jacobson (African
American Studies, History), Kathryn Lofton (Religious Studies), Mary Lui (History),
Joanne Meyerowitz (History), Charles Musser (Film & Media Studies), Stephen Pitti
(History, Ethnicity, Race, & Migration), Sally Promey (Divinity School), Joseph Roach
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(English, Theater Studies), Marc Robinson (Theater Studies, English), Michael Roemer
(Adjunct) (Film & Media Studies, Art), Alicia Schmidt Camacho (Ethnicity, Race, &
Migration), Caleb Smith (English), Robert Stepto (English, African American Studies),
Harry Stout (Religious Studies, History), Michael Veal (Music, African American Studies),
John Warner (History of Medicine), Michael Warner (English), Laura Wexler (Womens,
Gender, & Sexuality Studies)
Associate Professors Jafari Allen (Anthropology, African American Studies), Crystal
Feimster (African American Studies), Zareena Grewal (Ethnicity, Race, & Migration), Paul
Sabin (History, Environmental Studies), Tisa Wenger (Divinity School)
Assistant Professors Laura Barraclough (Ethnicity, Race, & Migration), Greta LaFleur,
Albert Laguna (Ethnicity, Race, & Migration), Dixa Ramirez (Ethnicity, Race, &
Migration), Birgit Brander Rasmussen (Ethnicity, Race, & Migration), Elihu Rubin
(Architecture), Jenifer Van Vleck (History)
Senior Lecturers James Berger (English), Ron Gregg (Film & Media Studies)
Lecturers Ryan Brasseaux, Christine Muller, Joel Silverman, Joseph Spooner
The American Studies program encourages the interdisciplinary study of the cultures
and politics of the United States, the changing representations of national identity,
and the construction of borderland and diasporic cultures over time. Each student
in the major combines courses in American Studies with courses from other relevant
disciplines (literature, history, the arts, and the social sciences) to explore these broad
topics from local, national, and global perspectives. Through the selection of an area
of concentration, each student develops a focus for course work in the major. The
program encourages scholarly work in nontraditional combinations of disciplines; at
the same time, however, it assumes and requires a substantial foundation of knowledge
in the history and culture of the United States. Students interested in the major are
encouraged to consult with the director of undergraduate studies as early as possible.
Requirements of the major All students majoring in American Studies must take
fourteen term courses approved by the programs faculty. Although a good deal of
freedom in course selection is permitted, it is expected that all students will acquaint
themselves with the materials, skills, and perspectives of cultural studies. Accordingly,
the major requires completionpreferably by the end of the sophomore year, but no
later than the end of the junior yearof at least four gateway courses (AMST 111299),
including two in cultural history/cultural studies, one broad survey course in American
literature, and one course preparatory for work in the student's area of concentration,
to be selected in consultation with the director of undergraduate studies. One of these
four courses must address material produced before the Civil War. An additional five
concentration courses from diverse disciplines must be taken for a letter grade, one of
which must incorporate a comparable topic from a non-U.S. perspective. Two electives
chosen from the American Studies course offerings are also required.
Students must take two junior seminars (AMST 300399) during their junior year.
At least one of the seminars must fall within the students area of concentration,
described below. In each of the seminars, students are expected to demonstrate
proficiency in interdisciplinary research and analysis through the production of critical
essays on primary source materials or a paper of fifteen to twenty pages. Sophomores
American Studies
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contemplating a junior term abroad are urged to take one of the junior seminars in the
spring term of their sophomore year.
Area of concentration Each American Studies major selects an area of concentration,
normally in the fall of the junior year, from five possible choices: (1) national
formations, (2) the international United States, (3) material cultures and built
environments, (4) politics and American communities, and (5) visual, audio, literary,
and performance cultures. The concentration in national formations explores historic
migrations, settlements, and encounters among peoples who have formed the American
nation, with an emphasis on Native American history and the construction of Americas
frontiers and borderlands. The international United States concentration focuses on
historic and contemporary diasporas, the role of the United States outside its national
borders, and the flows of American peoples, ideas, and goods throughout the globe.
Students in the material cultures and built environments concentration examine the
formation of the American landscape from the natural to the human-made, including
the development of American architecture, and the visual and decorative arts. The
concentration in politics and American communities investigates the emergence of
social groups and their political struggles at the local and national levels, emphasizing
the themes of power, inequality, and social justice. Majors with a concentration in
visual, audio, literary, and performance cultures study American consumer culture,
popular culture, representations, and media in relation to U.S. literatures. Students
may also petition the director of undergraduate studies to develop an independent
concentration.
Senior requirement During the senior year, each student in the major completes work
in the area of concentration in one of three ways. First, the student may enroll in a
senior seminar within the area of concentration (AMST 400490). Students should
apply interdisciplinary methods and undertake original research to produce a final
paper of twenty to twenty-five pages. Students must complete all course requirements
to fulfill the senior requirement.
Second, the student may complete a one-term senior project or essay (AMST 491). The
product should be a thirty-page essay or its equivalent in another medium. All students
writing a one-term senior essay participate in a proseminar on theory and method. To
apply for admission to AMST 491, a student should submit a prospectus, signed by the
faculty adviser, to the director of undergraduate studies.
Third, the student may enroll in the intensive major (AMST 493 and 494) and work
independently for two terms. The intensive major offers an opportunity for significant
original research leading to a substantial senior project. AMST 493, 494 carries
two terms of credit; its final product should be a sixty-page essay or its equivalent
in another medium. All students in the intensive major participate in a yearlong
proseminar on theory and method. One term of the two-term project may count as a
course in the area of concentration. To apply for admission to AMST 493 and 494, a
student should submit a prospectus, signed by the faculty adviser, to the director of
As a multidisciplinary program, American Studies draws on the resources of other
departments and programs in the University. The following list of courses is meant
to be suggestive only: apart from those courses required for the major, it is neither
restrictive nor exhaustive. Students are encouraged to examine the offerings of other
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departments in both the humanities and the social sciences, as well as residential college
seminars, for additional relevant courses. The stated area of concentration of each
student determines the relevance and acceptability of other courses.

Prerequisites None
Distribution of courses 4 gateway courses, as specified; 2 junior sems, 1 in area of
concentration; 5 courses in area of concentration for letter grades, 1 on a related
non-U.S. topic, (1 may be one term of two-term senior project); 2 electives
Substitution permitted 1 freshman sem for 1 gateway course; others with DUS
permission
Senior requirement Senior sem (AMST 400490) or one-term senior project
(AMST 491) related to area of concentration
Intensive major Same, except a two-term senior project (AMST 493 and 494) replaces
AMST 491
Freshman Seminars
* AMST 010b, Islam in the United States Zareena Grewal
Introduction to ethnic studies and ethnographic film and writing through the study of
Islam in the United States. The wide variety of Muslim ethnic and racial and immigrant
groups in the United States and the new forms of religious life that develop from their
interaction. Global and universal elements of Islam; elements that are specific to place
and community, including what is American about Islam in America. Enrollment
limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program.
WR, HU
*AMST 012b / HIST 012b, Politics and Society in the United States after World
War II Jennifer Klein
Introduction to American political and social issues from the 1940s to the present,
including political economy, civil rights, class politics, and gender roles. Legacies of the
New Deal as they played out after World War II; the origins, agenda, and ramifications
of the Cold War; postwar suburbanization and its racial dimensions; migration and
immigration; cultural changes; social movements of the Right and Left; Reaganism and
its legacies; the United States and the global economy. Enrollment limited to freshmen.
Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. HU
*AMST 016b / ENGL 012b, Literary Cities: New York, Chicago, San Francisco
Wai Chee Dimock
An introduction to American literature, told through the vibrant lives, ethnic diversities,
and innovative genres revolving around three urban centers. Enrollment limited to
* AMST 019a / HIST 018a, Commodities as U.S. History Matthew Jacobson
American social, cultural, and political history introduced through study of the
production, distribution, and consumption of common commodities. Topics include
political economy, slavery, industrialization, labor, the rise of the corporation, the
growth of the administrative and regulatory state, geopolitics, foreign policy, and
American Studies
111
cultural change. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under

Freshman Seminar Program. RP
* AMST 060b / AFAM 060b / HIST 016b, Significance of American Slavery Edward
Rugemer
Gateway Courses
AMST 111b / RLST 111b / WGSS 111b, Sexuality and Religion Kathryn Lofton
The relationship between ideas about sex and ideas about religion; the interrelations of
sexual and religious practices. Case studies from religious cultures in the United States.
Examination of presumptive norms about sexuality, religion, and American culture.
HU
AMST 133a / ER&M 187a / HIST 107a, Introduction to American Indian History
Ned Blackhawk
Survey of American Indian history, beginning with creation traditions and migration
theories and continuing to the present day. Focus on American Indian nations whose
homelands are located within the contemporary United States. Complexity and change
within American Indian societies, with emphasis on creative adaptations to changing
historical circumstances. WR, HU
AMST 135a / HIST 127a / WGSS 200a, U.S. Lesbian and Gay History George
Chauncey
Introduction to the social, cultural, and political history of lesbians, gay men, and
other socially constituted sexual minorities. Focus on understanding categories of
sexuality in relation to shifting normative regimes, primarily in the twentieth century.
The emergence of homosexuality and heterosexuality as categories of experience and
identity; the changing relationship between homosexuality and transgenderism; the
development of diverse lesbian and gay subcultures and their representation in popular
culture; religion and sexual science; generational change and everyday life; AIDS; and
gay, antigay, feminist, and queer movements. HU
AMST 141a / HIST 141a, The American West John Mack Faragher
The history of the American West as both frontier and region, real and imagined,
from the first contacts between Indians and Europeans in the fifteenth century to the
multicultural encounters of the contemporary Sunbelt. Students work with historical
texts and images from Yale's Western Americana Collection. HU
AMST 160b / AFAM 160b / HIST 184b, The Rise and Fall of Atlantic Slavery
Edward Rugemer
emancipation. HU
112
AMST 161a / AFAM 110a, Freedom and Identity in Black Cultures Jafari Allen
AMST 162a / AFAM 162a / HIST 187a, African American History from Emancipation
movement. WR, HU
AMST 163b / EVST 120b / HIST 120b / HSHM 204b, American Environmental
History Paul Sabin
Ways in which people have shaped and been shaped by the changing environments of
North America from precolonial times to the present. Migration of species and trade
in commodities; the impact of technology, agriculture, and industry; the development
of resources in the American West and overseas; the rise of modern conservation and
environmental movements; the role of planning and impact of public policies. WR, HU
AMST 190a / HIST 112a, The Formation of Modern American Culture, 18761919
Jean-Christophe Agnew
An introduction to the cultural history of the United States from Reconstruction
through the First World War, with special attention to the persistence of popular
culture, the transformation of bourgeois culture, and the birth of mass culture during a
period of rapid industrialization. HU
AMST 193b / HIST 122b, Origins of U.S. Global Power Jenifer Van Vleck
Policies, strategies, and ideas that enabled the United States to become a world power.
Manifest Destiny, expansion, and empire; American exceptionalism; nationalism and
internationalism; capitalism and consumer culture; technological innovation; the
relation between domestic politics and U.S. foreign policy, particularly with regard to
race and gender; challenges and resistance to U.S. global power. Focus on the twentieth
century, with introduction to critical moments in U.S. and international history during
the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries. HU
AMST 211b / AFAM 140b / ENGL 293b / ER&M 210b / WGSS 211b, Race and Gender
difference. WR, HU
* AMST 225a / FILM 325a, American Film Comedy Michael Roemer
A study of the great American film comedians and an investigation into the psychology
of laughter. Comedians from Chaplin and Keaton to the Marx brothers and Fields
examined against a background of European comedy. Comic form and technique and
their relevance to the American scene. Not a history of American film comedy. Priority
American Studies
113
to juniors and seniors majoring in American Studies or in Film & Media Studies. HU
RP
* AMST 257b / ENGL 325b, Modern Apocalyptic Narratives James Berger
The persistent impulse in Western culture to imagine the end of the world and
what might follow. Social and psychological factors that motivate apocalyptic
representations. Differences and constant features in apocalyptic representations from
the Hebrew Bible to contemporary science fiction. Attitudes toward history, politics,
sexuality, social class, and the process of representation in apocalyptic texts. HU
* AMST 258a / EVST 258a, Wilderness in the North American Imagination Michelle
Morgan
The idea of wilderness in American history, art, film, public policy, and literature, from
the Puritans to the present. Authors include Thoreau, Faulkner, Jack London, Mary
Rowlandson, Aldo Leopold, and Rachel Carson. A weekend field trip is held early in the
term. HU
AMST 261b / ENGL 291b, The American Novel since 1945 Amy Hungerford
American fiction; works by Richard Wright, Flannery OConnor, Patricia Highsmith,
Vladimir Nabokov, Jack Kerouac, Philip Roth, Marilynne Robinson, Toni Morrison,
Cormac McCarthy, Alison Bechdel, and Junot Diaz. HU
AMST 272a / ER&M 282a / HIST 183a / WGSS 272a, Asian American History, 1800 to
the Present Mary Lui
An introduction to the history of East, South, and Southeast Asian migrations and
settlement to the United States from the late eighteenth century to the present.
Major themes include labor migration, community formation, U.S. imperialism,
legal exclusion, racial segregation, gender and sexuality, cultural representations, and
political resistance. HU
AMST 282a / ENGL 282a, American Literature from the Civil War to World War I
Caleb Smith
A survey of American literature from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth.
Social protest, literary experimentation, and avant-garde aesthetics. Readings may
include works by Twain, DuBois, James, Stein, Williams, and Faulkner. HU
AMST 284b / ER&M 217b, Introduction to Latino/a Studies Albert Laguna
Themes and issues that have shaped the experiences of Latino/a populations in the
United States explored within an interdisciplinary and hemispheric framework.
Relations between the United States and Latin America; the history of ethnic labels;
the formation of transnational communities and identities; the politics of language and
bilingualism; race, class, and ethnicity; and gender and sexuality. HU
* AMST 289b, History of Housing in America Staff
Introduction to political, economic, and cultural trends that have shaped housing in
American cities and suburbs since the nineteenth century. Focus on housing reform,
housing policy, and the physical spaces in which class, race, and gender identities are
constructed and contested. Topics include tenement reform, suburbanization, urban
renewal, public housing, homelessness, and New Urbanism. HU
114
* AMST 296a / AFAM 296a / ENGL 296a / WGSS 292a, Contemporary African
Junior Seminars
* AMST 306a / FILM 469a, The Films of Martin Scorsese Michael Kerbel
Close analysis of Scorseses films, with attention to his themes and styles and to ways in
which his works have assimilated literary and cinematic influences, reflected their eras,
and influenced other directors. Scorseses work examined in the context of film history,
and of U.S. culture and history, from the 1960s to the present. HU RP
* AMST 307b, Sports, Civil Rights, and American Leadership Joseph Spooner
Relations among sports, civil rights movements, and the evolution of American
leadership values in the twentieth century. The American sports hero and the struggle
for equality of race, gender, and sexual orientation; the cultural effects of major sports
phenomena on ideas of leadership and social change. Attention to intellectual and
cultural history, literature, and film. Case studies based on key sporting figures and
events.
* AMST 310b / AFAM 410b / WGSS 410b, Interdisciplinary Approaches to African
* AMST 315b, Colonial Visions and Contemporary Revisions Birgit Rasmussen
American literature from the colonial period paired with contemporary texts to examine
how contemporary writers use, critique, revise, or speak back to colonial narratives.
Contemporary authors include Eduardo Galeano, Toni Morrison, and Arthur Miller,
who revisit histories of conquest, enslavement, and settler colonialism. HU RP
* AMST 335a, Introduction to Native American and Indigenous Literatures Birgit
Rasmussen
Historical survey of literature in the Americas from the pre-Columbian era to the
present, with a focus on the past few centuries of literary production in North America.
Ways in which texts relate to each other across time and space, as well as to American
literature and critical theory more generally. Genres include the novel, poetry, the
graphic manuscript, literary criticism, and performance literature such as music, spoken
word, and film. HU
* AMST 344b / ENGL 433b, The Nonhuman in Literature since 1800 Wai Chee
Dimock
Nonhuman life forms in fiction and poetry from the nineteenth century to the twentyfirst, including plants and animals, monsters and viruses, intelligent machines, and
extraterrestrial aliens. The complexity and variety of nonhuman ecology. WR, HU
American Studies
115
AMST 351b / FILM 321b, Hollywood in the Twenty-First Century Ronald Gregg
Examination of how globalization and the global success of American films have
affected Hollywood film production, stardom, distribution, and exhibition, as well as
the aesthetics of film image, sound, and narration. Topics also include the effects of new
digital technologies on film aesthetics, spectacle, spectatorship, and exhibition, and the
responses of independent and other national cinemas to Hollywood's hegemony. HU
* AMST 358b / ENGL 281b, Animals in Modern American Fiction James Berger
Literary portrayals of animals are used to examine the relations between literature,
science, and social and political thought since the late nineteenth century. Topics
include Darwinist thought, socialism, fascism, gender and race relations, new thinking
about ecology, and issues in neuroscience. HU RP
* AMST 359a / AFAM 377a / FILM 424a, Urban Narratives of Injustice in The Wire
Hazel Carby
HU
* AMST 370a / THST 380a, The History of Dance Jessica Berson
An examination of major movements in the history of concert and social dance from
the late nineteenth century to the present, including ballet, tap, jazz, modern, musical
theater, and different cultural forms. Topics include tradition versus innovation, the
influence of the African diaspora, and interculturalism. Exercises are used to illuminate
analysis of the body in motion. WR, HU
* AMST 381a / ARCH 351a, Poets' Landscapes Dolores Hayden
Introduction to techniques poets have used to ground their work in the landscapes and
buildings of American towns and cities including Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles.
Attention to poems from a national automotive landscape as well as narrative poems
about cities. Writing exercises in different poetic forms; readings from the works of
Dickinson, Frost, Bishop, Lowell, Wilbur, Dickey, Pinsky, Cervantes, and Merrill. WR,
HU
* AMST 382b, Culture of the Early Cold War Joel Silverman
U.S. history and culture from the end of World War II through the 1950s. Ways in
which Americans made sense of their world. The formation of American identity after
World War II, with emphasis on the construction of gender identity. Texts include
novels, short stories, essays, film, advertisements, and music. HU
* AMST 385b, Trauma in American Film and Television Christine Muller
Origins, multiple meanings, and influence of the notion of trauma in contemporary
American culture. Relations between theories of popular culture and of trauma,
particularly in discussions of war, social upheaval, and September 11, 2001. The
conditions and implications of engaging trauma through everyday entertainment such
as film and television; the ethics of representation. HU
Senior Seminars
* AMST 402a / ANTH 302a / FILM 324a / WGSS 380a, Gender and Sexuality in
Media and Popular Culture Vanessa Agard-Jones and Laura Wexler
Investigation of visual media and popular culture in the United States and
transnationally. Gender, race, class, and sexuality in relation to the production,
116
circulation, consumption, and reception of media culture. Focus on theories of media

and the visual. Significant lab component in which students use media technologies to
make and illustrate theoretical arguments. HU
* AMST 403a, Introduction to Public Humanities Ryan Brasseaux
Introduction to the various media, topics, debates, and issues framing public
humanities. The relationship between knowledge produced in the university and the
circulation of ideas among a broader public, including modes of inquiry, interpretation,
and presentation. Public history, museum studies, oral and community history, public
art, documentary film and photography, public writing and educational outreach, and
the socially conscious performing arts. HU
* AMST 406b, The Spectacle of Disability James Berger
Examination of how people with disabilities are represented in U.S. literature and
culture. Ways in which these representations, along with the material realities of
disabled people, frame society's understanding of disability; the consequences of
such formulations. Various media, including fiction, nonfiction, film, television, and
memoirs, viewed through a wide range of analytical lenses. WR, HU RP
* AMST 410b / WGSS 409b, Asian American Women and Gender, 1830 to the Present
Mary Lui
Asian American women as key historical actors. Gender analysis is used to reexamine
themes in Asian American history: immigration, labor, community, cultural
representations, political organizing, sexuality, and marriage and family life. WR, HU
* AMST 411a, Introduction to Documentary Studies Matthew Jacobson
An introduction to documentary film, photography, and radio for students interested in
doing documentary work, as well as for those who simply wish to study the history of
the documentary as a cultural form. HU RP
* AMST 413a, Planning Chicago Chloe Taft
Chicago as central to the American economy and geography, national policymaking
and demographic shifts, and our cultural imagination. Contemporary and historical
urban plans and policies, from nineteenth-century efforts to reverse the flow of the
Chicago River to recent proposals for the Obama Presidential Library. Topics include
City Beautiful, public housing, urban renewal, immigration, creative placemaking,
postindustrial redevelopment, and policing. SO
* AMST 414a / ENGL 440a, Poetry and Debates on the Value of Arts and Humanities
James Berger
Attacks on and defenses of poetry in the broadest sense (as culture, the aesthetic, the
humanities) from Plato to contemporary debates over the proper focus of education.
The value of poetry in terms of knowledge claims, moral impact, economic utility, and
other categories particular to artistic production and reception. WR, HU
* AMST 415a / ITAL 308a, The Worlds of Antonio Gramsci Michael Denning
Study of Antonio Gramsci (18911937), the Italian intellectual and Marxist
thinker. Engagement with his thought and works, particularly the Prison Notebooks.
Introduction to his world and his century, including modernism and Fordism, the
worldwide diaspora of Italian migrants, the revolutionary upheavals of 19171919, the
rise of fascism and communism, and the "new lefts" of the second half of the twentieth
century. HU
American Studies
117
* AMST 420b / AFAM 437b / ENGL 445b, Ralph Ellison in Context Robert Stepto
contemporaries, including Wright, Baldwin, Bearden, and Louis Armstrong. WR, HU
* AMST 422a / ER&M 435a / HIST 151Ja, Writing Tribal Histories Ned Blackhawk
Historical overview of American Indian tribal communities, particularly since the
creation of the United States. Challenges of working with oral histories, government
documents, and missionary records. WR, HU
* AMST 425b / ENGL 430b, American Culture and the Rise of the Environment
Michael Warner
U.S. literature from the late eighteenth century to the Civil War explored in the context
of climate change. Development of the modern concept of the environment; the
formation and legacy of key ideas in environmentalism; effects of industrialization and
national expansion; utopian and dystopian visions of the future. WR, HU
* AMST 427a, Ritual and American Culture Christine Muller
Ritualfrom daily activities to rites of passage to sacred actsas active participation
in specifically structured kinds of ways and as a unique mode by which culture is both
articulated and critiqued. Interdisciplinary theory and case studies from American
culture used to concretize and complicate conceptions of ritual while demystifying the
operations of cultural power. Thinkers such as Freud, Durkheim, and Catherine Bell;
case studies include funeral traditions, prison tattoos, and Thanksgiving Day parades.
SO
* AMST 433b, American Wastelands and Political Ecology Chloe Taft
Plans for the rehabilitation and reuse of natural and built environments in
contemporary America placed in cultural, historical, ecological, and political contexts.
Readings from anthropology, environmental studies, history, political ecology,
cultural geography, and urban planning. Topics include brownfield redevelopment,
environmental justice, heritage tourism, "ruin porn," fracking, meth labs, and casinos.
* AMST 435b / ANTH 366b, Anthropology of Inequality in America Kathryn Dudley
Sociocultural dimensions of social inequality in the contemporary United States.
Ways in which the socioeconomic processes that produce inequality are inextricably
embedded in worlds of cultural meaning; how those meanings are constructed and
embodied in everyday practice. Perspectives from anthropology, sociology, economics,
history, and popular media. SO
* AMST 441b / ER&M 370b / HIST 130Jb, Indians and the Spanish Borderlands
Ned Blackhawk
The experiences of Native Americans during centuries of relations with North
America's first imperial power, Spain. The history and long-term legacies of Spanish
colonialism from Florida to California. WR, HU
* AMST 445b / AFAM 210b / HIST 148Jb, Politics and Culture of the U.S. Color Line
Matthew Jacobson
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* AMST 457b / HIST 113Jb, Cultural Capital: New York in the Twentieth Century
An interdisciplinary study of New York City as a global cultural capital in the twentieth
century. Social, political, and economic forces shaping the principal institutions of
the city's patrician, popular, and mass cultures. The formation of identifiably "New
York" styles in the arts, architecture, photography, literature, and film. The changing
geography of cultural creation, reproduction, and distribution in the city. WR, HU
* AMST 463a and AMST 464b / FILM 455a and FILM 456b, Documentary Film
Workshop Charles Musser
A yearlong workshop designed primarily for majors in Film and Media Studies or
American Studies who are making documentaries as senior projects. Seniors in other
majors admitted as space permits. RP
Special Projects and Senior Project

* AMST 471a and AMST 472b, Individual Reading and Research for Juniors and
Seniors Michael Denning
Special projects intended to enable the student to cover material not otherwise offered
by the program. The course may be used for research or for directed reading, but in
either case a term paper or its equivalent is required as evidence of work done. It is
expected that the student will meet regularly with the faculty adviser. To apply for
admission, a student should submit a prospectus signed by the faculty adviser to the
* AMST 491a or b, Senior Project Michael Denning
Independent research and proseminar on a one-term senior project. For requirements
see under Senior requirement in the American Studies program description.
* AMST 493a and AMST 494b, Senior Project for the Intensive Major Najwa Mayer
Independent research and proseminar on a two-term senior project. For requirements
see under Senior requirement in the American Studies program description.
Anthropology
Director of undergraduate studies: Kalyanakrishnan Sivaramakrishnan, Rm.
128, 10 Sachem St., 432-3684, kalyanakrishnan.sivaramakrishnan@yale.edu;
anthropology.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY

Professors Richard Bribiescas, Richard Burger, Michael Dove, Kathryn Dudley,
J. Joseph Errington, Eduardo Fernandez-Duque, Inderpal Grewal, Andrew Hill,
Marcia Inhorn, William Kelly, Paul Kockelman, Roderick McIntosh, Catherine PanterBrick, Eric Sargis, James Scott, Helen Siu, Kalyanakrishnan Sivaramakrishnan, Anne
Underhill (Chair), Claudia Valeggia, David Watts, Harvey Weiss
Associate Professors Jafari Allen, Erik Harms, William Honeychurch, Karen
Nakamura, Douglas Rogers
Assistant Professors Oswaldo Chinchilla, Narges Erami, Karen Hbert, Louisa
Lombard, Brian Wood
Anthropology
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Senior Lecturer Carol Carpenter

A joint appointment with primary affiliation in another department or school.
The major in Anthropology gives a firm grounding in this comparative discipline
concerned with human cultural, social, and biological diversity. Anthropology deals
not only with that small proportion of humankind in Europe and North America
but with societies of the entire world, from the remotest past to the present day. It is
thus an essential part of a sound liberal education, helping us to see our world from
a perspective that challenges ethnocentric assumptions. The major in Anthropology
covers the evolution of human and nonhuman primates and the evolutionary biology
of living people; world prehistory and the emergence of civilization; diversity and
commonality in social organization and culture; the importance of culture for
understanding such topics as sickness and health, gender and sexuality, environment
and development, media and visual culture, urban life and sport, economic organization
and politics, law and society, migration, and religion; and language use as cultural
behavior.
The subfields of anthropological inquiryarchaeology, biological anthropology,
sociocultural anthropology, and linguistic anthropologytogether offer a holistic
perspective on humankind and its development.
Requirements of the major Students are required to present twelve course credits
toward their major. At least eight term courses must be taught in the Yale Department
of Anthropology. These eight must include an introductory or intermediate course
(numbered ANTH 001299) in each of at least three subfields of anthropology, a
senior essay course, three advanced courses (numbered ANTH 300470 or 473490,
not including a senior essay seminar), and one elective. The major does not have formal
tracks, but majors may choose to concentrate in one of the subfields of anthropology.
They may also draw on courses in sociocultural and biological anthropology to pursue
a concentration in medical anthropology. Those who concentrate in sociocultural
anthropology are strongly encouraged to take a course in ethnographic methods and
one in anthropological theory (e.g., ANTH 303 or 311). Those who concentrate in
biological anthropology are strongly encouraged to take courses that give them handson experience working with material used in the study of human and nonhuman
primate anatomy and evolution and that introduce them to laboratory methods.
Three term courses related to anthropology may be selected from other departments,
with approval by the director of undergraduate studies. Majors are not required to
present such cognate courses, but those who do should choose courses that expand
their knowledge in one of the subfields of anthropology or in an area of crossdisciplinary concentration. For example, cognate courses for biological anthropology
can be found in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (p. 241), Geology and
Geophysics (p. 359), Psychology (p. 582), and Forestry & Environmental
Studies (p. 342); cognates for sociocultural anthropology can be found in Sociology
(p. 611), American Studies (p. 107), History (p. 394), Environmental
Studies, Religious Studies, Global Affairs, and international and area studies.
Appropriate areas of cross-disciplinary concentrations include such topics as area
studies (e.g., Africa); anthropological approaches to law, environment, business, the
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built environment, and health; gender and sexuality studies; evolutionary biology; and
geology.
With permission of the director of undergraduate studies, students may apply up to
four courses taken outside Yale as electives or cognates toward the Anthropology major.
Such courses must have been approved for Yale College credit and may include courses
taken on a Year or Term Abroad (p. 65) or through summer study at another college or
university.
Credit/D/Fail A maximum of one course taken Credit/D/Fail may be applied toward
the Anthropology major.
Graduate courses Most graduate seminars in anthropology are open to qualified
undergraduates. Descriptions are available in the departmental office, 10 Sachem St.
Permission of the instructor and of the director of graduate studies is required.
Senior essay All majors are required to complete a substantial paper during the senior
year, either in a seminar or in ANTH 491. There are three options for completing the
senior essay. First, students can write a paper for an advanced seminar. A seminar senior
essay must be more substantial than a typical term paper and is expected to be 2025
pages long. It is evaluated by the seminar instructor and a second reader drawn from
the Yale faculty. Students must obtain written approval for this option from the seminar
instructor no later than the third week of the term. Students fulfilling the requirements
of two majors may not apply a single seminar essay toward the senior requirement for
both majors. The deadline for a seminar senior essay is the senior essay deadline, not
the term paper deadline. Students choosing this option must take the seminar for which
they write their essay in addition to the three advanced courses required for the major.
The second option for the senior essay is an independent essay on a subject of the
student's choice, completed in ANTH 491. A student pursuing this option must choose
a topic and identify a faculty adviser by the end of the third week of the term in which
the essay is to be written. By the same date, the adviser must approve a prospectus
that outlines the topic, objectives, and methods of the essay, as well as a preliminary
bibliography. The student should also inform the director of undergraduate studies of
a preferred second reader by this time. The adviser must have a faculty appointment in
Anthropology, and the second reader must have a faculty appointment at Yale.
The third option for the senior essay is a yearlong paper, begun in ANTH 471 or 472
and completed in ANTH 491. The yearlong essay is designed for students who wish
to pursue more extensive independent projects than can be completed in a single term.
Students must have their project approved by a faculty adviser who establishes the
requirements for ANTH 471 or 472; approval is required before the student registers for
ANTH 471 or 472, typically in the fall term of the senior year.

Prerequisites None
Number of courses 12 course credits (incl senior req)
Distribution of courses At least 1 intro survey or intermediate course in each of 3
subfields; 3 advanced courses (not incl senior essay sem); up to 3 cognate courses in
other depts or programs with DUS approval
Senior requirement Senior essay in advanced sem or ANTH 491
Anthropology
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Courses
ANTH 110a, An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Louisa Lombard
Anthropological study of cosmology, tacit knowledge, and ways of knowing the world
in specific social settings. Ways in which sociocultural specificity helps to explain
human solutions to problems of cooperation and conflict, production and reproduction,
expression, and belief. Introduction to anthropological ways of understanding cultural
difference in approaches to sickness and healing, gender and sexuality, economics,
religion, and communication. SO
Anthropology: Sociocultural
ANTH 116a, Introduction to Biological Anthropology David Watts
Introduction to human and primate evolution, primate behavior, and human biology.
Topics include a review of principles of evolutionary biology and basic molecular and
population genetics; the behavior, ecology, and evolution of nonhuman primates; the
fossil and archaeological record for human evolution; the origin of modern humans;
biological variation in living humans; and the evolution of human behavior. SC, SO
Anthropology: Biological
ANTH 132b, Sex, Love, and Reproduction Eduardo Fernandez-Duque and Claudia
Valeggia
Introduction to the scientific study of sex in humans. Basic principles of evolutionary
biology; genetic, physiological, ecological, social, and behavioral aspects of sex in
humans; topics relevant to human sexuality today. Examples drawn primarily from
traditional and modern human societies, with some attention to data from studies of
nonhuman primates. SC
ANTH 169a / WGSS 169a, Anthropological Approaches to Sex Karen Nakamura
The analytical concept of sex explored using theories and methods from archaeology
and from biological, sociocultural, and linguistic anthropology. Sexual morphology and
behavior; constructions of sex and gender; gendered violence, power, and language;
kinship and mating. SO
ANTH 170b, Chinese Culture, Society, and History Helen Siu
Anthropological explorations of basic institutions in traditional and contemporary
Chinese society. Topics include kinship and marriage, religion and ritual, economy and
social stratification, state culture, socialist revolution, and market reform. SO
ANTH 171b / ARCG 171b, Great Civilizations of the Ancient World Thomas Fenn
A survey of selected prehistoric and historical cultures through examination of
archaeological sites and materials. Emphasis on the methodological and theoretical
approaches by which archaeologists recover, analyze, and interpret the material remains
of the past. SO
Anthropology: Archaeology
ANTH 172a / ARCG 172a, Great Hoaxes and Fantasies in Archaeology William
Honeychurch
Examination of selected archaeological hoaxes, cult theories, and fantasies;
demonstration of how archaeology can be manipulated to authenticate nationalistic
ideologies, religious causes, and modern stereotypes. Examples of hoaxes and fantasies
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include the lost continent of Atlantis, Piltdown man, ancient giants roaming the earth,
and alien encounters. Evaluation of how, as a social science, archaeology is capable of
rejecting such interpretations about the past. SO
ANTH 182a, Primate Ecology and Social Behavior Eduardo Fernandez-Duque
Socioecology of primates compared with that of other mammals, emphasizing both
general principles and unique primate characteristics. Topics include life-history
strategies, feeding ecology, mating systems, and ecological influences on social
organization. SO
ANTH 201b, Postwar Vietnam Erik Harms
Vietnamese society since the end of the Vietnam War in 1975. Focus on the effect of
economic and political changes on cultural and social life. The challenges of postwar
socialism; economic renovation; the intersection of market-oriented socialism with
class dynamics, urbanization, gender, health care, and ritual life. SO
ANTH 205b, Language, Culture, and Identity J. Joseph Errington
Introduction to the role of language in the constitution of gendered, class, ethnic,
and national identities. Ethnographic and linguistic case studies are combined with
theoretical and comparative approaches. Enrollment limited to 40. SO
ANTH 209a, Anthropology of the Former Soviet Union and Eurasia Douglas Rogers
Survey of transformations in Eurasia and the former Soviet Union from the
1970s to the present. Transformations in politics, culture, religion, gender,
consumption patterns, national identity, natural resources, and territorial disputes;
interconnections among these issues. Changes in Eurasia viewed as windows onto
global transformations of knowledge, power, and culture in the early twenty-first
century. SO
ANTH 230a / WGSS 230a, Evolutionary Biology of Women's Reproductive Lives
Claudia Valeggia
Evolutionary and biosocial perspectives on female reproductive lives. Physiological,
ecological, and social aspects of women's development from puberty through
menopause and aging, with special attention to reproductive processes such as
pregnancy, birth, and lactation. Variation in female life histories in a variety of cultural
and ecological settings. Examples from both traditional and modern societies. SC
ANTH 231a, Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology Paul Kockelman
Critical approaches to popular culture in Africa and African history. Questions include
what "popular" means in popular culture; who becomes the "popular" and under
what conditions; how forms of popular culture comment on social experience; and
what happens when those forms are co-opted. Case studies include the reception of
soap operas in Egypt, the ambiguity of political authority in Cameroonian cartoons,
and the global aspirations of Tanzanian barbershop owners. Forms of popular culture
that intersect and overlap in and around southern Africa's mines and in the context of
informal urban economies. SO
* ANTH 234b / WGSS 234b, Disability and Culture Karen Nakamura
Exploration of disability from a cross-cultural perspective, using examples from around
the globe. Disability as it relates to identity, culture, law, and politics. Case studies may
Anthropology
123
include deafness in Japan, wheelchair mobility in the United States, and mental illness
in the former Soviet republics. SO RP
ANTH 242b, Human Evolutionary Biology and Life History Claudia Valeggia
The range of human physiological adaptability across environments and ecologies.
Effects of energetic constraints on growth, reproduction, and behavior within the
context of evolution and life history theory, with special emphasis on traditional nonWestern societies. SC, SO
ANTH 254a, Japan: Culture, Society, Modernity William Kelly
Introduction to Japanese society and culture. The historical development of Japanese
society; family, work, and education in contemporary Japan; Japanese aesthetics; and
psychological, sociological, and cultural interpretations of Japanese behavior. WR, SO
* ANTH 255b / ARCG 255b / LAST 255b, Inca Culture and Society Richard Burger
The history and organization of the Inca empire and its impact on the nations and
cultures it conquered. The role of archaeology in understanding the transformation of
Andean lifeways; the interplay between ethnohistoric and archaeological approaches to
the subject. SO
ANTH 264a / ARCG 264a, Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory Oswaldo Chinchilla
Mazariegos
An anthropological and ethnohistorical examination of the Aztec civilization that
dominated much of Mexico from the fourteenth century until the Spanish Conquest of
1521. SO
ANTH 267b / ARCG 267b, Human Evolution Andrew Hill
Examination of the fossil record of human evolution, including both paleontological
and archaeological evidence for changes in hominid behavior during the Pleistocene.
Prerequisite: an introductory course in biological anthropology or biology. SO
ANTH 271a / ARCG 271a, Human Ecology Brian Wood
Introduction to ways in which people use and relate to their physical and social
environments in both the past and the present. Adaptations underlying humanity's
unique ecological niche; cultural diversity in subsistence and resource use; population
growth and regulation; anthropogenic evolutionary and ecological change. SO
ANTH 280b, Evolution of Primate Intelligence David Watts
Discussion of the extent and evolutionary origins of cognitive abilities in primates
(prosimians, monkeys, apes, and humans). Topics include the role of ecological
and social factors as evolutionary forces; "ape language" studies; and whether any
nonhuman primates possess a "theory of mind." SO
ANTH 294b / ARCG 294b, The Ancient Maya Oswaldo Chinchilla Mazariegos
Introduction to the archaeological study of ancient Maya civilization in southern
Mexico and northern Central America. Maya origins and modes of adaptation to
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a tropical forest environment; political history of the Classic Maya and competing
theories about their collapse; overviews of Maya art, calendar, and writing. SO
* ANTH 301a, Foundations of Modern Archaeology Richard Burger
Discussion of how method, theory, and social policy have influenced the development
of archaeology as a set of methods, an academic discipline, and a political tool.
Background in the basics of archaeology equivalent to one introductory course is
assumed. SO
* ANTH 302a / AMST 402a / FILM 324a / WGSS 380a, Gender and Sexuality in
* ANTH 303a / AFAM 317a, Field Methods in Cultural Anthropology Narges Erami
The fundamentals of cultural anthropology methods. The foundations of fieldwork
approaches, including methods, theories, and the problem of objectivity. WR, SO
* ANTH 308a / WGSS 308a, Queer Ethnographies Karen Nakamura
Exploration of both classic and contemporary ethnographies of gender and sexuality.
Emphasis on understanding anthropology's contribution to and relationship with gay
and lesbian studies and queer theory. SO RP
* ANTH 311b, Anthropological Theory Narges Erami
Key texts in the theoretical development of sociocultural anthropology. Theorists
include Emile Durkheim, Marcel Mauss, A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, Bronislaw
Malinowski, E. E. Evans-Pritchard, Claude Lvi-Strauss, Mary Douglas, Clifford
Geertz, Sherry Ortner, Michele Rosaldo, and Talal Asad. SO
ANTH 316Lb / ARCG 316Lb, Introduction to Archaeological Laboratory Sciences
Roderick McIntosh
Introduction to techniques of archaeological laboratory analysis, with quantitative data
styles and statistics appropriate to each. Topics include dating of artifacts, sourcing of
ancient materials, remote sensing, and microscopic and biochemical analysis. Specific
techniques covered vary from year to year.
* ANTH 320b / ARCG 320b / EVST 321b / NELC 320, From Babylon to Bush Harvey
Weiss
Analysis of Mesopotamian transformations from the earliest agriculture villages to the
earliest cities, states, and civilization, to the earliest empires, as well as the region-wide
collapses that punctuated these developments. Forces that drove these uniquely early
Mesopotamian developments. Essential archaeological questions, including why each
transformation happened, developed, and evolved. The end of the Ottoman empire and
the British (1917) and American (1991, 2003) invasions. HU, SO
Anthropology
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* ANTH 321b / MMES 321b / WGSS 321b, Middle East Gender Studies Marcia
Inhorn
The lives of women and men in the contemporary Middle East explored through
a series of anthropological studies and documentary films. Competing discourses
surrounding gender and politics, and the relation of such discourse to actual practices
of everyday life. Feminism, Islamism, activism, and human rights; fertility, family,
marriage, and sexuality. SO
* ANTH 333a, Bilingualism in Social Context J. Joseph Errington
The linguistic phenomenon of bilingualism presented through broad issues in social
description inseparably linked to it: growth and change in bilingual communities;
bilingual usage, social identity, and allegiance; and interactional significances of
bilingual speech repertoire use. SO
Anthropology: Linguistic
* ANTH 346a, Anthropological Approaches to Capitalism Douglas Rogers
An introduction to the anthropological study of capitalism. Focus on how markets and
commodities are embedded in social, cultural, and political contexts. Discussion of the
many ways people have embraced, reinterpreted, and resisted capitalism worldwide.
Consideration of the implications of this diversity for theories of capitalism as a whole.
Enrollment limited to sophomores. SO
* ANTH 355b / AFST 355b, China-Africa Encounters Helen Siu
* ANTH 360a / MMES 111a, Representing Iran Narges Erami
Major themes in Iranian history and culture used as a critical framework for
understanding challenges that face Iran today. Examination of Western production
of knowledge about Iran. Topics include local and oral history, revolutions, Islam and
secularism, democracy and theocracy, and the role of cinema. SO
* ANTH 366b / AMST 435b, Anthropology of Inequality in America Kathryn Dudley
* ANTH 370b, Anthropology of Information Paul Kockelman
Semiotic technologies, with a focus on the digital and computational mediation of
meaning. Relations between meaning and information, between interpretation and
computation, and between interaction and infrastructure. Readings from media studies,
cybernetics, computer science, semiotics, anthropology, and critical theory. SO
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* ANTH 380a / LING 219a, The Evolution of Language and Culture Claire Bowern
Introduction to cultural and linguistic evolution. How diversity evolves; how
innovations proceed through a community; who within a community drives change;
how changes can be "undone" to reconstruct the past. Methods originally developed for
studying evolutionary biology are applied to language and culture. WR, SO
* ANTH 382a / EVST 345a / F&ES 384a, Environmental Anthropology Michael Dove
History of the anthropological study of the environment: nature-culture dichotomy,
ecology and social organization, methodological debates, politics of the environment,
and knowing the environment. SO
* ANTH 385a / ARCG 385a, Archaeological Ceramics Anne Underhill
Archaeological methods for analyzing and interpreting ceramics, arguably the most
common type of object found in ancient sites. Focus on what different aspects of
ceramic vessels reveal about the people who made them and used them. SO
* ANTH 386b / GLBL 393b, Humanitarian Interventions: Ethics, Politics, and Health
Catherine Panter-Brick
Analysis of humanitarian interventions from a variety of social science disciplinary
perspectives. Issues related to policy, legal protection, health care, morality, and
governance in relation to the moral imperative to save lives in conditions of extreme
adversity. Promotion of dialogue between social scientists and humanitarian
practitioners. SO
* ANTH 388b, Politics of Culture in Southeast Asia Erik Harms
The promotion of national culture as part of political and economic agendas in
Southeast Asia. Cultural and political diversity as a method for maintaining a countrys
cultural difference in a global world. SO
* ANTH 397b / ARCG 397b, Archaeology of East Asia Anne Underhill
Introduction to the findings and practice of archaeology in China, Japan, Korea,
and southeast Asia. Methods used by archaeologists to interpret social organization,
economic organization, and ritual life. Attention to major transformations such as the
initial peopling of an area, establishment of farming villages, the development of cities,
interregional interactions, and the nature of political authority. SO
* ANTH 401b, Meaning and Materiality Paul Kockelman
The interaction of meaning and materiality. Relations among significance, selection,
sieving, and serendipity explored through classic work in biosemiosis, technocognition,
and sociogenesis. Sources from sociocultural and linguistic anthropology, philosophy,
and cognitive sciences such as psychology. SO
* ANTH 406a / EVST 424a / PLSC 420a, Rivers: Nature and Politics James Scott
The natural history of rivers and river systems and the politics surrounding the efforts
of states to manage and engineer them. SO
Anthropology
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* ANTH 410b / ARCG 410b, Ethnohistory and Archaeology Roderick McIntosh
Review of the major problems and methodologies associated with the use of
ethnohistory by archaeologists. The construction of a historical imagination. Sources
include colonial and visitor documents, peoples written descriptions of themselves,
oral traditions, classic ethnographies, and writings in art history. SO
* ANTH 413a, Language, Culture, and Ideology J. Joseph Errington
Review of influential anthropological theories of culture, with reference to theories
of language that inspired or informed them. American and European structuralism;
cognitivist and interpretivist approaches to cultural description; the work of Bakhtin,
Bourdieu, and various critical theorists. SO RP
* ANTH 414a, Hubs, Mobilities, and World Cities Helen Siu
Analysis of urban life in historical and contemporary societies. Topics include capitalist
and postmodern transformations; class, gender, ethnicity, and migration; and global
landscapes of power and citizenship. SO RP
* ANTH 424b, Political Anthropology of Russia and Its Neighbors Douglas Rogers
Consideration of political life in the territory of the former Soviet Union, with
an emphasis on fieldwork-based studies. Topics include mafias, petrostates, wars
and conflict, clan-based politics, protest movements, religion, power and gender,
corruption, legacies of the Soviet period, and the power of corporations. Prerequisite: a
course in the social sciences or in Russian/Eurasian studies. SO
* ANTH 429a / ARCG 429a, Integrating Remote Sensing in Archaeology William
Honeychurch and Andrew Womack
Introduction to satellite and geophysical remote sensing in anthropology. Focus
on integrating this data with other techniques and databases for manipulation and
application to archaeological research. Some experience with geographical information
systems (GIS) helpful but not required. SO
* ANTH 432b, Politics of Language J. Joseph Errington
Language difference and language inequality as symbols and shapers of political
dynamics and social change in plural societies. Comparative, theoretical, and
ethnographic approaches to the politics of sociolinguistic difference, with case studies
focused on specific issues. Topics include problems of substandard languages,
bilingual identities, ethnic and national identity, and globalization and language shift.
SO RP
* ANTH 438b, Culture, Power, Oil Douglas Rogers
The production, circulation, and consumption of petroleum as they relate to
globalization, empire, cultural performance, natural resource extraction, and the nature
of the state. Case studies include the United States, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Venezuela,
and the former Soviet Union. SO
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* ANTH 447b / ARCG 447b, Hunter-Gatherers Brian Wood

Survey of the ecology, economics, and political and social organization of contemporary
hunter-gatherers, and review of anthropological inquiry into foraging societies.
Approaches to understanding hunter-gatherer variability and their influence on the
study of human evolution and prehistory. SO
* ANTH 450b / ARCG 450b, Analysis of Lithic Technology Oswaldo Chinchilla
Mazariegos
Introduction to the analysis of chipped and ground stone tools, including instruction
in manufacturing chipped stone tools from obsidian. Review of the development of
stone tool technology from earliest tools to those of historical periods; relevance of this
technology to subsistence, craft specialization, and trade. Discussion of the recording,
analysis, and drawing of artifacts, and of related studies such as sourcing and use-wear
analysis. SO
* ANTH 451a / WGSS 431a, Intersectionality and Womens Health Marcia Inhorn
The intersections of race, class, gender, and other axes of difference and their effects
on womens health, primarily in the contemporary United States. Recent feminist
approaches to intersectionality and multiplicity of oppressions theory. Ways in which
anthropologists studying womens health issues have contributed to social and feminist
theory at the intersections of race, class, and gender. SO
* ANTH 453b, Health Disparities and Health Equity Catherine Panter-Brick
A biocultural perspective on debates in medical anthropology and global health that
focus on health disparities and equity. The intersection of biological and cultural issues
in matters of health research and intervention. Application of theoretical frameworks to
case studies in global health inequality. SO
* ANTH 455a / WGSS 459a, Masculinity and Mens Health Marcia Inhorn
Ethnographic approaches to masculinity and mens health around the globe. Issues
of ethnographic research design and methodology; interdisciplinary theories of
masculinity; contributions of mens health studies from Western and non-Western sites
to social theory, ethnographic scholarship, and health policy. SO RP
* ANTH 456a / ARCG 456a, Reconstructing Human Evolution: An Ecological
Approach Andrew Hill
Methods for obtaining data relevant to ecological factors that have affected human
evolutionary change, such as changes in climate, competition with other animals,
and availability and kinds of food supply. Evaluation of techniques for obtaining
ecological data in such fields as geology, paleobotany, and paleozoology. Ethnographic,
primatological, and other biological models of early human behavior. SO
* ANTH 457b, Topics in Evolutionary Theory Andrew Hill
Classic and current literature in theoretical evolutionary biology. Intensive training
in critical analysis of theoretical concepts and in scientific writing. Recommended
preparation: ANTH 267. SO
Applied Mathematics
129
ANTH 458b, Demography and Human Experience Brian Wood
Introduction to the study of the growth, decline, composition, migration, and
interaction of human populations. Methods for measuring, visualizing, and analyzing
population processes. Theory from disciplines such as history, social science, public
health, and environmental science used to explore the ways in which individual human
experience reflects and contributes to population dynamics. SO
* ANTH 471a or b, Readings in Anthropology Staff
For students who wish to investigate an area of anthropology not covered by regular
departmental offerings. The project must terminate with at least a term paper or
its equivalent. No student may take more than two terms for credit. To apply for
admission, a student should present a prospectus and bibliography to the director of
undergraduate studies no later than the third week of the term. Written approval from
the faculty member who will direct the student's reading and writing must accompany
the prospectus.
* ANTH 473b / ARCG 473b / EVST 473b, Abrupt Climate Change and Societal
Collapse Harvey Weiss
The coincidence of societal collapses throughout history with decadal and centuryscale drought events. Challenges to anthropological and historical paradigms of cultural
adaptation and resilience. Examination of archaeological and historical records and
high-resolution sets of paleoclimate proxies. HU, SO
* ANTH 491a or b, The Senior Essay Staff
Supervised investigation of some topic in depth. The course requirement is a long
essay to be submitted as the student's senior essay. By the end of the third week of
the term in which the essay is written, the student must present a prospectus and a
preliminary bibliography to the director of undergraduate studies. Written approval
from an Anthropology faculty adviser and an indication of a preferred second reader
must accompany the prospectus.
Applied Mathematics
Director of undergraduate studies: Daniel Spielman, Rm. 340, 17 Hillhouse Ave.,
436-1264, daniel.spielman@yale.edu; senior coordinator: Andrew Barron, 24 Hillhouse
Ave., 432-0634, andrew.barron@yale.edu; associate director of undergraduate studies:
Sekhar Tatikonda, Rm. 338, 17 Hillhouse Ave., 432-4714, sekhar.tatikonda@yale.edu
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF APPLIED

MATHEMATICS
Professors Andrew Barron (Statistics), Donald Brown (Economics, Mathematics),
Joseph Chang (Statistics), Ronald Coifman (Mathematics), Stanley Eisenstat (Computer
Science), Michael Fischer (Computer Science), Igor Frenkel (Mathematics), Roger Howe
(Mathematics), Peter Jones (Mathematics), A. Stephen Morse (Electrical Engineering),
David Pollard (Statistics), Nicholas Read (Physics, Applied Physics), Vladimir Rokhlin
(Computer Science, Mathematics), Herbert Scarf (Emeritus) (Economics), Peter
Schultheiss (Emeritus) (Electrical Engineering), Martin Schultz (Emeritus) (Computer
130
Science), Mitchell Smooke (Mechanical Engineering, Applied Physics), Daniel Spielman

(Computer Science), Van Vu (Mathematics), Gnter Wagner (Ecology & Evolutionary
Biology), Xiao-Jing Wang (Neurobiology), John Wettlaufer (Geology & Geophysics,
Mathematics, Physics), Huibin Zhou (Statistics), Steven Zucker (Computer Science,
Biomedical Engineering)
Associate Professors John Emerson (Statistics), Thierry Emonet (Molecular, Cellular,
& Developmental Biology, Physics), Josephine Hoh (Epidemiology & Public Health), Yuval
Kluger (Pathology), Michael Krauthammer (Pathology), Sekhar Tatikonda (Electrical
Engineering, Statistics)
J. W. Gibbs Assistant Professors Xiuyuan Cheng, Alexander Cloninger, Manas Rachh,
Guy Wolf
Mathematical models are widely used throughout science and engineering in fields
as diverse as physics, bioinformatics, robotics, image processing, and economics.
Despite the broad range of applications, there are a few essential techniques used in
addressing most problems. The Applied Mathematics major provides a foundation in
these mathematical techniques and trains the student to use them in a substantive field
of application.
The interdisciplinary major permits a great deal of flexibility in design. It is intended
to appeal to students who wish to study the more mathematical aspects of science or
engineering as well as those whose primary interest is in mathematics and statistics
and who wish to become acquainted with applications. Core courses are drawn from
Computer Science (p. 210), Mathematics (p. 476), Statistics (p. 639), and
Engineering and Applied Science (p. 276). Courses applying mathematics may
be drawn from participating programs in Applied Physics (p. 134); Astronomy
(p. 160); the biological sciences, including Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
(p. 241), Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (p. 501), and Molecular,
Cellular, and Developmental Biology (p. 507); Chemistry (p. 178); Computer
Science (p. 210); Economics (p. 249); the various programs in engineering,
including Biomedical (p. 167), Chemical (p. 173), Electrical (p. 265),
Environmental (p. 299), and Mechanical (p. 488) Engineering; Geology and
Geophysics (p. 359); Mathematics (p. 476); Physics (p. 551); Political Science
(p. 561); and Statistics (p. 639). The Applied Mathematics degree program
requires a three-course concentration in a field in which mathematics is used.
Students may pursue a major in Applied Mathematics as one of two majors and can
thereby equip themselves with mathematical modeling skills while being fully engaged
in a field of application. In this case, the concentration requirement of the Applied
Mathematics program is flexible in order to recognize the contribution of the other
major. A two-course overlap is permitted in satisfying the requirements of the two
majors.
Prerequisite and introductory courses Multivariable calculus and linear algebra are
required and should be taken before or during the sophomore year. This requirement
may be satisfied by MATH 120 or ENAS 151, and MATH 222 or 225, or equivalents.
It may also be satisfied by MATH 230, 231. Computer programming skills are also
required and may be acquired by taking ENAS 130 or CPSC 112.
Applied Mathematics
131
Details of individual programs must be worked out in consultation with the director of
undergraduate studies, whose signed permission is required.
Requirements of the major for the B.A. degree program The program requires eleven
term courses beyond the prerequisites, including the senior project, comprising a
coherent program:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A course in differential equations (ENAS 194 or MATH 246)

A course in probability (STAT 241 or 238)
A course in data analysis (STAT 361 or 230)
A course in discrete mathematics (AMTH 244 or CPSC 202)
Courses in at least three of the following areas: (a) optimization: AMTH 437;
(b) probability and statistics: STAT 242, 251, 312, 364, ECON 136, ENAS 496;
(c) partial differential equations and analysis: MATH 247, 250, 260, 300, 301,
310; (d) algorithms and numerical methods: CPSC 365, 440, ENAS 440, 441;
(e) graph theory: AMTH 462; (f ) mathematical economics: ECON 350, 351;
(g) electrical engineering: EENG 397, 436, 442, STAT 364; (h) data mining and
machine learning: STAT 365, CPSC 445; (i) biological modeling and computation:
CPSC 475, BENG 445, ENAS 391; (j) physical sciences: ASTR 320, 420, G&G 322,
323, 421, PHYS 344, 401, 402, 410, 420, 430, 440, 442, 460, APHY 439, 448; (k)
engineering: MENG 280, 285, 361, 383, 463, 469, CENG 301, 315
6. At least three courses in a field of concentration involving the application of
mathematics to that field, at least two of which are advanced courses. Programs in
science, engineering, computer science, statistics, and economics are natural sources
of concentration. Alternatively, when two majors are undertaken, if the second
major is in a participating program, then, recognizing that there can be an overlap
of two courses, the student may take for the remaining course an additional choice
relevant to the Applied Mathematics major such as listed in point 5 above or for
the B.S. degree below. Details of a student's program to satisfy the concentration
requirement must be worked out in consultation with, and approved by, the
director of undergraduate studies
7. Senior seminar (AMTH 490) or special project completed during senior year
(AMTH 491)
The B.S. degree program In addition to the courses indicated for the B.A. degree, the
B.S. degree, which totals fourteen term courses beyond the prerequisites, must also
include:
1. Topics in analysis (MATH 300) or introduction to analysis (MATH 301); the
course selected may not be counted toward the area requirement for the major (see
item 5 above)
2. An additional course selected from the list in item 5 above
3. Another course numbered 300 or higher from the list above, or a course numbered
300 or higher in mathematics, applied mathematics, statistics, or quantitative
computer science or engineering, subject to the approval of the director of
undergraduate studies
132
Alternatively, students may petition to receive a B.S. in Applied Mathematics by

fulfilling the B.A. requirements in Applied Mathematics and the B.S. requirements in
another program.
Credit/D/Fail A maximum of one course credit taken Credit/D/Fail may be counted
toward the requirements of the major.

Prerequisites MATH 120 or ENAS 151, and MATH 222 or 225, or equivalents;
ENAS 130 or CPSC 112
Number of courses B.A.11 term courses beyond prereqs (incl senior req); B.S.14
term courses beyond prereqs (incl senior req)
Specific courses required B.A.ENAS 194 or MATH 246; STAT 241 or 238; STAT 361
or 230; AMTH 244 or CPSC 202; B.S.same, plus MATH 300 or 301
Distribution of courses B.A.at least 3 courses in a field of concentration concerning
the application of math to that field, at least 2 of them advanced; 3 addtl courses as
specified; B.S.same, with 2 addtl courses as specified
Substitution permitted MATH 230, 231 for mathematics prerequisites
Senior requirement Senior sem (AMTH 490) or special project (AMTH 491)
Introductory Courses
* AMTH 160b / MATH 160b, The Structure of Networks Staff
Network structures and network dynamics described through examples and
applications ranging from marketing to epidemics and the world climate. Study of
social and biological networks as well as networks in the humanities. Mathematical
graphs provide a simple common language to describe the variety of networks and their
properties. QR
AMTH 222a or b / MATH 222a or b, Linear Algebra with Applications Staff
Matrix representation of linear equations. Gauss elimination. Vector spaces. Linear
independence, basis, and dimension. Orthogonality, projection, least squares
approximation; orthogonalization and orthogonal bases. Extension to function spaces.
Determinants. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Diagonalization. Difference equations
and matrix differential equations. Symmetric and Hermitian matrices. Orthogonal and
unitary transformations; similarity transformations. After MATH 115 or equivalent.
May not be taken after MATH 225. QR
Intermediate and Advanced Courses

AMTH 244a / MATH 244a, Discrete Mathematics Asaf Ferber
Basic concepts and results in discrete mathematics: graphs, trees, connectivity, Ramsey
theorem, enumeration, binomial coefficients, Stirling numbers. Properties of finite set
systems. Recommended preparation: MATH 115 or equivalent. QR
AMTH 247b / G&G 247b / MATH 247b, Partial Differential Equations Stefan
Steinerberger
Introduction to partial differential equations, wave equation, Laplace's equation,
heat equation, method of characteristics, calculus of variations, series and transform
Applied Mathematics
133
methods, and numerical methods. Prerequisites: MATH 222 or 225, MATH 246, and
ENAS 194, or equivalents. QR
AMTH 260a / MATH 260a, Basic Analysis in Function Spaces Stefan Steinerberger
Diagonalization of linear operators, with applications in physics and engineering;
calculus of variations; data analysis. MATH 260 is a natural continuation of PHYS 301.
Prerequisites: MATH 120, and 222 or 225. QR
* AMTH 342a / EENG 442a, Linear Systems A. Stephen Morse
Introduction to finite-dimensional, continuous, and discrete-time linear dynamical
systems. Exploration of the basic properties and mathematical structure of the
linear systems used for modeling dynamical processes in robotics, signal and image
processing, economics, statistics, environmental and biomedical engineering, and
control theory. Prerequisite: MATH 222 or permission of instructor. QR
AMTH 361a / STAT 361a, Data Analysis Staff
Selected topics in statistics explored through analysis of data sets using the R statistical
computing language. Topics include linear and nonlinear models, maximum likelihood,
resampling methods, curve estimation, model selection, classification, and clustering.
After STAT 242 and MATH 222 or 225, or equivalents. QR
AMTH 364b / EENG 454b / STAT 364b, Information Theory Staff
Foundations of information theory in communications, statistical inference, statistical
mechanics, probability, and algorithmic complexity. Quantities of information and their
properties: entropy, conditional entropy, divergence, redundancy, mutual information,
channel capacity. Basic theorems of data compression, data summarization, and channel
coding. Applications in statistics and finance. After STAT 241. QR
AMTH 428a / E&EB 428a / G&G 428a / PHYS 428a, Science of Complex Systems
Jun Korenaga
Introduction to the quantitative analysis of systems with many degrees of freedom.
Fundamental components in the science of complex systems, including how to simulate
complex systems, how to analyze model behaviors, and how to validate models using
observations. Topics include cellular automata, bifurcation theory, deterministic chaos,
self-organized criticality, renormalization, and inverse theory. Prerequisite: PHYS 301,
MATH 247, or equivalent. QR, SC
* AMTH 437b / ECON 413b / EENG 437b, Optimization Techniques Sekhar
Tatikonda
Fundamental theory and algorithms of optimization, emphasizing convex optimization.
The geometry of convex sets, basic convex analysis, the principle of optimality, duality.
Numerical algorithms: steepest descent, Newton's method, interior point methods,
dynamic programming, unimodal search. Applications from engineering and the
sciences. Prerequisites: MATH 120 and 222, or equivalents. May not be taken after
AMTH 237. QR
* AMTH 480a or b, Directed Reading Daniel Spielman
Individual study for qualified students who wish to investigate an area of applied
mathematics not covered in regular courses. A student must be sponsored by a faculty
member who sets the requirements and meets regularly with the student. Requires a
written plan of study approved by the faculty adviser and the director of undergraduate
studies.
134
* AMTH 482a or b, Research Project Daniel Spielman

Individual research. Requires a faculty supervisor and the permission of the director of
undergraduate studies. The student must submit a written report about the results of
the project. May be taken more than once for credit.
* AMTH 491a or b, Senior Project Daniel Spielman
Individual research that fulfills the senior requirement. Requires a faculty supervisor
and the permission of the director of undergraduate studies. The student must submit a
written report about the results of the project.
Applied Physics
Director of undergraduate studies: Victor E. Henrich, 327 BCT, 432-4399,
victor.henrich@yale.edu; appliedphysics.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

Professors Charles Ahn, Sean Barrett, Hui Cao, Richard Chang (Emeritus), Michel
Devoret, Paul Fleury, Steven Girvin, Leonid Glazman, Victor Henrich, Sohrab
Ismail-Beigi, Marshall Long, Tso-Ping Ma, Simon Mochrie, Daniel Prober,
Nicholas Read, Mark Reed, Robert Schoelkopf, Ramamurti Shankar, Mitchell
Smooke, A. Douglas Stone, John Tully, Robert Wheeler (Emeritus), Werner Wolf
(Emeritus)
Associate Professors Eric Dufresne, Jack Harris, Corey O'Hern, Hongxing
Tang
Assistant Professors Liang Jiang, Peter Rakich
A joint appointment with primary affiliation in another department.
Physics is the study of the fundamental laws of nature. Applied physics uses these
laws to understand phenomena that have practical applications. Engineering in turn
makes use of these phenomena for human purposes. Applied physics thus forms a link
between the fundamental laws of nature and their applications. Students majoring
in Applied Physics take courses in both physics and engineering, as well as courses
specifically in applied physics. Students completing the program in Applied Physics
are prepared for graduate study in applied physics, in physics, in nanoscience, or in
engineering, and, with appropriate prerequisites, in medicine; or they may choose
careers in a wide range of technical and commercial fields or in fields such as technical
writing or patent law that draw on interdisciplinary subjects.
Contemporary physical science and engineering are becoming increasingly
interdisciplinary. Traditional boundaries between fields have blurred, and new areas
are constantly emerging, e.g., nanotechnology. The Applied Physics major provides
a flexible framework on which students can build a curriculum tailored to their own
interests, in consultation with the director of undergraduate studies.
Introductory courses and prerequisites During the freshman year, students interested
in Applied Physics should start by taking courses in mathematics, and physics if
possible, appropriate to their level of preparation. The choice between different starting
points is generally made on the basis of performance on Advanced Placement tests; see
Applied Physics
135
the Freshman Web site (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/content/academic-information) for

more information.
The recommended sequence in mathematics for students interested in Applied
Physics or Electrical or Mechanical Engineering is MATH 115, APHY 151, MATH 222,
and APHY 194. Either MATH 120 or MATH 230, 231 is an acceptable alternative
to APHY 151, and MATH 225 is an acceptable alternative to MATH 222. Similarly,
PHYS 301 may be substituted for APHY 194 and MATH 222.
The recommended starting courses in physics are PHYS 200 and 201. These courses
should be taken in the freshman year by students who have a strong preparation in
mathematics and physics. Students with a particularly strong background in physics
and mathematics may take PHYS 260 and 261 instead. Students who are less well
prepared in physics and mathematics may choose to take PHYS 180 and 181 during
their freshman year, or PHYS 200 and 201 during their sophomore year after they have
taken more mathematics courses. Two laboratory courses, such as PHYS 205L and
206L, should be taken at some time during the freshman or sophomore year.
Because computers are ubiquitous in the practical applications of physics, students
interested in Applied Physics should also take a course on the use of computers early in
their studies. ENAS 130 is recommended; a comparable course in computer science may
be substituted with the approval of the director of undergraduate studies.
The multiplicity of choices facing students interested in this general area indicates
the importance of informed advice for freshmen. Students should consult freely with
directors of undergraduate studies and individual faculty members in their departments
of interest to optimize choices and to ensure maximum flexibility at the time a major is
selected.
Requirements of the major The major in Applied Physics requires eight courses
beyond the introductory sequence. Two of these must be APHY 471, 472. All majors
are also required to take APHY 322, 439, and PHYS 420, or equivalents. The three
remaining advanced courses should focus on a particular area of concentration. For
example, a student interested in solid-state and/or quantum electronics might choose
from APHY 321, 448, 449, EENG 320, and 325. A student interested in the physics of
materials and/or nanoscience might choose from APHY 448, 449, CHEM 220, 450, and
MENG 285. Many other concentrations are possible.
Senior requirement Seniors must complete an independent research project, taken
as APHY 471 and 472. The independent research project is under the supervision of a
faculty member in Applied Physics, Physics (p. 551), Engineering (p. 275), or
related departments. The project may be started in the junior year and continued into
the senior year. Students planning to do a research project should contact the director
of undergraduate studies as early as possible to discuss available options and general
requirements.
136
A well-prepared student interested in materials physics or quantum electronics who

starts the senior research in the junior year might elect the following course sequence:
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
APHY 151
APHY 194
APHY 439
APHY 448
MATH 222
APHY 322
APHY 472
APHY 449
PHYS 200
ENAS 130
EENG 320
APHY 471
PHYS 201
PHYS 206L
PHYS 420
PHYS 205L
A student interested in alternative energy who starts physics in the sophomore year and
conducts research in the senior year might elect:
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
MATH 115
APHY 194
APHY 322
APHY 448
MATH 120
MATH 222
APHY 439
APHY 471
PHYS 200
EENG 320
APHY 472
PHYS 201
ENAS 130
EENG 406
PHYS 205L
PHYS 420
PHYS 206L
Approval of programs The Applied Physics major provides for various programs
corresponding to a range of student interests. Substitutions of equivalent courses
may be permitted. Students interested in an Applied Physics major should contact the
director of undergraduate studies as early as possible, and in any case by the end of the
sophomore year.

Prerequisites PHYS 180, 181, or 200, 201, with appropriate math coreqs and 2 lab
courses as specified; APHY 151 or MATH 120; MATH 222 and APHY 194, or
PHYS 301; ENAS 130
Number of courses 8 term courses beyond prereqs (incl senior req)
Distribution of courses 3 courses in physical or mathematical sciences or engineering
in area of concentration, with DUS approval
Specific courses required APHY 322, 439, PHYS 420, or equivalents
Substitution permitted Any relevant course approved by DUS
Senior requirement APHY 471 and 472
Courses
APHY 151a or b / ENAS 151a or b, Multivariable Calculus for Engineers Staff
An introduction to multivariable calculus focusing on applications to engineering
problems. Topics include vector-valued functions, vector analysis, partial
differentiation, multiple integrals, vector calculus, and the theorems of Green, Stokes,
and Gauss. Prerequisite: MATH 115 or equivalent. QR RP
137
APHY 194a or b / ENAS 194a or b, Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations with
Applications Staff
Basic theory of ordinary and partial differential equations useful in applications. Firstand second-order equations, separation of variables, power series solutions, Fourier
series, Laplace transforms. Prerequisites: ENAS 151 or equivalent, and knowledge of
matrix-based operations. QR RP
APHY 321b / EENG 401b, Semiconductor Silicon Devices and Technology
Tso-Ping Ma
Introduction to integrated circuit technology, theory of semiconductor devices, and
principles of device design and fabrication. Laboratory involves the fabrication and
analysis of semiconductor devices, including Ohmic contacts, Schottky diodes, p-n
junctions, solar cells, MOS capacitors, MOSFETs, and integrated circuits. Prerequisite:
EENG 320 or equivalent or permission of instructor. QR, SC
APHY 448a / PHYS 448a, Solid-State Physics I Victor Henrich
The first term of a two-term sequence covering the principles underlying the electrical,
thermal, magnetic, and optical properties of solids, including crystal structure,
phonons, energy bands, semiconductors, Fermi surfaces, magnetic resonances, phase
transitions, dielectrics, magnetic materials, and superconductors. Prerequisites: APHY
322, 439, PHYS 420. QR, SC
* APHY 471a and APHY 472b, Special Projects Victor Henrich
Faculty-supervised individual or small-group projects with emphasis on research
(laboratory or theory). Students are expected to consult the director of undergraduate
studies and appropriate faculty members to discuss ideas and suggestions for suitable
topics. These courses may be taken at any appropriate time in the student's career; they
may be taken more than once. Permission of the faculty adviser and of the director of
undergraduate studies is required.
Director of undergraduate studies: Oswaldo Chinchilla, Rm. 301, 51 Hillhouse Ave.,
436-5923, oswaldo.chinchilla@yale.edu; www.yale.edu/archaeology
COUNCIL ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES

Anthropology Richard Burger (Chair), Oswaldo Chinchilla, Thomas Fenn, Andrew
Hill, William Honeychurch, Roderick McIntosh, Eric Sargis, Anne Underhill
Classics Milette Gaifman, Andrew Johnston, Diana Kleiner
Geology & Geophysics Ronald Smith
History Valerie Hansen
History of Art Edward Cooke, Jr., Mary Miller
Near Eastern Languages & Civilizations John Darnell, Karen Foster, Eckart Frahm,
Colleen Manassa, Harvey Weiss
Religious Studies Stephen Davis
This special interdisciplinary major is supervised by the University's Council on
Archaeological Studies. Inquiries about the major may be addressed to the chair of the
138
council, Richard Burger, Department of Anthropology, 10 Sachem Street, or to the

The major in Archaeological Studies provides a program of interdepartmental offerings
covering prehistoric, early historic, and medieval cultures and cultural developments
in the Old and New Worlds, and introduces students to the analytic tools that facilitate
archaeological studies. The major is designed to expose students to a variety of
archaeological research perspectives: anthropological, historical, art historical, and
physical science. Also emphasized are substantive studies including (1) study of such
prehistoricearly historic transformations as the origins of agriculture, cities and
states, and early empires, and (2) study of the material culture, art, and architecture
of prehistoric, early historic, and medieval cultures, including the iconography of
ancient cultures, the relationship between art and society, ancient writing systems, and
American historical archaeology.
Requirements of the major The major consists of thirteen courses, including the
senior project. The following six courses are required: an introductory survey; a
summer course in field techniques or a Yale-affiliated summer research project,
approved in advance by the director of undergraduate studies; the introductory
laboratory course ARCG 316L; an advanced laboratory course; a theory course; and
the senior research project ARCG 491. The remaining seven courses required for the
major must be distributed among the six subject areas represented by the departments
and programs offering courses multiple-titled with Archaeological Studies, with
three of those seven courses falling in different departments and programs. The
relevant departments and programs are Anthropology, Classics, Environmental
Studies, Geology and Geophysics, History of Art, and Near Eastern Languages and
Civilizations. Some courses may be applied to categories other than the ones in which
they are listed in this bulletin, upon application to the director of undergraduate
studies. For three of the seven archaeology electives students may, with permission of
the director of undergraduate studies, substitute three courses from other departments
in areas related to their research.
Students majoring in Archaeological Studies are strongly encouraged, but not required,
to devote a second summer either to archaeological research in the field or laboratory or
to an additional field course in archaeology. Members of the Council faculty currently
direct archaeological field projects in China, Egypt, Guatemala, Peru, Mali, Mongolia,
Senegal, Syria, and Rome. Qualified majors are encouraged to apply for research
positions with these projects.
Senior requirement The final requirement for the major is a senior research project
(ARCG 491) in some field of archaeology, preferably one involving more than one area
or discipline.
Advising Students majoring in Archaeological Studies should consult with the director
of undergraduate studies at the beginning of each term.

Prerequisites None
Number of courses 13 term courses (incl senior project)
Specific course required ARCG 316L
139
Distribution of courses 1 intro survey; 1 summer field techniques course or research

project, as specified; 1 advanced lab; 1 theory course; 7 electives, at least 1 in each of
3 areas, as specified
Substitution permitted For 3 electives, 3 courses related to research, with DUS
permission
Senior requirement Research project (ARCG 491)
Anthropology
ARCG 171b / ANTH 171b, Great Civilizations of the Ancient World Thomas Fenn
A survey of selected prehistoric and historical cultures through examination of
archaeological sites and materials. Emphasis on the methodological and theoretical
approaches by which archaeologists recover, analyze, and interpret the material remains
of the past. SO
ARCG 172a / ANTH 172a, Great Hoaxes and Fantasies in Archaeology William
Honeychurch
Examination of selected archaeological hoaxes, cult theories, and fantasies;
demonstration of how archaeology can be manipulated to authenticate nationalistic
ideologies, religious causes, and modern stereotypes. Examples of hoaxes and fantasies
include the lost continent of Atlantis, Piltdown man, ancient giants roaming the earth,
and alien encounters. Evaluation of how, as a social science, archaeology is capable of
rejecting such interpretations about the past. SO
* ARCG 255b / ANTH 255b / LAST 255b, Inca Culture and Society Richard Burger
the subject. SO
ARCG 264a / ANTH 264a, Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory Oswaldo Chinchilla
Mazariegos
An anthropological and ethnohistorical examination of the Aztec civilization that
dominated much of Mexico from the fourteenth century until the Spanish Conquest of
1521. SO
ARCG 267b / ANTH 267b, Human Evolution Andrew Hill
Examination of the fossil record of human evolution, including both paleontological
and archaeological evidence for changes in hominid behavior during the Pleistocene.
Prerequisite: an introductory course in biological anthropology or biology. SO
ARCG 271a / ANTH 271a, Human Ecology Brian Wood
Introduction to ways in which people use and relate to their physical and social
environments in both the past and the present. Adaptations underlying humanity's
unique ecological niche; cultural diversity in subsistence and resource use; population
growth and regulation; anthropogenic evolutionary and ecological change. SO
ARCG 294b / ANTH 294b, The Ancient Maya Oswaldo Chinchilla Mazariegos
Introduction to the archaeological study of ancient Maya civilization in southern
Mexico and northern Central America. Maya origins and modes of adaptation to
140
a tropical forest environment; political history of the Classic Maya and competing
theories about their collapse; overviews of Maya art, calendar, and writing. SO
ARCG 316Lb / ANTH 316Lb, Introduction to Archaeological Laboratory Sciences
Roderick McIntosh
Introduction to techniques of archaeological laboratory analysis, with quantitative data
styles and statistics appropriate to each. Topics include dating of artifacts, sourcing of
ancient materials, remote sensing, and microscopic and biochemical analysis. Specific
techniques covered vary from year to year.
* ARCG 320b / ANTH 320b / EVST 321b / NELC 320, From Babylon to Bush Harvey
Weiss
* ARCG 385a / ANTH 385a, Archaeological Ceramics Anne Underhill
Archaeological methods for analyzing and interpreting ceramics, arguably the most
common type of object found in ancient sites. Focus on what different aspects of
ceramic vessels reveal about the people who made them and used them. SO
* ARCG 397b / ANTH 397b, Archaeology of East Asia Anne Underhill
* ARCG 410b / ANTH 410b, Ethnohistory and Archaeology Roderick McIntosh
Review of the major problems and methodologies associated with the use of
ethnohistory by archaeologists. The construction of a historical imagination. Sources
include colonial and visitor documents, peoples written descriptions of themselves,
oral traditions, classic ethnographies, and writings in art history. SO
* ARCG 429a / ANTH 429a, Integrating Remote Sensing in Archaeology William
Honeychurch and Andrew Womack
Introduction to satellite and geophysical remote sensing in anthropology. Focus
on integrating this data with other techniques and databases for manipulation and
application to archaeological research. Some experience with geographical information
systems (GIS) helpful but not required. SO
* ARCG 447b / ANTH 447b, Hunter-Gatherers Brian Wood
Survey of the ecology, economics, and political and social organization of contemporary
hunter-gatherers, and review of anthropological inquiry into foraging societies.
Approaches to understanding hunter-gatherer variability and their influence on the
study of human evolution and prehistory. SO
141
* ARCG 450b / ANTH 450b, Analysis of Lithic Technology Oswaldo Chinchilla

Mazariegos
Introduction to the analysis of chipped and ground stone tools, including instruction
in manufacturing chipped stone tools from obsidian. Review of the development of
stone tool technology from earliest tools to those of historical periods; relevance of this
technology to subsistence, craft specialization, and trade. Discussion of the recording,
analysis, and drawing of artifacts, and of related studies such as sourcing and use-wear
analysis. SO
* ARCG 456a / ANTH 456a, Reconstructing Human Evolution: An Ecological
Approach Andrew Hill
Methods for obtaining data relevant to ecological factors that have affected human
evolutionary change, such as changes in climate, competition with other animals,
and availability and kinds of food supply. Evaluation of techniques for obtaining
ecological data in such fields as geology, paleobotany, and paleozoology. Ethnographic,
primatological, and other biological models of early human behavior. SO
Classics
ARCG 161b / CLCV 161b / HSAR 247b, Art and Myth in Greek Antiquity Milette
Gaifman
Visual exploration of Greek mythology through the study of ancient Greek art
and architecture. Greek gods, heroes, and mythological scenes foundational to
Western culture; the complex nature of Greek mythology; how art and architecture
rendered myths ever present in ancient Greek daily experience; ways in which visual
representations can articulate stories. Use of collections in the Yale University Art
Gallery. HU
ARCG 252a / CLCV 175a / HSAR 252a, Roman Architecture Diana Kleiner
The great buildings and engineering marvels of Rome and its empire. Study of city
planning and individual monuments and their decoration, including mural painting.
Emphasis on developments in Rome, Pompeii, and central Italy; survey of architecture
in the provinces. HU
* ARCG 473b / ANTH 473b / EVST 473b, Abrupt Climate Change and Societal

* ARCG 362b / EVST 362b / G&G 362b, Observing Earth from Space Ronald Smith
A practical introduction to satellite image analysis of Earth's surface. Topics include the
spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, satellite-borne radiometers, data transmission
and storage, computer image analysis, the merging of satellite imagery with GIS
and applications to weather and climate, oceanography, surficial geology, ecology
and epidemiology, forestry, agriculture, archaeology, and watershed management.
142
Prerequisites: college-level physics or chemistry, two courses in geology and natural

science of the environment or equivalents, and computer literacy. QR, SC
History of Art
ARCG 238a / HSAR 238a / NELC 107a, Buried Cities: Thera, Pompeii, and
Herculaneum Karen Foster
Study of three ancient cities buried by volcanic eruptionsThera in c. 1530 B.C. and
Pompeii and Herculaneum in A.D. 79with emphasis on their architecture, wall
paintings, and small finds in cultural and historical context. HU

* ARCG 001a / NELC 001a, Egypt and Northeast Africa: A Multidisciplinary
Approach John Darnell
Examination of approximately 10,000 years of Nile Valley cultural history, with
an introduction to the historical and archaeological study of Egypt and Nubia.
Consideration of the Nile Valley as the meeting place of the cultures and societies of
northeast Africa. Various written and visual sources are used, including the collections
of the Peabody Museum and the Yale Art Gallery. Enrollment limited to freshmen.
Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program.
WR, HU
* ARCG 020b / CLCV 059b / EVST 030b / HIST 020b / NELC 026b, Rivers and
Civilization Joseph Manning and Harvey Weiss
The appearance of the earliest cities along the Nile and Euphrates in the fourth
millennium B.C. Settlements along the rivers, the origins of agriculture, the production
and extraction of agricultural surpluses, and the generation of class structures
and political hierarchies. How and why these processes occurred along the banks
of these rivers; consequent societal collapses and their relation to abrupt climate
changes. Includes a week-long field trip to Turkey. Enrollment limited to freshmen.
Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. WR, HU, SO
ARCG 244b / NELC 109b / RLST 245b, The Age of Akhenaton John Darnell
Study of the period of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaton (reigned 13531336 B.C.E.),
often termed the Amarna Revolution, from historical, literary, religious, artistic, and
archaeological perspectives. Consideration of the wider Egyptian, ancient Near Eastern,
African, and Mediterranean contexts. Examination of the international diplomacy, solar
theology, and artistic developments of the period. Reading of primary source material
in translation. HU
Advanced Research Courses

* ARCG 471a and ARCG 472b, Directed Reading and Research in Archaeology Staff
Qualified students may pursue special reading or research under the guidance of an
instructor. A written statement of the proposed research must be submitted to the
director of undergraduate studies for approval.
* ARCG 491a or b, Senior Research Project in Archaeology Staff
Required of all students majoring in Archaeological Studies. Supervised investigation
of some archaeological topic in depth. The course requirement is a long essay to be
submitted as the student's senior essay. The student should present a prospectus and
bibliography to the director of undergraduate studies no later than the third week of
Architecture
143
the term. Written approval from the faculty member who will direct the reading and
writing for the course must accompany the prospectus.
Architecture
Director of undergraduate studies: Bimal Mendis, 328 RDH, 432-8325,
bimal.mendis@yale.edu
MEMBERS OF THE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE TEACHING IN YALE

COLLEGE
Professors D. Michelle Addington, Turner Brooks (Adjunct), Keller Easterling,
Alexander Garvin (Adjunct), Steven Harris (Adjunct), Dolores Hayden, Alan Plattus,
Alexander Purves (Emeritus)
Associate Professor Eeva-Liisa Pelkonen
Assistant Professors Sunil Bald (Adjunct), Bimal Mendis (Adjunct), Kyoung Sun
Moon, W. Todd Reisz (Visiting), Elihu Rubin
Lecturers Victor Agran, Karla Britton, Ariane Lourie Harrison, Daniel Sherer
Critics Marta Justo Caldeira, Andrei Harwell, Adam Hopfner, Joyce Hsiang, Timothy
Newton
Application to the Architecture major Yale College students must apply to enter the
major during the spring term of their sophomore year, after taking ARCH 150, 154,
and 249. An application to the major must be submitted to the office of the director
of undergraduate studies no later than 4 p.m. on March 30, 2016, in 328 Rudolph
(third floor). All applications are reviewed by a faculty committee. Applications must
include the following information: name, address, telephone number, courses related
to architecture already taken, a statement of purpose, and a writing sample from Yale
College. Portfolios representative of course work for ARCH 150, 154, and 249 must also
be submitted for review as part of the application process by May 2, 2016. Applicants
must stipulate their first, second, and third choices for the three concentrations in
the major. The concentrations, described below, are Design; History, Theory, and
Criticism; and Urban Studies. Although qualified students and students who have
fulfilled the prerequisites may be admitted into the Architecture major, they will not
necessarily be admitted to their first-choice concentration. Applicants will be notified in
writing regarding acceptance to the major by May 31, 2016. The major is usually limited
to twenty students in the junior year and twenty students in the senior year, with a
maximum of sixteen students in the design concentration for each year. Students have
an opportunity to petition the director of undergraduate studies at the end of either
the fall or spring term of their junior year if they wish to change concentrations. The
director of undergraduate studies will notify students of the result of such a petition.
Based on a student's performance in required courses, the director of undergraduate
studies may also recommend a change in concentration.
Introduction to architecture Introductory courses are ARCH 150, 154, and 249. They
are open to all Yale College students except freshmen, and are required for those
interested in the Architecture major prior to application. Freshmen may consider
courses such as a freshman seminar, ARCH 260, 261, or STCY 176.
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The standard major The purpose of the undergraduate major is to include the study
of architecture within a comprehensive liberal arts education, drawing from the
broader academic and professional environment of the Yale School of Architecture. The
curriculum includes work in design, in history, theory, and criticism of architecture, and
in urban studies, and leads to a bachelor of arts degree with a major in Architecture. As
a liberal arts major in Yale College, it is not an accredited professional degree program.
For accredited professional degree programs, refer to the requirements of the National
Architectural Accrediting Board (http://www.naab.org) (NAAB).
The Design concentration introduces complex processes involved in solving spatial and
programmatic problems. Creative work is grounded in the study of history and culture,
and in the analysis of social conditions influencing architecture. Design studios provide
a forum for production and discourse. Studio projects address issues of architectural
form, space, composition, site, tectonics, and program.
The History, Theory, and Criticism concentration is intended to establish a broad
historical and intellectual framework for the study of architecture. An interdisciplinary
approach is encouraged through additional courses taken in various fields of humanities
and social sciences. Normally these interdisciplinary courses address subjects closely
linked to architectural history, theory, and criticism. Such courses may include
archaeology, history of religion, aesthetics, philosophy, or visual culture. Permission of
the director of undergraduate studies is required if the courses fall outside the specified
course of studies. During their senior year students complete a written senior essay on a
topic approved by the faculty.
The Urban Studies concentration encourages a broad, interdisciplinary investigation of
the complex forces that shape the urban physical environment. The sequence of courses
culminates in a senior essay that builds on course work, and either develops analysis
and planning proposals for a specific site or furthers an individual research agenda.
Requirements of the major Students majoring in Architecture are required to
take fifteen course credits. Majors are expected to take three prerequisites in their
sophomore year and to complete a core of four courses, for five course credits, by
the end of their junior year. They must also base their studies in one of three areas of
concentration: Design; History, Theory, and Criticism; or Urban Studies.
The courses for all concentrations include three prerequisites: ARCH 150, 154, and 249.
The core of four courses required for all concentrations includes the studio courses
ARCH 250 and 251, to be taken during the junior year after the student is accepted into
the major, and the history of architecture surveys ARCH 260 and 261, to be completed
by the end of the junior year. The electives are categorized under four broad subject
areas: history and theory of architecture, urbanism and landscape, materials and
technology, and structures and computation.
For the Design concentration, the following additional courses are required:
1. One elective in history and theory of architecture chosen from ARCH 341, 348, 431,
or other relevant course in History of Art (p. 418) approved by the director of
2. One elective in urbanism and landscape chosen from ARCH 340, 344, 345, 347, 348,
351, STCY 176, or other relevant course in American Studies (p. 107), Ethics,
Architecture
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Politics, and Economics (p. 311), Environmental Studies (p. 303), or Political
Science (p. 561) approved by the director of undergraduate studies
3. One elective in materials and technology chosen from ARCH 162, 163, or other
relevant course in Environmental Studies (p. 303) approved by the director of
4. One elective in structures and computation chosen from ARCH 161, an approved
calculus or physics course, or other relevant course approved by the director
of undergraduate studies. Elementary calculus is strongly recommended as
preparation for graduate studies in Architecture
5. The senior requirement: ARCH 450 and 494
For the History, Theory, and Criticism concentration, the following additional courses
are required:
1. Four electives in history and theory of architecture, chosen from ARCH 341, 348,
431, or other relevant courses in History of Art (p. 418) approved by the director
of undergraduate studies
2. One elective in urbanism and landscape chosen from ARCH 340, 344, 345, 347, 348,
351, STCY 176, or other relevant course in American Studies (p. 107), Ethics,
Politics, and Economics (p. 311), Environmental Studies (p. 303), or Political
Science (p. 561) approved by the director of undergraduate studies
For the Urban Studies concentration, the following additional courses are required:
1. Four electives in urbanism and landscape chosen from ARCH 340, 344, 345,
347, 348, 351, STCY 176, or other relevant courses approved by the director of
undergraduate studies in American Studies (p. 107), Ethics, Politics, and
Economics (p. 311), Environmental Studies (p. 303), or Political Science
(p. 561)
2. One elective in history and theory of architecture chosen from ARCH 341, 348, 431,
or other relevant course in History of Art (p. 418) approved by the director of
Digital media orientation All Architecture students are required to complete
orientation sessions in digital media workshop and materials laboratory. Students
enrolled in ARCH 249 are required to complete these sessions at the beginning of
the spring term of the sophomore year. Access to digital media equipment will not be
allowed until the required orientation sessions have been completed. Questions should
be addressed to the director of undergraduate studies or the director of digital media,
John Eberhart (432-9655, john.eberhart@yale.edu).
Library orientation The Architecture program requires all students to complete a
ninety-minute introductory library research session. Students enrolled in ARCH 249
must take this session at the beginning of the spring term of the sophomore
year. Failure to complete the required orientation will preclude completion of the
major. Students may offer no substitutions for this orientation. Students should
register with the Haas Family Arts Library Public Services Librarian, Lindsay King
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(436-8052, lindsay.king@yale.edu). Questions should be addressed to the director of

Shop orientation The Architecture program requires all majors to complete several
woodshop and materials lab orientation sessions. Students enrolled in ARCH 249
must take these sessions during the first weeks of the spring term of the sophomore
year. Access to the woodshop and materials lab will not be allowed until the required
orientation sessions have been completed. Questions should be addressed to the
director of undergraduate studies or to the shop coordinator, Timothy Newton
(432-7234, timothy.newton@yale.edu).
Senior requirement Seniors in the Design track take ARCH 450, the senior studio,
and 494, the senior design project. Seniors in the History, Theory, and Criticism track
and in the Urban Studies track take ARCH 490, the senior research colloquium, and
491, the senior project. Proposals for senior projects and essays are submitted in the fall
term for review and approval by the senior project coordinator, and then distributed
to faculty members for review before the faculty members agree to become senior
advisers. Senior essays and projects for ARCH 491 are due in the office of the director
of undergraduate studies by Friday, April 15, 2016. In the spring term, all seniors must
submit a portfolio of their work to the office of the director of undergraduate studies
by Friday, May 6, 2016. For all majors, this portfolio must be representative of the
student's design work including prerequisites and the senior project. History, Theory,
and Criticism majors and Urban Studies majors must also include a copy of the senior
essay and other appropriate texts.
Courses in the School of Architecture Unless otherwise indicated in the course
descriptions, all courses in the School of Architecture are open to majors and nonmajors
with permission of the instructor and the graduate registrar. They are not open to the
Credit/D/Fail option. Students are admitted on the basis of their previous course work
and previous performance.

Prerequisites ARCH 150, 154, 249
Number of courses 15 course credits (incl prereqs and senior req)
Specific courses required ARCH 250, 251, 260, 261
Distribution of courses Design1 elective in history and theory of architecture, 1
in urbanism and landscape, 1 in materials and technology, 1 in structures and
computation, all approved by DUS; History, Theory, and Criticism4 electives in
history and theory of architecture, 1 in urbanism and landscape, all approved by
DUS; Urban Studies4 electives in urbanism and landscape, 1 in history and theory
of architecture, all approved by DUS
Other Orientation sessions in digital media, library, and woodshop and materials lab
Senior requirement All concentrationsportfolio representative of design work,
including prereqs and senior req; DesignARCH 450 and 494; History, Theory, and
CriticismARCH 490 and 491; Urban StudiesARCH 490 and 491
Architecture
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Courses
* ARCH 005a, Modern Architecture and the City Karla Britton
Issues in modern American architecture and urbanism examined through the work of
prominent architects closely associated with Yale and New Haven. Perspectives on the
character, development, and sociocultural consequences of building today. Enrollment
HU
ARCH 150a, Introduction to Architecture Alexander Purves
Lectures and readings in the language of architecture. Architectural vocabulary,
elements, functions, and ideals. Notebooks and projects required. Not open to
freshmen. Required for all Architecture majors. HU
* ARCH 154b, Drawing Architecture Victor Agran
Introduction to the visual and analytical skills necessary to communicate architectural
ideas. Observation and documentation of architectural space on the Yale campus.
Drawing exercises introduce the conventions of architectural representation: plan,
section, elevation, and isometric drawings, as well as freehand perceptual drawings of
architectural space. Not open to freshmen. Required for all Architecture majors.
* ARCH 162b, Materials in Architecture Timothy Newton
Science and technology of basic building materials studied together with historic and
current design applications. Skills and processes required to create, shape, and connect
materials experienced through hands-on projects. Technical notebooks, drawings,
design and build exercises, and projects required. Enrollment limited to 20.
ARCH 163b, Environment, Energy, Building Michelle Addington
An introduction to energy and environmental issues faced by the discipline of
architecture. Global environmental issues, basic principles of energy generation and
energy use, and fundamental climatic precursors and patterns. The complexity of
developing solutions that address a wide range of local and global concerns.
* ARCH 230b / STCY 176b, Introduction to the Study of the City Alexander Garvin
An examination of forces shaping American cities and strategies for dealing with them.
Topics include housing, commercial development, parks, zoning, urban renewal,
landmark preservation, new towns, and suburbs. The course includes games, simulated
problems, fieldwork, lectures, and discussion. SO
* ARCH 249b, The Analytic Model Staff
Introduction to the history and practice of architectural analysis. Students produce
drawings, models, and diagrams of significant architectural works in order to facilitate
a comprehensive understanding of specific architects, buildings, and contexts.
Description of a variety of approaches and the reciprocal relationship between analysis
and design. Required for all Architecture majors.
* ARCH 250a, Methods and Form in Architecture I Bimal Mendis
Analysis of architectural design of specific places and structures. Analysis is governed
by principles of form in landscape, program, ornament, and space, and includes design
methods and techniques. Readings and studio exercises required. Enrollment limited to
25. Open only to Architecture majors. 1 Course cr
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* ARCH 251b, Methods and Form in Architecture II Joyce Hsiang

Continuation of ARCH 250. Analysis of architectural design of specific places and
structures. Analysis is governed by principles of form in landscape, program, ornament,
and space, and includes design methods and techniques. Readings and studio exercises
required. 1 Course cr
ARCH 260a, History of Architecture I: Antiquity to the Baroque Daniel Sherer
The first half of a two-term sequence in the history of architecture. Architecture and
urbanism from ancient Egypt through Greek and Roman classical traditions to the
Enlightenment. The formal expressionorganizational, structural, and ornamental
and social context of specific buildings and urban areas. Architecture as a form of
social expression that builds on its own stylistic development, articulating a response to
changes in history and culture. Emphasis on Western architecture, with selections from
other parts of the world. HU
* ARCH 261b / HSAR 325b, History of Architecture II: The Eighteenth Century to the
Millennium Eeva-Liisa Pelkonen
Modern architecture and urbanism from the eighteenth century to the end of the
twentieth. Genesis and meaning of architectural form, applying national, cultural, and
international contexts. HU
* ARCH 344a, Urban Life and Landscape Elihu Rubin
The built environment as a text tool for constructing narratives of human activity,
aspiration, and struggle. Methods of viewing the ordinary landscape of the twentiethcentury American city: pulling apart its historical layers, examining social meanings,
and observing its function today. Modes of inquiry include video, public presentations,
field trips, photography, and writing. HU
ARCH 345b, Civic Art: Introduction to Urban Design Staff
Introduction to the history, analysis, and design of the urban landscape. Principles,
processes, and contemporary theories of urban design; relationships between individual
buildings, groups of buildings, and their larger physical and cultural contexts. Case
studies from New Haven and other world cities. HU
* ARCH 347b / EP&E 426b / PLSC 250b, Infrastructure: Politics and Design Elihu
Rubin
Infrastructuresthe physical frameworks for human settlement, urbanization, and
social life, including networks for transportation, water, energy, and communication.
Current debates on infrastructure spending in the context of historical investments in
the modern American city. SO
* ARCH 348b, The Benevolent City William Reisz
Cities as places of violence, vice, and irrelevance vs. cities as stages where humanity
reaches its most elevated heights of self-realization and cultural production. Critical
review of writing about cities to identify recurring arguments and value systems.
The question of whether cities should be expected to convey benevolence on their
inhabitants. WR, HU
* ARCH 351a / AMST 381a, Poets' Landscapes Dolores Hayden
Introduction to techniques poets have used to ground their work in the landscapes and
buildings of American towns and cities including Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles.
Attention to poems from a national automotive landscape as well as narrative poems
about cities. Writing exercises in different poetic forms; readings from the works of
Architecture
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Dickinson, Frost, Bishop, Lowell, Wilbur, Dickey, Pinsky, Cervantes, and Merrill. WR,
HU
ARCH 385a, New Haven and the American City Alan Plattus and Elihu Rubin
New Haven as a window on the problems and promise of American urbanism. New
Haven compared with New York, New Orleans, Louisville, Cleveland, Houston,
Denver, and San Francisco. Emphasis on the historical development of transportation,
manufacturing, housing, governance, and culture. Problems of planning, education,
class, and race. SO
ARCH 431b, Religion and Modern Architecture Karla Britton
The historical evolution of sacred building in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
Relations between a building, its cultural environment, and its cult. The influence
of religion in contemporary civic life as manifest in the design and construction of
prominent religious buildings. Examination of mosques, synagogues, temples, and
churches. Perspectives from philosophy, comparative religion, liturgical studies, and
architectural theory and practice. WR, HU
* ARCH 450a, Senior Studio Turner Brooks and Adam Hopfner
Advanced problems with emphasis on architectural implications of contemporary
cultural issues. The complex relationship among space, materials, and program.
Emphasis on the development of representationsdrawings and modelsthat
effectively communicate architectural ideas. To be taken before ARCH 494. Enrollment
limited to Architecture majors. 1 Course cr
* ARCH 471a or b, Individual Tutorial Bimal Mendis
Special courses may be established with individual members of the department only.
The following conditions apply: (1) a prospectus describing the nature of the studio
program and the readings to be covered must be approved by both the instructor and
the director of undergraduate studies; (2) regular meetings must take place between
student and instructor; (3) midterm and final reviews are required.
* ARCH 472La, Individual Tutorial Laboratory Bimal Mendis
An independent tutorial focusing on methods and techniques of representation in
architecture, including the synthesis of studio work using a variety of visual media.
Concurrently with ARCH 471 or after a spring term abroad. RP Course cr
* ARCH 490a, Senior Research Colloquium Karla Britton
Research and writing colloquium for seniors in the Urban Studies and History, Theory,
and Criticism tracks. Under guidance of the instructor and members of the Architecture
faculty, students define their research proposals, shape a bibliography, improve research
skills, and seek criticism of individual research agendas. Requirements include proposal
drafts, comparative case study analyses, presentations to faculty, and the formation of
a visual argument. Guest speakers and class trips to exhibitions, lectures, and special
collections encourage use of Yale's resources.
* ARCH 491b, Senior Project Staff
An essay or project in the student's area of concentration. Students in the history,
theory, and criticism track or in the urban studies track pursue independent research
with an adviser; this project must terminate in a senior essay.
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* ARCH 494b, Senior Project Design Studio Steven Harris

Individual design investigations, focusing on independence and precision in the
deployment of design ideas. Reliance on visual and nonverbal presentations.
Development of a three-dimensional component, such as large-scale mock details, or
other visual means of presentation, which might include photography, film, video, or
interactive media. Examination of the skills, topics, and preparation to support design
research. 1 Course cr
Art
(Drawing, Filmmaking, Graphic Design, Painting, Photography, Printmaking, and
Sculpture)
Director of undergraduate studies: Lisa Kereszi, 122 GRN, 432-2600, art.dus@yale.edu;
art.yale.edu
MEMBERS OF THE SCHOOL OF ART TEACHING IN YALE COLLEGE

Professors Samuel Messer (Adjunct), Michael Roemer (Adjunct), Robert Storr
Associate Professors Gregory Crewdson, Anoka Faruqee, Martin Kersels
Assistant Professor Michael Queenland
Senior Critics Alice Chung, John Gambell, Pamela Hovland, Christopher Pullman,
Douglass Scott, Henk van Assen
Critics Julian Bittiner, Johannes DeYoung, Lisa Kereszi, Sandra Luckow, Sarah
Oppenheimer
Lecturers Jonathan Andrews, Mark Aronson, Anna Betbeze, Sandra Burns, Susan
Cahan, Yeju Choi, Benjamin Donaldson, Dru Donovan, Munro Galloway, Julian
Gilbert-Davis, Kate Greene, Curran Hatleberg, Elana Herzog, Brent Howard, Joy
Kim, Sarah Lasley, Michelle Lopez, Meredith Miller, Dushan Petrovich, Richard
Rose, Carolyn Salas, Laurel Schwulst, Scott Stowell, Ka-Man Tse, William Villalongo,
Anahita Vossoughi, Natalie Westbrook
Students in the Art major develop an understanding of the visual arts through a studiobased curriculum, apply fundamentals of art across a variety of media and disciplines,
relate the practice of making art to the fields of art history and theory, and gain a
high level of mastery of at least one artistic discipline. Students may concentrate on
a medium such as painting/printmaking, sculpture, graphic design, photography, or
film.
Courses in Art are open to all undergraduate students. In cases where student demand
for entry into a course is greater than can be accommodated, priority will be given to
School of Art students and declared Art majors. The director of undergraduate studies
and members of the Art faculty will be present for counseling on Tuesday, September
1, from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. adjacent to the School of Art Gallery at Holcombe T.
Green, Jr., Hall, 1156 Chapel Street. Students seeking advice about course selection
or the program in Art should come at that time. Others wishing to elect Art courses
should go to the first meeting of the class, when each instructor will determine the class
enrollment. Classes begin on Wednesday, September 2. For courses beginning in the
spring term, counseling will be held on Tuesday, January 19, 2016, from 12 noon to 1:30
Art
151
p.m. adjacent to the School of Art Gallery; Art classes begin on Wednesday, January 20,
2016. All Art majors are required to register with the director of undergraduate studies
at the beginning of each term at the time and place listed above in order to be enrolled
or to continue in the major.
Prerequisites The prerequisites for acceptance into the major are a sophomore review,
which is an evaluation of work from studio courses taken at the Yale School of Art,
and five introductory (100-level) term courses. Four of the introductory courses must
have been completed at the time of the sophomore review. Visual Thinking (ART 111)
and Basic Drawing (ART 114) are mandatory. At the time of the review, the student
should be enrolled in the fifth 100-level prerequisite course. In exceptional cases,
arrangements for a special review during the junior year may be made with the director
of undergraduate studies.
Requirements of the major The Art major requires fourteen term courses, including
the following: (1) five prerequisite courses at the 100 level (including Basic Drawing
and Visual Thinking); (2) four courses at the 200 level or above; (3) the Junior Seminar
(ART 395) or Critical Theory in the Studio (ART 301); (4) the yearlong Senior Project
(ART 495 and 496); and (5) two term courses in the history of art. Program guidelines
and specific requirements for the various areas of concentration are described below.
Area of concentration Each Art major selects an area of concentration from five
possible choices: (1) graphic design, (2) painting/printmaking, (3) photography, (4)
sculpture, and (5) filmmaking. Required courses for the graphic design concentration
include ART 132, Introduction to Graphic Design; ART 264 and 265, Typography
in Graphic Design I and II; ART 368, Intermediate Graphic Design, or ART 369,
Interactive Design; and ART 468 and 469, Advanced Graphic Design I and II. The
painting/printmaking concentration requires ART 116, Color; ART 130, Painting Basics,
or ART 230 or 231, Introductory Painting; ART 330 and 331, Intermediate Painting I
and II; ART 224, Figure Drawing, or ART 356, Printmaking I; and ART 430, Painting
Studio. Students in the photography concentration take ART 136, Introductory Blackand-White Photography, or ART 138, Digital Photography; ART 237, Intermediate
Photography; ART 338, Intermediate Digital Photography; ART 379, Photographic
Techniques; and ART 401, Advanced Photography. The sculpture concentration requires
ART 110, Sculpture Basics; ART 345 and 346, Intermediate Sculpture I and II; ART 371,
Sound Art, or ART 348, Sculpture with Time-Based Mediums; and ART 445, Advanced
Sculpture I. Required courses for the filmmaking concentration include ART 141 and 142,
Language of Film Workshop I and II; ART 341, Intermediate Fiction Film Workshop;
ART 342, Intermediate Documentary Film Workshop; and ART 442 and 443, Advanced
Film Workshop I and II. Students in the filmmaking concentration may substitute
courses in film and media studies for the history of art requirement.
Summer fellowship Art majors are eligible for the Ellen Battell Stoeckel Fellowship for
study at the Yale University Summer School of Music and Art at Norfolk, Connecticut.
Applicants for the program must be officially classified as junior Art majors and be
returning to Yale for two terms of their senior year. The program awards up to four
course credits for work successfully completed. These credits cannot be used toward the
requirements of the Art major; however, they may be counted toward the 36-coursecredit graduation requirement.
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Repeated and outside courses Some Art courses may be repeated for credit,
with permission of both the instructor and the director of undergraduate studies.
Course credits in studio art earned at other institutions may be applied toward the
requirements of the major, at the discretion of the director of undergraduate studies and
subject to a faculty review process.
Facilities fees All Art majors are charged a facilities access and user fee of $200 per
term. Additional materials fees are levied in individual courses, as specified at the end
of the course description. Materials fees cannot be refunded after the second week of
classes.

Prerequisites Favorable faculty review of work done in studio courses before end of
sophomore year; ART 111 and 114; 3 addtl 100-level courses
Number of courses 14 term courses (incl prereqs and yearlong senior project)
Specific course required All concentrationsART 395 or ART 301; Graphic design
ART 132, 264, 265; ART 368 or 369; ART 468, 469; Painting/printmaking
ART 116; ART 130, 230, or 231; ART 330, 331; ART 224 or 356; ART 430;
PhotographyART 136 or 138; ART 237, 338, 379, 401; SculptureART 110, 345,
346; ART 371 or 348; ART 445; FilmmakingART 141, 142, 341, 342, 442, 443
Distribution of courses 5 courses at 100 level (incl prereqs); 4 courses at 200 level or
above; 2 courses in hist of art
Senior requirement Senior project (ART 495 and 496)
Substitution permitted Filmmaking concentration2 courses in film & media studies
for hist of art req
Unless otherwise indicated, spring-term classes in Art begin on Wednesday, January 20,
2016.
[ ART 001, Studies in Visual Biography ]
* ART 002b, Paper Elana Herzog
Paper as a material for making art. How paper is made; myriad ways that it is used in
the collections of Yale's galleries and libraries. Creation of paper objects to explore the
formal properties of sculpture, including volume, mass, line, and structure. Enrollment
RP
* ART 003a, Blue Jessica Helfand
The cultural and iconic history of the color blue and its role as both a method and a
motive for making work in the studio. The word "blue" and its etymological core,
evocative connotations, colloquial nuance, and semantic role in different languages
and cultures; scientific and sociological issues; blue in film and the fine arts. Projects
experiment with writing, collecting, collage, and digital video. Use of materials from
the Beinecke Library. Enrollment limited to 15 freshmen. Preregistration required; see
under Freshman Seminar Program. HU
Art
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* ART 004a, Words and Pictures Dushan Petrovich

Introduction to visual narration, the combination of words and pictures to tell a story.
Narrative point of view, counternarrative and counterculture, visual satire, personal
history, depictions of space and time, and strategies and politics of representation.
Sources include illuminated manuscripts, biblical paintings, picture-stories, comic
strips, and graphic novels. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required;
see under Freshman Seminar Program. HU RP
* ART 006a, Art of the Printed Word Richard Rose
Introduction to the art and historical development of letterpress printing and to
the evolution of private presses. Survey of hand printing; practical study of press
operations using antique platen presses and the cylinder proof press. Material qualities
of printed matter, connections between content and typographic form, and word/image
relationships. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under
Freshman Seminar Program. HU
* ART 110a or b, Sculpture Basics Staff
Introduction to the concepts of space, form, weight, mass, and design in sculpture.
Basic types and techniques of construction and material; concepts and approaches to
the understanding and development of sculptural ideas. Shops and studio are available
during days and evenings throughout the week. Materials fee: $75. Enrollment limited
to 12. Recommended to be taken before ART 120125. HU RP
* ART 111a or b, Visual Thinking Staff
An introduction to the language of visual expression, using studio projects to explore
the fundamental principles of visual art. Students acquire a working knowledge
of visual syntax applicable to the study of art history, popular culture, and art.
Projects address all four major concentrations (graphic design, printing/printmaking,
photography, and sculpture). Materials fee: $25. No prior drawing experience
necessary. Open to all undergraduates. Required for Art majors. HU RP
* ART 114a or b, Basic Drawing Staff
An introduction to drawing, emphasizing articulation of space and pictorial syntax.
Class work is based on observational study. Assigned projects address fundamental
technical and conceptual problems suggested by historical and recent artistic practice.
No prior drawing experience required. Materials fee: $25. Open to all undergraduates.
Required for Art majors. HU RP
* ART 116b, Color Practice Anna Betbeze
Study of the interactions of color, ranging from fundamental problem solving to
individually initiated expression. The collage process is used for most class assignments.
Materials fee: $75. HU RP
ART 120a, Introduction to Sculpture: Wood Julian Gilbert-Davis
Introduction to wood and woodworking technology through the use of hand tools
and woodworking machines. The construction of singular objects; strategies for
installing those objects in order to heighten the aesthetic properties of each work. How
an object works in space and how space works upon an object. Materials fee: $75.00.
Prerequisite: ART 110. HU
ART 121b, Introduction to Sculpture: Metal Brent Howard
Introduction to working with metal through examination of the framework of cultural
and architectural forms. Focus on the comprehensive application of construction in
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relation to concept. Instruction in welding and general metal fabrication. Ways in

which the meaning of work derives from materials and the form those materials take.
Materials fee: $75.00. Prerequisite: ART 110. HU
* ART 122a, Introduction to Sculpture: Video Sandra Burns
Ways in which digital tools can inform the production of three-dimensional objects.
Digital photography, including RAW photography, video, editing, basic lighting,
color correction, and inkjet printing. Introduction to basic woodworking and welding.
Digital processes as they intersect with a variety of materials and subjects. Materials fee:
$150. Enrollment limited to 12. HU RP
* ART 125a, Introduction to Sculpture: Mold Making Carolyn Salas
Instruction in the practical aspects of mold making and casting in a variety of materials
and techniques. Discussion of contemporary issues in art and culture, including the use
of traditional principles in sculpture in an age of mass production. Methods include
waste molds, piece molds, life casts, and flexible molds. Materials fee: $75. HU RP
* ART 130a, Painting Basics Dushan Petrovich
A broad formal introduction to basic painting issues, including the study of
composition, value, color, and pictorial space. Emphasis on observational study. Course
work introduces students to technical and historical issues central to the language of
painting. Materials fee: $75. Recommended for nonArt majors and for Art majors
outside the painting concentration. Students who intend to pursue the painting
concentration or take multiple courses in painting should take ART 230 and/or 231.
HU RP
* ART 132a or b, Introductory Graphic Design Staff
A studio introduction to visual communication, with emphasis on the visual
organization of design elements as a means to transmit meaning and values. Topics
include shape, color, visual hierarchy, word-image relationships, and typography.
Development of a verbal and visual vocabulary to discuss and critique the designed
world. Materials fee: $150. HU RP
* ART 136a or b, Introductory Black-and-White Photography Staff
An introductory course in black-and-white photography concentrating on the use
of 35mm cameras. Topics include the lensless techniques of photograms and pinhole
photography; fundamental printing procedures; and the principles of film exposure
and development. Assignments encourage the variety of picture-forms that 35mm
cameras can uniquely generate. Student work is discussed in regular critiques. Readings
examine the invention of photography and the flneur tradition of small-camera
photography as exemplified in the work of artists such as Henri Cartier-Bresson, Helen
Levitt, Robert Frank, and Garry Winogrand. Materials fee: $150. HU RP
* ART 138a or b, Digital Photography Staff
An introductory exploration of the transition of photographic processes and
techniques into digital formats. Students produce original work using a digital camera.
Introduction to a range of tools including color correction, layers, making selections,
and inkjet printing. Assignments include weekly critiques and a final project. Materials
fee: $150. HU RP
* ART 141a / FILM 161a, Introductory Film Writing and Directing Michael Roemer
Problems and aesthetics of film studied in practice as well as in theory. In addition
to exploring movement, image, montage, point of view, and narrative structure,
Art
155
students photograph and edit their own short videotapes. Emphasis on the writing and
production of short dramatic scenes. Materials fee: $150. Priority to majors in Art and
in Film & Media Studies. Prerequisite for majors in Film & Media Studies: FILM 150.
RP
* ART 142a or b / FILM 162a or b, Introductory Documentary Filmmaking Sandra
Luckow
The art and craft of documentary filmmaking. Basic technological and creative tools
for capturing and editing moving images. The processes of research, planning,
interviewing, writing, and gathering of visual elements to tell a compelling story with
integrity and responsibility toward the subject. The creation of nonfiction narratives.
Issues include creative discipline, ethical questions, space, the recreation of time, and
how to represent "the truth." Materials fee: $150. RP
* ART 145a or b, Introduction to Digital Video Sarah Lasley
Introduction to the basic tools of digital video production. DV camera operation,
sound, and Mac-based editing with Final Cut Pro software. Individual and collaborative
assignments explore the visual language and production challenges of DV. Emphasis
on the spatial and visual aspects of the medium rather than the narrative. Screenings
of experimental film, video art, and DV feature films. Materials fee: $150. Enrollment
limited to 12. RP
ART 185a, Principles of Animation Johannes DeYoung
The physics of movement in animated moving-image production. Focus on historical
and theoretical developments in animation of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries
as frameworks for the production of animated film and visual art. Classical animation
and digital stop-motion; fundamental principles of animation and their relation to
traditional and digital technologies. Materials fee: $150. RP
Intermediate Courses
[ ART 202, Feminist Theory and Feminist Art ]
[ ART 210, Sculpture as Object ]
* ART 223a and ART 224b, Figure Drawing William Villalongo
A study of the human figure, using a range of approaches. Emphasis on observation,
anatomy, and spatial structure. Historical examples from cave painting to contemporary
art. Materials fee: $75 per term. RP
ART 230a and ART 231b, Introductory Painting Staff
A rigorous introduction to form and content in painting, starting with structured
observational study and ending with student-directed projects. Emphasis on the
syntax of composition, color, and space in a wide range of historical and contemporary
painting, both representational and abstract. Materials fee: $75 per term. Prerequisite:
ART 114 or 130 or equivalent. RP
* ART 235a / THST 235a, Dance Theater Emily Coates
A practical and theoretical survey of dance theater history. Introduction to movement
vocabularies, physical techniques, and repertoire from post-1950 modern and
postmodern dance theater. Open to students of all levels and majors. HU
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* ART 237a, Intermediate Photography Lisa Kereszi

A class in black-and-white photography extending the concerns of ART 136.
Introduction to the use of medium-format cameras. Specialized topics include night
photography, the use of flash, developing roll film, basic digital scanning, and grayscale
printing techniques. Survey of the rich tradition of handheld photography and the
production of artists such as Lartigue, Brassa, Diane Arbus, Lee Friedlander, and
Robert Adams. Materials fee: $150. Prerequisite: ART 136 or equivalent. HU RP
* ART 264a, Typography in Graphic Design I Alice Chung
An intermediate graphic-design course in the fundamentals of typography, with
emphasis on ways in which typographic form and visual arrangement create and
support content. Focus on designing and making books, employing handwork, and
computer technology. Typographic history and theory discussed in relation to course
projects. Materials fee: $150. Prerequisite: ART 132. RP
* ART 265b, Typography in Graphic Design II Henk Van Assen
Continued studies in typography, incorporating more advanced and complex problems.
Exploration of grid structures, sequentiality, and typographic translation, particularly
in the design of contemporary books, and screen-based kinetic typography. Relevant
issues of design history and theory discussed in conjunction with studio assignments.
Materials fee: $150. Prerequisite: ART 264. RP
* ART 285b, Digital Animation Johannes DeYoung
Introduction to the principles, history, and practice of animation in visual art and
film. Historical and theoretical developments in twentieth- and twenty-first-century
animation used as a framework for making digital animation. Production focuses on
digital stop-motion and compositing, as well as 2-D and 3-D computer-generated
animation. Workshops in relevant software. Materials fee: $150. Prerequisites: ART 111,
114, or 145, and familiarity with Macintosh-based platforms. RP
* ART 301b, Critical Theory in the Studio Jeehye Kim
Key concepts in modern critical theory as they aid in the analysis of creative work in
the studio. Psychoanalysis, Marxism, feminism, structuralism, and poststructuralism
examined in relation to modern and contemporary movements in the visual arts,
including cubism, surrealism, Arte Povera, pop, minimalism, conceptual art,
performance art, the Pictures group, and the current relational aesthetics movement.
Materials fee: $25. HU RP
* ART 324b, Painting Materials and Methods Mark Aronson
An introduction to historical materials and methods of painting. Students examine
masterworks in the Yale Art Gallery and the Center for British Art, and explore
observed techniques in their own painting. Techniques include quick-drying indirect
tempera, slow-drying and layered oil painting, and the modernist direct application of
paint; supports include wood, canvas, paper, and metal. Materials fee $75. Prerequisite:
ART 114 or 130 or permission of instructor. RP
* ART 331b, Intermediate Painting William Villalongo
Further exploration of concepts and techniques in painting, emphasizing the
individuation of students' pictorial language. Various approaches to representational
and abstract painting. Studio work is complemented by in-depth discussion of issues in
historical and contemporary painting. Materials fee: $150 per term. Prerequisite: ART
230 or 231. RP
Art
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ART 332a, Painting Time Samuel Messer

Painting techniques paired with conceptual ideas that explore how painting holds
time both metaphorically and within the process of creating a work. Use of different
Yale locations as subjects for observational on-site paintings. Materials fee: $75.
Prerequisite: ART 130, 230, or 231, or with permission of instructor. HU RP
ART 338a, Intermediate Digital Photography Curran Hatleberg
Exploration of both the technical and conceptual aspects of digital photography. Range
of tools includes advanced film scanning, working with RAW files, masks, compositing
and grayscale, and color inkjet printing. Students produce original work, with special
attention to ways in which their technical decisions can clarify their artistic intentions.
Materials fee: $150. Prerequisite: ART 138. RP
ART 341a or b / FILM 355a or b, Intermediate Film Writing and Directing Staff
In the first half of the term, students write three-scene short films and learn the tools
and techniques of staging, lighting, and capturing and editing the dramatic scene.
In the second half of the term, students work collaboratively to produce their films.
Focus on using the tools of cinema to tell meaningful dramatic stories. Materials fee:
$150. Enrollment limited to 8. Priority to majors in Art and in Film & Media Studies.
Prerequisites: ART 141 or 142, and FILM 150. RP
ART 342b / FILM 356b, Intermediate Documentary Filmmaking Sandra Luckow
Students explore the storytelling potential of the film medium by making documentary
art. The class concentrates on finding and capturing intriguing, complex scenarios in
the world and then adapting them to the film form. Questions of truth, objectivity,
style, and the filmmaker's ethics are considered using examples of students' work.
Exercises in storytelling principles. Materials fee: $150. Limited enrollment. Priority to
majors in Art and in Film & Media Studies. Prerequisites: ART 141 or 142, and FILM
150. HU RP
ART 345a, Material Form and Fabrication Brent Howard
Further investigation into the history of sculpture and questions pertinent to
contemporary art. Exploration of new techniques and materials along with refinement
of familiar skills. Focus on helping students become self-directed in their work.
Individual and group discussion and visits to museums and galleries. Materials fee: $75
per term. Enrollment limited to 12. Prerequisite: ART 120, 121, or 122, or equivalent; or
with permission of instructor. RP
ART 346b, Dematerial/Material Julian Gilbert-Davis
Further investigation into the history of sculpture and questions pertinent to
contemporary art. Exploration of new techniques and materials along with refinement
of familiar skills. Focus on helping students become self-directed in their work.
Individual and group discussion and visits to museums and galleries. Materials fee: $75
per term. Enrollment limited to 12. Prerequisite: ART 120, 121, 122, or equivalent; or
with permission of instructor. RP
[ ART 348, Body, Space, and Time ]
[ ART 355, Silkscreen Printing ]
ART 356a, Printmaking I Staff
An introduction to intaglio (dry point and etching), relief (woodcut), and screen
printing (stencil), as well as to the digital equivalents of each technique, including
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photo screen printing, laser etching, and CNC milling. How the analog and digital
techniques inform the outcome of the printed image, and ways in which they can be
combined to create more complex narratives. Materials fee: $150. Prerequisite: ART 114
or equivalent. RP
[ ART 359, Lithography ]
* ART 368a, Intermediate Graphic Design I Pamela Hovland
Various ways that design functions; how visual communication takes form and is
recognized by an audience. Core issues inherent in design: word and image, structure,
and sequence. Analysis and refinement of an individual design methodology. Attention
to systematic procedures, techniques, and modes of inquiry that lead to a particular
result. Materials fee: $150. Prerequisites: ART 132 and 264, or permission of instructor.
RP
* ART 369b, Interactive Design Laurel Schwulst
Interactive design explored through the development of projects that are based on line.
Concepts of prompt, feedback, and variable conditions; Web-specific design issues
such as navigation and pacing, as well as design for variable sizes and devices; best
practices in code craft and design. The Web as a social ecosystem in which time and
performance play important roles. Instruction in HTML, CSS, and some Javascript. No
prior programming experience required. Materials fee: $150. Prerequisite: ART 132 or
permission of instructor. RP
ART 370a, Motion Design Christopher Pullman
A studio class that explores how the graphic designer's conventions of print typography
and the dynamics of word-image relationship change with the introduction of time,
motion, and sound. Projects focus on the controlled interaction of words and images
to express an idea or tell a story. The extra dimensions of time-based communications;
choreography of aural and visual images through selection, editing, and juxtaposition.
Materials fee: $150. Prerequisite: ART 265; ART 368 recommended. RP
ART 371b / MUSI 370b, Sound Art Brian Kane
Introduction to sound art, a contemporary artistic practice that uses sound and
listening as mediums, often creating psychological or physiological reactions as part
of the finished artwork. The history of sound art in relation to the larger history of
art and music; theoretical underpinnings and practical production; central debates
and problems in contemporary sound art. Includes creation and in-class critique of
experimental works. Materials fee: $25. HU
* ART 379b, Photographic Techniques Benjamin Donaldson
An opportunity for experienced photography students to become involved with the
technical aspects of the medium. Concentrated study of view camera operations;
techniques in added lighting and advanced printing; scanning and printing of
negatives; discussion of historic photographic traditions. Student work is discussed
in regular critiques. Previous digital training may be employed, but focus is primarily
analog. Materials fee: $150. Prerequisite: ART 237 or permission of instructor. RP
* ART 395a, Junior Seminar Jonathan Weinberg
Ongoing visual projects addressed in relation to historical and contemporary issues.
Readings, slide presentations, critiques by School of Art faculty, and gallery and
Art
159
museum visits. Critiques address all four areas of study in the Art major. Prerequisite:
at least four courses in Art. RP
Advanced Courses
* ART 401b, Advanced Photography Lisa Kereszi
An exploration of the practice of photography, either analog or digital. Student work
is discussed in regular critiques, and lectures are framed around the aesthetic concerns
that the work provokes. Materials fee: $150. Prerequisites: ART 379 and, for those
working digitally, ART 138. Required for Art majors concentrating in photography. RP
[ ART 430, Advanced Painting Studio ]
* ART 442a and ART 443b / FILM 483a and FILM 484b, Advanced Film Writing and
Directing Jonathan Andrews
A yearlong workshop designed primarily for majors in Art and in Film & Media Studies
making senior projects. Each student writes and directs a short fiction film. The first
term focuses on the screenplay, production schedule, storyboards, casting, budget,
and locations. In the second term students rehearse, shoot, edit, and screen the film.
Materials fee: $150. Enrollment limited to 8. Priority to majors in Art and in Film &
Media Studies. Prerequisite: ART 341.
ART 446b, Advanced Sculpture Martin Kersels
Self-directed work in sculpture. Group discussion of student projects, with readings,
slides, and videos that address current art practices. Regular individual and group
critiques. Materials fee: $75 per term. Enrollment limited to 12. Prerequisite: ART 345
or 346 or equivalent, or permission of instructor. RP
* ART 457b, Printmaking II Staff
An in-depth examination of planographic techniques, including screen printing,
lithography, and digital pigment printing. Relationships to more dimensional forms
of printing such as collography, embossment, vacuum bag molding, and 3D printing.
Creation of editions as well as unique objects, focusing on both individual techniques
and creating hybrid forms. Materials fee: $150. Recommended for Art majors to be
taken concurrently with ART 324 or 433. Prerequisite: at least one term of printmaking.
RP
ART 468a and ART 469b, Advanced Graphic Design Staff
A probe into questions such as how an artist can be present as an idiosyncratic
individual in his or her work, and how that work can still communicate on its own to
a broad audience. Concentration on making graffiti, i.e., the design of a set of outdoor
marks and tours for New Haven. A technological component is included, both in
the metaphor of designing outdoor interaction as a way to learn about screen-based
interaction and in the final project to design an interface for a handheld computer.
Materials fee: $150 per term. Prerequisites: ART 264 or 265, and 367 or 368, or
permission of instructor. RP
* ART 471a and ART 472b, Independent Projects Staff
Independent work that would not ordinarily be accomplished within existing courses,
designed by the student in conjunction with a School of Art faculty member. A course
proposal must be submitted on the appropriate form for approval by the director
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of undergraduate studies and the faculty adviser. Expectations of the course include
regular meetings, end-of-term critiques, and a graded evaluation. RP
* ART 495a or b, Senior Project Staff
A project of creative work formulated and executed by the student under the
supervision of an adviser designated in accordance with the direction of the student's
interest. Proposals for senior projects are submitted on the appropriate form to the
School of Art Undergraduate Studies Committee (USC) for review and approval at the
end of the term preceding the last resident term. Projects are reviewed and graded by
an interdisciplinary faculty committee made up of members of the School of Art faculty.
An exhibition of selected work done in the project is expected of each student. RP
Astronomy
Director of undergraduate studies: Priyamvada Natarajan, 272 JWG, 432-4833,
astro.dus@yale.edu; www.astro.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY

Professors Charles Bailyn, Charles Baltay, Sarbani Basu, Paolo Coppi, Pierre
Demarque (Emeritus), Debra Fischer, Marla Geha, Jeffrey Kenney, Richard Larson
(Emeritus), Priyamvada Natarajan, C. Megan Urry, William van Altena (Emeritus),
Pieter van Dokkum (Chair), Robert Zinn
Associate Professors Hector Arce, Daisuke Nagai, Nikhil Padmanabhan, Frank van
den Bosch
Lecturers Louise Edwards, Michael Faison
Astronomy is a quantitative physical science that applies physics, mathematics,
and statistical analysis to observing, describing, and modeling the universe. The
undergraduate courses and degree programs offered by the Department of Astronomy
train students in research techniques and quantitative reasoning and develop creative
problem solvers. Students who complete the major continue on to top-tier graduate
programs in astrophysics or related science fields, and they are sought after by
employers in a range of fields from health care management to the banking and
investment industry. The department offers a B.A. degree in Astronomy and a B.S.
degree in Astrophysics.
Introductory courses with no prerequisites The department offers a variety of courses
without prerequisites that provide an introduction to astronomy with particular
attention to recent discoveries and theories. Courses numbered below 150 are intended
for students who desire a broad, nontechnical introduction to astronomy. These courses
fulfill the science distributional requirement, and some also fulfill the quantitative
reasoning distributional requirement.
Courses with numbers between 150 and 199 are topical rather than survey courses.
Most of these offerings fulfill both the science and the quantitative reasoning
requirements. ASTR 155 is a laboratory course that provides a hands-on introduction to
astronomical observing. ASTR 160 and 170 provide an introduction to frontier topics in
modern astrophysics and cosmology.
Astronomy
161
Introductory courses with high school calculus and physics prerequisites Students
who have taken calculus and physics in high school may enroll in quantitative
introductory courses. ASTR 210 and 220 focus on fundamental measurements and tools
used in astronomy and include an in-depth study of stellar astrophysics (ASTR 210)
or galaxies and cosmology (ASTR 220). These courses overlap in content, so students
should take either ASTR 210 or 220 but not both. ASTR 255 provides training in data
analysis and research techniques, including computer programming and numerical and
statistical analysis.
Advanced electives Courses numbered 300 and above are more specialized and
intensive. The prerequisites for these courses include ASTR 210 or 220, multivariable
calculus, and two terms of introductory college physics.
Graduate courses in astronomy are open to qualified undergraduates who already have
a strong preparation in mathematics, physics, and astronomy. Students wishing to take
a graduate course must first obtain the permission of the instructor and of the director
of graduate studies.
Requirements of the major for the Class of 2016 Students in the Class of 2016 may
fulfill the requirements of the major in Astronomy that were in place when they entered
the major, as described in previous editions of this bulletin (http://www.yale.edu/
printer/bulletin/archivepdffiles/YCPS). Alternatively, they may fulfill the requirements
of the major as described below for the Class of 2017 and subsequent classes.
Requirements of the B.A. degree program for the Class of 2017 and subsequent
classes The B.A. degree program in Astronomy is designed for students who do not
plan to continue in a graduate program in astronomy, but who are interested in the
subject as a basis for a liberal arts education or as a physical science background to
careers such as medicine, teaching, journalism, business, law, or government. It allows
greater flexibility in course selection than the B.S. program because the emphasis is on
breadth of knowledge rather than on specialization.
The prerequisites for the B.A. program are PHYS 170 and 171, or 180 and 181, or 200
and 201, and MATH 112 and 115. Ten courses are required beyond these prerequisites,
including either ASTR 210 or 220, ASTR 255, 310, one additional Astronomy elective
numbered 150 or above, and the senior requirement (ASTR 492). Two of the ten
courses must be advanced courses in mathematics, such as MATH 120 or ENAS 151,
or courses in mathematical methods, including statistics or computer science, such
as CPSC 112, MATH 200 or above, or ASTR 356. Three electives can be drawn
from any of the natural, applied, or mathematical sciences (including additional
astronomy courses); at least two of these must be advanced enough to have collegelevel prerequisites. The senior requirement consists of a senior essay or independent
research project carried out for one term in ASTR 492 under the supervision of a faculty
member.
Before entering the junior year, students should consult the director of undergraduate
studies.
Requirements of the B.S. degree program for the Class of 2017 and subsequent
classes The B.S. degree program in Astrophysics is designed to provide a strong
162
foundation in astrophysics for students interested in graduate study or a career in

astronomy, physics, or a related science.
Prerequisites for the B.S. degree include an introductory physics sequence (PHYS 180
and 181, or 200 and 201, or 260 and 261); a physics laboratory sequence (PHYS 165L
and 166L, or 205L and 206L); and the mathematics sequence MATH 112, 115, and
either MATH 120 or ENAS 151. ASTR 155 may be substituted for one term of the
physics laboratory sequence. All prerequisites should be completed by the end of the
sophomore year.
Beyond the prerequisites, twelve term courses are required in astronomy, physics,
and mathematics. Students complete at least six courses in astronomy, including
either ASTR 210 or 220, 255, 310, 320, and a two-term senior project (ASTR 490 and
491). Students also complete three Physics courses numbered 400 or above, normally
PHYS 401, 402, and 439. In addition, majors choose either one additional 400-level
course in Physics or an Astronomy elective numbered 300 or higher. In mathematics,
students complete a course in differential equations selected from MATH 246,
PHYS 301, or ENAS 194, and either an additional mathematics course numbered 200 or
above or a course in statistics or computing such as CPSC 112, 201, or ASTR 356. The
senior requirement consists of an independent research project in astronomy carried out
for two terms in ASTR 490 and 491 under the supervision of a faculty member.
Before entering the junior year, students must obtain approval of a course of study from
the director of undergraduate studies.

ASTRONOMY, B.A.
Prerequisites PHYS 170, 171, or 180, 181, or 200, 201; MATH 112, 115
Number of courses 10 courses beyond prereqs, incl senior req
Specific courses required ASTR 210 or 220; ASTR 255, 310
Distribution of courses 1 astronomy elective numbered 150 or above; 2 advanced math
courses; 3 science electives (may include addtl astronomy courses), at least 2 with
college-level prereqs
Senior requirement Senior essay or senior research project (ASTR 492)
ASTROPHYSICS, B.S.
Prerequisites PHYS 180, 181, or 200, 201, or 260, 261; PHYS 165L, 166L, or 205L,
206L; MATH 112, 115; MATH 120 or ENAS 151
Number of courses 12 courses beyond prereqs, incl senior req
Specific courses required ASTR 210 or 220; ASTR 255, 310, 320
Distribution of courses 3 courses in physics numbered 400 or above; 1 addtl upperlevel course in astronomy or physics; 2 courses in math or mathematical methods,
as specified
Substitution permitted ASTR 155 for 1 term of physics lab prereq
Senior requirement Senior independent research project (ASTR 490 and 491)
Astronomy
163
Courses
* ASTR 030a, Search for Extraterrestrial Life Michael Faison
Introduction to the search for extraterrestrial life. Review of current knowledge on
the origins and evolution of life on Earth; applications to the search for life elsewhere
in the universe. Discussion of what makes a planet habitable, how common these
worlds are in the universe, and how we might search for them. Survey of past, current,
and future searches for extraterrestrial intelligence. Enrollment limited to freshmen.
Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. WR, SC
* ASTR 040b, Expanding Ideas of Time and Space Louise Edwards
Discussions on the nature of time and space. Topics include the shape and contents
of the universe, special and general relativity, dark and light matter, and dark energy.
Observations and ideas fundamental to astronomers' current model of an expanding
and accelerating four-dimensional universe. Enrollment limited to freshmen.
Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. SC
[ ASTR 110, Planets and Stars ]
ASTR 120b, Galaxies and the Universe Robert Zinn
An introduction to stars and stellar evolution; the structure and evolution of the Milky
Way galaxy and other galaxies; quasars, active galactic nuclei, and supermassive black
holes; cosmology and the expanding universe. No prerequisite other than a working
knowledge of elementary algebra. QR, SC
ASTR 130a, Origins and the Search for Life in the Universe Debra Fischer
Origins of the universe, stars, and planets; evolution of conditions that were conducive
to the emergence of life on Earth; leading theories for the origin of life; the discovery
of exoplanets; comparison of Earth's solar system with other systems that have been
discovered; the possibility of habitable conditions where life might have arisen on other
worlds; methods of searching for life elsewhere. No prerequisite other than a working
knowledge of elementary algebra. SC
ASTR 135b, Archaeoastronomy Michael Faison
An introduction to how celestial patterns and events were observed and interpreted
up to the Copernican revolution. Ancient observatories, calendar systems, records of
astronomical events, and the role of astronomical knowledge in culture. Exercises in
naked-eye observation of the sky. No prerequisites. SC
ASTR 155a, Introduction to Astronomical Observing Michael Faison
A hands-on introduction to the techniques of astronomical observing. Observations of
planets, stars, and galaxies using on-campus facilities and remote observing with Yale's
research telescopes. Use of electronic detectors and computer-aided data processing.
Evening laboratory hours required. One previous college-level science laboratory or
astronomy course recommended. QR, SC Course cr
ASTR 160b, Frontiers and Controversies in Astrophysics Louise Edwards
A detailed study of three fundamental areas in astrophysics that are currently subjects
of intense research and debate: planetary systems around stars other than the sun;
pulsars, black holes, and the relativistic effects associated with them; and the age and
ultimate fate of the universe. No prerequisite other than a working knowledge of
elementary algebra. QR, SC
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ASTR 170a, Introduction to Cosmology Louise Edwards

An introduction to modern cosmological theories and observations. Topics include
aspects of special and general relativity; curved space-time; the Big Bang; inflation;
primordial element synthesis; the cosmic microwave background; the formation of
galaxies; and large-scale structure. Prerequisite: a strong background in high school
mathematics and physics. QR, SC
ASTR 210b, Stars and Their Evolution Sarbani Basu
Foundations of astrophysics, focusing on an intensive introduction to stars. Nuclear
processes and element production, stellar evolution, stellar deaths and supernova
explosions, and stellar remnants including white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes.
A close look at our nearest star, the sun. How extrasolar planets are studied; the results
of such studies. Prerequisite: a strong background in high school calculus and physics.
May not be taken after ASTR 220. QR, SC
ASTR 220a, Galaxies and Cosmology Louise Edwards
An intensive introduction to extragalactic astronomy. The structure and contents of
galaxies, evolution of galaxies, observational cosmology, and the history of the universe.
Students observe a deep-sky object with campus telescopes. Prerequisite: a strong
background in high school calculus and physics. May not be taken after ASTR 210.
QR, SC
* ASTR 255a / PHYS 295a, Research Methods in Astrophysics Hector Arce
The acquisition and analysis of astrophysical data, including the design and use
of ground- and space-based telescopes, computational manipulation of digitized
images and spectra, and confrontation of data with theoretical models. Examples
taken from current research at Yale and elsewhere. Use of the Python programming
language. Includes an optional field trip during October recess to the Arecibo 300meter radio telescope. A background in high school calculus and physics. No previous
programming experience required. QR, SC RP
ASTR 310b, Galactic and Extragalactic Astronomy Jeffrey Kenney
Stellar populations and the structure of the Milky Way galaxy; the structure and
evolution of external galaxies; the distribution of galaxies in the universe; galaxy
interactions and active galactic nuclei. Prerequisites: MATH 115, PHYS 201, and ASTR
210 or 220, or equivalents, or with permission of instructor. QR, SC
ASTR 320a, Physical Processes in Astronomy Franciscus van den Bosch
Introduction to the physics required for understanding current astronomical problems.
Topics include basic equations of stellar structure, stellar and cosmic nucleosynthesis,
radiative transfer, gas dynamics, and stellar dynamics. Numerical methods for solving
these equations. Prerequisites: MATH 120 and PHYS 201 or equivalents, or permission
of instructor. Previous experience with computer programming recommended. Taught
in alternate years. QR, SC
ASTR 343b / PHYS 343b, Gravity, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Priyamvada
Natarajan
In-depth discussion of the physics underlying several recent discoveries in astrophysics
and cosmology, including extrasolar planets, black holes, and the accelerating universe.
Prerequisite: PHYS 170, 171, or 180, 181, or 200, 201, or 260, 261, or permission of
instructor. QR, SC
Astronomy
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[ ASTR 355, Observational Astronomy ]

* ASTR 356b / PHYS 356b, Astrostatistics and Data Mining Hector Arce
Introduction to the statistical tools used to analyze and interpret astrophysical data,
including common data mining techniques for finding patterns in large data sets and
data-based prediction methods. Use of publicly available high-quality astronomical
data from large surveys such as SDSS and 2MASS, and from space-based observatories
such as Spitzer, Herschel, and WISE. Coding with the Python programming language.
Prerequisite: ASTR 255 or equivalent.
[ ASTR 360, Interstellar Matter and Star Formation ]
* ASTR 375b, Exoplanets Debra Fischer
Planet formation, exoplanet detection techniques, and the modeling of observations
of exoplanet atmospheres. Solar system architecture compared with other planetary
systems. From an Earth-centric perspective, habitability factors of rocky planets and the
implications for life elsewhere. Prerequisites: MATH 120 and PHYS 201 or equivalents,
and one astronomy course numbered above 200. QR, SC
ASTR 380a, Stellar Populations Robert Zinn
The stellar populations of our galaxy and galaxies of the Local Group. Topics include
the properties of stars and star clusters, stellar evolution, and the structure and
evolution of our galaxy. Prerequisites: PHYS 201 and MATH 120, and one astronomy
course numbered above 200. Taught in alternate years. QR, SC RP
[ ASTR 385, Introduction to Radio Astronomy ]
ASTR 418b, Stellar Dynamics Marla Geha
The dynamics and evolution of star clusters; structure and dynamics of our galaxy;
theories of spiral structure; dynamical evolution of galaxies. Prerequisites: PHYS 201
and MATH 246 or equivalents; ASTR 310. Taught in alternate years. QR, SC RP
[ ASTR 420, Computational Methods for Astrophysics ]
ASTR 430a, Galaxies Jeffrey Kenney
A survey of the contents, structure, kinematics, dynamics, and evolution of galaxies;
galaxy interactions and the environments of galaxies; properties of active galactic
nuclei. Prerequisites: PHYS 201 and MATH 120, and one astronomy course numbered
above 200. Taught in alternate years. QR, SC RP
[ ASTR 450, Stellar Astrophysics ]
ASTR 465b, The Evolving Universe Pieter Van Dokkum
Overview of cosmic history from the formation of the first star to the present day,
focusing on direct observations of the high-redshift universe. Prerequisites: MATH 120,
PHYS 201, and one astronomy course numbered above 200. Taught in alternate years.
QR, SC RP
* ASTR 471a and ASTR 472b, Independent Project in Astronomy Priyamvada
Natarajan
Independent project supervised by a member of the department with whom the student
meets regularly. The project must be approved by the instructor and by the director of
undergraduate studies; the student is required to submit a complete written report on
the project at the end of the term.
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* ASTR 490a and ASTR 491b, The Two-Term Senior Project Priyamvada Natarajan
A two-term independent research project to fulfill the senior requirement for the B.S.
degree. The project must be supervised by a member of the department and approved
by the director of undergraduate studies.
* ASTR 492a or b, The One-Term Senior Project Priyamvada Natarajan
A one-term independent research project or essay to fulfill the senior requirement for
the B.A. degree. The project must be supervised by a member of the department and
approved by the director of undergraduate studies.
Biology
Yale offers three different biological sciences majors: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
(EEB), Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (MB&B), and Molecular, Cellular, and
Developmental Biology (MCDB). The distinctions between these majors reflect the
types of biological systems analysis each represents: the analysis of whole organisms,
populations, and ecosystems (EEB); use of the tools of chemistry and physics to study
life at the molecular level (MB&B); and molecular, cellular, and developmental biology,
genetics, and neurobiology (MCDB). These approaches cover the vast breadth of
disciplines in the biological sciences.
The courses BIOL 101104 are designed as entry points to all three programs in the
biological sciences. The prerequisites for the three majors are similar, so students need
not commit to a specific major in the freshman year.
For information on the major requirements, course offerings, and departmental faculty
of the biological sciences programs, see under Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
(p. 241), Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry (p. 501), and Molecular,
Cellular, and Developmental Biology (p. 507).
Courses
BIOL 101a or b, Biochemistry and Biophysics Staff
Introduction to the study of life at the molecular level. Topics include the threedimensional structures and function of large biological molecules, the human genome,
and the design of antiviral drugs to treat HIV/AIDS. The first of four modules in
a yearlong introductory biology sequence; meets for the first half of the term. SC
Course cr
BIOL 102a or b, Principles of Cell Biology and Membrane Physiology Staff
Introduction to the study of cell biology and membrane physiology. Topics include
organization and functional properties of biological membranes, membrane physiology
and signaling, rough endoplasmic reticulum and synthesis of membrane/secretory
membrane proteins, endocytosis, the cytoskeleton, and cell division. The second of four
modules in a yearlong introductory biology sequence; meets for the second half of the
term. SC Course cr
* BIOL 103a or b, Genes and Development Staff
Introduction to genes, genetics, and developmental biology. How genes control
development and disease; Mendel's rules; examples of organ physiology. The third of
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four modules in a yearlong introductory biology sequence; meets for the first half of the
term. SC Course cr
BIOL 104a or b, Principles of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Staff
Introduction to evolutionary biology, animal behavior, and the history of life.
Evolutionary transitions and natural selection. Adaptation at genic, chromosomal,
cellular, organismal, and supra-organismal levels. Distributional and social
consequences of particular suites of organismal adaptations. The fourth of four
modules in a yearlong introductory biology sequence; meets for the second half of the
term. SC Course cr
Director of undergraduate studies: James Duncan, N309 D TAC, 785-2427, 313 MEC,
432-9917, james.duncan@yale.edu; seas.yale.edu/departments/biomedical-engineering
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

Professors Richard Carson, Nicholas Christakis, James Duncan, Jay Humphrey,
Fahmeed Hyder, Andre Levchenko, Laura Niklason, Douglas Rothman, Mark
Saltzman, Martin Schwartz, Frederick Sigworth, Brian Smith, Hemant Tagare,
Paul Van Tassel, Steven Zucker
Associate Professors Robin de Graaf, Tarek Fahmy, Themis Kyriakides, Evan
Morris, Xenophon Papademetris, Lawrence Staib, Corey Wilson
Assistant Professors Joerg Bewersdorf, Stuart Campbell, Michael Choma, Rong
Fan, Anjelica Gonzalez, Chi Liu, Kathryn Miller-Jensen, Michael Murrell, Steven
Tommasini, Jiangbing Zhou
Lecturers Liqiong Gui, Jing Zhou
Engineering methods and strategies are used to address biomedical problems ranging
from studies of physiological function using images to the development of artificial
organs and new biomaterials. The major in Biomedical Engineering is designed to
provide students with an understanding of common fundamental methodologies and
the ability to develop quantitative approaches to one of three biomedical engineering
fields.
The flexible course structure of the major permits students to bridge basic concepts
in the life sciences and traditional areas of engineering, while also gaining a
comprehensive understanding of biomedical engineering as a field of study.
Prerequisites The following prerequisites are common to all tracks in the major:
BIOL 101 and 102 (or a higher-level course in MCDB or MB&B, with permission of the
director of undergraduate studies); a lecture course in chemistry numbered CHEM 161
or higher (or CHEM 112 or higher); ENAS 194; MATH 115; MATH 120 or ENAS 151;
PHYS 180, 181, 205L, and 206L (or 165L and 166L, with permission of the director of
undergraduate studies).
Requirements of the major The B.S. degree program in Biomedical Engineering offers
three tracks: bioimaging, biomechanics, and molecular engineering.
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During the freshman year, students study basic mathematics, chemistry, and biology.
By the end of the sophomore year, they have taken physics, ENAS 194, Ordinary
and Partial Differential Equations with Applications, BENG 249, Introduction to
Biomedical Computation, and BENG 350, Physiological Systems. In the junior year,
students gain a comprehensive grounding in the field through BENG 351, Biotransport
and Kinetics, BENG 352, Biomedical Signals and Images, BENG 353, Introduction
to Biomechanics, BENG 355L, Physiological Systems Laboratory, and BENG 356L,
Biomedical Engineering Laboratory. During the junior and senior years students also
acquire depth by taking electives in one of the three areas of concentration. A senior
seminar and a senior project give students practical, detailed information about their
chosen area of concentration.
Students must complete twelve term courses, totaling at least eleven course credits,
beyond the prerequisites, including at least three required courses in the chosen track,
two terms of a biomedical engineering laboratory (BENG 355L, 356L), and the twoterm senior requirement.
Students in all tracks are required to take the following seven term courses: BENG 249,
350, 351, 352, 353, 355L, and 356L. Students in the Bioimaging track must also take three
courses chosen from EENG 310, BENG 410, 421, 436, 445, 475, 476, or 485. Students
in the Biomechanics track must also take three courses chosen from MENG 185, 280,
361, BENG 410, 434, 453, 455, 456, 457, or 458. Students in the Molecular Engineering
track must also take three courses chosen from BENG 410, 434, 435, 464, 465, 467, or
MENG 361. One relevant course may be substituted with the permission of the director
of undergraduate studies. By the end of senior year, two term courses in the life sciences
must have been included among the prerequisite and required courses for the major.
Senior requirement In their senior year, all students must complete a one-term senior
project in their final term of enrollment (BENG 471 or 472) and the senior seminar
(BENG 480).
Credit/D/Fail No course taken Credit/D/Fail may count toward the major, including
prerequisites.
Preparation for graduate study The Biomedical Engineering curriculum is excellent
preparation for graduate study in engineering, science, and medicine. In some cases,
organic chemistry and/or certain biology courses may be substituted for one course in
the major after consultation with the director of undergraduate studies.

Prerequisites BIOL 101 and 102, or higher-level course in MCDB or MB&B with
DUS permission; 1 lecture course in chemistry numbered CHEM 161 or higher (or
CHEM 112 or higher); ENAS 194; MATH 115; MATH 120 or ENAS 151; PHYS 180,
181, and 205L, 206L (or 165L, 166L with DUS permission)
Number of courses 12 term courses, totaling at least 11 course credits, beyond prereqs
(incl senior req)
Specific courses required All tracksBENG 249, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355L, 356L;
Bioimaging track3 from EENG 310, BENG 410, 421, 436, 445, 475, 476, or 485;
Biomechanics track3 from MENG 185, 280, 361, BENG 410, 434, 453, 455, 456,
457, or 458; Molecular engineering track3 from BENG 410, 434, 435, 464, 465, 467,
MENG 361.
169
Distribution of courses 2 term courses in life sciences among prereq and req courses
Substitution permitted Relevant course with DUS permission
Senior requirement Senior project in final term (BENG 471 or 472) and senior sem
(BENG 480)
Courses
BENG 100b, Frontiers of Biomedical Engineering Staff
The basic concepts of biomedical engineering and their connection with the spectrum
of human activity. Introduction to the fundamental science and engineering on
which biomedical engineering is based. Topics include genetic engineering, cell
culture engineering, vaccines, drug discovery and delivery, cardiovascular physiology,
biomechanics, and biomedical imaging. Designed for science and nonscience majors.
SC
BENG 249b, Introduction to Biomedical Computation Richard Carson
Computational and mathematical tools used in biomedical engineering for the
simulation of biological systems and the analysis of biomedical data. Basics of
computational programming in MATLAB; applications to modeling, design, and
statistical and data analysis. Prerequisite: MATH 120 or ENAS 151. QR
BENG 251b / HLTH 251b, Biological and Physiological Determinants of Health Mark
Saltzman
Overview of the biological and physiological functions that lead to a state of health
in an individual and in a population. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of health
explored in the context of major sources of global disease burden. Key physiological
systems that contribute to health, including the endocrine, reproductive, cardiovascular,
and respiratory systems. The development of technologies that enhance health
and of those that harm it. Prerequisite: a college-level biology course or equivalent
preparation. Does not fulfill premedical requirements. SC
* BENG 350a / MCDB 310a, Physiological Systems Mark Saltzman, Elizabeth Holt,
Emile Boulpaep, Peter Aronson, and David Zenisek
Regulation and control in biological systems, emphasizing human physiology and
principles of feedback. Biomechanical properties of tissues emphasizing the structural
basis of physiological control. Conversion of chemical energy into work in light of
metabolic control and temperature regulation. Prerequisites: CHEM 165 or 167 (or
CHEM 113 or 115), or PHYS 180 and 181; MCDB 120, or BIOL 101 and 102. SC
BENG 351a / CENG 351a, Biotransport and Kinetics Kathryn Miller-Jensen
Creation and critical analysis of models of biological transport and reaction processes.
Topics include mass and heat transport, biochemical interactions and reactions,
and thermodynamics. Examples from diverse applications, including drug delivery,
biomedical imaging, and tissue engineering. Prerequisites: MATH 115, ENAS 194;
BIOL 101 and 102; CHEM 161, 163, or 167; BENG 249. QR
BENG 352b, Biomedical Signals and Images James Duncan
Principles and methods used to represent, model, and process signals and images
arising from biomedical sources. Topics include continuous and discrete linear systems
analysis, Fourier analysis and frequency response, metrics for signal similarity, and
noise filtering. Biomedical examples range from one-dimensional electrical signals
170
in nerves and muscles to two-dimensional images of organs and cells. Prerequisite:

MATH 120 or ENAS 151. BENG 249, 350, and ENAS 194 strongly recommended. QR
BENG 353b, Introduction to Biomechanics Jay Humphrey
An introduction to the biomechanics used in biosolid mechanics, biofluid mechanics,
biothermomechanics, and biochemomechanics. Diverse aspects of biomedical
engineering, from basic mechanobiology to the design of novel biomaterials, medical
devices, and surgical interventions. Prerequisites: PHYS 180, 181, MATH 115, and
ENAS 194. QR
* BENG 355La, Physiological Systems Laboratory Staff
Introduction to laboratory techniques and tools used in biomedical engineering for
physiological measurement. Topics include bioelectric measurement, signal processing,
and dialysis. Enrollment limited to majors in Biomedical Engineering, except by
permission of the director of undergraduate studies. SC Course cr
* BENG 356Lb, Biomedical Engineering Laboratory Tarek Fahmy
Continuation of BENG 355L, introducing laboratory techniques and tools used in
biomedical engineering. Topics include image processing, ultrasound, and microscopy.
Enrollment limited. SC Course cr
BENG 404a / MENG 404a, Medical Device Design and Innovation Joseph Zinter
The engineering design, project planning, prototype creation, and fabrication processes
for medical devices that improve patient conditions, experiences, and outcomes.
Students develop viable solutions and professional-level working prototypes to address
clinical needs identified by practicing physicians. Some attention to topics such as
intellectual property, the history of medical devices, documentation and reporting, and
regulatory affairs.
* BENG 405b / EVST 415b, Biotechnology and the Developing World Anjelica
Gonzalez
Study of technological advances that have global health applications. Ways in which
biotechnology has enhanced quality of life in the developing world. The challenges
of implementing relevant technologies in resource-limited environments, including
technical, practical, social, and ethical aspects. Prerequisite: MCDB 120, or BIOL 101
and 102.
* BENG 410a, Physical and Chemical Basis of Bioimaging and Biosensing Douglas
Rothman, Frederick Sigworth, Fahmeed Hyder, and Richard Carson
Basic principles and technologies for sensing the chemical, electrical, and structural
properties of living tissues and of biological macromolecules. Topics include magnetic
resonance spectroscopy, microelectrodes, fluorescent probes, chip-based biosensors, Xray and electron tomography, and MRI. Prerequisites: BENG 351 and 352 or permission
of instructor. QR, SC
BENG 411b, BioMEMS and Biomedical Microdevices Rong Fan
Principles and applications of micro- and nanotechnologies for biomedicine.
Approaches to fabricating micro- and nanostructures. Fluid mechanics, electrokinetics,
and molecular transport in microfluidic systems. Integrated biosensors and microTAS
for laboratory medicine and point-of-care uses. High-content technologies, including
DNA, protein microarrays, and cell-based assays for differential diagnosis and disease
171
stratification. Emerging nanobiotechnology for systems medicine. Prerequisites:

CHEM 161, 165, or 167 (or CHEM 112, 114, or 118), and ENAS 194. SC
BENG 434a, Biomaterials Anjelica Gonzalez
Introduction to the major classes of biomedical materials: ceramics, metals, and
polymers. Their structure, properties, and fabrication connected to biological
applications, from implants to tissue-engineered devices and drug delivery systems.
Prerequisite: CHEM 165 (or CHEM 113 or 115); organic chemistry recommended. SC
* BENG 435b, Biomaterial-Tissue Interactions Themis Kyriakides
Study of the interactions between tissues and biomaterials, with an emphasis on the
importance of molecular- and cellular-level events in dictating the performance and
longevity of clinically relevant devices. Attention to specific areas such as biomaterials
for tissue engineering and the importance of stem/progenitor cells, as well as
biomaterial-mediated gene and drug delivery. Prerequisites: CHEM 161, 165, or 167 (or
CHEM 112, 114, or 118); MCDB 120, or BIOL 101 and 102; or equivalents. SC
[ BENG 445, Biomedical Image Processing and Analysis ]
BENG 455a, Vascular Mechanics Jay Humphrey
Methods of continuum biomechanics used to study diverse vascular conditions
and treatments from an engineering perspective. Topics include hypertension,
atherosclerosis, aneurysms, vein grafts, and tissue engineered constructs. Emphasis on
mechanics driven by advances in vascular mechanobiology. Prerequisite: BENG 353.
QR
BENG 456b, Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics Michael Murrell
The basic mechanical principles at the molecular and cellular level that underlie
the major physical behaviors of the cell, from cell division to cell migration. Basic
cellular physiology, methodology for studying cell mechanical behaviors, models for
understanding the cellular response under mechanical stimulation, and the mechanical
impact on cell differentiation and proliferation. Prerequisites: MENG 211 and 280 or
equivalents, and experience with MATLAB. Recommended preparation: BENG 353 and
MCDB 205. QR, SC
BENG 458b, Multiscale Models of Biomechanical Systems Stuart Campbell
Current methods for simulating biomechanical function across biological scales, from
molecules to organ systems of the human body. Theory and numerical methods; case
studies exploring recent advances in multiscale biomechanical modeling. Includes
computer laboratory sessions that introduce relevant software packages. Prerequisites:
BENG 249, 351, and 353, or permission of instructor. QR
BENG 463a / CENG 320a, Immunoengineering Tarek Fahmy
Introduction to immunoengineering, a field combining immunology with the physical
sciences and engineering. Focus on biophysical principles and biomaterial applications
for understanding and engineering immunity. SC
BENG 464b, Tissue Engineering Laura Niklason
Introduction to the major aspects of tissue engineering, including materials
selection, scaffold fabrication, cell sources, cell seeding, bioreactor design, and tissue
characterization. Class sessions include lectures and hands-on laboratory work.
Prerequisite: CHEM 161, 165, or 167 (or CHEM 112, 114, or 118). Recommended
preparation: organic chemistry, cell biology, and physiology. SC 1 Course cr
172
BENG 465a / MCDB 361a, Dynamical Systems in Biology Thierry Emonet, Damon
Clark, and Kathryn Miller-Jensen
Advanced topics related to dynamical processes in biological systems. Processes by
which cells compute, count, tell time, oscillate, and generate spatial patterns. Timedependent dynamics in regulatory, signal-transduction, and neuronal networks;
fluctuations, growth, and form. Comparisons between models and experimental data.
Use of MATLAB to create models. Prerequisite: MCDB 261 or equivalent, or a 200-level
biology course, or with permission of instructor. QR
BENG 467b, Systems Biology of Cell Signaling Andre Levchenko
Approaches from systems biology to the fundamental processes underlying both the
sensory capability of individual cells and cell-to-cell communication in health and
disease. Prerequisites: BENG 249 and ENAS 194, or equivalents. QR, SC
* BENG 471a and BENG 472b, Special Projects Staff
(laboratory or theory), engineering design, or tutorial study. Students are expected to
consult the director of undergraduate studies and appropriate faculty members about
ideas and suggestions for suitable topics. This course is usually taken during the spring
term of the senior year but with permission of the director of undergraduate studies
can be taken any time during a student's career, and may be taken more than once.
Permission of both the instructor and the director of undergraduate studies is required.
BENG 475a / CPSC 475a / EENG 475a, Computational Vision and Biological
Perception Steven Zucker
An overview of computational vision with a biological emphasis. Suitable as an
introduction to biological perception for computer science and engineering students,
as well as an introduction to computational vision for mathematics, psychology, and
physiology students. After CPSC 112 and MATH 120, or with permission of instructor.
QR, SC RP
* BENG 480a, Seminar in Biomedical Engineering Xenophon Papademetris
Oral presentations and written reports by students analyzing papers from scientific
journals on topics of interest in biomedical engineering, including discussions and
advanced seminars from faculty on selected subjects.
* BENG 485b, Fundamentals of Neuroimaging Fahmeed Hyder
The neuroenergetic and neurochemical basis of several dominant neuroimaging
methods, including fMRI. Technical aspects of different methods, interpretation of
results, and controversies or challenges regarding the application of fMRI and related
methods in medicine. SC
British Studies
(Courses at the Paul Mellon Centre in London)
During the spring term, the Yale-in-London program at the Paul Mellon Centre for
Studies in British Art, located in central London, offers four courses in British studies
generally including British history, history of art or architecture, literature, and drama.
Students take all four courses offered, and courses taught at the Paul Mellon Centre
must be taken for a letter grade. Further information is available on the program's
Web site (http://britishart.yale.edu/education/yale-college-students/yale-in-london).
173
Inquiries may also be directed to yaleinlondon@yale.edu. The application deadline

for spring term 2016 is Friday, October 2, 2015. Students will be notified of acceptance
within one month of the application deadline. Inquiries about the summer program,
described in the Undergraduate Curriculum section (p. 24), should be directed to the
same address. Applications for summer 2016 are due Monday, February 15, 2016.
Courses
* BRST 177b, British Art and Landscape Martin Postle
The role of visual art in articulating cultural, literary, political, and environmental
approaches to the landscape of the British Isles in the period from 1660 to 1860. Artists
include Jan Siberechts, George Lambert, Thomas Gainsborough, Richard Wilson, J. M.
W. Turner, and John Constable. HU
* BRST 198b, Chaucer and Medieval London Ardis Butterfield
Chaucer's writings explored through the human and physical landscape of medieval
London and Westminster. The crowds, sounds, and visual stimuli of the city examined
alongside literary genres in which the author wrote, including dream visions, love epic,
and lyrics, as well as the comic, satiric, and religious narratives of his Canterbury Tales.
Chaucer's sense of the writer's craft as a means of imagining space and sound and of
depicting the emotional resonance of urban street scenes. HU
* BRST 199b, Medieval Biography Ardis Butterfield
The sources, aims, and diversity of medieval life-writing in its many forms, including
autobiography, hagiography, political martyrology, and literary biography. What it
means to conceive of the medieval world through the reading and writing of biography;
the challenges of viewing a historical period primarily through a single life. Students
work with special collections at major London museums, libraries, and galleries.
Recommended preparation: reading knowledge of French. HU
* BRST 478b, Modern British Drama Sheila Fox
A detailed study of representative works of modern British drama, based on current
productions on the London stage. Theatrical conventions developed by playwrights and
actors in the theater of postwar Britain, both on the fringe and in the mainstream of the
West End. Attention to social issues addressed by the plays. HU
Director of undergraduate studies: Michael Loewenberg, 303 ML, 432-4334,
michael.loewenberg@yale.edu; seas.yale.edu/departments/chemical-andenvironmental-engineering
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING
Professors Eric Altman, Michelle Bell, Gaboury Benoit, Stephen Edberg,
Menachem Elimelech, Abbas Firoozabadi (Adjunct), Thomas Graedel, Gary Haller,
Edward Kaplan, Yehia Khalil (Adjunct), Michael Loewenberg, Robert McGraw
(Adjunct), Lisa Pfefferle, Joseph Pignatello (Adjunct), Daniel Rosner, James Saiers,
Mark Saltzman, Udo Schwarz, T. Kyle Vanderlick, Paul Van Tassel, Kurt Zilm
174
Associate Professors Eric Dufresne, Tarek Fahmy, Jaehong Kim, Chinedum Osuji,
Jordan Peccia, Andre Taylor, Corey Wilson, Julie Zimmerman
Assistant Professors Drew Gentner, Desiree Plata
Energy, the environment, and health care are key challenges facing humanity
in the twenty-first century. Chemical engineering is a discipline well placed to
confront these challenges. Chemical engineering is rooted in the basic sciences of
mathematics, chemistry, physics, and biology; a traditional engineering science core
of thermodynamics, transport phenomena, and chemical kinetics; a rigorous design
component; and an expanding focus on emerging topics in materials, nanotechnology,
and life sciences. The discipline has grown from its petrochemical origins to become
central to state-of-the-art technologies in microelectronics, alternative energy,
biomedicine, and pharmaceutics.
The Chemical Engineering program is principally focused on basic and engineering
sciences and on problem solving. Additional emphasis is on communication, analysis
of experiments, and chemical process design. A special feature of the program is the
accessibility of laboratory researchmost Chemical Engineering majors participate
in faculty-led research projects, often resulting in publication and/or presentation at
national meetings.
Chemical Engineering graduates find a wide range of professional opportunities in
academia, industry, government, business, and the nonprofit sector. Many majors go
on to graduate programs in chemical, biomedical, or environmental engineering or to
medical, law, or business schools.
The educational objectives of the Chemical Engineering program are the following.
Graduating students will achieve positions of leadership within academia, industry, and
government; excel in top graduate programs in chemical, biomedical, environmental,
and related engineering fields; excel in top professional schools in fields such
as law, medicine, or management; join and rise in the ranks of large and small
corporations; become successful entrepreneurs; practice engineering toward the benefit
of humankind.
Students considering a Chemical Engineering major are encouraged to take two terms
of chemistry and mathematics during the freshman year, and to contact the director of
Requirements of the major Two degree programs are offered: a B.S. in Chemical
Engineering accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET, Inc.,
and a B.S. in Engineering Sciences (Chemical).
Prerequisites Students in both degree programs take the following prerequisite
courses: MATH 112, 115, and ENAS 151 or equivalent; PHYS 180, 181; CHEM 161
and 165, or CHEM 163 and 167 (or CHEM 114, 115), and CHEM 134L (or CHEM
116L), or CHEM 167 (or CHEM 118); ENAS 130. Students with advanced high school
preparation may reduce the number of prerequisites.
175
B.S. degree program in Chemical Engineering The curriculum for the ABETaccredited B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering requires eighteen term courses,
including the following courses beyond the prerequisites:
1. Mathematics: ENAS 194 or equivalent
2. Chemistry: CHEM 174 and 175 (or CHEM 124 and 125), or CHEM 220 and either
221 or 230; CHEM 332, 333, and 330L
3. Engineering science: MENG 361 and three term courses chosen from engineering
electives
4. Chemical engineering: CENG 210, 300, 301, 315, 411, 412, 480
Senior requirement In their senior year students must pass CENG 416, Chemical
Engineering Process Design.
B.S. degree program in Engineering Sciences (Chemical) The B.S. degree in
Engineering Sciences (Chemical) requires ten term courses beyond the prerequisites,
chosen in consultation with the director of undergraduate studies. The standard
program includes the following courses:
1. Mathematics: ENAS 194 or equivalent
2. Chemistry: CHEM 174 and 175 (or CHEM 124 and 125), or CHEM 220 and either
221 or 230, or CHEM 332 and 333
3. Engineering science: MENG 361
4. Chemical engineering: CENG 210, 300, 301, 315, 411
Senior requirement In their senior year students must complete a senior research
project in CENG 490.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, B.S.
Prerequisites MATH 112, 115, ENAS 151 or equivalent; CHEM 161 and 165, or
CHEM 163 and 167 (or CHEM 114, 115), and CHEM 134L (or CHEM 116L), or
CHEM 167 (or CHEM 118); PHYS 180, 181; ENAS 130
Specific courses required ENAS 194 or equivalent; CHEM 174 and 175 (or CHEM
124 and 125), or CHEM 220 and either 221 or 230; CHEM 332, 333, and 330L;
MENG 361; CENG 210, 300, 301, 315, 411, 412, 480
Distribution of courses 3 addtl electives in engineering
Senior requirement CENG 416
ENGINEERING SCIENCES (CHEMICAL), B.S.
Prerequisites MATH 112, 115, ENAS 151 or equivalent; CHEM 161 and 165, or
CHEM 163 and 167 (or CHEM 114, 115), and CHEM 134L (or CHEM 116L), or
CHEM 167 (or CHEM 118); PHYS 180, 181; ENAS 130
Specific courses required ENAS 194 or equivalent; CHEM 174 and 175 (or CHEM 124
and 125), or CHEM 220 and either 221 or 230, or CHEM 332 and 333; MENG 361;
CENG 210, 300, 301, 315, 411
Senior requirement CENG 490
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* CENG 120b / ENAS 120b / ENVE 120b, Introduction to Environmental Engineering

Jordan Peccia
Introduction to engineering principles related to the environment, with emphasis
on causes of problems and technologies for abatement. Topics include air and water
pollution, global climate change, hazardous chemical and emerging environmental
technologies. Prerequisites: high school calculus and chemistry or CHEM 161, 165 or
CHEM 163, 167 (may be taken concurrently) or permission of instructor. QR, SC
CENG 210a / ENVE 210a, Principles of Chemical Engineering and Process Modeling
Andr Taylor
Analysis of the transport and reactions of chemical species as applied to problems in
chemical, biochemical, and environmental systems. Emphasis on the interpretation of
laboratory experiments, mathematical modeling, and dimensional analysis. Lectures
include classroom demonstrations. Prerequisite: MATH 120 or permission of instructor.
QR, SC RP
CENG 300a, Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics Chinedum Osuji
Analysis of equilibrium systems. Topics include energy conservation, entropy, heat
engines, Legendre transforms, derived thermodynamic potentials and equilibrium
criteria, multicomponent systems, chemical reaction and phase equilibria, systematic
derivation of thermodynamic identities, criteria for thermodynamic stability, and
introduction to statistical thermodynamics. Prerequisite: MATH 120 or ENAS 151 or
permission of instructor. QR, SC RP
CENG 301b, Chemical Kinetics and Chemical Reactors Andr Taylor
Physical-chemical principles and mathematical modeling of chemical reactors. Topics
include homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction kinetics, catalytic reactions, systems
of coupled reactions, selectivity and yield, chemical reactions with coupled mass
transport, nonisothermal systems, and reactor design. Applications from problems
in environmental, biomedical, and materials engineering. Prerequisite: ENAS 194 or
permission of instructor. QR, SC RP
CENG 315b / ENVE 315b, Transport Phenomena Michael Loewenberg
Unified treatment of momentum, energy, and chemical species transport including
conservation laws, flux relations, and boundary conditions. Topics include convective
and diffusive transport, transport with homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical
reactions and/or phase change, and interfacial transport phenomena. Emphasis on
problem analysis and mathematical modeling, including problem formulation, scaling
arguments, analytical methods, approximation techniques, and numerical solutions.
Prerequisite: ENAS 194 or permission of instructor. QR, SC RP
CENG 320a / BENG 463a, Immunoengineering Tarek Fahmy
Introduction to immunoengineering, a field combining immunology with the physical
sciences and engineering. Focus on biophysical principles and biomaterial applications
for understanding and engineering immunity. SC
CENG 351a / BENG 351a, Biotransport and Kinetics Kathryn Miller-Jensen
Creation and critical analysis of models of biological transport and reaction processes.
Topics include mass and heat transport, biochemical interactions and reactions,
and thermodynamics. Examples from diverse applications, including drug delivery,
177
biomedical imaging, and tissue engineering. Prerequisites: MATH 115, ENAS 194;
BIOL 101 and 102; CHEM 161, 163, or 167; BENG 249. QR
CENG 373a / ENVE 373a, Air Pollution Control Drew Gentner
An overview of air quality problems worldwide with a focus on emissions, chemistry,
transport, and other processes that govern dynamic behavior in the atmosphere.
Quantitative assessment of the determining factors of air pollution (e.g., transportation
and other combustionrelated sources, chemical transformations), climate
change, photochemical smog, pollutant measurement techniques, and air quality
management strategies. Prerequisite: ENVE 210. QR, SC RP
* CENG 377a / ENVE 377a, Water Quality Control Jaehong Kim
Study of the preparation of water for domestic and other uses and treatment of
wastewater for recycling or discharge to the environment. Topics include processes for
removal of organics and inorganics, regulation of dissolved oxygen, and techniques
such as ion exchange, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, activated carbon adsorption, and
biological methods. Prerequisite: ENVE 120 or permission of instructor. SC RP
CENG 410a, Biomolecular Engineering Corey Wilson
A survey of the principles and scope of biomolecular engineering. Discussion of
concepts at the interface of applied mathematics, biology, biophysical chemistry,
and chemical engineering that are used to develop novel molecular tools, materials,
and approaches based on biological building blocks and machinery. Modeling the
physicochemical properties that confer function in biological systems; low- and highresolution protein engineering; the design of synthetic interactomes. RP
CENG 411a, Separation and Purification Processes Lisa Pfefferle
Theory and design of separation processes for multicomponent and/or multiphase
mixtures via equilibrium and rate phenomena. Topics include single-stage and cascaded
absorption, adsorption, extraction, distillation, partial condensation, filtration,
and crystallization processes. Applications to environmental engineering (air and
water pollution control), biomedical-chemical engineering (artificial organs, drug
purification), food processing, and semiconductor processing. Prerequisite: CENG 300
or 315 or permission of instructor. QR, SC RP
CENG 412Lb / CENG 412, Chemical Engineering Laboratory and Design Paul Van
Tassel and Corey Wilson
An introduction to design as practiced by chemical and environmental engineers.
Engineering fundamentals, laboratory experiments, and design principles are applied
toward a contemporary chemical process challenge. Sustainability and economic
considerations are emphasized. SC
CENG 416b / ENVE 416b, Chemical Engineering Process Design Paul Van Tassel and
Corey Wilson
Study of the techniques for and the design of chemical processes and plants, applying
the principles of chemical engineering and economics. Emphasis on flowsheet
development and equipment selection, cost estimation and economic analysis, design
strategy and optimization, safety and hazards analysis, and environmental and ethical
considerations. Enrollment limited to seniors majoring in Chemical Engineering or
Environmental Engineering. QR, SC RP
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CENG 471a or b, Independent Research Michael Loewenberg

Faculty-supervised individual student research and design projects. Emphasis on the
integration of mathematics with basic and engineering sciences in the solution of a
theoretical, experimental, and/or design problem. May be taken more than once for
credit.
CENG 480a, Chemical Engineering Process Control Eric Altman
Transient regime modeling and simulations of chemical processes. Conventional and
state-space methods of analysis and control design. Applications of modern control
methods in chemical engineering. Course work includes a design project. Prerequisite:
ENAS 194 or permission of instructor. QR, SC RP
* CENG 490a or b, Senior Research Project Michael Loewenberg
Individual research and/or design project supervised by a faculty member in Chemical
Engineering, or in a related field with permission of the director of undergraduate
studies.
Related Course That Counts toward the Major

MENG 361a, Mechanical Engineering II: Fluid Mechanics Mitchell Smooke
Mechanical properties of fluids, kinematics, Navier-Stokes equations, boundary
conditions, hydrostatics, Euler's equations, Bernoulli's equation and applications,
momentum theorems and control volume analysis, dimensional analysis and similitude,
pipe flow, turbulence, concepts from boundary layer theory, elements of potential flow.
Prerequisites: ENAS 194 or equivalent, and physics at least at the level of PHYS 180.
QR, SC RP
Chemistry
Directors of undergraduate studies: Kurt Zilm, 119 SCL, 432-3956, kurt.zilm@yale.edu
[F]; Patrick Vaccaro, 240 SCL, 432-3975, patrick.vaccaro@yale.edu [Sp];
www.chem.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

Professors Sidney Altman, Victor Batista, Gary Brudvig, Robert Crabtree, Craig
Crews, R. James Cross, Jr. (Emeritus), Jonathan Ellman, John Faller (Emeritus), Gary
Haller, Seth Herzon, Patrick Holland, Francesco Iachello, Mark Johnson, William
Jorgensen, J. Patrick Loria, James Mayer, J. Michael McBride (Emeritus), Scott Miller,
Peter Moore (Emeritus), Anna Pyle, Lynne Regan, James Rothman, Martin
Saunders, Alanna Schepartz, Charles Schmuttenmaer, Dieter Sll, David Spiegel,
Thomas Steitz, Scott Strobel, John Tully (Emeritus), Patrick Vaccaro, Elsa Yan,
Frederick Ziegler (Emeritus), Kurt Zilm
Associate Professor Nilay Hazari
Assistant Professors Richard Baxter, Jason Crawford, Ziad Ganim, Timothy
Newhouse, Sarah Slavoff, Hailiang Wang
Lecturers Paul Anastas, Christine DiMeglio, N. Ganapathi, Jonathan Parr
The wide range of courses offered by the Department of Chemistry reflects the position
of chemistry as the foundation of all the molecular sciences. In addition to graduate
Chemistry
179
work in chemistry, biochemistry, or health-related disciplines, the department's

graduates find their broad scientific training useful in fields such as technology policy,
business management, and law. Chemistry is an especially appropriate major for
students interested in energy research or policy and the environment.
Courses for nonmajors without prerequisites The Chemistry department offers
one-term courses with no prerequisites, which are intended for nonscience majors.
These courses do not satisfy medical school requirements or the general chemistry
requirement for any science major. Courses for nonmajors are numbered CHEM 100
109.
Introductory courses and placement The majority of students begin with a general
chemistry sequence: either CHEM 161 and 165, General Chemistry I and II, or
CHEM 163 and 167, Comprehensive University Chemistry I and II. Any of these
courses fulfills the prerequisite for general chemistry in the Chemistry major. Students
taking CHEM 161 may be taking chemistry for the first time, perhaps took chemistry as
a high school sophomore, or may even have taken AP chemistry but not fully mastered
the subject at that level. Students in CHEM 163 will have more recently completed a
year or two of chemistry in high school, although motivated students may have last
taken chemistry as a high school sophomore if they have a strong math and physics
background. Students who have done well in an advanced placement chemistry course
or shown other evidence of high achievement in science and mathematics may be given
placement to start in CHEM 167. For instance, students with a Chemistry Advanced
Placement test score of 5 may usually elect CHEM 167.
Students with a sufficiently strong background in chemistry may initiate their
studies with courses in organic, inorganic, or physical chemistry after demonstrating
proficiency on the departments placement examination. CHEM 174 and 175, Freshman
Organic Chemistry I and II, and CHEM 185, Freshman Inorganic Chemistry, are
offered expressly for freshmen. Other courses in organic chemistry, including
CHEM 220, 221, and 230, are also available to qualified freshmen. Students with a
strong background in physics and calculus may be eligible for the physical chemistry
courses CHEM 332 and 333.
Placement procedures The Chemistry department reviews the preparation of all
freshmen prior to the beginning of the fall term, using test scores, admission records,
and information supplied by students. Incoming students should see the Freshman
Web site (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/new-students/class-2019/academic-information/
special-programs-placement-and-preregistration-1) for details on information to
submit during the summer before matriculation. The department determines the
appropriate general chemistry course for every entering freshman, either CHEM 161,
163, or 167. Students will be able to view their initial placement in late August on
the Chem Placement 2015 site on Classes*v2 (https://classesv2.yale.edu/portal);
instructions are available on the Freshman Web site (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/
new-students/class-2019/academic-information/special-programs-placement-andpreregistration-0).
Freshmen wishing to take CHEM 174, 185, 220, or 332, or those wishing to take a
higher-level course than their initially assigned placement, are required to take a
placement examination on the first day of registration week in the fall term. Students
who feel they have been placed incorrectly at too high a level may discuss changing their
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placement with a chemistry placement adviser and do not need to take the examination.
Students uncertain about their placement are encouraged to sit for the examination, as
it provides the best measure of a student's readiness to enter the wide variety of courses
offered to freshmen.
Students with placement questions, or those wishing to change their course preference
indicated during preregistration, should attend the department's orientation meeting
prior to the placement examination. Additional sessions with placement advisers are
scheduled throughout the first week of the fall term in 183 SCL at times listed in the
Calendar for the Opening Days of College. Students wishing to change their placement
should consult an adviser as soon as possible.
Students are advised to review general chemistry before taking the placement
examination. They must bring a nonprogrammable, nongraphing calculator and a
#2 pencil with them to the examination; cell phones may not be used. Times and
places for the examination are published in the Calendar for the Opening Days of College.
After the examination, final placements are posted on the Chem Placement 2015
site on Classes*v2 (https://classesv2.yale.edu/portal). For further information about
placement and the examination, consult the Calendar for the Opening Days of College
and the Freshman Web site (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/new-students/class-2019/
academic-information/special-programs-placement-and-preregistration-1).
Permission keys Enrollment in any introductory chemistry course requires an
electronic permission key. Keys are issued automatically by the department for entering
freshmen and are displayed as green key-shaped icons next to the appropriate courses
on the online registration page. Students are blocked from enrolling in any chemistry
course for which they do not possess a permission key. Students experiencing problems
with permission keys should inquire in person at the department office, 183 SCL.
Section registration in laboratory and lecture courses Information about online
registration for laboratory and discussion sections can be found in the description for
each laboratory or lecture course in Online Course Information (http://www.yale.edu/
oci). Due to the nature of laboratory exercises, it is impractical to preview laboratory
courses during the course selection period.
Placement information for upperclassmen Upperclassmen wishing to take
CHEM 161, 163, 165, or 167 should confirm their placement at the Chem Placement
site on Classes*v2 (https://classesv2.yale.edu/portal) that corresponds to their year of
matriculation. If permission keys are needed, upperclassmen should obtain them by
inquiring at the department office, 183 SCL. Those wishing to enroll in CHEM 220 may
do so as long as they have satisfied the general chemistry prerequisite.
Information for premedical students Medical schools currently require one year
of organic chemistry and laboratory as well as one year of general chemistry and
laboratory. The general chemistry requirement may be satisfied by completing
CHEM 161 and 165, or CHEM 163 and 167, or CHEM 167 and 185, or two terms
of physical chemistry. In most instances students with advanced placement taking
only CHEM 167 may complete this requirement by taking a course in biochemistry,
inorganic chemistry, or physical chemistry. Students should consult with the Office of
Chemistry
181
Career Strategy (http://ocs.yale.edu/content/health-professions-0) for the most up-todate premedical course advice.
Major degree programs Four degree programs are offered: a B.A., a B.S., an intensive
major leading to a B.S., and a combined B.S./M.S. The B.A. degree is intended for
students who want solid training in the chemical sciences and who also intend to study
other subjects in which chemical training would be an asset, such as technology policy,
economics, the environment, or medicine. The B.S. degree is intended to prepare
students for graduate study while permitting extensive exploration of other disciplines.
The B.S. degree with an intensive major provides more focused preparation for a career
in chemical research, and requires greater breadth in laboratory courses and electives.
Students electing this major program can also satisfy the requirements for a certified
degree in chemistry as set forth by the American Chemical Society. The combined B.S./
M.S. is designed for students whose advanced preparation qualifies them for graduatelevel work in their third and fourth years of college.
The major for the Class of 2016 Students in the Class of 2016 may fulfill the
requirements of the major that were in place when they entered the major in Chemistry,
as described in previous editions of this bulletin (http://www.yale.edu/printer/
bulletin/archivepdffiles/YCPS). Alternatively, they may fulfill the requirements for the
major as described below for the Class of 2017 and subsequent classes.
The major for the Class of 2017 and subsequent classes The major requires a group
of prerequisites or their equivalent in advanced placement, a core of courses common
to all four degree programs, advanced courses specific to each degree program, and a
senior requirement. No chemistry courses taken Credit/D/Fail may be counted toward
the major (including substitutions for advanced courses).
Prerequisites common to all Chemistry degree programs Two terms of general
chemistry and laboratory, single-variable calculus at the level of MATH 115, and one
term of introductory physics numbered 170 or higher, or the equivalents in advanced
placement, are prerequisite to all four degree programs. Students are also encouraged to
complete a course in multivariable calculus (MATH 120 or ENAS 151).
Course requirements common to all Chemistry degree programs All degrees require
two terms of organic chemistry (CHEM 174 or 220, and CHEM 175, 221, or 230) with
laboratory (CHEM 222L and 223L), one term of physical chemistry (CHEM 332 or 328),
and one term of inorganic chemistry (CHEM 185 or 252).
B.A. degree In addition to the prerequisites and common degree requirements, the
B.A. degree requires four additional course credits of advanced chemistry lecture or
laboratory courses. At least one of the advanced courses must be a lecture course in
the Chemistry department, and at least one must be a Chemistry laboratory course.
CHEM 333 may be counted toward the advanced-course requirement, although not as
the sole lecture course.
B.S. degree In addition to the prerequisites and common degree requirements, the
B.S. degree requires completion of a second term of physical chemistry (CHEM 333),
one term of physical chemistry laboratory (CHEM 330L), and four additional course
credits of advanced chemistry lecture or laboratory courses. At least one of the advanced
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courses must be a lecture course in the Chemistry department, and at least one must be
a Chemistry laboratory course.
B.S. degree, intensive major In addition to the prerequisites and common degree
requirements, the B.S. degree with an intensive major requires completion of a second
term of introductory physics numbered 171 or higher, a second term of physical
chemistry (CHEM 333), one term of physical chemistry laboratory (CHEM 330L), and
five additional course credits of advanced chemistry lecture or laboratory courses. At
least two of the advanced courses must be lecture courses in the Chemistry department,
and at least one must be a Chemistry laboratory course.
Combined B.S./M.S. degree program in Chemistry Exceptionally well-prepared
students may complete a course of study leading to the simultaneous award of
the B.S. and M.S. degrees after eight terms of enrollment. Formal application for
admission to this program must be made no later than the last day of classes in the
fifth term of enrollment. To be considered for admission, by the end of their fifth term
applicants must have achieved at least two-thirds A or A grades in all of their course
credits as well as in all of the course credits directly relating to the major, including
prerequisites. Two terms of CHEM 490 must be taken in the fifth and sixth terms
with grades of A or A earned to continue in the program. The B.S./M.S. degree
program requires completion of the intensive major requirements. The introductory
physics requirement must be fulfilled with PHYS 200, 201 or 260, 261; a term course
in physics numbered 400 or higher and approved by the director of undergraduate
studies may be substituted for the introductory sequence. In addition, eight graduate
courses in chemistry (four of which count toward the B.S.) are required. Four terms of
research are required, including two terms of research taken in CHEM 990. Students
in the program must earn grades of A in at least two of their graduate-level term
courses (or in one year course) and have at least a B average in the remaining ones.
B.S./M.S. candidates are also expected to continue their independent research in a
summer internship between their junior and senior years. For more information, see
Simultaneous Award of the Bachelor's and Master's Degrees in section K (p. 65) of
the Academic Regulations (p. 33).
Advanced courses For the purposes of degree requirements, all undergraduate
Chemistry courses numbered 410 or higher count as advanced lecture or laboratory
courses, as do CHEM 226L, 251L, and 331L. Because most advanced courses either
are offered in fall term or have a fall-term course as a prerequisite, students should
not plan to take an isolated spring-term advanced course in any given year without
first consulting the director of undergraduate studies. Most graduate-level Chemistry
courses may also count toward the advanced-course requirement; consult the director
of undergraduate studies for information about eligible courses.
Substitutions for required courses Up to two terms of advanced science courses
outside Chemistry may be counted as electives, with the written approval of the director
of undergraduate studies. CHEM 490 may not in any circumstance be substituted for
any of the laboratory requirements. The graduate courses CHEM 562L, 564L, and 565L
may not be counted toward any requirement of the major.
Senior requirement for the B.A. degree Students in the B.A. degree program must
complete the senior seminar CHEM 400, in which they prepare a capstone essay
on a chemistry-related topic. The paper is expected to be fifteen to twenty-five
Chemistry
183
pages in length (double-spaced, twelve-point font, exclusive of figures, tables, and

bibliography).
Senior requirement for the B.S. degree Students in the B.S. degree program may
fulfill the senior requirement by completing two terms of the independent research
course CHEM 490 and writing a capstone report under the guidance of a faculty
member that describes their research activities. Alternatively, they may complete the
senior seminar CHEM 400, in which they prepare a capstone essay on a chemistryrelated topic, and complete one additional course credit of advanced chemistry lecture
or laboratory courses. One term of CHEM 490 may be counted as the additional
advanced course. The capstone report or essay is expected to be fifteen to twenty-five
pages in length (double-spaced, twelve-point font, exclusive of figures, tables, and
bibliography). All students performing research must also present their work in the
form of an oral or poster presentation as coordinated by the instructor of CHEM 490.
Senior requirement for the B.S. degree with an intensive major Students in the B.S.
degree program with an intensive major fulfill the senior requirement by completing
two terms of the independent research course CHEM 490 and writing a capstone report
of fifteen to twenty-five pages (double-spaced, twelve-point font, exclusive of figures,
tables, and bibliography) under the guidance of a faculty member that describes their
research activities. Students in the intensive major program must also present their
work in the form of an oral or poster presentation as coordinated by the instructor of
CHEM 490.
Sequence of courses Majors are encouraged to begin their programs in the freshman
year to provide the greatest flexibility in scheduling. It is possible, however, to complete
the B.S. in as little as six terms if a student has advanced placement. One sample B.S.
program follows, but many others are possible:
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
CHEM 161, 165, 134L,

136L, math prereq
CHEM 220, 221, 252,

222L, 223L, physics
prereq
CHEM 332, 333, 330L,

251L, 1 elective
2 terms of CHEM 490,

2 electives
Programs of study with special emphasis The flexibility of the degree requirements
makes it possible for a student's program of study to emphasize a particular area of
specialization in chemistry. For example, a program specializing in chemical biology
includes CHEM 421, Chemical Biology, and two biochemistry electives chosen from
MCDB 300, MB&B 300, 301, or selected graduate courses. An inorganic chemistry
specialization could include CHEM 450, Physical Methods in Inorganic Chemistry,
CHEM 452, Organometallic Chemistry, and CHEM 457, Modern Coordination
Chemistry. A program with emphasis in physical chemistry and chemical physics
would have three electives chosen from CHEM 430, Statistical Mechanics and
Thermodynamics, CHEM 440, Molecules and Radiation I, CHEM 442, Molecules
and Radiation II, CHEM 470, Introductory Quantum Chemistry, or a graduate course
in quantum mechanics. Students interested in synthetic organic chemistry complete
three electives chosen from CHEM 418, Advanced Organic Chemistry I, CHEM 423,
Synthetic Methods in Organic Chemistry, CHEM 425, Spectroscopic Methods of
Structure Determination, or selected graduate courses. An emphasis in biophysical
chemistry includes a course in either chemical biology or biochemistry, as well as
two electives chosen from graduate courses in biophysics or biochemistry. Students
184
may design programs with other areas of emphasis in consultation with the director
of undergraduate studies. For a list of graduate courses appropriate for a particular
specialization, consult the director of undergraduate studies.
Approval of major programs of study All Chemistry majors in the sophomore, junior,
and senior years must have their programs approved by the director of undergraduate
studies. A program tailored to each student's goals is created and recorded on a
Chemistry Course of Study form kept on file in the department office. Majors who have
a current course of study form on file may have their schedules signed by the director of
undergraduate studies or by any of the advisers to the major. A current list of advisers to
the major may be obtained in the department office.
Special restrictions on lecture courses Completion of the first term of the general,
organic, or physical chemistry sequences CHEM 161 and 165; CHEM 174 or 220, and
CHEM 175, 221 or 230; and CHEM 332 or 328, and CHEM 333 with a passing grade
is a prerequisite for registration in the subsequent term. Completion of CHEM 163
with a passing grade is a prerequisite for registration in CHEM 167 unless the student's
assigned placement is in 167.
Students receive credit for only one chemistry sequence of any given type. For
example, a student who has completed CHEM 161 and 165 may not subsequently
enroll in CHEM 163 or 167; a student who has completed CHEM 174 and 175 may not
subsequently enroll in CHEM 220, 221, or 230. Similarly, students may not enroll in a
course (typically of lower number) that is a prerequisite to a course they have already
taken. Thus, for example, a student who has completed an organic chemistry laboratory
cannot subsequently enroll in a general chemistry laboratory.
Special restrictions on laboratory courses Chemistry courses may be taken without
the accompanying laboratory, although the department does not recommend it.
However, the appropriate lecture course is a prerequisite or corequisite for each
laboratory course. This restriction can be waived only by the director of undergraduate
studies. Students dropping the lecture course corequisite with a laboratory must also
drop the laboratory course.
Year or Term Abroad In most instances, Chemistry majors find their course of study
easier to schedule if they choose to study abroad in a spring term. Students studying
abroad in the spring term of their junior year are required to obtain approval for the
project that will fulfill their senior requirement before the end of the prior term. For
general information on the Year or Term Abroad, see section K (p. 65) of the Academic
Regulations.

Prerequisites CHEM 161 and 165, or 163 and 167 (or CHEM 112, 113; or 114, 115; or
118); CHEM 134L and 136L (or CHEM 116L, 117L); MATH 115 (MATH 120 or
ENAS 151 suggested); PHYS 170, 180, 200, or 260; or equivalents in advanced
placement
Number of courses B.A.at least 11 term courses, totaling 10 course credits, beyond
prereqs (incl senior req); B.S.at least 14 term courses, totaling 13 course credits,
beyond prereqs (incl senior req); B.S., intensive majorat least 16 term courses,
totaling 15 course credits, beyond prereqs (incl senior req)
Chemistry
185
Specific courses required All degrees2 terms of organic chem (CHEM 174 or 220,
and CHEM 175, 221, or 230); 2 terms of organic chem lab (CHEM 222L and 223L);
physical chem I (CHEM 332 or 328); 1 term of inorganic chem (CHEM 185 or 252);
B.S.CHEM 330L, 333; B.S., intensive majorCHEM 330L, 333; PHYS 171, 181,
201, or 261
Distribution of courses B.A. and B.S.4 addtl course credits in advanced lectures or
labs, incl at least 1 lecture and 1 lab; B.S., intensive major5 addtl course credits in
advanced lectures or labs, incl at least 2 lectures and 1 lab
Substitution permitted Up to 2 relevant advanced science courses in other depts for
advanced chem courses with DUS permission
Senior requirement B.A.CHEM 400; B.S.2 terms of CHEM 490, or CHEM 400
and 1 addtl course credit in advanced lecture or lab; B.S., intensive major2 terms of
CHEM 490
Courses for Nonmajors without Prerequisites

[ CHEM 101, Chemistry in the Modern World ]
CHEM 102b / ENVE 202b / EVST 102b, Introduction to Green Chemistry Paul
Anastas
Overview of the basic concepts and methods needed to design processes and synthesize
materials in an environmentally benign way. Related issues of global sustainability.
Case studies that suggest possible solutions for the serious environmental and
toxicological issues currently facing industry and society. Intended for nonscience
majors with a basic high school background in chemistry and physics, as well as high
school algebra. Does not satisfy premedical chemistry requirements or requirements for
the Chemistry major.
CHEM 104b, Chemistry of Food and Cooking Elsa Yan and Narasimhan Ganapathi
Fundamental principles for understanding chemical structures and interactions as well
as energy and speed of chemical processes. Application of these principles to food and
cooking, including demonstrations. SC
Freshmen planning to take an introductory Chemistry course during their first term
are required to preregister over the summer. Those planning to elect CHEM 174, 220,
or 332 must also register in person and take a placement examination as described in
the Chemistry department program description and on the Freshman Web site (http://
yalecollege.yale.edu/content/chemistry-1). Placement in other introductory Chemistry
courses is made on the basis of test scores and other admissions data, as discussed in
the Chemistry department program description. Time and place for the orientation
meeting, registration, and placement examination are listed in the Calendar for the
Opening Days of College. For further information on placement see the Freshman Web
site (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/content/chemistry-1).
[ CHEM 119L, Laboratory for Quantitative Foundations of General Chemistry ]
CHEM 134La or b, General Chemistry Laboratory I Narasimhan Ganapathi
An introduction to basic chemistry laboratory methods. Techniques required for
quantitative analysis of thermodynamic processes and the properties of gases. To
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accompany or follow CHEM 161 or 163. May not be taken after a higher-numbered
laboratory course. SC RP Course cr
CHEM 136La or b, General Chemistry Laboratory II Narasimhan Ganapathi
Introduction to rate and equilibrium measurements, acid-base chemistry, synthesis of
inorganic compounds, and qualitative/quantitative analysis. After CHEM 134L or the
equivalent in advanced placement. To accompany or follow CHEM 165 or 167. May not
be taken after a higher-numbered laboratory course. SC RP Course cr
* CHEM 161a or b, General Chemistry I Staff
A comprehensive survey of modern descriptive, inorganic, and physical chemistry.
Atomic theory, stoichiometry, thermochemistry, chemical periodicity, concepts in
chemical bonding, and the shapes of molecules. Appropriate either as a first chemistry
course or for students with one year of high school chemistry. Attendance at a weekly
discussion section required. Normally accompanied by CHEM 134L. Enrollment by
placement only. QR, SC RP
* CHEM 163a, Comprehensive University Chemistry I James Mayer and Jonathan
Parr
A comprehensive survey of modern descriptive, inorganic, and physical chemistry.
Atomic theory, stoichiometry, thermochemistry, chemical periodicity, concepts in
chemical bonding, and the shapes of molecules. For students with a good secondary
school exposure to general chemistry. Attendance at a weekly discussion section
required. Normally accompanied by CHEM 134L. Enrollment by placement only. QR,
SC RP
* CHEM 165b, General Chemistry II Jonathan Parr
Topics include kinetics, chemical equilibrium, acid-base chemistry, free energy and
entropy, electrochemistry, and nuclear chemistry. Attendance at a weekly discussion
section required. Prerequisite: CHEM 161. Normally accompanied by CHEM 136L.
Enrollment by placement only. QR, SC RP
* CHEM 167a or b, Comprehensive University Chemistry II Staff
Topics include kinetics, chemical equilibrium, acid-base chemistry, free energy and
entropy, electrochemistry, and nuclear chemistry. Attendance at a weekly discussion
section required. Prerequisite: CHEM 163, or with equivalent placement. Normally
accompanied by CHEM 136L. Enrollment by placement only. QR, SC RP
* CHEM 174a, Freshman Organic Chemistry I Scott Miller
An introductory course focused on current theories of structure and mechanism in
organic chemistry, their development, and their basis in experimental observation.
Open to freshmen with excellent preparation in chemistry, mathematics, and physics
who have taken the department's advanced chemistry placement examination.
Attendance at a weekly discussion section required. Normally accompanied by CHEM
222L. Enrollment by placement only. SC RP
* CHEM 175b, Freshman Organic Chemistry II Alanna Schepartz
Continuation of CHEM 174. Survey of simple and complex reaction mechanisms,
spectroscopy, organic synthesis, and the molecules of nature. Attendance at a weekly
discussion section required. After CHEM 174. Normally accompanied by CHEM 223L.
Enrollment by placement only. SC RP
Chemistry
187
* CHEM 185b, Freshman Inorganic Chemistry Patrick Holland

The roles of metals and metal ions in the environment, biological systems, medicines,
catalysts, and materials. Concepts of inorganic chemistry and their relation to chemistry
fundamentals and applications. Attendance at a weekly discussion section required.
Prerequisite: CHEM 167, or with equivalent placement. SC RP
* CHEM 220a or b, Organic Chemistry Staff
An introductory course covering the fundamental principles of organic chemistry.
The laboratory for this course is CHEM 222L. After college-level general chemistry.
Students who have earned a grade lower than C in general chemistry are cautioned that
they may not be sufficiently prepared for this course. Usually followed by CHEM 221 or
230. SC RP
CHEM 221a or b, The Organic Chemistry of Life Processes Staff
The principles of organic reactivity and how they form the basis for biological
processes. The laboratory for this course is CHEM 223L. After CHEM 220. Students
who have earned a grade lower than C in general chemistry are cautioned that they may
not be sufficiently prepared for this course. SC RP
CHEM 222La or b, Laboratory for Organic Chemistry I Christine DiMeglio
First term of an introductory laboratory sequence covering basic synthetic and analytic
techniques in organic chemistry. Prerequisite: CHEM 136L or equivalent. After or
concurrently with CHEM 174 or 220. SC Course cr
CHEM 223La or b, Laboratory for Organic Chemistry II Christine DiMeglio
Second term of an introductory laboratory sequence covering basic synthetic
and analytic techniques in organic chemistry. Prerequisite: CHEM 222L. After or
concurrently with CHEM 175, 221, or 230. SC Course cr
* CHEM 226Lb, Intensive Advanced Chemistry Laboratory Christine DiMeglio
An intensive course in advanced chemistry laboratory technique intended to bring the
student closer to independent research. Included are an independent laboratory project
and presentation, introduction to library research, and training in the use of various
analytical techniques. Offered subject to available laboratory space and sufficient
enrollment. After CHEM 223L. For enrollment procedures, contact the instructors.
WR, SC RP
[ CHEM 230, Organic Chemistry of Biological Pathways ]
CHEM 251Lb, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Jonathan Parr
Introductory laboratory course covering synthetic and physical characterization
techniques in inorganic chemistry. Prerequisite: CHEM 119L or 222L; concurrently with
or after CHEM 252. SC
CHEM 252b, Introductory Inorganic Chemistry Robert Crabtree
Principles and applications of modern inorganic chemistry. Introduction to some of the
fundamental concepts of solid-state chemistry, coordination chemistry, bioinorganic
chemistry, and organometallic chemistry. Prerequisite: college-level general chemistry.
After or concurrently with CHEM 220 or by permission of instructor. May not be taken
after CHEM 450, 452, or 457. SC RP
188
CHEM 328a, Physical Chemistry with Applications in the Biological Sciences

Richard Baxter
Physical chemical principles and their application to the chemical and life sciences.
Thermodynamics, chemical and biochemical kinetics, solution physical chemistry,
electrochemistry, and membrane equilibria. CHEM 332 is preferred for Chemistry
majors. Prerequisites: introductory physics, college-level general chemistry, and singlevariable calculus, or permission of instructor; MATH 120 or ENAS 151 suggested. May
not be taken after CHEM 332. QR, SC RP
CHEM 330La, Laboratory for Physical Chemistry I Patrick Vaccaro and Narasimhan
Ganapathi
Introduction to the tools and techniques of modern experimental physical
chemistry, including analog/digital electronics, quantitative measurements of basic
thermodynamic properties, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. After or
concurrently with CHEM 328 or 332. Meets on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday from
1:30 to 2:20 for the first week of the term. SC RP
[ CHEM 331L, Laboratory for Physical Chemistry II ]
*CHEM 332a, Physical Chemistry with Applications in the Physical Sciences I
R. James Cross
A comprehensive survey of modern physical and theoretical chemistry, including topics
drawn from thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium, electrochemistry, and kinetics.
Prerequisites: introductory physics, college-level general chemistry, and single-variable
calculus, or permission of instructor; MATH 120 or ENAS 151 suggested. May not be
taken after CHEM 328. QR, SC RP
* CHEM 333b, Physical Chemistry with Applications in the Physical Sciences II
Patrick Vaccaro
Continuation of CHEM 332, including topics drawn from quantum mechanics, atomic/
molecular structure, spectroscopy, and statistical thermodynamics. Prerequisite: CHEM
328 or 332, or permission of instructor. Recommended preparation: familiarity with
differential equations. QR, SC RP
Advanced Courses
* CHEM 400a, Current Chemistry Seminar Jonathan Parr
Designed to engage students in the Chemistry research-seminar program by providing
requisite scientific guidance and a forum for directed discussion. Participants explore
current avenues of chemical research as presented orally by the prime movers in the
field, thereby exploring the frontiers of current knowledge while still retaining the
structured environment of a classroom. May fulfill all or part of the senior requirement
for the Chemistry major, as detailed in the program description in the YCPS.
* CHEM 418a, Advanced Organic Chemistry I William Jorgensen
Concise overview of structure, properties, thermodynamics, kinetics, reactions, and
intermolecular interactions for organic molecular systems. Prerequisites: two terms of
organic chemistry, CHEM 328 or 332, and CHEM 333. SC RP
CHEM 421a, Chemical Biology Jason Crawford and Sarah Slavoff
A one-term introduction to the origins and emerging frontiers of chemical biology.
Discussion of the key molecular building blocks of biological systems and the history of
Chemistry
189
macromolecular research in chemistry. Prerequisites: two terms of organic chemistry,

and BIOL 101 or equivalent; BIOL 102 recommended. SC RP
CHEM 423a, Synthetic Methods in Organic Chemistry Timothy Newhouse
Survey of practical methods in synthetic organic chemistry. Emphasis on learning how
to acquire new information and understand chemical reactivity from a fundamental and
mechanistic perspective. Prerequisite: two terms of organic chemistry or permission of
instructor. SC RP
[ CHEM 425, Spectroscopic Methods of Structure Determination ]
[ CHEM 426, Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry ]
CHEM 430a, Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics Ziad Ganim
The fundamentals of statistical mechanics developed and used to elucidate gas phase
and condensed phase behavior, as well as to establish a microscopic derivation of the
postulates of thermodynamics. Topics include ensembles; Fermi, Bose, and Boltzmann
statistics; density matrices; mean field theories; phase transitions; chemical reaction
dynamics; time-correlation functions; and Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics
simulations. Prerequisites: CHEM 328 or 332, and CHEM 333, or permission of
instructor. QR, SC RP
CHEM 437a, Chemistry of Isotopes Martin Saunders
Advanced applications of isotopes to chemical problems and the theory associated with
them, including kinetic and equilibrium isotope effects, tracer applications, and dating.
RP
CHEM 440a, Molecules and Radiation I Kurt Zilm
An integrated treatment of quantum mechanics and modern spectroscopy. Basic
wave and matrix mechanics, perturbation theory, angular momentum, group theory,
time-dependent quantum mechanics, selection rules, coherent evolution in two-level
systems, line shapes, Bloch equations, and NMR spectroscopy. Prerequisite: CHEM 333
or permission of instructor. QR, SC RP
CHEM 442b, Molecules and Radiation II Mark Johnson
An extension of the material covered in CHEM 440 to atomic and molecular
spectroscopy, including rotational, vibrational, and electronic spectroscopy, as well as an
introduction to laser spectroscopy. Prerequisite: CHEM 440 or permission of instructor.
QR, SC RP
[ CHEM 450, Physical Methods in Inorganic Chemistry ]
CHEM 452a, Organometallic Chemistry Robert Crabtree
A survey of the organometallic chemistry of the transition elements and of
homogeneous catalysis. May be taken independently of CHEM 450. Prerequisites: two
terms of organic chemistry and CHEM 252. SC RP
CHEM 457a, Modern Coordination Chemistry Nilay Hazari
The principles of modern inorganic chemistry. Main group and transition element
chemistry: reactions, bonding, structure, and spectra. Prerequisite: CHEM 252 or
permission of instructor. SC RP
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CHEM 470b, Quantum Chemistry Victor Batista

The elements of quantum mechanics developed and illustrated with applications in
chemistry and chemical physics. Prerequisites: CHEM 333, and MATH 120 or ENAS
151. QR, SC RP
* CHEM 490a or b, Independent Research in Chemistry Jonathan Parr
After consulting with the director of undergraduate studies no later than the last week
of the preceding academic term, students choose to work on individual laboratory
and/or theoretical research problems under the supervision of a faculty member in
Chemistry or in a closely related field of molecular science. Mandatory class meetings
address issues of essential laboratory safety and ethics in science, with other class
sessions focusing on core topics of broad interest including chemistry literature
searching, oral presentation skills, and effective scientific writing. At least ten hours
of research required per week. May be taken multiple times for credit. For each term
of enrollment, students must complete a CHEM 490 registration form, have it signed
by their research adviser and the course instructor, and submit it to the director of
undergraduate studies for final approval no later than the last week of the preceding
term. RP
Graduate Courses of Interest to Undergraduates

Graduate courses in chemistry that may be of particular interest to undergraduates are
listed in the online bulletin (http://www.yale.edu/printer/bulletin/htmlfiles/grad) of
the Graduate School. Information about them is available in the office of the director of
undergraduate studies. Enrollment requires permission of both the director of graduate
studies and the instructor.
Child Study Center

The Yale Child Study Center is an interdisciplinary department at the School of
Medicine that furthers understanding of the problems of children and families. Among
the coordinated disciplines are child psychiatry, pediatrics, genetics, neurobiology,
epidemiology, psychology, nursing, social work, and social policy. The mission of
the Child Study Center is to improve the mental health of children and families,
advance understanding of their psychological and developmental needs, and treat and
prevent childhood mental illness through the integration of research, clinical practice,
and professional training. The Child Study Center is unique in its scope of local,
state, national, and international collaborations in research, clinical services, training
programs, and policy work. More information is available on the Center's Web site
(http://medicine.yale.edu/childstudy).
Courses
* CHLD 125a / EDST 125a / PSYC 125a, Child Development Nancy Close
The reading of selected material with supervised participant-observer experience in
infant programs, a day-care and kindergarten center, or a family day-care program.
Regularly scheduled seminar discussions emphasize both theory and practice. An
assumption of the course is that it is not possible to understand childrentheir
behavior and developmentwithout understanding their parents and the relationship
Child Study Center
191
between child and parents. The focus is on infancy as well as early childhood.
Enrollment limited to juniors and seniors. WR, SO
* CHLD 126b / EDST 191b, Clinical Child Development and Assessment of Young
Children Nancy Close
Exposure to both conceptual material and clinical observations on the complexity of
assessing young children and their families. SO Course cr
* CHLD 127a / EDST 127a / PSYC 127a, Theory and Practice of Early Childhood
Education: Implications of Curriculum and Policy Carla Horwitz
Development of curricula for preschool childreninfants through five-year-oldsin
light of current research and child development theory. WR, SO RP
* CHLD 128b / EDST 128b / PSYC 128b, Language, Literacy, and Play Nancy Close
and Carla Horwitz
The complicated role of play in the development of language and literacy skills among
preschool-aged children. Topics include social-emotional, cross-cultural, cognitive, and
communicative aspects of play. WR, SO RP
* CHLD 131a / EDST 131a / HLTH 270a, The Growing Child in Global Context Erika
Christakis
The effects of poverty, changing demographic and workforce trends, and access to
early education and child care on the growing child around the world. Topics include
antenatal care, mental and behavioral health, malnutrition and obesity, family support,
schooling, sex selection and gender bias, parenting practices, migration and warfare,
and child policy challenges in diverse cultural and socioeconomic contexts. SO
* CHLD 132a or b / PSYC 132a or b / SOCY 132a or b, The Concept of the Problem
Child Erika Christakis
Differing visions of good and bad, typical and atypical, children. Reasons why some
children are seen as deviant and others as normal. Implications for public policy,
medical practice, family dynamics, schooling, and the criminal justice and protective
care systems. Sources include public health data, early childhood curricula, and
depictions of problem children in literature and popular culture. SO
* CHLD 133a / PSYC 133a, Introduction to Developmental Psychopathology Fred
Volkmar, Eli Lebowitz, and Wendy Silverman
Overview of developmental psychopathology during childhood and adolescence.
Aspects of normal development, assessment methods, clinical disorders, treatment, and
legal and social policy issues. Theoretical approaches to understanding developmental
aspects of common mental health conditions in childhood. Some attention to issues of
culture and ethnicity in the expression of psychopathology. Prerequisite: PSYC 130, 140,
or equivalent, or with permission of instructor.
* CHLD 350a or b / PSYC 350a or b, Autism and Related Disorders Staff
Weekly seminar focusing on autism and related disorders of socialization. A series of
lectures on topics in etiology, diagnosis and assessment, treatment and advocacy, and
social neuroscience methods; topics cover infancy through adulthood. Supervised
experience in the form of placement in a school, residence, or treatment setting for
individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Details about admission to the course are
explained at the first course meeting. Prerequisite: an introductory psychology course.
SO
192
Classics
Director of undergraduate studies: Pauline LeVen, 305 Phelps, 432-0983,
pauline.leven@yale.edu; www.yale.edu/classics
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS

Professors Egbert Bakker, Victor Bers, Kirk Freudenburg, Emily Greenwood, Verity
Harte, Brad Inwood, Diana Kleiner, Christina Kraus, Noel Lenski, Joseph Manning
Associate Professors Milette Gaifman, Pauline LeVen, Irene Peirano Garrison
Assistant Professors Joshua Billings, Andrew Johnston
Lecturers Ann Ellis Hanson, Susan Matheson, Timothy Robinson, Barbara Shailor,
Joseph Solodow
The Department of Classics offers a major in Classics, concentrating in either Greek
or Latin literature, or in both literatures; a major in Classical Civilization; and, in
conjunction with the Hellenic Studies program, a major in Ancient and Modern Greek.
The diversity of subject matter covered by these majors makes Classics an excellent
partner in interdepartmental major programs.
Placement policy Students are encouraged to take courses as advanced as they can
handle with profit and pleasure. The department, recognizing the great variety of
preparation in ancient languages, wishes to accommodate incoming students in as
flexible a manner as possible. Students who plan either to begin or to continue the
study of Greek or Latin should consult members of the departmental faculty as soon as
practicable.
Students who have had the equivalent of two years of college-level instruction may try
a 400-level course. It is possible to take GREK 141 or LATN 141 after a 400-level course,
or to be admitted to a 400-level course after completion of GREK 131 or LATN 131.
Freshmen are encouraged to take advantage of the initial course selection period before
course schedules are due to find the most appropriate course.
The Major in Classics
The major in Classics is primarily a liberal arts major. It provides a rigorous
interdisciplinary education in the literature, material culture, and history that underlie
Western civilization and other humanities disciplines; it can also provide foundational
disciplinary expertise for students who wish to do professional graduate work. Students
develop a mastery of the classical languages, become acquainted with important periods
and major authors in Greek and Roman literature, and develop the linguistic, historical,
and theoretical interpretative tools to analyze classical antiquity and its relevance in
the modern world. All courses in the department emphasize a combination of precise
analysis, original thought, creativity, and breadth of historical inquiry. Courses in
other literatures, in history, and in philosophy are strongly recommended for students
enrolled in the Classics major.
The candidate for the Classics major may elect either the standard or the intensive
major. In both of these majors the department recognizes two kinds of concentration,
Classics
193
one aiming at knowledge of both ancient literatures, the other concentrating on either
Greek or Latin literature.
The standard major A standard major in both literatures requires no fewer than ten
term courses. These include six term courses in Greek and Latin at the level of 390 or
above, a survey of the literature and culture of ancient Athens (CLCV 256), a survey
of the literature and culture of ancient Rome (CLCV 257), and two additional courses
in related areas of history and art. The language courses must include GREK 390 or
LATN 390 and five term courses at the level of 400 or above. One of the additional
courses in a related field must be a term course in ancient history, and the other must
be a term course in ancient history, classical art and archaeology, or classical civilization.
Students who have completed CLCV 254 and 255 in the past may count them toward the
survey requirements in the literature and culture of Athens and Rome, respectively.
Students majoring in one literature (Greek or Latin) are required to take no fewer than
ten term courses. These include six term courses in that literature at the level of 390 or
above, a survey of the literature and culture of ancient Athens (CLCV 256), a survey
of the literature and culture of ancient Rome (CLCV 257), a term course in ancient
history related to the chosen literature, and an additional term course in ancient history,
classical art and archaeology, or classical civilization. The language courses must include
GREK 390 or LATN 390 and at least five term courses at the level of 400 or above.
Students are encouraged to do some work in the second language and may substitute
two terms at the intermediate level (131 and 141) in the second language for two 400level courses in the major literature. Students who have completed CLCV 254 and 255 in
the past may count them toward the survey requirements in the literature and culture of
Athens and Rome, respectively.
Senior requirement At the end of the senior year the student majoring in both
literatures takes a comprehensive examination in the history of Greek and Latin
literature and in translation of both languages; the student majoring in one literature
takes a senior departmental examination in the history of the literature of the major and
in translation of that literature.
Credit/D/Fail Courses taken Credit/D/Fail may not be counted toward the
requirements of the major.
The intensive major Students who desire a larger measure of independence than
the standard major offers may elect the intensive major. In addition to fulfilling the
requirements of the standard major (in both literatures, in Greek, or in Latin), students
in the intensive major write a senior essay under the regular guidance of a faculty
adviser. Students may write a one-term essay in either the fall or spring (CLSS 492), or
they may write a two-term essay (CLSS 490 and 491) starting in the fall of their senior
year. A brief prospectus of the essay must be submitted, preferably at the end of the
junior year and in no case later than September 2 of the senior year. The candidate must
submit two copies of the senior essay to the director of undergraduate studies no later
than December 11 (CLSS 492a) or April 22 (CLSS 490, 491 or CLSS 492b) of the senior
year.
Combined B.A./M.A. degree program Exceptionally able and well-prepared students
may complete a course of study leading to the simultaneous award of the B.A. and M.A.
degrees after eight terms of enrollment. See "Simultaneous Award of the Bachelor's
194
and Master's Degrees" under section K, Special Arrangements (p. 65), in the Academic
Regulations. Interested students should consult the director of undergraduate studies
prior to the sixth term of enrollment for specific requirements in Classics.

Prerequisites None
Specific courses required GREK 390 or LATN 390; CLCV 256 or 254, and 257 or 255
Distribution of courses Two literatures6 courses in both langs at level 390 or
above, with at least 5 at 400 level or above; 1 course in ancient hist; 1 addtl course
in ancient hist, classical art and archaeology, or classical civ; One literature6
courses in lit at level 390 or above, with at least 5 at 400 level or above; 1 course in
ancient hist related to lit of major; 1 addtl course in ancient hist, classical art and
archaeology, or classical civ
Substitution permitted One literature2 courses in the other lit numbered 131 or
higher for 2 courses in major lit at 400 level
Senior requirement Senior dept exam in hist and translation of Greek and Latin lit
(two lits) or major lit (one lit)
Intensive major Senior essay (CLSS 490, 491 or CLSS 492) in addition to above
The Major in Classical Civilization

The major in Classical Civilization is designed to offer students an opportunity to study
an entire Western civilization in its many diverse but related aspects. The literature,
history, philosophy, religion, art, archaeology, and other aspects of Greek and Roman
antiquity from the earliest beginnings in Greece to the Middle Ages are studied for
their intrinsic artistic value, their historical significance, and their power to illuminate
problems confronting contemporary societies. Each year, the department offers courses
that focus on ways that subsequent ages have used and made sense of classical antiquity.
Ancient texts are studied primarily in translation, though under the guidance of
instructors who have expertise in Greek and Latin.
Candidates for the major complete at least twelve term courses (including the senior
seminar) in Classics and related departments. Of these, two must be in ancient history
and/or classical art and archaeology; and two must be in Greek or Latin, or both,
numbered 131 or higher (the latter courses should be completed by the end of the junior
year). Students must also take a survey of the literature and culture of ancient Athens
(CLCV 256) and a survey of the literature and culture of ancient Rome (CLCV 257);
those who have completed CLCV 254 and 255 in the past may count these courses
toward the survey requirements. It is strongly recommended that candidates elect one
course each in the general areas of ancient epic, drama, philosophy, Roman civilization,
and the classical tradition. Candidates for the major are encouraged to take related
courses in other departments.
Senior requirement Students research and complete an original research project,
usually an essay, under the guidance of a faculty adviser. Students choose either a
two-term senior project for two course credits (CLCV 450, 451) or a one-term senior
project for one course credit (CLCV 452). A brief prospectus of the project must be
submitted to the director of undergraduate studies, preferably at the end of the junior
Classics
195
year and in no case later than September 2 of the senior year. The completed project
must be submitted to the department no later than December 11 (CLCV 452a) or April
22 (CLCV 450, 451 or CLCV 452b) of the senior year. If the student has written an essay,
two copies are required.
Approval of schedules Programs for all majors must be approved by the director of

Prerequisites None
Number of courses 12 term courses (incl two-term senior sem)
Specific courses required CLCV 256 or 254, and 257 or 255
Distribution of courses 2 courses in ancient hist and/or classical art and archaeology; 2
courses in Greek or Latin (or both) numbered 131 or higher
Senior requirement Senior project (CLCV 450, 451 or CLCV 452)
The Major in Ancient and Modern Greek

The major in Ancient and Modern Greek offers students an opportunity to integrate
the study of postclassical Greek language, history, and culture with the departmental
program in ancient Greek and classical civilization. The major covers Hellenic
civilization from the Bronze Age to the modern day, and traces the development of
the language and the culture across traditionally drawn boundaries. The study of both
ancient and modern Greek allows the student to appreciate how familiarity with one
enriches understanding of the other, and to chart the development of a language which
has one of the oldest continuous written traditions in the world. The literature, history,
philosophy, religion, and art of the ancient Greek and Greco-Roman worlds are studied
both as ends in themselves and also as a foundation for appreciating later (medieval,
Ottoman, and modern) developments in these areas. Students are encouraged to
develop a sense of the continuity of Greek language and culture, and an understanding
of how Byzantine and modern forms relate to their ancient forebears.
The standard major The major in Ancient and Modern Greek requires at least ten
term courses. These include four term courses at the level of 390 or above in ancient
Greek, a survey of the literature and culture of ancient Athens (CLCV 256), a survey
of the literature and culture of ancient Rome (CLCV 257), and one term course in
ancient Greek history. The language courses should include GREK 390. Students
who have completed CLCV 254 and 255 in the past may count them toward the survey
requirements in the literature and culture of Athens and Rome, respectively. Candidates
are encouraged to take a wide range of courses in the areas of ancient philosophy,
religion, art, and architecture. In addition, no fewer than two term courses in modern
Greek must be elected at the intermediate level (MGRK 130, 140) or above, as well as
at least one additional term course in the history, art history, literature, or culture of the
Greek-speaking Balkans or the Hellenic diaspora in the medieval, Ottoman, or modern
period.
196
Senior requirement At the end of the senior year the student takes a comprehensive
examination in the history of Greek literature.
The intensive major Students who desire a larger measure of independence than
the standard major offers may elect the intensive major. In addition to fulfilling the
requirements of the standard major, students in the intensive major write a senior essay
under the regular guidance of a faculty adviser. Students may write a one-term essay
in the fall or spring (CLSS 492), or they may write a two-term essay starting in the
fall of their senior year (CLSS 490 and 491). A brief prospectus of the essay must be
submitted, preferably at the end of the junior year and in no case later than September
2 of the senior year. The candidate must submit two copies of the senior essay to the
director of undergraduate studies no later than December 11 (CLSS 492a) or April 22
(CLSS 490, 491, or CLSS 492b) of the senior year.

Prerequisites None
Specific courses required GREK 390; CLCV 256 or 254, and 257 or 255
Distribution of courses 4 term courses in ancient Greek numbered 390 or higher; 1
term course in ancient Greek hist; 2 term courses in modern Greek numbered 130 or
higher; 1 term course in postclassical Greek hist or culture
Senior requirement Senior dept exam
Intensive major Senior essay (CLSS 490, 491 or CLSS 492) in addition to above
Greek
GREK 110a, Beginning Greek: The Elements of Greek Grammar Kyle Khellaf
Introduction to ancient Greek. Emphasis on morphology and syntax within a
structured program of readings and exercises. Prepares for GREK 120. No prior
knowledge of Greek assumed. L1 RP 1 Course cr
GREK 120b, Beginning Greek: Review of Grammar and Selected Readings Staff
Continuation of GREK 110. Emphasis on consolidating grammar and on readings
from Greek authors. The sequence GREK 110, 120 prepares for 131 or 141. Prerequisite:
GREK 110 or equivalent. L2 RP 1 Course cr
* GREK 125b, Intensive Beginning Greek Timothy Robinson
An introduction to classical Greek for students with no prior knowledge of the
language. Readings from Greek authors supplement intensive instruction in grammar
and vocabulary. The course is intended to be of use to students with diverse academic
backgrounds and interests. Prepares for GREK 131. Not open to students who have
taken GREK 110, 120. L1, L2 RP 2 Course cr
GREK 131a, Greek Prose: An Introduction Emily Hauser
Close reading of selections from classical Greek prose with review of grammar. Counts
as L4 if taken after GREK 141 or equivalent. L3
Classics
197
GREK 141b, Homer: An Introduction Staff

A first approach to reading Homeric poetry in Greek. Selected books of the Iliad or the
Odyssey. Counts as L4 if taken after GREK 131 or equivalent. L3
GREK 390a, Greek Syntax and Stylistics Victor Bers
A review of accidence and syntax, elementary composition, and analysis of Greek prose
styles of the fifth and fourth centuries B.C., including a comparison of "prosaic" and
"poetic" syntax. Prerequisite: previous familiarity with some Greek prose beyond the
elementary level, or permission of instructor. L5, HU
* GREK 413a, Alcibiades and Socrates in Plato's Dialogues Brad Inwood
Introduction to the close reading, in Greek, of a platonic dialogue as both a literary
and a philosophical form, with a focus on the portrayals of Alcibiades and Socrates in
Plato's Alcibiades and Symposium. Debates about the comparison of Plato's characters
to the historical figures. How the characters and drama relate to the philosophy, and
how different dialogues are related to each other. Prerequisites: GREK 131 and 141 or
equivalents. A bridge course between L4 and other L5 courses. L5, HU
* GREK 443b, Homer's Iliad Pauline LeVen
Reading of selected books of the Iliad, with attention to Homeric language and style,
the Homeric view of heroes and gods, and the reception of Homer in antiquity. L5, HU
* GREK 455a, Athenian Law Courts Victor Bers
Rhetoric and law, procedural and substantive, in the Athenian courts of the fifth and
fourth centuries B.C. as seen in forensic speeches and discursive treatments, and as
satirized in Aristophanes' Wasps. L5
* GREK 471b, Plutarch's Lives Emily Greenwood
Close reading of selections from the Parallel Lives, including the lives of Pericles,
Alcibiades, and Nicias. Plutarch's reception and mediation of Greco-Roman historical
traditions; the nature and design of the Lives; ways in which genres such as biography,
history, and historical fiction influenced and were influenced by Plutarch's work. L5,
HU
Latin
LATN 110a, Beginning Latin: The Elements of Latin Grammar Staff
Introduction to Latin. Emphasis on morphology and syntax within a structured
program of readings and exercises. Prepares for LATN 120. No prior knowledge of
Latin assumed. Preregistration, which is required, takes place at the Academic Fair.
See the Calendar for the Opening Days or the departmental Web site for details about
preregistration. L1 RP 1 Course cr
LATN 120b, Beginning Latin: Review of Grammar and Selected Readings Staff
Continuation of LATN 110. Emphasis on consolidating grammar and on readings from
Latin authors. The sequence LATN 110, 120 prepares for 131 or 141. Prerequisite: LATN
110 or equivalent. L2 RP 1 Course cr
LATN 131a, Latin Prose: An Introduction Staff
Close reading of a major work of classical prose; review of grammar as needed. Counts
as L4 if taken after LATN 141 or equivalent. L3
LATN 141b, Latin Poetry: An Introduction Staff
The course is devoted to Vergil. Counts as L4 if taken after LATN 131 or equivalent. L3
198
* LATN 390b, Latin Syntax and Stylistics Joseph Solodow

A systematic review of syntax and an introduction to Latin style. Selections from
Latin prose authors are read and analyzed, and students compose short pieces of Latin
prose. For students with some experience reading Latin literature who desire a better
foundation in forms, syntax, idiom, and style. L5, HU
LATN 411a, Early Rome from Aeneas to Romulus Michael Zimm
Investigation of how the Romans imagined the founding of their nation and their city,
events to which they attached the highest importance yet about which they had little
information. Careful reading of both prose and verse by Vergil, Livy, Ovid, and others.
A bridge course between L4 and other L5 courses. L5, HU
* LATN 429a, The Roman World of the Plinys Andrew Johnston
The Roman world of the Flavian Age and the principate of Trajan (c. 70110 C.E.)
as seen through the writings of two of its public intellectuals, Pliny the Elder and
his nephew Pliny the Younger. The former's encyclopedic Natural History and the
latter's Letters and Panegyric. Politics, physical science, history, literature, zoology,
magic, patronage, art history, and slavery during the period. Prerequisite: LATN 131 or
equivalent. L5, HU
LATN 433b, Sallust Christina Kraus
An introduction to the works, style, and thought of Sallust. Close reading and
discussion of Sallust's two main works, the Bellum Catilinae and Bellum Jugurthinum,
with attention to language and style. Topics include historiography as a genre,
intertextuality, the Sallustian persona and style, ethnography, and characterization. L5,
HU
* LATN 464a, Ovid's Metamorphoses Joseph Solodow
An intensive introduction to the Metamorphoses, with particular attention to questions
of narrative, gender, politics, and literary history. L5
Classics
* CLSS 422a / PHIL 422a, Plato's Republic Verity Harte and Mary McCabe
Close reading and philosophical analysis of the whole of Plato's Republic. Readings in
translation. Prerequisites: PHIL 125 or DRST 003 or equivalent, and one additional
philosophy course. HU
* CLSS 430a, Medical Thought in Greek and Latin Literature Ann Hanson
Classical understandings of the human body and medical science as reflected in ancient
Greek and Roman epic, history, drama, and other literature. Medical concepts of the
body's functioning in sickness and health, from birth and growth to old age and death,
and their influence on literary accounts of human activity. Prerequisite: GREK 131 or
141, or LATN 131 or 141, or with permission of instructor. HU
* CLSS 490a and CLSS 491b, Two-Term Senior Essay for the Intensive Major in
Classics Staff
Qualified students may write a two-term senior essay in ancient literature or classical
archaeology under the guidance of a faculty adviser. A written statement of purpose
must be submitted to the director of undergraduate studies.
Classics
199
CLSS 492a or b, One-Term Senior Essay for the Intensive Major in Classics Staff
Qualified students may write a one-term senior essay in ancient literature or classical
archaeology under the guidance of a faculty adviser. A written statement of purpose
must be submitted to the director of undergraduate studies.
Classical Civilization
* CLCV 056b, Ancient Myth, Fiction, and Science Fiction Pauline LeVen
A survey of ancient Greek and Roman myths and an introduction to the prose fiction
and science fiction of 2500 years ago. Crucial questions asked by Greek and Roman
myths; how myths were an integral part of important ancient institutions; ways in
which myths, fiction, and science fiction represented the world and the notion of
"truth" in different ways. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see
under Freshman Seminar Program. WR, HU
* CLCV 057a / HIST 021a, The Age of Constantine Noel Lenski
The world of late antiquity explored through the pivotal figure of Constantine the
Great, Rome's first Christian ruler. Focus on the third and fourth centuries C.E.
Themes of politics, religion, society and economy, history of art and architecture,
warfare, administration, foreign policy, and multiculturalism. Enrollment limited to
* CLCV 059b / ARCG 020b / EVST 030b / HIST 020b / NELC 026b, Rivers and
* CLCV 113a / HUMS 434a / NELC 230a, Mesopotamia's Literary Legacy Kathryn
Slanski
Major works of ancient Near Eastern literature; relationships with literary traditions
in the Hebrew Bible and ancient Greece. Readings include myths, epics, wisdom
literature, love poetry, and humorous stories. HU
CLCV 115a, Classical Mythologies Kirk Freudenburg
An introduction to myths and their cultural context, with emphasis on Greek
mythology. The wider application of myth to human concerns such as creation, gender,
identity, and death. Methods of modern myth analysis applied to ancient, medieval, and
modern mythology. WR, HU
CLCV 125a / PHIL 125a, Introduction to Ancient Philosophy Brad Inwood
An introduction to ancient philosophy, beginning with the earliest pre-Socratics,
concentrating on Plato and Aristotle, and including a brief foray into Hellenistic
philosophy. Intended to be taken in conjunction with PHIL 126. HU
CLCV 161b / ARCG 161b / HSAR 247b, Art and Myth in Greek Antiquity Milette
Gaifman
200
Gallery. HU
CLCV 175a / ARCG 252a / HSAR 252a, Roman Architecture Diana Kleiner
CLCV 204b / HIST 300b, Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic World Joseph
Manning
The history and culture of the ancient world between the rise of Macedonian
imperialism in the fourth century B.C.E. and the annexation of Egypt by Augustus in
30 B.C.E. Particular attention to Alexander, one of the most important figures in world
history, and to the definition of "Hellenism." HU
CLCV 206a / HIST 217a, The Roman Republic Andrew Johnston
The origins, development, and expansion of Rome from the earliest times to the deaths
of Caesar and Cicero. Cultural identity and interaction; slavery, class, and the family;
politics, rhetoric, and propaganda; religion; imperialism; monumentality and memory;
and the perception and writing of history. Application of literary and archaeological
evidence. HU
CLCV 207b / HIST 218b, The Roman Empire Andrew Johnston
The history of the Roman Empire from its establishment by Augustus to the reign
of Justinian. Attention to social, intellectual, and religious changes, as well as to the
framework of historical events within which these changes took place, and to the
processes by which the Roman Empire was replaced by the institutions of the Western
Middle Ages and the Byzantine Empire. HU
* CLCV 216a / LITR 239a / MGRK 216a, Dionysus in Modernity George Syrimis
Modernity's fascination with the myth of Dionysus. Questions of agency, identity
and community, and psychological integrity and the modern constitution of the self.
Manifestations of Dionysus in literature, anthropology, and music; the ApollonianDionysiac dichotomy; twentieth-century variations of these themes in psychoanalysis,
surrealism, and magical realism. HU Tr
* CLCV 221b / LITR 166b, Imperialisms Ancient and Modern Christina Kraus
Works of Greek and Latin literature that address the material advantages furnished
by imperialism and the moral cost at which they are purchased. Comparison with
films, graphic novels, and art installations that engage with similar issues in relation
to modern empires. Current problems of globalization and imperialism situated in the
context of historical empires. HU
CLCV 234a / HIST 464a, Egypt and the Classical World in the First Millennium B.C.
Joseph Manning
The history of Egypt from the end of the pharaonic period through encounters with
the Greek, Persian, and Roman worlds. The unusual position of Egypt in the long
history of the Mediterranean; the transformation of Egyptian society during the
Classics
201
first millennium B.C., a time of momentous change across western Asia and the
Mediterranean world. HU
CLCV 236b / HIST 225b, Roman Law Noel Lenski
Basic principles of Roman law and their applications to the social and economic history
of antiquity and to the broader history of international law. Topics include the history
of persons and things, inheritance, crime and tort, and legal procedure. Questions of
social and economic history and the history of jurisprudence from the fifth century
B.C.E. to the present. HU
* CLCV 256a, Ancient Athenian Civilization Emily Greenwood
Introduction to the city of ancient Athens and its political institutions, culture, society,
and history from 510 to 323 B.C. Topics include politics, law, economics, intellectual
culture, drama and performance, sex and reproduction, immigration, warfare, and the
environment. The creation of political and cultural forms that continue to influence
contemporary debates. HU
CLCV 257b, Cultural Introduction to the Romans Noel Lenski
An introduction to ancient Roman culture. Focus on the ideals of elite identity and
on the lives that were lived on the margins of those ideals, by slaves, prostitutes,
freedmen, gladiators, foreigners, and the urban poor. Rome both as a city of grandeur
and pageantry and as a place of unthinkable cruelty and injustice. HU
* CLCV 319b / HIST 242Jb / MGRK 300b / WGSS 300b, The Olympic Games, Ancient
and Modern George Syrimis
Introduction to the history of the Olympic Games from antiquity to the present. The
mythology of athletic events in ancient Greece and the ritual, political, and social
ramifications of the actual competitions. The revival of the modern Olympic movement
in 1896, the political investment of the Greek state at the time, and specific games as
they illustrate the convergence of athletic cultures and sociopolitical transformations in
the twentieth century. HU
* CLCV 408a / HIST 288Ja, Athenian Imperial Democracy Donald Kagan
A history of Greece in the years between the Persian invasion and the Peloponnesian
War, with emphasis on Athens. HU
* CLCV 450a and CLCV 451b, Two-Term Senior Project for the Major in Classical
Civilization Pauline LeVen
Qualified students may write a two-term senior essay under the guidance of a faculty
adviser. An appropriate instructor is assigned to each student by the director of
undergraduate studies in consultation with the student. In the first term, selected
readings compensate for individual deficiencies and help the student achieve a balanced
overview. In the second term, students select a topic for research from any area of the
literature, history, culture, or philosophy of ancient Greece, Rome, or Hellenistic Egypt,
or a topic from the classical tradition.
* CLCV 452a or b, One-Term Senior Project for the Major in Classical Civilization
Pauline LeVen
A one-term senior project. Students select a topic for research from any area of the
literature, history, culture, or philosophy of ancient Greece, Rome, or Hellenistic Egypt,
or a topic from the classical tradition. An appropriate instructor is assigned to each
student by the director of undergraduate studies in consultation with the student.
202
* CLCV 494a or b, Independent Tutorial in Classical Civilization Pauline LeVen

For students who wish to pursue a specialized subject in classical civilization not
otherwise covered in courses. Students are expected to provide a detailed reading list
and a clear outline of their project early in the term. The work should result in a term
paper or examination. A limited number of these courses may be offered toward the
major. Readings in translation. Offered subject to faculty availability.
Graduate Courses of Interest to Undergraduates

Various graduate seminars are open to juniors and seniors with the qualifications
expected of graduate students, i.e., proficiency in the pertinent ancient and modern
languages. Descriptions of the courses are available from the director of undergraduate
studies. Permission is required of the instructor, the director of undergraduate studies,
and the director of graduate studies.
Cognitive Science
Director of undergraduate studies: Joshua Knobe, 102 C, 432-1699,
joshua.knobe@yale.edu; www.yale.edu/cogsci
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM IN COGNITIVE SCIENCE

Professors Woo-kyoung Ahn (Psychology), Stephen Anderson (Linguistics), Amy
Arnsten (School of Medicine), John Bargh (Psychology), Paul Bloom (Chair) (Psychology),
Hal Blumenfeld (School of Medicine), Marvin Chun (Psychology), Michael Della Rocca
(Philosophy), Ravi Dhar (School of Management), Julie Dorsey (Computer Science), Carol
Fowler (Adjunct) (Psychology), Robert Frank (Linguistics), David Gelernter (Computer
Science), Tamar Gendler (Philosophy), Laurence Horn (Emeritus) (Linguistics), Marcia
Johnson (Psychology), Dan Kahan (Law School), Frank Keil (Psychology, Linguistics),
Joshua Knobe (Philosophy), Daeyeol Lee (School of Medicine), Gregory McCarthy
(Psychology), Drew McDermott (Computer Science), Nathan Novemsky (School of
Management, Psychology), Rhea Paul (School of Medicine), Kevin Pelphrey (School of
Medicine), Kenneth Pugh (School of Medicine), Ian Quinn (Music), Holly Rushmeier
(Computer Science), Laurie Santos (Psychology), Brian Scassellati (Computer Science,
Mechanical Engineering), Brian Scholl (Psychology), Sun-Joo Shin (Philosophy), Zoltn
Szab (Philosophy), Fred Volkmar (School of Medicine), Xiao-Jing Wang (School of
Medicine), David Watts (Anthropology), Bruce Wexler (School of Medicine), Karen
Wynn (Psychology), Raffaella Zanuttini (Linguistics), Steven Zucker (Computer Science,
Biomedical Engineering)
Associate Professors Daylian Cain (School of Management), James Mazer (School of
Medicine), Maria Piango (Linguistics)
Assistant Professors Yarrow Dunham (Psychology), Hedy Kober (School of Medicine),
George Newman (School of Management), David Rand (Psychology), Gregory SamanezLarkin (Psychology)
Cognitive science explores the nature of cognitive processes such as perception,
reasoning, memory, attention, language, decision making, imagery, motor control, and
problem solving. The goal of cognitive science, stated simply, is to understand how
the mind works. Cognitive science is an inherently interdisciplinary endeavor, drawing
on tools and ideas from fields such as psychology, computer science, linguistics,
Cognitive Science
203
philosophy, economics, and neuroscience. Approaches include empirical studies of the

ontogenetic and phylogenetic development of cognitive abilities, experimental work
on cognitive processing in adults, attempts to understand perception and cognition
based on patterns of breakdown in pathology, computational and robotic research that
strives to simulate aspects of cognition and behavior, neuroscientific investigations
of the neural bases of cognition using neural recording and brain scanning, and the
development of philosophical theories of the nature of mind.
Introductory course An introductory survey course, CGSC 110, is normally taken by
the end of the fall term of the sophomore year and prior to admission to the major.
Requirements of the major Fourteen term courses, for a total of thirteen course
credits, are required for the major, including the introductory course and the senior
requirement. Each major program must include the elements described below. The
particular selection of courses must be approved by the director of undergraduate
studies in order to assure overall coherence. No course may be used to fulfill more than
one requirement for the major.
Breadth requirement A breadth requirement introduces students to the subfields of
cognitive science. Each major is required to take a course from four of the following six
areas:
1. Computer science: CPSC 201
2. Economics and decision making: ECON 159, PSYC 553
3. Linguistics: LING 110, 116, 117, 130, 232, 253
4. Neuroscience: CGSC 201, MCDB 320, PSYC 160, 270
5. Philosophy: PHIL 126, 181, 269, 270, 271
6. Psychology: PSYC 110, 140, 304
Depth requirement Students fulfill a depth requirement by completing six courses that
focus on a specific topic or area in cognitive science. The depth courses must be chosen
from at least two disciplines, and are typically drawn from the six cognitive science
subfields. It may be possible to draw depth courses from other fields when necessary
to explore the student's focal topic, in consultation with the director of undergraduate
studies. All six depth courses must be at the intermediate or advanced level; for most
disciplines, courses numbered 300 or above fulfill the requirement. With permission of
the director of undergraduate studies, up to two directed reading or research courses
may count toward the depth requirement.
Skills requirement Because formal techniques are fundamental to cognitive science,
one skills course is required, preferably prior to the senior year. Courses that fulfill
the skills requirement for the B.A. include CPSC 112, 202, LING 224, PSYC 200, and
270. Other courses may fulfill this requirement with permission of the director of
undergraduate studies. The skills requirement for the B.S. is fulfilled by PSYC 200 or
an equivalent course in statistics.
204
Junior colloquium In the junior year, students are required to take CGSC 395, a halfcredit colloquium in which majors discuss current issues and research in cognitive
science and select a senior essay topic.
Senior requirement In the senior year, students take CGSC 491, a half-credit capstone
course in which the senior essay is written. Students in the course meet regularly with
one another and with the faculty to discuss current work in cognitive science and their
own developing research projects.
B.S. degree The B.S. degree is typically awarded to students who conduct empirical
research as part of their senior requirement. This normally includes designing an
experiment and collecting and analyzing data.
B.A. degree The B.A. degree is typically awarded to students who conduct a
nonempirical senior essay. There are no restrictions on the research format for the B.A.
requirements of the major, except with permission of the director of undergraduate
studies.
Application to the major Students may apply to enter the major at any point after the
freshman year. Applications must be made in writing to the director of undergraduate
studies. Applications must include (a) an official or unofficial transcript of work at
Yale, (b) a brief statement of purpose, which indicates academic interests and expected
focus within the areas of the Cognitive Science major, and (c) a list of the six upperlevel courses that the student plans to take as part of the research focus. Application
forms and answers to frequently asked questions are available on the program's Web
site (http://www.yale.edu/cogsci/info_undergrad.html).

Prerequisite CGSC 110
Number of courses 14 term courses, for a total of 13 course credits (incl prereq and
senior req)
Specific course required CGSC 395
Distribution of courses 1 course each in 4 of 6 subfields, as specified; 6 courses in a
specific topic or area, as specified; 1 skills course, as specified
Senior requirement B.S.Empirical research and senior essay in CGSC 491; B.A.
Nonempirical senior essay in CGSC 491
CGSC 110a / PSYC 130a, Introduction to Cognitive Science April Ruiz
An introduction to the interdisciplinary study of how the mind works. Discussion of
tools, theories, and assumptions from psychology, computer science, neuroscience,
linguistics, and philosophy. SO
CGSC 135a / HIST 118a / HSHM 216a / PSYC 135a, Minds and Brains in America
Henry Cowles
A survey of the science and medicine of mind and brain in America since 1800. Madness
and the asylum; phrenology and psychoanalysis; psychology in politics, law, and
advertising; the rise of the "neuro- " disciplines; mental health in public life. Texts from
Cognitive Science
205
fields such as neurology, physiology, psychology, psychiatry, and philosophy. May not
be taken after HSHM 409. WR, HU
CGSC 216b / LING 116b, Cognitive Science of Language Robert Frank
The study of language from the perspective of cognitive science. Exploration of
mental structures that underlie the human ability to learn and process language,
drawing on studies of normal and atypical language development and processing,
brain imaging, neuropsychology, and computational modeling. Innate linguistic
structure vs. determination by experience and culture; the relation between linguistic
and nonlinguistic cognition in the domains of decision making, social cognition, and
musical cognition; the degree to which language shapes perceptions of color, number,
space, and gender. SO
Advanced Courses
CGSC 304a / PSYC 304a, The Mental Lives of Babies and Animals Karen Wynn
Interdisciplinary exploration of the cognitive, social, and emotional capacities of
creatures lacking language and culture. The extent to which our complex psychology
is unique to mature humans; the relative richness of a mental life without language or
culture. Some attention to particular human populations such as children with autism
and adults with language disorders. SO
* CGSC 313b / PHIL 305b / PSYC 313b, Philosophy for Psychologists Joshua Knobe
Introduction to frameworks developed within philosophy that have applications
in psychological research. Principal topics include the self, causation, free will, and
morality. Recommended preparation: a course in philosophy or psychology. HU, SO
* CGSC 390a, Junior Seminar in Cognitive Science Mark Sheskin
Discussion of historically important papers in cognitive science. Topics are varied and
reflect student interests. Some attention to planning for the senior project. Intended for
juniors in the Cognitive Science major.
* CGSC 413b / PSYC 413b, Mind, Brain, and Society Marvin Chun
Recent advances in modern neuroscience as they inform or complicate issues in society.
Views from disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, economics, political science,
law, and religion. SO
* CGSC 426a / PHIL 426a / PSYC 422a, The Cognitive Science of Morality Joshua
Knobe
Introduction to the emerging field of moral cognition. Focus on questions about the
philosophical significance of psychological findings. Topics include the role of emotion
in moral judgment; the significance of character traits in virtue ethics and personality
psychology; the reliability of intuitions and the psychological processes that underlie
them. HU
Courses for Majors

* CGSC 395b, Junior Colloquium in Cognitive Science Mark Sheskin
Survey of contemporary issues and current research in cognitive science. By the end
of the term, students select a research topic for the senior essay. Enrollment limited to
Cognitive Science majors. Course cr
206
* CGSC 471a and CGSC 472b, Directed Research in Cognitive Science Joshua Knobe
Research projects for qualified students. The student must be supervised by a member
of the Cognitive Science faculty, who sets the requirements and directs the research. To
register, a student must submit a written plan of study to the director of undergraduate
studies and the faculty supervisor. The normal minimum requirement is a written
report of the completed research, but individual faculty members may set alternative
equivalent requirements. Only one term may be offered toward the major, with
permission of the director of undergraduate studies; two terms may be offered toward
the bachelor's degree.
* CGSC 473a and CGSC 474b, Directed Reading in Cognitive Science Joshua Knobe
Individual study for qualified students who wish to investigate an area of cognitive
science not covered in regular courses. The student must be supervised by a member
of the Cognitive Science faculty, who sets the requirements and meets regularly with
the student. To register, a student must submit a written plan of study to the director of
undergraduate studies and the faculty supervisor. The normal minimum requirement
is a term paper, but individual faculty members may set alternative equivalent
requirements. Only one term may be offered toward the major, with permission of the
director of undergraduate studies; two terms may be offered toward the bachelor's
degree.
* CGSC 491b, Senior Project Mark Sheskin
A research colloquium leading to the completion of the senior essay. Students attend
regular colloquium presentations. Enrollment limited to Cognitive Science majors.
Course cr
Related Courses That May Count toward the Major

* CHLD 350a or b / PSYC 350a or b, Autism and Related Disorders Staff
SO
CPSC 112b, Introduction to Programming Y. Richard Yang
Development on the computer of programming skills, problem-solving methods, and
selected applications. No previous experience with computers necessary. QR
CPSC 201a or b, Introduction to Computer Science Stephen Slade
Introduction to the concepts, techniques, and applications of computer science. Topics
include computer systems (the design of computers and their languages); theoretical
foundations of computing (computability, complexity, algorithm design); and artificial
intelligence (the organization of knowledge and its representation for efficient search).
Examples stress the importance of different problem-solving methods. After CPSC 112
or equivalent. QR
Math: Stat/Applied Math
Cognitive Science
207
CPSC 202a, Mathematical Tools for Computer Science Dana Angluin

Introduction to formal methods for reasoning and to mathematical techniques basic to
computer science. Topics include propositional logic, discrete mathematics, and linear
algebra. Emphasis on applications to computer science: recurrences, sorting, graph
traversal, Gaussian elimination. QR
CPSC 470a, Artificial Intelligence Drew McDermott
Introduction to artificial intelligence research, focusing on reasoning and perception.
Topics include knowledge representation, predicate calculus, temporal reasoning,
vision, robotics, planning, and learning. After CPSC 201 and 202. QR
[ CPSC 471, Advanced Topics in Artificial Intelligence ]
ECON 159b, Game Theory Barry Nalebuff
An introduction to game theory and strategic thinking. Ideas such as dominance,
backward induction, Nash equilibrium, evolutionary stability, commitment, credibility,
asymmetric information, adverse selection, and signaling are applied to games played in
class and to examples drawn from economics, politics, the movies, and elsewhere. After
introductory microeconomics. No prior knowledge of game theory assumed. QR, SO
LING 110a, Language: Introduction to Linguistics Jim Wood
The goals and methods of linguistics. Basic concepts in phonology, morphology,
syntax, and semantics. Techniques of linguistic analysis and construction of linguistic
models. Trends in modern linguistics. The relation of linguistics to psychology, logic,
and other disciplines. SO
LING 117a / PSYC 137a, Language and Mind Maria Piango
Knowledge of language as a component of the mind: mental grammars, the nature and
subdivisions of linguistic knowledge in connection with the brain. The logical problem
of language acquisition. The "universal grammar hypothesis" according to which all
humans have an innate ability to acquire language. The connection between language
acquisition and general cognitive abilities. SO
[ LING 130, Evolution of Language ]
LING 220b / PSYC 318b, General Phonetics Ryan Bennett
Investigation of possible ways to describe the speech sounds of human languages.
Acoustics and physiology of speech; computer synthesis of speech; practical exercises in
producing and transcribing sounds. SO
* LING 224a, Formal Foundations of Linguistic Theories Staff
Study of formal systems that play an important role in the scientific study of language.
Exploration of a range of mathematical structures and techniques; demonstrations of
their application in theories of grammatical competence and performance including
set theory, graphs and discrete structures, algebras, formal language, and automata
theory. Evaluation of strengths and weaknesses of existing formal theories of linguistic
knowledge. QR, SO
LING 227b / PSYC 327b, Language and Computation Staff
Design and analysis of computational models of language. Topics include finite state
tools, computational morphology and phonology, grammar and parsing, lexical
semantics, and the use of linguistic models in applied problems. Prerequisite: Prior
programming experience or permission of instructor. QR, SO
208
LING 231b / PSYC 331b, Neurolinguistics Maria Piango

The study of language as a cognitive neuroscience. The interaction between linguistic
theory and neurological evidence from brain damage, degenerative diseases (e.g.,
Alzheimer's disease), mental illness (e.g., schizophrenia), neuroimaging, and
neurophysiology. The connection of language as a neurocognitive system to other
systems such as memory and music. SO
LING 232a, Introduction to Phonological Analysis Ryan Bennett
The structure of sound systems in particular languages. Phonemic and
morphophonemic analysis, distinctive-feature theory, formulation of rules, and
problems of rule interpretation. Emphasis on problem solving. Prerequisite: LING 220,
or a grade of B or above in LING 110. (Formerly LING 132) SO
* LING 235b, Phonological Theory Staff
Topics in the architecture of a theory of sound structure. Motivations for replacing
a system of ordered rules with a system of ranked constraints. Optimality theory:
universals, violability, constraint types and their interactions. Interaction of phonology
and morphology, as well as the relationship of phonological theory to language
acquisition and learnability. Opacity, lexical phonology, and serial versions of optimality
theory. Prerequisite: LING 232 or permission of instructor. SO RP
LING 253a, Syntax I Raffaella Zanuttini
An introduction to the syntax of natural language. Generative syntactic theory and
key theoretical concepts. Syntactic description and argumentation. Topics include
the structure of clauses and noun phrases, movement operations, and the notion of
parameter. (Formerly LING 153) SO
LING 254b, Syntax II Robert Frank
Recent developments in the principles and parameters approach to syntactic theory.
In-depth exploration of theoretical and empirical issues in long-distance dependencies
(island effects, dependency types, movement vs. binding), the character of syntactic
structure (constituency, thematic mapping, functional categories), and the architecture
of grammatical derivations (logical form, operations for structure building, anaphora).
Prerequisite: LING 253. SO
LING 263a, Semantics Ashwini Deo
Introduction to truth-conditional compositional semantics. Set theory, first- and
higher-order logic, and the lambda calculus as they relate to the study of natural
language meaning. Some attention to analyzing the meanings of tense/aspect markers,
adverbs, and modals. QR, SO
* LING 280b, Morphology Stephen Anderson
The theory of word structure within a formal grammar. Relation to other areas of
grammar (syntax, phonology); basic units of word structure; types of morphology
(inflection, derivation, compounding). Prerequisites: LING 232 and 253, or permission
of instructor. SO
MCDB 320a, Neurobiology Haig Keshishian and Paul Forscher
The excitability of the nerve cell membrane as a starting point for the study of
molecular, cellular, and systems-level mechanisms underlying the generation and
control of behavior. After a year of college-level chemistry; a course in physics is
strongly recommended. SC
Cognitive Science
209
PHIL 126b, Introduction to Modern Philosophy from Descartes to Kant Kenneth

Winkler
An introduction to major figures in the history of modern philosophy, with critical
reading of works by Descartes, Malabranche, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume,
and Kant. Intended to be taken in conjunction with PHIL 125, although PHIL 125 is not
a prerequisite. HU
PHIL 267a, Mathematical Logic Sun-Joo Shin
An introduction to the metatheory of first-order logic, up to and including the
completeness theorem for the first-order calculus. Introduction to the basic concepts of
set theory. Prerequisite: PHIL 115 or permission of instructor. QR
Math: Logic/Foundations
PHIL 270a, Epistemology Keith DeRose
Introduction to current topics in the theory of knowledge. The analysis of knowledge,
justified belief, rationality, certainty, and evidence. HU
PSYC 110a or b, Introduction to Psychology Staff
A survey of major psychological approaches to the biological, cognitive, and social bases
of behavior. SO
PSYC 140a, Developmental Psychology Frank Keil
An introduction to research and theory on the development of perception, action,
emotion, personality, language, and cognition from a cognitive science perspective.
Focus on birth to adolescence in humans and other species. Prerequisite: PSYC 110. SO
Psychology: Core
Psychology: Social Science
PSYC 150a, Social Psychology John Bargh
Study of social cognition, attitudes and persuasion, group processes, intergroup
processes, prosocial behavior, aggression, and conformity. Theories, methodology, and
applications of social psychology. Prerequisite: PSYC 110. SO
Psychology: Core
PSYC 160a, The Human Brain Gregory McCarthy
Introduction to the neural bases of human psychological function, including social,
cognitive, and affective processing. Preparation for more advanced courses in cognitive
and social neuroscience. Topics include memory, reward processing, neuroeconomics,
individual differences, emotion, social inferences, and clinical disorders. Neuroanatomy,
neurophysiology, and neuropharmacology are also introduced. SC
Psychology: Natural Science
Psychology: Core
PSYC 200b, Statistics Gregory Samanez-Larkin
Measures of central tendency, variability, association, and the application of probability
concepts in determining the significance of research findings. QR
* PSYC 270b, Research Methods in Behavioral Neuroscience Nelson Donegan
Laboratory course in which students design and conduct research to study brain
function and behavior. Emphasis on hands-on participation in behavioral and
neuroscience techniques. Prerequisites: PSYC 160 or 170, and a course in statistics, or
with permission of instructor. SC
210
Psychology: ResearchMethods
* PSYC 479b, Thinking Woo-kyoung Ahn
A survey of psychological studies on thinking and reasoning, with discussion of ways to
improve thinking skills. Topics include judgments and decision making, counterfactual
reasoning, causal learning, inductive inferences, analogical reasoning, problem solving,
critical thinking, and creativity. First class meeting to be held during course selection
period at a time determined by admitted students. See the syllabus on Classes*v2
(http://classesv2.yale.edu) for application information. SO
College Seminars
Residential college seminars for the fall and spring terms are described on the college
seminar program's Web site (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/academics/special-academicprograms/residential-college-seminar-program). The online listings contain course
titles, descriptions, and prerequisites. Course syllabi are available on Classes*v2 (http://
classesv2.yale.edu).
Students apply to college seminars before classes begin through an online tool on
the program's Web site (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/academics/special-academicprograms/residential-college-seminar-program/application-information) or through a
link in the online course description. Students may apply to a maximum of two college
seminars in a given term; choices are not ranked by order of preference. Students may
enroll in no more than one college seminar per term and may enroll in no more than
four total during their time at Yale. Auditing is not permitted in college seminars.
Computer Science
Director of undergraduate studies: Zhong Shao, 314 AKW, 432-6828,
zhong.shao@yale.edu [F]; James Aspnes, 401 AKW, 432-1232, james.aspnes@yale.edu
[Sp]; cpsc.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

Professors Dana Angluin, James Aspnes, Dirk Bergemann, Ronald Coifman,
Julie Dorsey, Stanley Eisenstat, Joan Feigenbaum (Chair), Michael Fischer, David
Gelernter, Mark Gerstein, Drew McDermott, Vladimir Rokhlin, Holly Rushmeier,
Brian Scassellati, Martin Schultz (Emeritus), Zhong Shao, Avi Silberschatz, Daniel
Spielman, Y. Richard Yang, Steven Zucker
Associate Professors Daniel Abadi, Mahesh Balakrishnan
Assistant Professors Wenjun Hu, Amin Karbasi, Eric Koskinen (Visiting),
Sahand Negahban, Ruzica Piskac, Mariana Raykova, Frederick Shic, Jakub Szefer
Senior Lecturer Stephen Slade
Lecturers Jason Hirschhorn, Kyle Jensen, Donya Quick, Brad Rosen, Ewa Syta,
Xiyin Tang, Katherine Tsui
Computer Science
211
The Department of Computer Science offers both B.S. and B.A. degree programs,
as well as three combined majors in cooperation with other departments: Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science (p. 273), Computer Science and Mathematics
(p. 219), and Computer Science and Psychology (p. 220). Each major program
not only provides a solid technical education but also allows students either to take a
broad range of courses in other disciplines or to complete the requirements of a second
major.
The Computer Science and combined major programs share a common core of
five computer science courses. The first is CPSC 201, a survey that demonstrates
the breadth and depth of the field to students who have taken the equivalent of
an introductory programming course. The remaining core courses cover discrete
mathematics, data structures, systems programming and computer architecture, and
algorithm analysis and design. Together these courses include the material that every
major should know.
The core courses are supplemented by electives (and, for the combined majors, core
courses in the other discipline) that offer great flexibility in tailoring a program to
each student's interests. The capstone is the senior project, through which students
experience the challenges and rewards of original research under the guidance of a
faculty mentor.
Prospective majors are encouraged to discuss their programs with the director of
Introductory courses The department offers a broad range of introductory courses to
meet the needs of students with varying backgrounds and interests. With the exception
of CPSC 201, none assumes previous knowledge of computers.
1. CPSC 100, taught jointly with Harvard University, teaches students majoring in any
subject area how to program a computer and solve problems. No prior experience is
required.
2. CPSC 112 teaches students majoring in any subject area how to program a computer
and solve problems using the language Java. Students with previous programming
experience should consider taking CPSC 201 instead.
3. CPSC 150 explores how some of the key ideas in computer science have affected
philosophy of mind, cognitivism, connectionism, and related areas. This
humanities-style course has significant readings and a paper, and satisfies the
writing or the humanities and arts distributional requirement.
4. CPSC 151 studies the history of the graphical user interface in an attempt to guess
its future. This course also satisfies the writing distributional requirement.
5. CPSC 183 explores the myriad ways that law and technology intersect, with a
special focus on the role of cyberspace. This course satisfies the social science
distributional requirement.
6. CPSC 201 surveys the field of computer science, including systems (computers
and their languages) and theory (algorithms, complexity, and computability).
Students with sufficient programming experience may elect CPSC 201 without
taking CPSC 112. (These courses meet at the same time so that students are easily
able to change levels if necessary.)
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7. CPSC 202 presents the formal methods of reasoning and the concepts of discrete
mathematics and linear algebra used in computer science and related disciplines.
Requirements of the major The B.S. and the B.A. degree programs have the same
required core courses: CPSC 201; CPSC 202 or MATH 244; CPSC 223, 323, 365, and
490. The B.S. degree program requires six additional intermediate or advanced courses
in Computer Science, for a total of twelve; the B.A. degree program, four, for a total of
ten. CPSC 480 and 490 may not be counted toward these electives. All courses in the
major must be taken for a letter grade.
Students majoring in Computer Science are advised to complete CPSC 201 and 223 by
the end of the sophomore year.
For students who already know how to program, typical B.S. programs starting in the
freshman and sophomore years are:
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
CPSC 201a
CPSC 202a
Two electives
CPSC 490a
Two electives
One elective
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
CPSC 201a
CPSC 323a
CPSC 490a
CPSC 202a
One elective
Two electives
CPSC 223b
CPSC 365b
Two electives
CPSC 323a
CPSC 223b
CPSC 365b
One elective
and
Two electives
For typical B.A. programs, two of the electives would be omitted.

Electives The Computer Science department encourages interdisciplinary study in
which computer science plays a major role. Advanced courses in other departments
that involve concepts from computer science and are relevant to an individual program
may, with permission of the director of undergraduate studies, be counted toward the
requirements.
Students considering graduate study in computer science are advised to take CPSC 421
and 422, as well as courses covering the breadth of computer science, including
programming languages and systems, artificial intelligence, scientific computing, and
theoretical computer science.
Students interested in using computers to solve scientific and engineering problems
are advised to take CPSC 440 as well as computational courses offered in Applied
Mathematics (p. 129) and in Engineering and Applied Science (p. 276).
The core mathematical background necessary to complete the Computer Science major
is provided in CPSC 202. However, many advanced courses in graphics, computer
vision, neural networks, and numerical analysis assume additional knowledge of linear
algebra and calculus. Students who plan to take such courses as electives and who are
Computer Science
213
unsure whether they have the appropriate mathematical background are encouraged to
take MATH 222 or 225 and MATH 120.
Senior requirement In the senior year students must take CPSC 490, an independent
project course in which students select an adviser to guide them in research in a
subfield of computer science. With permission of the director of undergraduate studies,
students may enroll in 490 more than once or before their senior year.
Schedule approval All Computer Science majors in the sophomore, junior, and senior
years should have their programs approved by the director of undergraduate studies.
Combined B.S./M.S. degree program in Computer Science Exceptionally able and
well-prepared students may complete a course of study leading to the simultaneous
award of the B.S. and M.S. degrees after eight terms of enrollment. Eligibility
requirements are described under "Simultaneous Award of the Bachelor's and Master's
Degrees" in Section K, Special Arrangements (p. 65), in the Academic Regulations.
Specific requirements for the combined degree in Computer Science are as follows:
1. Candidates must satisfy the Yale College requirements for the B.S. degree in
Computer Science.
2. In fulfilling these requirements, students must complete eight graduate courses
from the approved list, up to two of which may, with the permission of the director
of undergraduate studies and the director of graduate studies, also be applied
toward completion of the B.S. degree. At most one of these eight courses may be
CPSC 690, 691, or 692.
3. At the end of their fifth term of enrollment students must have achieved at least
three-fourths A or A grades in all of their course credits directly relating to the
major.

Prerequisites None
Number of courses B.S.12 term courses taken for letter grades (incl senior project);
B.A.10 term courses taken for letter grades (incl senior project)
Specific courses required B.S. and B.A.CPSC 201; CPSC 202 or MATH 244;
CPSC 223, 323, 365
Distribution of courses B.S.6 addtl intermediate or advanced Comp Sci courses;
B.A.four addtl intermediate or advanced Comp Sci courses
Substitution permitted Advanced courses in other depts, with DUS permission
Senior requirement Senior project (CPSC 490)
* CPSC 079b, Digital Photorealism Julie Dorsey
Basic methods used to define shapes, materials, and lighting when creating computergenerated images. Mathematical models for shape, texture models, and lighting
techniques. Principles are applied through the use of modeling/rendering/animation
software. Proficiency in high schoollevel mathematics is assumed. No previous
programming experience necessary. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration
required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. QR
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CPSC 100a, Introduction to Computing and Programming Brian Scassellati

Introduction to the intellectual enterprises of computer science and to the art of
programming, with attention to algorithmic thinking and efficient problem solving.
Topics include abstraction, algorithms, data structures, encapsulation, resource
management, security, software engineering, and Web development. Programming in
the languages C, PHP, and JavaScript, as well as SQL, CSS, and HTML. Applications
in biology, cryptography, finance, forensics, and gaming. Students view course lectures
on line; class time focuses on discussion of course material. No previous programming
experience required. Open to students of all levels and majors. QR
CPSC 112b, Introduction to Programming Y. Richard Yang
Development on the computer of programming skills, problem-solving methods, and
selected applications. No previous experience with computers necessary. QR
CPSC 113b, Programming and Entrepreneurship Kyle Jensen
Techniques for advanced software development, management, and entrepreneurship
that are used to build software start-up companies. Prerequisite: CPSC 100 or 112 or
equivalent programming experience.
CPSC 134a / MUSI 372a, Programming Musical Applications Donya Quick
Topics in computer music, including musical representations for computing, automated
music analysis and composition, interactive systems, and virtual instrument design. Use
of domain-specific programming languages and libraries to explore how the principles
of computer science can be applied to music to create new interfaces, instruments, and
tools. Recommended preparation: the ability to read music or play an instrument. QR
* CPSC 150a, Computer Science and the Modern Intellectual Agenda David
Gelernter
Introduction to the basic ideas of computer science (computability, algorithm, virtual
machine, symbol processing system), and of several ongoing relationships between
computer science and other fields, particularly philosophy of mind. No previous
experience with computers necessary. Enrollment limited to 25. WR, HU
CPSC 183a, Law, Technology, and Culture Brad Rosen
An exploration of the myriad ways in which law and technology intersect, with a special
focus on the role of cyberspace. Topics include digital copyright, free speech, privacy
and anonymity, information security, innovation, online communities, the impact of
technology on society, and emerging trends. No previous experience with computers or
law necessary. SO
* CPSC 184a or b, Intellectual Property in the Digital Age Xiyin Tang
The evolving and oftentimes vexing intellectual property regime of the new digital
age. Focus on copyright, fair use, remix culture, access to knowledge, technological
innovations, the increasing relevance of trademarks in the new information society,
the tension between creativity/creating and the intellectual property rules which either
foster or inhibit it, and the new information culture of the digital age. Prerequisite:
CPSC 183 or permission of instructor. HU, SO
* CPSC 185b, Control, Privacy, and Technology Brad Rosen
The evolution of various legal doctrines with and around technological development.
Topics include criminal law, privacy, search and seizure, digital rights, and the
Computer Science
215
implications of technologically permitted methods of control on the law. Special

attention to case law and policy. After CPSC 183. WR, SO
CPSC 200b, Introduction to Information Systems Stephen Slade
The real-world artifacts and implementations that comprise the vital computational
organisms that populate our world. Hardware and software and the related issues
of security, privacy, regulation, and software engineering. Examples stress practical
applications of technology, as well as limitations and societal issues. After CPSC 100 or
112 or equivalent.
or equivalent. QR
CPSC 202a, Mathematical Tools for Computer Science Dana Angluin
Introduction to formal methods for reasoning and to mathematical techniques basic to
computer science. Topics include propositional logic, discrete mathematics, and linear
algebra. Emphasis on applications to computer science: recurrences, sorting, graph
traversal, Gaussian elimination. QR
CPSC 223b, Data Structures and Programming Techniques Stanley Eisenstat
Topics include programming in C; data structures (arrays, stacks, queues, lists, trees,
heaps, graphs); sorting and searching; storage allocation and management; data
abstraction; programming style; testing and debugging; writing efficient programs.
After CPSC 201 or equivalent. QR RP
CPSC 257b, Information Security in the Real World Ewa Syta
Introduction to information security, the practice of protecting information from
unauthorized actions, in the context of computer systems. Topics include current
security-related issues, basic adversarial models and threats to computer systems,
potential defenses, security tools, and common security breaches and their wider
impacts. Prerequisite: CPSC 100, 112, or equivalent programming experience, or with
permission of instructor. QR
* CPSC 290a or b, Directed Research Staff
Individual research. Requires a faculty supervisor and the permission of the director of
undergraduate studies. May be taken more than once for credit.
MATH 244a / AMTH 244a, Discrete Mathematics Asaf Ferber
Math: Algebra/Number Theory
216
CPSC 323a, Introduction to Systems Programming and Computer Organization
Stanley Eisenstat
Machine architecture and computer organization, systems programming in a high-level
language, issues in operating systems, software engineering, prototyping in scripting
languages. After CPSC 223. QR RP
CPSC 365b, Design and Analysis of Algorithms Daniel Spielman
Paradigms for problem solving: divide and conquer, recursion, greedy algorithms,
dynamic programming, randomized and probabilistic algorithms. Techniques for
analyzing the efficiency of algorithms and designing efficient algorithms and data
structures. Algorithms for graph theoretic problems, network flows, and numerical
linear algebra. Provides algorithmic background essential to further study of computer
science. After CPSC 202 and 223. QR
Advanced Courses
CPSC 422a, Design and Implementation of Operating Systems Zhong Shao
The design and implementation of operating systems. Topics include synchronization,
deadlock, process management, storage management, file systems, security, protection,
and networking. After CPSC 323. QR
* CPSC 423b, Principles of Operating Systems Abraham Silberschatz
A survey of the underlying principles of modern operating systems. Topics include
process management, memory management, storage management, protection and
security, distributed systems, and virtual machines. Emphasis on fundamental concepts
rather than implementation. After CPSC 323.
CPSC 424b, Parallel Programming Techniques Andrew Sherman
Practical introduction to parallel programming, emphasizing techniques and algorithms
suitable for scientific and engineering computations. Aspects of processor and machine
architecture. Techniques such as multithreading, message passing, and data parallel
computing using graphics processing units. Performance measurement, tuning, and
debugging of parallel programs. Parallel file systems and I/O. After CPSC 223 and
MATH 222 or 225, or equivalents. QR
[ CPSC 426, Building Decentralized Systems ]
CPSC 427b, Object-Oriented Programming Michael Fischer
Object-oriented programming as a means to efficient, reliable, modular, reusable code.
Use of classes, derivation, templates, name-hiding, exceptions, polymorphic functions,
and other features of C++. After CPSC 223. QR
[ CPSC 430, Formal Semantics ]
CPSC 432b, Computer Music: Sound Representation and Synthesis Donya Quick
Study of the theoretical and practical fundamentals of computer-generated music,
with a focus on low-level sound representation, acoustics and sound synthesis, scales
and tuning systems, and programming languages for computer music generation.
Theoretical concepts are supplemented with pragmatic issues expressed in a high-level
programming language. Ability to read music is assumed. After CPSC 202 and 223. QR
Computer Science
217
CPSC 433b, Computer Networks Y. Richard Yang

An introduction to the design, implementation, analysis, and evaluation of computer
networks and their protocols. Topics include layered network architectures,
applications, transport, congestion, routing, data link protocols, local area networks,
performance analysis, multimedia networking, network security, and network
management. Emphasis on protocols used in the Internet. After CPSC 323. QR
[ CPSC 434, Mobile Computing and Wireless Networking ]
[ CPSC 435, Internet-Scale Applications ]
[ CPSC 436, Networked Embedded Systems and Sensor Networks ]
CPSC 437a, Introduction to Databases Abraham Silberschatz
Introduction to database systems. Data modeling. The relational model and the
SQL query language. Relational database design, integrity constraints, functional
dependencies, and normal forms. Object-oriented databases. Database data structures:
files, B-trees, hash indexes. After CPSC 202 and 223. QR
CPSC 438b, Database System Implementation and Architectures Daniel Abadi
A study of systems programming techniques, with a focus on database systems. In
the first half of the term, students analyze the design of a traditional DBMS and
build components of a DBMS prototype, e.g., a catalog-manager, a buffer-manager,
and a query execution engine. In the second half, students examine nontraditional
architectures such as parallel databases, data warehouses, stream databases, and Web
databases. After or concurrently with CPSC 202 and 323. QR
CPSC 439b, Software Engineering Ruzica Piskac
Introduction to fundamental concepts in software engineering and to the development
and maintenance of large, robust software systems. The process of collecting
requirements and writing specifications; project planning and system design; methods
for increasing software reliability, including delta debugging and automatic test-case
generation; type systems, static analysis, and model checking. Students build software
in teams. After CPSC 323. QR RP
CPSC 440b, Numerical Computation Vladimir Rokhlin
Algorithms for numerical problems in the physical, biological, and social sciences:
solution of linear and nonlinear systems of equations, interpolation and approximation
of functions, numerical differentiation and integration, optimization. After CPSC 112 or
an equivalent introductory programming course; MATH 120; and MATH 222 or 225 or
CPSC 202. QR
CPSC 445a, Introduction to Data Mining Vladimir Rokhlin
A study of algorithms and systems that allow computers to find patterns and
regularities in databases, to perform prediction and forecasting, and to improve their
performance generally through interaction with data. After CPSC 202, 223, and MATH
222, or equivalents. QR
* CPSC 451b, The User Interface David Gelernter
The user interface (UI) in the context of modern design, where tech has been a strong
and consistent influence from the Bauhaus and U.S. industrial design of the 1920s
and 1930s through the IBM-Eames design project of the 1950s to 1970s. The UI in the
context of the windows-menus-mouse desktop, as developed by Alan Kay and Xerox in
218
the 1970s and refined by Apple in the early 1980s. Students develop a detailed design
and simple implementation for a UI. Prerequisite: CPSC 223 or equivalent. QR, SC
CPSC 454a, Software Analysis and Verification Ruzica Piskac
Introduction to concepts, tools, and techniques used in the formal verification of
software. State-of-the art tools used for program verification; detailed insights into
algorithms and paradigms on which those tools are based, including model checking,
abstract interpretation, decision procedures, and SMT solvers. After CPSC 202 and 323
or equivalents. RP
[ CPSC 455, Economics and Computation ]
* CPSC 457b, Sensitive Information in a Connected World Ewa Syta
Issues of ownership, control, privacy, and accuracy of the huge amount of sensitive
information about people and organizations that is collected, stored, and used by
today's ubiquitous information systems. Readings consist of research papers that
explore both the power and the limitations of existing privacy-enhancing technologies
such as encryption and "trusted platforms." After or concurrently with CPSC 365 and
467. QR
CPSC 458a, Automated Decision Systems Stephen Slade
The spectrum of automated decision models and tools, with a focus on their costs and
effectiveness. Examples from a variety of fields, including finance, risk management,
robotics, medicine, and politics. After CPSC 201 and 223 or equivalents. QR
[ CPSC 462, Graphs and Networks ]
CPSC 465b, Theory of Distributed Systems James Aspnes
Models of asynchronous distributed computing systems. Fundamental concepts of
concurrency and synchronization, communication, reliability, topological and geometric
constraints, time and space complexity, and distributed algorithms. After CPSC 323 and
365. QR
CPSC 467a, Cryptography and Computer Security Michael Fischer
A survey of such private and public key cryptographic techniques as DES, RSA, and
zero-knowledge proofs, and their application to problems of maintaining privacy and
security in computer networks. Focus on technology, with consideration of such societal
issues as balancing individual privacy concerns against the needs of law enforcement,
vulnerability of societal institutions to electronic attack, export regulations and
international competitiveness, and development of secure information systems. Some
programming may be required. After CPSC 202 and 223. QR
CPSC 468b, Computational Complexity Joan Feigenbaum
Introduction to the theory of computational complexity. Basic complexity classes,
including polynomial time, nondeterministic polynomial time, probabilistic polynomial
time, polynomial space, logarithmic space, and nondeterministic logarithmic space. The
roles of reductions, completeness, randomness, and interaction in the formal study of
computation. After CPSC 365 or with permission of instructor. QR
Computer Science and Mathematics
219
[ CPSC 469, Randomized Algorithms ]

[ CPSC 471, Advanced Topics in Artificial Intelligence ]
CPSC 472a, Intelligent Robotics Katherine Tsui
Introduction to the construction of intelligent, autonomous systems. Sensory-motor
coordination and task-based perception. Implementation techniques for behavior
selection and arbitration, including behavior-based design, evolutionary design,
dynamical systems, and hybrid deliberative-reactive systems. Situated learning and
adaptive behavior. After CPSC 201 and 202 or equivalents. May not be taken after CPSC
473.
* CPSC 473b, Intelligent Robotics Laboratory Brian Scassellati
Students work in small teams to construct novel research projects using one of a variety
of robot architectures. Project topics may include human-robot interaction, adaptive
intelligent behavior, active perception, humanoid robotics, and socially assistive
robotics. Enrollment limited to 20. After CPSC 472.
CPSC 475a / BENG 475a / EENG 475a, Computational Vision and Biological
physiology students. After CPSC 112 and MATH 120, or with permission of instructor.
QR, SC RP
CPSC 478a, Computer Graphics Holly Rushmeier
Introduction to the basic concepts of two- and three-dimensional computer graphics.
Topics include affine and projective transformations, clipping and windowing,
visual perception, scene modeling and animation, algorithms for visible surface
determination, reflection models, illumination algorithms, and color theory. After
CPSC 202 and 223. QR
* CPSC 480b, Directed Reading James Aspnes
Individual study for qualified students who wish to investigate an area of computer
science not covered in regular courses. A student must be sponsored by a faculty
member who sets the requirements and meets regularly with the student. Requires a
written plan of study approved by the faculty adviser and the director of undergraduate
studies. May be taken more than once for credit.
* CPSC 490a or b, Special Projects Staff
Individual research intended to fulfill the senior requirement. Requires a faculty
supervisor and the permission of the director of undergraduate studies. The student
must submit a written report about the results of the project.
Computer Science and Mathematics

Directors of undergraduate studies: Zhong Shao (Computer Science), 314 AKW,
432-6828, zhong.shao@yale.edu [F]; James Aspnes (Computer Science), 401 AKW,
220
432-1232, james.aspnes@yale.edu [Sp]; Andrew Casson (Mathematics), 216 LOM,

432-7056, andrew.casson@yale.edu
Computer Science and Mathematics is an interdepartmental major for students who
are interested in computational mathematics, the use of computers in mathematics,
mathematical aspects of algorithm design and analysis, and theoretical foundations of
computing.
The major requires fourteen term courses as well as a senior project. Six of the fourteen
courses must be in computer science: CPSC 201, 223, 323, and 365; one from CPSC 440,
462, 465, 468, or 469; and one additional advanced term course other than CPSC 480
or 490. The remaining eight courses must be in mathematics: MATH 120, either
222 or 225, 244, and five additional term courses numbered above MATH 200 other
than MATH 470. MATH 230 and 231 may replace (but do not count in addition to)
MATH 120 and 222 or 225.
The senior requirement is a project or an essay on a topic acceptable to both
departments. An oral report on the mathematical aspects of the project must be
presented to the Mathematics faculty.
The entire program of each student majoring in Computer Science and Mathematics
must be approved by the director of undergraduate studies in each department. Courses
taken Credit/D/Fail may not be counted toward the major.

Prerequisites None
Number of courses 14 term courses (not incl senior req)
Specific courses required CPSC 201, 223, 323, 365; one from CPSC 440, 462, 465, 468,
or 469; MATH 120, 222 or 225, 244
Distribution of courses 5 addtl courses in math numbered above 200 (may not be
MATH 470); 1 addtl advanced course in comp sci (may not be CPSC 480 or 490)
Substitution permitted MATH 230, 231 for MATH 120 and 222 or 225
Senior requirement Senior project or senior essay on topic acceptable to Comp Sci and
Math depts; oral report to Math dept on mathematical aspects of project
Computer Science and Psychology

Directors of undergraduate studies: Zhong Shao (Computer Science), 314 AKW,
432-6828, zhong.shao@yale.edu [F]; James Aspnes (Computer Science), 401 AKW,
432-1232, james.aspnes@yale.edu [Sp]; Laurie Santos (Psychology), 213 SSS, 432-4524,
laurie.santos@yale.edu [F]; Gregory Samanez-Larkin (Psychology), 318 SSS, 432-1150,
gregory.samanez-larkin@yale.edu [Sp]
Computer Science and Psychology is an interdepartmental major designed for students
interested in integrating work in these two fields. Each area provides tools and theories
that can be applied to problems in the other. Examples of this interaction include
cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and biological perception.
The prerequisite for the major is PSYC 110, from which students who have scored 5 on
the Advanced Placement test in Psychology are exempt. Beyond the prerequisite, the
major requires fourteen term courses as well as a senior project.
221
Eight of the fourteen courses must be in computer science: CPSC 201, 202, 223, 323, 365,
and three advanced computer science courses in artificial intelligence (e.g., CPSC 470,
471, 473, or 475). MATH 244 may substitute for CPSC 202. CPSC 480 and 490 may not
be counted as one of these courses.
The remaining six courses must be in psychology, including PSYC 200, at least one
from PSYC 210299, at least two Psychology courses from the social science point
of view, and at least one course in cognitive psychology or cognitive science listed in
Psychology. Courses in the range PSYC 490499 may not be counted toward this
requirement. For the Class of 2017 and subsequent classes, at least one of the two
psychology courses from the social science point of view must be designated as Core in
the course listings.
A second course in cognitive psychology or cognitive science may substitute for one
of the courses in artificial intelligence. An additional course in psychology and an
examination arranged with the instructor of PSYC 200 may substitute for PSYC 200.
Senior requirement Students must take either CPSC 490 or a course from the range
PSYC 496499, and the project must be approved by the director of undergraduate
studies in each department.
Approval of program The entire program of each student majoring in Computer
Science and Psychology must be approved by the director of undergraduate studies in
each department. No course in Computer Science taken Credit/D/Fail may be counted
toward the major; no more than one course in Psychology taken Credit/D/Fail may be
counted toward the major. For the Class of 2017 and subsequent classes, no 200-level
course in Psychology taken Credit/D/Fail may be counted.

Prerequisite PSYC 110
Number of courses 14 term courses beyond prereq (not incl senior project)
Specific courses required CPSC 201, 202, 223, 323, 365; PSYC 200
Distribution of courses 8 courses in Comp Sci, with 3 advanced AI courses; 6 courses
in Psych, with at least 1 from PSYC 210299 and at least 1 in cognitive psych or
cognitive science listed in Psych; Class of 2016 and previous classesat least 2 courses
in Psych from social science point of view; Class of 2017 and subsequent classesat
least 2 courses in Psych from social science point of view, at least 1 designated Core
Substitution permitted For CPSC 202, MATH 244; for 1 course in AI, 1 addtl course
in cognitive psych or cognitive science; for PSYC 200, 1 addtl course in Psych and
exam arranged with instructor
Senior requirement CPSC 490 or a course from PSYC 496499, with project
approved by DUS in each dept

Director of undergraduate studies: Julie Dorsey (Computer Science), 507 AKW,
432-4249, julie.dorsey@yale.edu
Computing and the Arts is an interdepartmental major designed for students who wish
to integrate work in computing with work in one of the arts disciplines: art, history of
art, music, or theater studies.
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For students with a computing perspective, issues in these disciplines present

interesting and substantive problems: how musicians use computers to compose; the
limitations of current software tools used by artists; the types of analyses done by art
historians; challenges in designing and using virtual sets in the theater; ways that
virtual worlds might help to envision new forms of artistic expression; lessons that can
be learned from trying to create a robotic conductor or performer.
For students with an artistic perspective, computing methods offer a systematic
approach to achieving their vision. A foundation in computer science allows artists to
understand existing computing tools more comprehensively and to use them more
effectively. Furthermore, it gives them insight into what fundamentally can and cannot
be done with computers, so they can anticipate the future development of new tools for
computing in their field.
Prerequisites The prerequisite for all students in the major is CPSC 112, which should
be taken during the freshman year. Additional prerequisites for the Art track are
ART 111 and 114. There are no additional prerequisites for the History of Art track. An
additional prerequisite for the Music track is MUSI 210, as determined by the music
theory placement test. (Students who do not place into or out of MUSI 210 may need
to take a lower-level course first.) Additional prerequisites for the Theater Studies
track are THST 110 and 111. There is no required favorable review of studio work for
admission to the major in any track.
The major Twelve term courses are required beyond the prerequisites, not including
the two-term senior project. Six of the courses must be in Computer Science, including
CPSC 201, 202, and 223. Students are advised to complete CPSC 202 and 223 by the end
of the sophomore year. MATH 244 may be substituted for CPSC 202.
The six remaining courses are selected from one of the arts disciplines. Students
choose a track in art, history of art, music, or theater studies. (A track in architecture is
expected to be added.) All requirements for a single track must be satisfied, as specified
below.
The Art track requires the following courses in addition to the Computer Science
courses listed above: (1) two 100-level courses beyond ART 111 and 114, such as
ART 132, 138, or 145; (2) two courses in Art at the 200 or 300 level; (3) ART 395; (4)
one course in Art at the 400 level; (5) two courses selected from CPSC 475, 478, and
479; (6) one additional intermediate or advanced Computer Science course (excluding
CPSC 490).
The History of Art track requires the following courses in addition to the Computer
Science courses listed above: (1) one introductory History of Art course: HSAR 112,
142, or 143; (2) two History of Art courses at the 200, 300, or 400 level (the courses
must represent two different areas as defined in the History of Art program
description); (3) one studio art course (students may need to take a prerequisite course
in Art to prepare for the studio course); (4) HSAR 401; (5) one 400-level seminar in
History of Art; (6) two courses selected from CPSC 437, 475, 478, or 479, one of which
must be CPSC 478 or 479; (7) one additional intermediate or advanced Computer
Science course (excluding CPSC 490).
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The Music track requires the following courses in addition to the Computer Science
courses listed above: (1) MUSI 325; (2) five term courses chosen from MUSI 312, 313,
343, 412, 413, 471, and 472; (3) CPSC 431; (4) CPSC 432; (5) one additional intermediate
or advanced Computer Science course (excluding CPSC 490).
The Theater Studies track requires the following courses in addition to the Computer
Science courses listed above: (1) THST 210; (2) three courses in dramatic literature or
theater history; (3) two upper-level Theater Studies production seminars in design,
directing, or playwriting; (4) CPSC 431 or 432; (5) CPSC 478 or 479; (6) one additional
intermediate or advanced Computer Science course (excluding CPSC 490).
Senior requirement The senior project requires two terms: one term of CPAR 491, and
one term of ART 495, HSAR 499, MUSI 490 or 491, or THST 471 or 491, depending
on the track chosen. The project must be approved by the director of undergraduate
studies and be acceptable to both departments. Students must submit a written report,
including an electronic abstract and Web page(s).
Approval of program The entire program of each student majoring in Computing
and the Arts must be approved by the director of undergraduate studies. Courses taken
Credit/D/Fail may not be counted toward the major.

Prerequisites All tracksCPSC 112; Art trackART 111, 114; Music trackMUSI 210;
Theater Studies trackTHST 110, 111
Number of courses 12 term courses beyond prereqs (not incl senior project)
Specific courses required All tracksCPSC 201, 202, 223; Art trackART 395, 2
from CPSC 475, 478, 479; History of Art track2 from CPSC 437, 475, 478, 479,
including 1 of CPSC 478, 479; 1 from HSAR 112, 142, 143; HSAR 401; Music
trackCPSC 431, 432; MUSI 325; Theater Studies trackCPSC 431 or 432; CPSC 478
or 479; THST 210
Distribution of courses All tracks6 courses in Comp Sci, incl 1 addtl intermediate or
advanced course beyond specific reqs (excluding CPSC 490); Art track2 courses
in Art at 100 level (excluding prereqs), 2 at 200 or 300 level, and 1 at 400 level (in
addition to senior req); History of Art track2 courses in different areas of History
of Art at 200, 300, or 400 level; one 400-level sem in History of Art; 1 studio art
course; Music track5 courses from MUSI 312, 313, 343, 412, 413, 471, 472; Theater
Studies track3 courses in dramatic lit or theater history; 2 production sems, as
specified
Substitution permitted MATH 244 for CPSC 202
Senior requirement All tracksTwo-term senior project approved by DUS; Art track
Senior project completed in CPAR 491 and ART 495; History of Art trackSenior
project completed in CPAR 491 and HSAR 499; Music trackSenior project
completed in CPAR 491 and MUSI 490 or 491; Theater Studies trackSenior project
completed in CPAR 491 and THST 471 or 491
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Courses
* CPAR 291a or b, Special Projects Julie Dorsey
Individual research project in computing and the arts. Requires a faculty supervisor and
permission of the director of undergraduate studies. May be taken more than once for
credit.
* CPAR 491a or b, Senior Project in Computing and the Arts Julie Dorsey
Individual research project for majors in Computing and the Arts. Requires two faculty
supervisors, one from Computer Science and one from the department in the chosen
track. Requires permission of the director of undergraduate studies. The student must
present both a verbal and a written report describing the results of the project. May be
taken more than once for credit.
DeVane Lecture Course

DEVN 197b / HLTH 140b / SOCY 126b, Health of the Public: Medicine and Disease in
Social Context Nicholas Christakis
Introduction to the field of public health. The social causes and contexts of illness,
death, longevity, and health care in the United States today. How social scientists,
biologists, epidemiologists, public health experts, and doctors use theory to understand
issues and make causal inferences based on observational or experimental data.
Biosocial science and techniques of big data as applied to health. SO
Directed Studies
Director of undergraduate studies: Kathryn Slanski, Rm. 321, 53 Wall St., 432-6630,
kathryn.slanski@yale.edu; chair of Humanities: Bryan Garsten, Rm. 212, 53 Wall St.,
432-1313, bryan.garsten@yale.edu; directedstudies.yale.edu
Directed Studies, a selective program for freshmen, is an interdisciplinary introduction
to a selection of seminal texts of Western civilization from ancient Greece to the
twentieth century. A coherent program of study, Directed Studies encourages students
to put rich and complex texts into conversation with one another across time and
genres and to make connections across traditional disciplinary boundaries. Students
in Directed Studies learn to analyze challenging and urgent texts, become valuable
members of seminar discussions, and write clear and persuasive analytic essays.
The Directed Studies program consists of three integrated full-year courses in
Literature, Philosophy, and Historical and Political Thought. One hundred twenty-five
members of the freshman class are accepted each year. Students entering the program
must enroll in all three courses and are expected to enroll for both terms.
Each of the three courses meets weekly for one lecture and two seminars. Seminars have
a maximum of eighteen students and provide an opportunity to work closely with Yale
faculty. The regular lectures and seminars are complemented by a series of colloquia
that feature distinguished speakers from within and without Yale. The study of written
texts is enhanced by sessions at the Yale Art Gallery, the Yale Center for British Art, and
the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
Prerequisites: Directed Studies has no prerequisites and is designed for students with
or without any background in humanities or Western civilization, ancient or modern.
225
(In order to enroll for the second term, students must have completed the first term's
courses.)
Directed Studies represents a significant commitment for the freshman year and
consequently enables students to fulfill a number of Yale College distributional
requirements, including the two required course credits in the humanities and arts
(HU), the two required course credits in the social sciences (SO), and the two required
course credits in writing (WR). Moreover, courses taken in Directed Studies can be
counted toward satisfying requirements in a variety of majors. For example, both
terms of DRST 005, 006, Historical and Political Thought, may be counted toward
the History major, and one term may be counted toward the major in Political Science;
both terms of DRST 001, 002, Literature, may be counted toward the Literature major.
The program serves as a strong foundation for all majors in Yale College, including
those in any of the STEM fields, and is an outstanding basis for careers in law, public
policy, business, education, the arts, journalism, consulting, engineering, and medicine.
Courses
* DRST 001a and DRST 002b, Directed Studies: Literature Staff
An examination of major literary works with an aim of understanding how a tradition
develops. In the fall term, works and authors include Homer, Aeschylus, Sophocles,
Virgil, the Bible, and Dante. In the spring term, authors vary somewhat from year
to year and include Petrarch, Cervantes, Shakespeare, Milton, Wordsworth, Goethe,
Tolstoy, Proust, and Eliot. WR, HU
* DRST 003a and DRST 004b, Directed Studies: Philosophy Staff
An examination of major figures in the history of Western philosophy with an aim of
discerning characteristic philosophical problems and their interconnections. Emphasis
on Plato and Aristotle in the fall term. In the spring term, modern philosophers include
Descartes, Berkeley, Hume, Kant, and Nietzsche. WR, HU
* DRST 005a and DRST 006b, Directed Studies: Historical and Political Thought
Staff
A study of works of primary importance to political thought and intellectual history.
Focus on the role of ideas in shaping events, institutions, and the fate of the individual.
In the fall term, Herodotus, Thucydides, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, and Aquinas. In
the spring term, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Burke, Tocqueville, Emerson,
Marx, Nietzsche, and Arendt. SO

Director of undergraduate studies: Edward Kamens, 310 HGS, 432-2862,
edward.kamens@yale.edu; eall.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EAST ASIAN LANGUAGES AND

LITERATURES
Professors Kang-i Sun Chang, Aaron Gerow, Edward Kamens, Tina Lu (Chair), Jing
Tsu
Assistant Professors William Fleming, Michael Hunter, Seth Jacobowitz
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Senior Lecturer Pauline Lin

Senior Lectors II Seungja Choi, Ling Mu
Senior Lectors Hsiu-hsien Chan, Min Chen, Koichi Hiroe, Angela Lee-Smith,
Rongzhen Li, Ninghui Liang, Fan Liu, Yoshiko Maruyama, Michiaki Murata, Hiroyo
Nishimura, Yu-lin Wang Saussy, Masahiko Seto, Jianhua Shen, Mari Stever, Wei Su,
Haiwen Wang, Peisong Xu, William Zhou
Lectors Fuyang Peng, Aoi Saito, Chuanmei Sun
Affiliated Faculty Chloe Starr (Divinity School)
The major in East Asian Languages and Literatures provides an intellectually focused
and rigorous immersion in the East Asian humanities. The department's courses reflect
the breadth, depth, and variety of East Asian textual traditions, premodern through
modern, including film and theater. The major is focused on the analysis of literature,
culture, and thought, and is built on a solid foundation of language study. Students
elect either the Chinese or the Japanese track, but are encouraged to take courses in
both tracks and to become familiar with aspects of East Asian literary culture that
transcend geographic parameters.
Course numbering Language courses use the subject codes CHNS, JAPN, or KREN.
Courses with the subject code EALL are content courses whose focus is critical and
humanistic; those numbered 200 to 299 are introductory, and those numbered 300 to
399 are advanced. Courses numbered EALL 001 to 099 are freshman seminars on East
Asian literature, film, and humanities.
Courses for nonmajors All courses offered by the Department of East Asian Languages
and Literatures are open to nonmajors.
Prerequisite Candidates for the major must complete CHNS 140 or JAPN 140 or the
equivalent.
Requirements of the major The major consists of at least eleven term courses
beyond the prerequisite. Students must take two terms of advanced modern Chinese
(CHNS 150 and 151 or equivalents) or advanced Japanese (JAPN 150 and 151 or
equivalents), as well as two terms of literary Chinese or Japanese (CHNS 170 and
171, or JAPN 170 and 171). Students also take a survey course in Chinese, Japanese,
or East Asian history and culture, preferably early in their studies. Three courses are
required in literature in translation, taught in English, selected from EALL 200399;
one must be focused primarily on premodern content. These three may include courses
on theater and film. In addition, two advanced courses with readings in literary or
modern Chinese and/or Japanese are required.
Senior requirement Students prepare a one-term senior essay in EALL 491 or a
yearlong senior essay in EALL 492 and 493. Those who elect a yearlong essay effectively
commit to taking twelve term courses in the major, because the second term of the essay
may not be substituted for any of the eleven required courses.
Credit/D/Fail A maximum of one course taken Credit/D/Fail may be counted toward
the requirements of the major, with permission of the director of undergraduate
studies.
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Placement examination Students who enroll in the department's language courses

for the first time but who have studied Chinese, Japanese, or Korean elsewhere, and
students who have skills in one of these languages because of family background,
must take a placement examination at the beginning of the academic year. The times
and places of the examinations are listed on the departmental Web site (http://
eall.yale.edu/academics/language-programs) in August. The Chinese and Japanese
examinations have online components accessed through the same site. Students of
Japanese, Chinese, and Korean returning from programs abroad must take a placement
examination unless the course work was completed at an institution preapproved by
the Richard U. Light Fellowship program. For questions, consult with the director of
Study abroad Students are encouraged to study abroad. Interested students should
consult with the director of undergraduate studies and with the office of the Richard U.
Light Fellowship (http://www.yale.edu/iefp/light/overview.html) to apply for support
for programs in China, Japan, and Korea.

Prerequisite CHNS 140 or JAPN 140 or equivalent
Number of courses 11 courses (incl one-term senior essay) or 12 courses (incl yearlong
senior essay) beyond prereq
Specific courses required Chinese trackCHNS 150, 151, 170, 171, or equivalents;
Japanese trackJAPN 150, 151, 170, 171, or equivalents
Distribution of courses 1 course in Chinese, Japanese, or East Asian hist and culture;
3 courses in lit in translation numbered EALL 200399, one of them premodern; 2
adv courses with readings in Chinese and/or Japanese
Senior requirement One-term senior essay (EALL 491) or yearlong senior essay
(EALL 492, 493)
East Asian Humanities

EALL 200a, The Chinese Tradition Tina Lu and Michael Hunter
An introduction to the literature, culture, and thought of premodern China, from
the beginnings of the written record to the turn of the twentieth century. Close study
of textual and visual primary sources, with attention to their historical and cultural
backdrops. No knowledge of Chinese required. HU
EALL 203b / LITR 197b, The Tale of Genji Edward Kamens
A reading of the central work of prose fiction in the Japanese classical tradition in
its entirety (in English translation) along with some examples of predecessors,
parodies, and adaptations (the latter include Noh plays and twentieth-century short
stories). Topics of discussion include narrative form, poetics, gendered authorship and
readership, and the processes and premises that have given The Tale of Genji its place
in "world literature." Attention will also be given to the text's special relationship to
visual culture. No knowledge of Japanese required. A previous college-level course in
the study of literary texts is recommended but not required. HU
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EALL 211a / WGSS 405a, Women and Literature in Traditional China Kang-i Sun
Chang
A study of major women writers in traditional China, as well as representations of
women by male authors. The power of women's writing; women and material culture;
women in exile; courtesans; Taoist and Buddhist nuns; widow poets; cross-dressing
women; the female body and its metaphors; footbinding; notions of love and death;
the aesthetics of illness; women and revolution; poetry clubs; the function of memory
in women's literature; problems of gender and genre. All readings in translation; no
knowledge of Chinese required. Some Chinese texts provided for students who read
Chinese. Formerly CHNS 201. HU Tr
* EALL 235a / EAST 465a, Writing and Textual Culture in China and Beyond Staff
The development of writings and writing practices in China, with a focus on the period
from 200 to 1000 A.D. Ways in which text-based activities have been regulated by
and interacted with the material, social, intellectual, and ideological dimensions of an
encompassing Chinese textual culture. The operation of such processes and their effects
on the written language. WR, HU
* EALL 271a / FILM 448a, Japanese Cinema after 1960 Aaron Gerow
The development of Japanese cinema after the breakdown of the studio system,
through the revival of the late 1990s, and to the present. No knowledge of Japanese
required. HU
* EALL 280b / FILM 307b, East Asian Martial Arts Film Aaron Gerow
An investigation of the martial arts films of East Asia (Japan, China, Hong Kong,
Korea, Taiwan), including the samurai film, kung-fu and karate film, and wuxia film,
and the roles they play in constructing nationalism and transnationalism, gender,
stardom, spirituality, and mediality. HU
* EALL 284a / EAST 463a / FILM 384a, North Korea through Film Staff
Introduction to the cultural history of North Korea, with a focus on the politics, ethics,
and aesthetics of visual representation. Styles and forms range from independent
documentary to official propaganda to big-budget studio films. The fundamentals of
film analysis; major texts on North Korea's society, history, and political system. HU
* EALL 300b, Sinological Methods Pauline Lin
A research course in Chinese studies, designed for students with background in modern
and literary Chinese. Exploration and evaluation of the wealth of primary sources and
research tools available in Chinese. For native speakers of Chinese, introduction to the
secondary literature in English and instruction in writing professionally in English
on topics about China. Topics include the compilation and development of Chinese
bibliographies; bibliophiles' notes; editions, censorship, and textual variation and
reliability; specialized dictionaries; maps and geographical gazetteers; genealogies
and biographical sources; archaeological and visual materials; and major Chinese
encyclopedias and compendia. Prerequisite: CHNS 171 or equivalent. Formerly CHNS
202. HU
* EALL 303a, Readings in Classical Chinese Poetry Kang-i Sun Chang
Fundamentals of classical Chinese poetry and poetics. Readings vary from year to year;
topics include poetry and history, intertextuality, and poetic reception. Readings in
Chinese; discussion in English. Prerequisite: CHNS 171 or equivalent, or permission of
instructor. Formerly CHNS 303. HU
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* EALL 318b / HUMS 401b, Interpretations: The Dream of the Red Chamber Tina
Lu and R. Howard Bloch
Close reading of the eighteenth-century Chinese novel The Dream of the Red Chamber
in translation, with some attention to secondary and theoretical materials. The novel is
used to examine humanistic questions, including what it means to read across cultures.
Priority to Humanities majors. HU
* EALL 351a, Advanced Readings in Modern Chinese Literature Jing Tsu
An introduction to literary criticism and history using texts in the original language.
Fiction and nonfiction written in Chinese in different parts of the world, with a focus
on the period from the nineteenth century to the present. Readings in Chinese; texts
in both simplified and traditional characters. After CHNS 163, 164, 165, or equivalent.
HU
* EALL 470a and EALL 471b, Independent Tutorial Staff
For students with advanced Chinese, Japanese, or Korean language skills who wish
to engage in concentrated reading and research on literary works in a manner not
otherwise offered in courses. The work must be supervised by a specialist and must
terminate in a term paper or its equivalent. Ordinarily only one term may be offered
toward the major or for credit toward the degree. Permission to enroll requires
submission of a detailed project proposal by the end of the first week of classes and its
approval by the director of undergraduate studies.
* EALL 491a or b, Senior Essay Edward Kamens
Preparation of a one-term senior essay under faculty supervision.
* EALL 492a and EALL 493b, Yearlong Senior Essay Edward Kamens
Preparation of a two-term senior essay under faculty supervision. Credit for EALL 492
only on completion of EALL 493.
Chinese
* CHNS 110a, Elementary Modern Chinese I Jianhua Shen, Yu-Lin Wang-Saussy,
Min Chen, and Chuanmei Sun
Intended for students with no background in Chinese. An intensive course with
emphasis on spoken language and drills. Pronunciation, grammatical analysis,
conversation practice, and introduction to reading and writing Chinese characters.
Credit only on completion of CHNS 120. L1 RP 1 Course cr
* CHNS 120a or b, Elementary Modern Chinese II Jianhua Shen and Staff
Continuation of CHNS 110. After CHNS 110 or equivalent. L2 RP 1 Course cr
* CHNS 130a or b, Intermediate Modern Chinese I Ninghui Liang and Peisong Xu
An intermediate course that continues intensive training in listening, speaking, reading,
and writing and consolidates achievements from the first year of study. Students
improve oral fluency, study more complex grammatical structures, and enlarge both
reading and writing vocabulary. After CHNS 120 or equivalent. L3 RP 1 Course cr
* CHNS 132a, Elementary Modern Chinese for Advanced Learners I Fan Liu and
Hsiu-hsien Chan
First level of the advanced learner sequence, intended for students with some aural
proficiency but limited ability in reading and writing Chinese. Training in listening and
230
speaking, with emphasis on reading and writing. Placement confirmed by placement

test and by instructor. L3 RP 1 Course cr
* CHNS 140b, Intermediate Modern Chinese II Ninghui Liang and Peisong Xu
Continuation of CHNS 130. To be followed by CHNS 150. After CHNS 130 or
equivalent. L4 RP 1 Course cr
* CHNS 142b, Elementary Modern Chinese for Advanced Learners II Fan Liu and
Hsiu-hsien Chan
Continuation of CHNS 132. After CHNS 132 or equivalent. L4 RP 1 Course cr
* CHNS 150a, Advanced Modern Chinese I Rongzhen Li and Ling Mu
Third level of the standard foundational sequence of modern Chinese, with study
in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Use of audiovisual materials, oral
presentations, skits, and longer and more frequent writing assignments to assimilate
more sophisticated grammatical structures. Further introduction to a wide variety
of written forms and styles. Use of both traditional and simplified forms of Chinese
characters. After CHNS 140 or equivalent. L5 1 Course cr
* CHNS 151b, Advanced Modern Chinese II Rongzhen Li and Ling Mu
Continuation of CHNS 150. After CHNS 150 or equivalent. L5 1 Course cr
* CHNS 152a and CHNS 153b, Intermediate Modern Chinese for Advanced Learners
Haiwen Wang
The second level of the advanced learner sequence. Intended for students with
intermediate to advanced oral proficiency and high elementary reading and writing
proficiency. Students receive intensive training in listening, speaking, reading, and
writing, supplemented by audio and video materials. The objective of the course is to
balance these four skills and work toward attaining an advanced level in all of them.
After CHNS 142 or equivalent. L5 RP 1 Course cr per term
* CHNS 154a, Advanced Modern Chinese III William Zhou
Fourth level of the standard foundational sequence of modern Chinese, with study in
speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Readings in a wide range of subjects form
the basis of discussion and other activities. Students consolidate their skills, especially
speaking proficiency, at an advanced level. Materials use both simplified and traditional
characters. After CHNS 151 or equivalent. L5
* CHNS 155b, Advanced Modern Chinese IV William Zhou
Continuation of CHNS 154. After CHNS 154 or equivalent. L5
* CHNS 162a and CHNS 163b, Advanced Modern Chinese for Advanced Learners
Wei Su
Third level of the advanced learner sequence in Chinese. Intended for students
with advanced speaking and listening skills (able to conduct conversations fluently)
and with high intermediate reading and writing skills (able to write 1,0001,200
characters). Further readings on contemporary life in China and Taiwan, supplemented
with authentic video materials. Class discussion, presentations, and regular written
assignments. Texts in simplified characters with vocabulary in both simplified and
traditional characters. After CHNS 153 or equivalent. L5
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* CHNS 164a, Readings in Contemporary Chinese Fiction Wei Su

Selected readings in Chinese fiction of the 1980s and 1990s. Development of advanced
language skills in reading, speaking, and writing for students with an interest in
literature and literary criticism. After CHNS 155, 162, or equivalent. L5
* CHNS 165b, Readings in Modern Chinese Fiction Wei Su
Reading and discussion of modern short stories, most written prior to 1949.
Development of advanced language skills in reading, speaking, and writing for students
with an interest in literature and literary criticism. After CHNS 155, 162, or equivalent.
L5
* CHNS 166a and CHNS 167b, Chinese Media and Society William Zhou
Advanced language course with a focus on speaking and writing skills. Issues in
contemporary Chinese society explored through media forms such as newspapers,
radio, television, and Internet blogs. After CHNS 155, 162, or equivalent. L5
* CHNS 168a and CHNS 169b, Chinese for Global Enterprises Min Chen
Advanced language course with a focus on Chinese business terminology and discourse.
Discussion of China's economic and management reforms, marketing, economic
laws, business culture and customs, and economic relations with other countries.
Case studies from international enterprises that have successfully entered the Chinese
market. After CHNS 155, 162, or equivalent. L5 RP
CHNS 170a, Introduction to Literary Chinese I Michael Hunter
Reading and interpretation of texts in various styles of literary Chinese (wenyan),
with attention to basic problems of syntax and literary style. After CHNS 151, 153, or
equivalent. L5
CHNS 171b, Introduction to Literary Chinese II Pauline Lin
Continuation of CHNS 170. After CHNS 170. L5 RP
CHNS 212b, Ancient Chinese Thought Michael Hunter
An introduction to the foundational works of ancient Chinese thought from the ruling
ideologies of the earliest historical dynasties, through the Warring States masters, to
the Qin and Han empires. Topics include Confucianism and Daoism, the role of the
intellectual in ancient Chinese society, and the nature and performance of wisdom. HU
Japanese
* JAPN 110a, Elementary Japanese I Hiroyo Nishimura, Michiaki Murata, and Aoi
Saito
Introductory language course for students with no previous background in Japanese.
Development of proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing, including
50 hiragana, 50 katakana, and 75 kanji characters. Introduction to cultural aspects
such as levels of politeness and group concepts. In-class drills in pronunciation and
conversation. Individual tutorial sessions improve conversational skills. Credit only on
completion of JAPN 120. L1 RP 1 Course cr
* JAPN 120b, Elementary Japanese II Hiroyo Nishimura, Michiaki Murata, and Aoi
Saito
Continuation of JAPN 110, with additional materials such as excerpts from television
shows, anime, and songs. Introduction of 150 additional kanji. After JAPN 110 or
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* JAPN 130a, Intermediate Japanese I Yoshiko Maruyama, Masahiko Seto, and Mari
Stever
Continued development in both written and spoken Japanese. Aspects of Japanese
culture, such as history, art, religion, and cuisine, explored through text, film, and
animation. Online audio and visual aids facilitate listening, as well as the learning of
grammar and kanji. Individual tutorial sessions improve conversational skills. After
JAPN 120 or equivalent. L3 RP 1 Course cr
* JAPN 140b, Intermediate Japanese II Yoshiko Maruyama, Masahiko Seto, and Mari
Stever
Continuation of JAPN 130. After JAPN 130 or equivalent. L4 RP 1 Course cr
* JAPN 150a, Advanced Japanese I Mari Stever and Yoshiko Maruyama
Advanced language course that further develops proficiency in reading, writing,
speaking, and listening. Reading and discussion materials include works by Nobel Prize
winners. Japanese anime and television dramas are used to enhance listening and to
develop skills in culturally appropriate speech. Writing of essays, letters, and criticism
solidifies grammar and style. Individual tutorial sessions improve conversational skills.
After JAPN 140 or equivalent. L5 RP 1 Course cr
* JAPN 151b, Advanced Japanese II Mari Stever and Yoshiko Maruyama
Continuation of JAPN 150. After JAPN 150 or equivalent. L5 RP 1 Course cr
* JAPN 156a, Advanced Japanese III Koichi Hiroe and Hiroyo Nishimura
Close reading of modern Japanese writing on current affairs, social science, history,
and literature. Development of speaking and writing skills in academic settings,
including formal speeches, interviews, discussions, letters, e-mail, and expository
writing. Interviews of and discussions with native speakers on current issues. Individual
tutorial sessions provide speaking practice. After JAPN 151 or equivalent. L5 RP
1 Course cr
* JAPN 157b, Advanced Japanese IV Koichi Hiroe and Hiroyo Nishimura
Continuation of JAPN 156. After JAPN 156 or equivalent. L5 1 Course cr
* JAPN 162a, Reading Academic Japanese I Masahiko Seto
Close reading of major writings from the Meiji era to the present, including newspaper
articles, scholarly works, fiction, and prose. Students gain a command of academic
Japanese through comprehensive study of grammar in the context of culture. Individual
tutorial sessions provide speaking practice. After JAPN 157 or equivalent; recommended
to be taken after or concurrently with JAPN 170. L5
* JAPN 163b, Reading Academic Japanese II Masahiko Seto
Continuation of JAPN 162. After JAPN 162 or equivalent; recommended to be taken
after JAPN 170. L5
* JAPN 164a and JAPN 165b, Academic and Professional Spoken Japanese Koichi
Hiroe
Advanced language course with a focus on the speaking skills necessary in academic
and professional settings. Includes online interviews, discussions, and debates with
native Japanese students and scholars on contemporary topics such as globalization,
environment, technology, human rights, and cultural studies. Individual tutorial
sessions provide speaking practice. After JAPN 163 or equivalent. L5
East Asian Studies
233
JAPN 170a, Introduction to Literary Japanese Edward Kamens

Introduction to the grammar and style of the premodern literary language (bungotai)
through a variety of texts. After JAPN 151 or equivalent. L5
* JAPN 171b, Readings in Literary Japanese William Fleming
Close analytical reading of a selection of texts from the Nara through the Tokugawa
periods: prose, poetry, and various genres. Introduction to kanbun. After JAPN 170 or
equivalent. L5
Korean
* KREN 110a, Elementary Korean I Angela Lee-Smith
A beginning course in modern Korean. Pronunciation, lectures on grammar,
conversation practice, and introduction to the writing system (Hankul). Credit only on
completion of KREN 120. L1 RP 1 Course cr
* KREN 120b, Elementary Korean II Seungja Choi
Continuation of KREN 110. After KREN 110 or equivalent. L2 RP 1 Course cr
* KREN 130a, Intermediate Korean I Seungja Choi
Continued development of skills in modern Korean, spoken and written, leading to
intermediate-level proficiency. After KREN 120 or equivalent. L3 RP 1 Course cr
* KREN 132a, Intermediate Korean for Advanced Learners I Seungja Choi
Intended for students with some oral proficiency but little or no training in Hankul.
Focus on grammatical analysis, the standard spoken language, and intensive training in
reading and writing. L3 RP 1 Course cr
* KREN 140b, Intermediate Korean II Angela Lee-Smith
* KREN 142b, Intermediate Korean for Advanced Learners II Angela Lee-Smith
* KREN 152a, Advanced Korean for Advanced Learners Angela Lee-Smith
An advanced course in modern Korean. Reading of short stories, essays, and journal
articles, and introduction of 200 Chinese characters. Students develop their speaking
and writing skills through discussions and written exercises. After KREN 142 or 151, or
with permission of instructor. L5 1 Course cr
* KREN 154b, Advanced Korean III Seungja Choi
An advanced language course designed to develop reading and writing skills using
Web-based texts in a variety of genres. Students read texts independently and complete
comprehension and vocabulary exercises through the Web. Discussions, tests, and
intensive writing training in class. After KREN 151 or equivalent. L5
East Asian Studies

Director of undergraduate studies: Frances Rosenbluth, 308 RKZ, 432-5256,
frances.rosenbluth@yale.edu; ceas.yale.edu
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES

Professors Daniel Botsman (History), Kang-i Sun Chang (East Asian Languages
& Literatures), Deborah Davis (Sociology), Aaron Gerow (East Asian Languages &
Literatures, Film & Media Studies), Valerie Hansen (History), Edward Kamens (East
234
Asian Languages & Literatures), William Kelly (Anthropology), Tina Lu (East Asian
Languages & Literatures), Peter Perdue (History), Frances Rosenbluth (Political Science),
Helen Siu (Anthropology), William Summers (History of Medicine), Jing Tsu (East Asian
Languages & Literatures, Comparative Literature), Anne Underhill (Anthropology), Mimi
Yiengpruksawan (History of Art)
Associate Professors Fabian Drixler (History), William Honeychurch (Anthropology),
Karen Nakamura (Anthropology), Andrew Quintman (Religious Studies), Chloe Starr
(Divinity School)
Assistant Professors William Fleming (East Asian Languages & Literatures, Theater
Studies), Eric Greene (Religious Studies), Michael Hunter (East Asian Languages &
Literatures), Seth Jacobowitz (East Asian Languages & Literatures), Youn-mi Kim
(History of Art), Eric Weese (Economics)
Senior Lecturers Annping Chin (History), Pauline Lin (East Asian Languages &
Literatures)
Lecturers Kjell Ericson, Rebecca Fu, Woo Chang Kang, Dima Mironenko
Senior Lectors II Seungja Choi, Ling Mu
Senior Lectors Hsiu-hsien Chan, Min Chen, Koichi Hiroe, Angela Lee-Smith,
Rongzhen Li, Ninghui Liang, Fan Liu, Yoshiko Maruyama, Michiaki Murata, Hiroyo
Nishimura, Yu-lin Wang Saussy, Masahiko Seto, Jianhua Shen, Mari Stever, Wei Su,
Haiwen Wang, Peisong Xu, William Zhou
Lectors Aoi Saito, Chuanmei Sun
In the East Asian Studies major, students focus on a country or an area within East Asia
and concentrate their work in the humanities or the social sciences. The major offers a
liberal education that serves as excellent preparation for graduate study or for business
and professional careers in which an understanding of East Asia is essential.
The major The major in East Asian Studies is interdisciplinary, and students typically
select classes from a wide variety of disciplines. The proposed course of study must be
approved by the director of undergraduate studies.
The prerequisite to the major is completion of study at the L2 level of an East Asian
language taught at Yale. Beyond this prerequisite, the major consists of thirteen course
credits, which may include up to six taken in a preapproved program of study abroad.
Six course credits must be taken in East Asian language courses, including a course
at the L4 level and one year of advanced study (L5) with readings in the East Asian
language.
Beyond the language requirement, the major includes seven course credits, six in the
country or area of concentration and one outside it. Of the course credits in the area of
concentration, one must be in the premodern period, at least two must be seminars,
and one is the senior requirement (see below). These courses are normally taken at
Yale during the academic year, but with prior approval of the director of undergraduate
studies the requirement may be fulfilled through successful course work undertaken
elsewhere.
East Asian Studies
235
Credit/D/Fail A maximum of one course taken Credit/D/Fail may be counted toward

the requirements of the major, with permission of the director of undergraduate
studies.
Senior requirement During the senior year, all students must satisfy a senior
requirement consisting of a major research project that uses Chinese, Japanese, or
Korean-language materials, reflects an up-to-date understanding of the region, and
demonstrates a strong command of written English. This requirement can be met in
one of three ways. Students may take a seminar that relates to the country or area of
concentration, culminating in a senior thesis. Alternatively, students who are unable to
write a senior essay in a seminar may complete a one-term senior essay in EAST 480
or a one-credit, two-term senior research project in EAST 491, 492 culminating in an
essay. The adviser for the senior project should be a faculty member associated with
the program of East Asian Studies with a reading knowledge of the target language
materials consulted for the essay.
Selection of courses Upon entering the major, students are expected to draw up
an intellectually coherent sequence of courses in consultation with the director of
undergraduate studies. They must consult with the director of undergraduate studies
each term concerning their course schedules. They should identify as soon as possible a
faculty adviser in their area of specialization. As a multidisciplinary program, East Asian
Studies draws on the resources of other departments and programs in the University.
Students are encouraged to examine the offerings of other departments in both the
humanities and the social sciences, as well as residential college seminars, for additional
relevant courses. The stated area of concentration of each student determines the
relevance and acceptability of other courses. For a complete listing of courses approved
for the major, see the East Asian Studies Council Web site (http://ceas.yale.edu).
Courses in the graduate and professional schools Qualified students may elect
pertinent courses in the Graduate School and in some of the professional schools with
permission of the instructor, the director of undergraduate studies, and the director of
graduate studies or the dean or registrar of the professional school.
and Master's Degrees" in section K (p. 65) of the Academic Regulations. Interested
students should consult the director of undergraduate studies prior to the fifth term of
enrollment for specific requirements in East Asian Studies.

Prerequisite L2 level of an East Asian lang taught at Yale
Number of courses 13 course credits beyond prereq (incl senior req); up to 6 may be in
preapproved study abroad
Distribution of courses 6 course credits in East Asian lang courses, incl 1 L4 course and
1 year at L5 level with readings in the lang; 6 addtl course credits in country or area
of concentration, incl 1 in premodern era and 2 sems; 1 course credit on East Asia
outside country or area of concentration
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Senior requirement Senior sem culminating in a senior thesis, or one-term senior

essay in EAST 480, or one-credit, two-term senior research project in EAST 491,
492
* EAST 030a / HIST 030a, Tokyo Fabian Drixler

Four centuries of Japan's history explored through the many incarnations, destructions,
and rebirths of its foremost city. Focus on the solutions found by Tokyo's residents
to the material and social challenges of concentrating such a large population in one
place. Tensions between continuity and impermanence, authenticity and modernity,
and social order and the culture of play. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration
required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. WR, HU
* EAST 032a / HIST 032a, Shanghai Denise Ho
History of the city of Shanghai, with a focus on how Shanghai has been seen and what
its experience reveals about modern China. Shanghai's unique place in imagining
China; its transformation in the nineteenth century from a fishing village to an
international "treaty port" and China's gateway to the West; twentieth-century
Shanghai as a site of innovation, from politics and capitalism to media and fashion; the
city's vilification in the early Mao years and later reemergence as a symbol of China's
modernization. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under
Freshman Seminar Program. WR, HU
EAST 301b / HIST 307b, The Making of Japan's Great Peace, 15501850 Fabian
Drixler
Examination of how, after centuries of war in Japan and overseas, the Tokugawa
shogunate built a peace that lasted more than 200 years. Japan's urban revolution,
the eradication of Christianity, the Japanese discovery of Europe, and the question of
whether Tokugawa Japan is a rare example of a complex and populous society that
achieved ecological sustainability. HU
* EAST 309a / HIST 309Ja, Uses of the Past in Modern China Denise Ho
Modern China's use of the past in state-sponsored narratives of nation, in attempts to
construct heritage by elites and intellectuals, and in grassroots projects of remembrance.
Theories on history and memory; primary sources in English translation; case studies
from twentieth-century China. Interdisciplinary readings in art history, anthropology,
cultural studies, and history. WR, HU
EAST 338a / ECON 338a / GLBL 318a, The Next China Stephen Roach
Economic development in China since the late 1970s. Emphasis on factors pushing
China toward a transition from its modern export- and investment-led development
model to a pro-consumption model. The possibility of a resulting identity crisis,
underscored by China's need to embrace political reform and by the West's longstanding misperceptions of China. Prerequisite: introductory macroeconomics. SO
EAST 375b / HIST 375b, China from Mao to Now Denise Ho
The history of the People's Republic of China from Mao to now, with a focus on
understanding the recent Chinese past and framing contemporary events in China in
historical context. How the party-state is organized; interactions between state and
society; causes and consequences of economic disparities; ways in which various groups
East Asian Studies
237
from intellectuals to religious believershave shaped the meaning of contemporary

Chinese society. HU
* EAST 454b / ECON 474b / GLBL 312b, Economic and Policy Lessons from Japan
Stephen Roach
An evaluation of Japan's protracted economic problems and of their potential
implications for other economies, including the United States, Europe, and China.
Currency pressures, policy blunders, Abenomics, bubbles, and the global economic
crisis of 2008; dangers to the global economy from a protracted postcrisis recovery
period. Focus on policy remedies to avert similar problems in other countries.
Prerequisite: a course in macroeconomics. SO
* EAST 462b / PLSC 397b, The Politics and Political Economy of East Asia Frances
Rosenbluth and Woo Chang Kang
This class is designed to help students understand political, economic, and diplomatic
developments in East Asia with a focus on Japan, China, Korea, and Taiwan. We begin
with the historical events that shaped the internal politics of each country and their
international relations. We will explore the inter-relationship between their politics and
their paths of economic development. Finally, we consider their uneasy relationships as
neighbors in East Asia. SO
* EAST 463a / EALL 284a / FILM 384a, North Korea through Film Staff
* EAST 464b / HIST 306Jb, Japan and the Ocean, 1600 to the Present Staff
An ocean-centered history of Japan since c. 1600. Practices in the use of land and sea;
how such practices have changed with political unification, political revolution, and the
rise and fall of an empire. Topics include piracy, fisheries diplomacy, sushi, pollution,
and nuclear power. WR, HU
* EAST 465a / EALL 235a, Writing and Textual Culture in China and Beyond Staff
The development of writings and writing practices in China, with a focus on the period
from 200 to 1000 A.D. Ways in which text-based activities have been regulated by
and interacted with the material, social, intellectual, and ideological dimensions of an
encompassing Chinese textual culture. The operation of such processes and their effects
on the written language. WR, HU
* EAST 480a or b, One-Term Senior Essay Frances Rosenbluth
Preparation of a one-term senior essay under the guidance of a faculty adviser. Students
must receive the prior agreement of the director of undergraduate studies and of the
faculty member who will serve as the senior essay adviser. Students must arrange to
meet with that adviser on a regular basis throughout the term.
* EAST 491a and EAST 492b, Senior Research Project Frances Rosenbluth
Two-term directed research project under the supervision of a ladder faculty member.
Students should write essays using materials in East Asian languages when possible.
Essays should be based on primary material, whether in an East Asian language or
English. Summary of secondary material is not acceptable. Credit for EAST 491 only on
completion of EAST 492. Course cr per term
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Electives within the Major

Premodern Period
* ANTH 397b / ARCG 397b, Archaeology of East Asia Anne Underhill
CHNS 170a, Introduction to Literary Chinese I Michael Hunter
Reading and interpretation of texts in various styles of literary Chinese (wenyan),
with attention to basic problems of syntax and literary style. After CHNS 151, 153, or
equivalent. L5
CHNS 171b, Introduction to Literary Chinese II Pauline Lin
Continuation of CHNS 170. After CHNS 170. L5 RP
CHNS 212b, Ancient Chinese Thought Michael Hunter
An introduction to the foundational works of ancient Chinese thought from the ruling
ideologies of the earliest historical dynasties, through the Warring States masters, to
the Qin and Han empires. Topics include Confucianism and Daoism, the role of the
intellectual in ancient Chinese society, and the nature and performance of wisdom. HU
EALL 200a, The Chinese Tradition Tina Lu and Michael Hunter
An introduction to the literature, culture, and thought of premodern China, from
the beginnings of the written record to the turn of the twentieth century. Close study
of textual and visual primary sources, with attention to their historical and cultural
backdrops. No knowledge of Chinese required. HU
EALL 203b / LITR 197b, The Tale of Genji Edward Kamens
EALL 211a / WGSS 405a, Women and Literature in Traditional China Kang-i Sun
Chang
East Asian Studies
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* EALL 303a, Readings in Classical Chinese Poetry Kang-i Sun Chang

Fundamentals of classical Chinese poetry and poetics. Readings vary from year to year;
topics include poetry and history, intertextuality, and poetic reception. Readings in
Chinese; discussion in English. Prerequisite: CHNS 171 or equivalent, or permission of
instructor. Formerly CHNS 303. HU
* HIST 308Ja, History and Politics in Early China Annping Chin
How the history and politics of early China came to shape political thinking and policy
debates in two thousand years of imperial rule. WR, HU
HIST 373b, The Silk Road Valerie Hansen
A journey along the overland and sea routes that connected China, India, and Iran from
200 to 1000 C.E. and served as conduits for cultural exchange. The lives of merchants,
envoys, pilgrims, and travelers interacting in cosmopolitan communities. Exploration of
long-known and newly discovered archaeological ruins, along with primary sources in
translation. HU
* HIST 379Ja / HSHM 447a, History of Chinese Science William Summers
Major themes in Chinese scientific thinking from antiquity to the twentieth century.
Non-Western concepts of nature and the development of science in China; East-West
scientific exchanges; and China's role in modern science. WR, HU RP
HSAR 142a / RLST 187a / SAST 265a, Introduction to the History of Art: The
Classical Buddhist World Youn-mi Kim
Buddhist art and architecture of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and central Asia from
earliest beginnings to the tenth century, and including Greco-Roman, Persian, and
Islamic contact. HU
HSAR 351b, Chinese Landscape Painting Youn-mi Kim
Historical overview of Chinese landscape painting from the fourth to the twentieth
century, with an emphasis on stylistic development. Painting theory and aesthetics;
social discourse related to landscape painting in premodern Chinese intellectual history;
the Chinese response to Western art in modern times. Examination of paintings from
the Yale University Art Gallery. HU
HSAR 357a or b, Art and Architecture of Japan Mimi Yiengpruksawan
Survey of Japanese art and architecture from earliest times through the early nineteenth
century. Introduction to paradigmatic monuments, with a focus on programmatic
multimedia ensembles as found at Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines, Zen monastic
enclaves, military installations and castles, vernacular living spaces, and public
institutions of governance. HU
* HSAR 453a, Textiles of Asia, 8001800 C.E. Ruth Barnes
Survey of the great textile traditions of China, India, and the Islamic world from the
ninth through eighteenth centuries C.E. The roles of central and southeast Asia in
the transmission of styles and techniques. The cultural meaning, mobility, and crosscultural significance of textiles in Asia. Extensive use of the Yale University Art Gallery's
textile collections. HU
* HSAR 483a, Chinese Funerary Art Youn-mi Kim
Examination of major Chinese tomb sites from the third century B.C.E. to the
thirteenth century C.E., including the famous terracotta army of the First Emperor.
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Traces of religious rituals and of beliefs about the afterlife in funerary artworks; the
relations among visual art, religious views, and social values. HU
JAPN 170a, Introduction to Literary Japanese Edward Kamens
Introduction to the grammar and style of the premodern literary language (bungotai)
through a variety of texts. After JAPN 151 or equivalent. L5
* JAPN 171b, Readings in Literary Japanese William Fleming
Close analytical reading of a selection of texts from the Nara through the Tokugawa
periods: prose, poetry, and various genres. Introduction to kanbun. After JAPN 170 or
equivalent. L5
RLST 134a, Buddhism in China and Japan Staff
Introduction to Buddhism in East Asia through a close reading of original sources in
translation. Focus on the lives and teachings of several leading monks. Topics include
meditation, faith, rebirth, and secret rituals. HU
Modern Period
ANTH 170b, Chinese Culture, Society, and History Helen Siu
Anthropological explorations of basic institutions in traditional and contemporary
Chinese society. Topics include kinship and marriage, religion and ritual, economy and
social stratification, state culture, socialist revolution, and market reform. SO
* ANTH 234b / WGSS 234b, Disability and Culture Karen Nakamura
* ANTH 355b / AFST 355b, China-Africa Encounters Helen Siu
* ANTH 414a, Hubs, Mobilities, and World Cities Helen Siu
Analysis of urban life in historical and contemporary societies. Topics include capitalist
and postmodern transformations; class, gender, ethnicity, and migration; and global
landscapes of power and citizenship. SO RP
* EALL 271a / FILM 448a, Japanese Cinema after 1960 Aaron Gerow
required. HU
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* EALL 280b / FILM 307b, East Asian Martial Arts Film Aaron Gerow
* EALL 300b, Sinological Methods Pauline Lin
A research course in Chinese studies, designed for students with background in modern
and literary Chinese. Exploration and evaluation of the wealth of primary sources and
research tools available in Chinese. For native speakers of Chinese, introduction to the
secondary literature in English and instruction in writing professionally in English
on topics about China. Topics include the compilation and development of Chinese
bibliographies; bibliophiles' notes; editions, censorship, and textual variation and
reliability; specialized dictionaries; maps and geographical gazetteers; genealogies
and biographical sources; archaeological and visual materials; and major Chinese
encyclopedias and compendia. Prerequisite: CHNS 171 or equivalent. Formerly CHNS
202. HU
* EALL 351a, Advanced Readings in Modern Chinese Literature Jing Tsu
An introduction to literary criticism and history using texts in the original language.
Fiction and nonfiction written in Chinese in different parts of the world, with a focus
on the period from the nineteenth century to the present. Readings in Chinese; texts
in both simplified and traditional characters. After CHNS 163, 164, 165, or equivalent.
HU
HIST 366a, History of Cities in Modern Asia Peter Perdue and Mark Baker
The history of Asian cities, with emphasis on long-term processes of urbanization and
the daily life of hundreds of millions of people. Focus on China, now home to six of
the world's thirty largest cities. Includes discussion of Japan, India, and related areas as
well. HU
* HSAR 475b, Chinese Painting in the Seventeenth Century David Sensabaugh
Chinese painting from the masters of the late Ming period to the individualist and
orthodox masters of the early Qing dynasty. Issues of art based on either art or nature.
Attention to paintings from the period in the Yale University Art Gallery collection.
HU

Director of undergraduate studies: Marta Martnez Wells, 103 OML, 432-6294
marta.wells@yale.edu; eeb.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY

BIOLOGY
Professors Leo Buss, Nicholas Christakis, Peter Crane, Michael Donoghue,
Vivian Irish, Kenneth Kidd, David Post, Jeffrey Powell, Richard Prum, Eric Sargis,
Oswald Schmitz, David Skelly, Stephen Stearns, Paul Turner (Chair), J. Rimas
Vainys, Gnter Wagner
Associate Professors Alison Galvani, Walter Jetz, Thomas Near, Jeffrey Townsend,
David Vasseur
242
Assistant Professors Forrest Crawford, Carla Staver

Senior Lecturer Marta Martnez Wells
Lecturers Gisella Caccone, Mary Beth Decker, Linda Puth
The Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB) offers broad education in
the biological sciences. The subject matter includes molecules, cells, organs, organisms,
and ecosystems and the evolutionary processes that shape them. The department offers
a B.A. and a B.S. degree. The B.A. program is intended for students who are interested
in ecology, evolution, and organismal diversity as part of a liberal education but do not
intend to pursue graduate work in the discipline. The B.S. program is designed for
students planning to attend medical or veterinary school or to pursue graduate study
in ecology and evolutionary biology, other biological disciplines, or the environmental
sciences. The two programs share the same prerequisites and core requirements but
differ in their electives and senior requirements.
Students majoring in EEB select one of two tracks. The requirements for Track 1
emphasize courses appropriate for careers in ecology, evolutionary biology, and
environmental science; Track 2 is most appropriate for premedical and preveterinary
students because it allows them to use as electives many courses required by medical
schools. The EEB major offers opportunities for independent research in both
laboratory-based and field-based scientific investigations.
Courses for nonmajors Several EEB courses have no college-level prerequisites and
are suitable for nonmajors. These include all 100-level offerings as well as 200-level
courses that deal with particular organism groups such as plants, fish, mammals, birds,
or insects.
Prerequisites The prerequisites for the major are intended to provide core scientific
literacy; they include courses in biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics.
The introductory biology sequence BIOL 101, 102, 103, and 104 is required. Also
required are a two-term lecture sequence in chemistry, or CHEM 118, taken with their
associated laboratories, and one term of organic chemistry with laboratory. CHEM
124, 125, or CHEM 174, 175, taken with CHEM 222L, 223L, satisfies both chemistry
requirements. Two terms of physics are required, PHYS 170, 171 or higher, and one
term of mathematics, MATH 115 or higher or STAT 101106. A different statistics
course approved by the director of undergraduate studies may be substituted for the
mathematics prerequisite.
Acceleration credit awarded in chemistry, mathematics, and physics, or completion
of advanced courses in those departments, is accepted in place of the corresponding
prerequisites for the EEB major. Students who have mathematics preparation
equivalent to MATH 115 or higher are encouraged to take a statistics course (most often
STAT 101106) and/or additional mathematics courses such as MATH 120, 121, 222,
or 225. Because chemistry courses are prerequisite to several EEB courses, students are
strongly urged to take general and organic chemistry in the freshman and sophomore
years. Students who place out of general chemistry should take organic chemistry
243
during their freshman year. Finishing the prerequisites early allows for a more flexible
program in later years.
Placement Students can place out of the introductory biology sequence (BIOL 101, 102,
103, 104) only by means of the biology placement examination administered jointly by
the biological science departments, EEB, MB&B, and MCDB. For information about
the placement examination, refer to the Calendar for the Opening Days of College and the
Freshman Web site (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/new-students/class-2019/academicinformation/special-programs-placement-and-preregistration/biology).
Potential EEB majors are expected to take the mathematics placement test. Those who
place above the level of MATH 112 may proceed to prerequisite courses for the EEB
major; those who place into MATH 112 must take calculus before other prerequisites.
The Chemistry department arranges placement in chemistry courses.
Requirements of the major Beyond the prerequisites, the B.A. requires three lecture
courses and one laboratory, for three and one-half course credits, and the senior
requirement. In Track 1, the required courses are E&EB 220, 225, and a lecture course on
organismal diversity chosen from E&EB 246272, along with its associated laboratory.
Required courses in Track 2 include E&EB 290, 291L, BENG 350, and MCDB 300.
The B.S. requirements are the same as those for the B.A., with the addition of
at least two electives, for two course credits, in either Track 1 or Track 2. At least
one of the electives must be a lecture or a seminar. Most EEB, MCDB, or MB&B
courses numbered 200 or above qualify as electives, as do most research courses and
laboratories in a biological sciences department or in the Medical School. Courses
from other departments may qualify with permission of the director of undergraduate
studies.
Substitutions permitted Two upper-level courses in Geology and Geophysics
(excluding paleobiology courses), Mathematics, Computer Science, or Engineering
and Applied Science can be substituted for the required term of organic chemistry and
laboratory. The second term of organic chemistry and laboratory and up to two terms
of physics laboratories are allowed as electives. Courses from other departments may
also be suitable as electives. All substitutions require the permission of the director of
undergraduate studies. College seminars may not be counted toward the requirements
of the major.
Senior requirement Students in the B.A. degree program fulfill the senior requirement
either by completing one term of independent study in E&EB 470 or by writing a senior
essay. The senior essay may be related to the subject matter of a course, but the essay is
a separate departmental requirement in addition to any work done in a course and does
not count toward the grade in any course. Students intending to write a senior essay
must obtain an approval form from the office of the director of undergraduate studies
and have it signed by the essay adviser before the end of the course selection period.
Essays must be submitted to the director of undergraduate studies by the last day of
classes.
Students in the B.S. degree program fulfill the senior requirement by completing one
term of original research in E&EB 475, 495, or 496. Additional research courses may be
taken as electives in E&EB 474 and may be taken before the senior year.
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Credit/D/Fail No course taken Credit/D/Fail may be counted toward the EEB major,
including prerequisites.
Limit on research courses While independent research courses may be taken multiple
times for credit, there are restrictions on the number of such courses that can be
included in a student's curriculum. See Course Credits and Course Loads (p. 44) in the
Graduate courses of interest to undergraduates Graduate courses in the biological
and biomedical sciences that may be of interest to undergraduates are listed in the
Graduate School's online bulletin (http://www.yale.edu/printer/bulletin/htmlfiles/
grad), and many are posted on the Biological and Biomedical Sciences Web site (http://
bbs.yale.edu). Additional information is available from the director of undergraduate
studies and the director of graduate studies. Undergraduates with an appropriate
background may enroll with the permission of the director of graduate studies and the
instructor.
Advising Freshmen considering a major in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology are
invited to consult with the director of undergraduate studies. After the freshman year,
students should choose an adviser from the department faculty who has interests
comparable to their own and/or is a fellow of their residential college. For additional
information, visit the EEB departmental Web site (http://eeb.yale.edu). The course
schedules of all EEB majors (including sophomores intending to major in EEB) must
be signed by a faculty member in EEB; the signature of the director of undergraduate
studies is not required. Students whose regular adviser is on leave can consult the
director of undergraduate studies to arrange for an alternate.
Study abroad Participation in study abroad field programs is encouraged. Credit for
such programs may apply toward the major; interested students should consult the
director of undergraduate studies prior to going abroad.
Prerequisites BIOL 101, 102, 103, 104; 2-term chem lecture sequence or CHEM 118,
with labs; 1 term of organic chem with lab CHEM 174, 175 (or CHEM 124, 125) with
222L, 223L satisfies both chem requirements); PHYS 170, 171 or higher; MATH 115
or higher or STAT 101106
Number of courses B.A.3 course credits (not incl senior req); B.S.5 course
credits (not incl senior req)
Specific courses required Track 1E&EB 220, 225; 1 from E&EB 246272, with lab;
Track 2E&EB 290, 291L, BENG 350, MCDB 300
Distribution of courses B.S.2 electives
Substitutions permitted Other stat course approved by DUS for math or stat prereq;
two upper-level courses in G&G, Math, Comp Sci, or E&AS for organic chem
and lab, with DUS permission; the second term of organic chem and lab and two
physics labs for electives, with DUS permission
Senior requirement B.A.E&EB 470 or senior essay; B.S.E&EB 475, 495, or 496
245
* E&EB 106a / HLTH 155a / MCDB 106a, Biology of Malaria, Lyme, and Other
Vector-Borne Diseases Alexia Belperron
Introduction to the biology of pathogen transmission from one organism to another by
insects; special focus on malaria and Lyme disease. Modes of transmission and
establishment of infection; immune responses and the associated challenges to
prevention and treatment. Intended for nonscience majors. Prerequisite: high school
biology. sc
E&EB 115a / F&ES 315a, Conservation Biology Linda Puth and Jeffrey Powell
An introduction to ecological and evolutionary principles underpinning efforts to
conserve Earth's biodiversity. Efforts to halt the rapid increase in disappearance of both
plants and animals. Discussion of sociological and economic issues. SC
* E&EB 125b / G&G 125b, History of Life Derek Briggs
Examination of fossil and geologic evidence pertaining to the origin, evolution, and
history of life on Earth. Emphasis on major events in the history of life, on what the
fossil record reveals about the evolutionary process, on the diversity of ancient and
living organisms, and on the evolutionary impact of Earth's changing environment. SC
E&EB 145b, Plants and People Linda Puth
The interaction of plants and people throughout history explored from biological,
historical, anthropological, and artistic perspectives. Basic botany; plants in the context
of agriculture; plants as symbols; plants in the environment. Includes visits to the
Peabody Museum, the Marsh Botanical Garden, and the Yale Art Gallery. SC
E&EB 246a, Plant Diversity and Evolution Michael Donoghue
Introduction to the major plant groups and their evolutionary relationships, with an
emphasis on the diversification and global importance of flowering plants. To be taken
concurrently with E&EB 247L. Prerequisite: a general understanding of biology and
evolution. SC
E&EB 247La, Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Evolution Staff
Hands-on experience with the plant groups examined in the accompanying lectures.
Local field trips. To be taken concurrently with E&EB 246. SC Course cr
E&EB 250a, Biology of Terrestrial Arthropods Marta Wells
Evolutionary history and diversity of terrestrial arthropods (body plan, phylogenetic
relationships, fossil record); physiology and functional morphology (water relations,
thermoregulation, energetics of flying and singing); reproduction (biology of
reproduction, life cycles, metamorphosis, parental care); behavior (migration,
communication, mating systems, evolution of sociality); ecology (parasitism,
mutualism, predator-prey interactions, competition, plant-insect interactions). SC
E&EB 251La, Laboratory for Biology of Terrestrial Arthropods Marta Wells
Comparative anatomy, dissections, identification, and classification of terrestrial
arthropods; specimen collection; field trips. Concurrently with or after E&EB 250. SC
Course cr
* E&EB 272b, Ornithology Richard Prum
An overview of avian biology and evolution, including the structure, function, behavior,
and diversity of birds. The evolutionary origin of birds, avian phylogeny, anatomy,
246
physiology, neurobiology, breeding systems, and biogeography. Enrollment limited to

50. SC
* E&EB 273Lb, Laboratory for Ornithology Richard Prum
Laboratory and field studies of avian morphology, diversity, phylogeny, classification,
identification, and behavior. Enrollment limited to 12. SC Course cr

Prerequisites for all intermediate and advanced E&EB courses are BIOL 101, 102, 103,
and 104, or permission of the instructor.
E&EB 220a / EVST 223a, General Ecology Ann Staver and David Vasseur
The theory and practice of ecology, including the ecology of individuals, population
dynamics and regulation, community structure, ecosystem function, and ecological
interactions at broad spatial and temporal scales. Topics such as climate change,
fisheries management, and infectious diseases are placed in an ecological context.
Prerequisite: MATH 112 or equivalent. SC
* E&EB 223Lb, Evolution, Functional Traits, and the Tree of Life Marta Wells
Study of evolutionary novelties, their functional morphology, and their role in the
diversity of life. Introduction to techniques used for studying the diversity of animal
body plans. Evolutionary innovations that have allowed groups of organisms to increase
their diversity. SC Course cr
E&EB 225b, Evolutionary Biology Thomas Near and Paul Turner
An overview of evolutionary biology as the discipline uniting all of the life sciences.
Reading and discussion of scientific papers to explore the dynamic aspects of
evolutionary biology. Principles of population genetics, paleontology, and systematics;
application of evolutionary thinking in disciplines such as developmental biology,
ecology, microbiology, molecular biology, and human medicine. SC
Psychology: AdvSci NeuroTrk
* E&EB 230a / EVST 221a / F&ES 221a, Field Ecology Linda Puth
A field-based introduction to ecological research, using experimental and descriptive
approaches, comparative analysis, and modeling for field and small-group projects.
Weekly field trips explore local lake, salt marsh, rocky intertidal, traprock ridge,
and upland forest ecosystems. Includes one Saturday field trip and a three-day trip
during the October recess. Concurrently with or after E&EB 220 or with permission of
instructor. SC
* E&EB 235a / HLTH 250a, Evolution and Medicine Stephen Stearns
Introduction to the ways in which evolutionary science informs medical research and
clinical practice. Diseases of civilization and their relation to humans' evolutionary past;
the evolution of human defense mechanisms; antibiotic resistance and virulence in
pathogens; cancer as an evolutionary process. Students view course lectures on line;
class time focuses on discussion of lecture topics and research papers. Prerequisite:
BIOL 101104. WR, SC
* E&EB 275b / EVST 400b, Biological Oceanography Mary Beth Decker
Exploration of a range of coastal and pelagic ecosystems. Relationships between
biological systems and the physical processes that control the movements of water and
productivity of marine systems. Anthropogenic impacts on oceans, such as the effects of
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fishing and climate change. Includes three Friday field trips. Enrollment limited to 15.
SC
E&EB 290b, Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates Gnter Wagner
A survey of the structure, variation, and evolution of major vertebrate groups. Topics
include the microanatomy of major organ systems, the embryology of the vertebrate
body plan, and the structure and evolution of the major organ systems such as the
locomotory system, sensory organs, digestive tract, reproductive tract, and nervous
system. SC
* E&EB 291Lb, Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates Laboratory Gnter Wagner
Microscopic examination of histological and embryological preparations. Dissection of
selected vertebrate species including shark, bony fish, frog, lizard, and rat. To be taken
with E&EB 290. SC Course cr
E&EB 320b, Advanced Ecology David Vasseur
An advanced treatment of ecology, including species interactions, species coexistence
theory, species-environment interactions, the maintenance and consequences of
biological diversity, spatial ecology, food webs, and eco-evolutionary interactions.
Prerequisites: E&EB 220 and 225, or with permission of instructor. SC
* E&EB 380b, Life History Evolution Stephen Stearns
Life history evolution studies how the phenotypic traits directly involved in
reproductive success are shaped by evolution to solve ecological problems. The intimate
interplay between evolution and ecology. After E&EB 220 and 225, or with permission
of instructor. SC
E&EB 428a / AMTH 428a / G&G 428a / PHYS 428a, Science of Complex Systems
Jun Korenaga
* E&EB 460b / HLTH 480b, Studies in Evolutionary Medicine I Stephen Stearns
Principles of evolutionary biology applied to issues in medical research and practice.
Lactose and alcohol tolerance; the "hygiene hypothesis"; genetic variation in drug
response and pathogen resistance; spontaneous abortions, immune genes, and mate
choice; the evolution of aging; the ecology and evolution of disease; the emergence
of new diseases. Students develop proposals for research to be conducted during the
summer. Admission by competitive application; forms are available on the EEB Web
site (http://www.eeb.yale.edu). SC
* E&EB 461a / HLTH 481a, Studies in Evolutionary Medicine II Paul Turner
Continuation of E&EB 460. Prerequisite: E&EB 460 or permission of instructor. SC
* E&EB 469a or b, Tutorial Staff
Individual or small-group study for qualified students who wish to investigate an area
of ecology or evolutionary biology not presently covered by regular courses. A student
must be sponsored by a faculty member who sets requirements and meets weekly
with the student. One or more written examinations and/or a term paper are required.
248
To register, the student must submit a written plan of study approved by the faculty
instructor to the director of undergraduate studies. Students are encouraged to apply
during the term preceding the tutorial. Proposals must be submitted no later than the
first day of the second week of the term in which the student enrolls in the tutorial.
The final paper is due in the hands of the director of undergraduate studies by the last
day of reading period in the term of enrollment. In special cases, with approval of the
director of undergraduate studies, this course may be elected for more than one term,
but only one term may be counted as an elective toward the requirements of the major.
Normally, faculty sponsors must be members of the EEB department.
* E&EB 470a or b, Senior Tutorial Staff
Tutorial for seniors in the B.A. degree program who elect a term of independent
study to complete the senior requirement. A student must be sponsored by a faculty
member who sets requirements and meets weekly with the student. One or more
written examinations and/or a term paper are required. To register, the student must
submit a written plan of study approved by the faculty instructor to the director of
undergraduate studies. Students are encouraged to apply during the term preceding the
tutorial. Proposals must be submitted no later than the first day of the second week of
the term in which the student enrolls in the tutorial. The final paper is due in the hands
of the director of undergraduate studies by the last day of reading period in the term
of enrollment. Normally, faculty sponsors must be members of the EEB department.
Enrollment limited to seniors. Fulfills the senior requirement for the B.A. degree.
* E&EB 474a or b, Research Staff
One term of original research in an area relevant to ecology or evolutionary biology.
This may involve, for example, laboratory work, fieldwork, or mathematical or
computer modeling. Students may also work in areas related to environmental biology
such as policy, economics, or ethics. The research project may not be a review of
relevant literature but must be original. In all cases students must have a faculty
sponsor who oversees the research and is responsible for the rigor of the project.
Students are expected to spend ten hours per week on their research projects. Using
the form available from the office of undergraduate studies or from the Classes server,
students must submit a research proposal that has been approved by the faculty
sponsor to the director of undergraduate studies, preferably during the term preceding
the research. Proposals are due no later than the first day of the second week of the term
in which the student enrolls in the course. The final research paper is due in the hands
of the of the director of of undergraduate studies by the last day of reading period in the
term of enrollment.
* E&EB 475a or b, Senior Research Staff
One term of original research in an area relevant to ecology or evolutionary biology.
This may involve, for example, laboratory work, fieldwork, or mathematical or
computer modeling. Students may also work in areas related to environmental biology
such as policy, economics, or ethics. The research project may not be a review of
relevant literature but must be original. In all cases students must have a faculty
sponsor who oversees the research and is responsible for the rigor of the project.
Students are expected to spend ten hours per week on their research projects. Using
the form available from the office of undergraduate studies or from the Classes server,
students must submit a research proposal that has been approved by the faculty
sponsor to the director of undergraduate studies, preferably during the term preceding
Economics
249
the research. Proposals are due no later than the first day of the second week of the term
in which the student enrolls in the course. The final research paper is due in the hands
of the director of undergraduate studies by the last day of reading period in the term of
enrollment. Enrollment limited to seniors. Fulfills the senior requirement for the B.S.
degree.
* E&EB 495a and E&EB 496b, Intensive Senior Research Staff
One term of intensive original research during the senior year under the sponsorship of
a Yale faculty member. Similar to other research courses except that a more substantial
portion of a students time and effort should be spent on the research project (a
minimum average of twenty hours per week). A research proposal approved by the
sponsoring faculty member must be submitted to the director of undergraduate studies;
forms are available from the office of undergraduate studies. For research in the fall
term, approval is encouraged during the spring term of the junior year. Proposals are
due no later than the first day of the second week of the term in which the student
enrolls in the course. The final research paper is due in the hands of the director of
undergraduate studies by the last day of reading period in the term of enrollment.
One term of intensive research fulfills a portion of the senior requirement for the B.S.
degree. 2 Course cr per term
Economics
Director of undergraduate studies: Samuel Kortum, Rm. 305, 28 Hillhouse Ave.,
432-6217 or 432-3574, qazi.azam@yale.edu; economics.yale.edu/undergraduateprogram
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

Professors Joseph Altonji, Donald Andrews, Dirk Bergemann, Steven Berry, Truman
Bewley, Xiaohong Chen, Ray Fair, John Geanakoplos, Pinelopi Goldberg, Timothy
Guinnane, Philip Haile, Johannes Horner, Gerald Jaynes, Dean Karlan, Yuichi
Kitamura, Alvin Klevorick, Samuel Kortum, Naomi Lamoreaux, Giovanni Maggi,
Konstantinos Meghir, Giuseppe Moscarini, William Nordhaus, Peter Phillips, Benjamin
Polak, Mark Rosenzweig, Larry Samuelson, Robert Shiller, Anthony Smith, Aleh
Tsyvinski, Christopher Udry, Edward Vytlacil, Ebonya Washington
Associate Professors Costas Arkolakis, Eduardo Faingold, Amanda Kowalski, Nancy
Qian
Assistant Professors Timothy Armstrong, Jose-Antonio Espin-Sanchez, Mitsuru
Igami, Daniel Keniston, Ilse Lindenlaub, Michael Peters, Nicholas Ryan, Joseph
Shapiro, Eric Weese
Senior Lecturers Cheryl Doss, Tolga Koker, Douglas McKee
Lecturers Irasema Alonso, Michael Boozer, Katerina Simons
Economics concerns the wealth of nations, its origins in production and exchange,
its allocation among competing uses, its distribution among individuals, and its
accumulation or decline. Economics at Yale is regarded and taught as part of a liberal
education, not as a preparation for any particular vocation. Nonetheless, economics
provides an especially relevant background for a number of professions.
250
Requirements of the major Students majoring in Economics are required to take

twelve term courses. Two of these may be introductory economics courses, one in
microeconomics and one in macroeconomics. All majors must take the following
courses: one term of intermediate microeconomics (ECON 121 or 125); one term
of intermediate macroeconomics (ECON 122 or 126); one term of econometrics
(ECON 131, 132, or 136); and one Yale mathematics course, usually selected from
MATH 112, 115, 118, or 120. Students who place out of these mathematics courses
must take a higher-level mathematics course at Yale and should consult the director of
undergraduate studies in Economics. All of these required courses should be completed
prior to the senior year. Majors must also take two courses numbered ECON 400491,
at least one of which must be taken in the senior year.
Subject to approval by the director of undergraduate studies, students may count
toward the major one course related to economics but taught in another field, in
addition to the required course in mathematics.
Students who take a term abroad or take summer courses not at Yale may petition
the director of undergraduate studies to count at most two courses from outside Yale
toward the requirements of the major. Students who take a year abroad may petition to
count at most three courses. Many economics courses taken outside Yale do not meet
the requirements of the Economics major; students should consult with the director
of undergraduate studies before taking such courses. Courses taken outside Yale may
not be counted toward the major requirements in intermediate microeconomics,
intermediate macroeconomics, or econometrics.
Courses taken Credit/D/Fail and residential college seminars may not be counted
toward the requirements of the major.
Introductory courses Introductory courses serve students considering a major in
Economics as well as others who seek an introduction to the subject. Most students
enroll in ECON 115 and 116, lecture courses with a discussion section. ECON 115
is concerned with microeconomics and includes such topics as markets, prices,
production, distribution, and the allocation of resources. ECON 116 covers such
macroeconomic issues as unemployment, inflation, growth, and international
economics; it has a microeconomics prerequisite.
ECON 110 and 111 are limited-enrollment alternatives to ECON 115 and 116; they are
open only to freshmen selected from those who preregister. ECON 108 also covers
microeconomics, but with a greater emphasis on quantitative methods and examples.
It is intended for, but not restricted to, freshmen with little or no experience with
calculus. Enrollment is limited, and preregistration is required. ECON 108, 110, and
115 are similar in substance, and ECON 111 and 116 are similar in substance as well. A
student may receive credit for only one course each in introductory microeconomics and
introductory macroeconomics.
The department recommends that students interested in majoring in Economics take
introductory economics in the freshman year. In order to make the introductory courses
available to all freshmen and to students majoring in other subjects, the introductory
courses do not have a mathematics requirement.
Economics
251
Placement and exemptions for introductory courses Students with a score of 5 on the
Advanced Placement tests for microeconomics and macroeconomics and a score of 5 on
the Advanced Placement Calculus BC test may petition the director of undergraduate
studies to place out of introductory microeconomics and introductory macroeconomics
and enroll directly in intermediate microeconomics. It is recommended that students
with a score of 5 on the Advanced Placement economics tests but without a 5 on
the Calculus BC test take a Yale mathematics course such as MATH 115 or 120 and
then petition the director of undergraduate studies to place out of introductory
microeconomics and take intermediate microeconomics in the following term. Students
with high scores on examinations equivalent to Advanced Placement, such as the GCE
A-level or Higher Level International Baccalaureate, may also petition to be exempted
from the introductory courses. For other placement and exemption questions, consult
the departmental Web site (http://economics.yale.edu/undergraduate-program).
Mathematics Students are advised to meet the mathematics requirement for the major
during their freshman year. The department also recommends that majors either
complete MATH 118 or complete two term courses including MATH 120 and either 222
or 225. The latter two-term sequence is preferable for students who wish to take further
mathematics courses or who plan to pursue a graduate degree in economics.
Econometrics Students are advised to take a two-term sequence of statistics and
econometrics courses, especially if they are considering writing a senior essay. One
option is to take ECON 131 followed by 132. Students with a stronger mathematics
background or who plan to pursue a graduate degree in economics are encouraged to
take either ECON 135 or STAT 241 and 242, followed by ECON 136. Prospective majors
are urged to start their econometrics sequence in the fall of sophomore year.
Intermediate microeconomics and macroeconomics Along with econometrics,
intermediate microeconomics and macroeconomics form the core of the major. Two
options are available in both microeconomics and macroeconomics. The standard
intermediate courses are ECON 121 and 122. Students with a stronger mathematics
background are encouraged to take ECON 125 and 126 instead. The intermediate
courses need not be taken in sequence: in particular, ECON 125 is not required for 126.
Field courses The department offers a wide selection of upper-level courses that
explore in greater detail material presented in introductory courses. Advanced fields
of economics include theoretical, quantitative, and mathematical economics; market
organization; human resources; finance; international and development economics;
public policy and the public sector; and economic history. Some advanced field courses
have only introductory microeconomics as a prerequisite. Others apply intermediatelevel theory or econometrics to economic problems and institutions, and for this reason
list one or more of the theory or econometrics courses as prerequisites.
Advanced lecture courses Advanced lecture courses, numbered ECON 400439, are
limited-enrollment courses that cover relatively advanced material in more depth than
regular field courses. Prerequisites usually include two of intermediate microeconomics,
intermediate macroeconomics, and econometrics or a mathematics course such as
MATH 120. Advanced lecture courses may be applied toward the senior requirement.
While these courses vary in approach, they share features of other Economics courses:
252
like field courses, they devote some time to traditional lecturing, and like seminars, they
emphasize class interaction, the writing of papers, and the reading of journal articles.
Seminars Although there is diversity in approaches in the various seminars (courses
numbered ECON 440489), all have in common an emphasis on class interaction,
the writing of papers, and the reading of journal articles. Seminars represent an
opportunity for students to apply and extend the economics they have learned through
their earlier course work.
Enrollment in seminars and advanced lecture courses is limited. Senior Economics
majors who have not yet completed the senior requirement for the major are given
priority for these courses and may preregister; see the departmental Web site (http://
economics.yale.edu/undergraduate-program) for instructions. Students must take two
of three core courses in intermediate microeconomics, intermediate macroeconomics,
and econometrics before enrolling in a seminar. Underclassmen in the major and
nonmajors may also enroll in Economics seminars and advanced lecture courses as
space permits, but they do not preregister.
Senior requirement Majors are required to take two departmental courses numbered
ECON 400491, at least one of which must be taken in the senior year. The senior
requirement must be met by Yale Economics courses; courses in other departments or
taken elsewhere do not suffice.
Senior essay Only those majors who submit a senior essay are eligible for Distinction
in the Major. There are three types of senior essay: (1) students may write a oneterm essay in the fall of the senior year as an independent project on a topic of their
own design under the close and regular supervision of a faculty adviser (ECON 491);
(2) students may write a two-term essay starting in the fall of the senior year as
an independent project on a topic of their own design under the close and regular
supervision of a faculty adviser (ECON 491 and 492); or (3) students may write a oneterm essay in an advanced departmental course (numbered 400489) taken during
the fall term of the senior year, with the option of completing the essay in the spring
of the senior year as an independent project under the close and regular supervision
of a faculty adviser (ECON 492); under this option the instructor of the advanced
departmental course taken in the fall term typically serves as the faculty adviser.
Note that the essay must be written during the senior year and that students may
submit a senior essay only if they have an approved prospectus and a senior essay
adviser. Senior essays that are not submitted on time will receive a grade of Incomplete.
Senior essays with grades of Incomplete without permission of the residential college
dean are subject to grade penalties when submitted.
Meetings for seniors to discuss the senior essay will be held on Wednesday, September
2, at 4:30 p.m. and Thursday, September 3, at 1:30 p.m. in Room 106, 28 Hillhouse
Avenue. Details regarding calculations for Distinction in the Major will be discussed in
these meetings, and senior essay guidelines will be distributed. Senior essay prospectus
forms are due Monday, October 5, 2015.
Distinction in the Major To be considered for Distinction, students must meet the
appropriate grade standards as described in this bulletin under Honors (p. 31) and
submit a senior essay to the Economics department. Students who fail to submit
Economics
253
an essay will not be considered for Distinction in the Major. Grade computation
for Distinction does not include the introductory economics courses, the required
mathematics course, or courses taken outside Yale.
Graduate courses Well-qualified students who have acquired the requisite background
in undergraduate courses may, with written permission of the instructor, the director
of undergraduate studies, and the director of graduate studies, be admitted to
graduate courses and seminars. Descriptions of courses are available in the Economics
department office.
Students who are planning graduate work in economics should take additional
mathematics courses beyond the one-term course required for the major. Many
graduate programs in economics require courses in multivariate calculus and linear
algebra. Students are urged to discuss their plans for graduate work with the director of
undergraduate studies as early in their college careers as possible.
Faculty representatives The Economics department has faculty representatives
associated with each residential college. Students majoring in Economics should secure
written approval of their course selection from one of their college representatives.
Changes in their major program must be approved by a representative. Questions
concerning the major or programs of study should be directed to a college
representative. For 20152016 the college representatives are as follows:
BK
T. Guinnane, E. Weese
MC
J. Altonji, A. Smith
BR
K. Meghir, J. Shapiro
PC
D. Bergemann, M. Peters
CC
M. Igami, W. Nordhaus
SY
T. Bewley, J. Espin-Sanchez
DC
D. Keniston, C. Udry
SM
C. Arkolakis, G. Moscarini
TD
N. Lamoreaux, N. Ryan
ES
J. Geanakoplos, P. Haile
JE
R. Fair, P. Goldberg
TC
L. Samuelson, A. Tsyvinski

Prerequisites None
Distribution of courses 1 intro course in microeconomics, 1 in macroeconomics (or
equivalents with DUS permission); 1 math course, as specified
Specific courses required ECON 121 or 125; ECON 122 or 126; ECON 131, 132, or 136
Substitution permitted 1 related course in another dept, with DUS approval
Senior requirement 2 courses numbered ECON 400491, at least 1 in senior year
* ECON 108a or b, Quantitative Foundations of Microeconomics Staff
Introductory microeconomics with a special emphasis on quantitative methods
and examples. Intended for students with limited or no experience with calculus.
Enrollment limited. Online preregistration is required; visit economics.yale.edu/
undergraduate-program for more information. May not be taken after ECON 110 or 115.
QR, SO
254
* ECON 110a, An Introduction to Microeconomic Analysis Staff

Similar to ECON 115, but taught as a lecture discussion with limited enrollment.
Enrollment limited to freshmen. Online preregistration is required; visit: htpp://
economics.yale.edu/undergraduate-program for more information. May not be taken
after ECON 108 or 115. QR, SO
* ECON 111b, An Introduction to Macroeconomic Analysis Staff
Similar to ECON 116, but taught as a lecture discussion with limited enrollment.
Enrollment limited to freshmen. Online preregistration is required; visit
economics.yale.edu/undergraduate-program for more information. May not be taken after
ECON 116. Prerequisite: ECON 108, 110, or 115. SO
ECON 115a or b, Introductory Microeconomics Staff
An introduction to the basic tools of microeconomics to provide a rigorous framework
for understanding how individuals, firms, markets, and governments allocate scarce
resources. The design and evaluation of public policy. May not be taken after ECON
108 or 110. QR, SO
ECON 116a or b, Introductory Macroeconomics Staff
An introduction that stresses how the macroeconomy works, including the
determination of output, unemployment, inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates.
Economic theory is applied to current events. May not be taken after ECON 111.
Prerequisite: ECON 108, 110, or 115. SO
ECON 121a or b, Intermediate Microeconomics Staff
The theory of resource allocation and its applications. Topics include the theory of
choice, consumer and firm behavior, production, price determination in different
market structures, welfare, and market failure. After introductory microeconomics and
completion of the mathematics requirement for the major or its equivalent. Elementary
techniques from multivariate calculus are introduced and applied, but prior knowledge
is not assumed. May not be taken after ECON 125. QR, SO
* ECON 122a or b, Intermediate Macroeconomics Staff
Contemporary theories of employment, finance, money, business fluctuations, and
economic growth. Their implications for monetary and fiscal policy. Emphasis on
empirical studies, financial and monetary crises, and recent policies and problems.
Enrollment limited in the fall term. After two terms of introductory economics and
completion of the mathematics requirement for the major or its equivalent. May not be
taken after ECON 126. QR, SO
ECON 125a, Microeconomic Theory Eduardo Faingold
Similar to ECON 121 but with a more intensive treatment of consumer and producer
theory, and covering additional topics including choice under uncertainty, game theory,
contracting under hidden actions or hidden information, externalities and public goods,
and general equilibrium theory. Recommended for students considering graduate study
in economics. After introductory economics, and MATH 118 or 120 or equivalent. May
not be taken after ECON 121. QR, SO
* ECON 126b, Macroeconomic Theory Anthony Smith
Similar to ECON 122 but with a more intensive treatment of the mathematical
foundations of macroeconomic modeling, and with rigorous study of additional topics.
Economics
255
Recommended for students considering graduate study in economics. After two terms
of introductory economics, and MATH 118 or 120 or equivalent. May not be taken after
ECON 122. QR, SO
Econometrics and Statistics Courses

ECON 131a or b, Econometrics and Data Analysis I Staff
Basic probability theory and statistics, distribution theory, estimation and inference,
bivariate regression, introduction to multivariate regression, introduction to statistical
computing. After introductory microeconomics and MATH 112 or equivalent. QR, SO
ECON 132a or b, Econometrics and Data Analysis II Staff
Continuation of ECON 131, with a focus on multivariate regression. Topics include
statistical inference, choice of functional form, heteroskedasticity, serial correlation,
two-stage least squares, qualitative choice models, time series models, and forecasting.
Emphasis on statistical computing and the mechanics of how to conduct and present
empirical research. After two terms of introductory economics, completion of the
mathematics requirement for the major, and ECON 131 or 135 or a course in the STAT
101106 series. QR, SO
ECON 135a, Introduction to Probability and Statistics Timothy Armstrong
Foundations of mathematical statistics: probability theory, distribution theory,
parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, regression, and computer programming.
Recommended for students considering graduate study in economics. After
introductory microeconomics and either (1) MATH 118; or (2) MATH 120 and either
MATH 222 or MATH 225. QR, SO
ECON 136b, Econometrics Yuichi Kitamura
Continuation of ECON 135 with a focus on econometric theory and practice: problems
that arise from the specification, estimation, and interpretation of models of economic
behavior. Topics include classical regression and simultaneous equations models;
panel data; and limited dependent variables. Recommended for students considering
graduate study in economics. After ECON 135 or STAT 241 and 242. QR, SO
Field Courses
ECON 159b, Game Theory Barry Nalebuff
An introduction to game theory and strategic thinking. Ideas such as dominance,
backward induction, Nash equilibrium, evolutionary stability, commitment, credibility,
asymmetric information, adverse selection, and signaling are applied to games played in
class and to examples drawn from economics, politics, the movies, and elsewhere. After
introductory microeconomics. No prior knowledge of game theory assumed. QR, SO
ECON 170a, Health Economics and Public Policy Howard Forman
Application of economic principles to the study of the U.S. health care system.
Emphasis on basic principles about the structure of the U.S. system, current problems,
proposed solutions, and the context of health policy making and politics. After
introductory microeconomics. SO
ECON 182b / HIST 135b, American Economic History Naomi Lamoreaux
The growth of the American economy since 1790, both as a unique historical record
and as an illustration of factors in the process of economic development. The
256
American experience viewed in the context of its European background and patterns of
industrialization overseas. After introductory microeconomics. WR, SO
ECON 184b / GLBL 234b, International Economics Peter Schott
Introduction to conceptual tools useful for understanding the strategic choices made
by countries, firms, and unions in a globalized world. After two terms of introductory
economics. SO
ECON 185a / GLBL 237a, Debates in Macroeconomics Stephen Roach and Aleh
Tsyvinski
Introduction to current theoretical and practical debates in macroeconomics. Inclass debates between the instructors on topics such as economic crises, fiscal and
monetary policy, inflation, debt, and financial regulations. Prerequisites: introductory
microeconomics and macroeconomics. SO
ECON 187a, European Economic History, 18151945 Timothy Guinnane
European economic growth and development from the industrialization of Germany
and other Continental countries in the early nineteenth century through World War II.
The role of institutional development, the role of trade and imperialism, agricultural
improvements, and industrialization. After two terms of introductory economics. SO
ECON 251a, Financial Theory John Geanakoplos
Capital asset pricing model, arbitrage pricing theory, option pricing, social security,
operation of security exchanges, investment banks, securitization, mortgage derivatives,
interest rate derivatives, hedge funds, financial crises, agency theory, and financial
incentives. After introductory microeconomics. QR, SO
ECON 252b, Financial Markets Robert Shiller
An overview of the ideas, methods, and institutions that permit human society to
manage risks and foster enterprise. Description of practices today and analysis of
prospects for the future. Introduction to risk management and behavioral finance
principles to understand the functioning of securities, insurance, and banking
industries. After two terms of introductory economics. SO
ECON 255b, Introduction to Corporate Finance Jose-Antonio Espin-Sanchez
Introduction to the concepts and techniques necessary to analyze and implement
optimal investment decisions. Prerequisite: introductory microeconomics. SO
ECON 275b / PLSC 218b, Public Economics Ebonya Washington
The role of government in the economy and in our economic lives. Reasons for
government intervention in the market economy and the impact of government
expenditure programs and taxation systems on welfare and behavior. Tools of
microeconomics applied to issues such as government response to global warming,
the impact of redistribution and social insurance on individual behavior, school choice,
social security vs. private retirement savings accounts, and government vs. private
health insurance. After introductory microeconomics. SO
ECON 325a, Economics of Developing Countries Nancy Qian
Analysis of current problems of developing countries. Emphasis on the role of economic
theory in informing public policies to achieve improvements in poverty and inequality,
and on empirical analysis to understand markets and responses to poverty. Topics
include microfinance, education, health, agriculture, intrahousehold allocations, gender,
and corruption. After introductory microeconomics and econometrics. SO
Economics
257
ECON 327b, The Economics of Poverty Alleviation Dean Karlan

Measures that succeed and failand whyin the fight against poverty in developing
countries. Fundamentals of behavioral economics and their application to policy
and program design. When and how to use experimental methods to evaluate ideas
and programs. Interventions and policies that apply to households, small firms, and
communities, with particular attention to microfinance, health, and education. After
introductory microeconomics and econometrics. WR, SO
ECON 330b / EVST 340b, Economics of Natural Resources Robert Mendelsohn
Microeconomic theory brought to bear on current issues in natural resource policy.
Topics include regulation of pollution, hazardous waste management, depletion of the
world's forests and fisheries, wilderness and wildlife preservation, and energy planning.
After introductory microeconomics. QR, SO
ECON 338a / EAST 338a / GLBL 318a, The Next China Stephen Roach
ECON 339a, Advance Competition Economics and Policy Fiona Scott Morton
Limits that antitrust laws, as applied and interpreted by agencies, courts, and
competitors, place on firm behavior. Economic theories underlying antitrust
enforcement. Whether legal rules restricting competitive behavior increase social
welfare and how they affect managerial choices. The evidence and reasoning advanced
in key antitrust cases; how outcomes may affect social welfare and firm strategies. Goals
and procedures of US and EU antitrust agencies. SO
ECON 350a, Mathematical Economics: General Equilibrium Theory Truman Bewley
An introduction to general equilibrium theory and its extension to equilibria involving
uncertainty and time. Discussion of the economic role of insurance and of intertemporal
models, namely, the overlapping generations model and the optimal growth theory
model. Recommended for students considering graduate study in economics. After
MATH 118 or 120, and intermediate microeconomics. QR, SO
ECON 351b, Mathematical Economics: Game Theory Johannes Horner
Introduction to game theory and choice under uncertainty. Analysis of the role of
information and uncertainty for individual choice behavior, as well as application to the
decision theory under uncertainty. Analysis of strategic interaction among economic
agents, leading to the theory of auctions and mechanism design. Recommended
for students considering graduate study in economics. After MATH 118, 120, and
intermediate microeconomics. QR, SO
ECON 371b, Financial Time Series Econometrics Xiaohong Chen
Survey of methods used to analyze financial time series data. Classic linear models;
autocorrelation in error variances; methods that allow for nonlinearities; methods
tailored to analysis of high-frequency data and modeling of value at risk; vector
autoregressive models; factor models; the Kalman filter. Prerequisites: ECON 131 and
132, or ECON 135 and 136. SO
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Advanced Lecture Courses

Senior Economics majors may preregister for advanced lecture courses; see the
departmental Web site (http://economics.yale.edu/undergraduate-program) for
instructions. Other interested students may enroll with permission of the instructor
during the course selection period.
* ECON 407b / GLBL 310b, International Finance Konstantinos Arkolakis
A study of how consumers and firms are affected by the globalization of the world
economy. Topics include trade costs, the current account, exchange rate pass-through,
international macroeconomic co-movement, multinational production, and gains from
globalization. Prerequisite: intermediate macroeconomics or equivalent. SO
ECON 409b, Firms, Markets, and Competition Philip Haile
Analysis of imperfectly competitive markets, focusing on the interactions among firm
behavior, market structure, and market outcomes. Topics include oligopoly, collusion,
predation, firm entry, advertising, and price discrimination as well as public policy
implications of market behavior. After intermediate microeconomics or equivalent.
QR, SO
* ECON 410b, The Economics of Innovation Mitsuru Igami
Study of forces that drive the process of innovation. Creativity and creative destruction;
the innovator's dilemma; incentives to innovate; competitive advantage; industry
evolution; intellectual property. Use of both formal theoretical models and quantitative
empirical studies, as well as descriptive studies from management strategy and
economic history. Prerequisites: econometrics and intermediate microeconomics.
* ECON 412a, International Environmental Economics Joseph Shapiro
Introduction to international and environmental economics and to research that
combines the two fields. Methods for designing and analyzing environmental policy
when economic activity and pollution cross political borders. Effects of market
openness on the environment and on environmental regulation; international
economics and climate change. Prerequisites: intermediate microeconomics and
econometrics. SO
* ECON 413b / AMTH 437b / EENG 437b, Optimization Techniques Sekhar
Tatikonda
AMTH 237. QR
Seminars
Senior Economics majors may preregister for departmental seminars; see the
departmental Web site (http://economics.yale.edu/undergraduate-program) for
instructions. Other interested students may enroll with permission of the instructor
during the course selection period.
Economics
259
* ECON 450a, Investment Analysis Dean Takahashi

Examination of investment management in theory and practice. Discussion of asset
allocation, investment strategy, and manager selection from the perspective of an
institutional investor. Focus on the degree of market efficiency and opportunity for
generating attractive returns. SO
* ECON 452b / EP&E 300b / GLBL 302b, Contemporary Issues in Energy Policy
Ioannis Kessides
Overview of challenges in the global energy framework generated by concerns about
energy security and climate change; public policies necessary for addressing these
issues. Potential contributions and limitations of existing, improved or transitional, and
advanced technologies. SO
* ECON 456a, Private Equity Investing Michael Schmertzler
A case-oriented study of principal issues and investment types found in substantial
private equity portfolios. Discussion of enterprise valuation, value creation, business
economics, negotiation, and legal structure, based on primary source materials and
original cases. Prerequisites: intermediate microeconomics and econometrics. SO
* ECON 457b / EP&E 221b, Economics, Politics, and History: Institutional Design
and Institutional Change Jose-Antonio Espin-Sanchez
The efficiency and distributive consequences of institutions' governing of human
relationships. Efficiency concerns with the size of the "pie"; ways in which different
institutions generate a bigger "pie" than others. Distribution concerns with who gets a
bigger piece of the "pie." Why "bad" institutions persist over time; what can be done to
change from bad/old institutions to good/new institutions. Prerequisites: intermediate
micro- or macroeconomics, and a course in statistics and probability. SO
* ECON 461b, Economics, Addiction, and Public Policy Jody Sindelar
Smoking, alcoholism, illicit drugs, and obesity studied from economic and policy
perspectives. Focus on causes of and solutions to problems. After introductory
microeconomics. SO
* ECON 462b / EP&E 228b / GLBL 316b / LAST 410b, The Economics of Human
Capital in Latin America Douglas McKee
Economic issues related to a population's education, skills, and health; focus on
contemporary Latin American societies. Determinants of health and education;
evaluation of human capital development policies; the role of human capital in a variety
of economic contexts, including the labor market, immigration, child investment,
intrahousehold bargaining, inequality, and poverty. Prerequisites: intermediate
microeconomics and econometrics. SO
* ECON 464a / AFST 464a, The Economics of Africa Cheryl Doss
* ECON 465a / EP&E 224a / GLBL 330a, Debating Globalization Ernesto Zedillo
Facets of contemporary economic globalization, including trade, investment, and
migration. Challenges and threats of globalization: inclusion and inequality, emerging
global players, global governance, climate change, and nuclear weapons proliferation.
260
Prerequisite: background in international economics and data analysis. Preference to

seniors majoring in Economics or EP&E. SO RP
* ECON 467b / GLBL 307b, Economic Evolution of the Latin American and Caribbean
Countries Ernesto Zedillo
Economic evolution and prospects of the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC)
countries. Topics include the period from independence to the 1930s; import
substitution and industrialization to the early 1980s; the debt crisis and the "lost
decade"; reform and disappointment in the late 1980s and the 1990s; exploration
of selected episodes in particular countries; and speculations about the future.
Prerequisities: intermediate microeconomics and macroeconomics. SO
* ECON 469a / EP&E 470a / GLBL 325a, Health Inequality and Development Staff
Economic analysis of the interactions between health, inequality, and development.
Growth and development; health and well-being; burden of disease and funding
for health; the relationship between growth and health; international health policy.
Prerequisite: introductory microeconomics and macroeconomics. SO
* ECON 471b / EP&E 297b, Topics in Cooperative Game Theory Pradeep Dubey
The theory and applications of cooperative games. Topics include matching,
bargaining, cost allocation, market games, voting games, and games on networks.
Prerequisite: intermediate microeconomics.
* ECON 473b / EP&E 227b / PLSC 343b, Equality John Roemer
Egalitarian theories of justice and their critics. Readings in philosophy are paired with
analytic methods from economics. Topics include Rawlsian justice, utilitarianism,
the veil of ignorance, Dworkin's resource egalitarianism, Roemer's equality of
opportunity, Marxian exploitation, and Nozickian procedural justice. Some discussion
of American economic inequality, Nordic social democracy, and the politics of
inequality. Recommended preparation: intermediate microeconomics. SO
* ECON 474b / EAST 454b / GLBL 312b, Economic and Policy Lessons from Japan
Stephen Roach
* ECON 475b / EP&E 286b, Discrimination in Law, Theory, and Practice Gerald
Jaynes
How law and economic theory define and conceptualize economic discrimination;
whether economic models adequately describe behaviors of discriminators as
documented in court cases and government hearings; the extent to which economic
theory and econometric techniques aid our understanding of actual marketplace
discrimination. Prerequisites: introductory microeconomics and at least one additional
course in Economics, African American Studies, Ethnicity, Race, and Migration, or
Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies.
* ECON 481a / EP&E 298a, Empirical Microeconomics Jessica Reyes
Introduction to empirical microeconomics and its methodologies. Academic research in
the field explored using tools from economic theory and econometrics. Topics include
Economics
261
approaches to identification, environmental effects on health, and the economics of

crime, gender, and race. Prerequisites: intermediate microeconomics and econometrics.
SO
* ECON 484b / EP&E 482b, Political Economy: Separatism and Annexation Eric
Weese
Formal political-economy models of jurisdiction formation, with a focus on changes
in national and subnational boundaries. Application of models to issues such as
problematic colonial boundaries in Africa, the apparent success of very small countries,
and the role of democracy in recent municipal amalgamations in Canada and Japan.
Prerequisites: econometrics and intermediate micro- and macroeconomics.
* ECON 487a / AFST 360a / EP&E 365a / GLBL 313a / PLSC 417a, The Political
* ECON 489a, Auctions and Bidding Staff
Introduction to the theory of auctions and competitive bidding. Auction formats and
their relation to strategies used by bidders and sellers. Topics include the revenue
equivalence theorem, optimal auctions, the winner's curse, double auctions, auctions of
multiple objects, and collusion. Prerequisite: intermediate microeconomics.
Senior Essay and Directed Reading Courses

* ECON 491a and ECON 492b, The Senior Essay Samuel Kortum
Students deciding to write one-term senior essays by enrolling in ECON 491, or twoterm senior essays by enrolling in ECON 491 and 492, must choose their topics and
advisers by Monday, September 28, 2015. One-term senior essays are due at the end
of the last week of classes in the fall term. Two-term senior essays are due by 4:30
p.m. on Wednesday, April 6, 2016. Students writing senior essays who would like to
be considered for Distinction in the Major must submit three copies of their essay to the
Economics department office by 4:30 p.m. on Wednesday, April 6, 2016. Advisers are
chosen with the assistance of the director of undergraduate studies. The format and
character of the departmental senior essay may vary to suit the interest of the student
and the demands of the topic, but it is expected that the tools and concepts of economic
analysis will be employed and that the essay will contain original research. Paper
lengths may vary; the normal expectation is thirty pages. Students may receive up to
two credits for the senior essay, though it counts as only one departmental seminar
whether one or two terms are taken. Meetings for seniors to discuss the senior essay
will be held on Wednesday, September 2, at 4:30 p.m. and Thursday, September 3,
at 1:30 p.m. in Room 106, 28 Hillhouse Avenue. Seniors planning to write either a
one-term or a two-term senior essay should attend one of these meetings. Details
regarding calculation of Distinction will be discussed and senior essay guidelines will
be distributed.
* ECON 498a and ECON 499b, Directed Reading Samuel Kortum
Students desiring a directed reading course in special topics in economics not covered
in other graduate or undergraduate courses may elect this course, usually not more
than once, with written permission of the director of undergraduate studies and of
262
the instructor. The instructor meets with the student regularly, typically for an hour
a week, and the student writes a paper or a series of short essays. Does not meet the
requirement for a departmental seminar.
Economics and Mathematics

Directors of undergraduate studies: Samuel Kortum (Economics), Rm. 305,
28 Hillhouse Ave., 432-6217 or 432-3574, qazi.azam@yale.edu; Andrew Casson
(Mathematics), 216 LOM, 432-7056, andrew.casson@yale.edu
The Economics and Mathematics major is intended for students with a strong
intellectual interest in both mathematics and economics and for students who may
pursue a graduate degree in economics.
Prerequisites The major has prerequisites in both mathematics and economics:
MATH 120; ECON 110 or 115; and ECON 111 or 116. With permission of the directors
of undergraduate studies, upper-level courses may be substituted for prerequisite
courses. Upper-level courses substituted for prerequisites do not count toward the total
of twelve term courses (beyond the introductory level in economics and mathematics)
required for the major.
Requirements of the major A total of twelve term courses is required beyond the
introductory level in economics and in mathematics: seven term courses in economics
and five term courses in mathematics. These courses must include:
1. One intermediate microeconomics course chosen from ECON 121 or 125, and one
intermediate macroeconomics course chosen from ECON 122 or 126
2. A year of mathematical economics, ECON 350 and 351
3. Two courses in econometrics, ECON 135 and 136 (with permission of the director
of undergraduate studies in Economics, STAT 241 and 242 may be taken instead
of ECON 135, in which case they count as one economics course and not as
mathematics courses)
4. A course in linear algebra, MATH 222 or 225 (or 230 and 231, for two course credits)
5. An introductory course in analysis, MATH 300 or 301
6. The senior seminar in mathematics, MATH 480
Distinction in the Major To be considered for Distinction in the Major, students must
meet minimum grade standards, as specified in the Undergraduate Curriculum (p. 31)
section, and submit a senior essay written either in an Economics department seminar
or in ECON 491 or in ECON 491 and 492 to the Economics department; for details
see under Economics (p. 249). (The paper must be written in a course taken in the
senior year.) All courses beyond the introductory level in Mathematics and Economics
are counted in the computation of grades for Distinction.
Approval of program Students interested in the major should consult both directors
of undergraduate studies, and verify with each that their proposed program meets
Education Studies
263
the relevant guidelines. Registration forms must be signed by both directors of

undergraduate studies each term.

Prerequisites MATH 120; ECON 110 or 115; ECON 111 or 116
Distribution of courses 5 courses in math and 7 in econ
Specific courses required ECON 121 or 125; ECON 122 or 126; ECON 135, 136, 350, 351;
MATH 222 or 225 (or 230, 231); MATH 300 or 301
Substitution permitted STAT 241 and 242 for ECON 135, with permission of DUS in
Econ
Senior requirement Senior sem in math (MATH 480); optional senior essay in Econ
Education Studies
Director: Elizabeth Carroll, 111 SSS, 432-4631, elizabeth.carroll@yale.edu;
yalecollege.yale.edu/content/education-studies
Education Studies is a special academic program in Yale College that provides a
structure for students interested in educational institutions, policy, teaching, and
learning. The program promotes a multidisciplinary understanding of the role of
education historically, socially, politically, and economically.
Any Yale College student interested in education studies may take the introductory
survey course, EDST 110, Foundations in Education Studies. This lecture course
explores the historical, philosophical, and theoretical underpinnings of the field and
helps students understand the critical role of education in society. The course examines
aspects of education practice, research, and policy.
In the fall of the sophomore year, students who have successfully completed or are
currently enrolled in EDST 110 may apply to become a Yale Education Studies Scholar.
The program selects students with appropriate background and interest in education
practice, research, and/or policy, and develops their experience and involvement in
issues related to education. Each cohort of students participates in symposia and
other events, explores educational topics through collaboration, and establishes an
advising relationship with mentors. Education Studies Scholars also gain practical
experience through an appropriate academic-year educational opportunity or summer
field experience.
Each Education Studies Scholar develops a course plan that advances the student's
interests in an aspect of education studies. To fulfill the requirements of the program,
students must complete EDST 110, at least two electives, a capstone research project
during the spring term of the senior year, and the requirements of a Yale College major.
Courses
EDST 110a, Foundations in Education Studies Elizabeth Carroll
Introduction to key issues and debates in the U.S. public education system. Focus on
the nexus of education practice, policy, and research. Social, scientific, economic, and
264
political forces that shape approaches to schooling and education reform. Theoretical
and practical perspectives from practitioners, policymakers, and scholars. SO
* EDST 125a / CHLD 125a / PSYC 125a, Child Development Nancy Close
* EDST 127a / CHLD 127a / PSYC 127a, Theory and Practice of Early Childhood
* EDST 128b / CHLD 128b / PSYC 128b, Language, Literacy, and Play Nancy Close
and Carla Horwitz
* EDST 131a / CHLD 131a / HLTH 270a, The Growing Child in Global Context Erika
Christakis
EDST 150a, Theory and Practice of Emotional Intelligence Marc Brackett
The role of emotions and emotional intelligence in everyday life and in education.
Why emotions matter; how emotional intelligence is defined, measured, and taught;
social and emotional learning. Research, theory, educational practices, and government
policies that promote students' social, emotional, and academic competence from
preschool through high school. SO
* EDST 191b / CHLD 126b, Clinical Child Development and Assessment of Young
Children Nancy Close
Exposure to both conceptual material and clinical observations on the complexity of
assessing young children and their families. SO Course cr
* EDST 210a, Theory and Practice in American Education Richard Hersh
Roles played by primary, secondary, and higher education in American society. The
idealized purposes, nature, and value of education compared to actual practice. The
goals of education at all levels; the degree to which such goals are being achieved.
Vocational vs. liberal education; the obligations and limits of formal education in
helping students overcome social and economic inequities. Preference to Education
Studies Scholars and to students who have completed EDST 110. SO
265
* EDST 240a, Cities, Suburbs, and School Choice Staff

The changing dynamic between cities and suburbs and the role of individuals and
institutions in promoting desegregation or perpetuating segregation since the midtwentieth century. The government's role in the expansion of suburbs; desegregating
schools; the rise of school choice through magnets and charters; the effects of innerring suburban desegregation and of urban gentrification on the landscape of education
reform. Recommended preparation: EDST 110. Preference to Education Studies
Scholars. SO RP
Director of undergraduate studies: Mark Reed, 523 BCT, 432-4306,
mark.reed@yale.edu; seas.yale.edu/departments/electrical-engineering
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Professors James Duncan, Jung Han, Roman Kuc, Tso-Ping Ma, A. Stephen Morse,
Kumpati Narendra, Mark Reed, Peter Schultheiss (Emeritus), Lawrence Staib, Hemant
Tagare, Leandros Tassiulas, J. Rimas Vainys, Y. Richard Yang
Associate Professors Minjoo Lee, Richard Lethin (Adjunct), Hongxing Tang, Sekhar
Tatikonda
Assistant Professors Wenjun Hu, Amin Karbasi, Jakub Szefer, Fengnian Xia
Electrical Engineering broadly encompasses disciplines such as microelectronics,
photonics, computer engineering, signal processing, control systems, and
communications, all of which enable and underpin a modern technological society.
Three degree programs are offered that allow students to select the level of technical
depth appropriate for individual goals. The B.A. in Engineering Sciences (Electrical) is
suitable for a career outside technology, in which a student nevertheless benefits from
an appreciation of electrical engineering perspectives. The B.S. in Engineering Sciences
(Electrical) provides more technical exposure while retaining academic options outside
the electrical engineering core area. The B.S. in Electrical Engineering, accredited by
the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET, Inc., is appropriate for highly
motivated students who are interested in learning the scientific fundamentals and the
technologies and creative processes of contemporary electrical engineering.
The program's educational objectives prepare students for four potential paths. An
academic path qualifies graduates to enter a top-tier graduate program conducting
research with broad applications or significant consequences, and eventually to teach
at an academic or research institution. Graduates following an industrial path can
enter a managerial or policy-making position that provides significant value to a
company. An entrepreneurial path allows graduates to bring broad knowledge to a
startup company, which can deliver a device that meets societal needs. Graduates who
elect a nontraditional engineering path might complete a professional program such as
business, law, or medicine, to which their engineering knowledge can be applied.
Because the introductory courses are common to all three degree programs, students
do not usually need to make a final choice before the junior year. An interdepartmental
program with Computer Science (p. 273) is also offered, and students can pursue
interdisciplinary studies in other areas of engineering and science.
266
Prerequisites All three degree programs require MATH 112, 115, ENAS 151 or
MATH 120 or higher, ENAS 130, and PHYS 180, 181 or higher (PHYS 170, 171 is
acceptable for the B.A. degree). Acceleration credits awarded on entrance can be used
to satisfy the MATH 112 and 115 requirements. Students whose preparation exceeds the
level of ENAS 151 or MATH 120 are asked to take a higher-level mathematics course
instead, such as MATH 250. Similarly, students whose preparation at entrance exceeds
the level of PHYS 180, 181 are asked to take higher-level physics courses instead, such as
PHYS 200, 201. Students whose programming skills exceed the level of ENAS 130 are
asked to take a more advanced programming course instead, such as CPSC 201; consult
with the director of undergraduate studies.
B.S. degree program in Electrical Engineering The ABET-accredited B.S. in Electrical
Engineering requires, beyond the prerequisites, four term courses in mathematics and
science and thirteen term courses in topics in engineering. These courses include:
1. Mathematics and basic science (four term courses): ENAS 194; MATH 222 or 225;
APHY 322 or equivalent; STAT 238, 241, or equivalent.
2. Electrical engineering and related subjects (thirteen term courses): EENG 200, 201,
202, 203, 310, 320, 325, 348, 481 (the senior project); and four engineering electives,
at least three of which should be at the 400 level. MENG 390, CPSC 365, and all
400-level Computer Science courses qualify as ABET electives.
Each student's program must be approved by the director of undergraduate studies.
For students who have taken the equivalent of one year of calculus in high school, a
typical ABET-accredited B.S. program might include:
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
EENG 200
EENG 202
APHY 322
EENG 481
EENG 201
EENG 203
EENG 310
Four electives
ENAS 151 or
MATH 120
ENAS 130
EENG 320
MATH 222
ENAS 194
EENG 325
PHYS 180
STAT 241
EENG 348
PHYS 181
For students who start with MATH 112, a typical ABET-accredited B.S. program might
include:
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
EENG 201
EENG 200
EENG 202
APHY 322
ENAS 130
ENAS 151 or
MATH 120
EENG 203
EENG 481
MATH 112
ENAS 194
EENG 310
STAT 241
MATH 115
MATH 222
EENG 320
Four electives
PHYS 180
EENG 325
PHYS 181
EENG 348
267
Faster-paced and slower-paced variations are possible, depending on the student's

level of preparation and commitment to the major; consult with the director of
B.S. degree program in Engineering Sciences (Electrical) This program requires
fewer technical courses and allows more freedom for work in technical areas outside the
traditional electrical engineering disciplines (e.g., economics or cognitive psychology).
It requires thirteen technical term courses beyond the prerequisites, specifically:
MATH 222 or 225; ENAS 194; EENG 200, 201, 202, 203; EENG 471 or 472, or, with
permission of the director of undergraduate studies, 481 (the senior project); and six
electives approved by the director of undergraduate studies, at least three of which must
be at the 400 level.
For students who have taken the equivalent of one year of calculus in high school, a
typical program for this degree might include:
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
EENG 200
EENG 202
Three electives
EENG 471 or 472
EENG 201
EENG 203
ENAS 151 or
MATH 120
ENAS 130
MATH 222
ENAS 194
Three electives
PHYS 180
PHYS 181
For students who start with MATH 112, a typical program for this degree might
include:
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
EENG 201
EENG 200
EENG 202
EENG 471 or 472
ENAS 130
ENAS 151 or
MATH 120
EENG 203
Four electives
MATH 112
ENAS 194
Two electives
MATH 115
MATH 222
PHYS 180
PHYS 181
Faster-paced and slower-paced variations are possible, depending on the student's

level of preparation and commitment to the major; consult with the director of
undergraduate studies. The implied flexibility during the junior and senior years in
the schedules above is often used to accommodate a second major, such as Economics
(p. 249), or to master a related technical area, such as recent developments in
biology or environmental studies.
B.A. degree program in Engineering Sciences (Electrical) This program is appropriate
for those planning a career in fields such as business, law, or medicine where scientific
and technical knowledge is likely to be useful. It requires eight technical term courses
beyond the prerequisites, specifically: MATH 222 or 225, or ENAS 194; EENG 200, 201,
202, and 471 or 472 (the senior requirement); and three approved electives.
268
Senior requirement A research or design project carried out in the senior year is
required in all three programs. The student must take EENG 471, 472, or 481, present
a written report, and make an oral presentation. The written report is due in the
departmental office by the last day of reading period. Arrangements to undertake
a project in fulfillment of the senior requirement must be made by the end of the
reading period of the preceding term, when a registration form (available from
the departmental office), signed by the intended faculty adviser and the director of
undergraduate studies, must be submitted.
Approval of programs All Electrical Engineering and Engineering Sciences majors
must have their programs approved by the director of undergraduate studies.
Arrangements to take EENG 471, 472, or 481 must be made during the term preceding
enrollment in the course. Courses taken Credit/D/Fail may not be counted toward the
requirements of the major. Independent research courses taken before the senior year
are graded on a Pass/Fail basis but may be counted toward the requirements of the
major.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, B.S.
Prerequisites MATH 112, 115; ENAS 151 or MATH 120 or higher; ENAS 130;
PHYS 180, 181 or higher
Number of courses 17 term courses beyond prereqs, incl senior req
Specific courses required ENAS 194; MATH 222 or 225; APHY 322; STAT 238 or 241;
EENG 200, 201, 202, 203, 310, 320, 325, 348
Distribution of courses 4 engineering electives, 3 at 400 level
Senior requirement One-term design project (EENG 481)
ENGINEERING SCIENCES (ELECTRICAL), B.S. AND B.A.
Prerequisites Both degreesMATH 112, 115; ENAS 151 or MATH 120 or higher;
ENAS 130; B.S.PHYS 180, 181 or higher; B.A.PHYS 170, 171 or higher
Number of courses B.S.13 term courses beyond prereqs, incl senior req; B.A.8
term courses beyond prereqs, incl senior req
Specific courses required B.S.ENAS 194; MATH 222 or 225; EENG 200, 201, 202,
203; B.A.1 from ENAS 194 or MATH 222 or 225; EENG 200, 201, 202
Distribution of courses B.S.6 electives approved by DUS, 3 at 400 level; B.A.3
electives approved by DUS
Senior requirement B.S.one-term research or design project (EENG 471 or 472
or, with permission of DUS, 481); B.A.one-term research or design project
(EENG 471 or 472)
Courses
EENG 200a, Introduction to Electronics Minjoo Lee
Introduction to the basic principles of analog and digital electronics. Analysis, design,
and synthesis of electronic circuits and systems. Topics include current and voltage
laws that govern electronic circuit behavior, node and loop methods for solving
circuit problems, DC and AC circuit elements, frequency response, nonlinear circuits,
269
semiconductor devices, and small-signal amplifiers. A lab session approximately every

other week. After or concurrently with MATH 115 or equivalent. QR
EENG 201b, Introduction to Computer Engineering Jakub Szefer
Introduction to the theoretical principles underlying the design and programming of
simple processors that can perform algorithmic computational tasks. Topics include
data representation in digital form, combinational logic design and Boolean algebra,
sequential logic design and finite state machines, and basic computer architecture
principles. Hands-on laboratory involving the active design, construction, and
programming of a simple processor. QR
EENG 202a, Communications, Computation, and Control Sekhar Tatikonda
Introduction to systems that sense, process, control, and communicate. Topics
include communication systems (compression, channel coding); network systems
(network architecture and routing, wireless networks, network security); estimation
and learning (classification, regression); and signals and systems (linear systems,
Fourier techniques, bandlimited sampling, modulation). MATLAB programming and
laboratory experiments illustrate concepts. Prerequisite: MATH 115. QR
EENG 203a or b, Circuits and Systems Design Fengnian Xia
Introduction to design in a laboratory setting. A wide variety of practical systems are
designed and implemented to exemplify the basic principles of systems theory. Systems
include audio filters and equalizers, electrical and electromechanical feedback systems,
radio transmitters and receivers, and circuits for sampling and reconstructing music.
Prerequisites: EENG 200 and 202. QR RP
* EENG 235a and EENG 236b, Special Projects Mark Reed
Faculty-supervised individual or small-group projects with emphasis on laboratory
experience, engineering design, or tutorial study. Students are expected to consult the
director of undergraduate studies and appropriate faculty members about ideas and
suggestions for suitable topics during the term preceding enrollment. These courses
may be taken at any time during the student's career. Enrollment requires permission
of both the instructor and the director of undergraduate studies, and submission to the
latter of a one- to two-page prospectus signed by the instructor. The prospectus is due
in the departmental office one day prior to the date that the student's course schedule is
due. Course cr per term
EENG 310b, Signals and Systems Kumpati Narendra
Concepts for the analysis of continuous and discrete-time signals including time series.
Techniques for modeling continuous and discrete-time linear dynamical systems
including linear recursions, difference equations, and shift sequences. Topics include
continuous and discrete Fourier analysis, Laplace and Z transforms, convolution,
sampling, data smoothing, and filtering. Prerequisite: MATH 115. Recommended
preparation: EENG 202. QR
* EENG 320a, Introduction to Semiconductor Devices Mark Reed
An introduction to the physics of semiconductors and semiconductor devices. Topics
include crystal structure; energy bands in solids; charge carriers with their statistics
and dynamics; junctions, p-n diodes, and LEDs; bipolar and field-effect transistors;
and device fabrication. Additional lab one afternoon per week. Prepares for EENG 325
and 401. Prerequisites: PHYS 180 and 181 or permission of instructor. Recommended
preparation: EENG 200. QR, SC
270
EENG 325a, Electronic Circuits Fengnian Xia

Models for active devices; single-ended and differential amplifiers; current sources and
active loads; operational amplifiers; feedback; design of analog circuits for particular
functions and specifications, in actual applications wherever possible, using designoriented methods. Includes a team-oriented design project for real-world applications,
such as a high-power stereo amplifier design. Electronics Workbench is used as a tool
in computer-aided design. Additional lab one afternoon per week. Prerequisite: EENG
200. QR RP
EENG 348b, Digital Systems Roman Kuc
Development of engineering skills through the design and analysis of digital logic
components and circuits. Introduction to gate-level circuit design, beginning with
single gates and building up to complex systems. Hands-on experience with circuit
design using computer-aided design tools and microcontroller programming.
Recommended preparation: EENG 201. QR
EENG 397b / ENAS 397b, Mathematical Methods in Engineering J. Rimas Vainys
Exploration of several areas of mathematics useful in science and engineering;
recent approaches to problem solving made possible by developments in computer
software. Mathematica and Eureqa are used to investigate and solve problems involving
nonlinear differential equations, complex functions, and partial differential equations.
Prerequisites: MATH 222, and ENAS 194 or MATH 246, or equivalents; familiarity
with computer programming. QR
EENG 401b / APHY 321b, Semiconductor Silicon Devices and Technology
Tso-Ping Ma
Introduction to integrated circuit technology, theory of semiconductor devices, and
principles of device design and fabrication. Laboratory involves the fabrication and
analysis of semiconductor devices, including Ohmic contacts, Schottky diodes, p-n
junctions, solar cells, MOS capacitors, MOSFETs, and integrated circuits. Prerequisite:
EENG 320 or equivalent or permission of instructor. QR, SC
EENG 406b, Photovoltaic Energy Minjoo Lee
Survey of photovoltaic energy devices, systems, and applications, including review of
optical and electrical properties of semiconductors. Topics include solar radiation, solar
cell design, performance analysis, solar cell materials, device processing, photovoltaic
systems, and economic analysis. Prerequisite: EENG 320 or permission of instructor.
QR, SC
EENG 408a, Electronic Materials: Fundamentals and Applications Jung Han
Survey and review of fundamental issues associated with modern microelectronic and
optoelectronic materials. Topics include band theory, electronic transport, surface
kinetics, diffusion, materials defects, elasticity in thin films, epitaxy, and Si integrated
circuits. Prerequisite: EENG 320 or permission of instructor. QR, SC
* EENG 410a, Photonics and Optical Electronics Hongxing Tang
A survey of the enabling components and devices that constitute modern optical
communication systems. Focus on the physics and principles of each functional unit, its
current technological status, design issues relevant to overall performance, and future
directions. QR, SC
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EENG 412b, Energy Semiconductor Fundamentals Jung Han

The fundamentals of properties and mechanisms in which conventional semiconductor
physics intersect with emerging applications. Connections between electrical,
mechanical, thermal, and optical properties; contemporary applications in energy,
information, and technology. Prerequisite: APHY 448. SC
EENG 436a, Systems and Control Kumpati Narendra
Design of feedback control systems with applications to engineering, biological, and
economic systems. Topics include state-space representation, stability, controllability,
and observability of discrete-time systems; system identification; optimal control of
systems with multiple outputs. Prerequisites: ENAS 194, MATH 222 or 225, and EENG
310 or permission of instructor. QR
* EENG 437b / AMTH 437b / ECON 413b, Optimization Techniques Sekhar
Tatikonda
AMTH 237. QR
* EENG 442a / AMTH 342a, Linear Systems A. Stephen Morse
Introduction to finite-dimensional, continuous, and discrete-time linear dynamical
systems. Exploration of the basic properties and mathematical structure of the
linear systems used for modeling dynamical processes in robotics, signal and image
processing, economics, statistics, environmental and biomedical engineering, and
control theory. Prerequisite: MATH 222 or permission of instructor. QR
EENG 444a, Digital Communication Systems Wenjun Hu
Introduction to the fundamental theory underlying modern digital communication.
Quantitative measures of information and data compression: the Huffman and
Lempel-Ziv algorithms, scalar and vector quantization. Representations of signal
waveforms: sampling, orthonormal expansions, waveforms as vectors in signal space.
Transmission of signals through noisy channels; pulse amplitude and quadrature
amplitude modulation, orthogonal signaling, signal design, noise processes, optimal
detection, and error probability analysis. Applications to practical systems such as CD
players, telephone modems, and wireless networks. Prerequisites: knowledge of signals
and systems at the level of EENG 310; knowledge of basic probability at the level of
STAT 241 (may be taken concurrently). QR
* EENG 449a, Computers for Cognition Richard Lethin
Introduction to the development of computer architectures specialized for cognitive
processing, including both offline 'thinking machines' and embedded devices. The
history of machines, from early conceptions in defense systems to contemporary
initiatives. Instruction sets, memory systems, parallel processing, analog architectures,
probabilistic architectures. Application and algorithm characteristics. Prerequisites:
EENG 201, 325, and CPSC 112. QR
EENG 450a, Applied Digital Signal Processing Roman Kuc
An analysis, by computer, of processing requirements. Relevant probability and
estimation theories applied to measurements corrupted by noise. Point estimates and
272
system identification from random processes. MATLAB simulations verify the analysis.
Prerequisite: EENG 310 or permission of instructor. QR
* EENG 451b, Wireless Communications Wenjun Hu
Fundamental theory of wireless communications and its application explored
against the backdrop of everyday wireless technologies such as WiFi and cellular
networks. Channel fading, MIMO communication, space-time coding, opportunistic
communication, OFDM and CDMA, and the evolution and improvement of
technologies over time. Emphasis on the interplay between concepts and their
implementation in real systems. Prerequisite: an introductory course in mathematics,
engineering, or computer science.
EENG 454b / AMTH 364b / STAT 364b, Information Theory Staff
EENG 467a / ENAS 467a, Computer Organization and Architecture Jakub Szefer
Introduction to computer architecture, including computer organization,
microprocessors, caches and memory hierarchies, I/O, and storage. Issues surrounding
performance, energy, and security; processor benchmarking. Selected readings from
current academic literature. Prerequisite: EENG 201, or with permission of instructor.
QR
* EENG 471a and EENG 472b, Advanced Special Projects Mark Reed
(laboratory or theory), engineering design, or tutorial study. Students are expected to
consult the director of undergraduate studies and appropriate faculty members about
ideas and suggestions for suitable topics during the term preceding enrollment. These
courses may be taken at any appropriate time during the student's career and may be
taken more than once. Enrollment requires permission of both the instructor and the
director of undergraduate studies, and submission to the latter of a one- to two-page
prospectus signed by the instructor. The prospectus is due in the departmental office
one day prior to the date that the student's course schedule is due.
EENG 475a / BENG 475a / CPSC 475a, Computational Vision and Biological
physiology students. After MATH 120a or b and CPSC 112a or b, or with permission of
instructor. QR, SC RP
* EENG 481b, Advanced ABET Projects Mark Reed
Study of the process of designing an electrical device that meets performance
specifications, including project initiation and management, part specification,
teamwork, design evolution according to real-world constraints, testing, ethics, and
communication skills. Design project consists of electronic sensor, computer hardware,
and signal analysis components developed by multidisciplinary teams. Prerequisites:
EENG 310, 320, 325, and 348. RP
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
273
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Directors of undergraduate studies: Mark Reed (Electrical Engineering), 523 BCT,
432-4306, mark.reed@yale.edu; Zhong Shao (Computer Science), 314 AKW, 432-6828,
zhong.shao@yale.edu [F]; James Aspnes (Computer Science), 401 AKW, 432-1232,
james.aspnes@yale.edu [Sp]
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science is an interdepartmental major designed
for students who want to integrate work in these two fields. It covers discrete and
continuous mathematics, algorithm analysis and design, digital and analog circuits,
signals and systems, systems programming, and computer engineering. It provides
coherence in its core program, but allows flexibility to pursue technical electives.
The prerequisites for the major are MATH 112, 115, and ENAS 151 or MATH 120;
CPSC 112; and PHYS 180 and 181, or 200 and 201. Acceleration credits may be used to
satisfy some of these requirements. However, because the B.S. programs in Electrical
Engineering and in Engineering Sciences (Electrical) both limit the use of such credits,
students who wish to retain the option of switching to these programs should consult
the director of undergraduate studies in Electrical Engineering when planning their
course schedules.
The major requires fifteen term courses beyond the prerequisites: CPSC 201, 202, 223,
323, and 365; EENG 200, 201, 202, and 203; one from MATH 222, 225, or STAT 241;
four advanced electives, two in electrical engineering, two in computer science; and a
senior project. MATH 244 may be substituted for CPSC 202. Electives must be 300or 400-level courses in the departments of Electrical Engineering (p. 265) and
Computer Science (p. 210), or must be approved by the director of undergraduate
studies in each department. Double-titled courses may be counted either way to fulfill
this requirement. CPSC 480 and 490 may not be used as electives. With permission
of the director of undergraduate studies in each department, EENG 471 or 472 may be
used as an electrical engineering elective.
Courses taken Credit/D/Fail may not be counted toward the requirements of the major.
For students who have taken the equivalent of one year of calculus in high school and
have some programming experience, a typical program would be:
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
EENG 200a
CPSC 201a
CPSC 202a
Senior project
ENAS 151a
EENG 202a
CPSC 323a
One elective
EENG 201b
CPSC 223b
CPSC 365b
Two electives
PHYS 181b
EENG 203b
One elective
PHYS 180a
MATH 222b
Students with no programming experience should take CPSC 112 in the fall of their
freshman year and either postpone EENG 200 until their sophomore year or take
ENAS 151 or MATH 120 in the spring.
274
For students with one term of calculus and no programming experience, a typical
program would be:
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
CPSC 112a
CPSC 201a
CPSC 202a
Two electives
MATH 115a
EENG 200a
CPSC 323a
PHYS 180a
EENG 202a
STAT 241a
EENG 201b
CPSC 223b
CPSC 365b
Senior project
MATH 120b
EENG 203b
One elective
One elective
PHYS 181b
For students with no calculus and no programming experience, a typical program

would be:
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
CPSC 112a
CPSC 201a
CPSC 202a
Two electives
MATH 112a
EENG 200a
CPSC 323a
PHYS 170a
ENAS 151a
EENG 202a
EENG 201b
CPSC 223b
CPSC 365b
Senior project
MATH 115b
MATH 222b
EENG 203b
One elective
PHYS 171b
One elective
Students who start with MATH 112 may satisfy the physics prerequisite by taking
PHYS 170 and 171 in their freshman year, as shown in the table above. However,
because the B.S. programs in Electrical Engineering and in Engineering Sciences
(Electrical) do not allow this substitution, students who wish to retain the option of
switching to these programs should postpone physics until their sophomore year.
Senior requirement The senior project must be completed in CPSC 490 or EENG 471
or 472, depending on the adviser's department, and must be approved by the director of
undergraduate studies in each department.
Approval of programs The entire program of a student majoring in Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science must be approved by the director of undergraduate
studies in each department.
Accreditation Students interested in pursuing an ABET-accredited degree should
consider the B.S. program in Electrical Engineering. See under Electrical Engineering
(p. 265).

Prerequisites MATH 112, 115, and ENAS 151 or MATH 120; CPSC 112; PHYS 180, 181,
or 200, 201 (PHYS 170, 171 is acceptable for students who need to take MATH 112)
Number of courses 15 term courses beyond prereqs (incl senior project)
Specific courses required CPSC 201, 202, 223, 323, and 365; EENG 200, 201, 202, and
203; one from MATH 222 or 225 or STAT 241
Distribution of courses 4 addtl 300- or 400-level electives, 2 in electrical engineering, 2
in comp sci
Substitution permitted MATH 244 for CPSC 202; advanced courses in other depts,
with permission of DUS in each dept
Energy Studies
275
Senior requirement Independent project (CPSC 490 or EENG 471 or 472) approved
by DUS in each dept
Energy Studies
Yale Climate & Energy Institute (YCEI) sponsors the Energy Studies Undergraduate
Scholars program. The program promotes a multidisciplinary approach to the linked
challenges of energy and climate, and provides students with training in the science
and technology of energy, the environmental and social impacts of energy production
and use, and the economics, planning, and regulation of energy systems and markets.
Energy Studies Scholars acquire the broad knowledge and skills needed for advanced
studies and for leadership in energy-related fields.
In addition to their participation in the program, Energy Studies Scholars must
complete the requirements of a Yale College major. Yale College does not offer a major
in energy studies.
Admission to the Energy Studies Undergraduate Scholars program is by application,
normally in the second term of the sophomore year. Accepted students are assigned an
adviser from the YCEI faculty. Upon successful completion of the program, students
receive a letter from YCEI acknowledging their participation in the program and are
invited to attend the annual Yale Alumni in Energy Conference.
For additional information, including program requirements and application
instructions, visit the YCEI Web site (http://climate.yale.edu/prog-init/energystudies).
Engineering
Dean of the School of Engineering & Applied Science: T. Kyle Vanderlick, 222 DL,
432-4200, engineering@yale.edu; seas.yale.edu
Engineering programs are offered in the departments of Biomedical Engineering,
Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering,
and Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science. These departments are
administered by the dean of the School of Engineering & Applied Science. The School
also offers interdisciplinary courses bearing on engineering programs.
Curricula in Yale's undergraduate engineering programs range from technically
intensive ones to those with lesser technical content that allow students considerable
freedom to include courses of a nontechnical nature in their studies. Programs
accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET, Inc., the accreditor
for university programs in engineering, are the most intensive. ABET-accredited
programs include B.S. degrees in Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and
Mechanical Engineering.
Some students find that less intensive programs better meet their needs when
considering a joint major and/or careers in fields requiring less comprehensive technical
knowledge. Such non-ABET programs include the B.S. in Biomedical Engineering,
Computer Science, or Environmental Engineering and the B.S. in Engineering Sciences
Chemical, Electrical, or Mechanicalas well as the B.A. in Computer Science or
in Engineering SciencesElectrical, Environmental, or Mechanicaldesigned for
276
students planning careers in business, law, medicine, journalism, or politics who want
their liberal arts education to include study of the impact science and technology have
on society. A related major in Applied Mathematics is also available.
For engineering courses and descriptions of the major programs mentioned above, see
under Applied Mathematics (p. 129), Biomedical Engineering (p. 167), Chemical
Engineering (p. 173), Computer Science (p. 210), Electrical Engineering
(p. 265), Engineering and Applied Science (p. 276), Environmental Engineering
(p. 299), and Mechanical Engineering (p. 488).

Director of undergraduate studies: Vincent Wilczynski, 238 DL, 432-4221,
vincent.wilczynski@yale.edu
Courses in Engineering and Applied Science fall into three categories: those intended
primarily for students majoring in one of the several engineering and applied science
disciplines; those designed for students majoring in subjects other than engineering,
the applied sciences, and the natural sciences; and those designed to meet common
interests of students majoring in engineering, the applied sciences, or the natural
sciences.
In the first category, the departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemical and
Environmental Engineering, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Science offer courses intended primarily for majors in
engineering and applied science disciplines. Courses in these departments may also be
relevant for students with appropriate backgrounds who are majoring in chemistry,
physics, biology, geology and geophysics, and mathematics. For information about
majors in engineering and their related courses, see under Biomedical Engineering
(p. 167), Chemical Engineering (p. 173), Computer Science (p. 210),
Electrical Engineering (p. 265), Environmental Engineering (p. 299), and
Mechanical Engineering (p. 488).
The School of Engineering and Applied Science (http://seas.yale.edu) is responsible
for courses in the other two categories: technology for students majoring in subjects
other than engineering, the applied sciences, and the natural sciences; and topics
common to students majoring in engineering, the applied sciences, and the natural
sciences. Courses for nonscience majors are intended for all students seeking a
broad perspective on issues of scientific and technological import, and they introduce
students who may be planning careers in law, business, or public service to concepts
and methods of engineering and applied science. Courses for science and engineering
majors include topics in applied mathematics and computation.
Courses without Prerequisites in Engineering

* ENAS 118a, Introduction to Engineering, Innovation, and Design Eric Dufresne
and Lawrence Wilen
An introduction to engineering, innovation, and design process. Principles of material
selection, stoichiometry, modeling, data acquisition, sensors, rapid prototyping, and
elementary microcontroller programming. Types of engineering and the roles engineers
277
play in a wide range of organizations. Lectures are interspersed with practical exercises.
Students work in small teams on an engineering/innovation project at the end of the
term. Priority to freshmen. RP
* ENAS 120b / CENG 120b / ENVE 120b, Introduction to Environmental Engineering
Jordan Peccia
ENAS 335a / EP&E 204a, Professional Ethics Mercedes Carreras
A theoretical and case-oriented approach to ethical decision making. Concepts, tools,
and methods for constructing and justifying solutions to moral problems that students
may face as professionals. SO
* ENAS 344b / MUSI 371b, Musical Acoustics and Instrument Design Lawrence
Wilen
Practical study of musical acoustics. The physics and design of musical instruments,
with attention to all aspects of sound, from the origin of the vibration in the instrument
to the perception by the listener. Student teams design and construct novel instruments
and produce relevant applications. Requires a basic knowledge of physics, including
concepts of kinetic and potential energy and Newton's laws. QR, HU, SC RP
ENAS 360b / ENVE 360b, Green Engineering and Sustainable Design Julie
Zimmerman
Study of green engineering, focusing on key approaches to advancing sustainability
through engineering design. Topics include current design, manufacturing, and
disposal processes; toxicity and benign alternatives; policy implications; pollution
prevention and source reduction; separations and disassembly; material and
energy efficiencies and flows; systems analysis; biomimicry; and life cycle design,
management, and analysis. Prerequisites: CHEM 161, 165 or 163, 167 (or CHEM 112,
113, or 114, 115), or permission of instructor.
Applied Mathematics and Computation Courses

ENAS 130b, Introduction to Computing for Engineers and Scientists Marshall Long
An introduction to the use of the C and C++ programming languages and the software
packages Mathematica and MATLAB to solve a variety of problems encountered
in mathematics, the natural sciences, and engineering. General problem-solving
techniques, object-oriented programming, elementary numerical methods, data
analysis, and graphical display of computational results. Prerequisite: MATH 115 or
equivalent. Recommended preparation: previous programming experience. QR
ENAS 151a or b / APHY 151a or b, Multivariable Calculus for Engineers Staff
An introduction to multivariable calculus focusing on applications to engineering
problems. Topics include vector-valued functions, vector analysis, partial
differentiation, multiple integrals, vector calculus, and the theorems of Green, Stokes,
and Gauss. Prerequisite: MATH 115 or equivalent. QR RP
278
ENAS 194a or b / APHY 194a or b, Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations with
Applications Staff
Basic theory of ordinary and partial differential equations useful in applications. Firstand second-order equations, separation of variables, power series solutions, Fourier
series, Laplace transforms. Prerequisites: ENAS 151 or equivalent, and knowledge of
matrix-based operations. QR RP
ENAS 397b / EENG 397b, Mathematical Methods in Engineering J. Rimas Vainys
Exploration of several areas of mathematics useful in science and engineering;
recent approaches to problem solving made possible by developments in computer
software. Mathematica and Eureqa are used to investigate and solve problems involving
nonlinear differential equations, complex functions, and partial differential equations.
Prerequisites: MATH 222, and ENAS 194 or MATH 246, or equivalents; familiarity
with computer programming. QR
ENAS 440a / MENG 440a, Applied Numerical Methods I Beth Anne Bennett
The derivation, analysis, and implementation of various numerical methods. Topics
include root-finding methods, numerical solution of systems of linear and nonlinear
equations, eigenvalue/eigenvector approximation, polynomial-based interpolation,
and numerical integration. Additional topics such as computational cost, error analysis,
and convergence are studied in several contexts throughout the course. Prerequisites:
MATH 115, and 222 or 225, or equivalents; ENAS 130 or some experience with Matlab,
C++, or Fortran programming. QR RP
ENAS 441b / MENG 441b, Applied Numerical Methods II Beth Anne Bennett
The derivation, analysis, and implementation of numerical methods for the solution
of ordinary and partial differential equations, both linear and nonlinear. Additional
topics such as computational cost, error estimation, and stability analysis are studied
in several contexts throughout the course. Prerequisites: MATH 115, and 222 or 225, or
equivalents; ENAS 130 or some knowledge of Matlab, C++, or Fortran programming;
ENAS 194 or equivalent. ENAS 440 is not a prerequisite. QR RP
ENAS 467a / EENG 467a, Computer Organization and Architecture Jakub Szefer
Introduction to computer architecture, including computer organization,
microprocessors, caches and memory hierarchies, I/O, and storage. Issues surrounding
performance, energy, and security; processor benchmarking. Selected readings from
current academic literature. Prerequisite: EENG 201, or with permission of instructor.
QR
ENAS 496b, Probability and Stochastic Processes Staff
A study of stochastic processes and estimation, including fundamentals of detection
and estimation. Vector space representation of random variables, Bayesian and
Neyman-Pearson hypothesis testing, Bayesian and nonrandom parameter estimation,
minimum-variance unbiased estimators, and the Cramer-Rao bound. Stochastic
processes. Linear prediction and Kalman filtering. Poison counting process and renewal
processes, Markov chains, branching processes, birth-death processes, and semiMarkov processes. Applications from communications, networking, and stochastic
control. QR RP
279

Director of undergraduate studies: Stefanie Markovits, 411 LC, 432-9078,
stefanie.markovits@yale.edu; associate director of undergraduate studies: Jill
Richards, 107 LC, 432-2224, jill.richards@yale.edu; registrar: Erica Sayers, 106 LC,
432-2226, erica.sayers@yale.edu; assistant registrar: Jane Bordiere, 107 LC, 432-2224,
jane.bordiere@yale.edu; english.yale.edu/welcome-english-major
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

Professors Elizabeth Alexander, Harold Bloom, Jessica Brantley, Leslie Brisman, David
Bromwich, Ardis Butterfield, Jill Campbell, Janice Carlisle, Michael Denning, Wai Chee
Dimock, Anne Fadiman (Adjunct), Roberta Frank, Paul Fry, Louise Glck (Adjunct),
Jacqueline Goldsby, Langdon Hammer, Margaret Homans, Amy Hungerford, David
Scott Kastan, Jonathan Kramnick, Traugott Lawler (Emeritus), Lawrence Manley,
Donald Margulies (Adjunct), Stefanie Markovits, J. D. McClatchy (Adjunct), Alastair
Minnis, Stephanie Newell, Annabel Patterson (Emeritus), Linda Peterson, Caryl
Phillips, David Quint, Claude Rawson (Emeritus), Joseph Roach, Marc Robinson, John
Rogers, Caleb Smith, Robert Stepto, Katie Trumpener, Michael Warner, Ruth Yeazell
Associate Professors Catherine Nicholson, Anthony Reed, Brian Walsh, R. John
Williams
Assistant Professors Ian Cornelius, Marta Figlerowicz, Benjamin Glaser, Justin
Neuman, Joseph North, Jill Richards, Sunny Xiang
Senior Lecturers James Berger, John Crowley, Michael Cunningham, Richard Deming,
Shifra Sharlin, Fred Strebeigh, Cynthia Zarin
Lecturers Steven Brill, Danielle Chapman, Andrew Ehrgood, Randi Epstein,
Joseph Gordon, Rona Johnston Gordon, Karin Gosselink, Alfred Guy, Jessie Hill,
Briallen Hopper, Rosemary Jones, Heather Klemann, Verlyn Klinkenborg, Timothy
Kreiner, Penelope Laurans, Katja Lindskog, Andrew McKendry, Heather McKendry,
Pamela Newton, Mark Oppenheimer, Timothy Robinson, Karin Roffman, Pamela
Schirmeister, Adam Sexton, Kim Shirkhani, Margaret Spillane, Michele Stepto, Barbara
Stuart, Ryan Wepler, Grant Wiedenfeld, Christian Wiman, Bob Woodward, Carl
Zimmer
The undergraduate program in English teaches students foundational research and
writing skills and cultivates their powers of argument and analysis. Courses offered by
the department are designed to develop students' understanding of important works of
English, American, and world literatures in English; to provide historical perspectives
from which to read and analyze these works; and to deepen students' insight into
their own experience. For students interested in creative writing, the department
offers an array of courses taught by renowned professional writers. Student writers at
Yale work in all of the major genres, including fiction, poetry, play and film writing,
nonfiction prose, and journalism, and they often enjoy the satisfaction of publication or
performance for both local and national audiences.
The ability to write well remains a rare but prized skill in almost every domain of our
world, and English majors go on to careers in many fields of endeavor. The analytic
talents and the writing and speaking skills honed in the major can lead graduates to
280
careers in fields such as advocacy, publishing, teaching, the arts, law, venture capital,
medicine, and policy making.
Introductory courses Courses numbered from 114 to 130 are introductory and are
open to all students in Yale College. Students planning to elect an introductory
course in English should refer to the departmental Web site (http://english.yale.edu/
undergraduate/preregistration-places-introductory-courses) for information about
preregistration. Once preregistered, students must attend the first and all subsequent
class meetings for that particular section until the end of the second week of classes in
order to retain a place. If a student misses a class meeting during this period without
informing the instructor beforehand, his or her place will immediately be filled from
the waiting list. Students may change their section by attending the desired section.
If there are no available seats, the student may be placed on the waiting list for that
section.
Advanced courses Courses numbered 150 and above are open to upperclassmen; the
faculty recommends that students both within and outside the major prepare for such
work with two terms of introductory English. Seminars are intended primarily for
junior and senior English majors; sophomores and nonmajors may be admitted where
openings are available.
When choosing courses, students should bear in mind that the English department's
lecture courses and seminars play different roles in the curriculum. Lecture courses
cover major periods, genres, and figures of English and American literature. They serve
as general surveys of their subjects, and are typically offered every year or every other
year. Seminars, by contrast, offer more specialized or intensive treatment of their topics,
or engage topics not addressed in the lecture courses (for example, topics that span
periods and genres). While seminars are often offered more than once, students should
not expect the same seminars to be offered from one year to the next. Sophomores and
juniors are encouraged to enroll in lecture courses in order to gain broad perspectives in
preparation for more specialized study.
Writing courses Besides introductory courses that concentrate on the writing of
expository prose (ENGL 114, 115, 120, and 121), the English department offers a number
of creative writing courses. The introductory creative writing course, ENGL 123, is open
to any student who has not taken an intermediate or advanced course in the writing
of fiction, poetry, or drama. Interested students must preregister for ENGL 123, but
they need not submit a writing sample to gain admission. Many of the more advanced
creative writing courses require an application in advance, with admission based on the
instructor's judgment of the student's work. Application details and forms are available
at the departmental office in 107 LC and on the English department Web site (http://
english.yale.edu/undergraduate/applications-and-deadlines). Students with questions
about this process should visit the office of the director of undergraduate studies in 107
LC.
Students may in some cases arrange a tutorial in writing (ENGL 470), normally after
having taken intermediate and advanced writing courses. All students interested in
creative writing courses should also consult the current listing of residential college
seminars (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/academics/special-academic-programs/
residential-college-seminar-program).
281
Prerequisites It is valuable for students majoring in English to have both a detailed

understanding of major poets who have written in English and some acquaintance with
the classics of European and American literature. The prerequisites for the major are
ENGL 125 and 126, the program's foundational courses in English poetry. Prospective
English majors are strongly encouraged to complete the prerequisites, as well as one or
more introductory literature courses such as ENGL 127, 129, or 130, by the end of the
sophomore year. Those who have not enrolled in the Directed Studies program should
consider taking both ENGL 129 and 130, foundational courses in the European literary
tradition. A student may count up to five introductory courses toward the major.
If, due to a late change of major or other circumstance, it is impossible to take
ENGL 125 and 126, students may satisfy the prerequisite for the major by taking (1)
two other introductory literature courses from ENGL 115, 127, 129, 130, or DRST 001,
002 and (2) four advanced courses that deal substantially and intensively with poets
included in ENGL 125 and 126. Two of these courses should substitute for two of the
four units in ENGL 125 (Chaucer, Spenser, Shakespeare, and Donne), and two should
substitute for two of the four units in ENGL 126 (Milton, Pope, Wordsworth, and
Eliot, or other modern anglophone poet). Courses that deal with more than one poet
are acceptable for this purpose, but substitute courses in Shakespeare must concern his
poetry and not his plays. Substitute courses for the prerequisite may also count toward
the requirement of three courses in English literature before 1800 and one course in
English literature before 1900.
The major At least fourteen courses are required for the major, including prerequisites
and the senior requirement. Each student, in consultation with a departmental faculty
adviser, bears the responsibility for designing a coherent program, which must include
the following elements.
Each student must take: (1) three courses in literature written in English before 1800,
one course in literature written in English before 1900, and one course in American
literature, all representing a variety of periods and figures. Courses satisfying this
requirement are indicated by the designations "Pre-1800 Lit," "Pre-1900 Lit," or
"American Lit" in the course listings. Pre-1800 courses can, by definition, satisfy the
pre-1900 requirement. Courses in American literature in the pre-1800 or pre-1900
periods may be counted toward both the relevant period requirement and the American
requirement; (2) at least one seminar in both the junior and the senior years. Certain
residential college seminars, with permission of the director of undergraduate studies,
may be substituted for a departmental seminar; courses in creative writing may not.
A student whose program meets these requirements may, with permission of the
director of undergraduate studies, count as electives toward the major as many as two
upper-level courses in other departments. One of these courses should be a literature
course in English translation or in another language, and neither may be counted
toward the pre-1800 or the pre-1900 requirement. No more than two courses in
creative writing may be counted toward the major; ENGL 123 does not count toward
this limit. A student may petition the director of undergraduate studies for permission
to include a third creative writing course.
Senior requirement Students must complete a two-course senior requirement
consisting of one of the following combinations: (1) two senior seminars; (2) a senior
seminar and a one-term senior essay; (3) a two-term senior essay, with permission of
282
the director of undergraduate studies; (4) a senior seminar or one-term senior essay
and the senior project in the writing concentration. Students who wish to complete
the senior requirement by the end of the fall term of the senior year may begin it in the
spring of the junior year. A junior seminar in which the student, with the permission
of the director of undergraduate studies and of the instructor, fulfills the senior
requirement may be counted as a senior seminar. At the start of term the student must
arrange with the instructor to do any additional work necessary to make the course an
appropriate capstone experience.
Senior seminar Senior seminars, usually numbered 400449, are designated "Senior
Seminar" in the course listings, but they are open to interested juniors, as well.
The final essays written for senior seminars are intended to provide an appropriate
culmination to the student's work in the major and in Yale College. Such essays should
rest on substantial independent work and should be approximately twenty doublespaced pages in length. In researching and writing the essay, the student should consult
regularly with the seminar instructor, and may consult with other faculty members as
well.
The senior essay The senior essay is an independent literary-critical project on a topic
of the student's own design, which is undertaken in regular consultation with a faculty
adviser. It should ordinarily be written on a topic in an area on which the student
has focused in previous studies. It may be written during one or two terms; singleterm essays may be converted to yearlong essays through application to the director of
undergraduate studies. See the course listings for ENGL 490 and 491 for procedures.
Students fulfilling the senior requirement through a two-term senior essay or through
a senior essay and the senior writing concentration project must take a seminar during
their senior year, but it need not be a 400-level seminar.
Prospectuses and applications for senior essays should be submitted to the office of the
English department in 107 LC or on line as directed on the English department Web
site (http://english.yale.edu/undergraduate/applications-and-deadlines). They should
be submitted during the designated sign-up period in the term before enrollment is
intended.
Credit/D/Fail courses Courses taken Credit/D/Fail may be counted toward the
Advising Students planning a program of study in English are strongly encouraged
to consult a faculty adviser in the English department, the departmental representative
in their residential college, or the director of undergraduate studies for advice about
their course choices. A list of departmental representatives is available on the English
department Web site (http://english.yale.edu/undergraduate-program/english-major).
Schedules for all majors should be discussed with, and approved by, a faculty adviser
from the English department. The director of undergraduate studies and the associate
director of undergraduate studies can also discuss and approve schedules. Schedules
may be submitted to the residential college dean's office only after approval. During the
sixth term, each student, in consultation with his or her adviser, completes a statement
outlining progress in the major.
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Individual programs of study In exceptional cases, a student whose interests and

aims are well defined may, in consultation with the director of undergraduate studies,
work out a program of study departing from the usual requirements of the major. Such
a program must, however, meet the stated general criteria of range and coherence.
For interdepartmental programs that include courses covering English literature, see
the Literature Major (p. 464); Directed Studies (p. 224); American Studies
(p. 107); African American Studies (p. 94); Ethnicity, Race, and Migration
(p. 322); Theater Studies (p. 643); and Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies
(p. 652).
The writing concentration The writing concentration is a special course of study
open to students in the English major with demonstrated interest and achievement
in writing. Admission is competitive. Interested English majors normally apply for
admission to the concentration during the second term of their junior year. Application
can also be made during the first term of the senior year. Every student admitted to
the concentration must complete at least eleven literature courses as well as the other
requirements of the major. Students admitted to the writing concentration may count
up to four creative writing courses toward completion of the B.A. degree in English;
the four courses must include at least two courses in one genre and at least one course
in another genre; at least three must be at level 451 or higher. ENGL 120 and 123 do
not count toward the writing concentration. Residential college seminars are not
acceptable for credit toward the writing concentration, except by permission of the
director of undergraduate studies. As one of the four writing courses, each student must
complete ENGL 489, The Writing Concentration Senior Project, a tutorial in which
students produce a single sustained piece of writing or a portfolio of shorter works. The
writing concentration senior project may be offered in partial fulfillment of the senior
requirement.
Applications for the writing concentration should be submitted to the English
department office in 107 LC or on line as directed on the departmental Web site
(http://english.yale.edu/undergraduate/applications-and-deadlines). They should
be submitted during the designated sign-up period in the term before enrollment is
intended. Students are admitted selectively on the overall strength of their performance
in the major and on the quality of their writing samples.
Graduate school Students considering graduate work in English should be aware that
a reading knowledge of certain classical and modern European languages is ordinarily
required for admission to graduate study, and that a course orienting them to critical
theory can be especially helpful preparation.

Prerequisites ENGL 125 and 126 or, with 4 addtl courses in major English poets, 2
terms selected from 115, 127, 129, 130, or DRST 001, 002
Number of courses At least 14 courses (incl prereq and senior req)
Distribution of courses 3 pre-1800 lit courses, 1 pre-1900 lit course, 1 American lit
course, all representing a variety of periods and figures; 2 sems, 1 in junior, 1 in
senior year; no more than 5 courses numbered ENGL 130 or below; no more than
2 creative writing courses; Writing concentrationsame, except 4 creative writing
courses, incl 2 in one genre and 1 in another genre, with at least 3 numbered 451 or
above; at least 11 lit courses
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Substitutions permitted Residential college sem for departmental sem; 2 upper-level

courses in other depts for electives in the major; 2 intro lit courses and 4 courses
in major English poets for ENGL 125 and 126; all substitutions with permission of
DUS
Senior requirement Standard major2 senior sems; or 1 senior sem and one-term
senior essay (ENGL 490); or, with DUS permission, two-term senior essay
(ENGL 490, 491); Writing concentrationsenior sem or one-term senior essay, and
writing concentration senior project (ENGL 489)
* ENGL 010b, Jane Austen Stefanie Markovits

Close study of Austen's novels, with special attention to the critique of social and
literary convention. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see
* ENGL 011b / PLSC 025b, Lincoln in Thought and Action David Bromwich
An intensive examination of the career, political thought, and speeches of Abraham
Lincoln in their historical context. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration
English: American Lit
*ENGL 012b / AMST 016b, Literary Cities: New York, Chicago, San Francisco
Wai Chee Dimock
* ENGL 015a / AFST 015a, South African Writing after Apartheid Staff
* ENGL 017b, Shakespeare's Major Tragedies David Kastan
Detailed exploration of Shakespeare's Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. What
makes the plays great in a way that almost all readers and audiences have recognized.
The works as plays to be performed, as drama to be read, as texts that have been
constructed by the activities of various people, and as plays deeply embedded in the
history of their own moment, as well as in later histories for which they are in some
part responsible. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under
* ENGL 114a or b, Writing Seminars Staff
Instruction in writing well-reasoned analyses and academic arguments, with emphasis
on the importance of reading, research, and revision. Using examples of nonfiction
prose from a variety of academic disciplines, individual sections focus on topics such
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as vision, globalization, generosity, experts and expertise, the good life, and dissent in
American culture. WR
* ENGL 115a or b, Literature Seminars Staff
Exploration of major themes in selected works of literature. Individual sections focus on
topics such as war, justice, childhood, sex and gender, the supernatural, and the natural
world. Emphasis on the development of writing skills and the analysis of fiction, poetry,
drama, and nonfiction prose. WR, HU
* ENGL 120a or b, Reading and Writing the Modern Essay Staff
Close study of selected works of nonfiction prepares students to become critical readers
and to apply professionals' strategies to their own writing. Readings from such authors
as Joan Didion, Malcolm Gladwell, Maxine Hong Kingston, N. Scott Momaday, George
Orwell, Brent Staples, Jonathan Swift, Henry David Thoreau, Tom Wolfe, and Alice
Walker. Written assignments, involving frequent revision, include autobiography,
portraiture, nature writing, cultural critique, and formal argument. WR
* ENGL 121b, Styles of Academic and Professional Prose Staff
A seminar and workshop in the conventions of good writing in a specific field. Each
section focuses on one academic or professional kind of writing and explores its
distinctive features through a variety of written and oral assignments, in which students
both analyze and practice writing in the field. Section topics include legal, humor,
travel, or nature writing; writing about medicine and public health, religion, the visual
arts, or food; writing in the social sciences; writing reviews of the performing arts; and
writing for radio. May be repeated for course credit in a section that treats a different
genre or style of writing; may not be repeated for credit toward the major. WR
* ENGL 123a, Introduction to Creative Writing Staff
Introduction to the writing of fiction, poetry, and drama. Development of the basic
skills used to create imaginative literature. Fundamentals of craft and composition; the
distinct but related techniques used in the three genres. Story, scene, and character in
fiction; sound, line, image, and voice in poetry; monologue, dialogue, and action in
drama. HU
* ENGL 125a or b, Major English Poets from Chaucer to Donne Staff
An introduction to the diversity and the continuity of the English literary tradition
through close reading of four poets from the fourteenth through the seventeenth
centuries, Chaucer, Spenser, Shakespeare, and Donne. Emphasis on developing skills of
literary interpretation and critical writing. WR, HU
* ENGL 126b, Major English Poets from Milton to T. S. Eliot Staff
An introduction to the diversity and the continuity of the English literary tradition
through close reading of four poets from the seventeenth through the twentieth
centuries, Milton, Pope, Wordsworth, and Eliot or another modern anglophone poet.
Emphasis on developing skills of literary interpretation and critical writing. WR, HU
* ENGL 127a or b, Readings in American Literature Staff
Major works of the American literary tradition in a variety of poetic and narrative forms
and in diverse historical contexts. Emphasis on analytical reading and critical writing.
Authors may include Melville, Poe, Hawthorne, Bryant, Whitman, Dickinson, Thoreau,
Emerson, Douglass, Stowe, Twain, Wharton, Cather, H. Crane, Stevens, Stein, L.
Hughes, Paredes, Ellison, O'Connor, Ginsberg, Lowell, O'Hara, M. Robinson, C.
McCarthy, Morrison, E. P. Jones, J. Daz. WR, HU
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* ENGL 129a / LITR 168a, Tragedy in the European Literary Tradition Staff
The genre of tragedy from its origins in ancient Greece and Rome through the
European Renaissance to the present day. Themes of justice, religion, free will, family,
gender, race, and dramaturgy. Works include Homer's Iliad and plays by Aeschylus,
Sophocles, Euripides, Seneca, Shakespeare, Racine, Ibsen, Chekhov, Brecht, Beckett,
and Soyinka. Focus on textual analysis and on developing the craft of persuasive
argument through writing. WR, HU
* ENGL 130b / LITR 169b, Epic in the European Literary Tradition Staff
The epic tradition traced from its foundations in ancient Greece and Rome to the
modern novel. The creation of cultural values and identities; exile and homecoming;
the heroic in times of war and of peace; the role of the individual within society;
memory and history; politics of gender, race, and religion. Works include Homer's
Odyssey, Vergil's Aeneid, Dante's Inferno, Cervantes's Don Quixote, and Joyce's Ulysses.
Focus on textual analysis and on developing the craft of persuasive argument through
writing. WR, HU
ENGL 132b, Science Fiction Alfred Guy
A survey of twentieth- and twenty-first-century science fiction, focusing on how
changing technologies produce new ideas about human identity. Emphasis on
innovations in science and engineering as well as new forms of social, political, and
economic life. Works by Robert Heinlein, Philip K. Dick, Ursula Le Guin, and William
Gibson. WR, HU
* ENGL 134a or b, Reading Fiction for Craft Staff
Fundamentals of the craft of fiction writing explored through readings from classic
and contemporary short stories and novels. Focus on how each author has used the
fundamentals of craft. Writing exercises emphasize elements such as voice, structure,
point of view, character, and tone. HU
English: Creative Writing
* ENGL 135a or b, Reading Poetry for Craft Staff
An introduction to reading and writing poetry. Classic examples from Shakespeare and
Milton, the modernist poetics of Stein, Pound, Moore, and Stevens, and recent work in
a variety of forms and traditions. Students develop a portfolio of poems and write an
essay on the poetic craft of poets who have influenced their work. HU
ENGL 149b / LING 109b, History of the English Language Roberta Frank
The evolution of English from its beginnings nearly 1500 years ago to the language
of Beowulf, Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Jane Austen, Melville, Twain, Langston
Hughes, Woody Allen, Maya Angelou, and Kendrick Lamar. An overview of the
'Englishes' that populate our globe, including a look at the ways that technology affects
language. HU
* ENGL 150a / LING 150a, Old English Roberta Frank
An introduction to the literature and culture of earliest England. A selection of prose
and verse, including riddles, heroic poetry, meditations on loss, a dream vision, and
excerpts from Beowulf, all read in the original Old English. HU
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English: Junior Seminar

* ENGL 158a, Readings in Middle English: Language and Symbolic Power Ian
Cornelius
The English language and its literature in the late medieval period. Survey of the
period's literary language and genres; languages and forms of romance, dream vision,
lyric, cycle drama, dialogue, and devotional prose; travel narratives that reflect on
the truth of religious experience; problems of authorship and authority; first-person
narration; encounters with religious and cultural alterity. Authors include Chaucer,
Trevisa, Langland, Kempe, and Mandeville. WR, HU
ENGL 200b, Shakespeare: Comedies and Romances Lawrence Manley
Love, sex, gender, society, and theater practice in Shakespeare's comic genres, from the
early farces and romantic comedies to the problem plays and late romances. WR, HU
ENGL 201a, Shakespeare: Histories and Tragedies Brian Walsh
A study of Shakespeare's histories and tragedies, focusing on attentive reading of the
play texts and consideration of the theatrical, literary, intellectual, political, and social
worlds in which the plays were written, performed, and experienced. HU
* ENGL 204b, Marlowe, Shakespeare, Jonson David Kastan and Carla Baricz
Shakespeare's plays in the theatrical environment in which he wrote and flourished,
and in relation to the two other great playwrights of his moment, Christopher
Marlowe and Ben Jonson. The achievements, relationships, and rivalries of the three
playwrights; why Shakespeare has become a poet "for all times" while Marlowe and
Jonson are viewed as "souls of the age." WR, HU
* ENGL 209b, Renaissance Lyric Lawrence Manley
A survey of English lyric poetry from the early sixteenth century through the midseventeenth, focusing on poetic forms and traditions and the place of poetry in the
social, political, and religious life of the time. Authors include Wyatt, Sidney, Marlowe,
Shakespeare, Aemylia Lanyer, Donne, Jonson, Herbert, Herrick, Milton, Lovelace, and
Marvell. WR, HU RP
* ENGL 238a, Poetry and Modernity from the Restoration to Romanticism Jonathan
Kramnick
The role of poetry in the creation of modern concepts of self and social order during the
long eighteenth century. Poems that feature changing ideas about gender and sexuality,
urban communities and ethics, science and the natural landscape, political sovereignty,
empire and race, animal life, and personal identity. Writers include Dryden, Rochester,
Behn, Swift, Pope, Thomson, Cowper, Blake, and Wordsworth. WR, HU
288
* ENGL 244b / FILM 397b / THST 228b, Writing about the Performing Arts
Margaret Spillane
Introduction to journalistic reporting on performances as current events, with attention
to writing in newspapers, magazines, and the blogosphere. The idea of the audience
explored in relation to both a live act or screening and a piece of writing about such an
event. Students attend screenings and live professional performances of plays, music
concerts, and dance events. HU
* ENGL 245a or b, Introduction to Writing Fiction Staff
An intensive introduction to the craft of fiction, designed for aspiring creative writers.
Focus on the fundamentals of narrative technique and peer review.
* ENGL 246a or b, Introduction to Writing Poetry Cynthia Zarin
A seminar workshop for students who are beginning to write poetry or who have no
prior workshop experience at Yale. RP
* ENGL 247a / HSAR 460a, Writing about Contemporary Figurative Art Margaret
Spillane
A workshop on journalistic strategies for looking at and writing about contemporary
paintings of the human figure. Practitioners and theorists of figurative painting;
controversies, partisans, and opponents. Includes field trips to museums and galleries
in New York City. Admission by application only. Application details and forms are
available at english.yale.edu/undergraduate/applications-and-deadlines. WR, HU
* ENGL 248a / EVST 325a, Nature Writing in Britain and the English-Speaking
World Linda Peterson
Natural history and environmental writing in the English-speaking world from the late
eighteenth century to the present. Readings include Gilbert White's Natural History of
Selborne, Thoreau's Walden, and Darwin's Voyage of the Beagle, as well as recent work
by writers from Canada, the United States, India, and South Africa. Pre-1900 with
permission of instructor. WR, HU
* ENGL 250a, Romantic Poetry Leslie Brisman
Major works of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, P. B. Shelley, and Keats, as well as
selections from the works of Blake and from Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. HU
* ENGL 255b, Writing Humor Ryan Wepler
Skills essential to humor writing, with an emphasis on texture, tone, character, and
narrative. Students read the work of classmates and pieces by professional humor
writers with the goal of generating an ever-expanding set of techniques for both
reading humor and writing humorously. Recommended preparation: ENGL 120. WR
* ENGL 257b / THST 244b, Writing about Movement Staff
A seminar and workshop in writing about the human body in motion, with a focus
on the art of dance. Close reading of exemplary dance writing from the nineteenth
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and twentieth centuries. The challenges and possibilities of writing artfully about
nonverbal expression. Students use a variety of approaches to write about dance and
other performance genres. No previous knowledge of dance required. WR, HU
* ENGL 264a, Victorian Crime Janice Carlisle
Crimes of passion, greed, and desperation as they are represented in Victorian literature
from Dickens to Conan Doyle and in the graphic arts from Cruikshank to Frith.
Readings include fiction, journalism, poetry, and stage melodramas; art works range
from narrative paintings in oil to popular wood engravings. WR, HU
ENGL 265b, The Victorian Novel Ruth Yeazell
A selection of nineteenth-century novels, with attention to cultural contexts. Authors
chosen from the Bronts, Gaskell, Dickens, Collins, Eliot, Trollope, and Hardy. HU
* ENGL 275b, Emerson, Hawthorne, and Melville Richard Deming
Study of central works by three foundational writers of the nineteenth century. Cultural
and historical context; questions concerning American identity, ethics, and culture, as
well as the function of literature; the authors' views on the intersections of philosophy
and religious belief, culture, race, gender, and aesthetics. Readings include novels, short
fiction, and essays. WR, HU
* ENGL 278a, Antebellum American Literature Michael Warner
Introduction to writing from the period leading up to and through the Civil War. The
growth of African American writing in an antislavery context; the national book market
and its association with national culture; emergence of a language of environment;
romantic ecology and American pastoral; the "ecological Indian"; evangelicalism and
the secular; sentimentalism and gender; the emergence of sexuality; poetics. WR, HU
* ENGL 281b / AMST 358b, Animals in Modern American Fiction James Berger
Literary portrayals of animals are used to examine the relations between literature,
science, and social and political thought since the late nineteenth century. Topics
include Darwinist thought, socialism, fascism, gender and race relations, new thinking
about ecology, and issues in neuroscience. HU RP
ENGL 282a / AMST 282a, American Literature from the Civil War to World War I
Caleb Smith
A survey of American literature from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth.
Social protest, literary experimentation, and avant-garde aesthetics. Readings may
include works by Twain, DuBois, James, Stein, Williams, and Faulkner. HU
290
* ENGL 288a / THST 291a, Eloquence: Classical Rhetoric for Modern Media Joseph
Roach
Classical rhetoric, from Demosthenes to the digital age: the theory and practice of
persuasive public speaking and speech writing. Open to junior and senior Theater
Studies majors, and to nonmajors with permission of the instructor. Students must
preregister during the reading period of the preceding term. HU
ENGL 291b / AMST 261b, The American Novel since 1945 Amy Hungerford
American fiction; works by Richard Wright, Flannery OConnor, Patricia Highsmith,
Vladimir Nabokov, Jack Kerouac, Philip Roth, Marilynne Robinson, Toni Morrison,
Cormac McCarthy, Alison Bechdel, and Junot Diaz. HU
* ENGL 292a / WGSS 297a, Imagining Sexual Politics, 1960s to the Present
Margaret Homans
Historical survey of works of fiction, poetry, drama, and creative nonfiction that have
shaped and responded to feminist, queer, and transgender thought since the start of
second-wave feminism. Authors include Wittig, Rich, Broumas, Brown, Russ, Walker,
Lorde, Morrison, Kingston, Atwood, Cisneros, Bechdel, and Rankine. WR, HU
ENGL 293b / AFAM 140b / AMST 211b / ER&M 210b / WGSS 211b, Race and Gender
difference. WR, HU
* ENGL 296a / AFAM 296a / AMST 296a / WGSS 292a, Contemporary African
ENGL 300b / LITR 300b, Introduction to Theory of Literature Martin Hgglund
An examination of concepts and assumptions in contemporary views of literature.
Theories of meaning, interpretation, and representation. Critical analysis of formalist,
psychoanalytic, structuralist, poststructuralist, Marxist, and feminist approaches to
theory and to literature. HU
* ENGL 307a / FILM 476a, Hollywood Novel and Film Charles Musser
The history of novels and films about Hollywood. Ways in which the closely related
forms of novel and film portray "the dream factory"its past, present, and futureas
well as the way the forms interact. Books include Merton at the Movies (1922), I Should
Have Stayed Home (1938), Loves of the Last Tycoon (1940), and The Player (1988). Films
include What Price Hollywood? (1932), A Star is Born (1937), Sunset Boulevard (1950), In
291
a Lonely Place (1950), and The Player (1992). May not be taken after AMST S321/FILM
S180. HU
* ENGL 308a / FILM 242a / HUMS 454a / LITR 398a, Interpreting Film Masterpieces
Dudley Andrew and David Bromwich
Exploration of seven auteurs from Europe and Hollywood, 19371967. Assessment of
methods that deepen appreciation of the films and the medium. WR, HU
* ENGL 313b, Poetry and Political Sensibility Staff
Close reading of selected lyric poetry from the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
Focus on ways in which the poems illuminate and engage contemporary habits of
political evaluation and response. Poets include Seamus Heaney, Dylan Thomas, W.B.
Yeats, W.H. Auden, Lesbia Harford, Pablo Neruda, Bertolt Brecht, Frank O'Hara,
Wislawa Szymborska, Edith Sdergran, and Audre Lorde. WR, HU
* ENGL 325b / AMST 257b, Modern Apocalyptic Narratives James Berger
The persistent impulse in Western culture to imagine the end of the world and
what might follow. Social and psychological factors that motivate apocalyptic
representations. Differences and constant features in apocalyptic representations from
the Hebrew Bible to contemporary science fiction. Attitudes toward history, politics,
sexuality, social class, and the process of representation in apocalyptic texts. HU
* ENGL 334b / ER&M 332b, Postcolonial World Literatures, 1945 to the Present Staff
Introduction to key debates about postwar world literatures in English, to the politics of
English as a language of postcolonial literature, and to debates about globalization and
culture. Themes include colonial history, postcolonial migration, translation, national
identity, cosmopolitanism, and global literary prizes. WR, HU
* ENGL 336a / LITR 323a / THST 303a, The Opera Libretto J. D. McClatchy
A selective survey of the genre from its seventeenth-century Italian origins to the
present day. The libretto's history, from opera seria to opra comique to melodrama,
featuring libretti by Hofmannsthal, W. S. Gilbert, and Auden. Emphasis on literary
adaptations, from Da Ponte and Beaumarchais to Britten and Thomas Mann. Source
material includes works by Shakespeare, Schiller, Hugo, Melville, and Tennessee
Williams. Readings in English; musical background not required. WR, HU
ENGL 344a / ER&M 236a, Global Fictions Justin Neuman
Survey of literary fiction from the late nineteenth century to the present in which
globalization serves as a major theme and primary frame of reference. Vectors of
globalization include energy, transportation, capital, drugs, war, media, tourism, and
sexuality. HU
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* ENGL 346a / RLST 233a, Poetry and Faith Christian Wiman

Issues of faith examined through poetry, with a focus on modern Christian poems from
1850 to the present. Some attention to poems from other faith traditions, as well as to
secular and antireligious poetry. HU
* ENGL 352b / ER&M 354b, Asian American Literature Staff
A study of how literature services, reflects, and contradicts the political formation
"Asian American." The role of literature in the Asian American movement of the 1960s
and 1970s; representations of literariness in contemporary Asian American novels,
poems, and plays. WR, HU
* ENGL 353a / LITR 463a, Medieval Celtic Literature David Gabriel
Major texts of Celtic literature, focusing on works from the birth of vernacular literature
in the Middle Ages to the early modern period. Cultural, historical, and literary issues
surrounding works in the Irish and Welsh languages; literary culture in Breton,
Cornish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx. Genres include lyric and bardic poetry, heroic and
religious narrative, and early Arthurian works. Readings in English translation; no
knowledge of Celtic languages assumed. HU Tr
* ENGL 356a, The Young Adult Dystopian Novel Jill Richards
Survey of young adult fiction across the twentieth century, with a focus on American
writers. Topics include environmental apocalypse, biopolitics, youth indebtedness,
juvenile sentencing, sexual violence, and racial profiling. Creative and critical writing
components. WR, HU
* ENGL 357a / WGSS 340a, Feminist and Queer Theory Margaret Homans
Historical survey of feminist and queer theory from the Enlightenment to the present,
with readings from key British, French, and American works. Focus on the foundations
and development of contemporary theory. Shared intellectual origins and concepts,
as well as divergences and conflicts, among different ways of approaching gender and
sexuality. WR, HU
* ENGL 358b, Literature for Young People Michele Stepto
An eclectic approach to stories and storytelling for and by children. Authors include
Nathaniel Hawthorne, Louisa May Alcott, Carlo Collodi, Jean de Brunhoff, Ursula
LeGuin, J. K. Rowling, Dr. Seuss, Maurice Sendak, Philip Pullman, and Neil Gaiman.
WR, HU RP
* ENGL 395a / LITR 154a, The Bible as Literature Leslie Brisman
Study of the Bible as a literaturea collection of works exhibiting a variety of attitudes
toward the conflicting claims of tradition and originality, historicity and literariness.
Pre-1800 with completion of supplementary assignments in the language of the King
James Bible. If there is sufficient interest, a second section will be offered. WR, HU RP
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* ENGL 401a, J. M. Coetzee Justin Neuman
A study of novels and other writings of J. M. Coetzee, exploring issues of animal and
human rights, apartheid, race, gender, colonialism and postcolonialism, sex, pain,
religion, and globalization. HU
English: Senior Seminar
* ENGL 411b / FILM 475b, Shakespeare on Film Brian Walsh
A survey of the lively tradition of putting Shakespeare's plays on film, from the
beginnings of cinema at the close of the nineteenth century to the present day. WR, HU
* ENGL 412b, Victorian Poetry Leslie Brisman
The major Victorian poets, Tennyson and Browning, in the context of the romanticism
they inherited and transformed. A selection of other Victorians whose genius or
popularity warrants attention, including Morris, the Rossettis, Hardy, Swinburne,
Hopkins, and Barrett Browning. WR, HU RP
* ENGL 414b / HUMS 453b, Utopia John Rogers
An examination of utopian fiction. Focus on works from early modern England, with
some attention to more recent utopian writings. The genre's Platonic origins, its ties
to early modern political philosophy, its role in the rise of the novel, and its legacy in
science fiction. Utopian literature's abiding concern with issues of social discipline,
religion, education, science, marriage, and sex. WR, HU
* ENGL 416a, Contemporary British Fiction Caryl Phillips
A study of literature that responds to a changing postWorld War II Britain, with
attention to the problem of who "belongs" and who is an "outsider." Authors include
Alan Hollinghurst, Kazuo Ishiguro, Colin McInnes, Samuel Selvon, Ruth Prawer
Jhabvala, and John Osborne. WR, HU RP
* ENGL 421a, Austen and Bront and Twentieth-Century Womens Novels Katie
Trumpener
Examination of ways that twentieth-century British, American, and anglophone
writers rewrite, revise, and reconcile key novels by Jane Austen and Charlotte Bront as
prototypes of a womens novel tradition. Particular attention to narrative voice, reader
identification, and the novels function as a record of social norms and as an agent of
historical change. Advanced courses are open to students normally after two terms of
English or the equivalent, or with the permission of the instructor. Starred courses may
be used to fulfill the two-seminar requirement for English majors. WR, HU
* ENGL 427a, Shakespeare's Political Plays David Bromwich
Reading and interpretation of selected histories and tragedies from Richard II to
Coriolanus. Prerequisite: a previous course in Shakespeare. WR, HU
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* ENGL 430b / AMST 425b, American Culture and the Rise of the Environment
Michael Warner
U.S. literature from the late eighteenth century to the Civil War explored in the context
of climate change. Development of the modern concept of the environment; the
formation and legacy of key ideas in environmentalism; effects of industrialization and
national expansion; utopian and dystopian visions of the future. WR, HU
* ENGL 433b / AMST 344b, The Nonhuman in Literature since 1800 Wai Chee
Dimock
Nonhuman life forms in fiction and poetry from the nineteenth century to the twentyfirst, including plants and animals, monsters and viruses, intelligent machines, and
extraterrestrial aliens. The complexity and variety of nonhuman ecology. WR, HU
* ENGL 434b, Chaucer and Discourses of Dissent Alastair Minnis
A study of Chaucer's Book of the Duchess, House of Fame, and Legend of Good Women, in
addition to substantial selections from his Canterbury Tales. The texts' relations to the
discourses of dissent current in Chaucer's day, an age of extreme political, social, and
intellectual turmoil. WR, HU RP
* ENGL 435a, Henry James Ruth Yeazell
Selected novels by Henry James, from Roderick Hudson through The Golden Bowl.
Particular attention to the international theme and to the ways in which James's later
novels revisit and transform the matter of his earlier ones. WR, HU
* ENGL 440a / AMST 414a, Poetry and Debates on the Value of Arts and Humanities
James Berger
Attacks on and defenses of poetry in the broadest sense (as culture, the aesthetic, the
humanities) from Plato to contemporary debates over the proper focus of education.
The value of poetry in terms of knowledge claims, moral impact, economic utility, and
other categories particular to artistic production and reception. WR, HU
* ENGL 445b / AFAM 437b / AMST 420b, Ralph Ellison in Context Robert Stepto
contemporaries, including Wright, Baldwin, Bearden, and Louis Armstrong. For
seniors who intend to fulfill the senior requirement for the English major by enrolling
in a senior seminar. Open to interested juniors and seniors outside the major when
space is available. WR, HU
* ENGL 446b / WGSS 426b, Virginia Woolf Margaret Homans
A study of the major novels and other writings by Virginia Woolf, with additional
readings in historical contexts and in Woolf biography and criticism. Focus on Woolf 's
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modernist formal experimentation and on her responses and contributions to political

movements of her day, principally feminism and pacifism; attention also to the critical
reception of her work, with emphasis on feminist and queer literary criticism and
theory. WR, HU
* ENGL 449a / AFST 449a, Challenges to Realism in Contemporary African Fiction
Staff
Introduction to experimental African novels that challenge realist and documentary
modes of representation. Topics include mythology, gender subversion, politics,
the city, migration, and the self. Ways of reading African and postcolonial literature
through the lenses of identity, history, and nation. WR, HU
* ENGL 450b, Daily Themes Cynthia Zarin
Writing of prose at the intermediate level. Daily assignments of c. 300 words, a
weekly lecture, and a weekly tutorial. Application forms available on the Web by midNovember. Application open to all undergraduates. Counts as a nonfiction course in the
writing concentration. WR
* ENGL 453b / THST 320b, Playwriting Donald Margulies
A seminar and workshop in writing for the stage. Readings include modern American
and British plays by Pinter, Mamet, Churchill, Kushner, Williams, and Wilder.
Emphasis on play structure, character, and conflict. In addition to weekly exercises,
students write a one-act play. RP
* ENGL 454a, Nonfiction Writing: Voice and Structure Fred Strebeigh
A nonfiction workshop, confronting the challenges of journalism as an art. Emphasis
on voice and structure. Study of texts that may suggest modes, voices, forms, and styles
for nonfiction pieces. Frequent writing projects and revisions. WR RP
* ENGL 455b, Writing about Oneself Anne Fadiman
A seminar and workshop in first-person writing. Students explore a series of themes
(e.g., family, love, loss, identity) both by writing about their own lives and by reading
British and American memoirs, autobiographies, personal essays, and letters. An older
work, usually from the nineteenth or early twentieth century, is paired each week with a
more recent one on the same theme. WR
* ENGL 456b / HUMS 427b / JDST 316b / LITR 348b, The Practice of Literary
Translation Peter Cole
Intensive readings in the history and theory of translation paired with practice in
translating. Case studies from ancient languages (the Bible, Greek and Latin classics),
medieval languages (classical Arabic literature), and modern languages (poetic texts).
HU
* ENGL 459a / EVST 215a, Writing about Science and the Environment Carl Zimmer
An intensive workshop in writing about science and the environment for a broad
audience. Translating complex subjects into elegant prose, conducting interviews,
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handling controversies, researching articles, and finding one's voice. Readings include
exemplary works ranging from newspaper articles to book excerpts. Admission
by application only. Application details and forms are available at english.yale.edu/
undergraduate/applications-and-deadlines. WR RP
* ENGL 460a or b / AFAM 483b, Advanced Poetry Writing Staff
A seminar and workshop in the writing of verse. May be repeated for credit with a
different instructor. RP
* ENGL 461b / FILM 396b, Writing for Film: Voice and Vision John Crowley
Practice in all aspects of writing a screenplay. Focus on elements shared with other
forms of fiction, including story, character, narrative, personal voice, and audience
expectations. Study of one or more published screenplays in conjunction with viewings
of the resulting films. Students plan, pitch, outline, and write a large part of a single
screenplay, in addition to shorter exercises in screenplay craft. RP
* ENGL 465a or b, Advanced Fiction Writing Staff
An advanced workshop in the craft of writing fiction. May be repeated for credit with a
different instructor.
* ENGL 467a or b / PLSC 253a or b, Journalism Staff
An intensive workshop in the journalism profession and its changing role and
accelerating challenges. Definitions of journalism; the role of journalism in a democracy
and a free market; differences between information, news, vicarious news, and
entertainment; knowing and telling a good story; the structure of newspaper articles,
blogs, online newspapers and magazines, mixed digital media, magazine features,
television reports, and nonfiction books; interviewing techniques; fairness; sourcing;
the economics of journalism; and audience. Fulfills the core seminar requirement for
Yale Journalism Scholars. No prerequisites. WR
* ENGL 469a, Advanced Nonfiction Writing Anne Fadiman
A seminar and workshop with the theme "At Home in America." Students consider
the varied ways in which modern American literary journalists write about place,
and address the theme themselves in both reportorial and first-person work. No
prerequisites. WR, HU
* ENGL 470a or b, Tutorial in Writing Jessica Brantley
A writing tutorial in fiction, poetry, playwriting, screenwriting, or nonfiction
for students who have already taken writing courses at the intermediate and
advanced levels. Conducted with a faculty member after approval by the director of
undergraduate studies. Prerequisites: two courses in writing.
* ENGL 473b, The Journalism of Ideas Mark Oppenheimer
The history and practice of writing journalistic essays or articles in which the principal
actor is not a person but a notion or idea. Conventions, tropes, and authorial strategies
that give rise to the best work in the genre; focus on twentieth-century writers such
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as George Orwell, Hannah Arendt, Tom Wolfe, Renata Adler, and Janet Malcolm.
Students write their own example of the journalism of ideas. WR, HU RP
* ENGL 474a, The Genre of the Sentence Verlyn Klinkenborg
A workshop that explores the sentence as the basic unit of writing and the smallest
unit of perception. The importance of the sentence itself versus that of form or genre.
Writing as an act of discovery. Includes weekly writing assignments. Not open to
freshmen. HU
* ENGL 476a, Contemporary Poetry and Poetics Richard Deming
A study of contemporary poetry and poetics that explores both literary criticism and
creative writing. Ways to assess prevailing poetic values and articulate one's own.
Attention to critical skills for engaging recent developments in the field; development of
a sense of the current aesthetic landscape. Includes four additional class meetings with
influential contemporary poets who represent a variety of styles and modes. WR
* ENGL 479a / ER&M 437a / THST 437a, Playwriting Workshop: Adaptation, Sacred
Texts, and Social Justice Ronald Jenkins
Through the study of theatrical works that have been adapted from sacred texts, the
course introduces students to playwriting techniques helpful for writing their own
scripts based on a socially conscious reading of sacred texts. Possible collaboration with
incarcerated and formerly incarcerated individuals in adapting Dante's Divine Comedy
for the stage. HU
* ENGL 488a or b, Special Projects for Juniors or Seniors Jessica Brantley
Special projects set up by the student in an area of particular interest with the help
of a faculty adviser and the director of undergraduate studies, intended to enable
the student to cover material not otherwise offered by the department. The course
may be used for research or for directed reading, but in either case a term paper or its
equivalent is normally required. The student meets regularly with the faculty adviser.
To apply for admission, a student must submit an application and prospectus signed by
the faculty adviser to the office of the director of undergraduate studies. Students must
apply by December 9, 2015, for spring-term projects and by April 22, 2016, for fall-term
projects. Application details and forms are available at english.yale.edu/undergraduate/
applications-and-deadlines.
* ENGL 489a or b, The Writing Concentration Senior Project Jessica Brantley
A term-long project in writing, under tutorial supervision, aimed at producing a single
longer work (or a collection of related shorter works). An application and prospectus
signed by the student's adviser must be submitted to the office of the director of
undergraduate studies by November 13, 2015, for spring-term projects and by April 14,
2016, for fall-term projects. The project is due by the end of the last week of classes (fall
term), or the end of the next-to-last week of classes (spring term). Application details
and forms are available at english.yale.edu/undergraduate/applications-and-deadlines.
* ENGL 490a or b, The Senior Essay I Jessica Brantley
Students wishing to undertake an independent senior essay in English must apply
through the office of the director of undergraduate studies. Applications are due by
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December 9, 2015, for spring-term essays or for yearlong essays beginning in the spring
term; applications are due by April 22, 2016, for fall-term essays or for yearlong essays
beginning in the fall term. Application details and forms are available at english.yale.edu/
undergraduate/applications-and-deadlines. For one-term senior essays, the essay itself is
due in the office of the director of undergraduate studies according to the following
schedule: (1) end of the fourth week of classes: five to ten pages of writing and/or
an annotated bibliography; (2) end of the ninth week of classes: a rough draft of
the complete essay; (3) end of the last week of classes (fall term) or end of the nextto-last week of classes (spring term): the completed essay. Consult the director of
undergraduate studies regarding the schedule for submission of the yearlong senior
essay.
* ENGL 491a or b, The Senior Essay II Jessica Brantley
Second term of the optional yearlong senior essay. Students may begin the yearlong
essay in the spring term of the junior year, allowing for significant summer research,
with permission of the instructor. After ENGL 490.
Other Courses Related to English Language and Literature

THST 110a and THST 111b, Survey of Theater and Drama Marc Robinson and
Joseph Roach
An introduction to theater history, plays, aesthetic theories, and performance
techniques. From antiquity to the Restoration period in the fall and continuing through
to the present in the spring. HU
* THST 315a, Acting Shakespeare James Bundy
A practicum in acting verse drama, focusing on tools to mine the printed text for given
circumstances, character, objective, and action; noting the opportunities and limitations
that the printed play script presents; and promoting both the expressive freedom and
responsibility of the actor as an interpretive and collaborative artist in rehearsal. The
course will include work on sonnets, monologues, and scenes. Admission by audition.
Preference to seniors and juniors; open to nonmajors. HU RP
* THST 321a, Production Seminar: Playwriting Deborah Margolin
A seminar and workshop in playwriting. Emphasis on developing an individual voice.
Scenes read and critiqued in class. Admission by application, with priority to Theater
Studies majors. A writing sample and statement of purpose should be submitted to the
instructor before the first class meeting. RP
* THST 322b, Advanced Playwriting Deborah Margolin
A seminar and workshop in advanced playwriting that furthers the development of
an individual voice. Study of contemporary and classical plays to understand new and
traditional forms. Students write two drafts of an original one-act play or adaptation
for critique in workshop sessions. Familiarity with basic playwriting tools is assumed.
Open to juniors and seniors, nonmajors as well as majors, on the basis of their work;
priority to Theater Studies majors. Writing samples should be submitted to the
instructor before the first class meeting. Prerequisite: THST 320 or 321, or a college
seminar in playwriting, or equivalent experience. RP
Environment
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* THST 442b, Scene Study Joseph Roach

Ensemble studio explorations of classic scenes from the repertoire of modern and
contemporary drama. Admission by audition only. Preference to Theater Studies
majors. HU
Environment
At Yale, the environment is studied from a variety of perspectives. Majors are offered in
Architecture (p. 143), Chemical Engineering (p. 173), Ecology and Evolutionary
Biology (p. 241), Environmental Engineering (p. 299), Environmental Studies
(p. 303), and Geology and Geophysics (p. 359). The program in Forestry &
Environmental Studies (p. 342) offers courses in environmental science, policy,
and management. Many other departments and programs offer courses pertinent to
the study of environment, including American Studies (p. 107), Anthropology
(p. 118), Chemistry (p. 178), Economics (p. 249), English (p. 279),
Global Affairs (p. 377), History (p. 394), History of Art (p. 418), Political
Science (p. 561), Sociology (p. 611), and Study of the City (p. 643).
Some professional schools and programs offer relevant courses that may admit
undergraduates, including Public Health (http://publichealth.yale.edu), Forestry
& Environmental Studies (http://environment.yale.edu), the Law School (http://
www.law.yale.edu), and the School of Management (http://som.yale.edu).
Director of undergraduate studies: Jordan Peccia, 313C ML, 432-4385,
jordan.peccia@yale.edu; seas.yale.edu/departments/chemical-and-environmentalengineering
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM IN ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING
Professors Paul Anastas (Forestry & Environmental Studies), Michelle Bell (Forestry &
Environmental Studies), Gaboury Benoit (Forestry & Environmental Studies), Ruth Blake
(Geology & Geophysics), Stephen Edberg (School of Medicine), Menachem Elimelech
(Chemical & Environmental Engineering), Thomas Graedel (Forestry & Environmental
Studies), Edward Kaplan (School of Management), Yehia Khalil (Adjunct) (Chemical &
Environmental Engineering), Lisa Pfefferle (Chemical & Environmental Engineering),
Joseph Pignatello (Adjunct) (Chemical & Environmental Engineering), James Saiers
(Forestry & Environmental Studies)
Associate Professors Jaehong Kim (Chemical & Environmental Engineering), Jordan
Peccia (Chemical & Environmental Engineering), Julie Zimmerman (Chemical &
Environmental Engineering)
Assistant Professors Drew Gentner (Chemical & Environmental Engineering), Desiree
Plata (Chemical & Environmental Engineering)
Environmental engineering encompasses the scientific assessment and development
of engineering solutions to environmental problems affecting land, water, and air (the
biosphere). The field embraces broad environmental concerns, including the safety of
drinking water, groundwater protection and remediation, wastewater treatment, indoor
300
and outdoor air pollution, solid and hazardous waste disposal, cleanup of contaminated
sites, the prevention of pollution through product and process design, and strategies for
sustainable water and energy use and production.
Environmental engineers must balance competing technical, social, and legal
issues concerning the use of environmental resources. Because of the complexity
of these challenges, environmental engineers need a broad understanding not only
of engineering disciplines but also of chemistry, biology, geology, and economics.
Accordingly, the program allows students in the major to select an emphasis on
environmental engineering technology, sustainability, global health, economics, or
energy and climate change. The program prepares students for leadership positions
in industry and government agencies or for further studies in engineering, science,
business, law, and medicine.
Requirements of the major Two degree programs are offered: the B.S. in
Environmental Engineering, and the B.A. in Engineering Sciences (Environmental).
The B.S. degree program in Environmental Engineering is designed for students
who desire a strong background in environmental engineering leading to a career
in the field. The B.A. degree program in Engineering Sciences (Environmental) is
intended for students whose careers will involve, but not be dominated by, the skills of
environmental engineering. The B.A. program is appropriate for those contemplating
a career in which scientific and technological problems can play an important role, as is
often the case in law, business, medicine, or public service.
Prerequisites The B.S. degree program has the following prerequisites in mathematics
and basic sciences: MATH 112, 115; MATH 120 or ENAS 151; ENAS 194; a two-term
lecture sequence in chemistry, with corresponding labs; PHYS 180, 181; and BIOL 101
and 102 or 103 and 104. The B.A. degree program requires MATH 112 and 115; a twoterm lecture sequence in chemistry; and PHYS 170, 171.
B.S. degree program in Environmental Engineering The B.S. degree program
requires at least twelve term courses beyond the prerequisites, including the senior
requirement. Students take CENG 300 or MENG 211, ENVE 120, 360, 373, 377, and
either 315 or 448, EVST 344, and MENG 361 or F&ES 714. At least three electives must
be chosen in consultation with the director of undergraduate studies, preferably within
one of the following tracks: environmental engineering technology, sustainability,
global health, economics, or energy and climate change.
B.A. degree program in Engineering Sciences (Environmental) The B.A. degree
program requires nine term courses beyond the prerequisites, including the senior
requirement. Students take ENVE 120, 360, and either 373 or 377. Five electives must be
chosen in consultation with the director of undergraduate studies.
Senior requirement Students in the B.S. program must pass ENVE 416 in their senior
year. Students in the B.A. program must pass ENVE 490 in their senior year.
Credit/D/Fail No course taken Credit/D/Fail may count toward the major, including
prerequisites.

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, B.S.
301
Prerequisites MATH 112, 115; MATH 120 or ENAS 151; ENAS 194; two-term lecture
sequence in chemistry, with labs; PHYS 180, 181; BIOL 101 and 102 or 103 and 104
Specific courses required CENG 300 or MENG 211; ENVE 120, 360, 373, 377;
ENVE 315 or 448; EVST 344; MENG 361 or F&ES 714
Distribution of courses 3 electives as specified
Senior requirement ENVE 416
ENGINEERING SCIENCES (ENVIRONMENTAL), B.A.
Prerequisites MATH 112, 115; two-term lecture sequence in chemistry; PHYS 170, 171
Specific courses required ENVE 120, 360; ENVE 373 or 377
Distribution of courses 5 electives approved by DUS
Senior requirement ENVE 490
Courses
* ENVE 120b / CENG 120b / ENAS 120b, Introduction to Environmental Engineering
Jordan Peccia
ENVE 202b / CHEM 102b / EVST 102b, Introduction to Green Chemistry Paul
Anastas
ENVE 210a / CENG 210a, Principles of Chemical Engineering and Process Modeling
Andr Taylor
Analysis of the transport and reactions of chemical species as applied to problems in
chemical, biochemical, and environmental systems. Emphasis on the interpretation of
laboratory experiments, mathematical modeling, and dimensional analysis. Lectures
include classroom demonstrations. Prerequisite: MATH 120 or permission of instructor.
QR, SC RP
ENVE 315b / CENG 315b, Transport Phenomena Michael Loewenberg
Unified treatment of momentum, energy, and chemical species transport including
conservation laws, flux relations, and boundary conditions. Topics include convective
and diffusive transport, transport with homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical
reactions and/or phase change, and interfacial transport phenomena. Emphasis on
problem analysis and mathematical modeling, including problem formulation, scaling
302
arguments, analytical methods, approximation techniques, and numerical solutions.

Prerequisite: ENAS 194 or permission of instructor. QR, SC RP
ENVE 327a / F&ES 327a / G&G 327a, Atmospheric Chemistry Nadine Unger
The chemical and physical processes that determe the composition of the atmosphere;
implications for climate, ecosystems, and human welfare. Origin of the atmosphere;
photolysis and reaction kinetics; atmospheric transport of trace species; stratospheric
ozone chemistry; tropospheric hydrocarbon chemistry; oxidizing power, nitrogen,
oxygen, sulfur, and carbon cycles; interactions between chemistry, climate, and
biosphere; aerosols, smog, and acid rain. Prerequisites: CHEM 161, 165, or 167 (or
CHEM 115 or 118), and MATH 120, or equivalents. ENAS 194 recommended. QR, SC
ENVE 360b / ENAS 360b, Green Engineering and Sustainable Design Julie
Zimmerman
Study of green engineering, focusing on key approaches to advancing sustainability
through engineering design. Topics include current design, manufacturing, and
disposal processes; toxicity and benign alternatives; policy implications; pollution
prevention and source reduction; separations and disassembly; material and
energy efficiencies and flows; systems analysis; biomimicry; and life cycle design,
management, and analysis. Prerequisites: CHEM 161, 165 or 163, 167 (or CHEM 112,
113, or 114, 115), or permission of instructor.
ENVE 373a / CENG 373a, Air Pollution Control Drew Gentner
An overview of air quality problems worldwide with a focus on emissions, chemistry,
transport, and other processes that govern dynamic behavior in the atmosphere.
Quantitative assessment of the determining factors of air pollution (e.g., transportation
and other combustionrelated sources, chemical transformations), climate
change, photochemical smog, pollutant measurement techniques, and air quality
management strategies. Prerequisite: ENVE 210. QR, SC RP
* ENVE 377a / CENG 377a, Water Quality Control Jaehong Kim
Study of the preparation of water for domestic and other uses and treatment of
wastewater for recycling or discharge to the environment. Topics include processes for
removal of organics and inorganics, regulation of dissolved oxygen, and techniques
such as ion exchange, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, activated carbon adsorption, and
biological methods. Prerequisite: ENVE 120 or permission of instructor. SC RP
* ENVE 410Lb, Environmental Technology in the Developing World Jaehong Kim
Practical application of environmental engineering fundamentals to solve real-world
environmental and human-health problems in underdeveloped regions of the world.
Issues related to water and wastewater treatment, water- and air-quality monitoring
and control, subsurface remediation, and hygienic infrastructure. Includes a weeklong
field trip to Nicaragua during spring break. Prerequisites: ENVE 373 and 377. Priority to
Environmental Studies majors. Course cr
ENVE 416b / CENG 416b, Chemical Engineering Process Design Paul Van Tassel and
Corey Wilson
Study of the techniques for and the design of chemical processes and plants, applying
the principles of chemical engineering and economics. Emphasis on flowsheet
development and equipment selection, cost estimation and economic analysis, design
strategy and optimization, safety and hazards analysis, and environmental and ethical
303
considerations. Enrollment limited to seniors majoring in Chemical Engineering or

Environmental Engineering. QR, SC RP
ENVE 441a, Biological Processes in Environmental Engineering Jordan Peccia
Fundamental aspects of microbiology and biochemistry, including stoichiometry,
kinetics, and energetics of biochemical reactions, microbial growth, and microbial
ecology, as they pertain to biological processes for the transformation of environmental
contaminants; principles for analysis and design of aerobic and anaerobic processes,
including suspended- and attached-growth systems, for treatment of conventional and
hazardous pollutants in municipal and industrial wastewaters and in groundwater.
Prerequisites: CHEM 161, 165, or 163, 167 (or CHEM 112, 113, or 114, 115, or 118);
MCDB 290 or equivalent; or with permission of instructor. SC
ENVE 448a, Environmental Transport Processes Menachem Elimelech
Analysis of transport phenomena governing the fate of chemical and biological
contaminants in environmental systems. Emphasis on quantifying contaminant
transport rates and distributions in natural and engineered environments. Topics
include distribution of chemicals between phases; diffusive and convective transport;
interfacial mass transfer; contaminant transport in groundwater, lakes, and rivers;
analysis of transport phenomena involving particulate and microbial contaminants.
Prerequisite: ENVE 120 or permission of instructor. QR, SC
ENVE 473b, Air Quality and Energy Drew Gentner
The production and use of energy explored as a source of air pollution worldwide.
Assessment of emissions and physical/chemical processes; the effects of emissions
from energy sources; the behavior of pollutants in energy systems and in the
atmosphere. Topics include traditional and emerging energy technology, climate
change, atmospheric aerosols, tropospheric ozone, and transport/modeling/mitigation.
Prerequisite: ENVE 373 or equivalent. SC
* ENVE 490a or b, Senior Project Jordan Peccia
Individual research and design projects supervised by a faculty member in
Environmental Engineering, or in a related field with permission of the director of
Director of undergraduate studies: Paul Sabin, 2677 HGS, 436-2516,
paul.sabin@yale.edu; www.yale.edu/evst
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES
Professors D. Michelle Addington (School of Architecture, Forestry & Environmental
Studies), Paul Anastas (Forestry & Environmental Studies), Gaboury Benoit (Forestry &
Environmental Studies), Graeme Berlyn (Forestry & Environmental Studies), Ruth Blake
(Geology & Geophysics), Garry Brewer (Emeritus) (School of Management), Derek Briggs
(Geology & Geophysics), Gary Brudvig (Chemistry, Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry),
Benjamin Cashore (Forestry & Environmental Studies), Peter Crane (Forestry &
Environmental Studies), Michael Donoghue (Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Forestry &
Environmental Studies), Michael Dove (Forestry & Environmental Studies, Anthropology),
Menachem Elimelech (Chemical & Environmental Engineering), John Mack Faragher
304
(History, American Studies), Durland Fish (Public Health, Forestry & Environmental
Studies), Thomas Graedel (Forestry & Environmental Studies), Daniel Kevles (History,
History of Medicine), Benedict Kiernan (History), Robert Mendelsohn (Forestry &
Environmental Studies, Economics), Alan Mikhail (History), Mark Pagani (Geology
& Geophysics), Jeffrey Park (Geology & Geophysics), Peter Perdue (History), Linda
Peterson (English), David Post (Ecology & Evolutionary Biology), Jeffrey Powell (Ecology
& Evolutionary Biology, Forestry & Environmental Studies), Peter Raymond (Forestry
& Environmental Studies), Nicholas Robinson (Adjunct) (Forestry & Environmental
Studies), Susan Rose-Ackerman (Law School, Political Science), James Saiers (Forestry
& Environmental Studies), Oswald Schmitz (Forestry & Environmental Studies, Ecology
& Evolutionary Biology), James Scott (Political Science, Anthropology), Karen Seto
(Forestry & Environmental Studies), Kalyanakrishnan Sivaramakrishnan (Anthropology,
Forestry & Environmental Studies), David Skelly (Forestry & Environmental Studies,
Ecology & Evolutionary Biology), Brian Skinner (Geology & Geophysics), Ronald Smith
(Geology & Geophysics, Forestry & Environmental Studies), Stephen Stearns (Ecology &
Evolutionary Biology), Charles Tomlin (Forestry & Environmental Studies) (Visiting), John
Wargo (Forestry & Environmental Studies, Political Science), Harvey Weiss (Near Eastern
Languages & Civilizations, Anthropology), John Wettlaufer (Geology & Geophysics), Robert
Wyman (Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology)
Associate Professors Paul Sabin (History), David Vasseur (Ecology & Evolutionary
Biology), Julie Zimmerman (Chemical & Environmental Engineering)
Assistant Professors Mark Bradford (Forestry & Environmental Studies), Alex Felson
(Forestry & Environmental Studies), Anjelica Gonzalez (Biomedical Engineering), Karen
Hbert (Forestry & Environmental Studies, Anthropology), William Rankin (History,
History of Science)
Senior Lecturers Shimon Anisfeld, Carol Carpenter, Amity Doolittle, John Grim, Fred
Strebeigh
Lecturers Mary Beth Decker, Kealoha Freidenburg, Gordon Geballe, Paul Lussier,
Linda Puth, Catherine Skinner, Carl Zimmer
Environmental Studies provides an interdisciplinary approach to understanding
and solving environmental problems. From the natural sciences, students learn
experimental techniques and methods of analysis needed to make accurate
observations, to document change, to distinguish those changes resulting from
human activity, and to understand what comprises healthy landscapes and functioning
ecosystems. Students look to the humanities and social sciences for explanations of
the ways people behave and for analyses of our institutions and their social, political,
and economic activities. The Environmental Studies major prepares students for
graduate study in a range of disciplines including law, medicine, and public health, and
for careers in business, environmental management and conservation, teaching, and
writing.
Prerequisites The major requires preparation in chemistry, biology, laboratory or
field training, and either mathematics, physics, or statistics. The general chemistry
prerequisite is fulfilled by a two-term lecture sequence in chemistry, or CHEM 118.
The introductory biology prerequisite includes BIOL 101 and 102, or G&G 125, or
MCDB 123. A natural science laboratory or field course focusing on research and
305
analytic methods is chosen from chemistry laboratories, EVST 221, 234L, 244, or
G&G 126L. A term course in mathematics, physics, or statistics is selected from
MATH 112 or above (excluding MATH 190), PHYS 170 or above, or STAT 101 or
above. Students are advised to take chemistry and biology during the freshman year
before enrolling in the EVST core courses in natural sciences. It is recommended that
students complete the prerequisites by the end of the fall term in their sophomore year,
prior to application to the major (see below), although this is not required. Where
relevant, students may employ acceleration credit to fulfill the prerequisites.
Requirements of the major In addition to the prerequisites, twelve and one-half or
thirteen and one-half course credits are required for the major, including four core
courses, one core laboratory, a departmental seminar, a concentration of six courses,
and a one- or two-term senior project and colloquium (EVST 496).
Credit/D/Fail courses Courses taken Credit/D/Fail may not be counted toward the
Core courses Students are required to take at least two core courses in the humanities
and social sciences selected from EVST 120, 226, 255, 340, or 345. They must also take
the environmental science core courses EVST 201, 202L, and 223. Completing one
course in each area is recommended before the end of the sophomore year.
Departmental seminar All majors must complete a departmental seminar approved by
the director of undergraduate studies. This requirement may be completed in any year
of study. Seminars already approved include EVST 215, 285, and 290.
Area of concentration Students plan their concentration in consultation with the
director of undergraduate studies and the student's adviser. A concentration is defined
as six courses that provide depth in a problem or issue, as well as disciplinary expertise.
Past concentrations have included biodiversity, climate change, energy, environmental
history, food and agriculture, human health, resource use and sustainability, and
urban planning. Students also have the opportunity to work with the director of
undergraduate studies to design a unique concentration within the major.
Senior requirement Seniors must complete one or two terms of an independent
research project and colloquium, taken as EVST 496. One-term senior essays require
the permission of the director of undergraduate studies.
Application to the Environmental Studies major Students typically apply to enter
the major during their sophomore year. Applications are accepted on a rolling basis
throughout the year, and must be made in writing to the director of undergraduate
studies; application details can be found on the program's Web site (http://
www.yale.edu/evst). Juniors who have already completed considerable course work
toward the major may also apply. Students considering a major in Environmental
Studies should consult the director of undergraduate studies as early as possible in the
freshman year.
Summer environmental internship During the summer between the junior and senior
years, many students gain experience in the field through research or internships in
an area pertinent to their senior research project. Internships may be arranged with
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nonprofit organizations, government agencies, or corporations. Financial support may

be available for students who wish to participate in the summer program.

Prerequisites A 2-term lecture sequence in chem, or CHEM 118; BIOL 101 and 102,
or G&G 125, or MCDB 123; a chem lab or EVST 221, 234L, 244, or G&G 126L;
MATH 112 or above (excluding MATH 190), PHYS 170 or above, or STAT 101 or
above
Number of courses 12 or 13 course credits beyond prereqs, incl one- or two-term
senior project
Specific courses required EVST 201, 202L, 223; 2 from EVST 120, 226, 255, 340, 345
Distribution of courses 1 departmental sem, 6 courses in area of concentration
Senior requirement One- or two-term research project and colloq (EVST 496)
* EVST 020a / F&ES 020a, Sustainable Development in Haiti Gordon Geballe
The principles and practice of sustainable development explored in the context of
Haiti's rich history and culture, as well as its current environmental and economic
impoverishment. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under
Freshman Seminar Program. WR
* EVST 030b / ARCG 020b / CLCV 059b / HIST 020b / NELC 026b, Rivers and
* EVST 100a / APHY 100 / ENAS 100 / G&G 105 / PHYS 100, Energy Technology and
Society Daniel Prober
The technology and use of energy. Impacts on the environment, climate, security,
and economy. Application of scientific reasoning and quantitative analysis. Intended
for nonscience majors with strong backgrounds in math and science. Enrollment
limited to 24. For application instructions, visit the course site on Classes*v2 (http://
classesv2.yale.edu). QR, SC
EVST 102b / CHEM 102b / ENVE 202b, Introduction to Green Chemistry Paul
Anastas
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Core Courses
Humanities and Social Sciences
EVST 120b / AMST 163b / HIST 120b / HSHM 204b, Introduction to Environmental
History Paul Sabin
in commodities; contrasting uses of land; the impact of industry and markets; the rise
of modern conservation and environmental movements; the development of public
policy; the global search for resources by the United States. HU
EVST 340b / ECON 330b, Economics of Natural Resources Robert Mendelsohn
Microeconomic theory brought to bear on current issues in natural resource policy.
Topics include regulation of pollution, hazardous waste management, depletion of the
world's forests and fisheries, wilderness and wildlife preservation, and energy planning.
After introductory microeconomics. QR, SO
* EVST 345a / ANTH 382a / F&ES 384a, Environmental Anthropology Michael Dove
Environmental Science
EVST 201a / G&G 140a, Atmosphere, Ocean, and Environmental Change Ronald
Smith
Physical processes that control Earth's atmosphere, ocean, and climate. Quantitative
methods for constructing energy and water budgets. Topics include clouds, rain, severe
storms, regional climate, the ozone layer, air pollution, ocean currents and productivity,
the seasons, El Nio, the history of Earth's climate, global warming, energy, and water
resources. Must be taken concurrently with EVST 202L. QR, SC
* EVST 202La / G&G 141La, Laboratory for Atmosphere, Ocean, and Environmental
Change Ronald Smith
Laboratory and field exercises to accompany EVST 201. Must be taken concurrently
with EVST 201. SC Course cr
EVST 223a / E&EB 220a, General Ecology Ann Staver and David Vasseur
The theory and practice of ecology, including the ecology of individuals, population
dynamics and regulation, community structure, ecosystem function, and ecological
interactions at broad spatial and temporal scales. Topics such as climate change,
fisheries management, and infectious diseases are placed in an ecological context.
Prerequisite: MATH 112 or equivalent. SC

The following courses have been approved for developing areas of concentration. Other
courses may be suitable for designing an area of concentration with permission of the
EVST 191a, Trees: Environmental Biology and Global Significance Craig Brodersen
Underlying principles that govern tree biology in both time and space. The biophysics
of energy balance, water transport, and gas exchange, from individual plant organs
308
to the tree and forest canopy; principles of cells and membranes; the fundamental
differences between plant and animal cells; regional and global patterns in forest
dynamics; implications of disruptions in the biotic and abiotic environment. Case
studies focus on understanding forests and forest products and their global significance.
SC
* EVST 200b / G&G 115b, Earth System Science Jeffrey Park
A survey of geoscience. Interaction of lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and
Earth's deep interior; natural controls on environment and climate in past, present,
and future; rocks, minerals, glaciers, earthquakes, and volcanoes; natural hazards and
natural resources. (Formerly G&G 200) SC
EVST 211b / G&G 211b / HIST 143b / HSHM 211b, Catastrophe and the Earth Sciences
since 1850 William Rankin
A history of the geological, atmospheric, and environmental sciences, with a focus on
predictions of global catastrophe. Topics range from headline catastrophes such as
global warming, ozone depletion, and nuclear winter to historical debates about the age
of the Earth, the nature of fossils, and the management of natural resources. Tensions
between science and religion; the role of science in government; environmental
economics; the politics of prediction, modeling, and incomplete evidence. HU
* EVST 212a / EP&E 390a / PLSC 212a, Democracy and Sustainability Michael Fotos
Democracy, liberty, and the sustainable use of natural resources. Concepts include
institutional analysis, democratic consent, property rights, market failure, and common
pool resources. Topics of policy substance are related to human use of the environment
and to U.S. and global political institutions. SO
* EVST 221a / E&EB 230a / F&ES 221a, Field Ecology Linda Puth
instructor. SC
* EVST 234La, Field Science: Environment and Sustainability L. Kealoha
Freidenburg
A field course that explores the effects of human influences on the environment.
Analysis of pattern and process in forested ecosystems; introduction to the principles of
agroecology, including visits to local farms; evaluation of sustainability within an urban
environment. Weekly field trips and one weekend field trip. SC
* EVST 258a / AMST 258a, Wilderness in the North American Imagination Michelle
Morgan
The idea of wilderness in American history, art, film, public policy, and literature, from
the Puritans to the present. Authors include Thoreau, Faulkner, Jack London, Mary
Rowlandson, Aldo Leopold, and Rachel Carson. A weekend field trip is held early in the
term. HU
* EVST 261a / F&ES 261a / G&G 261a, Minerals and Human Health Ruth Blake
Study of the interrelationships between Earth materials and processes and personal
and public health. The transposition from the environment of the chemical elements
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essential for life. After one year of college-level chemistry or with permission of
instructor; G&G 110 recommended. SC
EVST 292a, Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century Daniel Esty
Sustainability as an overarching framework for life in the twenty-first century. Ways
in which this integrated policy concept diverges from the approaches to environmental
protection and economic development that were pursued in the twentieth century. The
interlocking challenges that stem from society's simultaneous desires for economic,
environmental, and social progress despite the tensions across these realms. SO
* EVST 311a, Environmental Communication for Public Engagement & Policy Paul
Lussier
Analysis, assessment, and application of narrative strategies to the communication of
climate and energy science toward public policy engagement and action. Emerging
interdisciplinary theory and research in narratology, sociology, and psychology, as well
as cultural, education, and media sciences. Recommended preparation: CSES 310. SO
* EVST 321b / ANTH 320b / ARCG 320b / NELC 320, From Babylon to Bush Harvey
Weiss
* EVST 325a / ENGL 248a, Nature Writing in Britain and the English-Speaking
World Linda Peterson
Natural history and environmental writing in the English-speaking world from the late
eighteenth century to the present. Readings include Gilbert White's Natural History of
Selborne, Thoreau's Walden, and Darwin's Voyage of the Beagle, as well as recent work
by writers from Canada, the United States, India, and South Africa. Pre-1900 with
permission of instructor. WR, HU
* EVST 348b, Yellowstone and Global Change Susan Clark
Introduction to sustainability issues in natural resource management and policy, using
the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem as a case study. Topics include large carnivores,
wildlife conservation, parks, energy, and transportation. Priority to Environmental
Studies majors.
* EVST 362b / ARCG 362b / G&G 362b, Observing Earth from Space Ronald Smith
* EVST 399a, Agriculture: Origins, Evolution, Crises Harvey Weiss
Analysis of the societal and environmental drivers and effects of plant and animal
domestication, the intensification of agroproduction, and the crises of agroproduction:
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land degradation, societal collapses, sociopolitical transformation, sustainablity, and

biodiversity. SO
* EVST 400b / E&EB 275b, Biological Oceanography Mary Beth Decker
Exploration of a range of coastal and pelagic ecosystems. Relationships between
biological systems and the physical processes that control the movements of water and
productivity of marine systems. Anthropogenic impacts on oceans, such as the effects of
fishing and climate change. Includes three Friday field trips. Enrollment limited to 15.
SC
* EVST 415b / BENG 405b, Biotechnology and the Developing World Anjelica
Gonzalez
and 102.
* EVST 424a / ANTH 406a / PLSC 420a, Rivers: Nature and Politics James Scott
* EVST 473b / ANTH 473b / ARCG 473b, Abrupt Climate Change and Societal
Departmental Seminars
* EVST 215a / ENGL 459a, Writing about Science and the Environment Carl Zimmer
An intensive workshop in writing about science and the environment for a broad
audience. Translating complex subjects into elegant prose, conducting interviews,
handling controversies, researching articles, and finding one's voice. Readings include
exemplary works ranging from newspaper articles to book excerpts. Admission
by application only. Application details and forms are available at english.yale.edu/
undergraduate/applications-and-deadlines. WR RP
Senior Project
* EVST 496a or b, Senior Research Project and Colloquium Jeffrey Park, Amity
Doolittle, and Paul Sabin
Independent research under the supervision of members of the faculty, resulting in
a senior essay. Students meet with peers and faculty members regularly throughout
the fall term to discuss the progress of their research. Projects should offer substantial
opportunity for interdisciplinary work on environmental problems. Students typically
complete a two-term senior essay, but students completing the requirements of two
majors may consider a one-term senior project.
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Director of undergraduate studies: Andrew March, 31 Hillhouse Ave., 432-7178,
andrew.march@yale.edu; epe.yale.edu
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF ETHICS, POLITICS,

AND ECONOMICS
Professors Seyla Benhabib (Political Science, Philosophy), Dirk Bergemann (Economics),
Donald Brown (Economics), David Cameron (Political Science), Stephen Darwall
(Philosophy), Ron Eyerman (Sociology), Bryan Garsten (Political Science), Jacob Hacker
(Political Science), Shelly Kagan (Philosophy), Joseph LaPalombara (Emeritus) (Political
Science), Giovanni Maggi (Economics), William Nordhaus (Economics), Thomas Pogge
(Philosophy), Douglas Rae (Political Science), John Roemer (Political Science), Susan
Rose-Ackerman (Political Science, Law School), Frances Rosenbluth (Political Science),
Andrew Sabl (Visiting), Nicholas Sambanis (Director) (Political Science), Ian Shapiro
(Political Science), Peter Swenson (Political Science), Steven Wilkinson (Political Science)
Associate Professor Andrew March (Political Science)
Senior Lecturers Boris Kapustin, Ioannis Kessides (Visiting)
Lecturers Alexandra Dufresne (Political Science), Stephen Latham (Political Science),
Vikram Mansharamani (Global Affairs)
In an era of global interdependence and rapid technological change, we need to think
practically about the institutional dynamics of power and governance. We have to
understand the technical complexities of economic and statistical analysis at the same
time that we think critically about basic moral and political choices. Constructive
responses to such problems as coping with natural and social hazards, allocation of
limited social resources (e.g., medical care), or morally sensitive political issues (e.g.,
affirmative action and war crimes) require close knowledge of their political, economic,
and social dimensions, and a capacity to think rigorously about the basic questions they
raise.
The major in Ethics, Politics, and Economics joins the analytic rigor of the social
sciences and the enduring normative questions of philosophy to promote an integrative
and critical understanding of the institutions, practices, and policies that shape the
contemporary world.
Requirements of the major Fourteen term courses are required for the major,
including five introductory courses, one intermediate microeconomics course, three
core courses, one advanced seminar, and four courses comprising a student's individual
area of concentration. The concentration is developed in consultation with the director
of undergraduate studies and should culminate in a senior essay written in the area
defined by the concentration.
Introductory courses Introductory courses provide a basic familiarity with
contemporary economic analysis and survey central issues in ethics and political
philosophy. Such a background is necessary to understand theories that combine
different approaches to the three areas of inquiry and to assess policies with complex
social, economic, and moral implications.
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The five introductory courses include two in economics (microeconomics and

macroeconomics), one in political philosophy, one in ethics, and one in statistics. An
intermediate course in microeconomics is also required.
Core courses Three core courses comprise the center of the major in Ethics, Politics,
and Economics. The first core course, required for all majors, is EP&E 215, Classics of
Ethics, Politics, and Economics. Students must complete two additional core courses,
each selected from a different one of the following three groups: rationality and social
choice, political systems, and social theory and cultural analysis. The three core courses
must be taken before the senior year. Core courses are indicated by the designations
"Rationality Core," "PoliticalSystems Core," and "Social Theory Core" in the course
listings in this bulletin and are listed by group on the program's Web site (http://
epe.yale.edu/undergraduate-information/requirements-major/#corereq).
Advanced seminars All majors must complete one advanced seminar. The course
is selected from an approved group of seminars that focus on how core modes of
reasoning drawn from the major's three areas of inquiry can be applied to a particular
area or problem. Courses that fulfill the advanced seminar requirement are indicated by
the designation "Advanced Seminar" in the course listings in this bulletin and are listed
by group on the program's Web site (http://epe.yale.edu/undergraduate-information/
requirements-major/#corereq).
Area of concentration Each student defines an area of concentration in consultation
with the director of undergraduate studies. The concentration enables students to frame
an important problem and shape a systematic course of inquiry, employing analytical
methods and substantive theories drawn from the three fields. Students should not only
recognize the accomplishments of varied interdisciplinary efforts, but also attempt to
represent and in some cases further develop those accomplishments in their own work.
For many students the concentration treats a contemporary problem with a substantial
policy dimension (domestic or international), but some students may wish to
emphasize philosophical and methodological issues. Areas of concentration must
consist of four courses appropriate to the theme, including the seminar or independent
study course in which the senior essay is written (see "Senior essay" below). In
designing the area of concentration, students are encouraged to include seminars
from other departments and programs. The director of undergraduate studies will
also require students to show adequate competence in data analysis when the area of
concentration requires it.
The following are examples of possible areas of concentration: distributive justice;
government regulation of market economies; environmental policy; philosophy of
law; gender relations; democracy and multiculturalism; contemporary approaches to
public policy; war and coercion; war crimes and crimes against humanity; medical
ethics; international political economy; philosophy of the social sciences; social theory
and ethics; cultural analysis and political thought; civil society and its normative
implications.
Some graduate and professional school courses are open to qualified undergraduates
and may be of interest to EP&E majors, (e.g., courses in the Schools of Nursing,
Forestry & Environmental Studies, Management, and Public Health). Permission to
enroll is required from the instructor as well as the appropriate representative of the
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graduate or professional program. Note that not all professional school courses yield
a full course credit in Yale College. See Courses in the Yale Graduate and Professional
Schools (p. 70) in the Academic Regulations.
Senior essay A senior essay is required for the major and should constitute an
intellectual culmination of the student's work in Ethics, Politics, and Economics. The
essay should fall within the student's area of concentration and may be written within
a relevant seminar, with the consent of the instructor and approval of the director of
undergraduate studies. If no appropriate seminar is offered in which the essay might
be written, the student may instead enroll in EP&E 491 with approval of the director
of undergraduate studies and a faculty member who will supervise the essay. Students
who wish to undertake a more substantial yearlong essay may enroll in EP&E 492, 493.
The senior essay reflects more extensive research than an ordinary Yale College seminar
paper and employs a method of research appropriate to its topic. Some papers might
be written entirely from library sources; others may employ field interviews and direct
observation; still others may require statistical or econometric analysis. The student
should consult frequently with the seminar instructor or adviser, offering partial and
preliminary drafts for criticism.
Senior essays written in the fall term are due December 7, 2015. Senior essays written
in the spring term and yearlong essays are due April 11, 2016. One-term essays are
normally expected to be forty to fifty pages in length; yearlong essays are normally
expected to be eighty to one hundred pages in length.
Credit/D/Fail Students admitted to the major may take any one of their Ethics,
Politics, and Economics courses Credit/D/Fail. Such courses count as non-A grades in
calculations for Distinction in the Major.
Application to the Ethics, Politics, and Economics major Students must apply to enter
the major at the end of the fall term of their sophomore year. Applications must be
submitted via e-mail to the program's registrar at kellianne.farnham@yale.edu no later
than 4 p.m. on Friday, December 4, 2015. Applications must include the application
cover sheet, a transcript of work at Yale that indicates fall-term 2015 courses, and a
brief application essay, all submitted in a single PDF file. If possible, applicants should
include a copy of a paper written for a course related to the subject matter of Ethics,
Politics, and Economics. More information regarding the application process and the
cover sheet is available on the program's Web site (http://epe.yale.edu/undergraduateinformation/applying-major).

Prerequisites None
Number of courses 14 (incl senior req)
Specific course required EP&E 215
Distribution of courses 1 intro course each in microeconomics, macroeconomics,
political phil, ethics, and stat; 1 intermediate microeconomics course; 2 addtl core
courses, as specified; 1 advanced sem, as specified; 4 courses, incl course for senior
req, in area of concentration defined by student in consultation with DUS
Senior requirement Senior essay in area of concentration (in a sem or in EP&E 491 or
in EP&E 492 and 493)
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EP&E 203a / PLSC 452a / STAT 102a, Introduction to Statistics: Political Science
Staff
Statistical analysis of politics, elections, and political psychology. Problems presented
with reference to a wide array of examples: public opinion, campaign finance, racially
motivated crime, and public policy. QR
EP&E: Intro Statistics
EP&E 204a / ENAS 335a, Professional Ethics Mercedes Carreras
A theoretical and case-oriented approach to ethical decision making. Concepts, tools,
and methods for constructing and justifying solutions to moral problems that students
may face as professionals. SO
EP&E 209a / PLSC 453a / STAT 103a, Introduction to Statistics: Social Sciences Staff
Descriptive and inferential statistics applied to analysis of data from the social sciences.
Introduction of concepts and skills for understanding and conducting quantitative
research. QR
* EP&E 215a or b, Classics of Ethics, Politics, and Economics Staff
A critical examination of classic and contemporary works that treat problems of ethics,
politics, and economics as unities. Topics include changing conceptions of private and
public spheres, the content and domain of individual freedom, and ethical and political
limits to the market. Readings from the works of Aristotle, Hobbes, Locke, Smith,
Bentham, Mill, Hegel, Marx, Hayek, Rawls, and others. HU, SO
* EP&E 221b / ECON 457b, Economics, Politics, and History: Institutional Design
and Institutional Change Jose-Antonio Espin-Sanchez
The efficiency and distributive consequences of institutions' governing of human
relationships. Efficiency concerns with the size of the "pie"; ways in which different
institutions generate a bigger "pie" than others. Distribution concerns with who gets a
bigger piece of the "pie." Why "bad" institutions persist over time; what can be done to
change from bad/old institutions to good/new institutions. Prerequisites: intermediate
micro- or macroeconomics, and a course in statistics and probability. SO
* EP&E 224a / ECON 465a / GLBL 330a, Debating Globalization Ernesto Zedillo
EP&E: Rationality Core
* EP&E 227b / ECON 473b / PLSC 343b, Equality John Roemer
315
* EP&E 228b / ECON 462b / GLBL 316b / LAST 410b, The Economics of Human
* EP&E 230a / PLSC 310a, Self-Interest and Its Critics Andrew Sabl
Debates surrounding the concept of self-interest from the seventeenth century to the
present. Defining self-interest, its nature, and its limits, and distinguishing it from
other motives for behavior; advantages and disadvantages of assuming self-interested
motives for human actions; current scholarship on economic rationality, rational choice
in political science, and philosophical ethics. SO
* EP&E 235b / PHIL 457b / PLSC 283b, Recent Work on Justice Thomas Pogge
In-depth study of one contemporary book, author, or debate in political philosophy,
political theory, or normative economics. Focus varies from year to year based on
student interest and may include a ground-breaking new book, the life's work of a
prominent author, or an important theme in contemporary political thought. HU
*EP&E 236b / PLSC 466b, Ethics and the Multinational Business Firm Susan
Rose-Ackerman
Ethical challenges facing modern business leaders, with a focus on multinational
corporations conducting business in developing countries. Topics include the normative
basis of the market and firm, labor rights, environmental harms, corruption and fraud,
and obligations of managers to shareholders and to other stakeholders. Priority to
junior and senior majors in Ethics, Politics, and Economics. SO
* EP&E 238a / PLSC 340a, Leadership, Coordination, and Focal Points Andrew Sabl
Analysis of a leadership model in which the leader's role is both the coordination
of mutually beneficial action among multiple parties and the appeal to focal points,
understood as natural or obvious meeting points for communication or action. Basic
concepts of coordination and focal points; the ability of leaders to exert power by
creating new focal points, choosing among existing ones, or serving as focal or rallying
points themselves; constitutionalism as a solution to coordination problems. SO
* EP&E 240a / GLBL 333a / PLSC 428a, Comparative Welfare Policy in Developing
Countries Jeremy Seekings
Examination of public and private welfare systems in the developing world. Analysis of
the evolving relationships between kin or community and states and market. Particular
attention to the politics of contemporary reforms. SO
* EP&E 242a / PLSC 372a, Politics and Markets Peter Swenson
Examination of the interplay between market and political processes in different
substantive realms, time periods, and countries. Inquiry into the developmental
relationship between capitalism and democracy, including the developmental and
316
functional relationships between the two. Investigation of the politics of regulation

in areas such as property rights, social security, international finance, and product,
labor, and service markets. Topics include the economic motives of interest groups and
coalitions in the political process. SO
EP&E: PoliticalSystems Core
* EP&E 243b / GLBL 336b / LAST 423b / PLSC 423b, Political Economy of Poverty
Alleviation Ana De La O
Overview of classic and contemporary approaches to the question of why some
countries have done better than others at reducing poverty. Emphasis on the role of
politics. SO
* EP&E 244a / AFAM 273a / SOCY 314a / WGSS 316a, Inequality in America Vida
Maralani
* EP&E 245a / PLSC 152a, Global Firms and National Governments Joseph
LaPalombara
The type and magnitude of foreign direct investments made by a relatively small
number of large firms, and the political influence such firms exercise. Complex
challenges raised by powerful global firms emerging from once-dependent and lessdeveloped countries such as China, India, and Brazil. Discussion of the present and
probable future relationships between economic and governmental organizations that
result from the processes of globalization. Case studies illustrate specific problems faced
by both corporate leaders and national and subnational public-policy officials. SO
* EP&E 248b / PLSC 256b, American Political Institutions Michael Fotos
The origins and development of American political institutions, especially in relation to
how institutions shape the policy process. Issues of temporality, policy feedback, and
policy substance. SO
* EP&E 249b / PLSC 377b / RLST 288b, Islam and Democracy in the Modern Middle
East Andrew March
The development of regimes of government in Muslim countries since the nineteenth
century. Early constitutional movements, the rise of political Islam, the management of
religion in various twentieth-century states, the Iranian revolution, and the growth of
Salafi ideas, culminating in the ISIS "caliphate." SO
* EP&E 250a / PLSC 354a, The European Union David Cameron
Origins and development of the European Community and Union over the past fifty
years; ways in which the often-conflicting ambitions of its member states have shaped
the EU; relations between member states and the EU's supranational institutions and
politics; and economic, political, and geopolitical challenges. SO
317
* EP&E 257a / PLSC 399a, Politics in Latin America Ana De La O

Overview and analysis of politics in Latin America. The emergence of democracy and
the forces that led to the unprecedented increase in inequality in the twentieth century.
Topics include institutional design, historical legacies, corruption, clientelism, and
violence.
* EP&E 258b / PLSC 446b / SOCY 369b, Welfare States across Nations Sigrun Kahl
How different societies counterbalance capitalism and deal with social risks. Welfare
state regimes and their approaches to inequality, unemployment, poverty, illness,
disability, child rearing, and old age. Why the United States has an exceptionally small
welfare state. SO
* EP&E 259b / PLSC 183b, Europe, the United States, and the Iraq Crisis Jolyon
Howorth
Examination of the contrasting relations between the main European powers and the
United States in their approaches to Iraq in order to understand the divisions attending
the 2003 war and the subsequent transfer of sovereignty. Topics include the Iran-Iraq
War (198088), the first Persian Gulf crisis (199091), the sanctions regime (1991
2002), problems of peacekeeping and nation building, and the Obama exit strategy. SO
* EP&E 267b / SOCY 216b / WGSS 314b, Social Movements Ron Eyerman
An introduction to sociological perspectives on social movements and collective action,
exploring civil rights, student movements, global justice, nationalism, and radical
fundamentalism. SO
EP&E: Social Theory Core
* EP&E 271b / AFST 447b / ER&M 271b / PLSC 447b, The Rwandan Genocide in
* EP&E 276a / PHIL 463a / PLSC 292a, Rethinking Sovereignty, Human Rights, and
Globalization Seyla Benhabib
Discussion of the crises of sovereignty and the end of sovereignty. Postnationalist,
cosmopolitan, and neoliberal criticisms of sovereignty. Traditional models of
sovereignty compared with cosmopolitan alternatives; implications of these models for
the definition and enforcement of rights. Readings include works by Hobbes, Kant,
Rousseau, Austin, Schmitt, Kelsen, Habermas, Waldron, Pogge, Sassen, and Aleinikoff.
SO
* EP&E 280b / PLSC 301b, Ancient Greek Political Development Staff
Varieties of political experience in the ancient Greek world during the archaic, classical,
and hellenistic periods. Attention to different regime types, places, political forms,
institutions, and persons. SO
318
* EP&E 285b / PLSC 122b, Humanitarian Intervention Jolyon Howorth

Analysis of Western intervention in humanitarian crises since the end of the Cold War.
Case studies from Kurdistan, Somalia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, Ivory Coast,
Libya, and Mali. Reasons for nonintervention in Rwanda, Darfur, and Syria. Ethics
of the humanitarian dimension; politics of coalitions of the willing; the material
dimension of interest; the effectiveness of humanitarian intervention in achieving its
stated objectives. SO
* EP&E 286b / ECON 475b, Discrimination in Law, Theory, and Practice Gerald
Jaynes
How law and economic theory define and conceptualize economic discrimination;
whether economic models adequately describe behaviors of discriminators as
documented in court cases and government hearings; the extent to which economic
theory and econometric techniques aid our understanding of actual marketplace
discrimination. Prerequisites: introductory microeconomics and at least one additional
course in Economics, African American Studies, Ethnicity, Race, and Migration, or
Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies.
* EP&E 289a / PLSC 308a, Beyond Representative Government Hlne Landemore
Institutional innovations that aim to reform or replace the political system of
representative government in the twenty-first century. Governments' efforts to reform
their own modes of functioning; grassroots movements for citizens' self-rule; emerging
principles behind these new forms of governance; ways in which these forms differ
from both representative government and direct democracy. Attention to empirical and
normative perspectives. SO
* EP&E 294b / GLBL 338b / PLSC 457b, Social Welfare and Nongovernmental
Organizations Katharine Baldwin
The role of nonstate actors such as religious organizations, community associations,
and international NGOs in the delivery of basic goods and services in developing
countries. Welfare states in Europe and North America and reasons why states
outside these regions have not developed similar institutions; causes of and logic
behind various nonstate actors' involvement in social welfare provision; economic,
institutional, and political effects of having nonstate actors provide social services and
public goods. SO
* EP&E 297b / ECON 471b, Topics in Cooperative Game Theory Pradeep Dubey
The theory and applications of cooperative games. Topics include matching,
bargaining, cost allocation, market games, voting games, and games on networks.
Prerequisite: intermediate microeconomics.
* EP&E 298a / ECON 481a, Empirical Microeconomics Jessica Reyes
Introduction to empirical microeconomics and its methodologies. Academic research in
the field explored using tools from economic theory and econometrics. Topics include
approaches to identification, environmental effects on health, and the economics of
crime, gender, and race. Prerequisites: intermediate microeconomics and econometrics.
SO
319
* EP&E 300b / ECON 452b / GLBL 302b, Contemporary Issues in Energy Policy
Ioannis Kessides
EP&E: Advanced Seminar
* EP&E 310a / PLSC 227a, Refugee Law and Policy Alexandra Dufresne
Controversies and challenges in U.S. and international refugee law and policy, with a
focus on asylum law and practice in the United States. Emphasis on legal reasoning and
analysis through close reading of statutes, regulations, and case law. Final project is a
legal brief on behalf of a client. SO
* EP&E 312a / PLSC 297a, Moral Choices in Politics Boris Kapustin
A study of how and why people make costly moral choices in politics. Figures studied
include Thomas More, Abraham Lincoln, Nelson Mandela, Vclav Havel, and Aung
San Suu Kyi. SO
* EP&E 324a / PLSC 244a, Journalism, Liberalism, Democracy James Sleeper
The news media's role in configuring the democratic public sphere, from the early
synergy of print capitalism and liberalism through the corporate consolidation of mass
media and the recent fragmentation and fluidity of "news." Classical-humanist and
civic-republican responses to these trends. SO
* EP&E 334a / PHIL 455a, Normative Ethics Shelly Kagan
A systematic examination of normative ethics, the part of moral philosophy that
attempts to articulate and defend the basic principles of morality. The course surveys
and explores some of the main normative factors relevant in determining the moral
status of a given act or policy (features that help make a given act right or wrong). Brief
consideration of some of the main views about the foundations of normative ethics (the
ultimate basis or ground for the various moral principles). Prerequisite: a course in
moral philosophy. HU
* EP&E 353b / PLSC 305b, Critique of Political Violence Boris Kapustin
Methods of conceptualizing political violence that are prevalent in contemporary
political philosophical discourse. Use of theoretical-analytical tools to examine the
modes violence assumes and the functions it performs in modern political life as well as
the meanings and possibilities of nonviolence in politics. SO
* EP&E 365a / AFST 360a / ECON 487a / GLBL 313a / PLSC 417a, The Political
320
* EP&E 380a / PLSC 313a, Bioethics, Politics, and Economics Stephen Latham
Ethical, political, and economic aspects of a number of contemporary issues in
biomedical ethics. Topics include abortion, assisted reproduction, end-of-life care,
research on human subjects, and stem cell research. SO
* EP&E 390a / EVST 212a / PLSC 212a, Democracy and Sustainability Michael Fotos
* EP&E 410b / PLSC 304b, Business Ethics Vikram Mansharamani
Current ethical problems facing business leaders. Visible and invisible factors that
make ethical decisions complex and difficult to analyze. Anticipating ethical dilemmas;
framing decisions and gathering information; the difficulties of taking appropriate,
timely action.
* EP&E 411a / PLSC 287a, Democracy and Distribution Ian Shapiro
An examination of relations between democracy and the distribution of income and
wealth. Focus on ways in which different classes and coalitions affect, and are affected
by, democratic distributive politics. Open to juniors and seniors. SO
* EP&E 426b / ARCH 347b / PLSC 250b, Infrastructure: Politics and Design Elihu
Rubin
* EP&E 466a / PLSC 202a, Children's Law and Policy Alexandra Dufresne
Major themes and controversies in children's law and policy in the United States.
Topics include juvenile justice, child abuse and neglect, special education, and the
rights of immigrant and refugee children. Development of skills in legal reasoning,
analysis, and policy design. Priority to junior and senior majors in Ethics, Politics, and
Economics and in Political Science. SO
* EP&E 470a / ECON 469a / GLBL 325a, Health Inequality and Development Staff
* EP&E 471a or b, Directed Reading and Research Andrew March
For individual reading and research unrelated to the senior essay. Students must
obtain the signature of the faculty member supervising their independent work on an
Independent Study Form (available from the Ethics, Politics, and Economics registrar's
office). This form must be submitted to the director of undergraduate studies at the
time the student's class schedule is submitted.
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* EP&E 472a / PLSC 349a, Ethnic Conflict Nicholas Sambanis

Study of ethnic conflict, focusing on violent forms such as civil wars. Dominant
explanations of ethnic conflict; historical case material, policy reports, and news articles
from Bosnia, Rwanda, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria; analysis of data on ethnic conflict
that spans more than fifty years; research from the fields of political science, economics,
sociology, and anthropology. Recommended preparation: introductory courses in
political science and economics. SO
* EP&E 477a / SOCY 321a, Sociology of Markets Frederick Wherry
The role of culture and politics in shaping markets. Links between social networks
and employment discrimination, religion and wealth, social relationships and financial
troubles, and culture and industry. The moral dimensions of selling organs and
intimacy. WR, SO
* EP&E 481a / PLSC 442a / SAST 341a, Development in South Asia Tariq Thachil
Introduction to issues surrounding political and economic development in South Asia.
Successes and failures of modernization, including the influence of intellectual trends
and their derivative policy prescriptions. Foundational perspectives on development
and the policies they yielded; empirical treatments of the experiences of South Asian
countries in the postcolonial era. SO
* EP&E 482b / ECON 484b, Political Economy: Separatism and Annexation Eric
Weese
Formal political-economy models of jurisdiction formation, with a focus on changes
in national and subnational boundaries. Application of models to issues such as
problematic colonial boundaries in Africa, the apparent success of very small countries,
and the role of democracy in recent municipal amalgamations in Canada and Japan.
Prerequisites: econometrics and intermediate micro- and macroeconomics.
* EP&E 484a / AFST 347a / GLBL 243a / LAST 348a / PLSC 347a, Post-Conflict
* EP&E 491a or b, The Senior Essay Andrew March
A one-term senior essay. The essay should fall within the student's area of
concentration. If no appropriate seminar is offered in which the essay might be written,
the student, in consultation with the director of undergraduate studies, should choose
an appropriate member of the faculty to supervise the senior essay. Students must
obtain the signature of the faculty member supervising their independent work on an
Independent Study Form (available from the Ethics, Politics, and Economics registrar's
office). This form must be submitted to the director of undergraduate studies at the
time the student's class schedule is submitted.
* EP&E 492a and EP&E 493b, The Yearlong Senior Essay Andrew March
A two-term senior essay. The essay should fall within the student's area of
concentration. The student, in consultation with the director of undergraduate
studies, should choose an appropriate member of the faculty to supervise the senior
essay. Students must obtain the signature of the faculty member supervising their
independent work on an Independent Study Form (available from the Ethics, Politics,
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and Economics registrar's office). This form must be submitted to the director of
undergraduate studies at the time the student's class schedule is submitted.
Other Courses Related to Ethics, Politics, and Economics

PHIL 175b, Introduction to Ethics Shelly Kagan
What makes one act right and another wrong? What am I morally required to do for
others? What is the basis of morality? These are some of the questions raised in moral
philosophy. Examination of two of the most important answers, the theories of Mill
and Kant, with brief consideration of the views of Hume and Hobbes. Discussion of the
question: Why be moral? HU
EP&E: Intro Ethics
PLSC 114a, Introduction to Political Philosophy Bryan Garsten
Fundamental issues in contemporary politics investigated through reflection on
classic texts in the history of political thought. Emphasis on topics linked to modern
constitutional democracies, including executive power, representation, and political
parties. Readings from Plato, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Madison and
Hamilton, Lincoln, and Tocqueville, in addition to recent articles on contemporary
issues. SO
EP&E: Intro Political Phil
PLSC 118b, The Moral Foundations of Politics Ian Shapiro
An introduction to contemporary discussions about the foundations of political
argument. Emphasis on the relations between political theory and policy debate (e.g.,
social welfare provision and affirmative action). Readings from Bentham, Mill, Marx,
Burke, Rawls, Nozick, and others. SO

Director of undergraduate studies: to be announced, Rm. 204, 35 Broadway, 432-5116,
erm@yale.edu; erm.yale.edu
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF ETHNICITY, RACE,

AND MIGRATION
Professors Ned Blackhawk (History, American Studies), Hazel Carby (African American
Studies, American Studies), Michael Denning (American Studies, English), Inderpal
Grewal (American Studies, Women's, Gender, & Sexuality Studies), Jonathan Holloway
(History, African American Studies), Matthew Jacobson (American Studies, African
American Studies, History), Gilbert Joseph (History), Mary Lui (American Studies,
History), Stephen Pitti (History, American Studies), Alicia Schmidt Camacho (American
Studies), Jing Tsu (East Asian Languages & Literatures)
Associate Professors Jafari Allen (Anthropology, African American Studies), Zareena
Grewal (American Studies), Daniel Magaziner (History)
Assistant Professors Rene Almeling (Sociology), Laura Barraclough (American
Studies), Albert Laguna (American Studies, Ethnicity, Race, & Migration), Vida Maralani
(Sociology), Dixa Ramirez (American Studies, Ethnicity, Race, & Migration), Birgit
Brander Rasmussen (American Studies)
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Lecturers Jasmina Besirevic-Regan (Sociology), David Simon (Political Science)

The program in Ethnicity, Race, and Migration enables students to engage in an
interdisciplinary, comparative study of forces that have created a multicultural,
multiethnic, and multiracial world. The major emphasizes familiarity with the
intellectual traditions and debates surrounding the concepts of indigeneity, ethnicity,
nationality, and race; grounding in both the history of migration and its contemporary
manifestations; and knowledge of and direct engagement with the cultures, structures,
and peoples formed by these migrations.
Prospective majors should consult the director of undergraduate studies early in
their academic careers to discuss an individual plan of study. Enrollment in the major
requires permission of the director of undergraduate studies prior to the beginning of
the fall term of the junior year.
Requirements of the major Students must complete twelve term courses in Ethnicity,
Race, and Migration, including the senior requirement. These twelve normally include
ER&M 200, an introductory course on the issues and disciplines involved in the study
of ethnicity, race, and migration. In 20152016 ER&M 200 will not be offered, and
students should consult the director of undergraduate studies about options for a
substitute course. In the junior year, all majors are required to take ER&M 300, a
seminar that introduces majors to scholarship in ethnic studies, postcolonial studies,
and cultural studies.
Distributional requirements In order to acquire a comparative sense of ethnicity, race,
and migration, students are expected to take at least two courses in each of two distinct
geographic areas. To gain familiarity with global movements of people within and
across national borders, majors must take at least one course that examines historical or
contemporary migrations. Students must also demonstrate evidence of interdisciplinary
work related to ethnicity, race, and migration in at least two departments or academic
fields.
Area of concentration In consultation with the director of undergraduate studies, each
student defines an area of concentration consisting of five term courses, not including
the senior essay or project. Advanced work in the foreign language related to a student's
area of concentration is advised. Courses applied toward the area of concentration may
also be used to fulfill the major's distributional requirements.
As a multidisciplinary program, Ethnicity, Race, and Migration draws on the resources
of other departments and programs in the University. Students are encouraged to
examine the offerings of other departments in both the humanities and the social
sciences, interdisciplinary programs of study housed in the MacMillan Center and
elsewhere, and residential college seminars for additional relevant courses. The stated
area of concentration of each student determines the relevance and acceptability of
other courses. Students are also encouraged to engage in community-based learning
opportunities.
Senior requirement The senior requirement has two components. In the fall term,
all majors take the senior colloquium (ER&M 491) on theoretical and methodological
issues. Students may choose to complete the requirement by writing a senior essay in
the senior project seminar (ER&M 492) during the spring term. Alternatively, students
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may take an upper-level ER&M seminar and write a senior essay of thirty to thirty-five
pages in addition to completing all course requirements. This seminar may be taken
during either the fall or spring term. Majors planning to undertake an independent
senior project must submit a proposal signed and approved by a faculty adviser to the
director of undergraduate studies during the fall term.
Term abroad Because of the major's emphasis on international and transnational work,
students are encouraged to undertake a term abroad. They should consult with the
director of undergraduate studies to identify courses from study abroad programs that
may count toward the major.

Prerequisites None
Specific courses required ER&M 200, 300
Distribution of courses 5 courses in area of concentration; at least 2 courses in each of 2
geographic areas; at least 1 course on historical or contemporary migrations; at least
2 interdisciplinary courses from different departments or fields
Senior requirement Senior colloq (ER&M 491); senior essay or project in upper-level
sem or in ER&M 492
Required Courses
[ ER&M 200, Introduction to Ethnicity, Race, and Migration ]
* ER&M 300b, Comparative Ethnic Studies Birgit Rasmussen
Introduction to the methods and practice of comparative ethnic studies. Examination
of racial formation in the United States within a transnational framework. Legacies
of colonialism, slavery, and racial exclusion; racial formation in schools, prisons, and
citizenship law; cultural politics of music and performance; social movements; and
postcolonial critique. SO

Rugemer
AFAM 162a / AMST 162a / HIST 187a, African American History from Emancipation
movement. WR, HU
325
* AFAM 346a / HSAR 471a, Black Atlantic Photography Kobena Mercer

* AFAM 377a / AMST 359a / FILM 424a, Urban Narratives of Injustice in The Wire
Hazel Carby
HU
* AFAM 410b / AMST 310b / WGSS 410b, Interdisciplinary Approaches to African
AMST 161a / AFAM 110a, Freedom and Identity in Black Cultures Jafari Allen
* AMST 296a / AFAM 296a / ENGL 296a / WGSS 292a, Contemporary African
* AMST 307b, Sports, Civil Rights, and American Leadership Joseph Spooner
Relations among sports, civil rights movements, and the evolution of American
leadership values in the twentieth century. The American sports hero and the struggle
for equality of race, gender, and sexual orientation; the cultural effects of major sports
phenomena on ideas of leadership and social change. Attention to intellectual and
cultural history, literature, and film. Case studies based on key sporting figures and
events.
* AMST 410b / WGSS 409b, Asian American Women and Gender, 1830 to the Present
Mary Lui
326
* ANTH 302a / AMST 402a / FILM 324a / WGSS 380a, Gender and Sexuality in
* ANTH 366b / AMST 435b, Anthropology of Inequality in America Kathryn Dudley
practitioners. SO
ER&M 187a / AMST 133a / HIST 107a, Introduction to American Indian History
Ned Blackhawk
327
ER&M 210b / AFAM 140b / AMST 211b / ENGL 293b / WGSS 211b, Race and Gender
difference. WR, HU
ER&M 217b / AMST 284b, Introduction to Latino/a Studies Albert Laguna
Themes and issues that have shaped the experiences of Latino/a populations in the
United States explored within an interdisciplinary and hemispheric framework.
Relations between the United States and Latin America; the history of ethnic labels;
the formation of transnational communities and identities; the politics of language and
bilingualism; race, class, and ethnicity; and gender and sexuality. HU
ER&M 219a / HIST 219a / JDST 200a / MMES 149a / RLST 148a, Jewish History and
Thought to Early Modern Times Ivan Marcus
A broad introduction to the history of the Jews from biblical beginnings until the
European Reformation and the Ottoman Empire. Focus on the formative period of
classical rabbinic Judaism and on the symbiotic relationships among Jews, Christians,
and Muslims. Jewish society and culture in its biblical, rabbinic, and medieval settings.
Counts toward either European or non-Western distributional credit within the History
major, upon application to the director of undergraduate studies. HU RP
ER&M 236a / ENGL 344a, Global Fictions Justin Neuman
Survey of literary fiction from the late nineteenth century to the present in which
globalization serves as a major theme and primary frame of reference. Vectors of
globalization include energy, transportation, capital, drugs, war, media, tourism, and
sexuality. HU
* ER&M 270b / HIST 358Jb / LAST 356b, History of Mexico since Independence
Gilbert Joseph
Modern Mexico from the wars of independence in the early nineteenth century to
the present. Social, cultural, and economic trends and their relationship to political
movements; particular emphasis on the Revolution of 1910 and the long shadow it has
cast, and on patterns of relations with the United States. WR, HU
* ER&M 271b / AFST 447b / EP&E 271b / PLSC 447b, The Rwandan Genocide in
ER&M 282a / AMST 272a / HIST 183a / WGSS 272a, Asian American History, 1800 to
328
* ER&M 312b / PLSC 312b, Migration, Noncitizenship, and Justice Staff

This course introduces students to some of the main texts and key themes relating
to migration and noncitizenship justice. Migration, as the movement of persons is
an important aspect of human experience and it has been a creator and challenger
of politics and political systems. Noncitizenship, as the state of not being a political
member of a country, particularly the country in which one finds oneself, is an
important corollary of the existence of citizenship and is often related closely to
migration. SO
ER&M 313b / AFST 180b, Nigeria and Its Diaspora Oluseye Adesola
Nigerians in the modern diaspora, both those who endured forced migration and
those who migrated voluntarily. Specific reference to the Igbos and the Yorbs. The
preservation and maintenance of Nigerian culture, history, dance, literature, traditional
education, theater, politics, art, music, film, religion, and folklore, especially in African
American and Nigerian American contexts. SO
* ER&M 327b / MMES 311b / WGSS 327b, Constructing the Self: From
Autobiography to Facebook Geetanjali Chanda
Autobiography in its evolving form as literary genre, historical archive, and individual
and community narrative in a changing geographical context. Women's life stories
from Afghanistan, China, Cambodia, Indonesia, India, Iran, Egypt, Jordan, and
Vietnam illustrate the dialectic relationship between the global and the local. What the
reading and writing of autobiographies reveal about oneself and one's place in society;
autobiography as a horizontal community formation. WR, HU
* ER&M 328b / SAST 458b / WGSS 328b, Popular Culture and Postcolonial India
Geetanjali Chanda
A study of films and literature of South Asians living, working, and directing in
Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Questions of commercial
populism, authenticity, and postcolonial identity. WR
* ER&M 332b / ENGL 334b, Postcolonial World Literatures, 1945 to the Present Staff
Introduction to key debates about postwar world literatures in English, to the politics of
English as a language of postcolonial literature, and to debates about globalization and
culture. Themes include colonial history, postcolonial migration, translation, national
identity, cosmopolitanism, and global literary prizes. WR, HU
* ER&M 342a / HIST 372Ja / LAST 372a, Revolutionary Change and Cold War in
Latin America Gilbert Joseph
Analysis of revolutionary movements in Latin America against the backdrop of the
Cold War. Critical examination of popular images and orthodox interpretations. An
interdisciplinary study of the process of revolutionary change and cold war at the
grassroots level. WR, HU
* ER&M 354b / ENGL 352b, Asian American Literature Staff
A study of how literature services, reflects, and contradicts the political formation
"Asian American." The role of literature in the Asian American movement of the 1960s
and 1970s; representations of literariness in contemporary Asian American novels,
poems, and plays. WR, HU
329
* ER&M 360b / HLTH 370b / HSHM 432b / SOCY 390b / WGSS 390b, Politics of
Reproduction Rene Almeling
Reproduction as a process that is simultaneously biological and social, involving
male and female bodies, family formation, and powerful social institutions such as
medicine, law, and the marketplace. Sociological research on reproductive topics such
as pregnancy, birth, abortion, contraception, infertility, reproductive technology, and
aging. Core sociological concepts used to examine how the politics of reproduction are
shaped by the intersecting inequalities of gender, race, class, and sexuality. WR, SO
* ER&M 370b / AMST 441b / HIST 130Jb, Indians and the Spanish Borderlands
Ned Blackhawk
* ER&M 419a / SOCY 319a, Ethnography of the African American Community Elijah
Anderson
An ethnographic study of the African American community. Analysis of ethnographic
and historical literature, with attention to substantive, conceptual, and methodological
issues. Topics include the significance of slavery, the racial ghetto, structural poverty,
the middle class, the color line, racial etiquette, and social identity. SO
* ER&M 435a / AMST 422a / HIST 151Ja, Writing Tribal Histories Ned Blackhawk
* ER&M 437a / ENGL 479a / THST 437a, Playwriting Workshop: Adaptation, Sacred
for the stage. HU
* HIST 018a / AMST 019a, Commodities as U.S. History Matthew Jacobson
HIST 119b / AFAM 172b, The Civil War and Reconstruction Era, 18451877 David
Blight
HIST 127a / AMST 135a / WGSS 200a, U.S. Lesbian and Gay History George
Chauncey
330

HIST 264b, Eastern Europe since 1914 Timothy Snyder
Eastern Europe from the collapse of the old imperial order to the enlargement of
the European Union. Main themes include world war, nationalism, fascism, and
communism. Special attention to the structural weaknesses of interwar nation-states
and postwar communist regimes. Nazi and Soviet occupation as an age of extremes.
The collapse of communism. Communism after 1989 and the dissolution of Yugoslavia
in the 1990s as parallel European trajectories. HU
HIST 323b, Southeast Asia since 1900 Benedict Kiernan
Comparative colonialism, nationalism, revolution, and independence in modern
Southeast Asia. Topics include Indonesia and the Dutch, Indochina under French rule,
the United States in the Philippines and Vietnam, Buddhism in Burma and Thailand,
communist and peasant movements, and the Cambodian revolution and its regional
repercussions. HU
HIST 332a / AFST 333a, African Encounters with Colonialism Daniel Magaziner
HIST 335b / AFST 335b, A History of South Africa Daniel Magaziner
HU
* HIST 385Ja, Reformers and Revolutionaries in the Arab World Rosie Bsheer
Major social and intellectual trends of the Arab world and their relation to major events
and movements of the twentieth century. The influence of colonial, postcolonial, and
neocolonial thought; issues faced by activists, lawyers, feminists, leftists, nationalists,
Islamists, secularists, liberals, and unionists; ways in which such struggles shaped
people's social lives and futures; the causes and implications of current uprisings. WR,
HU
* HIST 388Ja / AFST 486a, Slavery and the Slave Trade in Africa Robert Harms
History: Preindustrial
331
LITR 143b / FILM 240b, World Cinema Dudley Andrew

Development of ways to engage films from around the globe productively. Close
analysis of a dozen complex films, with historical contextualization of their production
and cultural functions. Attention to the development of critical skills. Includes weekly
screenings, each followed immediately by discussion. HU
* MUSI 353a / AFST 353a, Topics in World Music Michael Veal
* PLSC 225a, Policing in America Dean Esserman
Examination of major innovations in policing over the past three decades. The effects of
these changes on crime control and public safety; the extent to which new approaches
have been implemented in police departments; dilemmas these approaches have
created for police management. Analysis of critical issues that persist in the profession,
including race, the use of force, and police deviance. SO
* PLSC 227a / EP&E 310a, Refugee Law and Policy Alexandra Dufresne
* PLSC 245a / AFAM 268a, Urban Politics and Policy Cynthia Horan
revitalization. SO
* PLSC 280b / AFAM 270b, Poverty, Politics, and Policy in the American City
Cynthia Horan
* PLSC 436a / GLBL 361a, Violence: State and Society Matthew Kocher
Examination of large-scale violence, generally within sovereign states. Why violence
happens, why it takes place in some locations and not others, why it takes specific
forms (insurgency, terrorism, civilian victimization), what explains its magnitude (the
number of victims), and what explains targeting (the type or identity of victims). SO
* SOCY 232b / AFST 348b / MMES 291b, Islamic Social Movements Jonathan
Wyrtzen
Jama'at. SO
332
* SOCY 314a / AFAM 273a / EP&E 244a / WGSS 316a, Inequality in America Vida
Maralani
* SOCY 319a / ER&M 419a, Ethnography of the African American Community Elijah
Anderson
* SOCY 339b / AFST 373b / GLBL 362b / MMES 282b, Imperialism, Insurgency, and
* THST 335a / AFST 435a, West African Dance: Traditional to Contemporary Lacina
Coulibaly
* WGSS 308a / ANTH 308a, Queer Ethnographies Karen Nakamura
* WGSS 380a / AMST 402a / ANTH 302a / FILM 324a, Gender and Sexuality in
WGSS 405a / EALL 211a, Women and Literature in Traditional China Kang-i Sun
Chang
333
Individual Research and Senior Essay Courses

* ER&M 471a and ER&M 472b, Individual Reading and Research for Juniors and
Seniors Staff
For students who wish to cover material not otherwise offered by the program. The
course may be used for research or for directed reading. In either case a term paper or
its equivalent is required. Students meet regularly with a faculty adviser. To apply for
admission, students submit a prospectus signed by the faculty adviser to the director of
* ER&M 491a, The Senior Colloquium: Theoretical and Methodological Issues Staff
A research seminar intended to move students toward the successful completion of their
senior projects, combining discussions of methodological and theoretical issues with
discussions of students' fields of research.
* ER&M 492b, The Senior Essay or Project Staff
Independent research on a one-term senior essay or project.

Director of undergraduate studies: J. D. Connor, 559 LORIA, 432-8225,
jd.connor@yale.edu; filmstudies.yale.edu
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF FILM AND MEDIA

STUDIES
Professors *Dudley Andrew (Comparative Literature, Film & Media Studies),
Hazel Carby (African American Studies, American Studies), *Francesco Casetti
(Humanities, Film & Media Studies), *Katerina Clark (Comparative Literature, Slavic
Languages & Literatures), Michael Denning (American Studies, English), *John Mack
Faragher (History), *Aaron Gerow (East Asian Languages & Literatures, Film & Media
Studies), Inderpal Grewal (Women's, Gender, & Sexuality Studies), Benjamin Harshav
(Comparative Literature), Stathis Kalyvas (Political Science), *Thomas Kavanagh
(French), *John MacKay (Chair) (Film & Media Studies, Slavic Languages & Literatures),
*Millicent Marcus (Italian), Donald Margulies (Adjunct) (English, Theater Studies),
Giuseppe Mazzotta (Italian), Kobena Mercer (History of Art, African American Studies),
Christopher L. Miller (African American Studies, French), *Charles Musser (American
Studies, Film & Media Studies), *Brigitte Peucker (German, Film & Media Studies),
Joseph Roach (English, Theater Studies), *Michael Roemer (Adjunct) (Art, American
Studies), Alan Trachtenberg (Emeritus), *Katie Trumpener (Comparative Literature,
English), *Laura Wexler (American Studies, Women's, Gender, & Sexuality Studies)
Associate Professors Moira Fradinger (Comparative Literature), Zareena Grewal
(Ethnicity, Race, & Migration), Karen Nakamura (Anthropology), Brian Walsh (English),
R. John Williams (English)
Assistant Professor *J. D. Connor (History of Art, Film & Media Studies)
Senior Lecturers *John Crowley (English), *Ron Gregg (American Studies, Film &
Media Studies)
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Lecturers *Jonathan Andrews (Art, Film & Media Studies), James Charney (School of
Medicine), *Michael Kerbel (American Studies, Film & Media Studies), *Marc Lapadula
(Film & Media Studies)
Critic *Sandra Luckow (Art)
Senior Lector II Seungja Choi (East Asian Languages & Literatures)
Senior Lectors Krystyna Illakowicz (Slavic Languages & Literatures), Karen von Kunes
(Slavic Languages & Literatures)
*Member of the Film and Media Studies Committee.
The major in Film and Media Studies focuses on the history, theory, criticism, and
production of cinema and other moving-image media. Courses examine cinema and
the broader landscape of audiovisual media as significant modern art forms, and
the contributions of moving-image media as cultural and communicative practices
of enduring social significance. As an interdisciplinary program centered in the
humanities, Film and Media Studies offers students latitude in defining their course
of study within the framework established by the Film and Media Studies Committee.
With this freedom comes the responsibility of carefully planning a coherent and wellfocused program. Because of the special demands of Film and Media Studies and the
diversity of its offerings, potential majors are encouraged to consult the director of
undergraduate studies early in their academic careers.
The Film and Media Studies major consists of fourteen term courses, including the
prerequisite. A maximum of one course taken Credit/D/Fail may count toward the
major with permission of the director of undergraduate studies.
Prerequisite Students normally take FILM 150 in their freshman or sophomore year.
This course is useful preparation, and in some cases a prerequisite, for many other
courses in the major.
Required courses Students are required to take FILM 320, preferably during their
sophomore year. They must also take a course in film theory, preferably by the end of
their junior year, selected from FILM 312, 314, 333, or 345. In addition, students must
devote two term courses, preferably upper-level courses, to the study of representative
films from at least two different nations or cultures (German expressionist cinema,
Italian cinema, American comedy).
Students must take one term course on the creative process in film. Appropriate
courses are listed under "Production Seminars," but other courses in art, theater
studies, or creative writing may be substituted with the permission of the director of
Area of concentration With the help of the director of undergraduate studies in
Film and Media Studies, each student defines an area of concentration comprising six
courses leading up to and including the senior requirement. The six courses should
form a coherent program in which the study of film and media is integrated with
a particular discipline (history of art, literature, philosophy, the social sciences) or
area of investigation (theory, production, race and gender, photography, national or
regional cultures, new media). The focus of the concentration might be production
(screenwriting, documentary filmmaking), history and theory of cinema (German
335
expressionism, cinema, and politics), or media old and new (digital animation,
television series).
Students choosing a production-related concentration often start by completing
FILM 161, 162 by the end of their sophomore year, and continue with FILM 355, 356
by the end of their junior year, to prepare for FILM 455, 456, or 483, 484 in their senior
year. Production students pursuing screenwriting often begin with FILM 350. They
must take at least seven non-production courses in the major. FILM 150, 312, 320,
333, 345, and the two required courses on national cinemas may be counted among
the seven. Students with a concentration in filmmaking should also take courses in
screenwriting, and vice versa.
Senior requirement During the senior year, each student takes one or two senior-level
seminars or the equivalent and submits a senior essay or senior project, which should
represent a culmination of work in the major and in Yale College. For the student
writing a senior essay, several options are possible. First, the student may enroll in two
terms of relevant senior-level seminars (usually courses numbered in the 400s) and
write a substantial term paper of twenty-five pages, double-spaced, for one of these
courses. Second, the student may do independent research on a yearlong senior essay
(FILM 491, 492). This option is intended for students with clearly defined topics that
do not relate closely to a senior-level seminar. During the first two weeks of the first
term of senior year, a petition for permission to do independent research should be
submitted to the director of undergraduate studies in the form of a brief prospectus,
approved by the proposed faculty adviser to the essay. Such research receives two terms
of credit; the product of a two-term research essay is a work of at least fifty pages.
Third, the senior requirement may be completed by combining one single-term seniorlevel seminar with one term of an independent research project (FILM 491 or 492),
resulting in a paper of thirty-five pages. Whichever option is chosen, the essay should
be written on a topic informed by the student's area of concentration. In researching
and writing the essay, the student should consult regularly with the seminar instructor,
supplying preliminary drafts as appropriate, and may consult with other faculty
members as well.
Students who wish to complete a senior project as an alternative to an essay petition
the Film and Media Studies Committee for approval of their project at the end of the
junior year. Projects might include writing a screenplay or producing a video. Students
electing such an alternative should note that the project must be undertaken and
accomplished over two terms. A limited number of students making films or videos
are admitted to either the Advanced Fiction Film Workshop (FILM 483, 484) or the
Documentary Film Workshop (FILM 455, 456), and receive three credits for their
projects (two credits for FILM 483, 484 or 455, 456, and one for FILM 493 or 494). Such
a choice effectively commits students to one extra course in addition to the fourteen
courses required for the major, because FILM 493 or 494 does not count toward the
fourteen required courses when taken in conjunction with FILM 483, 484 or 455, 456.
Students may undertake a production project outside the workshops if (1) the Film
and Media Studies Committee approves their petition, (2) they have found a primary
adviser qualified and willing to provide the necessary supervision, and (3) they have
identified the equipment necessary to execute the project. Such students may count
FILM 493 and 494 toward the fourteen courses required for the major.
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Majors graduating in December must submit their senior essays or senior projects to
the director of undergraduate studies by December 11; those graduating in May, by
April 29. A second reader assigned by the director of undergraduate studies participates
in evaluating the essays and/or projects.
Admission to senior-level seminars is at the instructor's discretion, but the Film and
Media Studies program will ensure that every senior major gains admission to the
required number of seminars.
The intensive major Students of substantial accomplishment and commitment to
film and media studies are encouraged to pursue the intensive major. Students in the
intensive major complete a senior project in production and also write a senior essay.
The intensive major in Film and Media Studies is intended for students who are not
pursuing two majors. Students must request approval from the Film and Media Studies
Committee at the end of their junior year by submitting a proposal that outlines their
objectives and general area of study.
All majors Study of relevant foreign languages is urged for all Film and Media Studies
majors. Students considering graduate work should become proficient in French or
another modern language. Those choosing to study film in relation to a foreign culture
must have good listening and reading abilities in that language.
Film and Media Studies draws on the resources of many other departments and
programs in the University. Students are encouraged to examine the offerings of other
departments in both the humanities and the social sciences, as well as residential college
seminars, for additional relevant courses. The stated area of concentration for each
student normally determines the relevance and acceptability of other courses.

Prerequisite FILM 150
Number of courses 14 term courses, incl prereq and senior req
Specific courses required FILM 320; FILM 312, 314, 333, or 345
Distribution of courses 6 courses in area of concentration; 2 courses in different
national cinemas; 1 production course; if concentration is production-related, at
least 7 non-production courses
Senior requirement 2 terms of senior-level sems, or 2 terms of senior essay (FILM 491,
492), or 1 term of each; or 2 terms of senior project in FILM 455, 456, or 483, 484,
and either FILM 493 or 494, for a total of 15 term courses; or 2 terms of senior
project in FILM 493, 494 with approved petition
Intensive major Both senior essay and senior project
Required Courses
FILM 150a, Introduction to Film Studies John MacKay
A survey of film studies concentrating on theory, analysis, and criticism. Students learn
the critical and technical vocabulary of the subject and study important films in weekly
screenings. Prerequisite for the major. WR, HU
337
FILM 312a / LITR 354a, Theory of Media Francesco Casetti

Introduction to key issues in media studies. Relationships between commodity,
artwork, and networks of exchange; media and public sphere; the analysis of radio and
television; alternative or counter-hegemonic conceptions of media; and the viability of
the concept "media" itself. HU
* FILM 320b / HSAR 490b, Close Analysis of Film J. D. Connor
Ways in which traditional genres and alternative film forms establish or subvert
convention and expectation and express thematic and ideological concerns. The
balancing of narrative containment and excess, as well as action and image. Use of body
and voice, space and music. Examples include films by Antonioni, Zhang, Ozu, and
Hitchcock. Prerequisite: FILM 150. HU
National Cinemas
FILM 240b / LITR 143b, World Cinema Dudley Andrew
* FILM 307b / EALL 280b, East Asian Martial Arts Film Aaron Gerow
* FILM 325a / AMST 225a, American Film Comedy Michael Roemer
A study of the great American film comedians and an investigation into the psychology
of laughter. Comedians from Chaplin and Keaton to the Marx brothers and Fields
examined against a background of European comedy. Comic form and technique and
their relevance to the American scene. Not a history of American film comedy. Priority
to juniors and seniors majoring in American Studies or in Film & Media Studies. HU
RP
* FILM 374a / MUSI 356a / SAST 357a, Bollywood's Music, Image, and Culture Staff
Hindi/Urdu cinemaBollywoodexamined through its music. Focus on musical
styles, production techniques, performers, and visual tropes since the mid-twentieth
century. Ways that music, images, and narratives express and contest social identities;
Hindi film musics relationship with political and religious change in the context of
colonial and postcolonial South Asia; and how economic, technological, and aesthetic
considerations have influenced the creation of Hindi film songs. HU
* FILM 384a / EALL 284a / EAST 463a, North Korea through Film Staff
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* FILM 416a / FREN 394a / LITR 366a, French Cinema through the New Wave
Dudley Andrew
The history of French cinema c. 1930 to 1970, from the onset of sound through the New
Wave movement. The New Wave "idea of cinema"; the relation of cinema to national
self-perception and state policy in France. HU RP
* FILM 419b / LITR 382b, German New Waves in Cold War Europe Katie Trumpener
Comparative study of New Wave cinema in East and West Germany, with a focus
on aesthetic ferment, institutional barriers, and transformation. Berlin as the best
place to follow Europe's emerging cinematic New Waves before 1961. Distinctive
approaches developed by young filmmakers in East and West Germany to political and
documentary filmmaking, to the Nazi past and the Cold War, and to class, gender, and
social transformation. Knowledge of German helpful but not necessary. WR, HU
* FILM 448a / EALL 271a, Japanese Cinema after 1960 Aaron Gerow
required. HU Tr
* FILM 457b / ITAL 303b / LITR 359b, Italian Film from Postwar to Postmodern
Millicent Marcus
A study of important Italian films from World War II to the present. Consideration of
works that typify major directors and trends. Topics include neorealism, self-reflexivity
and metacinema, fascism and war, and postmodernism. Films by Fellini, Antonioni,
Rossellini, De Sica, Visconti, Pasolini, Bertolucci, Wertmuller, Tornatore, and Moretti.
Most films in Italian with English subtitles. WR, HU
* FILM 474b / FREN 396b, World War II in French Cinema Alice Kaplan
A study of French films dealing with everyday life in France during the Nazi occupation
(194044). Close analysis of scenes and cinematic techniques, historical readings, and
film criticism. L5, HU
Film Theory, Visual Media, and Special Topics

* FILM 045a / THST 099a, Dance on Film Emily Coates
An examination of dance on film from c. 1920 to the present, including early Hollywood
pictures, the rise of Bollywood, avant-garde films of the postwar period, translations
of stage choreography to screen, music videos, and dance film festivals. The impact
of industry, circulation and audience, aesthetic lineages, and craft in the union of the
two mediums. Students develop an original short film for a final class project. No
prior dance or filmmaking experience necessary. Enrollment limited to freshmen.
Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. WR, HU
* FILM 242a / ENGL 308a / HUMS 454a / LITR 398a, Interpreting Film Masterpieces
FILM 285a / HSAR 328a, Disney J. D. Connor
History of the Walt Disney Company from origins to today. Early animation, popular
modernism, mid-century television, development of the theme parks and nature films,
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the Disney princess, the animation renaissance, and the current portfolio of brands,
such as Pixar, Marvel, and LucasFilm. WR, HU
FILM 318a / PLSC 352a, Politics and Film Stathis Kalyvas
Film as a lens for making sense of the varied landscape of political violence, including
insurgency, terrorism, state repression, and genocide. Ways in which fiction film is
an ideal language for conveying complex insights; how social science can build on
these insights to produce a deeper understanding of political violence. Recommended
preparation: PLSC 116. HU, SO
FILM 321b / AMST 351b, Hollywood in the Twenty-First Century Ronald Gregg
Examination of how globalization and the global success of American films have
affected Hollywood film production, stardom, distribution, and exhibition, as well as
the aesthetics of film image, sound, and narration. Topics also include the effects of new
digital technologies on film aesthetics, spectacle, spectatorship, and exhibition, and the
responses of independent and other national cinemas to Hollywood's hegemony. HU
* FILM 324a / AMST 402a / ANTH 302a / WGSS 380a, Gender and Sexuality in
* FILM 358b / GMAN 369b / LITR 427b, Text and Image: The Double of
Interpretation Rdiger Campe and Florian Fuchs
The textuality of vision and the visuality of text in the interpretation of artifacts in
Western culture. The pairing of text and vision traced in literary and theoretical
readings and in examples from visual art and film. Conditions, variations, and
consequences of this unique media configuration and the politics of its interpretation.
Case studies range from Plato to Hobbes, Kleist to Flaubert, and baroque emblems to
computer diagrams. HU
* FILM 364a / CZEC 246a / RSEE 240a, Milos Forman and His Films Karen von
Kunes
An in-depth examination of selected films by Milos Forman and representatives of the
New Wave, cinma vrit in Czech filmmaking. Special attention to Forman's artistic
and aesthetic development as a Hollywood director in such films as Hair, One Flew over
the Cuckoo's Nest, Ragtime, and Amadeus. Screenings and discussion in English. HU
* FILM 377a / WGSS 454a, Postwar Queer Avant-Garde Film Ronald Gregg
Production, exhibition, and aesthetic practices in postwar queer underground cinema in
the United States as it developed from the 1930s to the early 1970s. The films of gay or
bisexual filmmakers such as Willard Maas, Andy Warhol, Jack Smith, Kenneth Anger,
and Jos Rodriguez-Soltero; the work of antiheteronormative female filmmakers such
as Barbara Rubin and Marie Menken; the links between avant-garde cinema, theater,
and other arts, as well as the political context. HU
340
* FILM 424a / AFAM 377a / AMST 359a, Urban Narratives of Injustice in The Wire
Hazel Carby
HU
* FILM 469a / AMST 306a, The Films of Martin Scorsese Michael Kerbel
Close analysis of Scorseses films, with attention to his themes and styles and to ways in
which his works have assimilated literary and cinematic influences, reflected their eras,
and influenced other directors. Scorseses work examined in the context of film history,
and of U.S. culture and history, from the 1960s to the present. HU RP
* FILM 475b / ENGL 411b, Shakespeare on Film Brian Walsh
A survey of the lively tradition of putting Shakespeare's plays on film, from the
beginnings of cinema at the close of the nineteenth century to the present day. WR, HU
* FILM 476a / ENGL 307a, Hollywood Novel and Film Charles Musser
The history of novels and films about Hollywood. Ways in which the closely related
forms of novel and film portray "the dream factory"its past, present, and futureas
well as the way the forms interact. Books include Merton at the Movies (1922), I Should
Have Stayed Home (1938), Loves of the Last Tycoon (1940), and The Player (1988). Films
include What Price Hollywood? (1932), A Star is Born (1937), Sunset Boulevard (1950), In
a Lonely Place (1950), and The Player (1992). May not be taken after AMST S321/FILM
S180. HU
Production Seminars
* FILM 161a / ART 141a, Introductory Film Writing and Directing Michael Roemer
Problems and aesthetics of film studied in practice as well as in theory. In addition
to exploring movement, image, montage, point of view, and narrative structure,
students photograph and edit their own short videotapes. Emphasis on the writing and
production of short dramatic scenes. Materials fee: $150. Priority to majors in Art and
in Film & Media Studies. Prerequisite for majors in Film & Media Studies: FILM 150.
RP
* FILM 162a or b / ART 142a or b, Introductory Documentary Filmmaking Sandra
Luckow
The art and craft of documentary filmmaking. Basic technological and creative tools
for capturing and editing moving images. The processes of research, planning,
interviewing, writing, and gathering of visual elements to tell a compelling story with
integrity and responsibility toward the subject. The creation of nonfiction narratives.
Issues include creative discipline, ethical questions, space, the recreation of time, and
how to represent "the truth." Materials fee: $150. RP
* FILM 350a or b, Screenwriting Marc Lapadula
A beginning course in screenplay writing. Foundations of the craft introduced through
the reading of professional scripts and the analysis of classic films. A series of classroom
exercises culminates in intensive scene work. Prerequisite: FILM 150. Not open to
freshmen.
FILM 355a or b / ART 341a or b, Intermediate Film Writing and Directing Staff
In the first half of the term, students write three-scene short films and learn the tools
and techniques of staging, lighting, and capturing and editing the dramatic scene.
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In the second half of the term, students work collaboratively to produce their films.
Focus on using the tools of cinema to tell meaningful dramatic stories. Materials fee:
$150. Enrollment limited to 8. Priority to majors in Art and in Film & Media Studies.
Prerequisites: ART 141 or 142, and FILM 150. RP
FILM 356b / ART 342b, Intermediate Documentary Filmmaking Sandra Luckow
Students explore the storytelling potential of the film medium by making documentary
art. The class concentrates on finding and capturing intriguing, complex scenarios in
the world and then adapting them to the film form. Questions of truth, objectivity,
style, and the filmmaker's ethics are considered using examples of students' work.
Exercises in storytelling principles. Materials fee: $150. Limited enrollment. Priority to
majors in Art and in Film & Media Studies. Prerequisites: ART 141 or 142, and FILM
150. HU RP
* FILM 359a / MUSI 345a, Introduction to Sound Studies Brian Kane
A broad introduction to sound studies, an emerging field that analyzes both the
technologies and the cultural techniques involved in the production, reception, and
meaning of sound and listening. Topics include soundscapes, voice, modes of listening,
audio technologies, electronic music, and noise. How sound studies intersects with
more traditional methods of music studies. HU
* FILM 395b, Intermediate Screenwriting Marc Lapadula
A workshop in writing short screenplays. Frequent revisions of each student's script
focus on uniting narrative, well-delineated characters, dramatic action, tone, and
dialogue into a polished final screenplay. Prerequisite: FILM 350. Priority to majors in
Film & Media Studies.
* FILM 396b / ENGL 461b, Writing for Film: Voice and Vision John Crowley
Practice in all aspects of writing a screenplay. Focus on elements shared with other
forms of fiction, including story, character, narrative, personal voice, and audience
expectations. Study of one or more published screenplays in conjunction with viewings
of the resulting films. Students plan, pitch, outline, and write a large part of a single
screenplay, in addition to shorter exercises in screenplay craft. RP
* FILM 397b / ENGL 244b / THST 228b, Writing about the Performing Arts
Margaret Spillane
* FILM 455a and FILM 456b / AMST 463a and AMST 464b, Documentary Film
Workshop Charles Musser
A yearlong workshop designed primarily for majors in Film and Media Studies or
American Studies who are making documentaries as senior projects. Seniors in other
majors admitted as space permits. RP
* FILM 483a and FILM 484b / ART 442a and ART 443b, Advanced Film Writing and
Directing Jonathan Andrews
A yearlong workshop designed primarily for majors in Art and in Film & Media Studies
making senior projects. Each student writes and directs a short fiction film. The first
term focuses on the screenplay, production schedule, storyboards, casting, budget,
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and locations. In the second term students rehearse, shoot, edit, and screen the film.
Materials fee: $150. Enrollment limited to 8. Priority to majors in Art and in Film &
Media Studies. Prerequisite: ART 341.
* FILM 487a and FILM 488b, Advanced Screenwriting Marc Lapadula
Students write a feature-length screenplay. Emphasis on multiple drafts and revision.
Admission in the fall term based on acceptance of a complete step-sheet outline for the
story to be written during the coming year. Primarily for Film & Media Studies majors
working on senior projects. Prerequisite: FILM 395 or permission of instructor.
Individual Research and Senior Essay Course or Project

* FILM 471a or b, Independent Directed Study Staff
For students who wish to explore an aspect of film and media studies not covered
by existing courses. The course may be used for research or directed readings and
should include one lengthy essay or several short ones as well as regular meetings
with the adviser. To apply, students should present a prospectus, a bibliography
for the work proposed, and a letter of support from the adviser to the director of
undergraduate studies. Term credit for independent research or reading may be granted
and applied to any of the requisite areas upon application and approval by the director
* FILM 491a and FILM 492b, The Senior Essay Staff
An independent writing and research project. A prospectus signed by the student's
adviser must be submitted to the director of undergraduate studies by the end of the
second week of the term in which the essay project is to commence. A rough draft must
be submitted to the adviser and the director of undergraduate studies approximately
one month before the final draft is due. Essays are normally thirty-five pages long (one
term) or fifty pages (two terms).
* FILM 493a and FILM 494b, The Senior Project Staff
For students making a film or video, either fiction or nonfiction, as their senior project.
Senior projects require the approval of the Film and Media Studies Committee and are
based on proposals submitted at the end of the junior year. An interim project review
takes place at the end of the fall term, and permission to complete the senior project can
be withdrawn if satisfactory progress has not been made. For guidelines, consult the
director of undergraduate studies. Does not count toward the fourteen courses required
for the major when taken in conjunction with FILM 455, 456 or FILM 483, 484.
Forestry and Environmental Studies

Program adviser: John Wargo, 124 KRN, 432-5123, john.wargo@yale.edu
The School of Forestry & Environmental Studies is primarily a graduate and
professional program designed to train leaders to solve worldwide environmental
problems and to provide new understanding of local and global environments through
interdisciplinary research in the natural and social sciences. The School offers numerous
courses to undergraduates in Environmental Studies, and undergraduates from any
major can take courses in the School. Those undergraduates with significant interest
should contact the School's undergraduate program adviser to discuss a joint degree
program that allows Yale College students to earn both a bachelor's degree from Yale
College and an M.E.M. degree from the School of Forestry & Environmental Studies
Forestry and Environmental Studies
343
in five years. For more information on the joint program, see the School's Web site
(http://environment.yale.edu/academics/degrees/five-year). Most graduate-level
courses are open to qualified undergraduates. Listings and detailed descriptions of these
courses are available in the bulletin of the School of Forestry & Environmental Studies
(http://www.yale.edu/printer/bulletin/htmlfiles/forestry), and most also appear in
the online bulletin of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (http://www.yale.edu/
printer/bulletin/htmlfiles/grad).
Information about the programs of the School of Forestry & Environmental Studies
may be found on the School's Web site (http://environment.yale.edu). Most lectures
and symposia are open to undergraduates.
Courses
* F&ES 020a / EVST 020a, Sustainable Development in Haiti Gordon Geballe
* F&ES 221a / E&EB 230a / EVST 221a, Field Ecology Linda Puth
instructor. SC
* F&ES 261a / EVST 261a / G&G 261a, Minerals and Human Health Ruth Blake
F&ES 315a / E&EB 115a, Conservation Biology Linda Puth and Jeffrey Powell
An introduction to ecological and evolutionary principles underpinning efforts to
conserve Earth's biodiversity. Efforts to halt the rapid increase in disappearance of both
plants and animals. Discussion of sociological and economic issues. SC
F&ES 327a / ENVE 327a / G&G 327a, Atmospheric Chemistry Nadine Unger
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* F&ES 384a / ANTH 382a / EVST 345a, Environmental Anthropology Michael Dove
French
Director of undergraduate studies: Christopher Semk, Rm. 326, 8290 Wall St.,
432-4902, christopher.semk@yale.edu; language program director: Ruth Koizim, Rm.
319, 8290 Wall St., 432-4904, ruth.koizim@yale.edu; french.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF FRENCH

Professors R. Howard Bloch, Edwin M. Duval, Marie-Hlne Girard (Visiting), Alice
Kaplan (Chair), Christopher L. Miller, Maurice Samuels
Assistant Professors Morgane Cadieu, Thomas C. Connolly, Christopher Semk
Senior Lecturers Lauren Pinzka, Maryam Sanjabi
Lecturer Diane Charney
Senior Lectors Kathleen Burton, Ruth Koizim, Soumia Koundi, Matuku Ngame,
Franoise Schneider, Constance Sherak, Candace Skorupa
Lector Vanessa Vysosias
The Department of French has two distinct but complementary missions: to provide
instruction in the French language at all levels of competence, and to lead students to a
broad appreciation and deep understanding of the literatures and cultures of France and
other French-speaking countries.
The major in French is a liberal arts major, designed for those who wish to study one
of the world's greatest and richest literatures in depth. The department offers courses
devoted to authors, works, and literary and cultural movements that span ten centuries
and four continents. The curriculum also includes interdisciplinary courses on relations
between literature and other areas of study such as history, law, religion, politics, and
the arts. Majors are encouraged to explore all periods and genres of literature in French,
as well as a wide variety of critical approaches.
Excellent knowledge of a foreign language and a mature, informed appreciation of a
foreign literature open doors to many professions. The French major provides ideal
preparation for careers not only in academics but also in a wide range of fields from law
and diplomacy to journalism and the arts. Recent graduates have gone on to selective
law schools and graduate programs in French and comparative literature. Others
work in primary and secondary education, business, government, and a variety of
nongovernmental agencies and international organizations.
French can be taken either as a primary major or as one of two majors, in consultation
with the director of undergraduate studies. Appropriate majors to combine with
French might include, but are not limited to, African American Studies, African
Studies, English, Film and Media Studies, Global Affairs, History, History of Art,
Humanities, Literature, Music, Philosophy, Political Science, Theater Studies, and
Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. Regulations concerning the completion
French
345
of two majors can be found under Section K, Special Arrangements, (p. 65) in the
Study abroad Students are encouraged to spend a term or a year abroad, for which
appropriate course credit is granted. Summer study abroad may also, in some cases,
receive course credit. Further information may be obtained from the Center for
International and Professional Experience (http://cipe.yalecollege.yale.edu) and from
Ruth Koizim (ruth.koizim@yale.edu), the study abroad adviser for the Department of
French.
Prerequisite for the major Candidates for the major should take FREN 150 or the
equivalent during the freshman or sophomore year. Prospective majors are strongly
encouraged to take at least one literature course numbered 170 or above before the end
of the sophomore year.
The standard major The standard major consists of ten term courses numbered 160 or
above, including a one-term senior essay (see below). One of these ten courses must be
FREN 170 or the equivalent, which should be completed early in a candidate's studies;
at least four must be Group B courses numbered 200 or above. Students may count
no more than two courses in the FREN 180199 range and no more than two courses
conducted in English (Group C) toward the major. With prior approval of the director
of undergraduate studies, a maximum of four term courses taught outside the Yale
Department of French but bearing directly on the student's principal interest may be
counted toward the major. Up to two of these may be taken in other departments at
Yale, and up to four may be taken as part of a Year or Term Abroad or summer study
abroad program. However, the combined number of courses from other departments
and from study abroad may not exceed four. (The director of undergraduate studies
may grant exceptions to this limit for students who spend two academic terms in an
approved study abroad program.) Relevant freshman seminars may count toward the
major, with permission of the director of undergraduate studies.
The intensive major The intensive major is designed for students who wish to
undertake a more concentrated study of literature in French. It is recommended for
students considering graduate study in French or in comparative literature. The
intensive major consists of twelve term courses numbered 160 or above, including
a one-term or two-term senior essay (see below). At least five courses must be
from Group B and numbered 200 or above. The requirement of FREN 170 and the
stipulations for courses in the 180199 range, courses conducted in English, and
courses taken outside the department are identical to those for the standard major.
Senior requirement All majors must write a senior essay showing evidence of careful
reading and research and substantial independent thought. Essays may be written in
either French or English and must be prepared under the direction of a ladder faculty
member in the Department of French. Students planning to pursue advanced work in
French after graduation are encouraged to write their senior essay in French.
Students writing a one-term essay enroll in FREN 491 in the senior year. A oneterm essay may be written in either the fall or the spring term and should be
approximately thirty pages in length. A preliminary statement indicating the general
area to be addressed and the name of the adviser must be submitted to the director of
undergraduate studies by September 18 (fall-term essay) or November 13 (spring-term
346
essay). A one-page prospectus and bibliography are due September 25 (fall term) or
January 29 (spring term). A rough draft must be submitted to the adviser by November
6 (fall term) or April 1 (spring term). Two copies of the final essay are due in the
department by December 7 (fall term) or April 25 (spring term).
Students electing a two-term essay for the intensive major must select their subject
and adviser by the end of the junior year and enroll in FREN 493 and 494 during the
senior year. The essay should be approximately sixty pages in length. A preliminary
statement indicating the general area to be addressed and the name of the adviser must
be submitted to the director of undergraduate studies by September 18. A one-page
prospectus and bibliography are due September 25. Students must submit an initial
rough draft to their adviser by January 29 and a complete draft by April 1. Two copies of
the final essay are due in the department by April 25.
All majors Students in the major are encouraged to take as many advanced courses as
possible in all historical periods from the Middle Ages to the present. Candidates for the
major should consult the director of undergraduate studies as early as the beginning of
the sophomore year and no later than the fall term of the junior year. Schedules must
be approved and signed by the director of undergraduate studies. Students planning to
study abroad or to petition for completion of two majors should contact the director of
undergraduate studies during the sophomore year. Courses taken Credit/D/Fail may
not be counted toward the requirements of the major.
Special Divisional Major The department will support the application of qualified
students who wish to pursue an interdisciplinary course in French studies. Under the
provisions of the Special Divisional Major, students may combine courses offered by the
French department with subjects elected from other departments. Close consultation
with departmental advisers is required; candidates for a Special Divisional Major
should consult the director of undergraduate studies in French by the fall term of the
junior year. For further information, see under Special Divisional Majors (p. 636).
Group A courses (FREN 110159) This group consists of language courses that lead
directly to courses counting toward the major. Preregistration is required for all Group
A courses except FREN 125 and 145. For further details, students should consult the
language program director (ruth.koizim@yale.edu).
Group B courses (FREN 160449, not including Group C courses) This group
contains more advanced courses that are taught in French and count toward the major.
FREN 160 and 170 are gateway courses that prepare students for courses numbered
FREN 200 and above. Courses in the FREN 180199 range are advanced language
courses. Courses numbered 200449 are advanced courses in literature and culture.
The 200299 range contains courses devoted to broad, general fields defined by
century or genre; the 300449 range contains courses devoted to specific topics within
or across those general fields.
Group C courses This group comprises courses taught in English; readings may be in
French or English. Two term courses from this group may be counted for credit toward
the major.
Placement The departmental placement exam in French is accessible on line over
the summer. Dates and information for the exam will be available on the French
French
347
Department Web site (http://french.yale.edu/academics/placement-and-registration),

in the Calendar for the Opening Days of College, and on the Center for Language Study
Web site (http://cls.yale.edu/placement-testing).
All students who have not yet studied French at Yale (except those who have had
no previous exposure to French whatsoever) are expected to take the departmental
placement exam. Students who studied abroad over the summer with non-Yale
programs must take the placement exam to be eligible to receive credit for their work.
Students who earned superior scores on standardized tests may be able to enroll in a
course designated L5. The department strongly recommends, however, that advanced
students of French take the departmental placement exam in order to be directed to the
most appropriate courses. Students who earned a score of 5 on the Advanced Placement
exam, a score of 6 or 7 on the Advanced-Level International Baccalaureate (IB) exam,
a rating of C1 on the CEFR European test, or an A or B on the GCE A-Level exam are
normally placed into a course at the 150 level and above.
Students who wish to begin taking French in the spring are advised to take the
placement exam over the summer. Placement exam results remain valid for one year.

Prerequisite FREN 150 or equivalent
Number of courses Standard major10 term courses numbered 160 or above; Intensive
major12 term courses numbered 160 or above
Specific course required FREN 170 or equivalent
Distribution of courses Standard majorat least 4 courses in Group B numbered
200 or above; no more than 2 courses numbered FREN 180199; no more than 2
courses conducted in English; Intensive majorsame, plus 1 addtl Group B course
numbered 200 or above
Substitution permitted With prior approval of DUS, up to 4 term courses outside
French dept, as specified
Senior requirement Standard majorone-term senior essay in French or English
(FREN 491); Intensive majorone-term (FREN 491) or two-term (FREN 493,
494) senior essay in French or English
Group A Courses
* FREN 110a, Elementary and Intermediate French I Staff
Intensive training and practice in all the language skills, with an initial emphasis on
listening and speaking. Emphasis on communicative proficiency, self-expression, and
cultural insights. Extensive use of audio and video material. Conducted entirely in
French. Mandatory weekly tests given on Mondays at 30-minute intervals from 5 to
8:30 p.m. To be followed by FREN 120. For students with no previous experience of
French. Daily classroom attendance is required. Credit only on completion of FREN
120. L1 RP 1 Course cr
* FREN 120b, Elementary and Intermediate French II Staff
Continuation of FREN 110. Conducted entirely in French. Only after FREN 110. To be
followed by FREN 130. L2 RP 1 Course cr
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* FREN 121a, Intermediate French Candace Skorupa

Designed for initiated beginners, this course develops all the language skills with an
emphasis on listening and speaking. Activities include role playing, self-expression, and
discussion of cultural and literary texts. Emphasis on grammar review and acquisition
of vocabulary. Frequent audio and video exercises. Conducted entirely in French. Daily
classroom attendance is required. Placement according to placement test score. Online
preregistration required; see french.yale.edu for details. L2 RP 1 Course cr
* FREN 125a, Intensive Elementary French Constance Sherak
An accelerated course that covers in one term the material taught in FREN 110 and 120.
Practice in all language skills, with emphasis on communicative proficiency. Admits to
FREN 145. Conducted entirely in French. For students of superior linguistic ability. No
preregistration required. L1, L2 RP 2 Course cr
* FREN 130a or b, Intermediate and Advanced French I Staff
The first half of a two-term sequence designed to develop students' proficiency in the
four language skill areas. Prepares students for further work in literary, language, and
cultural studies, as well as for nonacademic use of French. Oral communication skills,
writing practice, vocabulary expansion, and a comprehensive review of fundamental
grammatical structures are integrated with the study of short stories, novels, and
films. Admits to FREN 140. Conducted entirely in French. After FREN 120, 121, or a
satisfactory placement test score. L3 RP 1 Course cr
* FREN 140a or b, Intermediate and Advanced French II Staff
The second half of a two-term sequence designed to develop students' proficiency in
the four language skill areas. Introduction of more complex grammatical structures.
Films and other authentic media accompany literary readings from throughout the
francophone world, culminating with the reading of a longer novel and in-class
presentation of student research projects. Admits to FREN 150. Conducted entirely in
French. After FREN 130 or a satisfactory placement test score. L4 RP 1 Course cr
* FREN 145b, Intensive Intermediate and Advanced French Candace Skorupa
An accelerated course that covers in one term the material taught in FREN 130 and 140.
Emphasis on speaking, writing, and the conversion of grammatical knowledge into
reading competence. Admits to FREN 150. For students of superior linguistic ability.
Conducted entirely in French. After FREN 120, 121, or 125. No preregistration required.
L3, L4 RP 2 Course cr
* FREN 150a or b, Advanced Language Practice Staff
An advanced language course intended to improve students' comprehension of spoken
and written French as well as their speaking and writing skills. Modern fiction and
nonfiction texts familiarize students with idiomatic French. Special attention to
grammar review and vocabulary acquisition. Conducted entirely in French. After
FREN 140, 145, or a satisfactory placement test score. May not be taken after FREN 151.
Online preregistration required; see http://french.yale.edu/academics/placement-andregistration for details. L5 RP
Group B Courses
Group B courses are conducted entirely in French. Courses numbered from 160 to 199
are open to students who have passed FREN 150 or the equivalent, and to others with
consent of the department. Courses numbered from 200 to 449 are open to students
French
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who have passed FREN 170, or with permission of the instructor. Students who have
taken a course at the 200 level or higher may not ordinarily take a 100-level course
for credit, with the exception of advanced language courses numbered 185 or higher.
Students may take 200-, 300-, and 400-level courses in any order. Courses in the 200
299 range are devoted to general fields; courses in the 300449 range are devoted to
specific topics.
Gateway Courses
* FREN 160a or b, Advanced Culture and Conversation Staff
Intensive oral practice designed to further skills in listening comprehension, speaking,
and reading through the use of videos, films, fiction, and articles. Emphasis on
contemporary French and francophone cultures. Conducted entirely in French.
Prerequisites: FREN 150, 151, or a satisfactory placement test score, or with permission
of the course director. May be taken concurrently with or after FREN 170. L5 RP
* FREN 170a or b, Introduction to the Study of Literature in French Staff
Introduction to close reading and analysis of literary texts written in French. Works by
authors such as Marie de France, Molire, Balzac, Hugo, Baudelaire, Duras, Proust, and
Genet. May not be taken after FREN 171. L5, HU
* FREN 171b, Introduction to the Study of Literature in French for Students of
Directed Studies Edwin Duval
An introduction to close reading and analysis of literary texts written in French, for
current and former students of Directed Studies. Similar in content to FREN 170, but
specifically designed to build on readings in DRST 001 and 002. Works by authors such
as Du Bellay, Racine, Baudelaire, Flaubert, Proust, and Sartre. Prerequisites: DRST
001 or 002; FREN 150, or equivalent with permission of instructor and the director of
undergraduate studies. May not be taken after FREN 170. L5, HU
Advanced Language Courses

* FREN 195a, Advanced Writing Workshop Lauren Pinzka
An advanced writing course for students who wish to work intensively on perfecting
their written French. Frequent compositions of varying lengths, including creative
writing, rdactions (compositions on concrete topics), and dissertations (critical essays).
Recommended for prospective majors. Conducted entirely in French. After FREN 150
or higher, or a satisfactory placement test score. May be taken after courses in the 200
449 range. L5
* FREN 198b, Applied Advanced French Grammar Constance Sherak
In-depth study of grammar and discourse strategies. Advanced grammar exercises,
linguistic analysis of literary selections, and English-to-French translation. Intended
to improve students' written command of French and to prepare them for upperlevel courses; recommended for prospective majors. After FREN 150 or higher, or a
satisfactory placement test score. May be taken after courses in the 200449 range. L5
General Fields
* FREN 211a, French Poetry: The First Five Hundred Years Edwin Duval
A survey of the first half-millennium of French poetry, from courtly love songs by
the Trouvres of the late twelfth century to satirical verse by the Libertins of the early
seventeenth. Special focus on the great flowering of lyric poetry during the Renaissance.
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The musical origins and aspirations of lyric poetry in France. Emphasis on close
readings of representative works by major poets. L5, HU
* FREN 233a, French Fiction since the 1990s Morgane Cadieu
Exploration of literary life in contemporary France. Literature in the media; the figure
of the writer, including prizes, publishing houses, and literary quarrels; the legal status
of texts, trials for plagiarism, and violation of privacy; new literary movements and
genres. Works by Modiano, Ernaux, Guibert, Angot, Houellebecq, Darrieussecq,
NDiaye, Garrta, Toussaint, and Echenoz. L5, HU
* FREN 265a / THST 265a, French Classical Tragedy Christopher Semk
Comprehensive survey of seventeenth-century French tragedy, with an emphasis on
performance. Stylistic features and major themes of tragedy; the material conditions of
early modern performance; the art of declamation; recent productions, including both
those that seek to reproduce early modern practices and those that modernize the plays.
Works by Bernard, Corneille, Racine, and Rotrou. L5, HU
Special Topics
* FREN 307b, Trains in French Literature, Film, and History Morgane Cadieu
The aesthetics of trains in French and Francophone literature and culture. Survey of
major literary movements in France from the nineteenth century to the present; trains
and subways in French film, visual arts, and comics; the role of trains in French history,
including industrialization, deportation, and colonization; theory on cities and public
transportation. May not be taken after FREN 306. WR, HU
* FREN 309a, Shopping and the Novel Morgane Cadieu
Representations of shopping and consumerism in French literature, cinema,
and culture from the nineteenth century to the present. The politics of window
shopping, mythology of French commodities, rhetoric of advertisements, aesthetics of
supermarkets, and literary versions of consumer society. An overview of major authors
with an introduction to literary theory and sociology. WR, HU
FREN 310b / LITR 191b, Louis XIV and the Culture of Absolutism Christopher
Semk
An exploration of the major literary works of seventeenth-century France, with special
emphasis on the relationship between absolutism and cultural life. Artistic patronage
and the institutionalization of the arts, support for and subversion of royal authority,
and the characteristics of classical style. HU
* FREN 366a / HSAR 251a, Writers and Artists in Paris, 17801914 Marie-Hlne
Girard
Ways in which the transformation of Paris shaped the representation of artists who
lived and worked in the French capital from the end of the Old Regime until the eve
of World War I. The emergence of Paris as a cultural marker; the role played by the
image of the bohemian or the artiste maudit. Authors and artists include David, Balzac,
Delacroix, Baudelaire, Manet, Mallarm, impressionist painters, and Picasso. L5, HU
* FREN 394a / FILM 416a / LITR 366a, French Cinema through the New Wave
Dudley Andrew
French
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* FREN 396b / FILM 474b, World War II in French Cinema Alice Kaplan
A study of French films dealing with everyday life in France during the Nazi occupation
(194044). Close analysis of scenes and cinematic techniques, historical readings, and
film criticism. L5, HU
* FREN 399a / HUMS 400a / PLSC 316a, Modernities R. Howard Bloch and Steven
Smith
An interdisciplinary study of philosophy, social thought, and some key literary works
connected to two moments of modernitythe Enlightment and the period of the "great
upheaval" (18701915). HU, SO
* FREN 412b / AFAM 287b / AFST 412b / LITR 250b, Postcolonial Theory and
readings available both in French and in English translation. HU Tr RP
Special Tutorial and Senior Courses

* FREN 470a and FREN 471b, Special Tutorial for Juniors and Seniors Christopher
Semk
Special projects set up by the student in an area of individual interest with the help
of a faculty adviser and the director of undergraduate studies. Intended to enable the
student to cover material not offered by the department. The project must terminate
with at least a term paper or its equivalent and must have the approval of the director of
undergraduate studies. Only one term may be offered toward the major, but two terms
may be offered toward the bachelor's degree. For additional information, consult the
* FREN 491a or b, The Senior Essay Christopher Semk
A one-term research project completed under the direction of a ladder faculty member
in the Department of French and resulting in a substantial paper in French or English.
For additional information, consult the director of undergraduate studies.
* FREN 493a and FREN 494b, The Senior Essay in the Intensive Major Christopher
Semk
A yearlong research project completed under the direction of a ladder faculty member in
the Department of French and resulting in a paper of considerable length, in French or
English. For additional information, consult the director of undergraduate studies.
Reading Course
* FREN 109a or b, French for Reading Maryam Sanjabi
Fundamental grammar structures and basic vocabulary are acquired through the
reading of texts in various fields (primarily humanities and social sciences, and
others as determined by student interest). Intended for students who either need
a reading knowledge of French for research purposes or are preparing for French
reading examinations and who have had no (or minimal) prior study of French.
No preregistration required. Conducted in English. Does not satisfy the language
requirement.
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The Freshman Seminar program offers a diverse array of courses open only to freshmen
and designed with freshmen in mind. Enrollment in seminars is limited to fifteen
or eighteen students, depending on the nature of the course. Most seminars meet
twice each week and do not, unless otherwise noted, presume any prior experience
in the field. Students must apply and preregister for freshman seminars before the
beginning of each term. To ensure that all applicants share an equal chance at enrolling
in a seminar, students are admitted by lottery from among those who apply. Students
who do not preregister may be considered for placement at the instructor's discretion if
space is available. Information regarding application procedures may be found on the
program's Web site (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/new-students/class-2019/academicinformation/special-programs-placement-and-preregistration/freshman).
Courses
* AFAM 008a / AFST 008a / HSAR 009a, Aesthetics and Meaning in African Arts
Rugemer
* AMST 010b, Islam in the United States Zareena Grewal
Introduction to ethnic studies and ethnographic film and writing through the study of
Islam in the United States. The wide variety of Muslim ethnic and racial and immigrant
groups in the United States and the new forms of religious life that develop from their
interaction. Global and universal elements of Islam; elements that are specific to place
and community, including what is American about Islam in America. Enrollment
WR, HU
* AMST 019a / HIST 018a, Commodities as U.S. History Matthew Jacobson
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* ARCH 005a, Modern Architecture and the City Karla Britton

Issues in modern American architecture and urbanism examined through the work of
prominent architects closely associated with Yale and New Haven. Perspectives on the
character, development, and sociocultural consequences of building today. Enrollment
HU
* ART 002b, Paper Elana Herzog
Paper as a material for making art. How paper is made; myriad ways that it is used in
the collections of Yale's galleries and libraries. Creation of paper objects to explore the
formal properties of sculpture, including volume, mass, line, and structure. Enrollment
RP
* ART 003a, Blue Jessica Helfand
The cultural and iconic history of the color blue and its role as both a method and a
motive for making work in the studio. The word "blue" and its etymological core,
evocative connotations, colloquial nuance, and semantic role in different languages
and cultures; scientific and sociological issues; blue in film and the fine arts. Projects
experiment with writing, collecting, collage, and digital video. Use of materials from
the Beinecke Library. Enrollment limited to 15 freshmen. Preregistration required; see
* ART 004a, Words and Pictures Dushan Petrovich
Introduction to visual narration, the combination of words and pictures to tell a story.
Narrative point of view, counternarrative and counterculture, visual satire, personal
history, depictions of space and time, and strategies and politics of representation.
Sources include illuminated manuscripts, biblical paintings, picture-stories, comic
strips, and graphic novels. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required;
see under Freshman Seminar Program. HU RP
* ART 006a, Art of the Printed Word Richard Rose
Introduction to the art and historical development of letterpress printing and to
the evolution of private presses. Survey of hand printing; practical study of press
operations using antique platen presses and the cylinder proof press. Material qualities
of printed matter, connections between content and typographic form, and word/image
relationships. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under
* ASTR 030a, Search for Extraterrestrial Life Michael Faison
Introduction to the search for extraterrestrial life. Review of current knowledge on
the origins and evolution of life on Earth; applications to the search for life elsewhere
in the universe. Discussion of what makes a planet habitable, how common these
worlds are in the universe, and how we might search for them. Survey of past, current,
and future searches for extraterrestrial intelligence. Enrollment limited to freshmen.
Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. WR, SC
* ASTR 040b, Expanding Ideas of Time and Space Louise Edwards
Discussions on the nature of time and space. Topics include the shape and contents
of the universe, special and general relativity, dark and light matter, and dark energy.
Observations and ideas fundamental to astronomers' current model of an expanding
354
and accelerating four-dimensional universe. Enrollment limited to freshmen.

Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. SC
* CLCV 056b, Ancient Myth, Fiction, and Science Fiction Pauline LeVen
A survey of ancient Greek and Roman myths and an introduction to the prose fiction
and science fiction of 2500 years ago. Crucial questions asked by Greek and Roman
myths; how myths were an integral part of important ancient institutions; ways in
which myths, fiction, and science fiction represented the world and the notion of
"truth" in different ways. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see
* CLCV 057a / HIST 021a, The Age of Constantine Noel Lenski
* CPSC 079b, Digital Photorealism Julie Dorsey
Basic methods used to define shapes, materials, and lighting when creating computergenerated images. Mathematical models for shape, texture models, and lighting
techniques. Principles are applied through the use of modeling/rendering/animation
software. Proficiency in high schoollevel mathematics is assumed. No previous
programming experience necessary. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration
required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. QR
* ENGL 010b, Jane Austen Stefanie Markovits
Close study of Austen's novels, with special attention to the critique of social and
literary convention. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see
* ENGL 011b / PLSC 025b, Lincoln in Thought and Action David Bromwich
*ENGL 012b / AMST 016b, Literary Cities: New York, Chicago, San Francisco
Wai Chee Dimock
* ENGL 015a / AFST 015a, South African Writing after Apartheid Staff
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* ENGL 017b, Shakespeare's Major Tragedies David Kastan

Detailed exploration of Shakespeare's Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. What
makes the plays great in a way that almost all readers and audiences have recognized.
The works as plays to be performed, as drama to be read, as texts that have been
constructed by the activities of various people, and as plays deeply embedded in the
history of their own moment, as well as in later histories for which they are in some
part responsible. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under
* EVST 020a / F&ES 020a, Sustainable Development in Haiti Gordon Geballe
*HIST 012b / AMST 012b, Politics and Society in the United States after World
* HIST 015b, History of Food and Cuisine Paul Freedman
The history of food from the Middle Ages to the present, with a focus on the United
States and Europe. How societies gathered and prepared food; culinary tastes of
different times and places. The influence of taste on trade, colonization, and cultural
exchange. The impact of immigration, globalization, and technology on food.
Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar
Program. HU
* HIST 020b / ARCG 020b / CLCV 059b / EVST 030b / NELC 026b, Rivers and
* HIST 030a / EAST 030a, Tokyo Fabian Drixler
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* HIST 032a / EAST 032a, Shanghai Denise Ho

* HIST 033b / WGSS 033b, Fashion in London and Paris, 1750 to the Present Becky
Conekin
Introduction to the history of Western fashion from the mid-eighteenth century to the
present, with a focus on Paris and London. Approaches, methods, and theories scholars
have historically employed to study fashion and dress. Enrollment limited to freshmen.
* HIST 042a, Oil and Empire Rosie Bsheer
The political and social history of oil since the late nineteenth century, including
global trends and processes. Oil's impact on the rise and fall of empires and the fates
of nation-states; its role in war and its impact on social and cultural life. Focus on
the Middle East, with some attention to Venezuela, Indonesia, and the Niger Delta.
Program. WR, HU
* HIST 045a, The Holocaust and Its Afterlives Jennifer Allen
The history and memory of the Holocaust in Germany. How the Holocaust itself
unfolded, and how Germany has worked through its legacy. Guilt and complicity,
the logic of the concentration camps, the limits of totalitarianism, the representations
of horror, the prosecution of atrocity, Holocaust memory across generations, and
Germany's urban memory landscape. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration
* HIST 070a, Lawyers as Rebels Rohit De
Examination of how lawyers have worked in illiberal and unjust legal systems. Key
themes in global history of the twentieth century, such as imperialism, nationalism,
apartheid, holocaust, civil rights, communism, feminism, and LGBT rights. Case
studies include Gandhi, Mandela, Hersch Lauterpacht, Pauli Murray, and Asma
Jahangir. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under
* HIST 072b, The History of World History Valerie Hansen
How the great historians of ancient Greece, Rome, China, the Islamic world, and
nineteenth-century Europe created modern historical method. How to evaluate the
reliability of sources, both primary and secondary, and assess the relationship between
fact and interpretation. Using historical method to make sense of our world today.
Program. WR, HU RP
* HLTH 081a, Current Issues in Medicine and Public Health Robert Bazell
Analysis of issues in public health and medicine that get extensive media attention
and provoke policy debates. Topics include vaccination, the value of cancer screening
357
and genetic testing, determinants of a healthy lifestyle, the U.S. role in global health,
and the cost of health care. Enrollment limited to freshmen with a score of 4 or 5 on
the Advanced Placement examination in Biology or the equivalent. Preregistration
required; see under Freshman Seminar Program.
* HUMS 076a / HSHM 007a, Epidemics in Global Perspective William Summers
Interaction of epidemic diseases and society. The response of government, medicine,
and the public to the threat or actual presence of widespread contagious diseases. The
notion of major epidemics as one of the key contingencies of history, critically examined
through contemporary medical, political, and literary accounts. The changing responses
of societies and governments to epidemics as well as the reasons for those responses.
Program. HU, SO
* HUMS 078a, Shakespeare and Music Judith Malafronte
The use of music in Shakespeare's plays, from the original stagings and seventeenthcentury adaptations to modern productions. Consideration of operatic versions of the
plays from the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first centuries. Includes a field trip
to New York City. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under
* LING 005a, The Mental Lexicon Maria Piango
Examination of the mental lexicon, a hypothesized space in the mind that is built
on long-term memory and that holds and manipulates the basic building blocks
of language. The structure of this space as it is currently understood; subsystems
connected by the mental lexicon, including word structure, sound structure, and
meaning structure; real-time word processing and bilingualism. Enrollment limited to
freshmen. Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. SO
* LING 010b / HIST 013b, Language and Power Claire Bowern and Alejandra
Dubcovsky-Joseph
The relationships between language and power explored through the perspectives of
linguistics and history. How and when languages change, disappear, and are created.
Focus on the Americas and on four outcomes of language contact and their social
precursors: pidgins, creoles, mixed languages, and language death. Enrollment limited
to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. SO
* MB&B 050a, Topics in Cancer Biology Sandy Chang
Introduction to cancer as a genetic disease, with a focus on major discoveries in cancer
biology that offer mechanistic insights into the disease process. A brief history of
cancer; influence of the genomic revolution on cancer diagnostics; molecular defects
underlying specific cancers; current and future cancer therapeutics. Patient case
studies highlight specific molecular pathways and treatment strategies. Enrollment
limited to freshmen with a strong background in biology and/or chemistry, typically
demonstrated by a score of 4 or 5 on Advanced Placement examinations. Preregistration
required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. SC
* MCDB 040b, The Science and Politics of Cancer Robert Bazell
Fundamentals of cell biology, Darwinian evolution, immunology, and genetics that
underlie cancer; the history of cancer science and treatment; historical and current
policy issues. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under
Freshman Seminar Program. SC
358
* MCDB 050a, Immunology and Microbes Paula Kavathas

Introduction to the immune system and its interaction with specific microbes. Attention
both to microbes that cause illness, such as influenza, HIV, and HPV, and to microbes
that live in harmony with humans, collectively called the microbiome. Readings include
novels and historical works on diseases such as polio and AIDS. Enrollment limited to
freshmen. Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. SC RP
* MUSI 012b, One Thousand Years of Love Songs Anna Zayaruznaya
History of the love song in Western culture from the twelfth-century troubadours to
contemporary popular hits. Music and the shifting social constructions of desire over
the past millennium. The song repertory's engagement with ideas and movements
such as courtly love, humanism, romanticism, sexual libertinism, and the LGBT
rights movement. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under
Freshman Seminar Program. HU RP
* MUSI 030a, Faith and Doubt in Western Music Henry Parkes
An exploration of spirituality, ideology, and philosophical worldviews in the great
works of Western classical music. Religious and philosophical backgrounds of famous
composers; the role of spirituality as a stimulus for creativity; the manner in which
belief has shaped the reception of composers and works; the degree to which musical
works communicate spiritual ideas or philosophies. Enrollment limited to freshmen.
* MUSI 065a, Shape-Note Traditions of the United States Ian Quinn
Introduction to the folk-song process known as shape-note or Sacred Harp singing,
a unique tradition of community a cappella music-making. The tradition's roots in
colonial New England, growth in the southern states between the Civil War and the
World Wars, and influence on later musical genres such as bluegrass and gospel. The
history of American music, religion, and print culture; exploration of a way of relating
to music that is fundamentally different from the performer-audience relationship;
concepts of oral tradition. Includes a field trip to New York City. No singing experience
or music-reading ability required. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration
required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. HU
* NELC 001a / ARCG 001a, Egypt and Northeast Africa: A Multidisciplinary
WR, HU
* RLST 017a, Authenticity Noreen Khawaja
The origins of personal authenticity in Western thought and the impact of this idea on
modern notions of truth, sincerity, and identity. The "true" self as a historical idea and
as a social performance. Readings in philosophy, literature, and religious thought from
antiquity to the present. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see
359
* RUSS 023b, Storytelling and the Russian Tradition Bella Grigoryan

An introduction to modern Russian literature via the genre of the short story. A
sustained examination of the relationship between various modes of storytelling and
modern literature. Emphasis on the aesthetic and ideological uses of storytelling in
masterpieces of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Russian prose fiction. Enrollment
WR, HU Tr
* SCIE 030a and SCIE 031b, Current Topics in Science Douglas Kankel
A series of modules in lecture and discussion format addressing scientific issues arising
in current affairs. Topics are selected for their scientific interest and contemporary
relevance, and may include global warming, human cloning, and the existence of
extrasolar planets. Credit for SCIE 030 only on completion of SCIE 031; one course
credit is awarded for successful completion of the year's work. Enrollment limited
to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. SC
Course cr per term
* SOCY 018a, The Sociological Imagination Julia Adams
Introduction to the linked study of sociology and modernity. Topics include the
dramatic rise of capitalism; colonialism and empire; the advent of democracy and
bureaucracy; the world-historical invention of the individual; and the contested role of
religion in modernity. Readings from classical and contemporary authors. SO
* THST 099a / FILM 045a, Dance on Film Emily Coates
* WGSS 032a, History of Sexuality Maria Trumpler
Exploration of scientific and medical writings on sexuality over the past century. Focus
on the tension between nature and culture in shaping theories, the construction of
heterosexuality and homosexuality, the role of scientific studies in moral discourse,
and the rise of sexology as a scientific discipline. Enrollment limited to freshmen.

Director of undergraduate studies: David Bercovici, 305 KGL, 432-3168,
david.bercovici@yale.edu; earth.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS

Professors Jay Ague (Chair), David Bercovici, Ruth Blake, Mark Brandon, Derek
Briggs, Peter Crane, David Evans, Alexey Fedorov, Debra Fischer, Jacques Gauthier,
Shun-ichiro Karato, Jun Korenaga, Mark Pagani, Jeffrey Park, Danny Rye, Brian
Skinner, Ronald Smith, John Wettlaufer
Associate Professors William Boos, Kanani Lee, Mary-Louise Timmermans
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Assistant Professors Bhart-Anjun Bhullar, Pincelli Hull, Maureen Long, Noah

Planavsky, Trude Storelvmo, Mary-Louise Timmermans, Nadine Unger
Lecturers Michael Oristaglio, Frank Robinson, Lawrence Schwartz, Catherine Skinner,
Ellen Thomas
The Geology and Geophysics program prepares students for the application of scientific
principles and methods to the understanding of Earth, the environment, and life on
a regional and a planetary scale. Subjects range from the history of Earth and life to
present-day environmental processes, integrating the study of Earths deep interior,
tectonic plates, oceans, atmosphere, climate, land surface, natural resources, and biota.
The emphasis of the curriculum is on employing basic principles from the core sciences
(physics, chemistry, biology) to further an understanding of Earths past and present,
and addressing issues relating to its future. Students gain a broad background in the
natural sciences, and also select a specific track to focus their work on planetary or
environmental phenomena of particular interest. The B.S. tracks emphasize handson research experience in fieldwork, in laboratories, or in computer modeling. While
some graduates continue on to research, consulting, or industrial careers in Earth,
environmental, and planetary sciences, the majors broad scientific training prepares
students for a wide variety of other paths, including medicine, law, public policy, and
teaching.
B.S. degree program Majors in the B.S. program in Geology and Geophysics choose
from four tracks: Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate; Environmental and Energy
Geoscience; Paleontology and Geobiology; and Solid Earth Science. The tracks are
suggested pathways to professional careers and major areas of research in geology and
geophysics. Students may change tracks during their course of study with guidance
from the director of undergraduate studies.
1. The Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate track provides a comprehensive
understanding of the theory, observation, and prediction of the atmosphere-oceanclimate system. Topics range from past climate changes, including the ice ages, to
present-day storms and weather, to forecasting climate change and global warming.
The prerequisites are a two-term lecture sequence in chemistry (or CHEM
118), physics (PHYS 180, 181 and PHYS 165L, 166L), computing (ENAS 130
or equivalent), and mathematics through differential equations (MATH 120 or
ENAS 151, and ENAS 194). The major requirements consist of at least eleven term
courses, for ten and one-half course credits, beyond the prerequisites, including
either the senior essay or the senior thesis. To begin study of Earth processes,
majors take an introductory course in G&G, with any accompanying laboratory,
selected from G&G 100; 110 or 115, and 111L; 120; or 125 and 126L. A higherlevel course in G&G can be substituted with the permission of the director of
undergraduate studies. Six core courses, totaling five and one-half course credits,
introduce students to Earths climate system (G&G 140 and 141L), meteorology
(G&G 322), physical oceanography (G&G 335), fluid mechanics (MENG 361),
and statistics or linear algebra (STAT 230 or 238 or MATH 222). Three electives
are chosen from topics in the environment and in processes that govern the
atmosphere, ocean, and land surface; physics; and statistics. A list of suggested
electives is available from the office of the director of undergraduate studies or
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on the departmental Web site (http://earth.yale.edu/academics/undergraduateprogram). At least one elective must be from G&G.
2. The Environmental and Energy Geoscience track provides a scientific
understanding of the natural and anthropogenic processes that shape the Earthatmosphere-biosphere system, including energy and material flows among its
components. It emphasizes comparative studies of past and current Earth processes
to inform models of humankinds role within the environments future. The
prerequisites are broad and flexible and include a two-term lecture sequence
in chemistry (or CHEM 118), and mathematics through multivariate calculus
(MATH 120 or ENAS 151). Depending on their area of focus, students may
choose a prerequisite in physics (PHYS 170, 171; 180, 181; or 200, 201), or they
may choose cellular biology (BIOL 101 and 102, or MCDB 120) and evolutionary
biology (BIOL 103 and 104, or E&EB 122, or G&G 125 and 126L). The major
requirements consist of at least eleven term courses, for eleven course credits,
beyond the prerequisites, including either the senior essay or the senior thesis. To
begin study of the Earth system, majors take two introductory courses in G&G,
with any accompanying laboratories, selected from G&G 100; 110 or 115, and 111L;
120; or 140 and 141L (G&G 125 and 126L may count toward this requirement if not
selected as the evolutionary biology prerequisite). Higher-level courses in G&G
can be substituted with the permission of the director of undergraduate studies.
Four core courses are chosen from topics in general resource use and sustainability
(G&G 205), the microbiology of surface and near-surface environments (G&G 255),
fossil fuels and energy transitions (G&G 274), renewable energies (G&G 275),
geochemical principles (G&G 301), climate physics (G&G 322), and satellite-based
image analysis (G&G 362). Four electives chosen from Geology and Geophysics,
Environmental Studies (p. 303), Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (p. 241),
engineering, or related fields provide a broad approach to scientific study of the
environment. A list of suggested electives is available from the office of the director
of undergraduate studies or on the departmental Web site (http://earth.yale.edu/
academics/undergraduate-program). Electives may be chosen from the core
courses, and at least two must be from G&G.
3. The Paleontology and Geobiology track focuses on the fossil record of life and
evolution, geochemical imprints of life, and interactions between life and Earth.
Topics range from morphology, function, relationships, and biogeography of the
fossils themselves, through the contexts of fossil finds in terms of stratigraphy,
sediment geochemistry, paleoecology, paleoclimate, and geomorphology, to analysis
of the larger causes of paleontological, geobiological, and evolutionary patterns.
Integrative approaches are emphasized that link fossil evidence with the physical
and chemical evolution of Earth. The prerequisites are college-level biology (BIOL
101104; or MCDB 120 and E&EB 122); a two-term lecture sequence in chemistry,
(or CHEM 118) and mathematics through multivariate calculus (MATH 120 or
ENAS 151). The major requirements consist of at least thirteen term courses, for
twelve course credits, beyond the prerequisites, including either the senior essay
or the senior thesis. Students take G&G 110 or 115, and 111L, to gain geological and
environmental context, and they are introduced to the fossil record and evolution
in G&G 125 and 126L; higher-level courses in G&G can be substituted with the
permission of the director of undergraduate studies. Four core courses give majors
a comprehensive background in sedimentary rocks and rock correlation (G&G 230
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or equivalent), the study of evolution (G&G 250), microbiology in past and present
environments (G&G 255), and statistical data analysis as applied to the life sciences
(STAT 101). Four electives selected from Geology and Geophysics, Ecology and
Evolutionary Biology (p. 241), Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology
(p. 507), and related fields offer students flexibility in pursuing their specific
interests. A list of suggested electives is available from the office of the director of
undergraduate studies or on the departmental Web site (http://earth.yale.edu/
academics/undergraduate-program). At least one elective must be from G&G.
4. The Solid Earth Science track emphasizes an integrated geological, geochemical,
and geophysical approach to the study of processes operating within Earth and their
manifestation on the surface. It includes the structure, dynamics, and kinetics of
Earth's interior and their impacts on our environment both in the long term (e.g.,
the evolution of the land surface) and in the short term (e.g., the causes for natural
disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions). Students acquire
a fundamental understanding of the solid Earth system, both as it exists today and
as it has evolved over geologic time scales. The prerequisites are a two-term lecture
sequence in chemistry (or CHEM 118); physics (PHYS 170, 171; 180, 181; or 200,
201); and mathematics through multivariate calculus (MATH 120 or ENAS 151).
The major requirements consist of at least eleven courses, for eleven course credits,
beyond the prerequisites, including either the senior essay or the senior thesis. To
begin study of the Earth system, majors take two introductory courses in G&G,
with any accompanying laboratories, selected from G&G 100; 110 or 115, and 111L;
120; 125 and 126L; or 140 and 141L. Higher-level courses in G&G can be substituted
with the permission of the director of undergraduate studies. The core of the track
consists of four courses chosen from topics in mantle dynamics, earthquakes,
and volcanoes (G&G 290), mountain building and global tectonics (G&G 212),
rocks and minerals (G&G 220), sedimentary rocks and processes (G&G 230 or
equivalent), and geochemical principles (G&G 301). Students also select four
electives in geology, geochemistry, geophysics, or related topics. A list of suggested
electives is available from the office of the director of undergraduate studies or
on the departmental Web site (http://earth.yale.edu/academics/undergraduateprogram). Electives may be chosen from core courses, and at least two must be
from G&G.
B.A. degree program The B.A. degree in Geology and Natural Resources requires
fewer upper-level courses than the B.S. degree. It may be more appropriate for students
who wish to major in two separate Yale programs, who study geoscience in preparation
for a career in law, business, government, or environmental fields, or who decide
to pursue a science major only after the freshman year. The prerequisites include
mathematics (MATH 115), biology (BIOL 101 and 102, or MCDB 120, or G&G 255),
and a lecture course in chemistry. The major requirements consist of at least nine term
courses beyond the prerequisites. These include two courses in G&G numbered 100
150, with any accompanying laboratories; courses in natural resources (G&G 205)
and geochemistry (G&G 301); and five additional courses at the 200 level or higher in
Geology and Geophysics or related fields, approved by the director of undergraduate
studies and including either the senior essay or the senior thesis. Course selections can
be guided by any of the B.S. tracks described above.
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Senior requirement Seniors in both degree programs must prepare either a senior
essay based on one term of library, laboratory, or field research (G&G 492) or, with
the consent of the faculty, a two-term senior thesis (G&G 490, 491), which involves
innovative field, laboratory, or theoretical research. Students electing to do a senior
thesis must first select a topic and obtain the consent of a faculty member to act as an
adviser. They must then petition the faculty through the director of undergraduate
studies for approval of the thesis proposal. The petition should be submitted by the end
of the junior year. If the two-term senior thesis is elected, G&G 491 may count as an
elective toward the major. A copy of each senior thesis or senior essay is made available
on the departmental Web site (http://earth.yale.edu).
Selection of courses Geology and Geophysics majors may not employ the Credit/D/
Fail option for prerequisites or for courses in the major. With permission of the director
of undergraduate studies, acceleration credits awarded at matriculation for high scores
on national or international examinations (such as Advanced Placement subject tests)
may be used to satisfy prerequisites, even if the student does not choose to accelerate.
Higher-level courses may, with the permission of the director of undergraduate studies,
be substituted for prerequisites and for specific required courses. Qualified juniors and
seniors are encouraged to enroll in graduate courses, with permission of the instructor
and of the directors of graduate and undergraduate studies. Descriptions of graduate
courses are available at the office of the director of undergraduate studies.
Practical experience In addition to prerequisites and required courses in Geology
and Geophysics, candidates for the B.A. and B.S. degrees are strongly encouraged
to gain practical experience in the Earth sciences. This can be done in two ways:
(1) by attending a summer field course at another academic institution, or (2) by
participating in summer research opportunities offered by the Department of Geology
and Geophysics, by other academic institutions, or by certain government agencies
and private industries. Consult the director of undergraduate studies or see the
departmental Web site (http://earth.yale.edu) for further information.
Physics and Geosciences major The Department of Geology and Geophysics also
offers a combined major with the Department of Physics. For more information, see
under Physics and Geosciences (p. 560).
Combined B.S./M.S. degree program Exceptionally able and well-prepared students
may complete a course of study leading to the simultaneous award of the B.S. and M.S.
degrees after eight terms of enrollment. See Simultaneous Award of the Bachelors
and Masters Degrees under section K, Special Arrangements (p. 65), in the Academic
Regulations. Interested students should consult the director of undergraduate
studies prior to the sixth term of enrollment for specific requirements in Geology and
Geophysics.

Prerequisites B.A.MATH 115; BIOL 101 and 102, or MCDB 120, or G&G 255;
a lecture course in chem; B.S.All tracksa two-term lecture sequence in
chem, or CHEM 118; MATH 120 or ENAS 151; Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate
trackENAS 130 or equivalent; ENAS 194; PHYS 180, 181, 165L, 166L;
Environmental and Energy Geoscience trackphysics (PHYS 170, 171, or 180, 181, or
200, 201) or biology (BIOL 101 and 102, or MCDB 120; and BIOL 103 and 104, or
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E&EB 122, or G&G 125 and 126L); Paleontology and Geobiology trackBIOL 101104,
or MCDB 120 and E&EB 122; Solid Earth Science trackPHYS 170, 171, or 180, 181,
or 200, 201
Number of courses B.A.at least 9 courses beyond prereqs for letter grades (incl
senior req); B.S.Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate trackat least 11 courses, for 10
credits, beyond prereqs for letter grades (incl senior req); Environmental and Energy
Geoscience and Solid Earth Science tracksat least 11 courses beyond prereqs for letter
grades (incl senior req); Paleontology and Geobiology trackat least 13 courses, for 12
credits, beyond prereqs for letter grades (incl senior req)
Specific courses required B.A.G&G 205, 301; B.S.Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate
trackG&G 140, 141L, 322, 335; MENG 361; STAT 230 or 238 or MATH 222;
Environmental and Energy Geoscience track4 from G&G 205, 255, 274, 275, 301,
322, 362; Paleontology and Geobiology trackG&G 110 or 115, 111L, 125, 126L, 230 or
equivalent, 250, 255, STAT 101; Solid Earth Science track4 from G&G 290, 212, 220,
230 or equivalent, 301
Distribution of courses B.A.2 intro courses in G&G, with labs, as specified; 5 addtl
courses at 200 level or higher in G&G or related fields; B.S.Atmosphere, Ocean,
and Climate track1 intro course in G&G, with lab, as specified; 3 electives as
specified; Environmental and Energy Geoscience and Solid Earth Science tracks2 intro
courses in G&G, with labs, as specified; 4 electives as specified; Paleontology and
Geobiology track4 electives as specified
Substitution permitted All programswith DUS permission, higher-level courses for
prereqs or required courses
Senior requirement All programssenior essay (G&G 492) or, with permission of
faculty, two-term senior thesis (G&G 490, 491)
Courses
[ G&G 010, Earth, Resources, Energy, and the Environment ]
[ G&G 020, Origins of Everything ]
G&G 100a, Natural Disasters David Bercovici and Maureen Long
Natural events and their impact on humanity and the built environment. Earthquakes,
volcanoes, tsunamis, landslides, coastal flooding, tornadoes, hurricanes, and meteoritic
impacts. Hazard mitigation strategies. Consequences of global warming. SC
G&G 110a, Dynamic Earth Danny Rye
An introduction to the processes that shape Earth's environment through the
interactions of rocks, soils, the atmosphere, and the hydrosphere. Field trips and
practical sessions in the properties of natural materials. Topics include evolution
of landscapes; hydrologic and tectonic cycles; extreme geologic events such as
earthquakes, floods, volcanism, and landslides; society's economic dependence on
natural materials such as soils, minerals, and fossil fuels; and human influences on the
natural environment. SC
G&G 111La, Dynamic Earth Laboratory and Field Methods Danny Rye
Practical exercises in the laboratory and in the field to complement G&G 110 or 115.
Identification of minerals and rocks; construction of geologic maps and cross sections
to determine Earth-system processes and histories. Includes a field trip to the northern
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Appalachians during the October recess. After or concurrently with G&G 110, or after
G&G 115. SC Course cr
* G&G 115b / EVST 200b, Earth System Science Jeffrey Park
A survey of geoscience. Interaction of lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and
Earth's deep interior; natural controls on environment and climate in past, present,
and future; rocks, minerals, glaciers, earthquakes, and volcanoes; natural hazards and
natural resources. (Formerly G&G 200) SC
* G&G 125b / E&EB 125b, History of Life Derek Briggs
Examination of fossil and geologic evidence pertaining to the origin, evolution, and
history of life on Earth. Emphasis on major events in the history of life, on what the
fossil record reveals about the evolutionary process, on the diversity of ancient and
living organisms, and on the evolutionary impact of Earth's changing environment. SC
G&G 140a / EVST 201a, Atmosphere, Ocean, and Environmental Change Ronald
Smith
Physical processes that control Earth's atmosphere, ocean, and climate. Quantitative
methods for constructing energy and water budgets. Topics include clouds, rain, severe
storms, regional climate, the ozone layer, air pollution, ocean currents and productivity,
the seasons, El Nio, the history of Earth's climate, global warming, energy, and water
resources. Must be taken concurrently with EVST 202L. QR, SC
* G&G 141La / EVST 202La, Laboratory for Atmosphere, Ocean, and Environmental
Change Ronald Smith
Laboratory and field exercises to accompany EVST 201. Must be taken concurrently
with EVST 201. SC Course cr
* G&G 205b, Natural Resources and Their Sustainability Jay Ague
The formation and distribution of renewable and nonrenewable energy, mineral, and
water resources. Topics include the consequences of extraction and use; depletion and
the availability of substitutes; and economic and geopolitical issues. Recommended
preparation: introductory chemistry and geology. SC
G&G 211b / EVST 211b / HIST 143b / HSHM 211b, Catastrophe and the Earth Sciences
* G&G 212b, Global Tectonics Mark Brandon
The architecture of continents and oceans; detailed geology of lithospheric plate
margins and mountain chains. Examples of plate-interaction histories from the ancient
geological record emphasize the interdisciplinary approaches used to determine
interlinked Earth-system processes involving the mantle, crust, hydrosphere,
atmosphere, and biosphere. The course features a field trip during spring break.
Prerequisite: one course in G&G (preferably 100, 110, or 115), or permission of
instructor. Enrollment limited to 15. SC
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[ G&G 215, Global Warming: The Carbon Cycle ]

[ G&G 216, Global Warming: Climate Physics ]
[ G&G 220, Petrology and Mineralogy ]
G&G 232b, Paleoenvironments Noah Planavsky and Mark Brandon
Introduction to sedimentary rocks as paleoenvironmental archives. Reconstruction
of depositional environments and paleoclimatic conditions using geochemical and
sedimentological tools. Topics include sedimentology, stratigraphy, basin analysis,
diagenesis, and sedimentary geochemistry. Prerequisite: G&G 100, 110, or 115, or
permission of instructor. SC
[ G&G 235, Geomorphology and Surface Processes ]
[ G&G 240, Forensic Geoscience ]
G&G 247b / AMTH 247b / MATH 247b, Partial Differential Equations Stefan
Steinerberger
* G&G 261a / EVST 261a / F&ES 261a, Minerals and Human Health Ruth Blake
* G&G 274a, Fossil Fuels and Energy Transitions Michael Oristaglio
The origins, geologic settings, exploration, distribution, and extraction of fossil fuels
as finite Earth resources. Energy use today; transitions to future renewable resources.
Topical issues include peak oil, deep-water exploration, carbon sequestration, and
shale gas. Prerequisites: high school chemistry, mathematics, and Earth science.
Recommended preparation: G&G 110 or 205. SC
* G&G 275b, Renewable Energy Ronald Smith
Introduction to renewable energy, including physical principles, existing and emerging
technologies, and interaction with the environment. Energy demand; transmission and
storage; generation by hydroelectric, wind, solar, biofuel, and geothermal sources, as
well as waves and tidal generation. Includes field trips to conventional, hydroelectric,
and wind power facilities in Connecticut. Prerequisites: high school physics, chemistry,
and mathematics; college-level science, engineering, and mathematics recommended.
SC
[ G&G 280, Organic Geochemistry ]
[ G&G 290, Earthquakes and Volcanoes ]
* G&G 301a, Introduction to Geochemistry Mark Pagani
Basic principles of geochemistry and their use in geological science. Thermodynamics
of aqueous and igneous systems. Element fractionation and isotope geochemistry.
Biogeochemical cycles, geochronology, cosmochemistry. After CHEM 161, 165, or 167
(or CHEM 115 or 118), and MATH 115; G&G 220 recommended. QR, SC
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[ G&G 310, Isotope Geochemistry ]

[ G&G 312, Structural Geology ]
G&G 319a, Introduction to the Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials
Shun-ichiro Karato
Basic principles that control the physical and chemical properties of Earth materials.
Thermodynamics, equation of state, phase transformations, elastic properties and phase
diagrams. After CHEM 161, 165, or 167 (or CHEM 115), MATH 120, and PHYS 181, or
equivalents. QR, SC
G&G 322a, Physics of Weather and Climate Trude Storelvmo
The climatic system; survey of atmospheric behavior and climatic change;
meteorological measurements and analysis; formulation of physical principles
governing weather and climate with selected applications to small- and large-scale
phenomena. After PHYS 181 and MATH 120 or equivalents. QR, SC
[ G&G 323, Climate Dynamics ]
G&G 326b, Introduction to Earth and Planetary Physics Jun Korenaga
An introduction to the structure and dynamics of Earth and other planets in the context
of cosmic evolution. Review of basic physical principles and their applications to
geophysics and planetary physics. Star formation and nucleosynthesis; planetary
accretion and the birth of the solar system; heat flow, plate tectonics, and mantle
dynamics; seismology and geodesy; core dynamics, geomagnetism, and planetary
magnetism. Prerequisites: PHYS 181b and MATH 120a or b, or equivalents. QR, SC
G&G 327a / ENVE 327a / F&ES 327a, Atmospheric Chemistry Nadine Unger
G&G 335a, Physical Oceanography Alexey Fedorov
An introduction to ocean dynamics and physical processes controlling large-scale ocean
circulation, the Gulf Stream, wind-driven waves, tsunamis, tides, coastal upwelling,
and other phenomena. Modern observational, theoretical, and numerical techniques
used to study the ocean. The ocean's role in climate and global climate change. After
PHYS 181 and MATH 120 or equivalents, or with permission of instructor. QR, SC
G&G 350a, Thermodynamics of Mountain Belts Jay Ague
The fundamental principles governing the formation of metamorphic and igneous
rocks during mountain building. Topics include processes of heat and mass transfer
in orogenic belts, generation of igneous rocks in continental and subduction settings,
ultrahigh pressure and ultrahigh temperature metamorphism, spatial and temporal
patterns of petrologic processes throughout geologic time, and pressure-temperaturetime paths of metamorphic and igneous rocks. Prerequisites: G&G 220 or equivalent,
MATH 120, and CHEM 161, 165, or 167 (or CHEM 115, 118); or with permission of
instructor. SC RP
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G&G 355a, Extraordinary Glimpses of Past Life Derek Briggs

Study of exceptionally well-preserved fossil deposits (lagerstaetten) that contain
nonmineralized animal skeletons and casts of the soft parts of organisms. Examples
such as the Burgess Shale and Solnhofen limestones; what they can reveal about the
history and evolution of life, ancient lifestyles and environments, and preservational
processes. After G&G 230. SC
* G&G 362b / ARCG 362b / EVST 362b, Observing Earth from Space Ronald Smith
[ G&G 370, Regional Perspectives on Global Geoscience ]
* G&G 402b, Paleoclimates Mark Pagani
A study of the dynamic evolution of Earth's climate. Topics include warm (the
Cretaceous, the Eocene, the PETM, the Pliocene) and cold (the "snowball Earth")
climates of the past, glacial cycles, abrupt climate changes, the climate of the past
thousand years, and the climate of the twentieth century. After PHYS 181 and one
course in meteorology or oceanography, or with permission of instructor. SC
G&G 421b, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics David Bercovici
A survey of fluid dynamics, with applications to circulation in the ocean, atmosphere,
mantle, and core. Mathematical models illustrate the fundamental dynamical principles
of geophysical fluid phenomena such as convection, waves, boundary layers, flow
stability, turbulence, and large-scale flows. After or concurrently with MENG 361 or
equivalent and one course in meteorology or oceanography, or with permission of
instructor. QR, SC
G&G 428a / AMTH 428a / E&EB 428a / PHYS 428a, Science of Complex Systems
Jun Korenaga
[ G&G 450, Deformation of Earth Materials ]
[ G&G 456, Introduction to Seismology ]
* G&G 487a or b, Individual Study in Geology and Geophysics David Bercovici
Individual study for qualified undergraduates under faculty supervision. To register
for this course, each student must submit a written plan of study, approved by the
adviser, to the director of undergraduate studies. May be taken more than once for
credit. Course cr
German Studies
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* G&G 488a and G&G 489b, Research in Geology and Geophysics David Bercovici
Individual study for qualified juniors and seniors under faculty supervision. To register
for this course, each student must submit a written plan of study, approved by the
adviser, to the director of undergraduate studies.
* G&G 490a and G&G 491b, Research and Senior Thesis David Bercovici
Two terms of independent library, laboratory, field, or modeling-based research under
faculty supervision. To register for this course, each student must submit a written plan
of study, approved by a faculty adviser, to the director of undergraduate studies by the
end of the junior year. The plan requires approval of the full G&G faculty.
* G&G 492a or b, The Senior Essay David Bercovici
One term of independent library, laboratory, field, or modeling-based research under
faculty supervision. To register for this course, each student must submit a written plan
of study, approved by a faculty adviser, to the director of undergraduate studies at the
beginning of the term in which the essay is to be written.
German Studies
Students in the Class of 2017 and subsequent classes who are considering a major in
German Studies should refer to the program described under Germanic Languages and
Literatures (p. 369). Students in the Class of 2016 may complete the German Studies
major as described in previous editions of this bulletin (http://www.yale.edu/printer/
bulletin/archivepdffiles/YCPS), or, with permission of the director of undergraduate
studies, they may fulfill the requirements of the current German Studies major as
described under Germanic Languages and Literatures (p. 369).
Germanic Languages and Literatures

Director of undergraduate studies: Kirk Wetters, 305 WLH, 432-0782,
kirk.wetters@yale.edu; language program director: Theresa Schenker, 325 WLH,
432-0783, theresa.schenker@yale.edu; german.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GERMANIC LANGUAGES AND

LITERATURES
Professors Rdiger Campe (Chair), Carol Jacobs, Rainer Ngele, Paul North, Brigitte
Peucker, Henry Sussman (Visiting), Kirk Wetters
Senior Lector II Marion Gehlker
Senior Lectors Theresa Schenker, Howard Stern
Affiliated Faculty Jeffrey Alexander (Sociology), Seyla Benhabib (Political Science),
David Cameron (Political Science), Paul Franks (Philosophy, Judaic Studies), Karsten
Harries (Philosophy), Gundula Kreuzer (Music), Patrick McCreless (Music), Steven
Smith (Political Science), David Sorkin (History), Nicola Suthor (History of Art), J.
Adam Tooze (History), Katie Trumpener (Comparative Literature, English), Jay Winter
(History)
The major in German Studies covers a broad tradition of more than five centuries in
Switzerland, Austria, Germany, and neighboring lands. Students gain deep competence
in the German language while also reading great literature, analyzing distinctive
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artworks in many media, deducing intensive theories, and exploring political, linguistic,
and cultural history. The German faculty works closely with undergraduates to develop
their special areas of interest within these rich currents of German culture.
German language courses emphasize listening, speaking, reading, and writing in
interaction with authentic cultural materials. The curriculum also introduces students
to the basic questions and methods of literary criticism, with a focus on rigorous
reading practices for a wide range of works from different genres, disciplines, and
historical moments.
German Studies courses are diverse in their topics and highly relevant to other fields
of study today. Pioneers in philosophy, political theory, sociology, psychology, history,
classical philology, the visual arts, architecture, and music wrote and thought in
German, as did founders of the modern natural and practical sciences. Majors discover
Kant, Goethe, Beethoven, Einstein, Freud, Kafka, Arendt, and many other thinkers and
writers who laid the groundwork for modernity and still hold keys to understanding it.
Germany is the third-largest economy in the world, and German is spoken by over
80 million people worldwide. Students with a foundation in the language, literature,
history, and intellectual revolutions of Germany are prepared to enter a wide variety
of vocations. Majors have gone on to postgraduate study in Germany and the
United States, and many have entered top-tier law schools and graduate programs.
Recent graduates work in fields as diverse as environmental policy, journalism,
arts management, consulting, and engineering, as well as in governmental and
nongovernmental organizations and businesses.
Prerequisites Prerequisite to the major are first- and second-year German or the
equivalent.
The major The major in German Studies consists of ten term courses, including
three advanced language courses, four courses in an area of concentration, and
the senior essay. Students in the Class of 2016 majoring in German or German
Studies may complete the requirements of the major in place when they entered it, as
described in previous editions of this bulletin (http://www.yale.edu/printer/bulletin/
archivepdffiles/YCPS), or, with approval of the director of undergraduate studies, they
may complete the requirements of the German Studies major as described below.
All majors must complete one GMAN course numbered in the 150s, one in the 160s,
and one in the 170s, plus four additional advanced courses taught in German or in
translation. Four courses in an area of concentration must be numbered above GMAN
170. With permission of the director of undergraduate studies, two courses related to
German literature from other departments may be substituted for two required courses.
Areas of concentration Each German Studies major selects an area of concentration
from five possible choices: (1) literature, (2) media and media theory, (3) history and
politics, (4) critical thought, and (5) aesthetics and the arts. The literature concentration
gives students access to worlds of thought and action. Students learn to read critically
poetry, novels, plays, short stories, aphorisms, songs, and other genres. Courses
fulfilling the literature concentration include at least one course each in nineteenthand twentieth-century literature and two advanced courses taught in German. The
concentration in media and media theory explores a vibrant tradition of experimentation
371
in new cultural forms and media in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Students
investigate photography, radio, film, television, and computer media alongside
landmark works in media theory. The history and politics concentration focuses on
world-altering historical events and thought-altering theories of history from the
Germanic tradition. Students become familiar with explosive political and social
events, including the emancipation of the Jews and the Holocaust, the world wars,
unification and reunification, and concepts and models for development in economy,
social welfare, law, and environmental policies. The concentration in critical thought
focuses on traditions of theoretical reflection on society, history, art, and language.
Students become familiar with authors such as Kant, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Freud,
Benjamin, and Habermas. The aesthetics and the arts concentration surveys the rich
Germanic traditions in the visual and musical arts, as well as the philosophical study of
art beginning in eighteenth-century Germany.
Senior essay Seniors in the standard German Studies major enroll in GMAN 492,
a guided senior essay tutorial course. Students meet biweekly with the director of
undergraduate studies and staff, and work under the direction of a faculty adviser. The
culmination of the tutorial is an essay of approximately thirty pages that gives evidence
of careful reading and substantial independent thought. The essay may be written in
either English or German, although only native speakers are encouraged to write an
essay in German. Seniors typically write the essay during the fall term. A preliminary
statement indicating the general area to be addressed and the choice of adviser should
be submitted to the director of undergraduate studies by September 11, 2015; a threepage prospectus and a bibliography are due by September 25. A rough draft must be
submitted to the adviser by November 6. The completed essay, due on December 11, is
judged by the faculty adviser and a second reader.
Intensive major Requirements for the intensive major are the same as for the standard
major, except that the intensive major replaces one advanced seminar with a second
term of the senior essay. In the fall term seniors in the intensive major enroll in
GMAN 492 and begin work on their project under the guidance and supervision of
a faculty adviser. A significant portion of the research for the essay should involve
materials in German. The essay may be written in either English or German, although
only native speakers are encouraged to write an essay in German. A detailed prospectus,
no longer than three pages, and a bibliography must be submitted to the director of
undergraduate studies by October 23, 2015. The student must submit a draft of at least
fifteen pages of the essay by December 4 to receive credit for the first term of the course.
The second term, GMAN 493, is devoted to completing the essay, which should be
substantial (between fifty and sixty pages); the completed essay must be submitted by
April 15, 2016. The senior essay is judged by the faculty adviser and a second reader.
Group A courses Courses in Group A (GMAN 110169) include elementary,
intermediate, and advanced language courses.
Group B courses Courses in Group B (GMAN 170 and above) are advanced courses
and count toward the major. Readings are in German, and the language of instruction
is usually German.
Group C courses Courses in Group C are conducted in English with texts in
translation.
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Graduate courses Courses in the Graduate School are open to undergraduates with
permission of the instructor and of the directors of undergraduate and graduate studies.
Course descriptions may be obtained on the German department Web site (http://
german.yale.edu) or from the office of the director of graduate studies.
Advising Candidates for the major in German Studies should consult the director of
Study abroad Students are strongly encouraged to study in Germany for a summer,
or for one or two terms on the Year or Term Abroad program. Appropriate course
credit toward the major is granted for work in approved programs in Germany. Study
abroad is valuable not only for achieving comfortable fluency in German, but also
for gaining firsthand knowledge of the German cultural context. The department
offers diverse opportunities for study abroad and a scholarship program for summer
courses at German universities. Members of the faculty advise and consult with any
students wishing to plan study in Germany. Students who have been approved to
study abroad and who receive financial aid from Yale are eligible for aid while abroad.
For information about the Year or Term Abroad program, see section K, Special
Arrangements (p. 65), in the Academic Regulations. Students who study abroad for
one term may count up to two courses toward the major, with approval of the director
of undergraduate studies. Students who study abroad for an academic year may count
up to four courses toward the major, with approval of the director of undergraduate
studies.
Placement An online placement examination will be accessible July 1 through
August 15, 2015. See the departmental Web site (http://german.yale.edu/academics/
undergraduate-program/language-program/placement-test) for details. Students
wishing to take the placement exam in January should sign up with the language
director by December 4, 2015. Students may also consult with the director of
undergraduate studies or the language director for advice about placement and about
language study. Regardless of previous German study, students without a score of 5 on
the German Advanced Placement test must take the departmental placement exam in
order to enroll in any course above GMAN 110 or 125.

Prerequisites First- and second-year German or equivalent.
Number of courses 10 (incl senior req)
Distribution of courses 1 GMAN course in the 150s, 1 in the 160s, and 1 in the 170s;
4 courses in area of concentration numbered above GMAN 170; 4 addtl advanced
courses taught in German or in translation; Literature concentrationat least 1 course
each in 19th- and 20th-century literature; 2 advanced courses taught in German
Substitution permitted With DUS approval, courses taken on Year or Term Abroad
for other courses in major and up to 2 lit courses from other depts
Senior requirement Senior essay tutorial (GMAN 492)
Intensive major Two-term senior essay (GMAN 492 and 493)
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Group A Courses
* GMAN 110a or b, Elementary German I Staff
A beginning content- and task-based course that focuses on the acquisition of spoken
and written communication skills, as well as on the development of cultural awareness
and of foundations in grammar and vocabulary. Topics such as school, family life,
and housing. Course materials include a variety of authentic readings, a feature
film, and shorter video clips. Tutors are available for extra help. To be followed by
GMAN 120. Enrollment limited to 14 per section. Credit only on completion of
GMAN 120. Students must preregister through Preference Selection during the online
preregistration period. Details and a link to Preference Selection are provided on the
German department Web site at http://german.yale.edu. L1 1 Course cr
GMAN 120a or b, Elementary German II Staff
Continuation of GMAN 110. A content- and task-based course that focuses on
the acquisition of communicative competence in speaking and writing and on the
development of strong cultural awareness. Topics such as multiculturalism, food,
childhood, and travel; units on Switzerland and Austria. Course materials include
a variety of authentic readings, a feature film, and shorter video clips. Tutors are
available for extra help. To be followed by GMAN 130. Enrollment limited to 14 per
section. Students must preregister through Preference Selection during the online
GMAN 125a, Intensive German I Howard Stern
Intensive training in speaking, reading, writing, and comprehending the language.
Focus on the mastery of formal grammar. For beginning students of superior linguistic
ability. L1, L2 2 Course cr
GMAN 130a or b, Intermediate German I Staff
Builds on and expands knowledge acquired in GMAN 120. A content- and task-based
course that helps students improve their oral and written linguistic skills and their
cultural awareness through a variety of materials related to German literature, culture,
history, and politics. Course materials include authentic readings, a feature film, and
shorter video clips. Tutors are available for extra help. After GMAN 120 or according
to placement examination. Followed by GMAN 140. Enrollment limited to 14 per
GMAN 140a or b, Intermediate German II Staff
Builds on and expands knowledge acquired in GMAN 130. A content- and task-based
course that helps students improve their oral and written linguistic skills and their
cultural awareness through a variety of materials related to German literature, culture,
history, and politics. Course materials include authentic readings, a feature film, and
shorter video clips. Tutors are available for extra help. After GMAN 130 or according
to placement examination. Normally followed by GMAN 150 or, with permission of
the director of undergraduate studies, by GMAN 171. Enrollment limited to 14 per
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GMAN 145b, Intensive German II Howard Stern

Continuation of GMAN 125. Focus on speaking, writing, and the conversion of
grammatical knowledge into reading competence for literary and scholarly purposes.
Prerequisite: GMAN 125. L3, L4 RP 2 Course cr
* GMAN 150a or b, Advanced German I Marion Gehlker
An advanced language course intended to improve students' proficiency in aural and
reading comprehension, as well as in speaking and writing. Discussion of literary
texts by major German authors. Emphasis on vocabulary expansion with specialized
grammatical review and a focus on stylistic development in students' writing.
Recommended for students planning to use the language practically and as preparation
for higher-level courses in both language and literature. After GMAN 140 or 145.
For entering students with a score of 5 on the German Advanced Placement test, or
according to results of the placement examination. Students must preregister through
Preference Selection during the online preregistration period. Details and a link to
Preference Selection are provided on the German department Web site at http://
german.yale.edu. L5
GMAN 160b, German Culture, History, and Politics in Text and Film Theresa
Schenker
An advanced language course focused on improving upper-level language skills through
the discussion of selected aspects of post-1945 German culture, politics, and history in
literary and nonliterary texts and film. Includes oral and written assignments with an
emphasis on vocabulary building and increased cultural awareness. After GMAN 140,
145, or 150. L5, HU
* GMAN 162a, Contemporary German Culture Theresa Schenker
Analysis and discussion of current social and cultural trends. Topics drawn from
newspapers, films, TV series, cabaret, short literary texts, and talks. Focus on oral and
written production to improve upper-level linguistic skills. Prerequisite: GMAN 150, or
with permission of instructor. May not be taken for credit after GMAN 168. L5, HU
Group B Courses
* GMAN 172b, Introduction to German Theater Jason Kavett
An advanced language course that addresses key authors and works of the German
theatrical tradition. Refinement of skills in reading comprehension, writing, and
speaking. Authors include Lessing, Goethe, Schiller, Kleist, Bchner, Hebbel,
Wedekind, Brecht, and Mller. L5, HU
* GMAN 173a, Introduction to German Lyric Poetry Sophie Elisa Ronzheimer
The German lyric tradition, including classic works by Goethe, Schiller, Hlderlin,
Eichendorff, Heine, Mrike, Droste-Hlshoff, Rilke, George, Brecht, Trakl, Celan,
Bachmann, and Jandl. Attention to the German Lied (art song). Development of
advanced reading, writing, speaking, and translation skills. Prerequisite: GMAN 150 or
equivalent. L5, HU
Group C Courses
Unless otherwise indicated, courses in this group are conducted in English with both
readings and discussion in English. The courses are open to all students in Yale College.
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* GMAN 226a / LITR 218a, Faust Jan Hagens

The development of the Faust motif through time, from the period of the Renaissance
and the Reformation to the twentieth century. Readings from the English adaptation
of the original German chapbook and from works by Marlowe, Ben Johnson, Goethe,
Wilde, Bulgakov, and Thomas Mann. Screenings of films with a Faustian theme. HU
* GMAN 240a / LITR 226a, German Modernism Henry Sussman
Introduction to the radical innovations of modernism as it was forged, received,
and revised in German-speaking Europe from c. 1880 to 1945. Literary experiments
in dissonance and multifaceted suggestion; strategies in criticism and elucidation
demanded by modernist works. Some attention to parallels in painting and music.
Readings in English translation. Priority to German Studies majors. HU RP
* GMAN 276a / LITR 423a, Satire, Irony, and Parody Paul North
The uses and abuses of satire, irony, and parody as literary modes for social critique.
Examination of the historical claim that antiquity uses satire, the romantic period uses
irony, and the modernist period to the present uses parody for the purposes of critique.
Readings include German and Austrian literature written from the eighteenth to the
twenty-first centuries and classic works in the ancient Greek, Roman, English, Spanish,
and American traditions. HU
GMAN 311b / LITR 215b, The Age of Goethe Staff
Introduction to Germany's "classical" period, from the 1790s to the 1830s, with
attention to literature, philosophy, art, and culture. The close connection between
literature and philosophy of the period; the theoretical foundations of European
Romanticism and of later backlashes against it. Some attention to twentieth-century
theory. WR, HU
* GMAN 326a / LITR 248a, Franz Kafka and Thomas Mann Jan Hagens
Comparison of Kafka's radical modernism and Mann's neoclassical realism as
fundamentally different modes of responding to the challenges of twentieth-century
culture. Close reading of short stories by both writers, with attention to the authors'
themes, literary techniques, and worldviews. Discussion in English; readings in
German or English. HU
* GMAN 327b / LITR 229b, Around Kafka Henry Sussman
Franz Kafka's writings viewed as a site for the radical questioning and dislocation of
Western systems, institutions, and mores of the early twentieth century. Attention to
the shorter fiction, the novels, the letters, and their strategic interrelations; examination
of the fields of knowledge, ideological presumptions, and aesthetic and cultural
experiments that Kafka touched, and to some degree deranged, with his writing. HU
Tr
* GMAN 333b / LITR 198b, Medieval German Lyric Staff
Introduction to courtly poetry of the German High Middle Ages, from the twelfth
through thirteenth centuries. Focus on the woman's voice as a performance device
in the lyric of major artists. The language and formal conventions of lyric subgenres;
development of the woman's role in the lyric of other European cultures. Readings and
discussion in English; texts available in the original Middle High German. HU
* GMAN 345b / LITR 344b, Fiction and Knowledge Carol Jacobs
Fiction and related prose pieces in which the relationships between narration, fiction,
understanding, and knowing play a critical role. Focus on works by Western writers
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of the nineteenth through the twenty-first century. The texts' theoretical implications
and implicit self-definitions; the import of concepts such as truth, fiction, selfconsciousness, perception, science, and narrative. Readings and discussion in English;
texts available in the original German or French. HU Tr
* GMAN 357b / LITR 433b / PHIL 225b, Nietzsche and His Readers Paul North
Reading and discussion of Friedrich Nietzsche's major texts, as well as critiques and
interpretations by some of his most influential twentieth-century readers. HU
* GMAN 358a / JDST 345a / LITR 416a, Georg Lukcs: Literature and Politics
Hannan Hever
Literary-critical, aesthetic, political, and theoretical writings of Georg Lukcs. Lukcs
as a Jewish thinker and Marxist critic; the development of his thought against the
backdrop of twentieth-century history; his influence and reception in Germany, Israel,
Austria, the United States, and the Soviet Union. HU
* GMAN 362a / LITR 468a, The Question of Form Carol Jacobs
The concept of art in relation to form and deformation. The Platonic tradition in
The Republic and echoed in twentieth-century philosophy (Cassirer and Heidegger),
modern literature (Keats, Hardy, Kleist, Poe, Kafka), and film (Godard, Egoyan,
Dreyer, Sun Zhou, Wong Kar Wai). HU
* GMAN 364b / LITR 429b, Illegitimacy Kirk Wetters
Theoretical exploration of legitimacy as a fundamental historical, legal, and political
concept; works by Weber, Schmitt, Blumenberg, and Luhmann. Literary readings on
illegitimacy in the specific sense "born out of wedlock"; authors include Shakespeare,
Goethe, Kleist, Dostoevsky, and Gide. Discussion in English; readings in German or
English. HU, SO
* GMAN 369b / FILM 358b / LITR 427b, Text and Image: The Double of
* GMAN 374b / LITR 307b, Walter Benjamin and the Modernization of NineteenthCentury Paris Henry Sussman
The radical modernization of Paris under the Second Empire (185170) as seen through
the eyes of Walter Benjamin. Focus on Benjamin's Arcades Project, a compendium
that charted developments such as Parisian mass transit and streamlined traffic, the
construction of apartment houses, and the dissemination of mass media. Readings from
other literary texts on the same events include works by Balzac, Zola, and Aragon. HU
GMAN 381b / PHIL 204b, Kant's Critique of Pure Reason Paul Franks
An examination of the metaphysical and epistemological doctrines of Kant's Critique of
Pure Reason. PHIL 126 or DRST 004 HU
* GMAN 416a / LITR 430a, Novels of the Institution Rdiger Campe
Close reading of novels of institutionsschool, law court, administration, hospital
from c. 1900. The shift of focus from the individual to the institution; consequences
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of this shift for the concept and form of the novel. Works by R. Walser, Joyce, Kafka,
Musil, and Thomas Mann; readings in social and aesthetic theory by Simmel, Lukcs,
and Benjamin. Discussion in English; readings in German and English. HU
* GMAN 456a / LITR 456a, Interpretation and Authority Carol Jacobs
Close readings of works on problems of authority and interpretation by Sigmund
Freud, Roland Barthes, Paul de Man, and Walter Benjamin. Exploration of their writing
as a performance that questions simplistic notions of truth. Consideration of the
problem of how to interpret texts that unsettle the very nature of interpretation. HU
Reading Courses
* GMAN 100a, German for Reading Marion Gehlker
Students learn the skills with which to read German-language texts of any difficulty
with some fluency. Study of syntax and grammar; practice in close reading and
translation of fiction and expository prose in the humanities and sciences. Conducted in
English. Does not satisfy the language distributional requirement.
Senior Courses
* GMAN 478a or b, Directed Readings or Individual Research in Germanic Languages
and Literatures Kirk Wetters
Individual study under faculty supervision. Applicants must submit a prospectus
and bibliography approved by the faculty adviser to the director of undergraduate
studies. The student meets with the adviser at least one hour each week and takes a
final examination or writes a term paper. No credit granted without prior approval of
* GMAN 492a and GMAN 493b, The Senior Essay Tutorial Kirk Wetters
Preparation of an original essay under the direction of a faculty adviser.
Global Affairs
Director of undergraduate studies: Susan Hyde, 101 Horchow Hall, 432-3418;
jackson.yale.edu/ba-degree
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF GLOBAL AFFAIRS

Professors Julia Adams (Sociology), Elizabeth Bradley (Public Health), John Gaddis
(History), Jeffrey Garten (School of Management), Jacob Hacker (Political Science),
Oona Hathaway (Law School), Phil Haun (Adjunct) (Aerospace Studies), Stathis Kalyvas
(Political Science), Paul Kennedy (History), James Levinsohn (Director) (School of
Management), Ellen Lust (Political Science), Mushfiq Mobarak (School of Management),
Nicoli Nattrass (Visiting), Catherine Panter-Brick (Anthropology), W. Michael Reisman
(Law School), Susan Rose-Ackerman (Political Science, Law School), Peter Schott
(School of Management), Ian Shapiro (Political Science), Timothy Snyder (History), Aleh
Tsyvinski (Economics), Christopher Udry (Economics), Steven Wilkinson (Political
Science), Elisabeth Wood (Political Science), Ernesto Zedillo (Center for the Study of
Globalization)
Associate Professors Costas Arkolakis (Economics), Patrick Cohrs (History), Ana De La
O (Political Science), Alexandre Debs (Political Science), Susan Hyde (Political Science),
378
Kaveh Khoshnood (Public Health), Jason Lyall (Political Science), Nuno Monteiro
(Political Science), Nancy Qian (Economics)
Assistant Professors David Atkin (Economics), Kate Baldwin (Political Science), Pia
Rebello Britto (Child Study Center), Lorenzo Caliendo (School of Management), Lloyd
Grieger (Sociology), Daniel Keniston (Economics), Adria Lawrence (Political Science),
Thania Sanchez (Political Science), Tariq Thachil (Political Science), Jonathan Wyrtzen
(Sociology)
Senior Lecturers Charles Hill (Humanities), Douglas McKee (Economics), Justin
Thomas
Lecturers Jasmina Besirevic-Regan (Sociology), Michael Boozer (Economics), Leslie
Curry (Public Health), Robert Hopkins, Matthew Kocher (Political Science), Jean
Krasno, Christine Leah (International Security Studies), John Negroponte, Michael
Skonieczny (Public Health), Sean Smith, Edward Wittenstein
Senior Fellows Sigridur Benediktsdottir, David Brooks, Unni Karunakara, Michele
Malvesti, Stanley McChrystal, Stephen Roach, Emma Sky
The Global Affairs major, administered by the Jackson Institute for Global Affairs,
prepares Yale students for global citizenship and leadership by enhancing their
understanding of the world around them. Students in this interdisciplinary major
develop expertise in contemporary global affairs that is strongly grounded in the social
sciences.
Most Global Affairs courses are open to both majors and nonmajors. If a Global Affairs
course requires an application, the application will be posted on the Jackson Institute
Web site (http://jackson.yale.edu/courses-2).
Students in the Global Affairs major concentrate their course work in one of two
tracks. The International Development track focuses on economic development and
poverty, including global public health, in all but the world's wealthiest countries.
The International Security track focuses on international relations, foreign policy, and
diplomacy and includes topics relevant to national and human security. All majors are
required to take a core course in each track and complete at least five additional courses
in a single track.
Prerequisites There are no prerequisites for the Global Affairs major. However,
students interested in applying to the major are encouraged to complete the
introductory economics sequence and work toward the foreign language requirement
early in their course planning.
Requirements of the major Twelve term courses are required for the major in
addition to a foreign language requirement. Introductory courses in microeconomics
(ECON 108, 110, or 115) and macroeconomics (ECON 111 or 116) are required for both
tracks. All majors must take the core courses GLBL 225 and GLBL 275, and they must
complete GLBL 121 prior to taking GLBL 225. Majors also take one research design
course approved by the director of undergraduate studies.
Majors in the International Development track take intermediate microeconomics
(ECON 121 or 125) and four electives in their area of concentration. Those in the
International Security track take five electives in their area of concentration. Electives
Global Affairs
379
must be chosen from an approved group of courses in Global Affairs, History

(p. 394), Political Science (p. 561), Economics (p. 249), and other social
science departments. For information about which courses qualify as electives within
each track, see the Jackson Institute Web site (http://jackson.yale.edu/global-affairsmajor) and the course listings in this bulletin.
Language requirement Global Affairs majors are required to take a course designated
L5 in a modern language. In exceptional cases, a demonstration of proficiency can fulfill
this requirement.
Senior requirement In the fall term of the senior year, majors must complete a
capstone project in GLBL 499. Small groups of students are each assigned to a
policy task force in which they apply their academic training in the social sciences
to a specific problem relevant to global affairs. Each task force presents its findings
and recommendations to a real-world client such as a government agency, a
nongovernmental organization or nonprofit group, or a private-sector organization in
the United States or abroad.
Application to the major Students apply to the Global Affairs major in the fall of
the sophomore year. The number of students accepted into the major is limited,
and selection is competitive. The call for applications is posted each year on the
Jackson Institute Web site (http://jackson.yale.edu/admission), circulated through
the residential college deans' offices, and noted on the Sophomore Web site (http://
sophomore.yalecollege.yale.edu). For application information, visit the Jackson
Institute Web site (http://jackson.yale.edu/admission).
Credit/D/Fail Courses taken Credit/D/Fail may not be applied to the requirements of
the major, with the exception that a grade of Credit in an L5 language course may be
used to demonstrate proficiency in a foreign language.
Study abroad Global Affairs majors who plan to study abroad should consult the
director of student affairs, Cristin Siebert (cristin.siebert@yale.edu), to devise a course
of study prior to the term abroad.
Internships Students in the major are encouraged to take a summer internship in the
field of global affairs after their junior year. The Jackson Institute's Career Services
Office can help students find appropriate internships.

Prerequisites None
Number of courses 12 (incl senior req; excluding lang req)
Specific courses required Both tracksECON 108, 110, or 115; ECON 111 or 116;
GLBL 121, 225, 275; International Development trackECON 121 or 125
Distribution of courses Both tracks1 course in research design; International
Development track4 approved electives; International Security track5 approved
electives
Language requirement Advanced ability (L5) in 1 modern lang other than English
Senior requirement Senior capstone project in GLBL 499
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Courses
GLBL 101a, Gateway to Global Affairs Michele Malvesti
Introduction to critical thinking about current international issues. Guest lecturers lead
a series of modules, each on a global affairs topic in their area of expertise. Students
learn to frame policy questions and write policy memos while examining competing
points of view. Topics vary from year to year. SO
Global Affairs: Development
Global Affairs: Security
GLBL 121a or b, Applied Quantitative Analysis Justin Thomas
Mathematical fundamentals that underlie analytical approaches in public policy and the
social sciences. Development of mathematical skills in areas such as linear functions,
single and multiple variable differentiation, exponential functions, and optimization.
Statistical approaches include descriptive statistics, principles of sampling, hypothesis
tests, simple linear regression, multiple regression, and models for analyzing categorical
outcomes. QR
* GLBL 186b / AFST 389b / MMES 181b / PLSC 389b, Middle East Exceptionalism
Adria Lawrence
Global Affairs: Research
* GLBL 188a, Research Design for Global Affairs Katharine Baldwin
Introduction to the methods used by social scientists to generate and answer questions
about the world. How to formulate hypotheses about general concepts, design research
projects to test hypotheses, and collect diverse types of data. Tools for designing
an original research project or conducting a systematic evaluation of a program.
Prerequisite: GLBL 121.
* GLBL 189a / HLTH 325a / LAST 416a, Methods and Ethics in Global Health
Research Leslie Curry
Introduction to research methods in global health that recognize the influence of
political, economic, social, and cultural factors. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixedmethod approaches; ethical aspects of conducting research in resource-constrained
settings; the process of obtaining human subjects' approval. Students develop
proposals for short-term global health research projects conducted in resourceconstrained settings. SO RP
Global Affairs: Research
* GLBL 191a, Research Design and Survey Analysis Justin Thomas
Introduction to research design through the analysis of survey data. Policy and
management issues explored using data from the United States as well as from several
developing countries. A bridge between the theory of statistics/econometrics and the
practice of social science research. Use of the statistical package Stata. Prerequisites:
GLBL 121 or equivalent, and an introductory course in statistics or econometrics. SO
* GLBL 225b, Approaches to International Development Daniel Keniston
The unique set of challenges faced by households in developing countries, and the
economic theories that have been developed to understand them. Health, education,
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381
and discrimination against women in the household; income generation, savings, and
credit; institutions, foreign aid, and conflict. Recent econometric techniques applied
to investigate the underlying causes of poverty and the effectiveness of development
programs. Enrollment limited to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Prerequisite: GLBL
121. QR, SO
GLBL 234b / ECON 184b, International Economics Peter Schott
Introduction to conceptual tools useful for understanding the strategic choices made
by countries, firms, and unions in a globalized world. After two terms of introductory
economics. SO
GLBL 237a / ECON 185a, Debates in Macroeconomics Stephen Roach and Aleh
Tsyvinski
Introduction to current theoretical and practical debates in macroeconomics. Inclass debates between the instructors on topics such as economic crises, fiscal and
monetary policy, inflation, debt, and financial regulations. Prerequisites: introductory
microeconomics and macroeconomics. SO
* GLBL 243a / AFST 347a / EP&E 484a / LAST 348a / PLSC 347a, Post-Conflict
GLBL 247b / PLSC 128b, Development under Fire Jason Lyall
The recent emergence of foreign assistance as a tool of counterinsurgency and postconflict reconciliation. Evaluation of the effects of aid in settings such as Afghanistan,
Iraq, Colombia, and the Philippines. Examination of both theory and practice of
conducting development work in the shadow of violence. Strengths and weaknesses of
different evaluation methods, including randomized control trials (RCTs) and survey
experiments. SO
* GLBL 275a or b, Approaches to International Security Staff
Central topics and major approaches in the contemporary academic study of
international security. Focus on the use of violence among and within states by both
state and nonstate actors. Analysis of the potential and the shortcomings of current
theoretical and empirical work. Not open to freshmen. Priority to Global Affairs majors.
SO
GLBL 281a / HIST 221a, Military History of the West since 1500 Paul Kennedy
382
* GLBL 283b, Power, Strategy, and Security in the Asia-Pacific Region Staff
Introduction to international security issues currently facing the Asia-Pacific region,
including prospects for their management and resolution. SO
* GLBL 302b / ECON 452b / EP&E 300b, Contemporary Issues in Energy Policy
Ioannis Kessides
* GLBL 307b / ECON 467b, Economic Evolution of the Latin American and Caribbean
* GLBL 310b / ECON 407b, International Finance Konstantinos Arkolakis
A study of how consumers and firms are affected by the globalization of the world
economy. Topics include trade costs, the current account, exchange rate pass-through,
international macroeconomic co-movement, multinational production, and gains from
globalization. Prerequisite: intermediate macroeconomics or equivalent. SO
* GLBL 312b / EAST 454b / ECON 474b, Economic and Policy Lessons from Japan
Stephen Roach
* GLBL 313a / AFST 360a / ECON 487a / EP&E 365a / PLSC 417a, The Political
* GLBL 316b / ECON 462b / EP&E 228b / LAST 410b, The Economics of Human
Global Affairs
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GLBL 318a / EAST 338a / ECON 338a, The Next China Stephen Roach
* GLBL 325a / ECON 469a / EP&E 470a, Health Inequality and Development Staff
* GLBL 330a / ECON 465a / EP&E 224a, Debating Globalization Ernesto Zedillo
* GLBL 333a / EP&E 240a / PLSC 428a, Comparative Welfare Policy in Developing
* GLBL 336b / EP&E 243b / LAST 423b / PLSC 423b, Political Economy of Poverty
politics. SO
* GLBL 338b / EP&E 294b / PLSC 457b, Social Welfare and Nongovernmental
public goods. SO
* GLBL 339b / PLSC 383b, Political Parties in the Developing World Tariq Thachil
Introduction to key issues surrounding political parties and party systems, with
emphasis on the non-Western world. The formation of different kinds of parties;
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ways in which political parties seek to forge links with ordinary citizens; the effects of
parties' competition on democratic institutions. Examples drawn from countries in
Latin America, Asia, the Middle East, and sub-Saharan Africa. SO
* GLBL 345b, Humility David Brooks
Traditions of modesty and humility in character building and political leadership.
Contemporary understandings of character and character building. The premise that
human beings are blessed with many talents but are also burdened by sinfulness,
ignorance, and weakness. The concept of humility in works by and about Homer,
Moses, Augustine, Montaigne, Burke, Niebuhr, Martin Luther King, Jr., and others.
HU
* GLBL 361a / PLSC 436a, Violence: State and Society Matthew Kocher
* GLBL 362b / AFST 373b / MMES 282b / SOCY 339b, Imperialism, Insurgency, and
* GLBL 369a, Transatlantic Relations since 1989 Jolyon Howorth
The shifting relations between the United States and the European Union since the
end of the Cold War. Root causes of convergence and divergence; political and security
relations; economic and trade relations; sociocultural issues. SO
* GLBL 380a / PLSC 429a, Political Violence Stathis Kalyvas
A survey of research on the phenomenon of political violence, including riots, political
assassinations, military coups, terrorism, civil wars, and certain types of organized
crime. Connections between different forms of political violence; ways in which the rise
and decline of each form shape the presence or absence of others. SO
* GLBL 386a, The Politics of Human Rights Law Thania Sanchez
The effects of international efforts to promote respect for human rights. Analysis
of policy tools used by states, international organizations, and nongovernmental
organizations to promote human rights work, including advocacy, law, sanctions, trade,
aid, justice mechanisms, and diplomacy. Focus on issues such as genocide, torture,
women's rights, children's rights, and civil and political rights. WR, SO
* GLBL 388a, The Politics of Foreign Policy Howard Dean
Domestic political considerations that have affected U.S. foreign policy since World
War II. Historical and modern case studies include the Marshall Plan, the Bay of Pigs
Global Health Studies
385
and Cuban missile crisis, the Vietnam War, the opening of China, the Iran hostage
crisis, the collapse of the USSR, the Iraq War, and the Keystone pipeline. SO
* GLBL 390b, Cybersecurity, Cyberwar, and International Relations Edward
Wittenstein
Analysis of international cyberrelations. Topics include cybercrime, cyberespionage,
cyberwar, and cybergovernance. Readings from academic and government sources in
the fields of history, law, political science, and sociology. SO
* GLBL 392a, Intelligence, Espionage, and American Foreign Policy John
Negroponte and Edward Wittenstein
The discipline, theory, and practice of intelligence; the relationship of intelligence to
American foreign policy and national security decision-making. Study of the tools
available to analyze international affairs and to communicate that analysis to senior
policymakers. Case studies of intelligence successes and failures from World War II to
the present.
* GLBL 393b / ANTH 386b, Humanitarian Interventions: Ethics, Politics, and Health
practitioners. SO
* GLBL 450a or b, Directed Research Staff
Independent research under the direction of a faculty member on a special topic in
global affairs not covered in other courses. Permission of the director of undergraduate
studies and of the instructor directing the research is required.
* GLBL 499a, Senior Capstone Project Staff
Students work in small task-force groups and complete a one-term public policy
project under the guidance of a faculty member. Clients for the projects are drawn
from government agencies, nongovernmental organizations and nonprofit groups, and
private sector organizations in the United States and abroad. Projects and clients vary
from year to year. Fulfills the capstone project requirement for the Global Affairs major.

Program director: Elizabeth Bradley, LEPH 300A, 785-2937; program adviser: Kaveh
Khoshnood, LEPH 405, 785-2920; globalhealthstudies@yale.edu; ghi.yale.edu
GLOBAL HEALTH STUDIES ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Rene Almeling (Sociology), Elizabeth Bradley (Chair) (Public Health), Ivano Dal Prete
(History), Mayur Desai (Public Health), Jane Edwards (Yale College Dean's Office),
Marcia Inhorn (Anthropology), Kaveh Khoshnood (Public Health), Stephen Latham
(Political Science), Catherine Panter-Brick (Anthropology), Joanna Radin (History of
Medicine), Mark Saltzman (Biomedical Engineering), Michael Skonieczny (Yale Global
Health Leadership Institute), Stephen Stearns (Ecology & Evolutionary Biology), Kristina
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Talbert-Slagle (Public Health), Christian Tschudi (Public Health), Paul Turner (Ecology
& Evolutionary Biology), John Wargo (Forestry & Environmental Studies)
Issues related to health are among the most important challenges facing societies,
both domestically and globally. Finding solutions to health-related problems requires
multidisciplinary comprehension of all dimensions of health, including biological and
social determinants, economics and politics of health care systems and health care
delivery, and ways in which health is understood by individuals, societies, and cultures.
The Global Health Studies program facilitates global health education for
undergraduates at Yale. Although not a major, the program offers courses through
an interdisciplinary framework that brings together the natural sciences, the social
sciences, and the humanities. Students choose a major in another department or
program and expand their discipline with elective courses offered by Global Health
Studies. Within their major, students may elect interdisciplinary concentrations and
global health tracks to pursue an area of study that crosses conventional disciplinary
and departmental boundaries. For details about course work, students should consult
the director of undergraduate studies in their major.
Students desiring greater depth in the field are encouraged to apply to be a Global
Health Fellow (http://globalhealth.yale.edu/gh-fellows). Global Health Fellows are
usually selected in the fall of their sophomore year although, in exceptional cases,
juniors may also be accepted. Fellows complete an interdisciplinary course of study
that includes required and elective courses and fieldwork (e.g., internships with NGOs,
or field-based research either with faculty or independently with faculty guidance).
In the summer after the junior year, fellows conduct their own independent global
health fieldwork, for which they receive support in the form of course work, designated
funding, and mentorship from an assigned global health faculty adviser. During their
senior year, fellows are expected to incorporate their global health fieldwork and
classroom experiences into their senior requirement and to develop a publicationworthy written product.
To assist students in connecting classroom knowledge and skills with practical work
in global health, the Global Health Studies program supports fellowships (http://
globalhealth.yale.edu/fellowships) such as the Yale GHI: Field Experience Award,
the Yale-Collaborative Action Project (Y-CAP), and the Yale College Fellowship for
Research in Health Studies.
Qualified students may take graduate courses at the School of Public Health, subject
to restrictions on graduate and professional school enrollment (p. 70) described in the
Academic Regulations. Further information about these courses and other graduate
offerings can be found in the School of Public Health bulletin (http://www.yale.edu/
printer/bulletin/htmlfiles/publichealth). For information about the five-year B.A.
B.S./M.P.H. degree program offered jointly with the School of Public Health, see
under Public Health (p. 593).
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Global Health Studies Courses

* HLTH 081a, Current Issues in Medicine and Public Health Robert Bazell
Analysis of issues in public health and medicine that get extensive media attention
and provoke policy debates. Topics include vaccination, the value of cancer screening
and genetic testing, determinants of a healthy lifestyle, the U.S. role in global health,
and the cost of health care. Enrollment limited to freshmen with a score of 4 or 5 on
the Advanced Placement examination in Biology or the equivalent. Preregistration
required; see under Freshman Seminar Program.
HLTH 140b / DEVN 197b / SOCY 126b, Health of the Public: Medicine and Disease in
* HLTH 155a / E&EB 106a / MCDB 106a, Biology of Malaria, Lyme, and Other
insects; special focus on malaria and Lyme disease. Biology of the pathogens including
modes of transmission and establishment of infection; immune responses and the
associated challenges to prevention and treatment. Intended for nonscience majors;
preference to freshmen and sophomores. Prerequisite: high school biology. SC
HLTH 230a, Global Health: Challenges and Responses Richard Skolnik
Overview of the determinants of health and how health status is measured, with
emphasis on low- and middle-income countries. The burden of disease, including
who is most affected by different diseases and risk factors; cost-effective measures
for addressing the problem. The health of the poor, equity and inequality, and the
relationship between health and development. WR, SO
HLTH 240b, Epidemiology and Public Health Marney White
A general introduction to epidemiology and the field of public health. Methods of
epidemiological investigation, research, and practice. Emphasis on study design and
the skills necessary for the conduct of mentored field research. Priority to Global Health
Fellows.
* HLTH 250a / E&EB 235a, Evolution and Medicine Stephen Stearns
Introduction to the ways in which evolutionary science informs medical research and
clinical practice. Diseases of civilization and their relation to humans' evolutionary past;
the evolution of human defense mechanisms; antibiotic resistance and virulence in
pathogens; cancer as an evolutionary process. Students view course lectures on line;
class time focuses on discussion of lecture topics and research papers. Prerequisite:
BIOL 101104. WR, SC
HLTH 251b / BENG 251b, Biological and Physiological Determinants of Health Mark
Saltzman
Overview of the biological and physiological functions that lead to a state of health
in an individual and in a population. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of health
explored in the context of major sources of global disease burden. Key physiological
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systems that contribute to health, including the endocrine, reproductive, cardiovascular,

and respiratory systems. The development of technologies that enhance health
and of those that harm it. Prerequisite: a college-level biology course or equivalent
preparation. Does not fulfill premedical requirements. SC
* HLTH 270a / CHLD 131a / EDST 131a, The Growing Child in Global Context Erika
Christakis
HLTH 280b / HIST 146b / HSHM 212b, Historical Perspectives on Global Health
Joanna Radin
The broader historical context of contemporary practices, policies, and values associated
with the concept of global health. Historical formations around ideas about disease,
colonialism, race, gender, science, diplomacy, security, economy, and humanitarianism;
ways in which these formations have shaped and been shaped by attempts to negotiate
problems of health and well-being that transcend geopolitical borders. HU
* HLTH 325a / GLBL 189a / LAST 416a, Methods and Ethics in Global Health
* HLTH 330b, Case Studies in Global Health Richard Skolnik
Exploration of three important themes in the study of global health: efforts to eradicate
communicable disease, attempts to reform health systems, and investments to achieve
more equity and equality in health services delivery. Case studies examined from
historical, economic, technical, epidemiological, political, sociological, and managerial
perspectives. Prerequisite: HLTH 230 or equivalent, or with permission of instructor.
WR, SO
* HLTH 370b / ER&M 360b / HSHM 432b / SOCY 390b / WGSS 390b, Politics of
* HLTH 444b, Biology, Pathogenesis, and Natural History of HIV/AIDS Kristina
Talbert-Slagle
Study of HIV/AIDS from the perspectives of molecular biology, immunology, sociology,
history, and epidemiology. Enrollment limited to 18. Prerequisites: BIOL 101, 102, 103,
and 104, or with permission of instructor.
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* HLTH 480b / E&EB 460b, Studies in Evolutionary Medicine I Stephen Stearns

Principles of evolutionary biology applied to issues in medical research and practice.
Lactose and alcohol tolerance; the "hygiene hypothesis"; genetic variation in drug
response and pathogen resistance; spontaneous abortions, immune genes, and mate
choice; the evolution of aging; the ecology and evolution of disease; the emergence
of new diseases. Students develop proposals for research to be conducted during the
summer. Admission by competitive application; forms are available on the EEB Web
site (http://www.eeb.yale.edu). SC
* HLTH 481a / E&EB 461a, Studies in Evolutionary Medicine II Paul Turner
Continuation of E&EB 460. Prerequisite: E&EB 460 or permission of instructor. SC
* HLTH 490a, Global Health Research Colloquium Kristina Talbert-Slagle and
Elizabeth Bradley
This course is designed for Yale College seniors or graduate students who are
synthesizing data from global health fieldwork and preparing manuscripts that are
suitable for submission to a peer-reviewed journal. Enrollment is limited to 18, and
preference will be given to Global Health Fellows. The course meets weekly, but the
format of individual course sessions changes as described in detail in the syllabus.
Students will receive one-on-one instruction and mentorship from one of the course
professors, participate in peer-review in small work groups, give a research-in-progress
presentation, and develop a manuscript suitable for publication in a peer-reviewed
journal. Priority will be given to Global Health Fellows. Students must have completed
global health fieldwork. RP
Related Courses
* AFST 401a, Research Methods in African Studies Cheryl Doss
Disciplinary and interdisciplinary research methodologies in African studies, with
emphasis on field methods and archival research in the social sciences and humanities.
Research methodologies are compared by studying recent works in African studies.
practitioners. SO
* ANTH 451a / WGSS 431a, Intersectionality and Womens Health Marcia Inhorn
* ANTH 455a / WGSS 459a, Masculinity and Mens Health Marcia Inhorn
390
BENG 100b, Frontiers of Biomedical Engineering Staff
The basic concepts of biomedical engineering and their connection with the spectrum
of human activity. Introduction to the fundamental science and engineering on
which biomedical engineering is based. Topics include genetic engineering, cell
culture engineering, vaccines, drug discovery and delivery, cardiovascular physiology,
biomechanics, and biomedical imaging. Designed for science and nonscience majors.
SC
* BENG 405b / EVST 415b, Biotechnology and the Developing World Anjelica
Gonzalez
and 102.
ECON 170a, Health Economics and Public Policy Howard Forman
Application of economic principles to the study of the U.S. health care system.
Emphasis on basic principles about the structure of the U.S. system, current problems,
proposed solutions, and the context of health policy making and politics. After
introductory microeconomics. SO
ECON 327b, The Economics of Poverty Alleviation Dean Karlan
Measures that succeed and failand whyin the fight against poverty in developing
countries. Fundamentals of behavioral economics and their application to policy
and program design. When and how to use experimental methods to evaluate ideas
and programs. Interventions and policies that apply to households, small firms, and
communities, with particular attention to microfinance, health, and education. After
introductory microeconomics and econometrics. WR, SO
* ECON 461b, Economics, Addiction, and Public Policy Jody Sindelar
Smoking, alcoholism, illicit drugs, and obesity studied from economic and policy
perspectives. Focus on causes of and solutions to problems. After introductory
microeconomics. SO
* ECON 462b / EP&E 228b / GLBL 316b / LAST 410b, The Economics of Human
391

* ECON 464a / AFST 464a, The Economics of Africa Cheryl Doss
ENVE 441a, Biological Processes in Environmental Engineering Jordan Peccia
Fundamental aspects of microbiology and biochemistry, including stoichiometry,
kinetics, and energetics of biochemical reactions, microbial growth, and microbial
ecology, as they pertain to biological processes for the transformation of environmental
contaminants; principles for analysis and design of aerobic and anaerobic processes,
including suspended- and attached-growth systems, for treatment of conventional and
hazardous pollutants in municipal and industrial wastewaters and in groundwater.
Prerequisites: CHEM 161, 165, or 163, 167 (or CHEM 112, 113, or 114, 115, or 118);
MCDB 290 or equivalent; or with permission of instructor. SC
* EP&E 271b / AFST 447b / ER&M 271b / PLSC 447b, The Rwandan Genocide in
* EVST 261a / F&ES 261a / G&G 261a, Minerals and Human Health Ruth Blake
* HSHM 437b / HIST 435Jb, The Global Crisis of Malaria Frank Snowden
The global crisis of malaria examined in comparative and historical context. The
mosquito theory of transmission and other developments in scientific understanding
of the disease; World Health Organization strategies to eradicate malaria since 1955;
the development of tools such as insecticides, medication, and bed nets; the attempt to
create an effective vaccine. WR, HU
Program. HU, SO
392

MCDB 290b, Microbiology Christine Jacobs-Wagner
Cell structure of microorganisms, bacterial genetics, microbial evolution and diversity,
microbial development, microbial interaction, chemotaxis and motility, gene regulation,
microbial genomics, host defense systems, infectious diseases, viruses, and biological
weapons. Prerequisites: BIOL 101 and 102, or a term of biochemistry, genetics, cell
biology, or molecular biology. SC
* MENG 491b, Appropriate Technology and the Developing World Joseph Zinter
Introduction to user-centered design through exploration of appropriate technology, a
class of solutions that solve a particular need and are viable and sustainable within the
environmental, economic, cultural, and technological infrastructure for which they are
intended. Focus on technologies for use in the developing world. Student design teams
conceptualize, ideate, prototype, and generate a commercialization plan for a real-world
appropriate technological device. RP
PLSC 248a, Political Economy of Health Care Peter Swenson
Political and economic factors that have influenced efforts to achieve quality, economy,
and equality in the delivery of American health care since the early twentieth century;
some attention to international comparisons. Medical licensing; drug regulation;
malpractice law; provider payment and care management; guaranteed health insurance;
emergence of the private, employer-based insurance system; recent legislative actions
and controversies concerning the quality and cost-effectiveness of health care.
Recommended preparation: introductory microeconomics. SO
PLSC 257b, Bioethics and Law Stephen Latham
The treatment by American law of major issues in contemporary biomedical ethics:
informed consent, assisted reproduction, abortion, end-of-life care, research on
human subjects, stem cell research, and public health law. Readings include legal cases,
statutes, and regulations. No background in law assumed. SO
* PLSC 446b / EP&E 258b / SOCY 369b, Welfare States across Nations Sigrun Kahl
welfare state. SO
* PSYC 355a, Clinical Psychology in the Community Kristi Lockhart
Mental disorders as they are treated within a community setting. Students participate in
a fieldwork placement, working either one-on-one or in groups with the psychiatrically
disabled. Seminar meetings focus on such topics as the nature of severe mental
disorders, the effects of deinstitutionalization, counseling skills, and social policy issues
related to mental health. Prerequisite: PSYC 180 or permission of instructor.
Hellenic Studies
393
Hellenic Studies
Directors: Stathis Kalyvas, 201 RKZ, 432-5386, stathis.kalyvas@yale.edu; John
Geanakoplos, 30 Hillhouse Ave., 432-3397, john.geanakoplos@yale.edu; program
administrator: George Syrimis, 34 Hillhouse Ave., 432-9342, george.syrimis@yale.edu;
www.yale.edu/macmillan/hsp
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF HELLENIC STUDIES

Professors John Geanakoplos (Economics), Stathis Kalyvas (Political Science)
Lecturer George Syrimis
Senior Lector Maria Kaliambou
Hellenic Studies is a program of the Council on European Studies. The core of the
program is the teaching of modern Greek, supplemented with other courses and events
related to the study of postantiquity Greece, as well as the society and culture of modern
Greece and its interaction with the rest of Europe and the world. Related courses can
be found in the listings of Anthropology, History, History of Art, Literature, Political
Science, Religious Studies, and Russian and East European Studies. A major in Ancient
and Modern Greek is described under Classics (p. 192). Students who have an
interest in postantiquity Greek language, society, or culture are advised to consult with
the program administrator of the Hellenic Studies program.
Courses
MGRK 110a, Elementary Modern Greek I Maria Kaliambou
An introduction to modern Greek, with emphasis on oral expression. Use of
communicative activities, graded texts, written assignments, grammar drills,
audiovisual material, and contemporary documents. In-depth cultural study. Credit
only on completion of MGRK 120. L1 1 Course cr
MGRK 120b, Elementary Modern Greek II Maria Kaliambou
Continuation of MGRK 110. Prerequisite: MGRK 110. L2 1 Course cr
* MGRK 130a, Intermediate Modern Greek I Maria Kaliambou
Further development of oral and written linguistic skills, using authentic readings
and audiovisual materials. Continued familiarization with contemporary Greek
culture. Prerequisite: MGRK 120 or equivalent. Course includes students from Cornell
University via videoconference. L3 1 Course cr
* MGRK 140b, Intermediate Modern Greek II Maria Kaliambou
Further development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in modern
Greek. Presentation of short research projects related to modern Greece. Prerequisite:
MGRK 130 or equivalent. Course includes students from Cornell University via
videoconference. L4 1 Course cr
* MGRK 216a / CLCV 216a / LITR 239a, Dionysus in Modernity George Syrimis
Manifestations of Dionysus in literature, anthropology, and music; the Apollonian-
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Dionysiac dichotomy; twentieth-century variations of these themes in psychoanalysis,

* MGRK 234a / LITR 347a, Surveillance, Paranoia, and the Modern State George
Syrimis
Cultural and artistic reactions to the collection and control of information and the
tension that arises between these practices and liberal claims to privacy rights. Focus
on literary and cinematic works. The control of information as manifested in the
technologies of behaviorism; the political and economic regimes of totalitarianism;
liberal democracy and corporate capitalism; theoretical speculation about the
relationship between writers and authors and spectators and their objects. HU
* MGRK 300b / CLCV 319b / HIST 242Jb / WGSS 300b, The Olympic Games, Ancient
* MGRK 303b / PLSC 392b, The Greek Civil War Stathis Kalyvas
An in-depth look into the Greek civil war, one of the major European civil wars of the
twentieth century, including its relation to World War II and the Cold War. Focus on
readings from the field of history, with some attention to other disciplines and areas
such as anthropology and fiction. SO
* MGRK 481a and MGRK 482b, Independent Tutorial Staff
For students with advanced language skills in modern Greek who wish to engage in
individual study or concentrated reading and research on material not otherwise offered
in courses. Applicants submit a detailed project proposal to the associate program chair.
The student must meet with the instructor for at least one hour each week, and the
work must terminate in a term paper or its equivalent.
History
Director of undergraduate studies: Beverly Gage, 238 HGS, beverly.gage@yale.edu;
history.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY

Professors Jean-Christophe Agnew, Abbas Amanat, Ned Blackhawk, David Blight,
Daniel Botsman, Paul Bushkovitch, George Chauncey, Carolyn Dean, John Demos
(Emeritus), Carlos Eire, John Mack Faragher, Paul Freedman, Joanne Freeman, John
Gaddis, Beverly Gage, Glenda Gilmore, Bruce Gordon, Valerie Hansen, Robert Harms,
Jonathan Holloway, Matthew Jacobson, Gilbert Joseph, Paul Kennedy, Benedict
Kiernan, Jennifer Klein, Naomi Lamoreaux (Chair), Bentley Layton, Noel Lenski,
Kathryn Lofton, Mary Lui, Joseph Manning, Ivan Marcus, John Merriman, Joanne
Meyerowitz, Alan Mikhail, Nicholas Parrillo, Peter Perdue, Steven Pincus, Stephen
Pitti, Naomi Rogers, Sophia Rosenfeld, Lamin Sanneh, Stuart Schwartz, Frank
Snowden, Timothy Snyder, David Sorkin, Harry Stout, William Summers, Francesca
Trivellato, John Warner, Anders Winroth, John Witt, Keith Wrightson
History
395
Associate Professors Paola Bertucci, Patrick Cohrs, Fabian Drixler, Crystal Feimster,
Andrew Johnston, Daniel Magaziner, Edward Rugemer, Paul Sabin, Marci Shore,
Eliyahu Stern
Assistant Professors Jennifer Allen, Rosie Bsheer, Henry Cowles, Rohit De, Alejandra
Dubcovsky, Marcela Echeverri, Anne Eller, Denise Ho, Isaac Nakhimovsky, Joanna
Radin, William Rankin, Julia Stephens, Jenifer Van Vleck, Jonathan Wyrtzen
Senior Lecturers Annping Chin, Becky Conekin, Stuart Semmel, Rebecca
Tannenbaum
Lecturers Adel Allouche, Amanda Behm, Raymond Clemens, Ivano Dal Prete, Kjell
Ericson, Jeremy Friedman, Jay Gitlin, George Levesque, William Metcalf, Chitra
Ramalingam, Terence Renaud, Ariel Ron, William Summers
The History major is for students who understand that shaping the future requires
knowing the past. History courses explore centuries of human experimentation and
ingenuity, from the global to the individual scale. History majors learn to be effective
storytellers and analysts, and to craft arguments that speak to broad audiences. They
make extensive use of Yales vast library resources to create pioneering original research
projects. Students of history learn to think about politics and government, sexuality,
the economy, cultural and intellectual life, war and society, and other themes in broadly
humanisticrather than narrowly technocraticways.
Course numbering Courses numbered HIST 001 to 099 are freshman seminars, with
enrollment limited to eighteen. Courses numbered in the 100s explore the history of
the United States or Canada; those in the 200s, Europe, Russia, and Britain; and those
in the 300s, Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Courses numbered in
the 400s address global topics. Courses whose numbers end with the letter "J" are
departmental seminars; all departmental seminars are available for preregistration by
History majors and are capped at fifteen students.
The major History majors choose one of two tracks. The Global track is designed
for students seeking a broad understanding of major trends in the history of human
societies throughout the world. The Specialist track is for students seeking to focus
in a particular geographic region, such as the United States, or in a thematic pathway,
such as empires and colonialism. History is one of Yale Colleges most popular and
intellectually diverse majors, encompassing nearly every region and time period of the
global past. The study of history is excellent preparation for careers in many fields,
including law, journalism, business and finance, education, politics and public policy,
social activism, and the arts.
Prerequisite The prerequisite for the major is two term courses in History. Courses
completed in fulfillment of the prerequisite may be applied toward the requirements of
the major.
Requirements of the major for the Class of 2016 Students in the Class of 2016 may
fulfill the requirements of the History major that were in place when they entered the
major, as described in previous editions of this bulletin (http://www.yale.edu/printer/
bulletin/archivepdffiles/YCPS). (Members of the Class of 2017 who declared the major
396
prior to April 2015 may choose to fulfill the Class of 2016 requirements, with special
permission of the director of undergraduate studies.)
Requirements of the major for the Class of 2017 and subsequent classes Ten term
courses in History are required, in addition to the senior essay. No specific courses are
required. Upon declaration, all History majors select either the Global or the Specialist
track. Majors may change tracks until the end of course selection period in the first term
of the senior year.
The Global track requires one course each in five different geographic regions (see
below). Students must also take two preindustrial courses, covering material before
the year 1800, and two departmental seminars, identified by a "J" suffix to the course
number (e.g., HIST 136J).
The Specialist track requires at least five (and up to eight) courses in a particular
geographic region or in a thematic pathway (see list below). Courses appropriate
for each region and pathway are listed on the History department Web site (http://
history.yale.edu/academics/undergraduate-program/pathways). Students must
also take at least two courses outside their area of specialization, and their overall
coursework must include at least three geographic regions. Like students in the Global
track, students in the Specialist track must take two preindustrial courses, covering
material before the year 1800, and at least two departmental seminars, identified by a
"J" suffix to the course number (e.g., HIST 136J). Students in the Specialist track may
design an area of specialization with the approval of a faculty adviser and the director of
Regions: United States; Europe; Latin America; Asia; Middle East and Africa.
Pathways: cultural history; empires and colonialism; environmental history; ideas
and intellectuals; international history; politics and law; race, gender, and sexuality;
religion in context; science, technology, and medicine; social change and social
movements; war and society; the world economy.
Students in either track may count the same courses toward geographical, preindustrial,
and seminar requirements. For instance, a departmental seminar on premodern Japan
simultaneously fulfills the preindustrial, seminar, and Asia geographical requirements.
Departmental seminars All students who declare the History major are entitled to
preregister for two departmental seminars (designated by a course number ending
in J, such as HIST 136J). Many seminars are popular and fill up quickly. Students
may use their preregistration privileges at any time after declaring the major, in their
sophomore, junior, or senior years. Sophomores contemplating study abroad are urged
to consider taking at least one seminar in the sophomore year. Residential college
seminars, study-abroad courses, and courses in other departments that count toward
the History major do not fulfill the departmental seminar requirement.
Senior requirement Students in the History major are not passive consumers of
historical knowledge: they create original works of history themselves. As seniors,
History majors complete a work of original research in close consultation with a faculty
adviser. The range of acceptable topics is wide, but most essays fall into two categories.
The first involves the study of a significant historical subject through research in
History
397
accessible primary source materials. The second is a critical assessment of a significant

historical controversy or historiographical issue.
Most students choose to complete a two-term independent senior essay, for a total of
twelve course credits in the major. The two-term essay is required to earn Distinction
in the Major. A smaller number of students choose to write a one-term essay within the
context of a third departmental seminar, for a total of eleven course credits in the major.
The two-term senior essay History majors seeking to earn Distinction in the Major
must complete a two-term independent senior essay under the guidance of a faculty
adviser. The typical senior essay is 4050 pages (no more than 12,500 words), plus
a bibliography and bibliographical essay. Seniors receive course credit for their
departmental essays by enrolling in HIST 495 (first term of senior year) and HIST 496
(second term of senior year). The grade for the final essay, determined by an outside
reader in consultation with the faculty adviser, is applied retroactively to both terms.
Additional details about the senior essay are provided in the Senior Essay Handbook,
available on the History department Web site (http://history.yale.edu/academics/
undergraduate-program/senior-departmental-essay).
The one-term senior essay History majors may choose to write a senior essay in
the context of an additional departmental seminar (for a total of three departmental
seminars). Students who elect this option consult with the seminar instructor to
determine an appropriate balance between seminar and essay requirements. The final
project must include a substantial research paper based on primary sources, along
with a bibliographic essay. Students who choose the one-term senior essay option are
not eligible for Distinction in the Major. Additional details about the senior essay are
provided in the Senior Essay Handbook, available on the History department Web site
(http://history.yale.edu/academics/undergraduate-program/senior-departmentalessay).
Additional options for the senior essay Some students embark on the two-term
essay but discover that their choice is not a good fit. Other students begin a one-term
essay only to discover that they are passionate about the subject and wish to expand
their paper in a second term of independent research. To accommodate such students,
the History major offers both an "opt-in" and an "opt-out" clause for the two-term
senior essay. Students who begin the year by writing a research paper in the context
of a seminar may "opt in" to the two-term essay by enrolling in HIST 496 during
the second term of the senior year, with the permission of the faculty adviser and the
senior essay director. Students who enroll in HIST 495 during the first term may "opt
out" (by their own decision, or the decision of their faculty adviser) and instead enroll
in a third departmental seminar during the second term of the senior year. Students
who "opt out" will not be eligible for Distinction in the Major. Additional details about
the senior essay are provided in the Senior Essay Handbook, available on the History
department Web site (http://history.yale.edu/academics/undergraduate-program/
senior-departmental-essay).
Advising All students who declare the History major are assigned an adviser from
among the departmental faculty. The adviser is available throughout the year for
consultation about courses and the major. Students in the Global track are assigned an
adviser from the general History faculty. Students in the Specialist track are assigned an
adviser in their area of specialization. At the beginning of each term, students majoring
398
in History must have their schedule signed and approved by their departmental adviser
or by the director of undergraduate studies. Students may request a specific adviser in
consultation with the director of undergraduate studies, though the department cannot
always accommodate such requests.
Course substitution History majors are permitted to include up to two courses taught
outside the department toward fulfillment of the major, with the approval of the
director of undergraduate studies. Nondepartmental courses may fulfill geographic,
region/pathway, and preindustrial distribution requirements. They may not fulfill
departmental seminar or senior requirements.
Distinction in the major Students who receive an A or A on the two-term senior
essay and who receive the requisite grades in their remaining course work are awarded
Distinction in the Major. (See under Honors (p. 31) in the Undergraduate Curriculum
(p. 18) section of this bulletin.) Students who do not complete the two-term senior
essay are not eligible for Distinction.
and Master's Degrees" under Special Arrangements, section K (p. 65), in the Academic
Regulations (p. 33). Interested students should consult the director of undergraduate
studies prior to the sixth term of enrollment for specific requirements in History.

Prerequisites 2 term courses in History
Number of courses 10 term courses (incl prereqs, not incl senior essay)
Distribution of courses Both tracks2 courses in preindustrial hist; 2 departmental
sems; Global track1 course in each of 5 geographic regions (U.S., Europe, Asia,
Latin America, Africa/Middle East); Specialist track5 courses in specific region or
pathway; at least 2 courses outside region or pathway; overall course work must
include 3 regions
Substitution permitted 1 or 2 nondepartmental courses approved by DUS
Senior requirement Two-term senior essay (HIST 495 and 496), or one-term essay in
a third departmental seminar.
Freshman Seminars
*HIST 012b / AMST 012b, Politics and Society in the United States after World
History
399
* HIST 013b / LING 010b, Language and Power Claire Bowern and Alejandra
Dubcovsky-Joseph
* HIST 015b, History of Food and Cuisine Paul Freedman
The history of food from the Middle Ages to the present, with a focus on the United
States and Europe. How societies gathered and prepared food; culinary tastes of
different times and places. The influence of taste on trade, colonization, and cultural
exchange. The impact of immigration, globalization, and technology on food.
Program. HU
* HIST 016b / AFAM 060b / AMST 060b, Significance of American Slavery Edward
Rugemer
* HIST 018a / AMST 019a, Commodities as U.S. History Matthew Jacobson
* HIST 020b / ARCG 020b / CLCV 059b / EVST 030b / NELC 026b, Rivers and
* HIST 021a / CLCV 057a, The Age of Constantine Noel Lenski
400
* HIST 030a / EAST 030a, Tokyo Fabian Drixler

* HIST 032a / EAST 032a, Shanghai Denise Ho
* HIST 033b / WGSS 033b, Fashion in London and Paris, 1750 to the Present Becky
Conekin
* HIST 042a, Oil and Empire Rosie Bsheer
The political and social history of oil since the late nineteenth century, including
global trends and processes. Oil's impact on the rise and fall of empires and the fates
of nation-states; its role in war and its impact on social and cultural life. Focus on
the Middle East, with some attention to Venezuela, Indonesia, and the Niger Delta.
Program. WR, HU
* HIST 045a, The Holocaust and Its Afterlives Jennifer Allen
The history and memory of the Holocaust in Germany. How the Holocaust itself
unfolded, and how Germany has worked through its legacy. Guilt and complicity,
the logic of the concentration camps, the limits of totalitarianism, the representations
of horror, the prosecution of atrocity, Holocaust memory across generations, and
Germany's urban memory landscape. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration
* HIST 070a, Lawyers as Rebels Rohit De
Examination of how lawyers have worked in illiberal and unjust legal systems. Key
themes in global history of the twentieth century, such as imperialism, nationalism,
apartheid, holocaust, civil rights, communism, feminism, and LGBT rights. Case
studies include Gandhi, Mandela, Hersch Lauterpacht, Pauli Murray, and Asma
Jahangir. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under
* HIST 072b, The History of World History Valerie Hansen
How the great historians of ancient Greece, Rome, China, the Islamic world, and
nineteenth-century Europe created modern historical method. How to evaluate the
History
401
reliability of sources, both primary and secondary, and assess the relationship between
fact and interpretation. Using historical method to make sense of our world today.
Program. WR, HU RP
Lecture Courses
HIST 103a, America before the Revolution Alejandra Dubcovsky-Joseph
Life in America before the American Revolution, focusing on war, politics, race
relations, religion, and culture. The ways in which encounters, conflicts, and
compromises among Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans shaped North
American society. HU
HIST 107a / AMST 133a / ER&M 187a, Introduction to American Indian History
Ned Blackhawk
HIST 112a / AMST 190a, The Formation of Modern American Culture, 18761919
An introduction to the cultural history of the United States from Reconstruction
through the First World War, with special attention to the persistence of popular
culture, the transformation of bourgeois culture, and the birth of mass culture during a
period of rapid industrialization. HU
HIST 116b, The American Revolution Joanne Freeman
The American Revolution from the perspective of the colonists; their shifting identities
as English subjects, colonial settlers, revolutionaries, and Americans. Readings include
contemporary correspondence and eyewitness accounts. HU
HIST 118a / CGSC 135a / HSHM 216a / PSYC 135a, Minds and Brains in America
Henry Cowles
HIST 119b / AFAM 172b, The Civil War and Reconstruction Era, 18451877 David
Blight
HIST 120b / AMST 163b / EVST 120b / HSHM 204b, American Environmental
History Paul Sabin
402

HIST 122b / AMST 193b, Origins of U.S. Global Power Jenifer Van Vleck
Policies, strategies, and ideas that enabled the United States to become a world power.
Manifest Destiny, expansion, and empire; American exceptionalism; nationalism and
internationalism; capitalism and consumer culture; technological innovation; the
relation between domestic politics and U.S. foreign policy, particularly with regard to
race and gender; challenges and resistance to U.S. global power. Focus on the twentieth
century, with introduction to critical moments in U.S. and international history during
the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries. HU
HIST 127a / AMST 135a / WGSS 200a, U.S. Lesbian and Gay History George
Chauncey
HIST 135b / ECON 182b, American Economic History Naomi Lamoreaux
The growth of the American economy since 1790, both as a unique historical record
and as an illustration of factors in the process of economic development. The
American experience viewed in the context of its European background and patterns of
industrialization overseas. After introductory microeconomics. WR, SO
HIST 141a / AMST 141a, The American West John Mack Faragher
The history of the American West as both frontier and region, real and imagined,
from the first contacts between Indians and Europeans in the fifteenth century to the
multicultural encounters of the contemporary Sunbelt. Students work with historical
texts and images from Yale's Western Americana Collection. HU
HIST 143b / EVST 211b / G&G 211b / HSHM 211b, Catastrophe and the Earth Sciences
HIST 146b / HLTH 280b / HSHM 212b, Historical Perspectives on Global Health
Joanna Radin
History
403
HIST 183a / AMST 272a / ER&M 282a / WGSS 272a, Asian American History, 1800 to
HIST 184b / AFAM 160b / AMST 160b, The Rise and Fall of Atlantic Slavery
Edward Rugemer
emancipation. HU
HIST 187a / AFAM 162a / AMST 162a, African American History from Emancipation
movement. WR, HU
HIST 206b, The Middle Ages, 3001500 Paul Freedman
Introduction to the European Middle Ages. Topics include Rome's decline, the rise of
Christianity, the spread of Islam, Charlemagne, Viking attacks, wars and the Crusades,
the commercial revolution, saints, the culture of chivalry, the papacy, the invention of
universities, the foundations for modern law, and early journeys of discovery. May not
be taken after HIST 210 or 211. WR, HU
* HIST 215b / RLST 283b, Reformation Europe, 14501650 Bruce Gordon
Examination of a series of religious revolutions in Europe between 1450 and 1650.
The causes and nature of the reformations that changed the religious, political, social,
and economic landscapes of early modern Europe and shaped the course of Western
civilization as a whole. HU
HIST 216a / JDST 332a / MMES 197a / RLST 193a, Zionism Shaun Halper
Introduction to the core ideas of the Zionist movement from the mid-nineteenth
century to the mid-twentieth. Focus on internal Jewish debates and criticism of the
movement by European and Middle Eastern intellectuals. Social, political, cultural, and
messianic ideological strands within the movement and their interpretations of various
historical experiences and ideas located in the Jewish tradition. HU
HIST 217a / CLCV 206a, The Roman Republic Andrew Johnston
The origins, development, and expansion of Rome from the earliest times to the deaths
of Caesar and Cicero. Cultural identity and interaction; slavery, class, and the family;
politics, rhetoric, and propaganda; religion; imperialism; monumentality and memory;
and the perception and writing of history. Application of literary and archaeological
evidence. HU
404
HIST 218b / CLCV 207b, The Roman Empire Andrew Johnston

The history of the Roman Empire from its establishment by Augustus to the reign
of Justinian. Attention to social, intellectual, and religious changes, as well as to the
framework of historical events within which these changes took place, and to the
processes by which the Roman Empire was replaced by the institutions of the Western
Middle Ages and the Byzantine Empire. HU
HIST 219a / ER&M 219a / JDST 200a / MMES 149a / RLST 148a, Jewish History and
HIST 220b / JDST 201b / RLST 149b, History of Jewish Culture, 1500 to the Present
David Sorkin
A broad introduction to the history of Jewish culture from the late Middle Ages until
the present. Emphasis on the changing interaction of Jews with the larger society as
well as the transformation of Judaism in its encounter with modernity. HU
HIST 223b, Renaissance Italy Francesca Trivellato
Renaissance Italy as the cradle of Western modernity. Great figures of the Italian
Renaissance, including the Medici, Brunelleschi, and Machiavelli; the ordinary lives
of men and women during the period. Topics include the rise of city-states, the
commercial revolution, war and state-building, humanism, family and gender relations,
encounters with Jews and Muslims, court society, and the visual arts. HU
HIST 225b / CLCV 236b, Roman Law Noel Lenski
Basic principles of Roman law and their applications to the social and economic history
of antiquity and to the broader history of international law. Topics include the history
of persons and things, inheritance, crime and tort, and legal procedure. Questions of
social and economic history and the history of jurisprudence from the fifth century
B.C.E. to the present. HU
HIST 229a, From Oligarchy to Democracy in Britain, 1750-1914 Stuart Semmel
British politics, society, and culture in the long nineteenth century, a period of
constitutional reform, industrial development, social dislocation, imperial expansion,
and cultural criticism. HU
History
405
HIST 237b / RSEE 390b / RUSS 241b, Russian Culture: The Modern Age Paul
Bushkovitch
An interdisciplinary exploration of Russian cultural history, focusing on literature, art,
religion, social and political thought, and film. Conceptions of Russian nationhood;
the myths of St. Petersburg; dissent and persecution; the role of social and cultural
elites; the intelligentsia; attitudes toward the common people; conflicting appeals of
rationality, spirituality, and idealism; the politicization of personal life; the impact of
the Bolshevik Revolution and its aftermath. HU
HIST 238a, Britain's Empire to 1776 Steven Pincus
Exploration of why Britain was able to transform itself during the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries from a minor offshore archipelago into the world's greatest power.
Focus on changes both within Britain and in North America, the West Indies, and
South Asia. The British Empire situated in relation to other empires; the virtually
simultaneous creation of a British Empire in India and loss of an empire in North
America; the American Revolution as part of a British imperial crisis. HU
HIST 239b, Britain's Empire since 1763 Stuart Semmel
The varieties of rule in different parts of Britain's vast empire, from India to Africa to
the West Indies. Ways in which events in one region could redirect policy in distant
ones; how British observers sought to reconcile empire's often authoritarian nature
with liberalism and an expanding democracy at home; the interaction of economic,
cultural, political, and environmental factors in shaping British imperial development.
HU
* HIST 250b, Gender and Sexuality in Modern Europe Carolyn Dean
European concepts of gender and sexuality from the Enlightenment to the present.
Changing constructions of ideas about womanhood and manhood; the relationship
between gender and politics. HU
HIST 251a, Early Modern England: Politics, Religion, and Society under the Tudors
and Stuarts Keith Wrightson
An introduction to the development of English society in the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuriesa period of social, political, economic, and cultural transition, and one that
provided the immediate context of early British settlement in North America and the
literature of the English Renaissance. HU
HIST 261a / PLSC 176a, The Cold War John Gaddis
The Cold War from beginning to end, viewed from the perspective of all its major
participants, with emphasis on recently released Soviet, East European, and Chinese
sources. Counts toward either European or U.S. distributional credit within the History
major, upon application to the director of undergraduate studies. HU, SO
HIST 263a, Eastern Europe to 1914 Timothy Snyder
Eastern Europe from the medieval state to the rise of modern nationalism. The
Ottoman Empire, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Hapsburg monarchy, and
various native currents. Themes include religious diversity, the constitution of empire,
and the emergence of secular political ideologies. HU
406

HIST 271b, European Intellectual History since Nietzsche Marci Shore
Major currents in European intellectual history from the late nineteenth century
through the twentieth. Topics include Marxism-Leninism, psychoanalysis,
expressionism, structuralism, phenomenology, existentialism, antipolitics, and
deconstruction. HU
HIST 275a, Revolutionary France, 17891871 John Merriman
Dimensions of political, social, and economic change in France during its most
turbulent period. The causes and impact of the revolutions of 1789, 1830, 1848, and
1871; demographic change and large-scale industrialization; shifting political elites,
republican and socialist alternatives to monarchy, and urbanization. HU
HIST 276b, France since 1871 John Merriman
The emergence of modern France since the Paris Commune of 1871 and the beginnings
of the Third Republic. The social, economic, political, and cultural transformation
of France; the impact of France's revolutionary heritage, of industrialization, and of
the dislocation wrought by two world wars and decolonialization; and the political
response of the Left and the Right to changing French society, including the impact of
immigration and the emergence and challenges of the European Union. One discussion
section conducted in French; students in this section may count the course toward the
French major. HU
HIST 280a / ITAL 315a / RLST 160a, The Catholic Intellectual Tradition Carlos Eire
Introductory survey of the interaction between Catholicism and Western culture
from the first century to the present, with a focus on pivotal moments and crucial
developments that defined both traditions. Key beliefs, rites, and customs of the Roman
Catholic Church, and the ways in which they have found expression; interaction
between Catholics and the institution of the Church; Catholicism in its cultural and
sociopolitical matrices. Close reading of primary sources. HU
HIST 290a, Russia from the Ninth Century to 1801 Paul Bushkovitch
The mainstream of Russian history from the Kievan state to 1801. Political, social,
and economic institutions and the transition from Eastern Orthodoxy to the
Enlightenment. HU
HIST 300b / CLCV 204b, Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic World Joseph
Manning
The history and culture of the ancient world between the rise of Macedonian
imperialism in the fourth century B.C.E. and the annexation of Egypt by Augustus in
30 B.C.E. Particular attention to Alexander, one of the most important figures in world
history, and to the definition of "Hellenism." HU
History
407
HIST 307b / EAST 301b, The Making of Japan's Great Peace, 15501850 Fabian
Drixler
Examination of how, after centuries of war in Japan and overseas, the Tokugawa
shogunate built a peace that lasted more than 200 years. Japan's urban revolution,
the eradication of Christianity, the Japanese discovery of Europe, and the question of
whether Tokugawa Japan is a rare example of a complex and populous society that
achieved ecological sustainability. HU
HIST 323b, Southeast Asia since 1900 Benedict Kiernan
Comparative colonialism, nationalism, revolution, and independence in modern
Southeast Asia. Topics include Indonesia and the Dutch, Indochina under French rule,
the United States in the Philippines and Vietnam, Buddhism in Burma and Thailand,
communist and peasant movements, and the Cambodian revolution and its regional
repercussions. HU
HIST 332a / AFST 333a, African Encounters with Colonialism Daniel Magaziner
HIST 335b / AFST 335b, A History of South Africa Daniel Magaziner
HU
HIST 340b / AFST 340b, Africa in the Era of the Slave Trade Robert Harms
Examination of the tumultuous changes experienced by African societies during the era
of the Atlantic slave trade, approximately 14501850. Focus on the complex interaction
between the internal dynamics of African societies and the impact of outside forces.
HU
HIST 341a / MMES 341a, Political Islam, Past and Present Julia Stephens
A historical introduction to Islamic law and debates in Islamic political thought from
the Prophet to the Arab Spring. Different interpretations of Islamic law, the formation
of Muslim empires, European colonialism, nationalist movements, jihad, and the role
of religion in contemporary politics in the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia,
Europe, and the United States. HU
HIST 344b, Making of the Modern Middle East Rosie Bsheer
Introduction to narratives and debates in the history of the Middle East from the mideighteenth century to the present. Local, regional, and global events and processes;
political, social, cultural, and intellectual realities. Readings from the fields of history,
anthropology, politics, and literature. HU
408
HIST 350a / MMES 175a / NELC 350a, Formation of the Islamic State, 610 750 Adel
Allouche
The development of Islamic polity and society from the rise of Islam to the rise of the
Abbasid dynasty. Religious and societal changes caused by the success of Muhammad's
mission; ramifications of the subsequent Arab expansion at the expense of the
Byzantine and Sasanian empires. The origins of Islamic institutions; the historical
development of the main religious sects and of Islamic legal thought; Western views of
Islam. HU
HIST 355a / LAST 355a, Colonial Latin America Stuart Schwartz
A survey of the conquest and colonization of Latin America from pre-Columbian
civilizations through the movements for independence. Emphasis on social and
economic themes and the formation of identities in the context of multiracial societies.
HU
HIST 366a, History of Cities in Modern Asia Peter Perdue and Mark Baker
The history of Asian cities, with emphasis on long-term processes of urbanization and
the daily life of hundreds of millions of people. Focus on China, now home to six of
the world's thirty largest cities. Includes discussion of Japan, India, and related areas as
well. HU
HIST 373b, The Silk Road Valerie Hansen
A journey along the overland and sea routes that connected China, India, and Iran from
200 to 1000 C.E. and served as conduits for cultural exchange. The lives of merchants,
envoys, pilgrims, and travelers interacting in cosmopolitan communities. Exploration of
long-known and newly discovered archaeological ruins, along with primary sources in
translation. HU
HIST 375b / EAST 375b, China from Mao to Now Denise Ho
The history of the People's Republic of China from Mao to now, with a focus on
understanding the recent Chinese past and framing contemporary events in China in
historical context. How the party-state is organized; interactions between state and
society; causes and consequences of economic disparities; ways in which various groups
from intellectuals to religious believershave shaped the meaning of contemporary
Chinese society. HU
HIST 396b / SAST 224b, India and Pakistan since 1947 Rohit De
Introduction to the history of the Indian subcontinent from 1947 to the present. Focus
on the emergence of modern forms of life and thought, the impact of the partition on
state and society, and the challenges of democracy and development. Transformations
of society, economy, and culture; state building; economic policy. HU
HIST 464a / CLCV 234a, Egypt and the Classical World in the First Millennium B.C.
Joseph Manning
The history of Egypt from the end of the pharaonic period through encounters with
the Greek, Persian, and Roman worlds. The unusual position of Egypt in the long
history of the Mediterranean; the transformation of Egyptian society during the
first millennium B.C., a time of momentous change across western Asia and the
Mediterranean world. HU
History
409
Departmental Seminars
All History majors must take at least two departmental seminars. Seminars on the
history of the United States or Canada are numbered 100J to 199J; seminars on Britain
and Europe are 200J to 299J; and seminars on Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the
Middle East are 300J to 399J. Seminars numbered in the 400s address global topics;
students must apply to the director of undergraduate studies in History to count a 400level seminar toward a particular geographical distribution category. Each departmental
seminar aims to acquaint students in a substantial and professional way with the
literature of a period in history; to train them as far as possible in the use of primary
source materials; to introduce them to problems of bibliography, historiography, and
historical method; and to give them training in the writing of history. The relative
importance of these objectives in any particular seminar depends on its subject matter,
the previous preparation of its students, and the availability of materials.
Each term declared History majors should apply for departmental seminars for the
following term using the online seminar preregistration site. Preregistration begins
after midterm in the fall for seminars offered in the spring term, and after spring recess
for seminars offered in the subsequent fall term. All students who wish to preregister
must declare their major beforehand.
During the course selection period, application for admission should be made directly
to the instructors of the seminars, who will admit students to remaining vacancies in
their seminars. Priority is given to applications from juniors, then seniors, majoring
in History, but applications are also accepted from qualified sophomores and from
students majoring in other disciplines or programs. The department seeks wherever
possible to accommodate students' preferences; for their part, students should
recognize that limitations imposed by the size of seminars (normally fifteen students)
make accommodation impossible in some instances. HIST 494 and residential college
seminars that count toward the History major do not fulfill the departmental seminar
requirement.
* HIST 103Jb / AFAM 202b, Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass David Blight
The life, times, and works of Frederick Douglass, African American abolitionist and
leader of the nineteenth century. Douglass's writings, including autobiographies,
oratory, and editorials, and his role as a historical actor in the antislavery and early civil
rights movements. Deep inquiry into the craft of biography. WR, HU
* HIST 108Jb, Pirates, Buccaneers, and Corsairs in America Alejandra DubcovskyJoseph
The rise and fall of Caribbean piracy from its origins in the sixteenth century to the
"golden age" that flourished in the early eighteenth century. Topics include the life and
motivations of pirates, pirates' relations to monarchical and state authorities, and the
role of violence in shaping the Atlantic world. WR, HU
* HIST 113Jb / AMST 457b, Cultural Capital: New York in the Twentieth Century
An interdisciplinary study of New York City as a global cultural capital in the twentieth
century. Social, political, and economic forces shaping the principal institutions of
the city's patrician, popular, and mass cultures. The formation of identifiably "New
410
York" styles in the arts, architecture, photography, literature, and film. The changing
geography of cultural creation, reproduction, and distribution in the city. WR, HU
* HIST 130Jb / AMST 441b / ER&M 370b, Indians and the Spanish Borderlands
Ned Blackhawk
* HIST 133Ja, The Creation of the American Politician, 17891820 Joanne Freeman
The creation of an American style of politics: ideas, political practices, and selfperceptions of America's first national politicians. Topics include national identity,
the birth of national political parties, methods of political combat, early American
journalism, changing conceptions of leadership and citizenship, and the evolving
political culture of the early republic. WR, HU
* HIST 134Ja, Yale and America: Selected Topics in Social and Cultural History Jay
Gitlin
Relations between Yale and Yale peoplefrom Ezra Stiles and Noah Webster to Cole
Porter, Henry Roe Cloud, and Maya Linand American society and culture. Elihu Yale
and the global eighteenth century; Benjamin Silliman and the emergence of American
science; Walter Camp, Dink Stover, and the all-American boy; Henry Luce and the
information age; faith and ideology in postwar Yale and America. WR, HU RP
* HIST 135Jb, The Age of Hamilton and Jefferson Joanne Freeman
The culture and politics of the revolutionary and early national periods of American
history, using the lives, ideas, and writings of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander
Hamilton as a starting point. Topics include partisan conflict, political culture, nation
building, the American character, and domestic life. WR, HU
* HIST 136Ja, Liberalism and Conservatism in the Modern United States Beverly
Gage
American domestic politics and political thought since the New Deal. Emphasis on
the decline of midcentury liberalism and the rise of modern American conservatism.
Topics include McCarthyism, the civil rights movement, the New Left, labor, business
activism, the conservative intellectual movement, the Christian Right, and the Reagan
Revolution. WR, HU
* HIST 138Ja, Problems in American Historical Memory: The Civil War David Blight
The problem and the study of "memory" among American and international historians
and scholars from other disciplines. Readings drawn from theoretical works, recent
secondary literature, and public history controversies. WR, HU
* HIST 139Ja / AFAM 255a, The American South, 1870 to the Present Glenda
Gilmore
A thematic approach to the history of the American South since Reconstruction.
Focus on the political, social, and cultural history of a region that has undergone
dramatic change. Topics include white supremacy and African American resistance,
History
411
industrialization and labor activism, music and literature, the civil rights movement and
the rise of the Republican South, and changing regional identity. WR, HU
* HIST 141Ja / HSHM 411a, Science from Newton to Neutrons William Summers
Major themes and ideas in science from the seventeenth century through the twentieth.
Focus on evolving descriptions and theories of matter and energy, physics, and
chemistry. The evolution of Newtonian ideas to the world of modern physics and the
transition from alchemical thinking to the chemical revolution. WR, HU
* HIST 142Ja / HSHM 445a / WGSS 453a, Women and Medicine in America from the
Colonial Era to the Present Naomi Rogers
American women from the colonial era to the present as midwives, patients, healers,
reformers, revolutionaries, innovators, and entrepreneurs. Ways that women have
shaped American health care and medical research. WR, HU
* HIST 148Jb / AFAM 210b / AMST 445b, Politics and Culture of the U.S. Color Line
Matthew Jacobson
* HIST 151Ja / AMST 422a / ER&M 435a, Writing Tribal Histories Ned Blackhawk
* HIST 168Jb, Quebec and Canada from 1791 to the Present Jay Gitlin
The history of Quebec and its place within Canada from the Constitutional Act of
1791 to the present. Topics include the Rebellion of 1837, confederation, the Riel Affair,
industrialization and emigration to New England, French-Canadian nationalism and
culture from Abb Groulx to the Parti Qubcois and Cline Dion, and the politics
of language. Readings include plays by Michel Tremblay and Antonine Maillet in
translation. WR, HU
* HIST 170Jb, Ideas and Ideologies in U.S. International History Patrick Cohrs
The influence of American and foreign ideas and ideologies on U.S. international
history. American assumptions about peace and international order from the days of
the early republic and the Federalist Papers to the height of the Cold War. Emphasis on
American responses to war and international crises, and on the impact of exceptionalist,
imperialist, isolationist, "exemplarist," and capitalist ideologies on U.S. policy making.
WR, HU
* HIST 181Jb, World War II and Its Legacies Jenifer Van Vleck
The political, cultural, and economic dimensions of the Second World War and its
effects on the postwar international order. Topics include the United States' ascendancy
as a global superpower; the onset of the Cold War; anticolonialism and the decline
of the European empires; new communication technologies and mass culture; the
formation of the United Nations; and the politics of human rights. HU
* HIST 191Ja / WGSS 354a, Women, Gender, and Grassroots Politics in the United
States after World War II Jennifer Klein
American politics and grassroots social movements from 1945 to the present explored
through women's activism and through gender politics more broadly. Ideas about
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gender identities, gender roles, and family in the shaping of social movements;
strategies used on the local, regional, national, and international levels. Connections
between organizing and policy, public and private, state and family, and migration,
immigration, and empire. WR, HU
* HIST 215Jb, The Art of Biography John Gaddis
A comparative examination of successful as well as unsuccessful biographies, intended
to identify both principles and pitfalls. WR, HU
* HIST 216Jb, Eurasian Encounters before 1500 Anders Winroth
People who traveled between Europe and Asia during the Middle Ages. Focus on the
Franciscan missionary William Rubruck, Admiral Zheng He's interpreter Ma Huan, the
Arabic diplomat ibn Fadlan, and the merchant and fabulist Marco Polo. HU
* HIST 219Jb / JDST 274b, Jews of Eastern Europe, 15001900 Moshe Rosman
The social, economic, cultural, and political history of the Jews in historical Poland
and Russia during the early modern and modern periods. Topics include law, learning,
money, community, hasidism, shtetl, and war. HU
* HIST 228Ja, Venice and the Mediterranean, 14001700 Francesca Trivellato
Major issues in the history of Venice and the Mediterranean in the early modern period
as they emerge from the works of historians and from a reading of primary sources in
English translation. Topics include travel narratives, the organization of trade, slavery,
Venetian republicanism, women and gender roles, the Inquisition, ethnic and religious
minorities, and relations between East and West. WR, HU
* HIST 233Jb, The Emergence of Modern Paris John Merriman
The economic, social, political, architectural, and cultural transformation of Paris
from the Old Regime to the contemporary era. Topics include revolutionary Paris, the
impact of rapid migration, the changing social geography of Paris in the time of Balzac
and Zola, the rebuilding of Paris in the Second Empire, Paris and the impressionists,
the emergence of the "red belt," and the succeses and failures of twentieth-century
planning. Reading knowledge of French helpful but not required. WR, HU
* HIST 235Jb, Existentialism and Dissent Marci Shore
Intellectual history of twentieth-century Europe, focusing on existentialist philosophy
and its confrontation with Marxism in theory and with communist regimes in practice.
WR, HU
* HIST 242Jb / CLCV 319b / MGRK 300b / WGSS 300b, The Olympic Games, Ancient
History
413
* HIST 253Ja / LAST 253a, Culture, Dissidence, and Control in Golden Age Spain
Mara Jordn
Aspects of Spanish culture and society in the Golden Age (c. 15501650) that
demonstrate discontent, dissidence, and suggestions for reform. Emphasis on the
intersection of historical and literary sources and the dynamic between popular and elite
cultures. WR, HU
* HIST 259Ja, Cosmopolitanism and the Nation State in Modern Europe Isaac
Nakhimovsky
Cosmopolitanism, patriotism, and nationalism in modern European intellectual history.
Focus on eighteenth-century development of theories of the nation state. Readings
from Montesquieu, Rousseau, Kant, Sieyes, Herder, Fichte, Mazzini, J. S. Mill,
Meinecke, Bauer, and Arendt, as well as contributions to contemporary historiography
and political theory. WR, HU
* HIST 261Jb / RLST 204b, Enlightenment and Religion David Sorkin
The relationship between the Enlightenment and religion, with a focus on Western and
Central Europe across confessional boundaries (Protestantism, Catholicism, Judaism).
How Enlightenment thinkers viewed religion; uses made of the Enlightenment by
theologians and clergy. WR, HU
* HIST 270Ja, Philosophy of History in Central Europe Marci Shore
Ways in which central European philosophers before, during, and after the communist
period grappled with the meaning of history, the role of the individual within history,
and the space for ethics within historical determinism. Philosophy of history as an
aspect of, and response to, the totalitarian experiments of the twentieth century. WR,
HU
* HIST 272Ja, Russia in the Age of Revolution, 18901924 Sarah Brinegar
The end of the Russian empire and the creation of the Soviet Union, including World
War I, the Russian Civil War, and three major revolutions. Processes and forces that
led to massive political and social changes between 1905 and 1924; connections among
radical ideas, social movements, war, and political change. WR, HU
* HIST 274Jb, Stalin and the Soviet Union, 19201939 Sarah Brinegar
The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, including the violent collectivization of
agriculture, rapid industrialization, the Great Terror, and the introduction of mass
education and literacy. The creation of the Stalinist state and the so-called revolution
from above; how people lived and understood the Soviet experience; achievements
sought by the Soviet experiment; the relationship between Leninism and Stalinism.
WR, HU
* HIST 277Ja, Memory and History in Modern Europe Jennifer Allen
An interdisciplinary study of memory as both a tool in and an agent of modern
European history. Collective memory; the media of memory; the organization and
punctuation of time through commemorative practices; memory of the French
Revolution; memory and rise of nationalism; memory in and of World Wars I and II;
the relationship between memory of the Holocaust and the process of decolonization.
WR, HU
414
* HIST 288Ja / CLCV 408a, Athenian Imperial Democracy Donald Kagan

A history of Greece in the years between the Persian invasion and the Peloponnesian
War, with emphasis on Athens. HU
* HIST 299Jb / HUMS 192b, Intellectuals and Power in Europe Terence Renaud
The role of intellectuals in politics, with a focus on social, cultural, and political
upheavals in Europe during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Whether
intellectuals betray a higher spiritual calling when they enter politics or merely strive to
put their own theories into practice. Modern answers to the question of why ideas and
intellectuals matter. HU
* HIST 306Jb / EAST 464b, Japan and the Ocean, 1600 to the Present Staff
An ocean-centered history of Japan since c. 1600. Practices in the use of land and sea;
how such practices have changed with political unification, political revolution, and the
rise and fall of an empire. Topics include piracy, fisheries diplomacy, sushi, pollution,
and nuclear power. WR, HU
* HIST 308Ja, History and Politics in Early China Annping Chin
How the history and politics of early China came to shape political thinking and policy
debates in two thousand years of imperial rule. WR, HU
* HIST 309Ja / EAST 309a, Uses of the Past in Modern China Denise Ho
Modern China's use of the past in state-sponsored narratives of nation, in attempts to
construct heritage by elites and intellectuals, and in grassroots projects of remembrance.
Theories on history and memory; primary sources in English translation; case studies
from twentieth-century China. Interdisciplinary readings in art history, anthropology,
cultural studies, and history. WR, HU
* HIST 342Ja, The Middle East and the West: A Cultural Encounter Abbas Amanat
Cultural dialogues and confrontation between the modern Middle East and the West
(Europe and North America) and their significance for our time. Western images of
the Orient and discourse of Orientalism, Middle East as a modern construct, Muslim
knowledge of Western modernity, impact of colonialism and territorial conflicts, and
cultural roots of Islamic Jihadism and nonstate terrorist entities. WR, HU
* HIST 358Jb / ER&M 270b / LAST 356b, History of Mexico since Independence
Gilbert Joseph
* HIST 372Ja / ER&M 342a / LAST 372a, Revolutionary Change and Cold War in
* HIST 379Ja / HSHM 447a, History of Chinese Science William Summers
History
415
* HIST 382Ja, Vietnamese History from Earliest Times to 1920 Benedict Kiernan
Evolution of a Vietnamese national identity, from Chinese colonization to medieval
statehood, to French conquest and capitalist development. The roles of Confucianism,
Buddhism, gender, and ethnicity in the Southeast Asian context. WR, HU
* HIST 384Jb / MMES 172b / NELC 403b, The Middle East between Crusaders and
Mongols Adel Allouche
The impact of the Crusades and the Mongol conquests on the Islamic Middle East.
Political, social, and economic changes in the region from the eleventh century to the
middle of the fourteenth. Emphasis on the rise of new dynasties as a result of changes
in the ethnic mosaic of the Middle East. WR, HU
* HIST 385Ja, Reformers and Revolutionaries in the Arab World Rosie Bsheer
Major social and intellectual trends of the Arab world and their relation to major events
and movements of the twentieth century. The influence of colonial, postcolonial, and
neocolonial thought; issues faced by activists, lawyers, feminists, leftists, nationalists,
Islamists, secularists, liberals, and unionists; ways in which such struggles shaped
people's social lives and futures; the causes and implications of current uprisings. WR,
HU
* HIST 387Ja / AFST 487a, West African Islam: Jihad Tradition and Its Pacifist
Opponents Lamin Sanneh
The influence of Islam on state and society, and the encounters of Muslim Africans first
with non-Muslim societies in Africa and then with the modern West in the colonial and
postcolonial periods. Focus on Muslim religious attitudes and responses to the secular
national state and to the Western tradition of the separation of church and state. WR,
HU
* HIST 388Ja / AFST 486a, Slavery and the Slave Trade in Africa Robert Harms
* HIST 398Jb / MMES 173b / NELC 404b, Mamluk Egypt Adel Allouche
A study of the Mamluks, manumitted slaves initially imported to Egypt for military
service who established their own rule over Egypt and Syria (12501517). Focus on the
structure and workings of the Mamluk state. Military, political, economic, and social
factors that contributed to the grandeur and, later, the decline of the Mamluk period in
Egypt and its conquest by the Ottoman Turks. WR, HU
* HIST 405Ja, Emergence of the Nation-State Ariel Ron
The origins and sustaining conditions of nation-states and the emergence of national
consciousness. Political, social, cultural, and economic structures that came to define
and underpin nation-states in the nineteenth century. Case studies examine specific
countries, nationalist thinkers, and religious contexts, including an extended case
study of the early United States. Readings from both theoretical works and historical
monographs. WR, HU
416
* HIST 413Jb / HSHM 420b / PSYC 436b, History of Addiction Henry Cowles
A survey of the understanding and treatment of addiction in the modern period.
Psychology and psychiatry; alcoholism, abstinence, and prohibition; gambling and
other behavioral addictions; recent work on habit formation; and addiction narratives
in literature and film. Readings include primary texts from a range of scientific and
medical fields as well as from court cases, political debates, and social and religious
movements. WR, HU
* HIST 420Ja / HSHM 469a, Photography and the Sciences Chitra Ramalingam
The making of photography's discursive identity as an experimental and evidentiary
medium in the sciences, from its announcement to the public in 1839 to the digital
innovations of the present. Historical and archival perspectives on uses for photography
in different fields of the natural and human sciences. Use of photographic image
collections in the Peabody Museum and the Beinecke Library. WR, HU
* HIST 429Jb / HSHM 412b, The History of the Laboratory Chitra Ramalingam
The social and cultural history of the experimental laboratory as a site for scientific
activity, from early modern origins to the present day. The early modern origins of the
laboratory; private, institutional, and state laboratories; relations between labs and field
stations; the lab in the colonial and developing world; industrial and corporate labs;
laboratory architecture; secrecy and openness; gender in the experimental workplace;
and popular representations of the laboratory. Undergraduate enrollment limited to
juniors and seniors. WR, HU
* HIST 431Jb, Family and Empire Julia Stephens
The role of families in the production and reproduction of political and economic
power from the imperial harems of early modern empires to dynastic families in
contemporary politics. Focus on Asia and the British Empire. Histories of dynastic,
colonial, mixed-race, diasporic, and merchant families. Sources include biographies,
obituaries, letters, legal documents, and novels. WR, HU
* HIST 435Jb / HSHM 437b, The Global Crisis of Malaria Frank Snowden
* HIST 449Ja, The United States and the International System, 17761920 Patrick
Cohrs
The transformation of the modern international system and of America's role in this
system from the American Revolution to the Paris peace conference. Underlying causes
of international conflicts; the Vienna and Versailles peace settlements; the Monroe
Doctrine; international relations in the era of imperialism; the emergence of the United
States as a world power; Woodrow Wilson's pursuit of a "peace to end all wars." WR,
HU
* HIST 464Ja, Law and History Rohit De
The role of law and legal institutions in shaping everyday life. Ways in which societies
throughout history have engaged with law, rules, and legal institutions, from the
Roman Empire to Ottoman Egypt to the U.S. civil rights era. Methodologies and
sources in the study of legal history. WR, HU
History
417
* HIST 467Ja / HSHM 422a, Cartography, Territory, and Identity William Rankin
Exploration of how maps shape assumptions about territory, land, sovereignty, and
identity. The relationship between scientific cartography and conquest, the geography
of statecraft, religious cartographies, encounters between Western and non-Western
cultures, and reactions to cartographic objectivity. Students make their own maps. No
previous experience in cartography or graphic design required. WR, HU
* HIST 481Ja, Grand Narratives in Global History Fabian Drixler
Analysis of recent attempts to find patterns and unifying narratives in the complexity
of world history. Topics include the decline of violence, economic divergences and
global inequality, geographic determinism, climate and history, human history and
the biosphere, demographic and evolutionary perspectives on history, history as
neurochemistry, and the shifting shape of world history from different geographical
vantage points. WR, HU
Writing Tutorial and Senior Essay Courses

* HIST 494a or b, Individual Writing Tutorial Staff
For students who wish, under the supervision of a member of the faculty, to investigate
an area of history not covered by regular departmental offerings. The course may be
used for research or for directed reading. It is normally taken only once. The emphasis
of the tutorial is on writing a long essay or several short ones. To apply for admission,
a student should present the following materials to the director of undergraduate
studies on the Friday before schedules are due: a prospectus of the work proposed, a
bibliography, and a letter of support from a member of the History department faculty
who will direct the tutorial. A form to simplify this process is available from the office
of the director of undergraduate studies.
* HIST 495a or b and HIST 496a or b, The Senior Essay Glenda Gilmore
All senior History majors should attend the mandatory senior essay meeting on
Monday, September 14, 2015, at 3 p.m. in a location to be announced. The senior essay
is a required two-term independent research project conducted under the guidance
of a faculty adviser. As a significant work of primary-source research, it serves as the
capstone project of the History major. The essay takes the form of a substantial article,
not longer than 12,500 words (approximately forty to fifty double-spaced typewritten
pages). This is a maximum limit; there is no minimum requirement. Length will vary
according to the topic and the historical techniques employed. Students expecting to
graduate in May enroll in HIST 495a during the fall term and complete their essays
in HIST 496b in the spring term. December graduates enroll in HIST 495b in the
spring term and complete their essays in HIST 496a during the following fall term;
students planning to begin their essay in the spring term should notify the senior
essay director by December 4, 2015. Each student majoring in History must present a
completed Statement of Intention, signed by a department member who has agreed to
serve as adviser, to the undergraduate History administrator in 237 HGS no later than
September 21, 2015 (for HIST 495a) or January 18, 2016 (for 495b). Blank statement
forms are available in 237 HGS and in the Senior Essay handbook. Students enrolled
in HIST 495 submit to the administrator in 237 HGS a two-to-three-page analysis of
a single primary source and a draft bibliographic essay by the announced deadlines,
and at least ten pages of the essay by December 1, 2015 (495a), or May 2, 2016 (495b).
Those who meet these requirements receive a temporary grade of SAT, which will be
418
changed to the grade received by the essay upon its completion. Failure to meet any
requirement may result in the students being asked to withdraw from HIST 495.
Students enrolled in HIST 496 must submit a completed essay to 211 HGS no later
than 5 p.m. on April 4, 2016, in the spring term, or no later than 5 p.m. on December
7, 2015, in the fall term. Essays submitted after 5 p.m. will be considered as having
been turned in on the following day. If the essay is submitted late without an excuse
from the student's residential college dean, the penalty is one letter grade for the first
day and one-half letter grade for each of the next two days past the deadline. No essay
that would otherwise pass will be failed because it is late, but late essays will not be
considered for departmental or Yale College prizes. All senior departmental essays
will be judged by members of the faculty other than the adviser. In order to graduate
from Yale College, a student majoring in History must achieve a passing grade on the
departmental essay.
History of Art
Director of undergraduate studies: Carol Armstrong, 658 LORIA, 432-2680,
carol.armstrong@yale.edu; arthistory.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY OF ART

Professors Carol Armstrong, Tim Barringer, Edward Cooke, Jr., Diana Kleiner,
Kobena Mercer, Amy Meyers (Adjunct), Mary Miller, Robert Nelson, Jock Reynolds
(Adjunct), Vincent Scully (Emeritus), Nicola Suthor, Robert Thompson (Emeritus),
Mimi Yiengpruksawan
Associate Professors Milette Gaifman, Jacqueline Jung, Kishwar Rizvi
Assistant Professors Craig Buckley, J. D. Connor, Erica James, Youn-mi Kim, Jennifer
Raab, Tamara Sears, Sebastian Zeidler
Lecturers Ruth Barnes, Theresa Fairbanks-Harris, Lisa Ford, Karen Foster, John Stuart
Gordon, Ian McClure, David Sensabaugh, Samuel Shaw, Anne Underhill
Art history is the study of all forms of art, architecture, and visual culture in their social
and historical contexts. The History of Art major can serve either as a general program
in the humanities or as the groundwork for more specialized training. Unless otherwise
indicated, all courses in History of Art are open to all students in Yale College.
Requirements of the major Twelve course credits are required to complete the major:
two introductory courses at the 100 level; four intermediate and advanced courses at the
200 and 300 levels; two seminars at the 400 level; a methods seminar, HSAR 401; two
electives; and the senior essay, HSAR 499.
100-level courses are broad introductory surveys that address basic art history from
a number of regional and thematic perspectives. Prospective majors are encouraged
to take the surveys as early in their course of study as possible. Under certain
circumstances, students who have taken the Advanced Placement test in art history may
earn acceleration credit and, in consultation with the director of undergraduate studies,
may place out of one 100-level course.
Intermediate and advanced courses, numbered above 200, encompass more specialized
surveys and themes in art history. The major requires six courses numbered above
History of Art
419
200, of which two must be seminars numbered above 400; the six courses must satisfy
both a geographical and a chronological distributional requirement. The geographical
requirement is divided into five areas: Africa and the Pacific; the Americas; Asia and
the Near East; Europe; and transregional. The chronological requirement is similarly
divided into five segments: earliest times to 800; 8001500; 15001800; 1800 to the
present; and transchronological. The six intermediate and advanced courses must be
chosen from four different geographical areas and four different time periods; a single
course can fulfill both a geographical and a chronological requirement.
The methods seminar HSAR 401, Critical Approaches to Art History, is a wide-ranging
introduction to the practices of the art historian and the history of the discipline. It is to
be taken during the fall or spring term of the junior year.
Electives may include courses from other departments if they have direct relevance
to the major program of study. Approval of the director of undergraduate studies is
required.
History of Art majors are urged to study foreign languages. Students considering
graduate work should discuss with their advisers the appropriate language training for
their field of interest.
Senior essay The senior essay is a research paper written usually in one term in
HSAR 499. Students choose their own topics, which may derive from research done in
an earlier course. The essay is planned during the previous term in consultation with a
qualified instructor and/or with the director of undergraduate studies. It is also possible
to write a two-term senior essay, with permission of the director of undergraduate
studies. Students wishing to write a two-term essay must submit a petition to the
director of undergraduate studies and the prospective adviser, normally by the first
week after spring break of the junior year.
Procedures The schedules of all majors must be approved and signed by the director
of undergraduate studies. Students may consult the following members of the faculty
about the major:
BK
K. Rizvi
MC
to be announced
BR
M. Gaifman
PC
D. Kleiner
CC
to be announced
SY
M. Miller
DC
E. Cooke
SM
S. Zeidler
TD
to be announced
ES
M. Yiengpruksawan
JE
T. Sears
TC
T. Barringer
Graduate courses Courses in the Graduate School are open to undergraduates with
permission of the instructor and of the director of graduate studies. Course descriptions
are available in the History of Art office in the Jeffrey Loria Center, 190 York Street.

Prerequisites None
Number of courses 12 course credits
420
Distribution of courses 2 courses at 100 level; 6 courses numbered above 200, 2 of

which must be 400-level seminars, fulfilling distributional requirements in 4
geographical and 4 chronological categories; 2 electives
Specific course required HSAR 401
Substitution permitted With DUS permission, 2 electives from related depts
Senior requirement Senior essay (HSAR 499)
Courses
* HSAR 009a / AFAM 008a / AFST 008a, Aesthetics and Meaning in African Arts
HSAR 112a, Introduction to the History of Art: Prehistory to the Renaissance
Jacqueline Jung
Form as meaning in architecture, sculpture, and painting. Selected studies in these arts
from prehistory to the Renaissance. Source readings in translation. HU
HSAR 115b, Introduction to the History of Art: Renaissance to the Present Tim
Barringer
Painting, sculpture, and graphic arts, with some reference to architecture. Selected
major works and artists treated in terms of form, function, and historical context.
Introduction to visual analysis. Special attention to contact between Europe and its
others. HU
HSAR 142a / RLST 187a / SAST 265a, Introduction to the History of Art: The
Islamic contact. HU
HSAR 238a / ARCG 238a / NELC 107a, Buried Cities: Thera, Pompeii, and
HSAR 247b / ARCG 161b / CLCV 161b, Art and Myth in Greek Antiquity Milette
Gaifman
Gallery. HU
History of Art
421
* HSAR 251a / FREN 366a, Writers and Artists in Paris, 17801914 Marie-Hlne
Girard
Ways in which the transformation of Paris shaped the representation of artists who
lived and worked in the French capital from the end of the Old Regime until the eve
of World War I. The emergence of Paris as a cultural marker; the role played by the
image of the bohemian or the artiste maudit. Authors and artists include David, Balzac,
Delacroix, Baudelaire, Manet, Mallarm, impressionist painters, and Picasso. L5, HU
HSAR 252a / ARCG 252a / CLCV 175a, Roman Architecture Diana Kleiner
HSAR 265a, Art of Byzantium, 850-1200 Robert Nelson
A survey of the art of Byzantium, a multinational empire that considered itself the direct
successor to ancient Rome. Mosaics, churches, icons, enamels, silks, and carved ivories
are placed in the context of the empire, the theology of religious images, and the history
of devotional practices. HU
HSAR 273b, Art of Gothic Cathedrals Jacqueline Jung
European Gothic churches (11401400) explored as multimedia architectural
environments in which stained glass, sculpture, textiles, and liturgical furnishings
are integral aspects of design and meaning. Buildings considered for their formal and
material qualities and as sites of ritual performance and signs of political and social
power. Recommended preparation: HSAR 112. HU
HSAR 281b, Visual Arts in the Age of Reason Nicola Suthor
Visual arts of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Focus on how the arts were
an essential component of the so-called Age of Reason, synonymous with the Age of
Enlightenment. HU
HSAR 308a, Art and Music in Britain from The Beggar's Opera to Punk Rock Tim
Barringer
The relationship between art and music in British culture from the courts of the
seventeenth century to the present day. Focus on collaborations between musicians and
artists and on the juxtaposition of elite and popular strands in British culture. Close
examination of key works, from William Lawes's Britannia Triumphans and John Gay's
The Beggar's Opera to the Sex Pistols' "God Save the Queen." HU
* HSAR 310b / HUMS 270b, Futurism: The Shock of the New Amerigo Fabbri
Cultural and intellectual shifts in literature, philosophy, and the arts at the end of the
nineteenth century, marking the rise of modernism. Futurism, surrealism, and other
avant-garde movements that transformed into art the dramatic challenges of a new
technological and psychological reality. HU
HSAR 323a, Early Twentieth-Century Art Sebastian Zeidler
Modern art in Europe and America, c. 18801945. Topics include individual artists
(Rodin, Brancusi), historical avant-gardes (Dadaism, surrealism), the transformation
of traditional media such as painting and sculpture, and the invention of collage and
photomontage. HU
422
* HSAR 325b / ARCH 261b, History of Architecture II: The Eighteenth Century to the
Millennium Eeva-Liisa Pelkonen
Modern architecture and urbanism from the eighteenth century to the end of the
twentieth. Genesis and meaning of architectural form, applying national, cultural, and
international contexts. HU
HSAR 328a / FILM 285a, Disney J. D. Connor
History of the Walt Disney Company from origins to today. Early animation, popular
modernism, mid-century television, development of the theme parks and nature films,
the Disney princess, the animation renaissance, and the current portfolio of brands,
such as Pixar, Marvel, and LucasFilm. WR, HU
HSAR 329b, Picasso and Matisse Sebastian Zeidler
An in-depth survey of two major modern painters: Picasso from the 1890s to Guernica,
Matisse from neo-impressionism to the postwar years. Focus on historically informed
visual analysis. HU
HSAR 346a, Twentieth-Century Photography Carol Armstrong
The history of photography during the twentieth century. Technological advances
such as hand-held cameras with spooled film, the half-tone method of photographic
reproduction, and digital images. Photography in mass print culture and in museums;
the rise of cinema; divisions between amateur and professional photographers; the
challenge to painting as the dominant image form. HU
HSAR 351b, Chinese Landscape Painting Youn-mi Kim
Historical overview of Chinese landscape painting from the fourth to the twentieth
century, with an emphasis on stylistic development. Painting theory and aesthetics;
social discourse related to landscape painting in premodern Chinese intellectual history;
the Chinese response to Western art in modern times. Examination of paintings from
the Yale University Art Gallery. HU
HSAR 357a or b, Art and Architecture of Japan Mimi Yiengpruksawan
Survey of Japanese art and architecture from earliest times through the early nineteenth
century. Introduction to paradigmatic monuments, with a focus on programmatic
multimedia ensembles as found at Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines, Zen monastic
enclaves, military installations and castles, vernacular living spaces, and public
institutions of governance. HU
HSAR 374a / AFAM 189a, Black Art and Material Culture in Early Modern America
Erica James
This course engages histories of black representation and artistic production by black
people in the United States from the colonial period through the Harlem Renaissance.
It offers a comprehensive overview and critique of black expressive forms across media,
in relation to mainline discourses of American art and within the context of American
economic, cultural, social, and political histories. HU
* HSAR 401a or b, Critical Approaches to Art History Staff
A wide-ranging introduction to the methods of the art historian and the history of
the discipline. Themes include connoisseurship, iconography, formalism, and selected
methodologies informed by contemporary theory. WR, HU
History of Art
423
* HSAR 403a, Observation and Analysis Theresa Fairbanks

A survey of the techniques and materials employed in Western painting, sculpture, and
graphic arts from antiquity to the present. Modern examination techniques analyzed as
tools for connoisseurship, dating, and authentication, including study of age, damage,
and restoration as they change works of art. General concepts of preservation and
conservation. HU RP
* HSAR 426b, American Silver John Gordon
Objects made of silver as important markers of taste and social position in America
from the beginning of colonial settlement to the present. The progression of styles,
associated technologies, uses, political meanings, and cultural contexts of American
silver. Use of objects from the American silver collection of the Yale University Art
Gallery. HU
* HSAR 438b, The Altarpiece in Northern Europe, 12501500 Jacqueline Jung
Medieval European altarpieces as dynamic multimedia installations with a twofold
identity: ritual objects that rendered sacred teachings visible during mass, and works of
art that prompted painters and carvers to create dazzling displays of visual splendor and
technical bravura. HU
* HSAR 446a, Portraiture: Revolution to Romanticism Tim Barringer
Study of portrait production in England and France from roughly 1770 to 1830, when
portraiture not only reflected but advanced major social and political changes. Artists
include Vige-Lebrun, Reynolds, David, Gainsborough, Ingres, and Gricault. Focus on
the examination of objects from the Yale Center for British Art and the Yale University
Art Gallery. HU
* HSAR 453a, Textiles of Asia, 8001800 C.E. Ruth Barnes
Survey of the great textile traditions of China, India, and the Islamic world from the
ninth through eighteenth centuries C.E. The roles of central and southeast Asia in
the transmission of styles and techniques. The cultural meaning, mobility, and crosscultural significance of textiles in Asia. Extensive use of the Yale University Art Gallery's
textile collections. HU
* HSAR 460a / ENGL 247a, Writing about Contemporary Figurative Art Margaret
Spillane
A workshop on journalistic strategies for looking at and writing about contemporary
paintings of the human figure. Practitioners and theorists of figurative painting;
controversies, partisans, and opponents. Includes field trips to museums and galleries
in New York City. Admission by application only. Application details and forms are
available at english.yale.edu/undergraduate/applications-and-deadlines. WR, HU
* HSAR 466b, The Technical Examination of Art Ian McClure
Introduction to methods used in the technical examination of works of art, including
critical assessment of the information such methods provide. What technical
examination can reveal about the materials and techniques used in a particular work's
creation and about its subsequent history.
* HSAR 469b / FILM 403, Filmscapes: The Art of Artifice J. D. Connor
An intensive survey of filmic design. Themes include the credit sequence, art deco and
the "Paramount look," the historical film, the near future, the monumental landscape,
the explicitly artificial world, and the virtualization of production design. HU
424
* HSAR 471a / AFAM 346a, Black Atlantic Photography Kobena Mercer

* HSAR 475b, Chinese Painting in the Seventeenth Century David Sensabaugh
Chinese painting from the masters of the late Ming period to the individualist and
orthodox masters of the early Qing dynasty. Issues of art based on either art or nature.
Attention to paintings from the period in the Yale University Art Gallery collection.
HU
* HSAR 483a, Chinese Funerary Art Youn-mi Kim
Examination of major Chinese tomb sites from the third century B.C.E. to the
thirteenth century C.E., including the famous terracotta army of the First Emperor.
Traces of religious rituals and of beliefs about the afterlife in funerary artworks; the
relations among visual art, religious views, and social values. HU
* HSAR 490b / FILM 320b, Close Analysis of Film J. D. Connor
Ways in which traditional genres and alternative film forms establish or subvert
convention and expectation and express thematic and ideological concerns. The
balancing of narrative containment and excess, as well as action and image. Use of body
and voice, space and music. Examples include films by Antonioni, Zhang, Ozu, and
Hitchcock. Prerequisite: FILM 150. HU
* HSAR 496b, Art of the Surrealist Avant-Garde Sebastian Zeidler
The major figures of the French surrealist movement, c. 192425, including all visual
mediapainting, sculpture, photography, collage, frottage, the "exquisite corpse,"
and the "found object." Topics include surrealism and psychoanalysis; primitivism;
eroticism and the construction of gender; and the art-theoretical schism between
Breton and Bataille, the movement's preeminent thinkers. HU
* HSAR 498a or b, Independent Tutorial Staff
For students who wish to pursue a subject in the history of art not otherwise covered
by departmental offerings. May be used for research or directed reading under
faculty supervision. A term paper or its equivalent and regular meetings with the
adviser are required. To apply for admission, a student should present a prospectus
and a bibliography, signed by the adviser, to the director of undergraduate studies.
Enrollment limited to History of Art majors.
* HSAR 499a or b, The Senior Essay Carol Armstrong
Preparation of a research paper about thirty pages long under the direction of a
qualified instructor. The essay is written in either the fall or the spring term of the
senior year, though preferably in the fall term. Students write on subjects of their
own choice. During the term before the essay is written, students plan the project
in consultation with a qualified instructor or with the director of undergraduate
studies. No student is permitted to enroll in HSAR 499 without submitting a project
statement, with the formal title of the essay and a brief description of the subject to
be treated. The statement must be signed by the student's adviser and presented to
the director of undergraduate studies before the student's schedule can be approved.
The student must submit a suitable project outline and bibliography to the adviser and
History of Science, Medicine, and Public Health
425
the director of undergraduate studies early in the term. The outline should indicate
the focus and scope of the essay topic, as well as the proposed research methodology;
the bibliography should be annotated. Students must also complete a library research
colloquium for the senior essay. For essays submitted in the fall term, the deadline for
the outline is September 18; for those in the spring term, January 29. Senior essays
written in the fall term are due on December 11; those in the spring term on April 25.
Two copies must be submitted to the director of undergraduate studies. Failure to
comply with any deadline will be penalized by a lower final grade. No late essay will
be considered for a prize in the department. Permission may be given to write a twoterm essay after consultation with an adviser and the director of undergraduate studies.
Only those who have begun to do advanced work in a given area and whose project is
considered to be of exceptional promise are eligible. The requirements for the one-term
senior essay apply to the two-term essay, except that the essay should be from fifty to
sixty pages in length.

Director of undergraduate studies: William Rankin, HGS 206, 432-1354,
william.rankin@yale.edu; hshm.yale.edu
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE,

MEDICINE, AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Professors Naomi Rogers, William Summers, John Warner
Associate Professor Paola Bertucci
Assistant Professors Henry Cowles, Joanna Radin, William Rankin
Senior Lecturer Rebecca Tannenbaum
Affiliated Faculty Toby Appel (Yale University Library), Dimitri Gutas (Near Eastern
Languages & Civilizations), Jennifer Klein (History), Joanne Meyerowitz (History), Amy
Meyers (Yale Center for British Art), Alan Mikhail (History), Kevin Repp (Yale University
Library), Paul Sabin (History), Gordon Shepherd (School of Medicine), Frank Snowden
(History), Jenifer Van Vleck (History)
History of Science, Medicine, and Public Health is an interdisciplinary program that
focuses on how different forms of knowledge and technology have been created in
various times, places, and cultures, and how they have shaped the modern world.
The program explores questions such as whether science is universal, or whether each
culture has its own approach to trustworthy knowledge; the relationship between
medical expertise, social structure, and everyday life; the nature of technology and
its relationship to political, economic, and military power; reasons why even the best
public health campaigns have unintended consequences.
Course topics include the Scientific Revolution, medicine and media in modern
America, health activism and public health, global health and epidemics, biotechnology,
predictions of planetary catastrophe, and the historical development of the physical,
environmental, biological, and human sciences.
A major in History of Science, Medicine, and Public Health offers excellent preparation
for a wide range of careers. Premedical students and others interested in health-related
426
fields can combine preprofessional training with a broad humanistic education. The
major also provides a solid foundation for any career at the intersection of the sciences,
technology, and public life, including law, business, journalism, museum work, public
policy, and government.
Requirements of the major The major in History of Science, Medicine, and Public
Health requires twelve term courses, including the two-term senior requirement.
Students select a pathway of seven courses that guides them through an area of
specialization. The seven pathway courses must include two courses in History of
Science, Medicine, and Public Health; one seminar numbered 100 or above in History
of Science, Medicine, and Public Health or in History; one science course; and three
electives chosen from relevant courses in any department.
The five standard pathways in the major are medicine and public health; global
health; science, technology, and power; gender and sexuality; and arts and media.
Students may also design customized pathways in consultation with the director of
undergraduate studies. No later than the beginning of the junior year, students in the
major must select a standard pathway or indicate that they wish to design their own.
Beyond the seven pathway courses, students must complete three additional electives
in History of Science, Medicine, and Public Health. One of the electives must be a
seminar, and one must be chosen from a pathway other than the one selected for the
major. All courses for the major are chosen in collaboration with the student's adviser.
Senior requirement By the end of reading period in the spring term of the junior
year, students choose whether they will work toward a yearlong or a one-term senior
project. Yearlong senior projects are completed in HSHM 490, 491; one-term projects
are completed in HSHM 492. Students who choose a one-term project must take an
additional seminar in History of Science, Medicine, and Public Health during the
final term of the senior year. Distinction in the Major is awarded only to students who
complete a yearlong senior project.
For both the one-term and yearlong senior projects, students select a project adviser,
propose a tentative topic and title, and submit a proposal to the senior project director.
The final product of the senior requirement may be a written essay or an alternative
project such as a film, exhibition, catalog, atlas, or historical data reconstruction.
In the case of an alternative project, the student must identify a second reader in
addition to the adviser before the project is approved by the senior project director.
Either the adviser or the second reader must be a member of the faculty in History
of Science, Medicine, and Public Health. A written component to the senior project
must illustrate sources and the intellectual significance of the project. For more details
about requirements and deadlines, majors should consult the HSHM Senior Project
Handbook; copies are available from the senior project director and on the program's
Web site (http://hshm.yale.edu).

Prerequisites None
427
Distribution of courses 7 courses in pathway, incl 2 HSHM courses, 1 sem in HSHM

or Hist, 1 science course, and 3 electives; 3 addtl HSHM electives, incl 1 sem and 1
course outside major pathway
Senior requirement Yearlong project (HSHM 490, 491), or one-term project
(HSHM 492) and 1 addtl HSHM sem
Courses
* HSHM 007a / HUMS 076a, Epidemics in Global Perspective William Summers
Program. HU, SO
HSHM 204b / AMST 163b / EVST 120b / HIST 120b, American Environmental
History Paul Sabin
HSHM 211b / EVST 211b / G&G 211b / HIST 143b, Catastrophe and the Earth Sciences
HSHM 212b / HIST 146b / HLTH 280b, Historical Perspectives on Global Health
Joanna Radin
HSHM 216a / CGSC 135a / HIST 118a / PSYC 135a, Minds and Brains in America
Henry Cowles
428
* HSHM 411a / HIST 141Ja, Science from Newton to Neutrons William Summers
Major themes and ideas in science from the seventeenth century through the twentieth.
Focus on evolving descriptions and theories of matter and energy, physics, and
chemistry. The evolution of Newtonian ideas to the world of modern physics and the
transition from alchemical thinking to the chemical revolution. WR, HU
* HSHM 412b / HIST 429Jb, The History of the Laboratory Chitra Ramalingam
The social and cultural history of the experimental laboratory as a site for scientific
activity, from early modern origins to the present day. The early modern origins of the
laboratory; private, institutional, and state laboratories; relations between labs and field
stations; the lab in the colonial and developing world; industrial and corporate labs;
laboratory architecture; secrecy and openness; gender in the experimental workplace;
and popular representations of the laboratory. Undergraduate enrollment limited to
juniors and seniors. WR, HU
* HSHM 420b / HIST 413Jb / PSYC 436b, History of Addiction Henry Cowles
movements. WR, HU
* HSHM 422a / HIST 467Ja, Cartography, Territory, and Identity William Rankin
* HSHM 432b / ER&M 360b / HLTH 370b / SOCY 390b / WGSS 390b, Politics of
* HSHM 437b / HIST 435Jb, The Global Crisis of Malaria Frank Snowden
* HSHM 445a / HIST 142Ja / WGSS 453a, Women and Medicine in America from the
429
* HSHM 447a / HIST 379Ja, History of Chinese Science William Summers

* HSHM 455a / WGSS 460a, History of the Body: Science, Medicine, and the Arts
Staff
The body as a site of knowledge in science, medicine, and the arts from antiquity to
the present. The history of anatomy from Leonardo to the Body Worlds exhibits;
the artificial body from the cyborg to cosmetic surgery; the gendering of natural
knowledge. WR, HU
* HSHM 469a / HIST 420Ja, Photography and the Sciences Chitra Ramalingam
The making of photography's discursive identity as an experimental and evidentiary
medium in the sciences, from its announcement to the public in 1839 to the digital
innovations of the present. Historical and archival perspectives on uses for photography
in different fields of the natural and human sciences. Use of photographic image
collections in the Peabody Museum and the Beinecke Library. WR, HU
* HSHM 470a or b and HSHM 471a or b, Directed Reading Staff
Readings directed by members of the faculty on topics in the history of science,
medicine, or public health not covered by regular course offerings. Subjects depend on
the interests of students and faculty. Weekly conferences; required papers.
* HSHM 490a or b and HSHM 491a or b, Yearlong Senior Project Staff
Preparation of a yearlong senior project under the supervision of a member of the
faculty. There will be a mandatory meeting at the beginning of the term for students
who have chosen the yearlong senior project; students will be notified of the time and
location by e-mail before classes begin. Majors planning to begin their projects who do
not receive this notice should contact the senior project director. Students expecting to
graduate in May enroll in HSHM 490 during the fall term and complete their projects
in HSHM 491 in the spring term. December graduates enroll in HSHM 490 in the
spring term and complete their projects in HSHM 491 during the following fall term.
Majors planning to begin their projects in the spring term should notify the senior
project director by the last day of classes in the fall term. Students must meet progress
requirements by specific deadlines throughout the first term to receive a temporary
grade of SAT for HSHM 490, which will be changed to the grade received by the
project upon the project's completion. Failure to meet any requirement may result
in the student's being asked to withdraw from HSHM 490. For details about project
requirements and deadlines, consult the HSHM Senior Project Handbook. Students
enrolled in HSHM 491 must submit a completed project to 211 HGS no later than 5
p.m. on April 4, 2016, in the spring term, or no later than 5 p.m. on November 30,
2015, in the fall term. Projects submitted after 5 p.m. on the due date without an excuse
from the student's residential college dean will be subject to grade penalties. Credit for
HSHM 490 only on completion of HSHM 491.
* HSHM 492a or b, One-Term Senior Project Staff
Preparation of a one-term senior project under the supervision of an HSHM
faculty member, or of an affiliated faculty member with approval of the director of
undergraduate studies. There will be a mandatory meeting at the beginning of the
term for students who have chosen the one-term senior project; students will be
430
notified of the time and location by e-mail before classes begin. Majors planning to
begin their projects who do not receive this notice should contact the senior project
director. Students expecting to graduate in May enroll in HSHM 492 during the fall
term. December graduates enroll in HSHM 492 in the preceding spring term. Students
planning to begin their project in the spring should notify the senior essay director by
the last day of classes in the fall term. Majors must submit a completed Statement of
Intention form signed by the faculty member who has agreed to supervise the project
to the HSHM administrator in 207 HGS no later than September 18, 2015 (HSHM
492a), or January 19, 2016 (HSHM 492b). Blank statement forms are available in 207
HGS and in the HSHM Senior Project Handbook. Students enrolled in HSHM 492
must submit a completed senior project to 211 HGS no later than 5 p.m. on December
14, 2015, in the fall term, or no later than 5 p.m. on May 2, 2016, in the spring term.
Projects submitted after 5 p.m. on the due date without an excuse from the student's
residential college dean will be subject to grade penalties.
Human Rights
Program director: James Silk, L39 SLB, 432-1729, humanrights.program@yale.edu;
humanrights.yale.edu
ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR THE SPECIAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM IN

HUMAN RIGHTS
Vanessa Agard-Jones (Women's, Gender, & Sexuality Studies), Seyla Benhabib (Political
Science, Philosophy), Crystal Feimster (African American Studies), Moira Fradinger
(Comparative Literature), Inderpal Grewal (Women's, Gender, & Sexuality Studies),
Gilbert Joseph (History), Benedict Kiernan (History), Alice Miller (Law School, Public
Health), Thomas Pogge (Philosophy), Thania Sanchez (Political Science), James Silk
(Law School), David Simon (Political Science), Jay Winter (History), Elisabeth Wood
(Political Science)
The Special Academic Program in Human Rights presents human rights as a rich and
interdisciplinary field of study. The program provides students with the analytical,
conceptual, and practical skills necessary for human rights study; connects students
to affiliate faculty and peers; supports student research projects and internships; and
offers career guidance in the field.
Students apply to the the Special Academic Program in Human Rights during the fall
term of the sophomore year. They also complete the requirements of a Yale College
major. Yale College does not offer a major in human rights.
To fulfill the requirements of the program, students complete a gateway course,
four electives, and a capstone project. The gateway course equips students with the
theoretical tools necessary for studying human rights, their evolution, and their
justification. It introduces a number of contemporary issues such as gender disparities,
racial discrimination, climate change, global health, human trafficking, refugees, world
poverty, and humanitarian intervention. Students select four electives from a list of
eligible courses provided at the start of each term. A capstone project, informed by
extracurricular experience, is developed in consultation with the program director.
Humanities
431
Additional information is available at the Human Rights Web page (http://

humanrights.yale.edu).
Humanities
Director of undergraduate studies: Norma Thompson, Whitney Humanities Center,
53 Wall St., 432-1313, norma.thompson@yale.edu; chair: Bryan Garsten, 53 Wall St.,
432-0670, bryan.garsten@yale.edu; www.yale.edu/humanities
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF HUMANITIES

Professors Jeffrey Alexander (Sociology), Dudley Andrew (Film & Media Studies,
Comparative Literature), Seyla Benhabib (Political Science), R. Howard Bloch (French),
Harold Bloom (Humanities), Leslie Brisman (English), David Bromwich (English),
Rdiger Campe (German), Francesco Casetti (Humanities), Stephen Davis (Religious
Studies, History), Wai Chee Dimock (English), Carlos Eire (History, Religious Studies),
Benjamin Foster (Near Eastern Languages & Civilizations), Paul Freedman (History),
Kirk Freudenburg (Classics), Bryan Garsten (Political Science), Phyllis Granoff (Religious
Studies), Emily Greenwood (Classics), Frank Griffel (Religious Studies), Karsten
Harries (Philosophy), Christine Hayes (Religious Studies, Judaic Studies), Carol Jacobs
(German), Edward Kamens (East Asian Languages & Literatures), Alice Kaplan (French),
Anthony Kronman (School of Law), Kathryn Lofton (Religious Studies, American Studies,
History), Tina Lu (East Asian Languages & Literatures), John MacKay (Slavic Languages
& Literatures), Stefanie Markovits (English), Brigitte Peucker (German), Steven Pincus
(History), Leon Plantinga (Emeritus) (Music), Joseph Roach (English, Theater Studies),
John Rogers (English), Andrew Sabl (Ethics, Politics, & Economics) (Visiting), Maurice
Samuels (French), Steven Smith (Political Science, Philosophy), William Summers
(History of Medicine), Henry Sussman (German) (Visiting), Gary Tomlinson (Music,
Humanities), Francesca Trivellato (History), Katie Trumpener (Comparative Literature),
Jing Tsu (East Asian Languages & Literatures), Miroslav Volf (Divinity School), Anders
Winroth (History), Ruth Yeazell (English)
Associate Professors Paola Bertucci (History, History of Medicine), Sarah Demers
(Physics), Toni Dorfman (Adjunct) (Theater Studies), Martin Hgglund (Comparative
Literature, Humanities), Karuna Mantena (Political Science), Andrew March (Political
Science), Paul North (German), Marci Shore (History), Kirk Wetters (German)
Assistant Professors Rebekah Ahrendt (Music), Marijeta Bozovic (Slavic Languages
& Literatures), Molly Brunson (Slavic Languages & Literatures), Thomas C. Connolly
(French), Henry Cowles (History of Medicine, History), Emily Erikson (Sociology), Bella
Grigoryan (Slavic Languages & Literatures), Christiana Purdy Moudarres (Italian), Isaac
Nakhimovsky (History), Dixa Ramirez (American Studies)
Senior Lecturers Peter Cole (Judaic Studies), Ronald Gregg (Film & Media Studies),
Charles Hill (Humanities), Stuart Semmel (History, Humanities), Kathryn Slanski
(Humanities, Near Eastern Languages & Civilizations), Norma Thompson (Humanities),
Christian Wiman (Institute of Sacred Music, Divinity School)
Lecturers Jeffrey Brenzel (Yale College), Karla Britton (Divinity School), Emily
Coates (Theater Studies), Matthew Croasmun (Religious Studies), Amerigo Fabbri
(Humanities), Hilary Fink (Slavic Languages & Literatures), Karen Foster (Near Eastern
Languages & Civilizations), Mia Reinoso Genoni (History of Art), Virginia Jewiss
432
(Humanities), Camille Lizarribar (Humanities), Judith Malafronte (Music), Thomas

Miller (Humanities), Terence Renaud (Humanities), Karin Roffman (Humanities,
English), Pamela Schirmeister (English), George Syrimis (Hellenic Studies)
The undergraduate program in Humanities guides students in integrating courses from
across the humanistic disciplines into intellectually coherent and personally meaningful
courses of study. Works of literature, music, history, philosophy, and the visual arts are
brought into conversation with one another and with the history of ideas. Students in
all classes can find options in the varied course offerings, from special seminars for firstyear students to the Franke and Shulman Seminars for seniors. Many courses are open
to nonmajors.
The major in Humanities asks students to begin with broad surveys of foundational
works in at least two different cultural traditions, including at least one course on
classical Western European texts. All majors in the Class of 2018 and subsequent
classes take two specially-commissioned core seminars, each co-taught by two faculty
members from different but complementary fields of study. After taking these core
seminars, students in the major share a broad grounding in several cultural traditions,
the experience of having grappled with the question of what "modernity" is, and
the experience of having spent a term interpreting a single work (or small corpus of
works) in great depth. Students then craft an area of concentration according to their
interests and with the help of appropriate faculty members. The major offers breadth
and interdisciplinary scope even as it encourages depth and intellectual coherence.
Requirements of the major for the Class of 2017 and previous classes Students in the
Class of 2017 and previous classes may fulfill the requirements of the Humanities major
that were in place when they entered the major, as described in previous editions of this
bulletin (http://www.yale.edu/printer/bulletin/archivepdffiles/YCPS).
Requirements of the major for the Class of 2018 and subsequent classes Fourteen
term courses are required for the major, including three foundational works surveys,
two core seminars, one course in each of four areas of study in the humanities (which
may include the Franke and Shulman Seminars), four additional electives selected
to complement the student's area of concentration (with approval of the director of
undergraduate studies), and a one- or two-term senior essay. Majors in Humanities
are strongly encouraged to enroll in at least one term course in literature in a foreign
language. Students are expected to declare their intent to major in Humanities in a
meeting with the director of undergraduate studies before their junior year.
Foundations Three broad surveys of foundational works in any cultural tradition
are required, such as HIST 280, The Catholic Intellectual Tradition, EALL 200,
The Chinese Tradition, or RLST 189, Introduction to Indian Philosophy. One or
two foundations courses must be in the classical tradition of Western Europe, such
as Directed Studies, or ENGL 129, Tragedy in the European Literary Tradition, or
CLCV 256, Ancient Athenian Civilization.
Core seminars The major requires two core seminars, one in "Modernities" and one
in "Interpretations. Each core seminar is taught by a pair of faculty members from
complementary disciplines. The two broad themes of the seminars remain consistent
Humanities
433
from year to year, but the material studied and the faculty members teaching change,
allowing each class of students to explore the themes in different ways.
Areas of study in the humanities One course is required in each of four areas:
literature; visual, musical, or dramatic arts; science in the humanities; and intellectual
history and historical analysis. Courses may be drawn from any department or program
in Yale College, with the approval of the director of undergraduate studies.
The Franke Seminar and the Shulman Seminar Sponsored by the Whitney
Humanities Center and designed to speak across disciplinary lines to broad public and
intellectual issues, the Franke Seminar and the Shulman Seminar each include a series
of coordinated public lectures. The seminars are for enrolled students; the lecture series
are open to the Yale and local communities. Humanities majors may enroll in a Franke
or a Shulman Seminar with permission of the director of undergraduate studies and the
instructor.
Summer program in Rome Humanities majors who take the spring-term course
HUMS 444, The City of Rome, (or its equivalent, with instructor approval) and
develop individual research topics to be pursued in Rome may apply for enrollment in
a two-credit summer course offered by Yale Summer Session. Museums, archaeological
sites, churches, piazzas, libraries, and the city itself are part of the classroom for the
summer course. Further information is available on the Humanities program Web site
(http://www.yale.edu/humanities/summer.html) and the Yale Summer Session Web
site (http://summer.yale.edu).

Prerequisites None
Number of courses 14 term courses (incl senior essay)
Distribution of courses 3 foundations courses; 2 core sems; 1 course in each of 4
disciplinary areas; 4 electives in concentration
Senior requirement Senior essay (HUMS 491)
Seminars for Freshmen

Program. HU, SO
* HUMS 078a, Shakespeare and Music Judith Malafronte
The use of music in Shakespeare's plays, from the original stagings and seventeenthcentury adaptations to modern productions. Consideration of operatic versions of the
plays from the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first centuries. Includes a field trip
to New York City. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under
434
Core Seminars
* HUMS 400a / FREN 399a / PLSC 316a, Modernities R. Howard Bloch and Steven
Smith
* HUMS 401b / EALL 318b, Interpretations: The Dream of the Red Chamber Tina
Lu and R. Howard Bloch
Close reading of the eighteenth-century Chinese novel The Dream of the Red Chamber
in translation, with some attention to secondary and theoretical materials. The novel is
used to examine humanistic questions, including what it means to read across cultures.
Priority to Humanities majors. HU
Humanities Electives
* HUMS 150a, Shakespeare and the Canon: Histories, Comedies, and Poems Harold
Bloom
A reading of Shakespeare's histories, comedies, and poems, with an emphasis on their
originality in regard to tradition and their influence on Western representation since the
seventeenth century. Secondary readings included. HU
* HUMS 151b, Shakespeare and the Canon: Tragedies and Romances Harold Bloom
A reading of Shakespeare's tragedies and romances, with an emphasis on their
originality in regard to tradition and their influence on Western representation since the
seventeenth century. Secondary readings included. HU
* HUMS 152a, Poetic Influence from Shakespeare to Keats Harold Bloom
The complexities of poetic influence in the traditions of the English language, from
Shakespeare to Keats. HU
* HUMS 153b, Poetic Influence from Tennyson and Whitman to the Present Harold
Bloom
The complexities of poetic influence in the tradition of the English language, from
Tennyson and Whitman to the present. HU
* HUMS 184a, Experiments in Twentieth-Century Literary Biography Karin
Roffman
The history and practice of literary biography explored through groundbreaking
experiments in form and theory. Ethics and responsibilities in the shifting relationship
between biographer and subject. Complexities in research and writing, including
multiple perspectives on the same event, contradictory archival evidence, and
conflicting narrative truth. Focus on modern biographies and recent novels that
examine the process of writing a life. HU
* HUMS 192b / HIST 299Jb, Intellectuals and Power in Europe Terence Renaud
The role of intellectuals in politics, with a focus on social, cultural, and political
upheavals in Europe during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Whether
intellectuals betray a higher spiritual calling when they enter politics or merely strive to
put their own theories into practice. Modern answers to the question of why ideas and
intellectuals matter. HU
Humanities
435
* HUMS 193b, Screening the Past Stuart Semmel

An interdisciplinary study of cinematic representations of the historical past. Films
that treat historical events realistically; others that deliberately present history as it did
not happen. Standards that can be applied to judge history on the screen; lessons for
evaluating history on the page. HU
* HUMS 205a, Boundaries of the Body in Law and Literature Camille Lizarrbar
The representation of the human body in law and literature. Bodies as physical
structures that inhabit multiple realms, including material, cultural, historical, and
symbolic. Ways in which humans think about and give meaning to their bodies in
relationship to themselves and to others. Additional sources include film, television,
and journalism. WR, HU
* HUMS 231b / MUSI 435b, Music in European Thought: Three Moments in the
Modern Era Leon Plantinga
An inquiry into the role of music and thought about music at three critical junctures
in the intellectual and cultural history of modern Europe: the birth of modernity
and opera; the Enlightenment and the classical style; and German romanticism and
Beethoven. HU
* HUMS 270b / HSAR 310b, Futurism: The Shock of the New Amerigo Fabbri
Cultural and intellectual shifts in literature, philosophy, and the arts at the end of the
nineteenth century, marking the rise of modernism. Futurism, surrealism, and other
avant-garde movements that transformed into art the dramatic challenges of a new
technological and psychological reality. HU
* HUMS 300b, Oratory in Statecraft Charles Hill
A seminar and practicum in oratory, the first tool of leadership. A study of oratory as it
provides direction, builds support, and drives action on a strategic agenda. Analysis of
speeches in antiquity, the early modern era, and the unique American voice: Edwards to
Lincoln to King. HU
* HUMS 310a, Aristotelian Statecraft Charles Hill
Connections between working practices and governance from Aristotle to Aquinas to
Arendt. Statecraft as a practical art to be understood and informed by the structures and
methods of agriculture, navigation, fishing, hunting, cooking, mountaineering, flying,
athletics, and shipbuilding. Ways in which actions produce ideas transferable to such
matters of statecraft as law and diplomacy. HU
* HUMS 353a, The World of Augustine's Confessions Staff
A close study of the Confessions of Augustine. Additional readings by Vergil, Cicero,
Paul, Plotinus, Tertullian, and Apuleius place Augustines work in the intellectual
context of the waning of the Roman empire and the rise of Christianity. HU Tr
* HUMS 383b, Evidence in Humanistic Inquiry Norma Thompson and Mia Reinoso
Genoni
Study of observation and judgment as the critical tools of humanistic inquiry. Textual
exegesis of historical, philosophical, rhetorical, and literary works; visual analysis of
paintings, prints, sculpture, architecture, and mixed media. Ways in which humans see,
evaluate, and understand. HU
436
* HUMS 411b, Life Worth Living Staff

Comparative exploration of the shape of the life advocated by several of the world's
normative traditions, both religious and nonreligious. Concrete instantiations of
these traditions explored through contemporary exemplars drawn from outside the
professional religious or philosophical spheres. Readings from the founding texts of
Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Marxism, and utilitarianism. HU
* HUMS 427b / ENGL 456b / JDST 316b / LITR 348b, The Practice of Literary
HU
* HUMS 434a / CLCV 113a / NELC 230a, Mesopotamia's Literary Legacy Kathryn
Slanski
HUMS 438a / NELC 101a, Origins of Western Civilization: The Near East from
Alexander to Muhammad Benjamin Foster
Cultural and historical survey of Hellenistic, eastern Roman, Parthian, Byzantine, and
Sassanian empires in the Near East. Emphasis on mutual influences of Near Eastern
and classical worlds, the rise of Christianity and Islam in Near Eastern contexts, and the
division of East and West between conflicting ideas of unity. HU
* HUMS 444b, The City of Rome Virginia Jewiss
An interdisciplinary study of Rome from its legendary origins through its evolving
presence at the crossroads of Europe and the world. Exploration of the city's rich
interweaving of history, theology, literature, philosophy, and the arts in significant
moments of Roman and world history. HU
* HUMS 453b / ENGL 414b, Utopia John Rogers
An examination of utopian fiction. Focus on works from early modern England, with
some attention to more recent utopian writings. The genre's Platonic origins, its ties
to early modern political philosophy, its role in the rise of the novel, and its legacy in
science fiction. Utopian literature's abiding concern with issues of social discipline,
religion, education, science, marriage, and sex. WR, HU
* HUMS 464a, Self-Knowledge, Psychoanalysis, and Human Happiness Anthony
Kronman
Conceptions of self-knowledge and its relation to human happiness, with a focus on the
writings of Sigmund Freud. Divisions within the soul and the prospects for integration;
the psychoanalytic relation as a form of friendship; comparison of ancient and modern
ideas of happiness. Preference to students who have completed Directed Studies or a
comparable series of courses in ancient and modern philosophy. HU
Italian
437
The Franke Seminar

* HUMS 454a / ENGL 308a / FILM 242a / LITR 398a, Interpreting Film Masterpieces
The Shulman Seminar

* HUMS 455b / PHYS 115b / THST 115b, The Physics of Dance Sarah Demers
Konezny and Emily Coates
Critical investigation of introductory concepts in physics through the lens of dance.
Topics in physics include the normal force, friction, Newton's laws, projectile motion,
potential and kinetic energy, and conservation of energy. Topics in dance include
aspects of dance history, contemporary artists who engage with science, and the
development of movement studies. Class meetings include movement exercises.
Prerequisite: basic trigonometry and algebra. Prior dance experience is not required.
QR, HU, SC
Individual Research and Senior Essay Courses

* HUMS 470a and HUMS 471b, Special Studies in the Humanities Norma
Thompson
For students who wish to pursue a topic in Humanities not otherwise covered. May
be used for research or for directed reading under the guidance of one or more faculty
advisers. In either case a term paper or its equivalent is required, as are regular meetings
with the adviser or advisers. To apply, a student should present a prospectus and a
bibliography signed by the adviser or advisers to the director of undergraduate studies.
Enrollment limited to juniors and seniors majoring in Humanities.
* HUMS 491a or b, The Senior Essay Norma Thompson
Independent library-based research under faculty supervision. To register, students
must consult the director of undergraduate studies no later than the end of registration
period in the previous term. A written plan of study approved by a faculty adviser must
be submitted to the director of undergraduate studies by November 20, 2015, if the
essay is to be submitted during the spring term, by April 29, 2016, for yearlong or fallterm essays. A rough draft of the essay is due at noon on March 28, 2016, for springterm essays or on October 30, 2015, for fall-term essays. The final essay is due at noon
on April 11, 2016, for spring-term essays or on December 4, 2015, for fall-term essays;
late essays will be penalized by a lower grade. RP
Italian
Director of undergraduate studies: Millicent Marcus, 8290 Wall St., 432-0599,
millicent.marcus@yale.edu; language program director: Anna Iacovella, 8290 Wall
St., 432-8299, anna.iacovella@yale.edu; italian.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ITALIAN

Professors Millicent Marcus, Giuseppe Mazzotta (Chair)
Associate Professor Angela Capodivacca
438
Assistant Professor Christiana Purdy Moudarres

Senior Lectors Michael Farina, Anna Iacovella
Affiliated Faculty Francesco Casetti (Film & Media Studies), Roberto Gonzlez
Echevarra (Spanish & Portuguese), Joost Keizer (History of Art), Gundula Kreuzer
(Music), Alastair Minnis (English), Frank Snowden (History), Gary Tomlinson (Music,
Humanities), Francesca Trivellato (History), Christopher Wood (History of Art)
The major in Italian explores Italy's vital role in the formation of Western thought and
culture. The core language courses bring students to a high level of aural, spoken, and
written proficiency, provide a solid literary and historical background in the language,
and prepare students for study in Italy. Other offerings build on the core courses to
explore Italian literature, film, history, culture, and art. The Italian major is of particular
relevance to the fields of art, economics, film and media studies, history, history of art,
international relations, linguistics, literature, philosophy, and theology.
Prerequisite Candidates for the major should have completed a course in Italian at the
level of 130 (L3) or should have received credit for equivalent work by the end of their
sophomore year. Exceptions may be made in the case of outstanding students who have
not satisfied this requirement.
Requirements of the major The major normally consists of eleven term courses
beyond the prerequisite. Eight term courses in the Italian department numbered 140
or above (including graduate courses) are required, at least five of which must be
conducted in Italian. The courses in the department must include either ITAL 150 or 151
and a course on Dante's Divine Comedy (ITAL 310 or equivalent), as well as four courses
covering different periods in Italian literature: one in the Middle Ages (in addition
to the course on Dante's Divine Comedy), one in the Renaissance, and two in Italian
literature after 1600. The aim of these six foundation courses is to provide students
with both a broad acquaintance with the major works of Italy's literary tradition and
a more detailed knowledge of specific periods in Italian literature. Students are also
strongly encouraged to use their elective courses to expand their knowledge of either
the Trecento (fourteenth century) or the Cinquecento (sixteenth century). No more
than three Italian department courses taught in English may count toward the major.
Students intending to major in Italian should consult the director of undergraduate
studies.
In completing their programs, students are required to elect two courses in other
languages and literatures, history of art, history, or philosophy that are related to their
field of study and approved by the director of undergraduate studies. Any graduate
course in another national literature or in linguistics may be substituted for one of these
two courses. Some knowledge of Latin is desirable.
Senior requirement In the fall or spring of the senior year, all students majoring in
Italian must present a departmental essay written in Italian and completed under the
direction of a faculty adviser in ITAL 491. The essay should demonstrate careful reading
and research on a topic approved by the adviser in consultation with the director of
undergraduate studies. A recommended length for the essay is thirty pages. Prospectus
and draft deadlines are determined by the adviser; the final deadline is determined by
the director of undergraduate studies. The senior requirement culminates in a meeting
Italian
439
with department faculty to discuss the thesis and the student's overall experience of
study in the major.
Related majors In addition to the major in Italian literature, the department supports
the applications of qualified students who wish to pursue a course in Italian studies
under the provisions of a Special Divisional Major. Majors can devise a broad program
in social, political, economic, or intellectual history as related to and reflected in Italian
literature, or pursue special interests in architecture, film, art, philosophy, music,
history, linguistics, theater, political theory, or other fields especially well suited for
examination from the perspective of Italian cultural history. Majors in Italian studies
must design their programs in close consultation with the director of undergraduate
studies and seek the guidance of an additional member of the department whose
interests closely coincide with the proposed program of study. For further information,
see under Special Divisional Majors (p. 636).
The department's course offerings vary greatly from year to year. Students interested in
planning course work in Italian that extends beyond the current academic year should
consult the director of undergraduate studies.
For information about the Year or Term Abroad program, see under Special
Arrangements (p. 65) in the Academic Regulations.
Placement All students who have not taken Italian at Yale are expected to take the
departmental placement test, with the exception of students who have no previous
knowledge of Italian. The placement examination is completed on line during the
summer; see the Calendar for the Opening Days of College and the departmental Web site
(http://italian.yale.edu/undergraduate/placement-testing) for details.
and Master's Degrees" under section K, Special Arrangements (http://catalog.yale.edu/
ycps/academic-regulations/special-arrangements), in the Academic Regulations.
Interested students should consult the director of undergraduate studies prior to the
sixth term of enrollment for specific requirements in Italian.

Prerequisite ITAL 130 or equivalent
Number of courses 11 term courses beyond prereq (incl senior req)
Specific courses required ITAL 150 or 151; ITAL 310 or equivalent
Distribution of courses 8 term courses in Italian dept numbered 140 or above, incl 1
in Middle Ages (in addition to ITAL 310), 1 in Renaissance, and 2 in Italian lit after
1600, at least 5 of these conducted in Italian; 2 courses in other langs or lits, hist of
art, hist, or phil approved by DUS
Substitution permitted Any grad course in another national lit or in ling for 1 of the 2
courses in other depts, with DUS permission
Senior requirement Senior essay (ITAL 491) and oral interview
440
Group A Courses
* ITAL 110a, Elementary Italian I Staff
A beginning course with extensive practice in speaking, reading, writing, and listening
and a thorough introduction to Italian grammar. Activities include group and
pairs work, role-playing, and conversation. Introduction to Italian culture through
readings and films. Conducted in Italian. Credit only on completion of ITAL 120. L1
1 Course cr
* ITAL 120b, Elementary Italian II Staff
Continuation of ITAL 110. L2 1 Course cr
* ITAL 125a, Intensive Elementary Italian Michael Farina
An accelerated beginning course in Italian that covers in one term the material taught
in ITAL 110 and 120. Admits to ITAL 130 or 145. Enrollment limited to 15. L1, L2
2 Course cr
* ITAL 130a, Intermediate Italian I Staff
The first half of a two-term sequence designed to increase students' proficiency in the
four language skills and advanced grammar concepts. Authentic readings paired with
contemporary films. In-class group and pairs activities, role-playing, and conversation.
Admits to ITAL 140. Conducted in Italian. Prerequisite: ITAL 120 or equivalent. L3
1 Course cr
* ITAL 140b, Intermediate Italian II Staff
Continuation of ITAL 130. Emphasis on advanced discussion of Italian culture through
authentic readings (short stories, poetry, and comic theater) and contemporary films.
Admits to Group B courses. Conducted in Italian. L4
* ITAL 145b, Intensive Intermediate Italian Anna Iacovella
An accelerated intermediate course in Italian that covers in one term the material taught
in ITAL 130 and 140. Continued practice in the four basic skills begun at the elementary
level. Emphasis on grammar review, vocabulary enrichment, and appreciation of
literary texts. Admits to Group B courses. Enrollment limited to 15. Prerequisite: ITAL
120 or 125. L3, L4 2 Course cr
Group B Courses
Group B courses have readings in Italian and are usually conducted in Italian. They are
open to students who have passed ITAL 140 or 145 and to others with the consent of the
director of undergraduate studies and the instructor.
ITAL 150a, Advanced Composition and Conversation Karen Raizen
Discussion of social, political, and literary issues in order to improve active command
of the language. Development of advanced reading skills through magazine and
newspaper articles, essays, short stories, films, and a novel; enhancement of writing
skills through experiments with reviews, essays, creative writing, and business and
informal Italian. Classroom emphasis on advanced speaking skills and vocabulary
building. L5
* ITAL 151b, Advanced Italian Workshop: Writing and Translation Michael Farina
Development of advanced writing and speaking skills. Close readings and extensive
practice writing in a variety of genres, which may include autobiography, biography,
joke, letter, essay, poem, news article, comic strip, children's book, and short story.
Italian
441
Popular narrative genres such as the giallo and romanzo rosa. Creation and performance
of short dramatic texts. L5
* ITAL 470a or b, Special Studies in Italian Literature Millicent Marcus
A series of tutorials to direct students in special interests and requirements. Students
meet regularly with a faculty member.
* ITAL 491a or b, The Senior Essay Millicent Marcus
A research essay on a subject selected by the student in consultation with the faculty
adviser.
Group C Courses
Group C courses are conducted in English and are open to students without previous
study of Italian. Majors in Italian are required to read the material and write their
papers in Italian.
* ITAL 303b / FILM 457b / LITR 359b, Italian Film from Postwar to Postmodern
Millicent Marcus
* ITAL 308a / AMST 415a, The Worlds of Antonio Gramsci Michael Denning
Study of Antonio Gramsci (18911937), the Italian intellectual and Marxist
thinker. Engagement with his thought and works, particularly the Prison Notebooks.
Introduction to his world and his century, including modernism and Fordism, the
worldwide diaspora of Italian migrants, the revolutionary upheavals of 19171919, the
rise of fascism and communism, and the "new lefts" of the second half of the twentieth
century. HU
ITAL 310b / LITR 183b, Dante in Translation Giuseppe Mazzotta
A critical reading of Dante's Divine Comedy and selections from the minor works, with
an attempt to place Dante's work in the intellectual and social context of the late Middle
Ages by relating literature to philosophical, theological, and political concerns. One
discussion section conducted in Italian. HU Tr
ITAL 315a / HIST 280a / RLST 160a, The Catholic Intellectual Tradition Carlos Eire
* ITAL 325b / LITR 186b, Italian Representations of Love from Antiquity to the
Renaissance Angela Capodivacca
Representations of love in literature, philosophy, and art from ancient Rome to the
Italian Renaissance. Differences in social practices and mores over time. Works from
both the classical Latin and the Italian vernacular traditions. Authors include Catullus,
Ovid, Vergil, Petronius, Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio, and Michelangelo. HU Tr
442
Judaic Studies
Directors of undergraduate studies: Ivan Marcus, 225 HGS, 432-1379,
ivan.marcus@yale.edu [F]; Christine Hayes, 451 College St., 432-0843,
christine.hayes@yale.edu [Sp]; judaicstudies.yale.edu
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF JUDAIC STUDIES

Professors Joel Baden (Divinity School), Leslie Brisman (English), Steven Fraade
(Chair) (Religious Studies), Paul Franks (Philosophy), Christine Hayes (Religious
Studies), Hannan Hever (Comparative Literature), Yotam Hotam (Religious Studies)
(Visiting), Daniel Lasker (Religious Studies) (Visiting), Ivan Marcus (History, Religious
Studies), Moshe Rosman (History) (Visiting), Steven Smith (Political Science,
Philosophy), David Sorkin (History), Laura Wexler (Women's, Gender, & Sexuality
Studies, American Studies), Robert Wilson (Religious Studies)
Associate Professors Marci Shore (History), Eliyahu Stern (Religious Studies, History)
Senior Lecturer Peter Cole (Comparative Literature)
Lecturers Asaf Angermann (Philosophy), Shaun Halper (History), Margaret Olin
(Divinity School, History of Art, Religious Studies), Liran Yadgar (History)
Senior Lector II Ayala Dvoretzky
Senior Lectors Shiri Goren, Dina Roginsky
Judaic Studies enables students to develop a broad knowledge of the history,
religion, literature, philosophy, languages, and politics of the Jews. Jewish society,
texts, ideologies, material cultures, and institutions are studied from a comparative
perspective in the context of histories, cultures, and intellectual traditions among which
Jews have lived throughout the ages. As an interdisciplinary program, Judaic Studies
employs historical, literary, political, social, and philosophical methods of analysis.
The Judaic Studies majorespecially as a second major with Economics, Political
Science, Literature, English, Philosophy, or Historyoffers a broad liberal arts
background combined with an intensive preparation in the historical and religious
experience of Jewish culture from antiquity to contemporary times. The major epochs
of Jewish history are the Persian and Hellenistic, classical, medieval, early modern, and
modern periods.
Students considering the major in Judaic Studies should contact the director of
Requirements of the major for the Class of 2017 and previous classes Students in
the Class of 2017 and previous classes may fulfill the requirements of the major in
Judaic Studies that were in place when they entered the major, as described in previous
editions of this bulletin (http://www.yale.edu/printer/bulletin/archivepdffiles/YCPS).
Alternatively, they may fulfill the requirements of the major as described below for the
Class of 2018 and subsequent classes.
Requirements of the major for the Class of 2018 and subsequent classes The major
in Judaic Studies requires thirteen term courses, including a set of core requirements,
Judaic Studies
443
a language or literature requirement, two areas of concentration, and the senior

requirement.
Core requirements Each student must elect at least three from the following: (1)
a course in Hebrew Bible, such as JDST 110; (2) a course in rabbinic literature or
ancient Judaism, such as JDST 235; (3) JDST 200; (4) JDST 201; (5) a course in Jewish
thought, such as JDST 281 or 293; (6) a survey course in Hebrew and Jewish literature.
Language or literature requirement Students must complete either HEBR 110 and 120
or two term courses in Hebrew literature in translation. Up to three Hebrew language
courses may be counted toward the requirements of the major.
Areas of concentration Students must select two areas of concentration. The standard
areas of concentration are ancient Israel/Hebrew Bible; Judaism and Jewish history of
Second Temple and Talmudic times; Jewish history and civilization of medieval and
Renaissance times; modern Jewish history and civilization; Jewish/Hebrew literature
(which requires the study of literature in Hebrew); and Jewish thought. With the
approval of the director of undergraduate studies, students may design their own areas
of concentration.
In each of the two areas of concentration, students choose three term courses in
consultation with the director of undergraduate studies. These are expected to comprise
one introductory course; one seminar taken in the junior year and requiring a final
research paper; and one relevant course in an area outside Judaic Studies, such
as a course relating to the larger historical, literary, or philosophical context if the
concentration is in a historical period, or a course in the theory or practice of literature if
the concentration is in Jewish/Hebrew literature.
Senior requirement Students are required either to complete a two-term senior essay
in JDST 491 and 492 related to both areas of concentration, or to complete a one-term
senior essay in JDST 491 or 492 related to one area of concentration and an additional
seminar related to the other. The senior essay may build on research conducted for one
or both of the student's junior seminar papers.
Study abroad Students majoring in Judaic Studies should be aware of the numerous
opportunities for study abroad. Those interested in research and language-study
opportunities in the Middle East, Europe, and South America should consult the

Prerequisites None
Distribution of courses 3 courses from (1) Hebrew Bible, (2) rabbinic lit or ancient
Judaism, (3) JDST 200, (4) JDST 201, (5) Jewish thought, (6) survey of Hebrew
and Jewish lit; HEBR 110 and 120, or 2 courses in Hebrew lit in translation; 2 areas
of concentration, with 3 courses in each for a total of 6
Senior requirement Two-term senior essay (JDST 491 and 492), or one-term senior
essay (JDST 491 or 492) and addtl sem
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Core Course
JDST 200a / ER&M 219a / HIST 219a / MMES 149a / RLST 148a, Jewish History and
Special Project and Senior Essay Courses

* JDST 471a or b, Individual Tutorial Staff
For students who wish, under faculty supervision, to investigate an area in Judaic
Studies not covered by regular course offerings. May be used for research or for
directed reading, but in either case a long essay or several short ones are required. To
apply for admission, a student should present a prospectus with bibliography and a
letter of support from the faculty member who will direct the work to the director of
* JDST 491a and JDST 492b, The Senior Essay Ivan Marcus
The essay, written under the supervision of a faculty member, should be a substantial
paper between 6,500 and 8,000 words for one term and between 12,500 and 15,000
words for two terms.

Biblical Period
[ JDST 110, The Bible ]
Classical Period
* JDST 234a / RLST 241a, Loving God in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity
Shaun Halper
Loving God as an ideal in both Judaism and Christianity. The emergence of this ideal
from its background in ancient Near Eastern literature and culture. The principle's
development in the literature of ancient Israel and its expression in the literature of
ancient Judaism and early Christianity. HU
* JDST 256a / RLST 400a, The Dead Sea Scrolls and the History of Ancient Judaism:
The Community Rule Steven Fraade
Study of the Community Rule, one of the oldest and most central sectarian documents
among the Dead Sea Scrolls. Its liturgical, legal, and theological contents and their
influence on the organization, discipline, rhetoric, and ideology of the Qumran
community and on the community's relation to other groups and movements in ancient
Judaism. Prerequisite: reading proficiency in ancient Hebrew. L5, HU
Medieval and Early Modern Periods

* JDST 312b / LITR 196b, Hebrew Poetry in Muslim Spain Peter Cole
Introduction to the Golden Age of Hebrew poetry in Muslim Andalusia from the
tenth century through the twelfth. Major figures of the period and the cultural
and philosophical questions they confronted. The Judeo-Arabic social context in
Judaic Studies
445
which the poetry emerged; critical issues pertaining to the study and transmission
of this literature. Readings from the works of several poets. Readings in translation.
Additional readings in Hebrew available. HU Tr
Modern Period
JDST 201b / HIST 220b / RLST 149b, History of Jewish Culture, 1500 to the Present
David Sorkin
* JDST 274b / HIST 219Jb, Jews of Eastern Europe, 15001900 Moshe Rosman
The social, economic, cultural, and political history of the Jews in historical Poland
and Russia during the early modern and modern periods. Topics include law, learning,
money, community, hasidism, shtetl, and war. HU
* JDST 306b / MMES 157b / NELC 157b, Israeli Narratives Shiri Goren
Close reading of major Israeli novels in translation with attention to how their themes
and forms relate to the Israeli condition. Theories of war and peace, migration,
nationalism, and gender. Authors include Yehoshua, Grossman, Matalon, CastelBloom, and Kashua. No knowledge of Hebrew required. HU Tr
JDST 323a / MMES 160a / NELC 155a, State and Society in Israel Dina Roginsky
The interplay between the state and society in Israel. Current Israeli discourse on
controversial issues such as civil rights in a Jewish-democratic state, Jewish-Arab
relations, and right and left politics. Issues of orthodoxy, military service, globalization,
and multiculturalism in Israel. Sociopolitical changes that have taken place in Israel
since the establishment of the state in 1948 and that have led to the reshaping of Israeli
Zionist ideology. HU
JDST 332a / HIST 216a / MMES 197a / RLST 193a, Zionism Shaun Halper
Language and Literature

* JDST 316b / ENGL 456b / HUMS 427b / LITR 348b, The Practice of Literary
HU
* JDST 339a / LITR 418a / MMES 418a / RLST 203a, Introduction to Modern Hebrew
Literature Hannan Hever
Overview of the poetics, culture, history, and political dynamics of modern Hebrew
literature over the last 250 years. Readings in translation. HU
446
* JDST 345a / GMAN 358a / LITR 416a, Georg Lukcs: Literature and Politics
Hannan Hever
* JDST 391a or b / RLST 407a or b, Midrash Seminar: The Song of Moses Steven
Fraade
Close reading of the earliest running commentary to Moses' farewell song in
Deuteronomy 32, as found in the collection Sifre Haazinu. The rhetoric and early
rabbinic methods of scriptural interpretation; the commentary's place in the history of
interpretation and its contributions to the historical study of ancient Jewish society and
culture. Prerequisite: reading fluency in ancient Hebrew. L5, HU
* JDST 401b / HEBR 152b, Reading Academic Texts in Modern Hebrew Dina
Roginsky
Reading of academic texts in modern Hebrew, for students with a strong background
in Hebrew. Discussion of grammar and stylistics; special concentration on the
development of accuracy and fluency. Prerequisite: HEBR 150 or permission of
instructor. Conducted in Hebrew. L5 RP
* JDST 405a / HEBR 156a / MMES 216a, Dynamics of Israeli Culture Shiri Goren
Controversies in Israeli society as revealed in novels, films, poetry, newspaper articles,
Web sites, art, advertisements, and television shows. Themes include migration and the
construction of the Sabra character; ethnicity and race; the emergence of the Mizrahi
voice; women in Israeli society; private and collective memory; the minority discourse
of the Druze and Russian Jews; and Israeli masculinity and queer culture. Conducted
in Hebrew. Papers may be written in English or Hebrew. Prerequisite: HEBR 140 or
permission of instructor. L5, HU RP
JDST 407b / HEBR 161b / MMES 156b, Israeli Popular Music Dina Roginsky
Changes in the development of popular music in Israel explored as representations of
changing Israeli society and culture. The interaction of music and cultural identity;
modern popular music and social conventions; songs of commemoration and heroism;
popular representation of the Holocaust; Mizrahi and Arab music; feminism, sexuality,
and gender; class and musical consumption; criticism, protest, and globalization.
Conducted in Hebrew. Prerequisite: HEBR 140 or equivalent. L5
* JDST 409a / HEBR 159a / MMES 159a, Conversational Hebrew: Israeli Media
Shiri Goren
An advanced Hebrew course for students interested in practicing and enhancing
conversational skills. Focus on listening comprehension and on various forms of
discussion, including practical situations, online interactions, and content analysis.
Prerequisite: HEBR 140 or permission of instructor. L5 RP
Latin American Studies

Director of undergraduate studies: Anbal Gonzlez, Rm. 226, 8290 Wall St.,
432-1149, anibal.gonzalez@yale.edu; www.yale.edu/macmillan/lais
447
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF LATIN AMERICAN

STUDIES
Professors Rolena Adorno (Spanish & Portuguese), Ned Blackhawk (History, American
Studies), Richard Burger (Anthropology), Hazel Carby (African American Studies,
American Studies), Carlos Eire (History, Religious Studies), Eduardo Fernandez-Duque
(Anthropology), Paul Freedman (History), Anbal Gonzlez (Spanish & Portuguese),
Roberto Gonzlez Echevarra (Spanish & Portuguese), K. David Jackson (Spanish
& Portuguese), Gilbert Joseph (History), Stathis Kalyvas (Political Science), Daniel
Markovits (Law School), Mary Miller (History of Art), Stephen Pitti (History), Susan
Rose-Ackerman (Law School, Political Science), Alicia Schmidt Camacho (American
Studies), Stuart Schwartz (History), Susan Stokes (Political Science), Robert Thompson
(History of Art), Nol Valis (Spanish & Portuguese), Frederick Wherry (Sociology),
Elisabeth Wood (Political Science)
Associate Professors Jafari Allen (Anthropology, African American Studies), Robert
Bailis (Forestry & Environmental Studies), Susan Byrne (Spanish & Portuguese), Rodrigo
Canales (School of Management), Ana De La O (Political Science), Moira Fradinger
(Comparative Literature)
Assistant Professors Vanessa Agard-Jones (Women's, Gender, & Sexuality Studies),
Ryan Bennett (Linguistics), Oswaldo Chinchilla (Anthropology), Marcela Echeverri
(History), Anne Eller (History), Leslie Harkema (Spanish & Portuguese), Seth Jacobowitz
(East Asian Languages & Literatures), Erica James (History of Art, African American
Studies), Albert Laguna (American Studies, Ethnicity, Race, & Migration), Dixa Ramirez
(American Studies, Ethnicity, Race, & Migration)
Senior Lectors II Margherita Tortora, Sonia Valle
Senior Lectors Sybil Alexandrov, Marta Almeida, Maria Pilar Asensio-Manrique,
Mercedes Carreras, Ame Cividanes, Sebastin Daz, Mara de la Paz Garca, Mara
Jordn, Rosamara Len, Juliana Ramos-Ruano, Lissette Reymundi, Lourdes SabColom, Brbara Safille, Terry Seymour
Lector Selma Vital
The major in Latin American Studies is designed to further understanding of the
societies and cultures of Latin America as viewed from regional and global perspectives.
The Latin American Studies major builds on a foundation of language and literature,
history, history of art, theater studies, humanities, and the social sciences; its faculty is
drawn from many departments and professional schools of the University.
The major The major in Latin American Studies is interdisciplinary. With two goals
in mindintellectual coherence and individual growththe student proposes a course
of study that must satisfy the requirements listed below. The proposed course of study
must be approved by the director of undergraduate studies. Though all students choose
courses in both the humanities and the social sciences, they are expected to concentrate
on one or the other.
Prerequisite to the major is knowledge of the two dominant languages of the region,
Spanish and Portuguese. Depending on their interests, students select one language for
two years of instruction and the other for one. Other languages necessary for research
may in appropriate circumstances be substituted for the second language with the
448
consent of the director of undergraduate studies. Students are encouraged to meet

the language requirements as early as possible. Courses used to satisfy the language
prerequisite may not be counted toward the major.
The major itself requires twelve term courses: one introductory course approved by
the director of undergraduate studies; eight courses related to Latin America from
departmental offerings or from a provided list of electives; two additional electives;
and the senior essay, LAST 491. The eight Latin American content courses should
include courses from the following categories: two courses in the social sciences
(anthropology, economics, or political science), two courses in history, two courses in
Spanish American or Brazilian literatures beyond the language requirement, and one
course in art, architecture, film and media studies, music, or theater studies. Students
wishing to count toward the major courses that do not appear in the program's course
offerings should consult with the director of undergraduate studies.
Students must enroll in three seminars or upper-level courses during their junior and
senior years. Elective seminars must be approved by the director of undergraduate
studies, who can provide a list of appropriate courses.
The senior essay The senior essay is a research paper written usually in one term in
LAST 491. Students choose their own topics, which may derive from research done
in an earlier course. The essay is planned in advance in consultation with a qualified
adviser and a second reader.
In preparing the senior essay, Latin American Studies majors may undertake field
research in Latin America. Students are encouraged to apply for summer travel grants
through the Council on Latin American and Iberian Studies (http://www.yale.edu/
macmillan/lais) to conduct field research for their senior thesis. The Albert Bildner
Travel Prize is awarded to an outstanding junior who submits an application in Spanish
or Portuguese in addition to the English application essay. Information about these
and other grants is available on Yale's Student Grants & Fellowships Web site (http://
studentgrants.yale.edu).
Other courses relevant to the major A list of courses intended as a guide to students
in preparing their programs is available at the office of the director of undergraduate
studies and on the Council on Latin American and Iberian Studies Web site (http://
www.yale.edu/macmillan/lais/undergraduate.html). Qualified students may also elect
pertinent courses in the Graduate School and in some of the professional schools with
permission of the director of graduate studies or professional school registrar and the
Study abroad Students are strongly encouraged to take advantage of study abroad
opportunities during summers or through the Year or Term Abroad program (p. 65).

Prerequisites 2 years of 1 lang (Spanish or Portuguese), 1 year of the other
Number of courses 12 courses beyond prereqs (incl senior essay)
Distribution of courses 1 intro course approved by DUS; 8 courses related to Latin
America in specified fields; 2 electives; 3 sems or upper-level courses in junior and
senior years
Senior requirement Senior essay (LAST 491)
449

Students wishing to count toward the major courses that do not appear on this list
should consult with the director of undergraduate studies.
AFAM 110a / AMST 161a, Freedom and Identity in Black Cultures Jafari Allen
AFST 333a / HIST 332a, African Encounters with Colonialism Daniel Magaziner
* AFST 353a / MUSI 353a, Topics in World Music Michael Veal
* AFST 486a / HIST 388Ja, Slavery and the Slave Trade in Africa Robert Harms
* AMST 441b / ER&M 370b / HIST 130Jb, Indians and the Spanish Borderlands
Ned Blackhawk
* ANTH 301a, Foundations of Modern Archaeology Richard Burger
Discussion of how method, theory, and social policy have influenced the development
of archaeology as a set of methods, an academic discipline, and a political tool.
Background in the basics of archaeology equivalent to one introductory course is
assumed. SO
450

* ECON 412a, International Environmental Economics Joseph Shapiro
Introduction to international and environmental economics and to research that
combines the two fields. Methods for designing and analyzing environmental policy
when economic activity and pollution cross political borders. Effects of market
openness on the environment and on environmental regulation; international
economics and climate change. Prerequisites: intermediate microeconomics and
econometrics. SO
* ECON 465a / EP&E 224a / GLBL 330a, Debating Globalization Ernesto Zedillo
* ECON 467b / GLBL 307b, Economic Evolution of the Latin American and Caribbean
[ ER&M 200, Introduction to Ethnicity, Race, and Migration ]
* ER&M 300b, Comparative Ethnic Studies Birgit Rasmussen
Introduction to the methods and practice of comparative ethnic studies. Examination
of racial formation in the United States within a transnational framework. Legacies
of colonialism, slavery, and racial exclusion; racial formation in schools, prisons, and
citizenship law; cultural politics of music and performance; social movements; and
postcolonial critique. SO
* EVST 345a / ANTH 382a / F&ES 384a, Environmental Anthropology Michael Dove
* F&ES 020a / EVST 020a, Sustainable Development in Haiti Gordon Geballe
GLBL 247b / PLSC 128b, Development under Fire Jason Lyall
451
experiments. SO
* HSAR 471a / AFAM 346a, Black Atlantic Photography Kobena Mercer
* HSHM 422a / HIST 467Ja, Cartography, Territory, and Identity William Rankin
* LAST 222a / SPAN 222a, Legal Spanish Mercedes Carreras
An introduction to Spanish and Latin American legal culture with a focus on the
specific traits of legal language and on the development of advanced language
competence. Issues such as human rights, the death penalty, the jury, contracts,
statutory instruments, and rulings by the constitutional courts are explored through
law journal articles, newspapers, the media, and mock trials. Enrollment limited to 18.
A maximum of one 200-level course may count as an elective toward the Spanish major.
L5
* LAST 223b / SPAN 223b, Spanish in Film: An Introduction to the New Latin
American Cinema Staff
Development of proficiency in Spanish through analysis of critically acclaimed Latin
American films. Includes basic vocabulary of film criticism in Spanish as well as
discussion and language exercises. Enrollment limited to 18. A maximum of one 200level course may count as an elective toward the Spanish major. L5
* LAST 225b / SPAN 225b, Spanish for the Medical Professions Staff
Topics in health and welfare. Conversation, reading, and writing about medical issues
for advanced Spanish-language students, including those considering careers in medical
professions. Enrollment limited to 18. A maximum of one 200-level course may count
as an elective toward the Spanish major. L5
* LAST 227a / SPAN 227a, Creative Writing Mara Jordn
An introduction to the craft and practice of creative writing (fiction, poetry, and essays).
Focus on the development of writing skills and awareness of a variety of genres and
techniques through reading of exemplary works and critical assessment of student
work. Emphasis on the ability to write about abstract ideas, sentiments, dreams, and
the imaginary world. Enrollment limited to 18. A maximum of one 200-level course
may count as an elective toward the Spanish major. L5
* LAST 243a or b / SPAN 243a or b, Advanced Spanish Grammar Staff
A comprehensive, in-depth study of grammar intended to improve students' spoken
and written command of Spanish. Linguistic analysis of literary selections; some
452
English-to-Spanish translation. Enrollment limited to 18. A maximum of one 200-level

course may count as an elective toward the Spanish major. L5
LAST 247a / SPAN 247a, Introduction to the Cultures of Latin America Rolena
Adorno
A chronological study of Latin American cultures through their expressions in literature
and the arts, beginning in the pre-Columbian period and focusing on the period from
the nineteenth century to the present. Emphasis on crucial historical moments and on
distinctive rituals such as fiestas. Open to students who have placed into L5 courses or
who have successfully completed an L4 course in Spanish. Counts toward the major in
Spanish. L5, HU
* LAST 253a / HIST 253Ja, Dissidence and Control in Hapsburg Spain and Its New
World Empire Mara Jordn
Aspects of Spanish culture and society in the Golden Age (c. 15501650) that
demonstrate discontent, dissidence, and suggestions for reform. Emphasis on the
intersection of historical and literary sources and the dynamic between popular and elite
cultures. WR, HU
* LAST 254b / PORT 355b, Brazilian Modernist Poetry K. David Jackson
The generation of major poets who were part of Brazilian modernism, centered on the
"Modern Art Week" of 1922. Poetry written to express the individuality and character
of Brazil's language and culture at the onset of modernization, urbanization, and
industrialization. Points of analysis include form, use of language, themes of memory
and modernization, cultural characterization, humor, and ethical and existential
concerns. Prerequisite: PORT 140 equivalent. L5, HU
* LAST 255b / ANTH 255b / ARCG 255b, Inca Culture and Society Richard Burger
the subject. SO
LAST 261a / SPAN 261a, Studies in Spanish Literature I Susan Byrne
An introduction to Spanish prose, drama, and lyric poetry from their medieval
multicultural origins through the Golden Age in the seventeenth century. Readings
include El Cid, La Celestina, Conde Lucanor, and works by Miguel de Cervantes and
Caldern de la Barca. Open to students who have placed into L5 courses or who have
successfully completed an L4 course in Spanish. Counts toward the major in Spanish.
L5, HU
* LAST 262b / SPAN 262b, Studies in Spanish Literature II Nol Valis
An introduction to Spanish prose, drama, and lyric poetry from the eighteenth century
to the present, centered on the conflict between modernity and tradition and on the
quest for national identity. Texts by Bcquer, Unamuno, Lorca, Sender, Machado, and
Cernuda. Open to students who have placed into L5 courses or who have successfully
completed an L4 course in Spanish. L5, HU
* LAST 346a / PLSC 365a, Journalism, Cinema, and Human Rights in Latin America
Michael Reed Hurtado
The role of news and entertainment media in the protection of human rights in Latin
America. Recurrent human rights problems in the region, and legal and political
responses to them. Topics include enforced disappearances of persons; extrajudicial
453
executions; armed conflict; national security doctrine; amnesties and gross violations;
the struggle against impunity; victims' rights to truth, justice, and reparations; and the
rights of prisoners. SO
* LAST 348a / AFST 347a / EP&E 484a / GLBL 243a / PLSC 347a, Post-Conflict
* LAST 351a / SPAN 350a, Borges: Literature and Power Anbal Gonzlez Perez
An introduction to the work of Jorge Luis Borges, focusing on the relation between
literature and power as portrayed in selected stories, essays, and poems. Topics include
Borges and postmodernity; writing and ethics; and Borges's politics. Works include
Ficciones, Otras inquisiciones, El aleph, El hacedor, El informe de Brodie, and Obra potica.
Open to students who have placed into L5 courses or who have successfully completed
an L4 course in Spanish. Counts toward the Spanish major. L5, HU
LAST 355a / HIST 355a, Colonial Latin America Stuart Schwartz
A survey of the conquest and colonization of Latin America from pre-Columbian
civilizations through the movements for independence. Emphasis on social and
economic themes and the formation of identities in the context of multiracial societies.
HU
* LAST 356b / ER&M 270b / HIST 358Jb, History of Mexico since Independence
Gilbert Joseph
* LAST 372a / ER&M 342a / HIST 372Ja, Revolutionary Change and Cold War in
LAST 396b / LITR 292b / PORT 396b, Modern Brazilian Literature in Translation
K. David Jackson
Study of major writers, movements, and works in Brazilian literature, including drama,
poetry, essay, manifesto, memoir, and fiction. Introduction to canonical writers, works,
and movements, including naturalism, realism, modernism, social realism, innovative
writing, and postmodern trends. General introduction to key concepts in Brazilian
civilization. Conducted in English. WR, HU Tr
* LAST 410b / ECON 462b / EP&E 228b / GLBL 316b, The Economics of Human
454

* LAST 416a / GLBL 189a / HLTH 325a, Methods and Ethics in Global Health
* LAST 423b / EP&E 243b / GLBL 336b / PLSC 423b, Political Economy of Poverty
politics. SO
PLSC 148b, Theories, Practices, and Politics of Human Rights David Simon
Introduction to core human-rights issues, ideas, practices, and controversies. The
concept of human rights as a philosophical construct, a legal instrument, a political
tool, an approach to economic and equity issues, a social agenda, and an international
locus of contestation and legitimation. Required for students in the Human Rights
Undergraduate Scholars program. SO
* PLSC 152a / EP&E 245a, Global Firms and National Governments Joseph
LaPalombara
* PLSC 399a / EP&E 257a, Politics in Latin America Ana De La O
violence.
PLSC 415b / SOCY 172b, Religion and Politics Sigrun Kahl
Challenges to the view of religion as an archaic force destined to dwindle away in
a secularized society. A historical and comparative investigation of the relationship
between religion and politics in Europe and the United States, with comparisons to the
Muslim world. SO
* PLSC 428a / EP&E 240a / GLBL 333a, Comparative Welfare Policy in Developing
Linguistics
455
* PORT 410a / LITR 291a, The Brazilian Short Story in Translation K. David Jackson
The Brazilian short story from Machado de Assis to the present, confronting the
European literary background with Brazilian linguistic, indigenous, and cultural
realities. Authors from four literary periods, including Guimares Rosa and Clarice
Lispector, and dominant critical and thematic currents. Conducted in English. WR, HU
Tr
* SPAN 250a, Composition and Analysis Leslie Harkema
Composition in Spanish, with a focus on academic writing. Close analysis of language
use in literary texts to improve fluidity and precision in students' own writing.
Frequent composition assignments to practice the forms and functions studied. L5, HU
Directed Reading and Senior Essay Courses

* LAST 471a, Directed Reading Staff
For students who wish to investigate an area of Latin American Studies not covered by
regular offerings. The project must terminate with a term paper or its equivalent. No
more than one term of credit may be earned. To apply for admission, a student should
present a prospectus and a bibliography to the director of undergraduate studies no
later than one day before the course selection period concludes. Written approval from
the faculty member who will direct the student's reading and writing must accompany
the prospectus.
* LAST 491a, The Senior Essay Staff
Preparation of a research paper about forty pages long under the direction of a faculty
adviser, in either the fall or the spring term. Students write on subjects of their own
choice. During the term before the essay is written, students plan the project in
consultation with a qualified adviser or the director of undergraduate studies. The
student must submit a suitable project outline and bibliography to the adviser and
the director of undergraduate studies by the third week of the term. The outline
should indicate the focus and scope of the essay topic, as well as the proposed research
methodology. Permission may be given to write a two-term essay after consultation
with an adviser and the director of undergraduate studies and after submission of a
project statement. Only those who have begun to do advanced work in a given area are
eligible. The requirements for the one-term senior essay apply to the two-term essay,
except that the two-term essay should be substantially longer.
Linguistics
Director of undergraduate studies: Raffaella Zanuttini, 209 DOW, 432-2452,
raffaella.zanuttini@yale.edu; ling.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS

Professors Stephen Anderson, Robert Frank (Chair), Roberta Frank, Laurence Horn
(Emeritus), Frank Keil, Joshua Knobe, Jason Stanley, Zoltn Szab, Petronella
Van Deusen-Scholl (Adjunct), Raffaella Zanuttini
Associate Professors Claire Bowern, Ashwini Deo, Maria Piango, Kenneth Pugh
(Adjunct)
Assistant Professor Ryan Bennett
456
Lecturers Hannah Haynie, Jim Wood

Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The major in Linguistics offers a program
of study leading toward an understanding of phonological, grammatical, and semantic
structure and of various approaches to descriptive, experimental, and historical
linguistics. Majors may concentrate on theoretical, experimental, or computational
linguistics, on various aspects of comparative grammar, or on a particular family of
languages. Interested students should consult the director of undergraduate studies.
Students with no previous background in linguistics are encouraged to approach the
field by taking a 100-level course.
The major requires twelve term courses in linguistics and related areas, distributed as
follows:
1. Breadth requirement (four courses). All majors must take a course in each of the
core areas of phonology (LING 232) and syntax (LING 253). In addition, at least
one course must be taken in any two of the six remaining core areas of linguistics:
phonetics, morphology, semantics/pragmatics, computational linguistics, language
and mind/brain, and historical linguistics.
2. Depth requirement (two courses). In one of the eight core areas of linguistics,
students must take two additional courses beyond the introductory level.
3. Electives (four courses). Four additional courses relating to linguistics are required,
at least one of which must be at the 200 level or above. Electives may be chosen
from courses offered by the Linguistics department or, with approval of the director
of undergraduate studies, from related courses in programs such as Anthropology,
Classics, Cognitive Science, Computer Science, English, Philosophy, Psychology, or
foreign languages.
4. Research requirement (one course). LING 490, Research Methods in Linguistics, is
required and is usually taken in the fall term of the senior year.
5. Senior requirement (one course). Students attend a research colloquium and write a
senior essay in LING 491 during the spring term of the senior year.
degrees after eight terms of enrollment. See Simultaneous Award of the Bachelor's and
Master's Degrees under Special Arrangements (p. 65) in the Academic Regulations.
Interested students should consult the director of undergraduate studies prior to the
sixth term of enrollment for specific requirements in Linguistics.

Prerequisites None
Specific courses required LING 232, 253, 490
Distribution of courses 1 course each in 2 addtl core areas, as specified; 2 addtl courses
beyond intro level in 1 core area; 4 electives, at least 1 at the 200 level or above
Senior requirement LING 491
Linguistics
457
Courses in this group do not require previous study of linguistics.
* LING 005a, The Mental Lexicon Maria Piango
Examination of the mental lexicon, a hypothesized space in the mind that is built
on long-term memory and that holds and manipulates the basic building blocks
of language. The structure of this space as it is currently understood; subsystems
connected by the mental lexicon, including word structure, sound structure, and
meaning structure; real-time word processing and bilingualism. Enrollment limited to
freshmen. Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. SO
[ LING 006, Languages of the World ]
[ LING 007, Varieties of English ]
* LING 010b / HIST 013b, Language and Power Claire Bowern and Alejandra
Dubcovsky-Joseph
[ LING 107, Linguistic Diversity and Endangerment ]
LING 109b / ENGL 149b, History of the English Language Roberta Frank
The evolution of English from its beginnings nearly 1500 years ago to the language
of Beowulf, Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Jane Austen, Melville, Twain, Langston
Hughes, Woody Allen, Maya Angelou, and Kendrick Lamar. An overview of the
'Englishes' that populate our globe, including a look at the ways that technology affects
language. HU
LING 110a, Language: Introduction to Linguistics Jim Wood
The goals and methods of linguistics. Basic concepts in phonology, morphology,
syntax, and semantics. Techniques of linguistic analysis and construction of linguistic
models. Trends in modern linguistics. The relation of linguistics to psychology, logic,
and other disciplines. SO
LING 112a, Historical Linguistics Claire Bowern
Introduction to language change and language history. Types of change that a
language undergoes over time: sound change, analogy, syntactic and semantic change,
borrowing. Techniques for recovering earlier linguistic stages: philology, internal
reconstruction, the comparative method. The role of language contact in language
change. Evidence from language in prehistory. HU
* LING 115a / SKRT 110a, Introductory Sanskrit I David Brick
An introduction to Sanskrit language and grammar. Focus on learning to read and
translate basic Sanskrit sentences in Devanagari script. No prior background in Sanskrit
assumed. L1 1 Course cr
LING 116b / CGSC 216b, Cognitive Science of Language Robert Frank
The study of language from the perspective of cognitive science. Exploration of
mental structures that underlie the human ability to learn and process language,
drawing on studies of normal and atypical language development and processing,
458
brain imaging, neuropsychology, and computational modeling. Innate linguistic

structure vs. determination by experience and culture; the relation between linguistic
and nonlinguistic cognition in the domains of decision making, social cognition, and
musical cognition; the degree to which language shapes perceptions of color, number,
space, and gender. SO
LING 117a / PSYC 137a, Language and Mind Maria Piango
[ LING 130, Evolution of Language ]
LING 138a / SKRT 130a, Intermediate Sanskrit I David Brick
The first half of a two-term sequence aimed at helping students develop the skills
necessary to read texts written in Sanskrit. Readings include selections from the
Hitopadesa, Kathasaritsagara, Mahabharata, and Bhagavadgita. After SKRT 120 or
equivalent. L3 1 Course cr
[ LING 140, Computational Models in Cognitive Science ]
* LING 150a / ENGL 150a, Old English Roberta Frank
An introduction to the literature and culture of earliest England. A selection of prose
and verse, including riddles, heroic poetry, meditations on loss, a dream vision, and
excerpts from Beowulf, all read in the original Old English. HU
Some courses in this group have prerequisites; others do not, and may be taken as a
student's first course in linguistics.
[ LING 200, Experimentation in Linguistics ]
* LING 211b, Grammatical Diversity in U.S. English Raffaella Zanuttini
Study of differences among varieties of English spoken in North America, focusing
in particular on morphosyntatic variation: double modals ("I might could go to the
store"), negative inversion ("Don't nobody want to ride the bus"), aspect marking
("Bruce be running," "I done pushed it"), "drama SO" ("I am SO not going to study
tonight"), personal datives ("I need me a new printer"), positive "anymore" ("Gas is
expensive anymore"). Emphasis on the grammatical richness and complexity of each
variety. Debunking of the prejudice against examples of a natural grammatical diversity.
Prerequisite: LING 253, or with permission of instructor. SO
LING 212b, Linguistic Change Stephen Anderson
Principles governing linguistic change in phonology and morphology. Status and
independence of proposed mechanisms of change. Relations between the principles of
historical change and universals of language. Systematic change as the basis of linguistic
comparison; assessment of other attempts at establishing linguistic relatedness.
Prerequisites: LING 112, 232, and 253. SO
* LING 219a / ANTH 380a, The Evolution of Language and Culture Claire Bowern
Introduction to cultural and linguistic evolution. How diversity evolves; how
innovations proceed through a community; who within a community drives change;
Linguistics
459
how changes can be "undone" to reconstruct the past. Methods originally developed for
studying evolutionary biology are applied to language and culture. WR, SO
LING 220b / PSYC 318b, General Phonetics Ryan Bennett
* LING 224a, Formal Foundations of Linguistic Theories Staff
Study of formal systems that play an important role in the scientific study of language.
Exploration of a range of mathematical structures and techniques; demonstrations of
their application in theories of grammatical competence and performance including
set theory, graphs and discrete structures, algebras, formal language, and automata
theory. Evaluation of strengths and weaknesses of existing formal theories of linguistic
knowledge. QR, SO
LING 227b / PSYC 327b, Language and Computation Staff
LING 231b / PSYC 331b, Neurolinguistics Maria Piango
LING 232a, Introduction to Phonological Analysis Ryan Bennett
The structure of sound systems in particular languages. Phonemic and
morphophonemic analysis, distinctive-feature theory, formulation of rules, and
problems of rule interpretation. Emphasis on problem solving. Prerequisite: LING 220,
or a grade of B or above in LING 110. (Formerly LING 132) SO
LING 233b, The Literate Brain and Mind Kenneth Pugh
The neurobiological and cognitive foundations of reading and writing. Emerging
research on gene-brain-behavior analyses of typically and atypically developing
readers. The relationship between speech perception/production and individual
differences in literacy learning; distributed brain circuits that support word reading,
text comprehension, and second-language learning; the neurobiology of acquired and
developmental reading and writing disorders. SO
* LING 235b, Phonological Theory Staff
Topics in the architecture of a theory of sound structure. Motivations for replacing
a system of ordered rules with a system of ranked constraints. Optimality theory:
universals, violability, constraint types and their interactions. Interaction of phonology
and morphology, as well as the relationship of phonological theory to language
acquisition and learnability. Opacity, lexical phonology, and serial versions of optimality
theory. Prerequisite: LING 232 or permission of instructor. SO RP
460
* LING 241a, Field Methods Ryan Bennett

Principles of phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics applied to the
collection and interpretation of novel linguistic data. Data are collected and analyzed
by the class as a group, working directly with a speaker of a relatively undocumented
language. Open to majors in Linguistics, and to others with permission of instructor.
SO
[ LING 247, Indigenous Languages of Australia ]
* LING 251a, Learnability and Development Staff
An investigation of language learning from an integrated perspective of computational
modeling and language development. The mutually informing relationships between
computational modeling, linguistic theory, and language acquisition. Prerequisite:
LING 232 or permission of instructor. Recommended preparation: LING 227. SO
LING 253a, Syntax I Raffaella Zanuttini
An introduction to the syntax of natural language. Generative syntactic theory and
key theoretical concepts. Syntactic description and argumentation. Topics include
the structure of clauses and noun phrases, movement operations, and the notion of
parameter. (Formerly LING 153) SO
LING 254b, Syntax II Robert Frank
Recent developments in the principles and parameters approach to syntactic theory.
In-depth exploration of theoretical and empirical issues in long-distance dependencies
(island effects, dependency types, movement vs. binding), the character of syntactic
structure (constituency, thematic mapping, functional categories), and the architecture
of grammatical derivations (logical form, operations for structure building, anaphora).
Prerequisite: LING 253. SO
LING 263a, Semantics Ashwini Deo
Introduction to truth-conditional compositional semantics. Set theory, first- and
higher-order logic, and the lambda calculus as they relate to the study of natural
language meaning. Some attention to analyzing the meanings of tense/aspect markers,
adverbs, and modals. QR, SO
* LING 267a, Aspectual Phenomena in Language Staff
Introduction to core phenomena pertaining to lexical and grammatical aspect. Key
aspectual properties and how they may be lexically present or derived through
composition with arguments, adverbial modifiers, and grammatical aspect markers.
The relation between aspectual properties and temporal reference. After or concurrently
with LING 263, or with permission of instructor. SO
LING 275b, Pragmatics Laurence Horn
Context-dependent aspects of meaning and inference. Speech act theory,
presupposition, implicature. Role of pragmatics in the lexicon and in meaning change.
The semantics-pragmatics distinction from different perspectives; the position of
pragmatics in linguistic theory. SO RP
* LING 280b, Morphology Stephen Anderson
The theory of word structure within a formal grammar. Relation to other areas of
grammar (syntax, phonology); basic units of word structure; types of morphology
(inflection, derivation, compounding). Prerequisites: LING 232 and 253, or permission
of instructor. SO
Linguistics
461
Advanced Courses and Seminars

* LING 334b, Experimental Semantics Maria Piango
The structure of meaning as part of the human cognitive system. How language
use, which is serial and local in nature, is able to package meaning, which is
multidimensional and atemporal. Psycholinguistic and cognitive modeling of core
phenomena in lexical and compositional semantics. Readings from the fields of
neurocognition and cognitive psychology, model-theoretic and lexico-conceptual
semantics, and pragmatics. Prerequisite: LING 005, 110, 117, 260, 263, or CGSC 110, or
with permission of instructor. SO
[ LING 341, Topics in Phonology: Prosody at the Interfaces ]
* LING 349b, Topics in Phonology: The Phonetics-Phonology Interface Ryan
Bennett
The relationship between phonology, as the mental representation of speech, and
phonetics, as the physical substance of speech. Universal and language-particular
phonetics; phonetic knowledge as grammatical knowledge; phonetic detail in
phonological representation and computation; unified vs. modular conceptions of
the phonetics-phonology divide; the shaping of phonological systems by phonetic
pressures; the shaping of phonetic patterning by phonological structure. Prerequisites:
LING 220 and 235, or with permission of instructors. SO
[ LING 355, Doubling in Syntax ]
[ LING 360, Topics in Syntax: Compositional Syntax ]
* LING 365b, Semantic Change Ashwini Deo
Investigation of systematic change in the domain of semantics and pragmatics.
Empirical phenomena include grammaticalization in the domain of tense, aspect,
and modality markers, markers of location and possession, and negation, as well as
intensifiers. Focus on reconciling grammaticalization and typological research with
formal semantic studies. Prerequisite: LING 263 or permission of instructor. SO
[ LING 372, Meaning, Concepts, and Words ]
[ LING 390, Negation and Polarity ]
Research Courses
* LING 471a and LING 472b, Special Projects Raffaella Zanuttini
Special projects set up by students with the help of a faculty adviser and the director of
undergraduate studies to cover material not otherwise offered by the department. The
project must terminate with at least a term paper or its equivalent and must have the
approval of the director of undergraduate studies. Only one term may be offered toward
the major; two terms may be offered toward the bachelor's degree.
* LING 490a / PSYC 372a, Research Methods in Linguistics Raffaella Zanuttini
Development of skills in linguistics research, writing, and presentation. Choosing
a research area, identifying good research questions, developing hypotheses, and
presenting ideas clearly and effectively, both orally and in writing; methodological
issues; the balance between building on existing literature and making a novel
contribution. Prepares for the writing of the senior essay.
462
* LING 491b, The Senior Essay Raffaella Zanuttini

Research and writing of the senior essay under the guidance of a faculty adviser.
Students present research related to their essays in a weekly colloquium. Prerequisite:
LING 490.
Related Courses
ANTH 205b, Language, Culture, and Identity J. Joseph Errington
Introduction to the role of language in the constitution of gendered, class, ethnic,
and national identities. Ethnographic and linguistic case studies are combined with
theoretical and comparative approaches. Enrollment limited to 40. SO
ANTH 231a, Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology Paul Kockelman
Critical approaches to popular culture in Africa and African history. Questions include
what "popular" means in popular culture; who becomes the "popular" and under
what conditions; how forms of popular culture comment on social experience; and
what happens when those forms are co-opted. Case studies include the reception of
soap operas in Egypt, the ambiguity of political authority in Cameroonian cartoons,
and the global aspirations of Tanzanian barbershop owners. Forms of popular culture
that intersect and overlap in and around southern Africa's mines and in the context of
informal urban economies. SO
* ANTH 413a, Language, Culture, and Ideology J. Joseph Errington
Review of influential anthropological theories of culture, with reference to theories
of language that inspired or informed them. American and European structuralism;
cognitivist and interpretivist approaches to cultural description; the work of Bakhtin,
Bourdieu, and various critical theorists. SO RP
CGSC 110a / PSYC 130a, Introduction to Cognitive Science April Ruiz
* CHLD 128b / EDST 128b / PSYC 128b, Language, Literacy, and Play Nancy Close
and Carla Horwitz
Linguistics
463
or equivalent. QR
[ CPSC 430, Formal Semantics ]
CPSC 472a, Intelligent Robotics Katherine Tsui
Introduction to the construction of intelligent, autonomous systems. Sensory-motor
coordination and task-based perception. Implementation techniques for behavior
selection and arbitration, including behavior-based design, evolutionary design,
dynamical systems, and hybrid deliberative-reactive systems. Situated learning and
adaptive behavior. After CPSC 201 and 202 or equivalents. May not be taken after CPSC
473.
GREK 390a, Greek Syntax and Stylistics Victor Bers
A review of accidence and syntax, elementary composition, and analysis of Greek prose
styles of the fifth and fourth centuries B.C., including a comparison of "prosaic" and
"poetic" syntax. Prerequisite: previous familiarity with some Greek prose beyond the
elementary level, or permission of instructor. L5, HU
LATN 110a, Beginning Latin: The Elements of Latin Grammar Staff
Introduction to Latin. Emphasis on morphology and syntax within a structured
program of readings and exercises. Prepares for LATN 120. No prior knowledge of
Latin assumed. Preregistration, which is required, takes place at the Academic Fair.
See the Calendar for the Opening Days or the departmental Web site for details about
preregistration. L1 RP 1 Course cr
* LATN 390b, Latin Syntax and Stylistics Joseph Solodow
A systematic review of syntax and an introduction to Latin style. Selections from
Latin prose authors are read and analyzed, and students compose short pieces of Latin
prose. For students with some experience reading Latin literature who desire a better
foundation in forms, syntax, idiom, and style. L5, HU
PHIL 115a, First-Order Logic Bruno Whittle
An introduction to formal logic. Study of the formal deductive systems and semantics
for both propositional and predicate logic. Some discussion of metatheory. QR
* PHIL 427b, Computability and Logic Sun-Joo Shin
A technical exposition of Gdel's first and second incompleteness theorems and of some
of their consequences in proof theory and model theory, such as Lb's theorem, Tarski's
undefinability of truth, provability logic, and nonstandard models of arithmetic.
Prerequisite: PHIL 267 or permission of instructor. QR, HU
464
* PHIL 446b, Philosophy of Language: Situations and Events Zoltn Szab

Unification of event semantics and situation semantics. Questions about the underlying
metaphysics of the resulting theory. Prerequisites: a course in logic and an advanced
course in metaphysics or semantics. HU
Literature
Director of undergraduate studies: David Gabriel, Rm. 102, 451 College St., 432-4750,
maryjane.stevens@yale.edu; complit.yale.edu/literature-major
FACULTY OF THE LITERATURE MAJOR

Professors Dudley Andrew, Peter Brooks (Emeritus), Katerina Clark, Roberto Gonzlez
Echevarra, Martin Hgglund, Benjamin Harshav (Emeritus), Geoffrey Hartman
(Emeritus), Hannan Hever, Michael Holquist (Emeritus), Carol Jacobs, Rainer Ngele,
David Quint, Katie Trumpener, Jing Tsu
Associate Professor Moira Fradinger
Assistant Professors Robyn Creswell, Marta Figlerowicz, David Gabriel, Ayesha
Ramachandran
Senior Lecturer Peter Cole
Lecturers Jan Hagens, George Syrimis
Senior Lectors Candace Skorupa, Howard Stern
Affiliated Faculty Rolena Adorno (Spanish & Portuguese), R. Howard Bloch (French),
Rdiger Campe (German), Francesco Casetti (Film & Media Studies), Kang-i Sun
Chang (East Asian Languages & Literatures), Michael Denning (American Studies), Wai
Chee Dimock (English), Paul Fry (English), Beatrice Gruendler (Near Eastern Languages
& Civilizations), Karsten Harries (Philosophy), Alice Kaplan (French), Tina Lu (East
Asian Languages & Literatures), John MacKay (Slavic Languages & Literatures), Giuseppe
Mazzotta (Italian), Christopher L. Miller (French), Joseph Roach (English), Maurice
Samuels (French), Henry Sussman (German) (Visiting), Christopher Wood (History of
Art), Ruth Yeazell (English)
The Literature Major allows students to address fundamental questions about the
nature, function, and value of literature in a broadly comparative context. Majors read
and write about a wide variety of literary works across periods, genres, and national
traditions. They investigate traditional and contemporary approaches to literary study,
ancient and modern literary theory, and the relationship of literature to film and to
other branches of the arts and sciences.
The Literature Major offers students the freedom to construct a program of study that
reflects their intellectual goals. All students planning to major in Literature should
register with the director of undergraduate studies, who will work with them to develop
a coherent, well-focused sequence of courses suited to their individual interests.
The major offers a number of its own courses, which constitute the core of the
program. Other courses are normally chosen from different language and literature
programs, many of which offer courses on literature and film in translation. Among
these programs are African American Studies (p. 94), Classics (p. 192), East
Literature
465
Asian Languages and Literatures (p. 225), English (p. 279), Film and Media
Studies (p. 333), French (p. 344), German (p. 369), Italian (p. 437),
Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations (p. 535), Portuguese (p. 579), Slavic
Languages and Literatures (p. 604), and Spanish (p. 630). Courses in film and
media studies count toward the major in the same way as courses in literature. Students
with a particular interest in film or in translation studies may wish to elect the film track
or translation track within the Literature major, described below.
The experience of reading a foreign literature in the original language enables us to
understand the nature of both language and literature more fully. Prospective Literature
majors are strongly encouraged to begin the study of a foreign language as early as
possible in their academic careers and to continue such study throughout their time at
Yale. Students interested in graduate study in comparative literature should be aware
that many programs require reading knowledge of two or three foreign languages.
Prerequisites Completion of the Yale College foreign language distributional
requirement is a prerequisite for entry into the major. Prospective majors must also
complete LITR 120 and LITR 122, which may be taken in either order.
The standard major Beyond the prerequisites, the Literature Major requires twelve
term courses. These include LITR 300, which should be taken in the sophomore or
junior year. Also required are two core seminars, one pre-1800 course, one course
in drama or poetry, three courses in a foreign literature with readings in the original
language, three elective courses, and the senior essay. The three elective courses may be
taken in any literature department and may include two courses in a related discipline
that has direct bearing on the student's program in literature, such as history of art,
philosophy, anthropology, music, or theater studies. One of the elective courses may be
in creative writing.
Core seminars In core seminars, LITR 400480, students focus intensively on
particular texts, films, literary and cultural issues, and theoretical problems. Students
are required to take at least two core seminars, preferably one in the junior and one in
the senior year. The seminars provide training in literary interpretation and theory,
preparing students for the senior essay.
Pre-1800 course requirement The Literature Major requires at least one course in
literature before 1800. Because both genres and individual works of literature refer
to, emulate, challenge, and rewrite older works and conventions, students benefit
from acquiring a degree of historical perspective. Courses numbered LITR 150199
fulfill the pre-1800 requirement; courses from other departments may also fulfill the
requirement.
Poetry or drama requirement In addition to LITR 122 and the pre-1800 course, all
students must take one course in poetry or drama. The course may be one offered in a
program other than Literature.
Foreign literature requirement All majors are required to take at least three additional
term courses, beyond the foreign language distributional requirement, in an ancient or
modern foreign literature, in which the literature is read in the original language. One
or more courses can be taken at a basic literature level (normally equivalent to the third
year of language study); however, at least one course must be taken at an advanced
466
level (normally equivalent to the fourth year of language study or higher). Students
are encouraged to continue developing their foreign language skills by taking advanced
language courses and may, with permission of the director of undergraduate studies,
substitute one language course at the L5 level for one of the three required foreign
literature courses.
A literature course in translation is sometimes suitable as a foreign literature course.
In such cases, Literature majors are expected to request additional assignments from
their instructors that demonstrate they have engaged with the texts in the original
language. They should fill out a form, signed by the instructor, attesting to their intent
to do so. This form is available in the department office in Room 102, 451 College St.;
students should submit it to the director of undergraduate studies along with their
course schedule.
Nonnative speakers of English who are granted permission by Yale College to complete
the foreign language distributional requirement by taking ENGL 114, 115, 120, 121, or
450 may take three additional English literature courses to fulfill the foreign literature
requirement of the Literature Major, or they may fulfill the major requirements in a
third language.
The senior essay In the senior essay, required of all majors, students develop a research
topic of their choice and work closely with a faculty adviser. Normally, the essay makes
use of texts in the language of their original composition. Any exceptions must be
approved by the director of undergraduate studies. Deadlines for the prospectus, the
rough draft, and the completed essay are listed in the course descriptions of the senior
essay course (LITR 491 and 492, 493).
The senior essay may be written over one term (LITR 491) or over two terms
(LITR 492, 493). Alternatively, students may fulfill the senior essay requirement within
the context of a core seminar (the senior seminar essay). Because no more than five
students per seminar may elect this option, students should petition the instructor
promptly at the beginning of the term. It is understood that students choosing the
senior seminar essay will work closely with the instructor throughout the term and
produce a substantial paper, approximately thirty pages. Students earn one course
credit for the seminar in which the essay is written; no additional course credit is
awarded for the essay itself.
Students with an especially well-developed project may petition to write a yearlong
senior essay. Interested juniors must apply to the director of undergraduate studies
by the last day of classes in the spring term. Students may count the second term of
the essay as one elective course toward the total number of courses required for the
major. Students expecting to graduate in May enroll in LITR 492 during the fall term
and complete their essays in 493 in the spring term. December graduates enroll in 492
in the spring term and complete their essays in 493 during the following fall term.
Students planning to begin their essay in the spring term should notify the director of
undergraduate studies by the last day of classes in the fall term.
Credit/D/Fail For students in the Class of 2017 and previous classes, a maximum of
one course taken Credit/D/Fail may count toward the major, with permission of the
director of undergraduate studies. For students in the Class of 2018 and subsequent
Literature
467
classes, a maximum of two courses taken Credit/D/Fail may count toward the major,
with permission of the director of undergraduate studies.
Film track Students may elect to pursue a film-intensive concentration within the
Literature Major. Students in the film track must fulfill the same requirements as those
in the standard Literature track, with the following exceptions. Film-track students
take LITR 143 instead of LITR 122 as one of the prerequisites to the major. They take
two foreign literature courses rather than three; neither may be substituted with an
advanced language course. In addition, students in the film track must take one course
in film theory and must choose their three electives from courses in film and media
studies.
Translation track Students may elect to pursue a translation concentration within the
Literature Major. Students in the translation track must fulfill the same requirements
as those in the standard Literature track, with the following exceptions. Instead of
LITR 122, translation-track students take as one of the prerequisites to the major
LITR 348 or another course in the theory and practice of translation approved by the
director of undergraduate studies. Translation-track students must also choose their
three electives from courses that engage with some aspect of translation studies; the
office of the director of undergraduate studies maintains a list of qualifying courses.
Intensive major Students in the intensive major complete three courses each in
two non-anglophone literatures, in all of which the literature is read in the original
language. Three of these courses take the place of the three electives in the nonintensive major. Intensive majors must also demonstrate proficiency at the L5 level in
one of their languages and at the L4 level or above in the other. Students taking the
intensive major in three national literatures must take two courses each in two national
literatures and three in a third. They must demonstrate proficiency at the L5 level in the
language of their principal literature, and at the L4 level or above in the other two.
Year or term abroad The Literature Major encourages students to consider spending a
summer, a term, or a year abroad. Courses taken on international programs may, with
permission of the director of undergraduate studies, be applied to the Literature Major's
foreign literature requirement.
Foreign literature courses The following table lists languages in which advanced
literature instruction is available at Yale, specifying courses that fulfill the basic and
advanced literature requirements for the major. Courses with numbers higher than
those listed also normally fulfill the requirement, providing that they focus on literature
(rather than language) and that the literature is read in the original language.
Language
Arabic
Basic Literature Course

ARBC 150, 151
Chinese
French
CHNS 150, 151

FREN 170
German
Ancient Greek
Advanced Literature Course

ARBC 161 or 165
CHNS 170 or 171

Courses in French numbered 200
or higher
Courses in German numbered 170 Courses in German numbered 200
or higher
or higher
GREK 131 or 141
Ancient Greek courses numbered
400 or higher
468
Modern Hebrew By arrangement with instructor

Italian
Courses in Italian numbered 200
or higher
Japanese
JAPN 150, 151
Korean
KREN 150, 151
Latin
LATN 131 or 141
Persian
Portuguese
Russian
PERS 150
By arrangement with instructor
RUSS 150, 151
Spanish
SPAN 261, 262, 266, or 267

Courses in Italian numbered 200
or higher
JAPN 170 or 171
EALL 470 or 471
Latin courses numbered 400 or
higher
PERS 150
Courses in Russian numbered 170
or higher
Courses in Spanish numbered 300
or higher
Other ancient and modern languages, including those from Africa, South Asia, and the
Middle East, may be suitable for the Literature Major if a qualified faculty adviser is
available to supervise the major.

Prerequisites All tracksLITR 120; completion of Yale College foreign lang
distributional req; Standard trackLITR 122; Film trackLITR 143; Translation
trackLITR 348 or equivalent
Number of courses 12 term courses beyond prereqs (incl senior essay)
Specific course required LITR 300
Distribution of courses All tracks1 course in lit before 1800; 1 course in poetry
or drama; 2 core sems; Standard track3 courses in 1 foreign lit, as specified; 3
electives, as specified; Film track2 courses in 1 foreign lit, as specified; 1 course
in film theory; 3 electives in film & media studies; Translation track3 courses in 1
foreign lit, as specified; 3 electives in translation studies
Substitution permitted Standard and translation tracks1 advanced lang course for 1 of
3 req foreign lit courses, with DUS permission
Senior requirement One-term senior essay (LITR 491); or two-term senior essay
(LITR 492 and 493); or 1 core sem (LITR 400480) with senior sem essay
Intensive major 3 addtl courses in a second foreign lang in place of 3 electives;
demonstrated command of the second foreign lang to L4 level
Prerequisites and Required Courses

LITR 120a, Introduction to Narrative Staff
A team-taught course that examines how narratives work and what they do. Emphasis
on fictional form, the mechanics of plot, and questions of time and duration. Texts
are drawn from a variety of periods and cultures, and include folktales, short stories,
novels, case studies, graphic novels, and films. WR, HU
LITR 122b, World Poetry and Performance Staff
A team-taught course that examines lyric and epic poetry, drama, film, song, and
performance. Texts are drawn from a broad range of cultures and time periods.
Literature
469
Emphasis on how poetic and dramatic forms shape the stories they tell, on the social
and cultural uses to which these forms are put, on the relationship between text and
performance, and on historical and cross-cultural connections among texts. WR, HU
LITR 143b / FILM 240b, World Cinema Dudley Andrew
LITR 300b / ENGL 300b, Introduction to Theory of Literature Martin Hgglund
An examination of concepts and assumptions in contemporary views of literature.
Theories of meaning, interpretation, and representation. Critical analysis of formalist,
psychoanalytic, structuralist, poststructuralist, Marxist, and feminist approaches to
theory and to literature. HU
The Ancient World

* LITR 154a / ENGL 395a, The Bible as Literature Leslie Brisman
Study of the Bible as a literaturea collection of works exhibiting a variety of attitudes
toward the conflicting claims of tradition and originality, historicity and literariness.
Pre-1800 with completion of supplementary assignments in the language of the King
James Bible. If there is sufficient interest, a second section will be offered. WR, HU RP
* LITR 166b / CLCV 221b, Imperialisms Ancient and Modern Christina Kraus
Works of Greek and Latin literature that address the material advantages furnished
by imperialism and the moral cost at which they are purchased. Comparison with
films, graphic novels, and art installations that engage with similar issues in relation
to modern empires. Current problems of globalization and imperialism situated in the
context of historical empires. HU
* LITR 168a / ENGL 129a, Tragedy in the European Literary Tradition Staff
The genre of tragedy from its origins in ancient Greece and Rome through the
European Renaissance to the present day. Themes of justice, religion, free will, family,
gender, race, and dramaturgy. Works include Homer's Iliad and plays by Aeschylus,
Sophocles, Euripides, Seneca, Shakespeare, Racine, Ibsen, Chekhov, Brecht, Beckett,
and Soyinka. Focus on textual analysis and on developing the craft of persuasive
argument through writing. WR, HU
* LITR 169b / ENGL 130b, Epic in the European Literary Tradition Staff
The epic tradition traced from its foundations in ancient Greece and Rome to the
modern novel. The creation of cultural values and identities; exile and homecoming;
the heroic in times of war and of peace; the role of the individual within society;
memory and history; politics of gender, race, and religion. Works include Homer's
Odyssey, Vergil's Aeneid, Dante's Inferno, Cervantes's Don Quixote, and Joyce's Ulysses.
Focus on textual analysis and on developing the craft of persuasive argument through
writing. WR, HU
Medieval and Early Modern Literature to 1800

LITR 183b / ITAL 310b, Dante in Translation Giuseppe Mazzotta
A critical reading of Dante's Divine Comedy and selections from the minor works, with
an attempt to place Dante's work in the intellectual and social context of the late Middle
470
Ages by relating literature to philosophical, theological, and political concerns. One

discussion section conducted in Italian. HU Tr
* LITR 186b / ITAL 325b, Italian Representations of Love from Antiquity to the
Renaissance Angela Capodivacca
Representations of love in literature, philosophy, and art from ancient Rome to the
Italian Renaissance. Differences in social practices and mores over time. Works from
both the classical Latin and the Italian vernacular traditions. Authors include Catullus,
Ovid, Vergil, Petronius, Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio, and Michelangelo. HU Tr
LITR 191b / FREN 310b, Louis XIV and the Culture of Absolutism Christopher
Semk
An exploration of the major literary works of seventeenth-century France, with special
emphasis on the relationship between absolutism and cultural life. Artistic patronage
and the institutionalization of the arts, support for and subversion of royal authority,
and the characteristics of classical style. HU
* LITR 196b / JDST 312b, Hebrew Poetry in Muslim Spain Peter Cole
Introduction to the Golden Age of Hebrew poetry in Muslim Andalusia from the
tenth century through the twelfth. Major figures of the period and the cultural
and philosophical questions they confronted. The Judeo-Arabic social context in
which the poetry emerged; critical issues pertaining to the study and transmission
of this literature. Readings from the works of several poets. Readings in translation.
Additional readings in Hebrew available. HU Tr
LITR 197b / EALL 203b, The Tale of Genji Edward Kamens
* LITR 198b / GMAN 333b, Medieval German Lyric Staff
Introduction to courtly poetry of the German High Middle Ages, from the twelfth
through thirteenth centuries. Focus on the woman's voice as a performance device
in the lyric of major artists. The language and formal conventions of lyric subgenres;
development of the woman's role in the lyric of other European cultures. Readings and
discussion in English; texts available in the original Middle High German. HU
European Literature since 1800

LITR 215b / GMAN 311b, The Age of Goethe Staff
Introduction to Germany's "classical" period, from the 1790s to the 1830s, with
attention to literature, philosophy, art, and culture. The close connection between
literature and philosophy of the period; the theoretical foundations of European
Romanticism and of later backlashes against it. Some attention to twentieth-century
theory. WR, HU
Literature
471
* LITR 218a / GMAN 226a, Faust Jan Hagens

The development of the Faust motif through time, from the period of the Renaissance
and the Reformation to the twentieth century. Readings from the English adaptation
of the original German chapbook and from works by Marlowe, Ben Johnson, Goethe,
Wilde, Bulgakov, and Thomas Mann. Screenings of films with a Faustian theme. HU
* LITR 226a / GMAN 240a, German Modernism Henry Sussman
Introduction to the radical innovations of modernism as it was forged, received,
and revised in German-speaking Europe from c. 1880 to 1945. Literary experiments
in dissonance and multifaceted suggestion; strategies in criticism and elucidation
demanded by modernist works. Some attention to parallels in painting and music.
Readings in English translation. Priority to German Studies majors. HU RP
* LITR 229b / GMAN 327b, Around Kafka Henry Sussman
Franz Kafka's writings viewed as a site for the radical questioning and dislocation of
Western systems, institutions, and mores of the early twentieth century. Attention to
the shorter fiction, the novels, the letters, and their strategic interrelations; examination
of the fields of knowledge, ideological presumptions, and aesthetic and cultural
experiments that Kafka touched, and to some degree deranged, with his writing. HU
* LITR 239a / CLCV 216a / MGRK 216a, Dionysus in Modernity George Syrimis
Manifestations of Dionysus in literature, anthropology, and music; the ApollonianDionysiac dichotomy; twentieth-century variations of these themes in psychoanalysis,
LITR 245b / RSEE 254b / RUSS 254b, Novels of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky Vladimir
Alexandrov
Close reading of major novels by two of Russia's greatest authors. Focus on the
interrelations of theme, form, and literary-cultural context. Readings and discussion in
English. HU
* LITR 248a / GMAN 326a, Franz Kafka and Thomas Mann Jan Hagens
Comparison of Kafka's radical modernism and Mann's neoclassical realism as
fundamentally different modes of responding to the challenges of twentieth-century
culture. Close reading of short stories by both writers, with attention to the authors'
themes, literary techniques, and worldviews. Discussion in English; readings in
German or English. HU Tr
Non-European Literature since 1800

* LITR 250b / AFAM 287b / AFST 412b / FREN 412b, Postcolonial Theory and
readings available both in French and in English translation. HU RP
* LITR 252b / PORT 350b, Machado de Assis K. David Jackson
The place of Machado de Assis in world literature explored through close reading of
his nine novels and selected stories in translation. Machado's hybrid literary world,
472
skeptical critique of empire in Brazil, and narrative constructions. Readings and

discussion in English; reading of texts in Portuguese for Portuguese majors. WR, HU
Tr
* LITR 260a / PORT 385a, Brazilian Literature in the New Republic K. David
Jackson
Changing narratives, themes, styles, and aesthetic ideals in current Brazilian prose
and poetry. The writers' attempts to express or define a personal, national, and global
consciousness influenced by the return of political democracy to Brazil. Focus on
readings published within the last five years. Readings and discussion in English; texts
available in Portuguese. WR, HU Tr
* LITR 291a / PORT 410a, The Brazilian Short Story in Translation K. David Jackson
Tr
LITR 292b / LAST 396b / PORT 396b, Modern Brazilian Literature in Translation
K. David Jackson
Literary Theory and Special Topics

* LITR 307b / GMAN 374b, Walter Benjamin and the Modernization of NineteenthCentury Paris Henry Sussman
The radical modernization of Paris under the Second Empire (185170) as seen through
the eyes of Walter Benjamin. Focus on Benjamin's Arcades Project, a compendium
that charted developments such as Parisian mass transit and streamlined traffic, the
construction of apartment houses, and the dissemination of mass media. Readings from
other literary texts on the same events include works by Balzac, Zola, and Aragon. HU
* LITR 323a / ENGL 336a / THST 303a, The Opera Libretto J. D. McClatchy
* LITR 344b / GMAN 345b, Fiction and Knowledge Carol Jacobs
Fiction and related prose pieces in which the relationships between narration, fiction,
understanding, and knowing play a critical role. Focus on works by Western writers
of the nineteenth through the twenty-first century. The texts' theoretical implications
and implicit self-definitions; the import of concepts such as truth, fiction, selfconsciousness, perception, science, and narrative. Readings and discussion in English;
texts available in the original German or French. HU Tr
Literature
473
* LITR 347a / MGRK 234a, Surveillance, Paranoia, and the Modern State George
Syrimis
Cultural and artistic reactions to the collection and control of information and the
tension that arises between these practices and liberal claims to privacy rights. Focus
on literary and cinematic works. The control of information as manifested in the
technologies of behaviorism; the political and economic regimes of totalitarianism;
liberal democracy and corporate capitalism; theoretical speculation about the
relationship between writers and authors and spectators and their objects. HU
* LITR 348b / ENGL 456b / HUMS 427b / JDST 316b, The Practice of Literary
HU
Film
LITR 354a / FILM 312a, Theory of Media Francesco Casetti
Introduction to key issues in media studies. Relationships between commodity,
artwork, and networks of exchange; media and public sphere; the analysis of radio and
television; alternative or counter-hegemonic conceptions of media; and the viability of
the concept "media" itself. HU
* LITR 359b / FILM 457b / ITAL 303b, Italian Film from Postwar to Postmodern
Millicent Marcus
* LITR 366a / FILM 416a / FREN 394a, French Cinema through the New Wave
Dudley Andrew
* LITR 382b / FILM 419b, German New Waves in Cold War Europe Katie Trumpener
Comparative study of New Wave cinema in East and West Germany, with a focus
on aesthetic ferment, institutional barriers, and transformation. Berlin as the best
place to follow Europe's emerging cinematic New Waves before 1961. Distinctive
approaches developed by young filmmakers in East and West Germany to political and
documentary filmmaking, to the Nazi past and the Cold War, and to class, gender, and
social transformation. Knowledge of German helpful but not necessary. WR, HU
* LITR 398a / ENGL 308a / FILM 242a / HUMS 454a, Interpreting Film Masterpieces
474
Core Seminars
Two seminars are required for Literature majors; nonmajors may be admitted with
permission of the instructor.
* LITR 416a / GMAN 358a / JDST 345a, Georg Lukcs: Literature and Politics
Hannan Hever
* LITR 418a / JDST 339a / MMES 418a / RLST 203a, Introduction to Modern Hebrew
* LITR 420b / SPAN 393b, The Jungle Books Roberto Gonzlez Echevarra
A study of novels, stories, and films about a journey to the jungle in search of personal
fulfillment and the origins of history. Authors include Alvar Nez Cabeza de Vaca,
Arthur Conan Doyle, Joseph Conrad, Andr Malraux, Alejo Carpentier, W. H. Hudson,
Claude Lvi-Strauss, Jos Eustasio Rivera, and Mario Vargas Llosa. Readings and
discussion in English. WR, HU Tr
* LITR 423a / GMAN 276a, Satire, Irony, and Parody Paul North
The uses and abuses of satire, irony, and parody as literary modes for social critique.
Examination of the historical claim that antiquity uses satire, the romantic period uses
irony, and the modernist period to the present uses parody for the purposes of critique.
Readings include German and Austrian literature written from the eighteenth to the
twenty-first centuries and classic works in the ancient Greek, Roman, English, Spanish,
and American traditions. HU
* LITR 427b / FILM 358b / GMAN 369b, Text and Image: The Double of
* LITR 429b / GMAN 364b, Illegitimacy Kirk Wetters
Theoretical exploration of legitimacy as a fundamental historical, legal, and political
concept; works by Weber, Schmitt, Blumenberg, and Luhmann. Literary readings on
illegitimacy in the specific sense "born out of wedlock"; authors include Shakespeare,
Goethe, Kleist, Dostoevsky, and Gide. Discussion in English; readings in German or
English. HU, SO
* LITR 430a / GMAN 416a, Novels of the Institution Rdiger Campe
Close reading of novels of institutionsschool, law court, administration, hospital
from c. 1900. The shift of focus from the individual to the institution; consequences
of this shift for the concept and form of the novel. Works by R. Walser, Joyce, Kafka,
Literature
475
Musil, and Thomas Mann; readings in social and aesthetic theory by Simmel, Lukcs,
and Benjamin. Discussion in English; readings in German and English. HU
* LITR 433b / GMAN 357b / PHIL 225b, Nietzsche and His Readers Paul North
* LITR 456a / GMAN 456a, Interpretation and Authority Carol Jacobs
Close readings of works on problems of authority and interpretation by Sigmund
Freud, Roland Barthes, Paul de Man, and Walter Benjamin. Exploration of their writing
as a performance that questions simplistic notions of truth. Consideration of the
problem of how to interpret texts that unsettle the very nature of interpretation. HU
* LITR 463a / ENGL 353a, Medieval Celtic Literature David Gabriel
Major texts of Celtic literature, focusing on works from the birth of vernacular literature
in the Middle Ages to the early modern period. Cultural, historical, and literary issues
surrounding works in the Irish and Welsh languages; literary culture in Breton,
Cornish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx. Genres include lyric and bardic poetry, heroic and
religious narrative, and early Arthurian works. Readings in English translation; no
knowledge of Celtic languages assumed. HU Tr
* LITR 465b, Travel and Quests in Early World Literature David Gabriel
Journeys of all typesViking voyage of discovery, saintly pilgrimage, Zen journey
to enlightenment, knightly questthat speak to the core of the human experience.
Literature of travel, journeys, and quests in the ancient and medieval world; focus on
the motivation behind travel and on the repercussions of translating such journeys into
literary form. HU
* LITR 468a / GMAN 362a, The Question of Form Carol Jacobs
The concept of art in relation to form and deformation. The Platonic tradition in
The Republic and echoed in twentieth-century philosophy (Cassirer and Heidegger),
modern literature (Keats, Hardy, Kleist, Poe, Kafka), and film (Godard, Egoyan,
Dreyer, Sun Zhou, Wong Kar Wai). HU
* LITR 480a, Topics in Literary Theory: Psychoanalysis in Literature and Film
Moira Fradinger
In-depth examination of a field of literary theory; topics change annually, and the
course can be taken more than once. The topic for 2015 is concepts in psychoanalytic
theory that bridge the clinical world, literary and critical theory, and film and gender
studies. Foundational works by Freud and Lacan are considered together with literary
and theoretical texts in order to explore the link between the arts and psychoanalytic
theory. Concepts from the clinical field that have been imported into theories of culture,
society, and the arts. HU
* LITR 488a or b, Directed Reading and/or Individual Research Staff
Special projects in an area of the student's particular interest set up with the help of a
faculty adviser and the director of undergraduate studies. Projects must cover material
not otherwise offered by the department, must terminate in at least a term paper or
its equivalent, and must have the approval of the director of undergraduate studies.
Enrollment limited to Literature majors.
476
Senior Courses
* LITR 491a or b, The Senior Essay David Gabriel
An independent writing and research project. The senior essay is due in the office
of the director of undergraduate studies according to the following schedule: (1) by
September 4 (for LITR 491a) or January 15 (for LITR 491b), a three-page prospectus
signed by the student's adviser; (2) by October 16 (for LITR 491a) or March 4 (for
LITR 491b), a full rough draft (not notes); (3) by December 4 (for LITR 491a) or April
8 (for LITR 491b), the completed essay. The minimum length for an essay is twentyfive pages. Students are urged to arrange a topic and adviser early in the term before the
term in which the essay is to be written.
* LITR 492a and LITR 493b, The Yearlong Senior Essay David Gabriel
An extended research project. Students must petition the curriculum committee for
permission to enroll by the last day of classes in the term preceding enrollment in
LITR 492. For students expecting to graduate in May, the senior essay is due in the
office of the director of undergraduate studies according to the following schedule:
(1) by September 4, a three-page prospectus signed by the student's adviser; (2) by
January 15, a full rough draft (not notes); (3) by April 8, the completed essay. December
graduates should consult the director of undergraduate studies for required deadlines.
The minimum length for a yearlong senior essay is forty pages.
Mathematics
See also Applied Mathematics (p. 129).
Director of undergraduate studies: Andrew Casson, 216 LOM, 432-7056,
andrew.casson@yale.edu; math.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

Professors Andrew Casson, Ronald Coifman, Igor Frenkel, Alexander Goncharov,
Roger Howe, Peter Jones, Mikhail Kapranov, Gregory Margulis, Yair Minsky, Vincent
Moncrief, Hee Oh, David Pollard, Vladimir Rokhlin, Peter Schultheiss (Emeritus), Van
Vu, Gregg Zuckerman
Associate Professor Sam Payne
J. W. Gibbs Assistant Professors Asher Auel, Xiuyuan Cheng, Asaf Ferber, Steven
Frankel, Jos Gonzlez, Michael Magee, You Qi, Manas Rachh, Ilia Smilga, Stefan
Steinerberger, Sam Taylor, Giulio Tiozzo, Guy Wolf
Adjunct Professors Michael Frame, Gil Kalai, Alex Lubotzky
Lecturers Marketa Havlickova, Miriam Logan, James Rolf
Helmsley Postdoctoral Teaching Scholars Lake Bookman, Brett Smith
Statistics Faculty Andrew Barron, Joseph Chang, John Hartigan (Emeritus), David
Pollard
Mathematics has many aspects: it is the language and tool of the sciences, a cultural
phenomenon with a rich historical tradition, and a model of abstract reasoning. The
course offerings and the major in Mathematics reflect these multiple facets. The
Mathematics
477
Mathematics major provides a broad education in various areas of mathematics in a

program flexible enough to accommodate many ranges of interest.
Placement in courses The department offers a three-term sequence in calculus,
MATH 112, 115, and 120. Students who have not taken calculus at Yale and who wish to
enroll in calculus must take the mathematics online placement examination; a link to
the online examination and additional information are available on the departmental
Web site (http://math.yale.edu/undergrad/placement-exam). A calculus advising
session will be held at the beginning of the fall term to answer student questions about
placement.
MATH 112 is an introductory course that presupposes basic skills in high school
algebra, geometry, and trigonometry. Enrolling students are expected to know the
basic definitions of the trigonometric functions, synthetic division, factorization,
and elementary area and volume formulas of plane and solid geometry. MATH 115
presupposes familiarity with the topics covered in MATH 112. MATH 120 presupposes
familiarity with the topics covered in MATH 115.
MATH 230, 231 is an advanced course sequence in linear algebra and introductory
analysis for students with exceptionally strong backgrounds in mathematics. Students
who wish to enroll in MATH 230 should consult with the instructor of the course. After
MATH 115, students with a strong interest in abstract mathematics should consider
taking MATH 230, 231.
B.A. and B.S. degree programs The prerequisite for each program is calculus through
the level of MATH 120 or the equivalent.
Each program normally consists of ten term courses in Mathematics numbered 222 or
higher, including MATH 480. These ten may include no more than five term courses
from other institutions. Each student is expected to take vector calculus and linear
algebra: either MATH 230 and 231, or one of MATH 222 or 225 and MATH 250. To
acquire both depth and breadth in the field, students are required to take at least two
term courses in each of three of the following five categories: analysis, algebra and
number theory, statistics and applied mathematics, geometry and topology, and logic
and foundations. Each major program must also include at least one course in at least
two of the three core areas: real analysis, algebra, and complex analysis. Taking courses
from all three core areas is strongly recommended. To be eligible for Distinction in the
Major, a student must have completed at least one course from each of the three core
areas. The categories and core areas to which each course belongs are indicated in the
course listings.
A candidate for the B.S. degree must take at least two advanced term courses in the
physical sciences, such as CHEM 328, 332, 333, or PHYS 401, 402, in addition to the
ten term courses required for the B.A. degree. Such courses require the approval of the
director of undergraduate studies; written approval is advised.
Any student interested in pursuing further study in pure mathematics should include
MATH 301, 305, 310, 350, 370, and 430 in his or her program, and should consider
taking one or more graduate-level courses. Students interested in applications of
mathematics should include MATH 300 or 301, 310, 350, and a selection of courses from
MATH 241, 242, 244, 246, 251, 260, and CPSC 440.
478
Senior requirement During the senior year students majoring in Mathematics

normally take the senior seminar (MATH 480). Alternatively, with the consent of the
director of undergraduate studies, highly qualified students may write a senior essay
in MATH 475 under the guidance of a faculty member, and give an oral report to the
department. Students wishing to write a senior essay should consult the director of
undergraduate studies early in the fall term.
Courses related to mathematics Each Mathematics major is urged to acquire
additional familiarity with the uses of mathematics by taking courses in Applied
Mathematics (p. 129), Computer Science (p. 210), Engineering and Applied
Science (p. 276), Economics (p. 249), Philosophy (p. 544), Physics
(p. 551), Statistics (p. 639), or other departments. In some instances a limited
number of such courses may be counted among the ten courses required for the major
in Mathematics, with the approval of the director of undergraduate studies.
Each year the Mathematics and Statistics departments offer a large number of graduate
courses, some of which are accessible to undergraduates with advanced preparation in
mathematics. Further information may be obtained from the directors of undergraduate
studies whose permission, with that of the relevant director of graduate studies, is
required for admission.
The intensive major Candidates for a degree with an intensive major in Mathematics
must take courses in all three of the core areas: real analysis, algebra, and complex
analysis. Intensive majors are also expected to include at least two graduate term
courses in the Mathematics department, or equivalent independent study, in their
programs. Familiarity with the material of the following courses is prerequisite
to graduate courses in each category: algebra: two courses between 350 and 399;
analysis: MATH 301, 305, 310; algebraic topology: MATH 301, 350; logic and foundations:
MATH 270.
Combined B.S./M.S. degree program Students who, by the end of their senior year,
complete the requirements of the department for the M.S. in Mathematics are eligible
to receive this degree at their Senior Commencement. Required are: (1) eight term
courses numbered 500 or higher, most of which must be completed with grades of B or
better; (2) satisfactory performance on a general oral examination.
The master's program is in no sense a substitute for the B.A. or B.S. program; rather,
it is designed to accommodate a very few exceptional students who, by means of
accelerated or independent study, can satisfy the department as to their command
of the content of the normal undergraduate program by the end of the junior year.
Candidates must submit a proposal that foresees this level of achievement to the
director of undergraduate studies no later than the last day of classes in their fifth
term of enrollment in Yale College. If approved by the department, the proposal is
forwarded to the Yale College Dean's Office. Students' status and progress are reviewed
before they are permitted to continue in the program in the senior year. For more
information on Yale College requirements for the program, see "Simultaneous Award of
Mathematics
479
the Bachelor's and Master's Degrees" in Section K, Special Arrangements (p. 65), in the
Students take at least two graduate term courses in the junior year (normally courses in
algebra or analysis are the first graduate courses taken). The general oral examination
covers a list of topics available from the director of graduate studies and is accepted in
lieu of the usual senior oral presentation. Details concerning the requirements for the
master's degree may be obtained from the director of graduate studies.

Prerequisite MATH 120 or equivalent
Number of courses B.A.10 term courses numbered 222 or higher, incl MATH 480;
B.S.same, with 2 addtl courses in physical sciences
Specific courses required MATH 230 and 231; or MATH 222 or 225, and MATH 250
Distribution of courses B.A.2 courses in each of 3 categories chosen from analysis,
algebra and number theory, stat and applied math, geometry and topology, logic
and foundations; courses from 2 of 3 core areas, as specified; B.S.same, with 2
addtl advanced courses in physical sciences approved by DUS
Substitution permitted With DUS permission, certain courses in Applied Math, Comp
Sci, Engineering & Applied Science, Econ, Phil, Physics, Stat
Intensive major Courses in all 3 core areas; 2 grad courses or equivalent independent
study counted among the required courses
Senior requirement Senior sem (MATH 480) or, with DUS permission, senior essay
(MATH 475) and oral report
[ MATH 101, Geometry of Nature ]

* MATH 107a, Mathematics in the Real World Staff
The use of mathematics to address real-world problems. Applications of exponential
functions to compound interest and population growth; geometric series in mortgage
payments, amortization of loans, present value of money, and drug doses and blood
levels; basic probability, Bayes's rule, and false positives in drug testing; elements of
logic. No knowledge of calculus required. Enrollment limited to students who have not
previously taken a high school or college calculus course. QR
MATH 108b, Estimation and Error Miriam Logan
A problem-based investigation of basic mathematical principles and techniques that
help make sense of the world. Estimation, order of magnitude, approximation and
error, counting, units, scaling, measurement, variation, simple modeling. Applications
to demographics, geology, ecology, finance, and other fields. Emphasis on both the
practical and the philosophical implications of the mathematics. Does not count toward
the requirements of a major in Mathematics. QR
* MATH 112a or b, Calculus of Functions of One Variable I Staff
Limits and their properties. Definitions and some techniques of differentiation and
the evaluation of definite integrals, with applications. Use of the software package
Mathematica to illustrate concepts. No prior acquaintance with calculus or computing
assumed. QR
480
* MATH 115a or b, Calculus of Functions of One Variable II Staff

A continuation of MATH 112. Applications of integration, with some formal
techniques and numerical methods. Improper integrals, approximation of functions by
polynomials, infinite series. Exercises involve the software package Mathematica. After
MATH 112 or equivalent; open to freshmen with some preparation in calculus. May not
be taken after MATH 116. QR
* MATH 116b, Mathematical Models in the Biosciences I: Calculus Techniques
Michael Frame
Introduction to topics in mathematical modeling that are applicable to biological
systems. Discrete and continuous models of population, neural, and cardiac dynamics.
Stability of fixed points and limit cycles of differential equations. Applications include
Norton's chemotherapy scheduling and stochastic models of tumor suppressor gene
networks. After MATH 112 or equivalent. May not be taken after MATH 115. QR
* MATH 118a or b, Introduction to Functions of Several Variables Staff
A combination of linear algebra and differential calculus of several variables. Matrix
representation of linear equations, Gauss elimination, vector spaces, independence,
basis and dimension, projections, least squares approximation, and orthogonality.
Three-dimensional geometry, functions of two and three variables, level curves and
surfaces, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, and optimization. Intended for
students in the social sciences, especially Economics. May not be taken after MATH 120
or 222. Prerequisite: MATH 112. QR
* MATH 120a or b, Calculus of Functions of Several Variables Staff
Analytic geometry in three dimensions, using vectors. Real-valued functions of two
and three variables, partial derivatives, gradient and directional derivatives, level curves
and surfaces, maxima and minima. Parametrized curves in space, motion in space,
line integrals; applications. Multiple integrals, with applications. Divergence and curl.
The theorems of Green, Stokes, and Gauss. After MATH 115, or with permission of
instructor. May not be taken after MATH 121. QR
* MATH 160b / AMTH 160b, The Structure of Networks Staff
Network structures and network dynamics described through examples and
applications ranging from marketing to epidemics and the world climate. Study of
social and biological networks as well as networks in the humanities. Mathematical
graphs provide a simple common language to describe the variety of networks and their
properties. QR
MATH 190a or b, Fractal Geometry Michael Frame
A visual introduction to the geometry of fractals and the dynamics of chaos, accessible
to students not majoring in science. Study of mathematical patterns repeating on many
levels and expressions of these patterns in nature, art, music, and literature. QR
* MATH 199a, Mathematical Problem Solving Staff
Study of a variety of techniques for solving challenging mathematical problems. Topics
include the pigeon-hole principle, probabilities, congruences, generating functions,
polynomials, and basic number theory. Open to students with beginning, intermediate,
or advanced problem-solving skills. Course cr
MATH 222a or b / AMTH 222a or b, Linear Algebra with Applications Staff
Matrix representation of linear equations. Gauss elimination. Vector spaces. Linear
independence, basis, and dimension. Orthogonality, projection, least squares
Mathematics
481
approximation; orthogonalization and orthogonal bases. Extension to function spaces.

Determinants. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Diagonalization. Difference equations
and matrix differential equations. Symmetric and Hermitian matrices. Orthogonal and
unitary transformations; similarity transformations. After MATH 115 or equivalent.
May not be taken after MATH 225. QR
MATH 225a or b, Linear Algebra and Matrix Theory Staff
An introduction to the theory of vector spaces, matrix theory and linear
transformations, determinants, eigenvalues, and quadratic forms. Some relations to
calculus and geometry are included. After or concurrently with MATH 120. May not be
taken after MATH 222. QR
[ MATH 228, From Euclid to Einstein ]
* MATH 230a, Vector Calculus and Linear Algebra I Giulio Tiozzo
A careful study of the calculus of functions of several variables, combined with linear
algebra. QR
* MATH 231b, Vector Calculus and Linear Algebra II Giulio Tiozzo
Continuation of MATH 230. Application of linear algebra to differential calculus.
Inverse and implicit function theorems; the idea of a manifold; integration of
differential forms; general Stokes' theorem. QR
Math: Analysis
* MATH 235b, Reflection Groups Asher Auel
Concepts of linear algebra are used to explore the algebraic and geometric properties of
groups generated by reflections. Examples from reflection groups introduce elements
of group theory, Lie algebras, and representation theory. Reflections in a real Euclidean
space, groups generated by reflections, crystallographic groups, and Coxeter groups.
Preference to sophomores majoring in mathematics or the sciences. Prerequisite:
MATH 222 or 225. QR
MATH 241a / STAT 241a, Probability Theory Staff
Introduction to probability theory. Topics include probability spaces, random variables,
expectations and probabilities, conditional probability, independence, discrete and
continuous distributions, central limit theorem, Markov chains, and probabilistic
modeling. After or concurrently with MATH 120 or equivalent. QR
MATH 242b / STAT 242b, Theory of Statistics Staff
Study of the principles of statistical analysis. Topics include maximum likelihood,
sampling distributions, estimation, confidence intervals, tests of significance,
regression, analysis of variance, and the method of least squares. Some statistical
computing. After STAT 241 and concurrently with or after MATH 222 or 225, or
equivalents. QR
482
MATH 244a / AMTH 244a, Discrete Mathematics Asaf Ferber

MATH 246a or b, Ordinary Differential Equations Staff
First-order equations, second-order equations, linear systems with constant
coefficients. Numerical solution methods. Geometric and algebraic properties of
differential equations. After MATH 120 or equivalent; after or concurrently with
MATH 222 or 225 or equivalent. QR
Math: Analysis
MATH 247b / AMTH 247b / G&G 247b, Partial Differential Equations Stefan
Steinerberger
MATH 250a, Vector Analysis Andrew Casson
Calculus of functions of several variables, using vector and matrix methods. The
derivative as a linear mapping. Inverse and implicit function theorems. Transformation
of multiple integrals. Line and surface integrals of vector fields. Curl and divergence.
Differential forms. Theorems of Green and Gauss; general Stokes' theorem. After
MATH 120, and 222 or 225 or equivalent. QR
Math: Analysis
MATH 251b / STAT 251b, Stochastic Processes Staff
Introduction to the study of random processes, including Markov chains, Markov
random fields, martingales, random walks, Brownian motion, and diffusions.
Techniques in probability, such as coupling and large deviations. Applications chosen
from image reconstruction, Bayesian statistics, finance, probabilistic analysis of
algorithms, and genetics and evolution. After STAT 241 or equivalent. QR
MATH 260a / AMTH 260a, Basic Analysis in Function Spaces Stefan Steinerberger
Diagonalization of linear operators, with applications in physics and engineering;
calculus of variations; data analysis. MATH 260 is a natural continuation of PHYS 301.
Prerequisites: MATH 120, and 222 or 225. QR
MATH 270a, Set Theory Gregg Zuckerman
Algebra of sets; finite, countable, and uncountable sets. Cardinal numbers and cardinal
arithmetic. Order types and ordinal numbers. The axiom of choice and the wellordering theorem. After MATH 120 or equivalent. QR
Mathematics
483
MATH 290a, Fractal Geometry: Concepts and Applications Hee Oh

An examination of mathematical patterns repeating on many levels. Mathematical
concepts of fractals and chaos, and application of these tools to modeling natural
phenomena. Prerequisites: MATH 120 and 222 or equivalent. QR
Math: Geometry/Topology
MATH 300b, Topics in Analysis Ronald Coifman
An introduction to analysis, with topics chosen from infinite series, the theory of
metric spaces, and fixed-point theorems with applications. Students who have taken
MATH 230, 231 should take MATH 301 instead of this course. After MATH 250 or with
Math: Core Real Analysis
Math: Analysis
* MATH 301a, Introduction to Analysis Peter Jones
Foundations of real analysis, including metric spaces and point set topology, infinite
series, and function spaces. After MATH 230, 231 or equivalent. QR
Math: Analysis
MATH 305b, Real Analysis Yair Minsky
The Lebesgue integral, Fourier series, applications to differential equations. After
MATH 301 or with permission of instructor. QR
Math: Analysis
MATH 310a, Introduction to Complex Analysis Gregory Margulis
An introduction to the theory and applications of functions of a complex variable.
Differentiability of complex functions. Complex integration and Cauchy's theorem.
Series expansions. Calculus of residues. Conformal mapping. After MATH 231 or 250 or
equivalent. QR
Math: Core Complex Analysis
Math: Analysis
* MATH 315b, Intermediate Complex Analysis Giulio Tiozzo
Continuation of MATH 310. Topics may include argument principle, Rouch's
theorem, Hurwitz theorem, Runge's theorem, analytic continuation, Schwarz reflection
principle, Jensen's formula, infinite products, Weierstrass theorem. Functions of
finite order, Hadamard's theorem, meromorphic functions. Mittag-Leffler's theorem,
subharmonic functions. After MATH 310. QR RP
Math: Analysis
Math: Core Complex Analysis
* MATH 320a, Measure Theory and Integration Staff
Construction and limit theorems for measures and integrals on general spaces; product
measures; Lp spaces; integral representation of linear functionals. After MATH 305 or
equivalent. QR RP
Math: Analysis
484
* MATH 325b, Introduction to Functional Analysis Staff

Hilbert, normed, and Banach spaces; geometry of Hilbert space, Riesz-Fischer
theorem; dual space; Hahn-Banach theorem; Riesz representation theorems; linear
operators; Baire category theorem; uniform boundedness, open mapping, and closed
graph theorems. After MATH 320. QR RP
Math: Analysis
MATH 330b / STAT 330b, Advanced Probability Staff
Measure theoretic probability, conditioning, laws of large numbers, convergence
in distribution, characteristic functions, central limit theorems, martingales. Some
knowledge of real analysis assumed. QR
* MATH 345a, Modern Combinatorics Van Vu
Recent developments and important questions in combinatorics. Relations to other
areas of mathematics such as analysis, probability, and number theory. Topics include
probabilistic method, random graphs, random matrices, pseudorandomness in graph
theory and number theory, Szemeredi's theorem and lemma, and Green-Tao's theorem.
Prerequisite: MATH 244. QR
MATH 350a, Introduction to Abstract Algebra Asher Auel
Group theory, structure of Abelian groups, and applications to number theory.
Symmetric groups and linear groups including orthogonal and unitary groups;
properties of Euclidean and Hermitian spaces. Some examples of group
representations. Modules over Euclidean rings, Jordan and rational canonical forms of a
linear transformation. After MATH 222 or equivalent. QR
Math: Core Algebra
[ MATH 353, Introduction to Representation Theory ]
* MATH 354b, Number Theory Staff
Prime numbers; quadratic reciprocity law, Gauss sums; finite fields, equations over
finite fields; zeta functions. After MATH 350. QR
MATH 360a, Introduction to Lie Groups Staff
Lie groups as the embodiment of the idea of continuous symmetry. The exponential
map on matrices and applications; spectral theory; examples and structure of Lie
groups and Lie algebras; connections with geometry and physics. After MATH 231 or
250 or equivalent. MATH 300 or 301 and MATH 350 recommended. QR
MATH 370b, Fields and Galois Theory Marketa Havlickova
Rings, with emphasis on integral domains and polynomial rings. The theory of fields
and Galois theory, including finite fields, solvability of equations by radicals, and the
fundamental theorem of algebra. Quadratic forms. After MATH 350. QR
Math: Core Algebra
Mathematics
485

MATH 373a, Algebraic Number Theory Alexander Goncharov
Structure of fields of algebraic numbers (solutions of polynomial equations with integer
coefficients) and their rings of integers; prime decomposition of ideals and finiteness of
the ideal class group; completions and ramification; adeles and ideles; zeta functions.
Prerequisites: MATH 310 and 370. QR
MATH 380a, Modern Algebra I Samuel Payne
A survey of algebraic constructions and theories at a sophisticated level. Topics include
categorical language, free groups and other free objects in categories, general theory
of rings and modules, artinian rings, and introduction to homological algebra. After
MATH 350 and 370. QR RP
Math: Core Algebra
MATH 381b, Modern Algebra II You Qi
Topics in commutative algebra: general extension of fields; Noetherian, local, and
Dedekind rings. Introduction to valuation theory. Rudiments of algebraic geometry.
After MATH 380. QR RP
Math: Core Algebra
MATH 420a, Introduction to Ergodic Theory Gregory Margulis
An introduction to ergodic theory. Recurrence, including Poincare recurrence
theorem; ergodicity and ergodic theorems, including the mean ergodic theorem and
the individual ergodic theorem; measure preserving transformations with discrete
spectrum; mixing and weak mixing; entropy; topological dynamics and topological
entropy; applications to combinatorial number theory; homogeneous dynamics with
applications to number theory. Prerequisite: MATH 305. QR
MATH 430b, Introduction to Algebraic Topology Andrew Casson
The theory of fundamental groups and covering spaces, with particular reference to
two-dimensional manifolds. After MATH 350, and 300 or 301, or equivalents. QR
[ MATH 435, Differential Geometry ]
MATH 470a or b, Individual Studies Staff
Individual investigation of an area of mathematics outside of those covered in
regular courses, involving directed reading, discussion, and either papers or an
examination. A written plan of study approved by the student's adviser and the director
of undergraduate studies is required. The course may normally be elected for only one
term.
MATH 475a or b, Senior Essay Andrew Casson
Highly qualified students may write a senior essay under the guidance of a faculty
member, and give an oral report to the department. Students wishing to write a senior
essay should consult the director of undergraduate studies early in the fall term.
* MATH 480a or b, Senior Seminar: Mathematical Topics Staff
A number of mathematical topics are chosen each terme.g., differential topology, Lie
algebras, mathematical methods in physicsand explored in one section of the seminar.
486
Students present several talks on the chosen topic. One section each year is devoted to
topics of interest to Economics and Mathematics majors, and is co-taught by a member
of the Economics department.
Other Courses Related to Mathematics

or equivalent. QR
CPSC 365b, Design and Analysis of Algorithms Daniel Spielman
Paradigms for problem solving: divide and conquer, recursion, greedy algorithms,
dynamic programming, randomized and probabilistic algorithms. Techniques for
analyzing the efficiency of algorithms and designing efficient algorithms and data
structures. Algorithms for graph theoretic problems, network flows, and numerical
linear algebra. Provides algorithmic background essential to further study of computer
science. After CPSC 202 and 223. QR
CPSC 440b, Numerical Computation Vladimir Rokhlin
Algorithms for numerical problems in the physical, biological, and social sciences:
solution of linear and nonlinear systems of equations, interpolation and approximation
of functions, numerical differentiation and integration, optimization. After CPSC 112 or
an equivalent introductory programming course; MATH 120; and MATH 222 or 225 or
CPSC 202. QR
Mathematics and Philosophy

Directors of undergraduate studies: Andrew Casson (Mathematics), 216 LOM,
432-7056, andrew.casson@yale.edu; Kenneth Winkler (Philosophy), 406A C, 432-1679,
kenneth.winkler@yale.edu
Mathematics and Physics
487
The Mathematics and Philosophy major allows students to explore those areas where
philosophy and mathematics meet, in particular, mathematical and philosophical logic
and the philosophy of mathematics.
The prerequisite for the major is MATH 120. The major requires twelve term courses
including the prerequisite, at least four of which must be in Mathematics at the 200
level or higher and five of which must be in Philosophy. All Philosophy courses are
eligible for credit toward the major, with the exception of First-Order Logic (PHIL 115).
Required courses include Set Theory (MATH 270), Mathematical Logic (PHIL 267),
Computability and Logic (PHIL 427), an additional advanced Philosophy course with
a substantive logical component, and one seminar in either Mathematics or Philosophy
(other than PHIL 427) that fulfills the senior requirement (see below). Set Theory
(MATH 270) and Mathematical Logic (PHIL 267) must be taken before the end of the
junior year; it is strongly recommended that they be taken earlier.
Senior requirement Each year certain seminars offered by the Mathematics and
Philosophy departments are designated as fulfilling the senior requirement of the
combined major. If such a seminar is taken in order to fulfill the senior requirement,
majors must consult with the instructor and agree upon additional work required.
Typically, additional work includes a substantial class presentation and/or preparation
of a series of drafts prior to submission of the final paper.
The Mathematics seminar MATH 480, Senior Seminar: Mathematical Topics, fulfills
the senior requirement. For Philosophy seminars that fulfill the senior requirement,
consult the director of undergraduate studies in Philosophy.
A typical program satisfying the major might consist of MATH 120, 222 or 225, 270,
300, 350, and a designated seminar; PHIL 126, 267, 427, a designated seminar (other
than PHIL 427), and two additional electives.

Prerequisite MATH 120
Number of courses 12 term courses (incl prereq and senior sem)
Distribution of courses At least 4 courses in Math at 200 level or higher; at least 5
courses in Phil, as specified
Specific courses required MATH 270, PHIL 267, 427
Senior requirement Senior sem
Mathematics and Physics

Adviser for the major: Vincent Moncrief, 64 SPL, 432-6930,
vincent.moncrief@yale.edu
The major in Mathematics and Physics allows students to explore the productive
interaction between the two subjects more extensively than either individual major.
Prerequisites to the major include MATH 120 or its equivalent, an introductory physics
lecture sequence numbered PHYS 180, 181 or above, and the associated laboratory
sequence PHYS 205L, 206L. Beyond the prerequisites, the major requires a minimum
of fourteen term courses above the introductory level, including the senior project. At
least six of these must be Mathematics courses numbered 222 or above, and at least six
must be advanced Physics courses chosen in consultation with the adviser for the major.
488
A senior project in PHYS 471 or 472 on a topic appropriate for the combined major and
acceptable to both the Physics and the Mathematics departments is also required. The
student must present an oral report on this project to the Mathematics department.

Prerequisites MATH 120 or equivalent; PHYS 180, 181, or 200, 201, or 260, 261;
PHYS 205L, 206L
Distribution of courses 6 Math courses numbered 222 or above; 6 advanced Physics
courses selected in consultation with major adviser
Senior requirement Senior project in PHYS 471 or 472 on topic acceptable to both
depts; oral report on project to Math dept
Mechanical Engineering
Director of undergraduate studies: Corey O'Hern, M203 ML, 432-4258,
corey.ohern@yale.edu; seas.yale.edu/departments/mechanical-engineering-andmaterials-science
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND

MATERIALS SCIENCE
Professors Charles Ahn, Ira Bernstein (Emeritus), Juan Fernndez de la Mora,
Alessandro Gomez, Shun-Ichiro Karato, Marshall Long, Brian Scassellati, Jan
Schroers, Udo Schwarz (Chair), Mitchell Smooke
Associate Professors Aaron Dollar, Eric Dufresne, Sohrab Ismail-Beigi, Corey
O'Hern, Nicholas Ouellette
Assistant Professors Eric Brown, Judy Cha, Madhusudhan Venkadesan
Lecturers Beth Anne Bennett, Kailasnath Purushothaman, Joseph Zinter
Mechanical engineering is among the most diversified of the traditional engineering
disciplines. The mechanical engineer builds machines to extend our physical and
mental capabilities and to convert traditional and novel energy sources into useful
forms.
The role of the mechanical engineer has changed dramatically over the past few decades
with the extensive use of high-performance computers (in such areas as computational
fluid dynamics design, data acquisition, control, and manufacturing), the interfacing
of MEMS and actuators via microprocessors to measure and control (e.g., in flow
control, robot control, and optimization of automobile performance), and the advent
of new materials (composite, shape-memory alloy, ceramic, superconducting) for
new applications (e.g., prosthetic devices, biomaterials, stealth aircraft). These areas
offer mechanical engineering students special opportunities for creativity, demanding
that they learn not only in depth but also in breadth. Demands for increased energy
efficiency and reduced environmental impactas might be realized, for example, in
novel gas turbine or electric hybrid vehiclesrequire that students understand the
fundamentals of mechanics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, combustion, and
materials science. In all these tasks, the utmost consideration of the modern mechanical
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engineer is improving the quality of human life. The engineer must be constantly aware
both of the finiteness of Earth's resources and its environment and of the burden that
engineering works place on them.
The educational mission of the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials
Science is to provide an excellent education that will prepare students to become
members of the next generation of mechanical engineers. To implement this mission,
the department adheres to the following set of educational objectives: to provide a
balanced technical and nontechnical education to enable graduates to enter highly
selective graduate schools and/or to pursue technical careers in industry or government
laboratories; to enable graduates to improve and adapt their skills to accommodate
rapid technological changes; to prepare graduates to communicate effectively and
to understand the ethical responsibilities and impact on society of their profession.
To achieve these objectives, the following fundamental educational goals have been
established for the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science:
to provide a comprehensive introduction to basic science and mathematics, which
form the foundation of mechanical engineering; to provide thorough training in
methods of analytical, experimental, and data analysis, including problem formulation;
to provide instruction in the fundamentals of the design process, including project
innovation, synthesis, and management, both individually and in a team setting; to
provide both a technical and a nontechnical program of study in which oral and written
communication skills are developed; to instill in students an understanding of their
professional and ethical responsibilities, which affect society and their profession.
At Yale, three mechanical engineering programs are offered: a B.S. degree program with
a major in Mechanical Engineering, a B.S. degree program with a major in Engineering
Sciences (Mechanical), and a B.A. degree program with a major in Engineering
Sciences (Mechanical). Prospective majors in both B.S. programs are advised to
complete introductory physics and mathematics through calculus (MATH 115) by the
end of their freshman year.
A student's undergraduate engineering program usually culminates in one or more
special project courses (MENG 471, 472), in which the student pursues a particular
interest through design-oriented projects and experimental investigations. Projects may
be initiated by the student, may be performed in a team, or may be derived from the
ideas of faculty members who place undergraduates in their ongoing research projects.
All interested students should contact the director of undergraduate studies, preferably
no later than the beginning of the sophomore year.
Credit/D/Fail For the Class of 2017 and subsequent classes, no courses taken
Credit/D/Fail may be counted toward the Mechanical Engineering major, including
prerequisites.
B.S. degree program in Mechanical Engineering This is the most technically
intensive mechanical engineering degree program and is accredited by the Engineering
Accreditation Commission of ABET, Inc. This program is appropriate for students who
plan careers as practicing engineers in industry, consulting firms, or government as well
as for students who are considering a career in research and plan to pursue an advanced
degree in engineering.
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The prerequisites in mathematics are MATH 112, 115, and ENAS 151, or the equivalent.
The basic science prerequisites are PHYS 200, 201, or 180, 181; one laboratory from
PHYS 165L or 205L, and one from PHYS 166L or 206L, or equivalents.
Nineteen term courses beyond the prerequisites are required as follows:
1. Advanced mathematics: ENAS 194 and MATH 222 or 225
2. Mechanical engineering and related: MENG 211, 280, 285, 286L, 361, 363L, 383, 389,
390, 471 or 472 (the senior requirement), 489, ENAS 130, EENG 200, and at least one
lecture course in chemistry numbered CHEM 161 or higher (or CHEM 112 or higher; or
a score of 4 or higher on the Advanced Placement test in Chemistry).
3. Technical electives: Three approved technical electives chosen in consultation with
The curriculum in this program is arranged in prescribed patterns, but some departures
from it are possible with approval of the director of undergraduate studies.
B.S. degree program in Engineering Sciences (Mechanical) This non-ABET
degree program is suitable for students who wish to gain significant expertise within
mechanical engineering while combining their engineering studies with related
disciplines. For example, a number of students have taken courses in architecture while
pursuing a program in mechanical engineering that emphasizes structural mechanics;
similarly, a student with an interest in computer graphics might combine engineering
courses in computer-aided design with programming courses from the Department of
Computer Science. The major requires twelve approved term courses in engineering,
which can cover a broad array of topics within the subject provided that they contribute
to a coherent program. Students should consult with the director of undergraduate
studies at the beginning of their sophomore year.
The prerequisites in mathematics are MATH 112, 115, and ENAS 151, or the equivalent.
The basic science prerequisites are PHYS 180, 181, or 200, 201; one laboratory from
PHYS 165L or 205L, and one from PHYS 166L, 206L, or MENG 286L.
The program requires twelve approved term courses beyond the prerequisites,
including the senior project.
B.A. degree program in Engineering Sciences (Mechanical) In a society with
increasing levels of technical sophistication, a well-rounded individual must have
some background in science and technology. The non-ABET B.A. program is designed
for students who may be planning careers in business, law, medicine, journalism, or
politics but need to understand the impact that science and technology can have on
society at large. An understanding of engineering methods and practices, combined
with a traditional liberal arts education, provides a strong background for a variety of
careers. The program is well suited for students who wish to fulfill the requirements of
two majors.
The prerequisites in mathematics are MATH 112 and 115. The basic science prerequisite
is physics at least to the level of PHYS 170, 171.
The program requires eight approved term courses beyond the prerequisites, including
the senior project.
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Senior requirement In all B.S. and B.A. degree programs, students must successfully
complete a project (MENG 471 or 472) during their senior year.
Courses for majors in the humanities and social sciences Mechanics and mechanical
engineering content can be found in several courses intended for those not majoring in
science. See under Engineering and Applied Science (p. 276).

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, B.S.
Prerequisites MATH 112, 115, and ENAS 151, or equivalent; PHYS 200, 201, or 180,
181, and 2 labs (1 from PHYS 165L or 205L, and 1 from PHYS 166L or 206L, or
equivalents)
Number of courses 19 term courses beyond prereqs (incl senior project)
Specific courses required ENAS 130 and 194; EENG 200; MATH 222 or 225;
MENG 211, 280, 285, 286L, 361, 363L, 383, 389, 390, 489
Distribution of courses 3 technical electives chosen in consultation with DUS; 1 term
course in chem
Substitution permitted With DUS approval
Senior requirement Senior project (MENG 471 or 472)
ENGINEERING SCIENCES (MECHANICAL), B.S. AND B.A.
Prerequisites B.S.MATH 112, 115, and ENAS 151, or equivalent; PHYS 180, 181,
or 200, 201, and 2 labs (1 from PHYS 165L or 205L; 1 from PHYS 166L, 206L, or
MENG 286L); B.A.MATH 112, 115; PHYS 170, 171
Number of courses B.S.12 term courses beyond prereqs (incl senior project); B.A.
8 term courses beyond prereqs (incl senior project)
Substitution permitted With DUS approval
Senior requirement Both degreessenior project (MENG 471 or 472)
Courses
* MENG 185b, Mechanical Design Aaron Dollar
A course designed for potential majors in mechanical engineering, with units on design,
materials science, structural mechanics, utilization of a machine shop, mechanical
dissection, and computers in mechanical engineering. Includes a design project
competition. Prerequisite: physics at the level of PHYS 180, or permission of instructor.
SC RP
MENG 211a, Thermodynamics for Mechanical Engineers Alessandro Gomez
Study of energy and its transformation and utilization. First and Second Laws for
closed and open systems, equations of state, multicomponent nonreacting systems,
auxiliary functions (H, A, G), and the chemical potential and conditions of equilibrium.
Engineering devices such as power and refrigeration systems and their efficiencies.
Prerequisites: PHYS 180 or 200, and MATH 115. QR, SC RP
MENG 280a, Mechanical Engineering I: Strength and Deformation of Mechanical
Elements Kailasnath Purushothaman
Elements of statics; mechanical behavior of materials; equilibrium equations, strains
and displacements, and stress-strain relations. Elementary applications to trusses,
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bending of beams, pressure vessels, and torsion of bars. Prerequisites: PHYS 180 or
200, and MATH 115. QR, SC RP
MENG 285a, Introduction to Materials Science Udo Schwarz
Study of the atomic and microscopic origin of the properties of engineering materials:
metals, glasses, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Phase diagrams; diffusion; rates
of reaction; mechanisms of deformation, fracture, and strengthening; thermal and
electrical conduction. Prerequisites: elementary calculus and background in basic
mechanics (deformation, Hooke's law) and structure of atoms (orbitals, periodic table).
QR, SC RP
MENG 286Lb, Solid Mechanics and Materials Science Laboratory Jan Schroers
Experiments that involve either structural mechanics or materials science. Comparisons
between structural theories and experimental results. Relationships among processing,
microstructure, and properties in materials science. Introduction to techniques for the
examination of the structure of materials. SC RP Course cr
MENG 361a, Mechanical Engineering II: Fluid Mechanics Mitchell Smooke
Mechanical properties of fluids, kinematics, Navier-Stokes equations, boundary
conditions, hydrostatics, Euler's equations, Bernoulli's equation and applications,
momentum theorems and control volume analysis, dimensional analysis and similitude,
pipe flow, turbulence, concepts from boundary layer theory, elements of potential flow.
Prerequisites: ENAS 194 or equivalent, and physics at least at the level of PHYS 180.
QR, SC RP
* MENG 363Lb, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics Laboratory Staff
Hands-on experience in applying the principles of fluid mechanics and
thermodynamics. Integration of experiment, theory, and simulation to reflect realworld phenomena. Students design and test prototype devices. Prerequisites: MENG
211 and 361. WR, SC RP
MENG 383a, Mechanical Engineering III: Dynamics Corey O'Hern
Kinematics and dynamics of particles and systems of particles. Relative motion; systems
with constraints. Rigid body mechanics; gyroscopes. Prerequisites: PHYS 180 or 200,
and MATH 120 or ENAS 151. QR, SC RP
MENG 389b, Mechanical Engineering IV: Fluid and Thermal Energy Science
Kailasnath Purushothaman
Fundamentals of mechanical engineering applicable to the calculation of energy and
power requirements, as well as transport of heat by conduction, convection, and
radiation. Prerequisites: MENG 211, 361, and ENAS 194; or permission of instructor.
QR, SC RP
MENG 390b, Mechatronics Laboratory Madhusudhan Venkadesan
Hands-on synthesis of control systems, electrical engineering, and mechanical
engineering. Review of Laplace transforms, transfer functions, software tools for
solving ODEs. Review of electronic components and introduction to electronic
instrumentation. Introduction to sensors; mechanical power transmission elements;
programming microcontrollers; PID control. Prerequisites: ENAS 194 or equivalent,
ENAS 130, and EENG 200; or permission of instructor. QR RP
493
MENG 400a, Computer-Aided Engineering Marshall Long

Aspects of computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM). The computer's role
in the mechanical design and manufacturing process; commercial tools for two- and
three-dimensional drafting and assembly modeling; finite-element analysis software
for modeling mechanical, thermal, and fluid systems. Prerequisite: ENAS 130 or
MENG 403a, Introduction to Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Jeeyoung Cha
Survey of nanomaterial synthesis methods and current nanotechnologies. Approaches
to synthesizing nanomaterials; characterization techniques; device applications that
involve nanoscale effects. Prerequisite: MENG 285 or permission of instructor. SC
MENG 404a / BENG 404a, Medical Device Design and Innovation Joseph Zinter
The engineering design, project planning, prototype creation, and fabrication processes
for medical devices that improve patient conditions, experiences, and outcomes.
Students develop viable solutions and professional-level working prototypes to address
clinical needs identified by practicing physicians. Some attention to topics such as
intellectual property, the history of medical devices, documentation and reporting, and
regulatory affairs.
MENG 440a / ENAS 440a, Applied Numerical Methods I Beth Anne Bennett
The derivation, analysis, and implementation of various numerical methods. Topics
include root-finding methods, numerical solution of systems of linear and nonlinear
equations, eigenvalue/eigenvector approximation, polynomial-based interpolation,
and numerical integration. Additional topics such as computational cost, error analysis,
and convergence are studied in several contexts throughout the course. Prerequisites:
MATH 115, and 222 or 225, or equivalents; ENAS 130 or some experience with Matlab,
C++, or Fortran programming. QR RP
MENG 441b / ENAS 441b, Applied Numerical Methods II Beth Anne Bennett
The derivation, analysis, and implementation of numerical methods for the solution
of ordinary and partial differential equations, both linear and nonlinear. Additional
topics such as computational cost, error estimation, and stability analysis are studied
in several contexts throughout the course. Prerequisites: MATH 115, and 222 or 225, or
equivalents; ENAS 130 or some knowledge of Matlab, C++, or Fortran programming;
ENAS 194 or equivalent. ENAS 440 is not a prerequisite. QR RP
MENG 463a, Theoretical Fluid Dynamics Juan Fernndez de la Mora
Derivation of the equations of fluid motion from basic principles. Potential theory,
viscous flow, flow with vorticity. Topics in hydrodynamics, gas dynamics, stability, and
turbulence. Prerequisite: MENG 361 or equivalent. QR, SC RP
* MENG 469a, Aerodynamics Juan Fernndez de la Mora
Review of fluid dynamics. Inviscid flows over airfoils; finite wing theory; viscous
effects and boundary layer theory. Compressible aerodynamics: normal and oblique
shock waves and expansion waves. Linearized compressible flows. Prerequisite: MENG
361 or permission of instructor. QR, SC
* MENG 471a and MENG 472b, Special Projects Corey O'Hern
(laboratory or theory), engineering design (required for the ABET-accredited
program), or tutorial study. Students are expected to consult the director of
undergraduate studies and appropriate faculty members to discuss ideas and
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suggestions for topics. These courses may be taken at any time during the student's
career when appropriate and may be taken more than once. Permission of adviser and
director of undergraduate studies required.
MENG 489a, Mechanical Design: Process and Implementation Aaron Dollar
Study of the design process, including concept generation, project management,
teamwork, detail design, and communication skills. Student teams implement a realworld design project with hardware objectives that can be achieved in a term, and a
problem definition that allows room for creative solutions. Prerequisite: MENG 280,
361, or permission of instructor. SC RP
* MENG 491b, Appropriate Technology and the Developing World Joseph Zinter
Introduction to user-centered design through exploration of appropriate technology, a
class of solutions that solve a particular need and are viable and sustainable within the
environmental, economic, cultural, and technological infrastructure for which they are
intended. Focus on technologies for use in the developing world. Student design teams
conceptualize, ideate, prototype, and generate a commercialization plan for a real-world
appropriate technological device. RP
Media Theory and History

Coordinator: Francesco Casetti, 53 Wall St., 432-0671, francesco.casetti@yale.edu
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH MEDIA THEORY AND HISTORY

Professors Dudley Andrew (Film & Media Studies, Literature), Jack Balkin (Law
School), Jessica Brantley (English), Rdiger Campe (German), Francesco Casetti
(Humanities, Film & Media Studies), Aaron Gerow (Film & Media Studies, East Asian
Languages & Literatures), Inderpal Grewal (Women's, Gender, & Sexuality Studies),
Matthew Jacobson (History, American Studies, African American Studies), David Scott
Kastan (English), Marianne LaFrance (Psychology, Women's, Gender, & Sexuality Studies),
John MacKay (Slavic Languages & Literatures, Film & Media Studies), Charles Musser
(American Studies, Film & Media Studies, Theater Studies), Robert Post (Law School),
Henry Sussman (German) (Visiting), Katie Trumpener (Literature, English), Michael
Warner (English, American Studies), Laura Wexler (American Studies, Women's, Gender,
& Sexuality Studies)
Associate Professors Gundula Kreuzer (Music), Karen Nakamura (Anthropology, East
Asian Studies), R. John Williams (English)
Assistant Professor J. D. Connor (History of Art)
Media Theory and History examines the category of "media" as both an object and a
method of study. This field of study considers media as historically constituted entities,
as objects of theoretical and juridical debate, and as crucial elements of the messages
they convey and the audiences they help to constitute. Media Theory and History
bridges diverse disciplinary approaches, including literature, film, legal studies, history
of art, sociology, anthropology, architecture, history of science, and computer science.
It considers the social contexts and cultural effects of different media, including oral
communication, written and printed texts, recorded and broadcast sound and image,
and digital media.
Modern Middle East Studies
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Yale College does not have a department or a major in media studies. Media Theory and
History serves as a network connecting faculty members whose interests in research
and teaching intersect around the subject of media. The faculty members listed above
have made themselves available to advise students interested in approaching media
from various disciplinary perspectives. Advisers help students identify appropriate
sequences and combinations of courses, and meet with students about senior essays on
interdisciplinary topics in media studies.

Directors of undergraduate studies: Sarab Al Ani, B-57 HGS, 432-5757,
sarab.alani@yale.edu; Narges Erami, Rm. 336, 10 Sachem St., 436-4204,
narges.erami@yale.edu; www.yale.edu/macmillan/cmes
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF MODERN MIDDLE

EAST STUDIES
Professors Abbas Amanat (History), Gerhard Bwering (Religious Studies),
John Darnell (Near Eastern Languages & Civilizations), Stephen Davis (Religious
Studies), Steven Fraade (Religious Studies), Eckart Frahm (Near Eastern Languages &
Civilizations), Frank Griffel (Religious Studies), Dimitri Gutas (Near Eastern Languages
& Civilizations), Christine Hayes (Religious Studies), Hannan Hever (Comparative
Literature), Marcia Inhorn (Anthropology), Anthony Kronman (Law School), Bentley
Layton (Religious Studies), Joseph Manning (Classics, History), Ivan Marcus (History),
Alan Mikhail (History), Robert Nelson (History of Art), W. Michael Reisman (Law
School), Maurice Samuels (French), Lamin Sanneh (Divinity School), Harvey Weiss
(Near Eastern Languages & Civilizations)
Associate Professors Zareena Grewal (American Studies), Kaveh Khoshnood (Public
Health), Andrew March (Political Science), A. Mushfiq Mobarak (School of Management),
Kishwar Rizvi (History of Art), Eliyahu Stern (Religious Studies)
Assistant Professors Rosie Bsheer (History), Thomas Connolly (French), Robyn
Creswell (Comparative Literature), Narges Erami (Anthropology), Adria Lawrence
(Political Science), Mark Lazenby (School of Nursing), Julia Stephens (History), Jonathan
Wyrtzen (Sociology)
Senior Lecturers Geetanjali Singh Chanda (Women's, Gender, & Sexuality Studies),
Tolga Koker (Economics), Kathryn Slanski (Near Eastern Languages & Civilizations)
Lecturers Adel Allouche (History), Karla Britton (Architecture), Karen Foster (History of
Art), Saghar Sadeghian (Council on Middle East Studies), Eric van Lit (Council on Middle
East Studies)
Senior Lectors Sarab Al Ani, Muhammad Aziz, Jonas Elbousty, Shiri Goren, Dina
Roginsky, Farkhondeh Shayesteh
Lector Etem Erol
The Modern Middle East Studies major focuses on the culture, history, religion,
politics, and society of the modern Middle East in its full geographical breadth, using
any of its four major languages, Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, and Turkish. Courses are
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selected from the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations and from
other departments in the humanities and social sciences, including Anthropology,
History, History of Art, Judaic Studies, Political Science, and Religious Studies. The
Modern Middle East Studies major gives students the language skills necessary to
understand complex issues of the Middle East and serves as excellent preparation for
graduate study or for business and professional careers in which an understanding of
that region is essential.
Prerequisites There are no prerequisites, but prospective majors should keep the
language requirement in mind while planning their course schedules (see below).
Requirements of the major Twelve term courses are required for the major, including
three foundational courses, one each in modern thought, classical thought, and
the modern Middle East. Six electives on the modern Middle East examine culture
and thought, history, religion, politics, and society. Elective courses must be spread
geographically and substantively; they must focus on at least two different subregions
and originate in at least two different departments. The proposed course of study
requires the approval of the director of undergraduate studies.
Language requirement All students are required to complete two courses at the L5
level in a Middle Eastern language. The two courses may be applied toward the twelvecourse major requirement. Typical courses include ARBC 150, 151, and PERS 150.
Senior requirement Students in the major undertake a one- or two-term senior
essay that involves use of materials in one or more modern Middle Eastern languages.
The student selects a faculty adviser with competence in an appropriate language.
A prospectus and outline signed by the adviser must be submitted to the director
of undergraduate studies by the end of the fourth week of classes in either term of
the senior year. Senior essays are graded by the adviser and a second reader. See the
course descriptions of the senior essay courses (MMES 491, 492, 493) for additional
information. Alternatively, majors may take an additional seminar and write an essay in
that course to fulfill the senior requirement.

Prerequisites None
Distribution of courses 3 foundational courses, 1 each in modern thought, classical
thought, and the modern Middle East; 6 electives spread geographically and
substantively, focusing on at least 2 subregions and from at least 2 depts
Language requirement 2 courses at L5 level in a Middle Eastern lang
Senior requirement Senior essay (MMES 491 or MMES 492, 493) or essay written in
an addtl sem
Foundational Courses
Modern Thought
* MMES 216a / HEBR 156a / JDST 405a, Dynamics of Israeli Culture Shiri Goren
Controversies in Israeli society as revealed in novels, films, poetry, newspaper articles,
Web sites, art, advertisements, and television shows. Themes include migration and the
construction of the Sabra character; ethnicity and race; the emergence of the Mizrahi
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voice; women in Israeli society; private and collective memory; the minority discourse
of the Druze and Russian Jews; and Israeli masculinity and queer culture. Conducted
in Hebrew. Papers may be written in English or Hebrew. Prerequisite: HEBR 140 or
permission of instructor. L5, HU RP
Classical Thought
MMES 192a / RLST 170a, The Religion of Islam Gerhard Bwering
The rise of Islam in Arabia; Muhammad and the Qur'an; Muslim tradition and
religious law; crucial issues of Islamic philosophy and theology; basic beliefs and
practices of the Muslim community; Sufism and Shi'ism; religious institutions and
modern trends; fundamentalism and violence; freedom and democracy. HU
The Modern Middle East

MMES 102a / NELC 102a, Introduction to the Middle East Benjamin Foster
Introduction to the history and cultures of the Middle East from the rise of Islam to
the present, including the Arab world, Iran, Turkey, and Israel. Emphasis on factors
important for understanding the Middle East today. HU
* MMES 181b / AFST 389b / GLBL 186b / PLSC 389b, Middle East Exceptionalism
Adria Lawrence
Elective Courses
* MMES 111a / ANTH 360a, Representing Iran Narges Erami
Major themes in Iranian history and culture used as a critical framework for
understanding challenges that face Iran today. Examination of Western production
of knowledge about Iran. Topics include local and oral history, revolutions, Islam and
secularism, democracy and theocracy, and the role of cinema. SO
MMES 149a / ER&M 219a / HIST 219a / JDST 200a / RLST 148a, Jewish History and
MMES 156b / HEBR 161b / JDST 407b, Israeli Popular Music Dina Roginsky
* MMES 157b / JDST 306b / NELC 157b, Israeli Narratives Shiri Goren
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* MMES 159a / HEBR 159a / JDST 409a, Conversational Hebrew: Israeli Media
Shiri Goren
MMES 160a / JDST 323a / NELC 155a, State and Society in Israel Dina Roginsky
* MMES 172b / HIST 384Jb / NELC 403b, The Middle East between Crusaders and
* MMES 173b / HIST 398Jb / NELC 404b, Mamluk Egypt Adel Allouche
MMES 175a / HIST 350a / NELC 350a, Formation of the Islamic State, 610 750 Adel
Allouche
Islam. HU
MMES 193b / RLST 155b, The Golden Age of Islam Gerhard Bwering
The development of Islamic civilization in the Middle East, North Africa, Spain, Iran,
and India from Muhammad through the Mongol invasions to the rise of the Ottoman,
Safavid, and Mughal empires (6001500 C.E.). Emphasis on the intellectual and
religious history of Islam in the age of the caliphates and during the rule of regional
dynasties. HU
MMES 197a / HIST 216a / JDST 332a / RLST 193a, Zionism Shaun Halper
499
* MMES 282b / AFST 373b / GLBL 362b / SOCY 339b, Imperialism, Insurgency, and
* MMES 291b / AFST 348b / SOCY 232b, Islamic Social Movements Jonathan
Wyrtzen
Jama'at. SO
* MMES 311b / ER&M 327b / WGSS 327b, Constructing the Self: From
* MMES 321b / ANTH 321b / WGSS 321b, Middle East Gender Studies Marcia
Inhorn
MMES 341a / HIST 341a, Political Islam, Past and Present Julia Stephens
A historical introduction to Islamic law and debates in Islamic political thought from
the Prophet to the Arab Spring. Different interpretations of Islamic law, the formation
of Muslim empires, European colonialism, nationalist movements, jihad, and the role
of religion in contemporary politics in the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia,
Europe, and the United States. HU
* MMES 418a / JDST 339a / LITR 418a / RLST 203a, Introduction to Modern Hebrew
500
Directed Study and Senior Essay Courses

* MMES 471a and MMES 472b, Independent Directed Study Narges Erami
Independent research or directed reading under the direction of a faculty member in the
program on a special topic in Modern Middle East Studies not substantially covered by
an existing undergraduate or graduate course. A proposal describing the nature of the
program and the readings to be covered must be signed by the adviser and submitted
to the director of undergraduate studies by the end of the second week of classes. The
student should meet with the adviser regularly, typically for an hour a week, and write
one term essay or several short essays.
* MMES 491a or b, Senior Essay Narges Erami
The one-term senior essay is a research paper of at least thirty pages prepared under the
supervision of a faculty member in accordance with the following schedule: (1) by the
end of the second week of classes of the term, students meet with advisers to discuss the
essay's topic, approach, sources, and bibliography; (2) by the end of the fourth week
of classes a prospectus with outline, including an annotated bibliography of materials
in one or more modern Middle Eastern languages and of secondary sources, is signed
by the adviser and submitted to the director of undergraduate studies. The prospectus
should indicate the formal title, scope, and focus of the essay, as well as the proposed
research method, including detailed indications of the nature and extent of materials in
a modern Middle Eastern language that will be used; (3) at the end of the tenth week
of classes, a rough draft of the complete essay is submitted to the adviser; (4) by 4 p.m.
on the last day of reading period, two copies of the finished paper must be submitted to
the MMES registrar, 115 Prospect St., room 344. A late essay will receive a lower grade.
Senior essays are graded by faculty associated with the Modern Middle East Studies
program unless, for exceptional reasons, different arrangements for another reader
have been made in advance with the director of undergraduate studies and the faculty
adviser.
MMES 492a and MMES 493b, The Yearlong Senior Essay Narges Erami
The yearlong senior essay is a research paper of at least sixty pages prepared under
the supervision of a faculty member in accordance with the following schedule: (1) by
the end of the second week of classes of the first term, students meet with advisers to
discuss the essay's topic, approach, sources, and bibliography; (2) by the end of the
fourth week of classes a prospectus with outline, including an annotated bibliography
of materials in one or more modern Middle Eastern languages and of secondary
sources, is signed by the adviser and submitted to the director of undergraduate studies.
The prospectus should indicate the formal title, scope, and focus of the essay, as well as
the proposed research method, including detailed indications of the nature and extent
of materials in a modern Middle Eastern language that will be used; (3) at the end of
February, a rough draft of the complete essay is submitted to the adviser; (4) by 4 p.m.
on the last day of reading period in the spring term, two copies of the finished paper
must be submitted to the MMES registrar, 115 Prospect St., room 344. A late essay will
receive a lower grade. Senior essays are graded by faculty associated with the Modern
Middle East Studies program unless, for exceptional reasons, different arrangements
for another reader have been made in advance with the director of undergraduate
studies and the faculty adviser. Credit for MMES 492 only on completion of MMES
493.
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Director of undergraduate studies: Michael Koelle, CE 28A SHM, 737-5808,
madeline.cavanaugh@yale.edu; medicine.yale.edu/mbb/academicprograms/
undergraduate
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICS AND

BIOCHEMISTRY
Professors Karen Anderson, Susan Baserga, Ronald Breaker, Gary Brudvig,
Enrique De La Cruz, Daniel DiMaio, Donald Engelman, Alan Garen, Mark Gerstein,
Mark Hochstrasser, Jonathon Howard, Anthony Koleske, William Konigsberg,
Patrick Loria, I. George Miller, Andrew Miranker, Peter Moore (Emeritus),
Karla Neugebauer, Thomas Pollard, Lynne Regan, David Schatz, Robet Schulman
(Emeritus), Dieter Sll, Mark Solomon, Joan Steitz, Thomas Steitz, Scott Strobel,
William Summers, Patrick Sung, Kenneth Williams (Adjunct), Sandra Wolin
Associate Professors Michael Koelle, A. Elizabeth Rhoades, Yong Xiong
Assistant Professors Richard Baxter, Julien Berro, Christian Schlieker, Matthew
Simon, Chuck Sindelar, Corey Wilson
Lecturers Sandy Chang, Aruna Pawashe
The programs offered by the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry
are planned for students interested in the molecular and chemical basis of biological
processes and are well suited to students hoping to attend medical school or pursue
graduate studies in biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, or biophysics. The B.S.
major, designed for those with a strong commitment to research, provides an intensive
introduction to laboratory techniques in biochemistry and biophysics. Students in this
program usually carry out research projects in faculty laboratories during their junior
and senior years. The B.A. major provides the intellectual discipline of biochemistry
and biophysics for students who also wish to have sufficient time to pursue in-depth
studies outside the major or who are interested in molecular biology as a liberal
education; they, too, may engage in research during their junior and senior years.
Basic science prerequisites The basic science courses required of all majors include
four half-term units of introductory biology (BIOL 101, 102, 103, 104); a general
chemistry course with laboratory, (CHEM 161, 165, or CHEM 163, 167, or CHEM 112,
113, or CHEM 114, 115, or CHEM 118; and CHEM 134L, 136L, or CHEM 116L, 117L, or
CHEM 119L); a year course in organic chemistry with laboratory, (CHEM 174, 175, or
CHEM 124, 125, or CHEM 220 with 221 or 230; and CHEM 222L, 223L); one term of
physical chemistry (CHEM 328); two terms of calculus (MATH 112 and 115); and one
year of physics (PHYS 170, 171, or PHYS 180, 181, or PHYS 200, 201). The B.A. major
also requires one term of biology laboratory (MCDB 221L or E&EB 223L, or MCDB
121L or E&EB 123L). Some of the prerequisites in biology, chemistry, mathematics,
and physics may be satisfied by scores on Advanced Placement tests or placement
examinations sufficient to earn acceleration credits in the particular subjects, even if the
student does not choose to accelerate.
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B.S. degree Nine courses are required beyond the prerequisites: MB&B 300, 301, 302,
360L, and 490; two additional upper-level MB&B electives, one of which must be a
non-laboratory course; one quantitative reasoning elective (e.g., MATH 120 or above,
STAT 105 or 230 or above, CPSC 201 or above, or ENAS 130 or above); and one elective
in the natural sciences at a level higher than required in the prerequisites. Students
choose the elective courses in consultation with a faculty adviser (see below). Only
two course credits of MB&B 470, 471, and 478, 479 may count toward these electives.
Students may substitute CHEM 333 for MB&B 302. The quantitative reasoning
requirement may not be fulfilled by Advanced Placement test scores.
B.A. degree Seven courses are required beyond the prerequisites: MB&B 251L, 300,
301, 302, and 490; one additional upper-level MB&B elective; and one quantitative
reasoning elective (e.g., MATH 120 or above, STAT 105 or 230 or above, CPSC 201 or
above, or ENAS 130 or above). Students choose the elective courses in consultation with
a faculty adviser (see below). Students may substitute CHEM 333 for MB&B 302. The
quantitative reasoning requirement may not be fulfilled by Advanced Placement test
scores.
Senior requirement The senior requirement for both the B.S. and the B.A. is fulfilled
by successful completion of MB&B 490, The Senior Project. Students enrolled in this
course prepare a written report and make an oral presentation of a literature project.
Students meet with faculty members in charge of the colloquium during the first two
weeks of the spring term to agree on a topic and an approach. It is appropriate for
students who took research for credit earlier in their training to write on their research
topic. It is inappropriate for students to submit a revised version of a past research
report or to resubmit a literature paper prepared for another course. The literature
project for the senior requirement should be original work approved by the faculty
member overseeing the senior colloquium.
The written report is expected to be 1525 pages in length (double-spaced, twelve-point
font exclusive of figures). A first draft of the paper is due two weeks prior to the date of
the oral presentation. Faculty in charge of the program will review the draft and return
it to the student with suggestions. A final draft of the paper is due the first day of the
reading period in the student's final term.
Students make a fifteen-minute oral presentation during the last three weeks of their
final term in a general scientific forum open to the public. Other students in the series
are expected to attend all presentations.
Recommended courses All B.S. majors are encouraged to include MB&B 470 or 471
among their MB&B electives. Declared MB&B majors may take up to two credits of
these independent research courses for a letter grade. The prerequisites in either general
or organic chemistry should be taken in the freshman year.
Students with a strong interest in biophysics, including those planning to attend
graduate school, are strongly encouraged to take courses beyond the basic requirements
of the major. Such students are advised to take mathematics through differential
equations (ENAS 194, MATH 246, or PHYS 301) and a full year of physical chemistry
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(CHEM 328 or 332, and 333). In place of one term of biophysics (MB&B 302) they may
elect a full year of upper-level biophysics (MB&B 420 and graduate courses in optical
spectroscopy and macromolecular interactions). Such revisions to the basic curriculum
must be made in consultation with the faculty adviser.
Graduate courses in molecular biophysics and biochemistry, biology, and the
biomedical sciences that may be of interest to undergraduates are listed in the bulletin
of the Graduate School (http://www.yale.edu/printer/bulletin/htmlfiles/grad),
and many are posted on the Biological and Biomedical Sciences Web site (http://
bbs.yale.edu). Additional information is available from the directors of undergraduate
and graduate studies. Undergraduates with an appropriate background may enroll with
the permission of the director of graduate studies and the instructor.
Typical programs Programs with the minimal number of science courses required
of B.A. and B.S. majors are shown below. Students whose scores on the Advanced
Placement tests make them eligible for advanced courses are urged to replace the
elementary science courses with more advanced ones in their freshman year, and to
complete the required biochemistry and physics courses by the end of their sophomore
and junior years, respectively. Students are permitted to take the biochemistry sequence
(MB&B 300, 301) after one term of organic chemistry (CHEM 220).
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
BIOL 101, 102, 103, 104 CHEM 220, 230, 222L, MB&B 300, 301
223L
CHEM 328
CHEM 161, 165, 134L,

136L
MATH 112, 115
One quantitative
reasoning elective
MB&B 302
And, for the B.A.

major: MCDB 221L
PHYS 180, 181
One MB&B elective
And, for B.A. major:

MB&B 251L
MB&B 490
And, for B.S. major:

MB&B 360L
And, for B.S. major:

One science elective and
a second MB&B elective

may complete a course of study leading to the simultaneous award of the B.S. and M.S.
degrees after eight terms of enrollment. See "Simultaneous Award of the Bachelor's and
Master's Degrees" under Special Arrangements (p. 65) in the Academic Regulations.
Interested students should consult the director of undergraduate studies prior to
the sixth term of enrollment for specific requirements in Molecular Biophysics and
Biochemistry.
MB&B Faculty Committee on the Undergraduate Major Committee members are
available for consultation throughout the year and are the only faculty advisers eligible
to approve and sign MB&B majors' course schedules at the beginning of each term.
Members acting as faculty advisers are:
Class of 2016:
M. Hochstrasser, 224 BASS (432-5101)
W. Konigsberg, CE 14A SHM (785-4599)
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Class of 2017:
L. Regan, 322 BASS (432-9843)
M. Simon, 220 BASS (432-5158)
Class of 2018:
K. Neugebauer, C 123 SHM (785-3322)
J. Berro, 309C JWG (737-3285, 432-5437)
Class of 2019:
J. Howard, 334A BASS (432-7245)
C. Schlieker, 236A BASS (432-5035)

Prerequisites B.S.BIOL 101, 102, 103, and 104; CHEM 161, 165, or CHEM 163,
167 (or CHEM 112, 113, or CHEM 114, 115, or CHEM 118); CHEM 134L, 136L
(or CHEM 116L, 117L, or CHEM 119L); CHEM 174 (or CHEM 124), or 220,
and CHEM 175 (or CHEM 125), 221, or 230; CHEM 222L, 223L; CHEM 328;
MATH 112, 115; PHYS 170, 171, or PHYS 180, 181, or PHYS 200, 201; B.A.same,
with MCDB 221L or E&EB 223L (or MCDB 121L or E&EB 123L)
Number of courses B.S.9 term courses beyond prereqs, incl senior req; B.A.7 term
courses beyond prereqs, incl senior req
Specific courses required B.S.MB&B 300, 301, 302, 360L; B.A.MB&B 251L, 300,
301, 302
Distribution of courses B.S.2 addtl MB&B electives, 1 quantitative reasoning
elective, and 1 science elective, all as specified; B.A.1 addtl MB&B elective and 1
quantitative reasoning elective, as specified
Substitution permitted CHEM 333 for MB&B 302
Senior requirement Senior project (MB&B 490)
Courses
* MB&B 050a, Topics in Cancer Biology Sandy Chang
Introduction to cancer as a genetic disease, with a focus on major discoveries in cancer
biology that offer mechanistic insights into the disease process. A brief history of
cancer; influence of the genomic revolution on cancer diagnostics; molecular defects
underlying specific cancers; current and future cancer therapeutics. Patient case
studies highlight specific molecular pathways and treatment strategies. Enrollment
limited to freshmen with a strong background in biology and/or chemistry, typically
demonstrated by a score of 4 or 5 on Advanced Placement examinations. Preregistration
required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. SC
MB&B 105a or b / MCDB 105a or b, An Issues Approach to Biology Staff
Biological concepts taught in context of current societal issues, such as emerging
diseases, genetically modified organisms, green energy, stem cell research, and human
reproductive technology. Emphasis on biological literacy to enable students to evaluate
scientific arguments. SC
* MB&B 110a, Current Issues in Biological Science William Summers
Students identify a scientific problem and then plan and execute a program of
individualized learning aimed at the particular scientific knowledge required to
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understand and analyze the chosen problem. Intended to help students develop selfeducation skills as applied to scientific understanding, apply those skills to acquire
some specific scientific knowledge, and understand the process by which scientific
knowledge and understanding are achieved. For nonscience majors. SC
* MB&B 200b / MCDB 300b, Biochemistry Ronald Breaker, Nicole Clay, and Donald
Engelman
An introduction to the biochemistry of animals, plants, and microorganisms,
emphasizing the relations of chemical principles and structure to the evolution and
regulation of living systems. Prerequisites: BIOL 101 or equivalent performance on
the corresponding biological sciences placement examination; one term of organic
chemistry; or with permission of instructor. SC
[ MB&B 218L, Art and Biomolecular Recognition Laboratory ]
[ MB&B 230, Rain Forest Expedition and Laboratory ]
* MB&B 251La / MCDB 301La, Laboratory for Biochemistry William Konigsberg and
Aruna Pawashe
An introduction to current experimental methods in molecular biology. After or
concurrently with MB&B 200 or 300. Limited enrollment. Requires preregistration by
e-mail to Aruna Pawashe and William Konigsberg prior to the first week of classes. SC
Course cr
MB&B 300a, Principles of Biochemistry I Michael Koelle and Matthew Simon
Discussion of the physical, structural, and functional properties of proteins, lipids,
and carbohydrates, three major classes of molecules in living organisms. Energy
metabolism, hormone signaling, and muscle contraction as examples of complex
biological processes whose underlying mechanisms can be understood by identifying
and analyzing the molecules responsible for these phenomena. After BIOL 101; after or
concurrently with CHEM 175 (or CHEM 125) or 220 SC
MB&B 301b, Principles of Biochemistry II Christian Schlieker and Karla Neugebauer
A continuation of MB&B 300 that considers the chemistry and metabolism of nucleic
acids, the mechanism and regulation of protein and nucleic acid synthesis, and selected
topics in macromolecular biochemistry. Prerequisite: MB&B 300 or permission of
instructor. SC
MB&B 302b, Principles of Biophysics Charles Sindelar and Donald Engelman
An introduction to the theoretical basis of biophysical concepts and approaches with
selected examples and applications. Prerequisites: MB&B 300 and CHEM 328. SC
* MB&B 360Lb, Laboratory for Biochemistry and Biophysics Alan Garen, William
Konigsberg, and Aruna Pawashe
An intensive introduction to the principles and applications of experimental techniques
currently used in biochemistry, biophysics, and molecular biology. Recommended to
be taken with or directly after MB&B 301. Limited enrollment. Preregistration required
during the first week of November using a sign-up sheet outside 157 OML. SC
MB&B 420a, Macromolecular Structure and Biophysical Analysis Andrew Miranker,
Yong Xiong, and Jonathon Howard
Analysis of macromolecular architecture and its elucidation using modern methods
of structural biology and biochemistry. Topics include architectural arrangements of
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proteins, RNA, and DNA; practical methods in structural analysis; and an introduction
to diffraction and NMR. Prerequisites: MB&B 301 and 302. SC
MB&B 425a / MCDB 425a, Basic Concepts of Genetic Analysis Tian Xu
The universal principles of genetic analysis in eukaryotes. Reading and analysis of
primary papers that illustrate the best of genetic analysis in the study of various
biological issues. Focus on the concepts and logic underlying modern genetic analysis.
Prerequisite: MCDB 200 or equivalent. SC
MB&B 435a, Mathematical Methods in Biophysics Yong Xiong and Julien Berro
Applied mathematical methods relevant to analysis and interpretation of biophysical
and biochemical data. Statistics and error analysis, differential equations, linear
algebra, and Fourier transforms. Analysis of real data from research groups in MB&B.
Prerequisites: MATH 120 and MB&B 300 or equivalents, or with permission of
instructors. QR, SC
MB&B 443b, Advanced Eukaryotic Molecular Biology Mark Hochstrasser, Matthew
Simon, Patrick Sung, and Karla Neugebauer
Selected topics in regulation of chromatin structure and remodeling, mRNA
processing, mRNA stability, translation, protein degradation, DNA replication, DNA
repair, site-specific DNA recombination, and somatic hypermutation. Prerequisites:
MB&B 300 and 301, or permission of instructor. SC RP
* MB&B 445b, Methods and Logic in Molecular Biology Mark Hochstrasser, Dieter
Sll, and Jonathon Howard
An examination of fundamental concepts in molecular biology through analysis of
landmark papers. Development of skills in reading the primary scientific literature and
in critical thinking. Prerequisites: MB&B 300 and 301. SC RP
MB&B 449a, Medical Impact of Basic Science Joan Steitz, Thomas Steitz, I. George
Miller, Andrew Miranker, David Schatz, and Karla Neugebauer
Examples of recent discoveries in basic science that have elucidated the molecular
origins of disease or that have suggested new therapies for disease. Readings from
the primary scientific and medical literature, with emphasis on developing the ability
to read this literature critically. Prerequisites: MB&B 300 and 301 or equivalents, or
permission of instructor. SC
MB&B 452b / MCDB 452b, Bioinformatics: Practical Application of Simulation and
Data Mining Mark Gerstein
Techniques in data mining and simulation applied to bioinformatics, the computational
analysis of gene sequences, macromolecular structures, and functional genomics
data on a large scale. Sequence alignment, comparative genomics and phylogenetics,
biological databases, geometric analysis of protein structure, molecular-dynamics
simulation, biological networks, microarray normalization, and machine-learning
approaches to data integration. Prerequisites: MB&B 301 and MATH 115, or permission
of instructor. SC
* MB&B 470a and MB&B 471b, Research in Biochemistry and Biophysics Alan Garen
Individual laboratory projects under the supervision of a faculty member. Students
must submit an enrollment form that specifies the research supervisor by the date
that course schedules are due. A required organizational meeting will be held at the
beginning of each term. Students are expected to commit at least ten hours per week
to working in a laboratory. Written assignments include a research proposal, due near
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the beginning of the term, and a research report that summarizes experimental results,
due before the beginning of the final examination period. No more than two course
credits count as electives toward the B.S. degree. Enrollment limited to junior and
senior MB&B majors. Prerequisite: MB&B 251L or 360L.
* MB&B 478a and MB&B 479b, Intensive Research in Biochemistry and Biophysics
Alan Garen
Individual laboratory projects under the supervision of a faculty member. Students
must submit an enrollment form that specifies the research supervisor by the day
that course schedules are due. A required organizational meeting will be held at the
beginning of each term. Students are expected to commit at least twenty hours per
week to working in a laboratory. Written assignments include a research proposal, due
near the beginning of the term, and a research report that summarizes experimental
results, due before the beginning of the final examination period. No more than two
course credits count as electives toward the B.S. degree. Enrollment limited to senior
MB&B majors. Prerequisite: MB&B 251L or 360L. 2 Course cr per term
* MB&B 490b, The Senior Project William Konigsberg, Alan Garen, and Karla
Neugebauer
Colloquium for fulfillment of the senior requirement. The course involves a written
and an oral presentation of a senior paper in an area of biochemistry or biophysics. The
topic is selected in consultation with the faculty members in charge of the course.

Director of undergraduate studies: Douglas Kankel, 1220B KBT, 432-3839,
crystal.adamchek@yale.edu; www.mcdb.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR, CELLULAR, AND

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Professors Sidney Altman (Emeritus), Robert Bazell (Adjunct), Ronald Breaker,
John Carlson, Lynn Cooley, Craig Crews, Stephen Dellaporta, Paul Forscher, Jo
Handelsman, Mark Hochstrasser, Vivian Irish, Christine Jacobs-Wagner, Douglas
Kankel, Paula Kavathas, Haig Keshishian, Mark Mooseker, Thomas Pollard, Anna
Pyle, Joel Rosenbaum, Hugh Taylor, Robert Wyman
Associate Professors Thierry Emonet, Scott Holley, Valerie Horsley, Weimin Zhong
Assistant Professors Murat Acar, Shirin Bahmanyar, Sreeganga Chandra, Damon
Clark, Nicole Clay, Joshua Gendron, Farren Isaacs, Kathryn Miller-Jensen, Matthew
Rodeheffer
Lecturers Alexia Belperron, Brett Berke, Nichole Broderick, Surjit Chandhoke,
Iain Dawson, Kathryn Gardner, Mary Klein, Maria Moreno, Kenneth Nelson, Joseph
Wolenski
The science of biology is extremely broad, ranging across the domains of molecules,
cells, tissues and organs, organisms, and ecosystems. Moreover, biology explores
questions of evolutionary history and the processes of evolutionary change as well
as the mechanisms by which cells, organisms, and ecosystems function. Students
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majoring in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology receive a thorough yet

varied liberal education and preparation for professional careers in a diverse array
of fields. Practical applications of biology include the development of biologicals
and pharmaceuticals, the practice of medicine, and pursuit of the scientific bases for
understanding the development and function of biological systems.
Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (MCDB) offers programs for
students wishing to concentrate on molecular and cellular biology and genetics, with
applications to problems in cell and developmental biology, neurobiology, and various
aspects of computational biology. Interdisciplinary opportunities are available within
the major in the Biotechnology, Neurobiology, and Quantitative Biology tracks.
The MCDB major offers many opportunities for independent laboratory research. With
approval, research can be conducted under the supervision of faculty members in any
Yale department. Some programs for study abroad are available to MCDB majors;
approved programs can fulfill some of the requirements for the major. Interested
students should consult the director of undergraduate studies and the Center for
International and Professional Experience (http://cipe.yalecollege.yale.edu).
The prerequisites for the B.S. degree fulfill most of the usual premedical science
requirements. Students who choose the B.A. degree can also prepare for medical school
by taking additional premedical courses.
Placement Placement in MCDB courses is determined by examinations administered
at Yale. A student may place out of one or more courses in the BIOL 101104 sequence;
however, one or more of these foundational biology courses may be explicitly required
as prerequisites for upper-level MCDB courses.
Placement in chemistry courses is arranged by the Chemistry department. Because
the required chemistry courses are prerequisite to several MCDB courses, students are
strongly encouraged to take general and organic chemistry in the freshman and/or
sophomore years. Students who place out of general chemistry may want to consider
taking organic chemistry during the freshman year. Finishing the prerequisites early
allows for a more flexible program in later years.
Prerequisites The foundational biology courses required of all MCDB majors are
BIOL 101, 102, 103, and 104. All majors must also complete a course in mathematics
numbered MATH 115 or higher (excluding MATH 190) or a statistics course taken
at Yale. For the B.A. degree, additional prerequisites are a two-term lecture sequence
in chemistry (or CHEM 118), and a term course in physics numbered PHYS 170 or
higher. For the B.S. degree, additional prerequisites are a two-term lecture sequence
in chemistry (or CHEM 118), with associated laboratories; a term course in organic
chemistry with its associated laboratory; and two term courses in physics numbered
PHYS 170 or higher.
Acceleration credit awarded in chemistry, mathematics, or physics, or completion
of advanced courses in those subjects, is accepted in place of the corresponding
prerequisites for the MCDB major. Students who have mathematics preparation
equivalent to MATH 115 or higher are encouraged to take additional mathematics
courses, such as MATH 120, 121, 222, or 225, or ENAS 151 or 194. Students in the B.A.
degree program who have satisfied one or more prerequisites with advanced placement
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must still complete three term courses in chemistry and physics at Yale, including at
least one from each department.
Class of 2017 and previous classes may fulfill the requirements of the major that were
in place when they entered the major, as described in previous editions of this bulletin
(http://www.yale.edu/printer/bulletin/archivepdffiles/YCPS). Alternatively, they
may fulfill the requirements for the major as described below for the Class of 2018 and
subsequent classes.
B.A. degree for the Class of 2018 and subsequent classes The B.A. degree requires a
minimum of five and one-half course credits beyond the prerequisites, including five
lecture or seminar courses and one laboratory, as follows:
1. Two core courses selected from MCDB 200, 202, 205, 210, 290, 300 (or
MB&B 300), MCDB 310, 320, 430
2. Two general electives selected from MCDB courses numbered 250 or above, or
two additional core courses from the list above. Two laboratory courses, either
MCDB 342L and 343L or MCDB 344L and 345L, can be paired for a single elective
credit. If used as an elective, these laboratories cannot also fulfill the laboratory
requirement
3. One special elective selected from MCDB courses numbered 350 or higher
4. One laboratory from the biological sciences. Laboratories may be selected from
MCDB, or Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, or Molecular Biology and Biophysics,
or, with permission of the director of undergraduate studies, Anthropology
5. The senior requirement, described below
B.S. degree for the Class of 2018 and subsequent classes The B.S. degree requires a
minimum of nine course credits beyond the prerequisites, including eight lecture or
seminar courses and two laboratories, as follows:
1. Three core courses selected from MCDB 200, 202, 205, 210, 290, 300 (or
MB&B 300), MCDB 310, 320, 430
2. Two general electives selected from MCDB courses numbered 250 or above.
Additional core courses from the list above, a second term of organic chemistry, and
courses in statistics may be used as general electives. Two laboratory courses, either
MCDB 342L and 343L or MCDB 344L and 345L, can be paired for a single elective
credit. If used as an elective, these laboratories cannot also fulfill the laboratory
requirement
3. One special elective from MCDB courses numbered 350 or higher
4. Two laboratories from MCDB
5. The senior requirement, described below
Credit/D/Fail No course taken Credit/D/Fail may be counted toward the MCDB
major, including prerequisites.
Selection of courses A relevant intermediate or advanced course from another
department in science, engineering, mathematics, or statistics may be accepted as an
elective with permission of the director of undergraduate studies. Many courses in other
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departments have prerequisites; such prerequisites can be substituted for an upper-level

elective with permission of the director of undergraduate studies.
Residential college seminars cannot be substituted for electives and do not count
toward the requirements of the major. The MCDB major should not be taken as one
of two majors with Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry or with Ecology and
Evolutionary Biology.
Senior requirement In addition to the course requirements described above, all
students must satisfy a senior requirement undertaken during the senior year. A
booklet listing the requirements of each track and degree is available in the office of the
director of undergraduate studies (1220B KBT). All students must fill out a checklist of
requirements and go over it with the undergraduate registrar, Crystal Adamchek, by the
spring term of the junior year.
For the B.A. degree, the senior requirement can be met either by submitting a senior
essay of fifteen to twenty pages evaluating current research in a field of biology, or
by successful completion of one term of individual research (MCDB 475). A senior
choosing to fulfill the requirement with a senior essay must consult with a faculty
adviser on the scope and literature of the topic and submit the adviser's written
approval to the director of undergraduate studies no later than the course selection
period of the term in which the paper is due. The senior essay may be related to the
subject matter of a course, but the essay is a separate departmental requirement in
addition to any work done in a course and does not count toward the grade in any
course. The senior essay must be completed and submitted to the office of the director
of undergraduate studies by the last day of classes. Students electing this option should
obtain an approval form from the office of the director of undergraduate studies.
For the B.S. degree, the senior requirement is usually fulfilled by completing a yearlong
research course, MCDB 485, 486. Alternatively, a student can take two consecutive
terms of MCDB 475. With permission of the director of undergraduate studies,
students taking two terms of MCDB 475 can begin the project during the spring term
of the junior year, continue it over the summer, and complete it during the fall term of
the senior year. In all other cases, the senior requirement must be completed during the
senior year. Yale College does not grant academic credit for summer research unless the
student is enrolled in an independent research course in Yale Summer Session. Seniors
working toward the B.S. degree are expected to spend at least ten hours per week in the
lab conducting individual research.
B.S. degree, intensive major Requirements for the B.S. degree with an intensive
major are the same as those for the B.S. degree except that students fulfill the senior
requirement by taking MCDB 495, 496, Intensive Research, for four course credits.
Seniors in the intensive major are expected to spend at least twenty hours per week in
the lab conducting individual research.
Neurobiology track In addition to the core courses for the standard major, the
Neurobiology track requires the additional core course MCDB 320. One elective
is selected from MCDB courses numbered 350 or above and one is selected from
BENG 410, CPSC 475, MCDB 240, 310, 315, 415, 430, 440, PSYC 200, 270, or STAT 101.
Other courses may be substituted with the approval of the student's track adviser.
(Students should note that PSYC 110 is a prerequisite for many psychology courses
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but does not substitute as an elective in the Neurobiology track.) The laboratory
requirement and the senior requirement are the same as those for the standard major.
Students interested in the Neurobiology track should consult an adviser for the track.
Neurobiology track advisers
P. Forscher, 222 KBT (432-6344)
H. Keshishian, 640A KBT (432-3478)
R. Wyman, 610A KBT (432-3475)
W. Zhong, 616 KBT (432-9233)
Biotechnology track In addition to the core courses for the standard major, the
Biotechnology track requires the additional core course MCDB 370. One elective
is selected from MCDB courses numbered 350 or above and one is selected from
MB&B 420, 421, 443, BENG 351, 352, 410, 435, 457, 464, CENG 210, 411, 412, CPSC 437,
445, 470, or 475. The laboratory requirement and the senior requirement are the same
as those for the standard major. Students interested in the Biotechnology track should
consult an adviser for the track.
Biotechnology track advisers
R. Breaker, 506 KBT (432-9389)
K. Nelson, 710A KBT (432-5013)
J. Wolenski, 330 KBT (432-6912)
Quantitative Biology track In addition to the core courses for the standard major,
the Quantitative Biology track requires the additional core course MCDB 261. One
elective is selected from MCDB courses numbered 350 or above and one is selected
from MCDB 320, 361, BENG 467, MB&B 302, 435, 452, 523, PHYS 402, MATH 246, 251,
CPSC 440, 475, or CENG 320. The laboratory requirement and the senior requirement
are the same as those for the standard major. Students interested in the Quantitative
Biology track should consult an adviser for the track.
Quantitative Biology track advisers
T. Emonet, 1048 KBT (432-3516)
D. Clark, 224 KBT (432-0750)
M. Acar, West Campus B-31 (737-3255)
Research courses before senior year The research courses MCDB 475, 485, 486, and
495, 496 exist primarily to fulfill the senior requirement, and do not satisfy any other
requirement for the major. Some students may wish to take MCDB 475 earlier in their
course of study. The course taken before senior year contributes to the thirty-six course
credits required for the bachelor's degree, but it does not substitute for any MCDB
major requirement, including the senior requirement. Note that Yale College limits the
number of independent study or independent research courses that students may take;
see Course Credits and Course Loads (p. 44) in the Academic Regulations (p. 33). Any
independent study course, regardless of its number, is included in the total.
may accelerate their professional education by completing a course of study leading to
the simultaneous award of the B.S. and M.S. degrees after eight terms of enrollment.
Students may not enroll in Yale College for more than eight terms in order to qualify
for the simultaneous award of both degrees. It is possible to earn both degrees in fewer
512
than eight terms, but not by the use of acceleration credits. The requirements are as
follows:
1. Candidates must satisfy the Yale College requirements for the B.S. degree. Students
in the program must complete the core courses for the major and choose their
electives from graduate-level courses. One of the electives must be a graduate
seminar selected with the approval of the director of undergraduate studies. Grades
below B in graduate courses are not accepted.
2. In addition to the courses specified above, students must complete two graduate
research courses for six course credits: (a) MCDB 585, a two-credit course taken
in the second term of the junior year. At the start of the course, each student forms
a committee comprised of the faculty adviser and two faculty members that meets
to discuss the research project. Two of the members of this committee must be
members of the MCDB faculty. At the end of the course, the student completes
a detailed prospectus describing the thesis project and the work completed to
date. The committee evaluates an oral and written presentation of the prospectus
and determines whether the student may continue in the combined program;
(b) MCDB 595, a four-credit, yearlong course that is similar to MCDB 495, 496
and is taken during the senior year. During the course, the student gives an oral
presentation describing the work. At the end of the course, the student is expected
to present his or her work to the department in the form of a poster presentation.
In addition, the student is expected to give an oral thesis defense, followed by a
comprehensive examination of the thesis conducted by the thesis committee. Upon
successful completion of this examination, as well as all other requirements, the
student is awarded the combined B.S./M.S. degree.
Students must also satisfy the requirements of Yale College for the simultaneous award
of the bachelor's and master's degrees, including the following:
1. To be considered for admission to the program, by the end of their fifth term of
enrollment students must have achieved at least two-thirds A or A grades in all of
their courses as well as in all of the courses directly relating to the major, including
prerequisites.
2. Students must apply in writing to the director of undergraduate studies and obtain
departmental approval no later than the last day of classes in their fifth term of
enrollment in Yale College. Students must have the approval of both the director of
undergraduate studies and the director of graduate studies to receive graduate credit
for the graduate courses they select.
3. Graduate work must not be entirely concentrated in the final two terms, and
students in the program must take at least six term courses outside the department
during their last four terms at Yale and at least two undergraduate courses during
their last two terms.
4. Students must earn grades of A in at least two of their graduate-level term courses
(or in one yearlong course) and have at least a B average in the remaining ones.
For more information, see "Simultaneous Award of the Bachelor's and Master's
Degrees" under section K, Special Arrangements (p. 65), in the Academic Regulations.
Advising Freshmen considering a major in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology are invited to consult with the director of undergraduate studies and/or a
513
faculty member in MCDB who is a fellow of their residential college. For assistance in
identifying a suitable adviser, students should contact the departmental undergraduate
registrar, Crystal Adamchek. Students in the Biotechnology, Neurobiology, or
Quantitative Biology track should consult an adviser for their track (listed above). The
course schedules of all MCDB majors (including sophomores intending to major in
MCDB) must be signed by a faculty member in the department. The signature of the
director of undergraduate studies is required only for students who are fulfilling the
requirements of two majors or who have been admitted to the simultaneous B.S./M.S.
degree program. Students whose regular adviser is on leave can consult the office of the
director of undergraduate studies to arrange for an alternate.
Any faculty member with a primary appointment in the MCDB department can serve
as a faculty adviser to majors. College faculty advisers available to freshmen are listed
below.
BK
J. Wolenski
MC
H. Keshishian, K. Nelson
BR
N. Clay, I. Dawson
PC
J. Carlson (Sp), C. Crews
CC
M. Mooseker, R. Wyman
SY
C. Jacobs-Wagner
DC
V. Irish, W. Zhong (F)
SM
S. Dellaporta, D. Kankel,
TD
S. Holley
R. Breaker, T. Emonet, F. Isaacs,
T. Nelson
ES
To be announced
TC
To be announced
J. Rosenbaum
JE

Prerequisites B.A.BIOL 101, 102, 103, 104; a two-term lecture sequence in chem
(or CHEM 118); PHYS 170 or above; MATH 115 or above (except MATH 190) or
STAT course at Yale; B.S.BIOL 101, 102, 103, 104; a two-term lecture sequence in
chem (or CHEM 118), with labs, and 1 term of organic chem with lab; PHYS 170,
171 or above; MATH 115 or above (except MATH 190) or STAT course at Yale; all
courses taken for letter grades
Number of courses B.A.5 courses and 1 lab, totaling at least 5 course credits;
B.S.8 courses and 2 labs, totaling at least 9 course credits; B.S., intensive major
8 courses and 2 labs, totaling at least 11 course credits; all courses taken for letter
grades
Specific courses required Biotechnology trackMCDB 370; Neurobiology
trackMCDB 320; Quantitative Biology trackMCDB 261
Distribution of courses Standard trackB.A.2 core courses from MCDB 200, 202,
205, 210, 290, 300 (or MB&B 300), MCDB 310, 320, 430; 2 electives numbered
MCDB 250 or above (or 2 addtl core courses); 1 elective numbered MCDB 350 or
above; 1 biology lab; B.S.3 core courses from MCDB 200, 202, 205, 210, 290, 300
(or MB&B 300), MCDB 310, 320, 430; 2 electives numbered MCDB 250 or above
(or 2 addtl core courses); 1 elective numbered MCDB 350 or above; 2 MCDB labs;
Biotechnology, Neurobiology, and Quantitative Biology trackssame as standard track,
with 1 addtl elective
Senior requirement B.A.MCDB 475 taken in senior year, or senior essay; B.S.
2 consecutive terms of independent research, MCDB 485, 486 (preferred) or 2
consecutive terms of MCDB 475; B.S., intensive majorMCDB 495, 496 in senior
year
514
* MCDB 040b, The Science and Politics of Cancer Robert Bazell
Fundamentals of cell biology, Darwinian evolution, immunology, and genetics that
underlie cancer; the history of cancer science and treatment; historical and current
policy issues. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under
Freshman Seminar Program. SC
* MCDB 103b, Cancer Alexia Belperron
Introduction to the biology of cancer, with a focus on leukemia, skin cancer, and cancers
linked to infection. Topics include genetics, biochemistry, immunity, infection agents,
and challenges for prevention and treatment. Intended for nonscience majors and
underclassmen. SC
MCDB 105a or b / MB&B 105a or b, An Issues Approach to Biology Staff
Biological concepts taught in context of current societal issues, such as emerging
diseases, genetically modified organisms, green energy, stem cell research, and human
reproductive technology. Emphasis on biological literacy to enable students to evaluate
scientific arguments. SC
* MCDB 106a / E&EB 106a / HLTH 155a, Biology of Malaria, Lyme, and Other
insects; special focus on malaria and Lyme disease. Biology of the pathogens including
modes of transmission and establishment of infection; immune responses and the
associated challenges to prevention and treatment. Intended for nonscience majors;
preference to freshmen and sophomores. Prerequisite: high school biology. SC
* MCDB 109b, Immunity and Contagion Paula Kavathas
Introduction to the basics of the immune system; strategies to fight pathogens while
maintaining harmony with our microbiome. Discussion of specific microbes such
as influenza, HIV, and HPV; historical analysis of the polio vaccine and the AIDS
epidemic. Enrollment limited to freshmen and sophomores. SC RP

MCDB 200b, Molecular Biology Anna Pyle
A study of the fundamental principles of molecular biology, including the experimental
methodologies used in biological research. Topics include the structure, function,
and chemical behavior of biological macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and protein),
chromosome and genome organization, replication and maintenance of the genome,
transcriptional and translational regulation, microRNAs and other noncoding RNAs,
RNA processing, systems biology, and synthetic biology. Designed to provide an
accelerated venue for MCDB majors and other students seeking to understand the
515
molecular basis for gene expression and the resultant implications for medicine and
biological engineering. Prerequisites: CHEM 161, 165, or 167 (or CHEM 112, 114, or
118), and BIOL 101 or equivalent performance on the corresponding biological sciences
placement examination; or permission of instructor. SC
* MCDB 201Lb, Molecular Biology Laboratory Maria Moreno
Basic molecular biology training in a project-based laboratory setting. Experiments
analyze gene function through techniques of PCR, plasmid and cDNA cloning, DNA
sequence analysis, and protein expression and purification. Instruction in experimental
design, data analysis, and interpretation. For freshmen and sophomores. Concurrently
with or after MCDB 200. Special registration procedures apply. Interested students
must contact the instructor and attend an organizational meeting during the first week
of classes. WR, SC Course cr
* MCDB 202a, Genetics Stephen Dellaporta and Joshua Gendron
An introduction to classical, molecular, and population genetics of both prokaryotes
and eukaryotes and their central importance in biological sciences. Emphasis on
analytical approaches and techniques of genetics used to investigate mechanisms
of heredity and variation. Topics include transmission genetics, cytogenetics, DNA
structure and function, recombination, gene mutation, selection, and recombinant
DNA technology. Prerequisite: BIOL 103 or equivalent performance on the
corresponding biological sciences placement examination. SC RP
* MCDB 203La, Laboratory for Genetics Iain Dawson
Introduction to laboratory techniques used in genetic analysis. Genetic model
organismsbacteria, yeast, Drosophila, and Arabidopsisare used to provide practical
experience with various classical and molecular genetic techniques including
cytogenetics; complementation, epistasis, and genetic suppressors; mutagenesis and
mutant analysis, recombination and gene mapping, isolation and manipulation of
DNA, and transformation of model organisms. Concurrently with or after MCDB 202.
SC Course cr
MCDB 205b, Cell Biology Thomas Pollard, Megan King, and Shirin Bahmanyar
A comprehensive introductory course in cell biology. Emphasis on the general
principles that explain the molecular mechanisms of cellular function. Prerequisites:
BIOL 101 and 102, or equivalent performance on the corresponding biological sciences
placement examinations, or a score of 5 on the Advanced Placement test in Biology, or a
score of 710 or above on the SAT Biology M test, or MCDB 200. SC
* MCDB 210a, Developmental Biology Scott Holley, Douglas Kankel, and Vivian Irish
Cellular differentiation and its genetic and molecular control; fertilization, cleavage,
and morphogenesis of plants and animals; polarity and positional information;
organogenesis and development of specialized tissues; evolution and development.
Prerequisites: BIOL 101, 102, and 103, or equivalent performance on the corresponding
biological sciences placement examinations. SC
MCDB 221La, Model Organisms in Biological Research Maria Moreno
An introduction to research and common methodologies in the biological sciences,
with emphasis on the utility of model organisms. Techniques and methods commonly
used in biochemistry, cell biology, genetics, and molecular and developmental biology;
experimental design; data analysis and display; scientific writing. Concurrently with or
516
after BIOL 101, 102, or 103, or equivalent performance on the corresponding biological
sciences placement examinations, or with permission of instructor. SC Course cr
MCDB 240b, Biology of Reproduction Hugh Taylor and Mary Klein
Introduction to reproductive biology, with emphasis on human reproduction.
Development and hormonal regulation of reproductive systems; sexuality, fertilization,
and pregnancy; modern diagnosis and treatment of reproductive and developmental
disorders; social and ethical issues. Prerequisites: BIOL 101, 102, and 103, or equivalent
performance on the corresponding biological sciences placement examinations, or a
score of 5 on the Advanced Placement test in Biology, or a score of 710 or above on the
SAT Biology M test. SC
MCDB 241Lb, Laboratory for Biology of Reproduction and Development Mary Klein
Laboratory investigation of reproductive and developmental processes in classic
vertebrate and invertebrate systems, with emphasis on mammalian reproduction
and development. Topics include gametogenesis, ovulation, hormonal control of
reproduction, and investigation of embryogenesis in the mouse, frog, and fruit fly.
Enrollment limited. Concurrently with or after MCDB 210 or 240. Not open to
freshmen. Special registration procedures apply; students must consult the instructor
prior to the first week of classes. SC Course cr
MCDB 261b, Introduction to Dynamical Systems in Biology Thierry Emonet, Damon
Biological systems make sophisticated decisions at many levels. This course explores
the molecular and computational underpinnings of how these decisions are made,
with a focus on modeling static and dynamic processes in example biological systems.
We emphasize analytical and numerical models to explore the relationship between
molecular mechanisms and behavior. Topics include molecular switches, regulatory
networks, feedback, and signal transduction. The course contains significant
instruction in MATLAB, while students also read papers from the primary literature.
The course aims to turn ball-and-arrow diagrams into quantitative models with testable
predictions. Prerequisite: PHYS 170 or equivalent, or with permission of instructor.
QR, SC
MCDB 290b, Microbiology Christine Jacobs-Wagner
Cell structure of microorganisms, bacterial genetics, microbial evolution and diversity,
microbial development, microbial interaction, chemotaxis and motility, gene regulation,
microbial genomics, host defense systems, infectious diseases, viruses, and biological
weapons. Prerequisites: BIOL 101 and 102, or a term of biochemistry, genetics, cell
biology, or molecular biology. SC
* MCDB 291Lb, Laboratory for Microbiology Iain Dawson
Practical approaches used when working with microbes, primarily bacteria. Topics
include microscopy, culture techniques, biochemical/metabolic assays, and basic
environmental and medical microbiology. Concurrently with or after MCDB 290.
Electronic permission key required; students should contact the instructor prior to the
first class meeting. SC Course cr
* MCDB 300b / MB&B 200b, Biochemistry Ronald Breaker, Nicole Clay, and Donald
Engelman
An introduction to the biochemistry of animals, plants, and microorganisms,
emphasizing the relations of chemical principles and structure to the evolution and
517
regulation of living systems. Prerequisites: BIOL 101 or equivalent performance on

the corresponding biological sciences placement examination; one term of organic
chemistry; or with permission of instructor. SC
* MCDB 301La / MB&B 251La, Laboratory for Biochemistry William Konigsberg and
Aruna Pawashe
An introduction to current experimental methods in molecular biology. After or
concurrently with MB&B 200 or 300. Limited enrollment. Requires preregistration by
e-mail to Aruna Pawashe and William Konigsberg prior to the first week of classes. SC
Course cr
* MCDB 303Lb, Advanced Molecular Biology Laboratory Maria Moreno
A laboratory course that provides advanced research skills in molecular biology. Weekly
workshops focus on laboratory practice, experimental design, data analysis, reading
of primary literature, scientific presentations, and scientific writing skills. Application
of these skills in project-based laboratory training sponsored by a faculty member.
Enrollment limited. For juniors who have completed MCDB 201L, 221L, or equivalent
and are planning their senior research projects. No research laboratory experience
required. Special registration procedures apply; interested students must contact the
instructor and attend an organizational meeting. SC RP
* MCDB 310a / BENG 350a, Physiological Systems Mark Saltzman, Elizabeth Holt,
Emile Boulpaep, Peter Aronson, and David Zenisek
Regulation and control in biological systems, emphasizing human physiology and
principles of feedback. Biomechanical properties of tissues emphasizing the structural
basis of physiological control. Conversion of chemical energy into work in light of
metabolic control and temperature regulation. Prerequisites: CHEM 165 or 167 (or
CHEM 113 or 115), or PHYS 180 and 181; MCDB 120, or BIOL 101 and 102. SC
MCDB 315b, Biological Mechanisms of Reaction to Injury S. David Hudnall, Jon
Morrow, Joseph Madri, Jeffrey Sklar, and Joanna Gibson
Human biology and disease as a manifestation of reaction to injury. Organ structure
and function, cell injury, circulatory and inflammatory responses, disordered
physiology, and neoplasia. Enrollment limited; preference to junior and senior majors
in MCDB or MB&B. Prerequisite: MCDB 205, 300, or 310. SC RP
MCDB 320a, Neurobiology Haig Keshishian and Paul Forscher
The excitability of the nerve cell membrane as a starting point for the study of
molecular, cellular, and systems-level mechanisms underlying the generation and
control of behavior. After a year of college-level chemistry; a course in physics is
strongly recommended. SC
MCDB 321La, Laboratory for Neurobiology Haig Keshishian, Robert Wyman, and
Brett Berke
Introduction to the neurosciences. Projects include the study of neuronal excitability,
sensory transduction, CNS function, synaptic physiology, and neuroanatomy.
Concurrently with or after MCDB 320. SC Course cr
* MCDB 342La, Laboratory in Nucleic Acids I Kenneth Nelson
A project from a research laboratory within the MCDB department, using technologies
from molecular and cell biology. Laboratories meet twice a week for the first half of the
term. Concurrently with or after MCDB 202, 205, or 300. Enrollment limited. Special
518
registration procedures apply; students must consult the instructor prior to the first
week of classes. SC Course cr
* MCDB 343La, Laboratory in Nucleic Acids II Kenneth Nelson
Continuation of MCDB 342L to more advanced projects in molecular and cell biology,
such as making and screening cDNA libraries, microarray screening and analysis, or
next-generation DNA sequencing. Laboratories meet twice a week for the second half
of the term. Prerequisite: MCDB 342L or permission of instructor. Enrollment limited.
Special registration procedures apply; students must consult the instructor prior to the
first week of classes. SC Course cr
* MCDB 344Lb, Experimental Techniques in Cellular Biology Joseph Wolenski
An inquiry-based approach to research in cell and molecular biology, with emphasis on
experimental techniques commonly used in modern biomedical laboratories. Research
is module-based and covers pertinent and timely topics. Methods include SDSPAGE, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation of proteins, column chromatography,
mammalian cell culture, cell fractionation, cell transfection, plasmid design, DNA
purification, PCR, and phase contrast and confocal microscopy. Meets during January
and February. Prerequisite: MCDB 205. Special registration procedures apply;
interested students must contact the instructor at least eighteen months in advance. SC
Course cr
* MCDB 345Lb, Experimental Strategies in Cellular Biology Joseph Wolenski
Continuation of MCDB 344L, with increased emphasis on experimental design,
independent research, and presentation of data. Students develop semi-independent
research projects in modern biomedical research. Emphasis on key components of
being a successful principal investigator, including benchwork, seminar presentations,
lab meetings, and critical analysis of data. Prepares for MCDB 475, 485, or 495. Meets
during March and April. Prerequisite: MCDB 344L. Special registration procedures
apply; interested students should contact the instructor. SC Course cr
MCDB 361a / BENG 465a, Dynamical Systems in Biology Thierry Emonet, Damon
Advanced topics related to dynamical processes in biological systems. Processes by
which cells compute, count, tell time, oscillate, and generate spatial patterns. Timedependent dynamics in regulatory, signal-transduction, and neuronal networks;
fluctuations, growth, and form. Comparisons between models and experimental data.
Use of MATLAB to create models. Prerequisite: MCDB 261 or equivalent, or a 200-level
biology course, or with permission of instructor. QR
* MCDB 370b, Biotechnology Farren Isaacs, Nicole Clay, Ronald Breaker, Joseph
Wolenski, and Kenneth Nelson
The principles and applications of cellular, molecular, and chemical techniques that
advance biotechnology. The most recent tools and strategies used by industrial
labs, academic research, and government agencies to adapt biological and chemical
compounds as medical treatments, as industrial agents, or for the further study of
biological systems. Prerequisite: MCDB 200, 202, or 300. SC
* MCDB 387b, The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Iain Dawson
The regulation and coordination of the eukaryotic cell cycle examined by means of a
detailed critique of primary literature. Particular attention to the role of the cell cycle
in the processes of development and differentiation and in cancer and other diseases.
519
Students develop an understanding of experimental approaches to problem solving.

Enrollment limited, with preference to juniors and seniors. Prerequisites: BIOL 101,
102, and 103, or equivalent performance on the corresponding biological sciences
placement examinations; MCDB 202, 205, or 210. Electronic permission key required.
Students must contact the instructor prior to the first class meeting. SC
* MCDB 415b, Cellular and Molecular Physiology Frederick Sigworth
Study of the processes that transfer molecules across membranes. Classes of molecular
machines that mediate membrane transport. Emphasis on interactions among transport
proteins in determining the physiologic behaviors of cells and tissues. Intended for
seniors majoring in the biological sciences. Recommended preparation: MCDB 205,
310, 320, or permission of instructor. SC
MCDB 425a / MB&B 425a, Basic Concepts of Genetic Analysis Tian Xu
The universal principles of genetic analysis in eukaryotes. Reading and analysis of
primary papers that illustrate the best of genetic analysis in the study of various
biological issues. Focus on the concepts and logic underlying modern genetic analysis.
Prerequisite: MCDB 200 or equivalent. SC
* MCDB 430a, Biology of the Immune System Carla Rothlin, David Schatz, Peter
Cresswell, Joao Pedro Pereira, Ruslan Medzhitov, Akiko Iwasaki, Susan Kaech,
Kevan Herold, and Eric Meffre
The development of the immune system. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of
immune recognition. Effector responses against pathogens. Immunologic memory and
vaccines. Human diseases including allergy, autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and
HIV/AIDS. After MCDB 300. SC
* MCDB 435a, Landmark Papers in Cell Biology Joel Rosenbaum
Discussion and critical evaluation of selected research papers that were important in
determining the directions of modern cell biological research. Emphasis on the nature
of the problem, evaluation of the experimental approaches and results, and the authors'
interpretation of the results. Weekly discussion by all participants required. Students
should contact the instructor prior to the first week of classes. Prerequisites: courses in
cell biology, biochemistry, and genetics, or permission of instructor. SC
* MCDB 450b, The Human Genome Stephen Dellaporta
A focus on the primary scientific literature covering the principles of genomics and
its application to the investigation of complex human traits and diseases. Topics
include the technology of genome sequencing and resequencing, the characterization
of sequence and structural variation in human populations, haplotype and linkage
disequilibrium analysis, genome-wide association studies, the comparative genomics of
humans and our closest relatives, and personalized genomics and medicine. Enrollment
limited to 15. Students should contact the instructor prior to the first week of classes.
Prerequisite: MCDB 202; a course in statistics is strongly recommended. SC
MCDB 452b / MB&B 452b, Bioinformatics: Practical Application of Simulation and
Data Mining Mark Gerstein
Techniques in data mining and simulation applied to bioinformatics, the computational
analysis of gene sequences, macromolecular structures, and functional genomics
data on a large scale. Sequence alignment, comparative genomics and phylogenetics,
biological databases, geometric analysis of protein structure, molecular-dynamics
simulation, biological networks, microarray normalization, and machine-learning
520
approaches to data integration. Prerequisites: MB&B 301 and MATH 115, or permission
of instructor. SC
* MCDB 475a or b, Research John Carlson
Research projects under faculty supervision, ordinarily taken to fulfill the senior
requirement. This course may be taken before the senior year, but it cannot substitute
for other requirements. Students are expected to spend approximately ten hours per
week in the laboratory. To register, the student must prepare a form, which is available
at http://mcdb.yale.edu/forms as well as on the course site on Classes*v2, and a written
plan of study with bibliography, approved by the faculty research adviser. The form
and proposal must be uploaded to Classes*v2 by the end of the second week of classes.
The final research paper is due in the hands of the sponsoring faculty member, with
a copy uploaded to Classes*v2, by the last day of classes. Seniors taking this course to
fulfill the senior requirement must give an oral presentation of their research at the end
of the term. Students who take this course more than once must reapply each term;
students planning to conduct two terms of research should consider enrolling in MCDB
485, 486. Students should line up a research laboratory during the term preceding the
research. Fulfills the senior requirement for the B.A. degree if taken in the senior year.
Two consecutive terms of this course fulfill the senior requirement for the B.S. degree if
at least one term is taken in the senior year.
* MCDB 482a, Advanced Seminar in Cell Biology: Intracellular Signal Transduction
Craig Crews
Discussion of intracellular signal transduction pathways. Detailed critique of
experimental approaches, controls, results, and conclusions of selected current and
classic papers in this field. SC
* MCDB 485a and MCDB 486b, Research in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology John Carlson
Individual two-term laboratory research projects under the supervision of a faculty
member. Students are expected to spend ten to twelve hours per week in the
laboratory, and to make presentations to students and advisers. Written assignments
include a short research proposal summary due at the beginning of the first term, a
grant proposal due at the end of the first term, and a research report summarizing
experimental results due at the end of the second term. Students are also required
to present their research in either the fall or the spring term. A poster session is held
at the end of the spring term. Students should line up a research laboratory during
the term preceding the research. Guidelines for the course may be obtained at http://
mcdb.yale.edu/forms and on the course site on Classes*v2. Written proposals are due
by the end of the second week of classes. Fulfills the senior requirement for the B.S.
degree if taken in the senior year.
* MCDB 495a and MCDB 496b, Intensive Research in Molecular, Cellular, and
Developmental Biology John Carlson
Qualified students may undertake directed research in some field of biology during
the senior year. Before registering for this course, the student must be accepted for a
research project by a Yale faculty member with a research program in experimental
biology and obtain the approval of the instructor in charge of the course. Students
spend approximately twenty hours per week in the laboratory, and make written and
oral presentations of their research to students and advisers. Written assignments
include a short research proposal summary due at the beginning of the first term, a
Music
521
grant proposal due at the end of the first term, and a research report summarizing
experimental results due at the end of the second term. Students must attend a
minimum of three research seminar sessions (including their own) per term. Students
are also required to present their research during both the fall and spring terms. A
poster session is held at the end of the spring term. Guidelines for the course may
be obtained at http://mcdb.yale.edu/forms and on the course site on Classes*v2.
Written proposals are due by the end of the second week of classes. Fulfills the senior
requirement for the B.S. degree with an intensive major. 2 Course cr per term
Music
Director of undergraduate studies: Ian Quinn, 205 STOECK, 432-2986,
dus.music@yale.edu; yalemusic.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC

Professors Kathryn Alexander (Adjunct), Richard Cohn, Michael Friedmann (Adjunct),
Daniel Harrison, Paul Hawkshaw (Adjunct), James Hepokoski (Chair), Richard Lalli
(Adjunct), Patrick McCreless, Leon Plantinga (Emeritus), Ian Quinn, Ellen Rosand
(Emeritus), Gary Tomlinson, Michael Veal, Craig Wright
Associate Professors Robert Holzer (Adjunct), Brian Kane, Gundula Kreuzer, Markus
Rathey (Adjunct), Toshiyuki Shimada (Adjunct)
Assistant Professors Rebekah Ahrendt, Henry Parkes, Anna Zayaruznaya
Lecturers Daniel Egan, Andrew Gerle, Grant Herreid, Annette Jolles, Konrad
Kaczmarek, Sarah Kohane, Nathan Martin, Joshua Rosenblum, Joseph Salem, Stanley
Scott, Wendy Sharp, Jeanine Tesori
The Department of Music offers introductory and advanced instruction in the history
of music, the theory of music, composition, music technology, and performance. Level
I courses, which are introductory courses numbered from 100 to 199, are open to all
undergraduates and require no previous experience in music. Intermediate courses
(Levels II and III) are numbered in the 200s and 300s, and require a familiarity with
music notation. Advanced courses (Level IV) are numbered in the 400s and are for
seniors, juniors, and qualified sophomores. Level III and IV courses are intended
primarily for students majoring in Music, but they may be elected by others who meet
the stated prerequisites.
Music lessons Qualified students, whether majoring in Music or not, may offer up
to four terms of instruction in performance for academic credit toward the 36-coursecredit requirement for the bachelor's degree. Of these four course credits, only two may
be applied to the major in Music. Auditions for lessons are held at the beginning of the
fall term; students sign up at the School of Music auditions site (http://music.yale.edu/
study/music-lessons). Students who audition for lessons are placed into one of three
groups: 1) noncredit instruction for a fee; 2) lessons for academic credit at the 300 level,
graded pass-fail; or 3) lessons for academic credit at the 400 level, graded AF. Only
students with exceptional proficiency are placed into 400-level lessons.
Students taking MUSI 360, 361, 460, or 461 are required to be concurrently enrolled
in a 200-level music theory/musicianship course (MUSI 210, 211, 218, or 219) for both
terms, or they must complete one term of the theory/musicianship requirement before
522
enrolling in MUSI 360 or 460 and two terms before enrolling in MUSI 361 or 461.
All courses used to fulfill these prerequisites or corequisites must be taken for a letter
grade. Students must take the Music Department's music theory placement test to
determine their placement in the 200-level theory/musicianship sequence. Advanced
Placement test scores do not satisfy the music theory prerequisites for performance
instruction. Although the faculty of the School of Music attempts to accommodate
those who qualify for credit instruction, it cannot guarantee that they will be enrolled
with the teacher of their choice.
Students accepted for noncredit instruction are charged $550 for ten hours of lessons
per term or $350 for six hours of lessons per term. The fees are added to the Student
Financial Services bill and are not refundable after the first two weeks of lessons each
term. Declared music majors in their junior or senior year may receive noncredit lessons
at a discounted rate: six hours of lessons per term at no charge or ten hours of lessons
per term for $275.
The major The Music major provides a general music program in the humanities, as
well as preparation for graduate studies or for careers in music. The standard major
consists of twelve term courses, eleven of which must be numbered 300 or above,
excluding the prerequisites, MUSI 210, 211, 218, and 219. To gain a comprehensive
familiarity with the history and theory of music, a student majoring in Music completes
a survey of music history from the medieval period to the present, a survey of world
music, a two-course music theory requirement, and an advanced research seminar.
The survey courses in music history and world music are MUSI 350, 351, 352, and 353.
Students choose two courses from the music theory series numbered 301 through 311
to satisfy the music theory requirement. Also required is one Level IV course in the
Department of Music designated "Research seminar" during the junior or senior year.
Four additional term courses in music chosen from Levels II, III, and IV (only one of
which is from Level II) complete the major. Prospective majors are advised to begin the
required courses by their sophomore year.
Students intending to go on to graduate work are advised to study German and French
to achieve at least a reading knowledge of those languages. All Music majors are urged
to undertake regular studies in musical performance.
Senior requirement Each student majoring in Music must satisfy the senior
requirement by completing a senior essay, composition, or recital in a course from
the range MUSI 490497. Students must submit a completed Senior Project Form to
the director of undergraduate studies by the end of the course selection period in the
term during which the project will be completed. The Senior Project Form, available
in the departmental office, includes a brief description of the project and a timeline for
completion. The form must be signed by the project's primary and secondary advisers,
at least one of whom is a member of the faculty of the Department of Music.
The intensive major The intensive major is for students of high standing who are
qualified to do sustained independent and original work in the history or theory of
music or in composition. Students wishing to elect the intensive major must register for
the senior project in the fall term of their senior year (MUSI 490, 492, or MUSI 494).
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523
A plan for progress must be included in the project proposal at the beginning of the
fall term, specifying a deliverable end-of-term product with approximately the same
scope as a one-term senior project. Upon satisfactory completion of this work, a student
may be admitted to the intensive major, which consists of a second term of registration
for the senior project (MUSI 491, MUSI 493, or MUSI 495). The additional course
for the intensive major is supplementary to the twelve term courses that constitute the
standard major.
B.A./M.M. program Students in Yale College possessing outstanding ability in
performance or composition may anticipate, through their undergraduate programs,
one year of the Master of Music program in the School of Music, provided they
have completed four terms of performance (MUSI 360363 or MUSI 460463) and
MUSI 210 and 211 by the end of the junior year.
The program is open to majors both in Music and in other subjects. Majors in subjects
other than Music may present four courses toward the M.M. degree in addition to
four terms of performance. These courses normally include two from the music theory
sequence numbered 301311 and two from MUSI 350, 351, 352, and 353, taken by the
end of the junior year.
Candidates admitted to the B.A./M.M. program are expected to sit for placement
examinations and juries in the School of Music at the beginning of their senior year.
They must take lessons and MUS 544, the School of Music Seminar in the Major, in
that year and they are advised to take two terms of a performance ensemble if their
schedules permit. Students seeking the B.A./M.M. degree in an orchestral instrument
are required to participate in the Yale Symphony Orchestra or the School of Music
Philharmonia during their senior year. Composers, singers, and keyboard players
should consult their principal teacher about requirements in the senior year beyond the
lessons and seminar.
Interested students should consult their principal teacher at the beginning of their fifth
term of enrollment and file an application in the Office of Student Affairs at the School
of Music. Students who have accelerated the undergraduate program are ineligible to
apply for the B.A./M.M. program.
Simultaneous B.A./M.A. program Undergraduates with exceptionally strong
preparation in music history or music theory may complete a course of study leading to
the simultaneous award of the B.A. and M.A. degrees after eight terms of enrollment.
Students may not enroll in Yale College for more than eight terms to qualify for the
simultaneous award of both degrees. Declared majors in Music may apply for the
program until the last day of classes in their fifth term of enrollment if they have
completed at least two graduate courses in the Department of Music, at least one
numbered 700 or higher, with grades of B+ or above, and if their overall grade average
is A or above. Applicants must demonstrate progress toward proficiency in a foreign
language examined by the Department of Music.
Students in the simultaneous program fulfill the requirements for the intensive major
in Music. They also take seven graduate courses in the Department of Music, with
average grades of B+ or higher and grades of A or A in at least two of the courses.
They satisfy the Yale College requirements for the program (see "Simultaneous Award
of the Bachelor's and Master's Degrees" in section K, Special Programs (p. 65), in the
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Academic Regulations), and they pass a departmental examination in a modern foreign

language.

Prerequisites MUSI 210, 211, 218, and 219, or equivalents
Number of courses 12 term courses beyond prereqs, 11 numbered 300 or above
Specific courses required MUSI 350, 351, 352, 353; 2 from MUSI 301311; 1 upper-level
research sem
Distribution of courses 4 addtl courses from Levels II, III, IV, of which only 1 is from
Level II
Senior requirement One-term senior essay or project in MUSI 490497
Intensive major Two-term senior essay or project (MUSI 490, 491, or 492, 493, or 494,
495)
Freshman Seminars
* MUSI 012b, One Thousand Years of Love Songs Anna Zayaruznaya
History of the love song in Western culture from the twelfth-century troubadours to
contemporary popular hits. Music and the shifting social constructions of desire over
the past millennium. The song repertory's engagement with ideas and movements
such as courtly love, humanism, romanticism, sexual libertinism, and the LGBT
rights movement. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under
Freshman Seminar Program. HU RP
* MUSI 030a, Faith and Doubt in Western Music Henry Parkes
An exploration of spirituality, ideology, and philosophical worldviews in the great
works of Western classical music. Religious and philosophical backgrounds of famous
composers; the role of spirituality as a stimulus for creativity; the manner in which
belief has shaped the reception of composers and works; the degree to which musical
works communicate spiritual ideas or philosophies. Enrollment limited to freshmen.
* MUSI 065a, Shape-Note Traditions of the United States Ian Quinn
Introduction to the folk-song process known as shape-note or Sacred Harp singing,
a unique tradition of community a cappella music-making. The tradition's roots in
colonial New England, growth in the southern states between the Civil War and the
World Wars, and influence on later musical genres such as bluegrass and gospel. The
history of American music, religion, and print culture; exploration of a way of relating
to music that is fundamentally different from the performer-audience relationship;
concepts of oral tradition. Includes a field trip to New York City. No singing experience
or music-reading ability required. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration
required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. HU
Level I
* MUSI 107b, Exploring the Nature of Genius Craig Wright
The changing meanings of the term "genius" in Western culture; discussion as to
whether genius is a reality. Focus on the special talents needed to respond to and shape
the world in a defining fashion, and the quirky patterns of thought exemplified by great
minds, principally Leonardo da Vinci, Newton, Mozart, Woolf, Beethoven, van Gogh,
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525
Picasso, and Joyce. Recent developments in neurobiology that suggest future lines of
research into the minds of exceptional individuals. Enrollment limited to 65. WR, HU
MUSI 110a or b, Introduction to the Elements of Music Staff
The fundamentals of musical language (notation, rhythm, scales, keys, melodies, and
chords), including writing, analysis, singing, and dictation. Intended for students who
have no music reading ability.
MUSI 112a, Listening to Music Craig Wright
Development of aural skills that lead to an understanding of Western music. The
musical novice is introduced to the ways in which music is put together and is taught
how to listen to a wide variety of musical styles, from Bach and Mozart, to Gregorian
chant, to the blues. HU
MUSI 131b, Introduction to the History of Western Music: 1800 to the Present Staff
A survey of nineteenth- and twentieth-century composers, genres, and styles of music
in Europe and America, with an emphasis on ways of listening. No prerequisites. HU
Level II
* MUSI 205a or b, Tonal Harmony and Form Staff
A thorough review of musical rudimentsscales, keys, chords, rhythm, notation
followed by a study of the fundamentals of tonal harmony and form. Emphasis on
listening skillshow to hear what is happening harmonically and formally in tonal
pieces without following a score. Intended for nonmusic majors who have proficiency
in reading music. Admission after MUSI 110 or by the music theory placement test. See
the Calendar for the Opening Days or the Music department Web site for information
about the placement test. Interested students must preregister through https://
students.yale.edu/ocs-preference/select/select?id=10702 HU
* MUSI 210a or b, Elementary Studies in Analysis and Model Composition I Staff
Practical investigation of the basic principles of tonal harmony, counterpoint, and
composition through exercises in analysis, motivic development, phrase rhythm,
texture, form, performance, and model composition. Recommended to be taken
concurrently with MUSI 218 or 219. Admission after MUSI 110 or by the music theory
placement test. See the Calendar for the Opening Days or the Music department Web site
for information about the placement test. To be followed by MUSI 211. HU
* MUSI 211a or b, Elementary Studies in Analysis and Model Composition II Staff
Continuation of MUSI 210. Recommended to be taken concurrently with MUSI 218 or
219. Admission after MUSI 210 or by the music theory placement test. See the Calendar
for the Opening Days or the Music department Web site for information about the
placement test. HU RP
* MUSI 214a, Songwriting for Composers and Lyricists Joshua Rosenblum
Introduction to elements of music- and lyric-writing for theater songs. Focus on the
development of compositional proficiency in the musical theater idiom and on the
refinement of each student's compositional voice. Prerequisite: MUSI 205. Enrollment
limited to 12. HU RP
* MUSI 218a or b, Elementary Musicianship I Staff
Exercises in melodic and harmonic dictation, sight-singing, keyboard harmony, and
aural analysis Admission after MUSI 110 or by the music theory placement test. See the
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Calendar for the Opening Days or the Music department Web site for information about
the placement test RP Course cr
* MUSI 219a or b, Elementary Musicianship II Staff
Continuation of MUSI 218. Prerequisite: MUSI 218. Recommended to be taken
concurrently with MUSI 210 or 211. RP Course cr
* MUSI 220a and MUSI 221b, The Performance of Chamber Music Wendy Sharp
Coached chamber music emphasizing the development of ensemble skills,
familiarization with the repertory, and musical analysis through performance.
Admission by audition only. May be repeated for credit. For audition information email wendy.sharp@yale.edu. Credit for MUSI 220 only on completion of MUSI 221.
RP Course cr per term
* MUSI 222a or b, The Performance of Vocal Music Richard Lalli
A course for singers and pianists that emphasizes the analysis and musical preparation
of classical solo song and operatic repertoire. Examination of structure (poetic,
harmonic, motivic), discussion of style, exploration of vocal techniques, and
introduction to the International Phonetic Alphabet. Students are strongly encouraged
to supplement the course with individual voice instruction. Admission by audition only.
May be repeated for credit. For audition information e-mail richard.lalli@yale.edu.
HU RP
* MUSI 223a, The Performance of Early Music Grant Herreid
A study of musical styles of the twelfth through early eighteenth centuries, including
examination of manuscripts, musicological research, transcription, score preparation,
and performance. Students in this class form the nucleus of the Yale Collegium
Musicum and participate in a concert series at the Beinecke Library. Admission
by audition only. May be repeated for credit. For audition information e-mail
grant.herreid@yale.edu HU RP
* MUSI 224a / THST 222a, The Performance of Musical Theater Andrew Gerle
A course for singers and pianists that emphasizes both practical performance and
structural analysis. Study of the structure and composition of traditional and
contemporary musical theater material in order to improve the comprehension and
performance of representative songs. RP
* MUSI 229b / THST 226b, Musical Theater Performance II Annette Jolles
The collaborative process and its effect on musical theater performance. Choreography,
music direction, and origination of new works. Analysis of texts, scripts, and taped or
filmed performances; applications in students' own performance. May be repeated for
credit. For audition information e-mail dan.egan@yale.edu. RP
* MUSI 231a, Laptop Ensembles: Study and Performance Konrad Kaczmarek
Introduction to music technology through a combination of classroom learning and live
performance. The appropriation of music technology through software and hardware
hacking; laptop-based production and performance tools; hybrid electroacoustic
instruments and electronic chamber music; live audio processing; novel approaches to
notation and conducting. Students create new works and perform in a concert at the
end of the term. Counts toward the Music major as a Level III course with permission
of instructor.
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527
* MUSI 232a or b, Central Javanese Gamelan Ensemble Staff

An introduction to performing the orchestral music of central Java and to the theoretical
and aesthetic discourses of the gamelan tradition. Students form the nucleus of
a gamelan ensemble that consists primarily of tuned gongs and metallophones;
interested students may arrange for additional private instruction on more challenging
instruments. The course culminates in a public performance by the ensemble. No
previous musical experience required. RP
* MUSI 235a, Singing from Early Notations Anna Zayaruznaya
Introduction to the notation of Western music from c. 900 to 1500. Plainchant, sacred
and secular polyphony, and notational puzzles and games. Notation as it relates to
style, composition, performance, and culture. Students sing and become familiar with
representative works from the period while learning to read the notations in which the
works are preserved. Prerequisite: ability to read modern music notation comfortably.
HU RP
* MUSI 246a / THST 236a, American Musical Theater History Daniel Egan
Critical examination of relevance and context in the history of the American musical
theater. Historical survey, including nonmusical trends, combined with text and
musical analysis. WR, HU RP
* MUSI 295b, Electronic Dance Music Kathryn Alexander
Survey of creative techniques used in electronic dance music, such as digital sampling,
synthesis, MIDI sequencing, DSP, and mixing. Focus on evolving genres, including
ambient, drum and bass, dub-step, jungle, house, techno, and trance, as well as on
mash-up techniques. Prerequisite: MUSI 110 or S290 or equivalent. HU RP
Level III
All courses numbered 300 and above require the ability to read music.
* MUSI 302a, Tonal Counterpoint: Analysis and Composition Daniel Harrison
Intermediate studies in the theory, analysis, and composition of the music of the
early and mid-eighteenth century. Prerequisite: MUSI 211. Enrollment limited to 18.
Preference to Music majors according to class. HU
* MUSI 303a, Classical Style: Analysis and Model Composition Michael Friedmann
Intermediate studies in the theory, analysis, and composition of the music of the late
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Prerequisite: MUSI 211. Enrollment limited to 14.
* MUSI 307b, Jazz Harmony Brian Kane
An intensive study of the language of jazz, with a focus on jazz harmonies, scale-chord
relationships, improvisational syntax, reharmonization, and transcription. Students
analyze and transcribe solos, write model compositions, and acquire basic jazz piano
skills. Prerequisites: MUSI 211 and 219. Enrollment limited to 18. Preference to Music
majors according to class. HU
* MUSI 312a, Composition Seminar I Kathryn Alexander
Intermediate project-oriented studies in music composition and in the instrumentation
and orchestration of chamber music. Survey of contemporary techniques in selected
composers' works, as well as digital notation and MIDI realization techniques
in notation programs and Ableton Live 9. Prerequisite: MUSI 205 or equivalent.
528
Admission by audition only. May be repeated for credit. Enrollment limited to 20. To
audition, students should upload one or two PDF scores and MP3 recordings in a single
zip file by 4 p.m. on Wednesday, September 9, to the designated 312 audition dropbox
on the Composition Seminar Web page at classesv2.yale.edu. Students with questions
should contact the instructor at kathryn.alexander@yale.edu.
* MUSI 313b, Composition Seminar II Konrad Kaczmarek
Intermediate project-oriented studies in music composition and in film and video
scoring. Study of selected composers' works; survey of production techniques in Logic
Pro and Final Cut Pro. Prerequisite: MUSI 205, 214, or 312, or equivalent. Admission
by audition only. May be repeated for credit. Enrollment limited to 20. To audition,
students should upload one or two PDF scores and MP3 recordings in a single zip file
by 4 p.m. on Wednesday, January 20, to the designated 313 audition dropbox on the
Composition Seminar Web page at classesv2.yale.edu. Students with questions should
contact the instructor at konrad.kaczmarek@yale.edu. RP
* MUSI 314b, Composition of Musical Theater Jeanine Tesori
Intermediate and advanced project-oriented studies in composition of musical theater.
Prerequisite: MUSI 210. May be repeated for credit. Enrollment limited to 12. HU RP
* MUSI 318a, Intermediate Musicianship Richard Lalli
Training in advanced aural perception, sight-singing, and keyboard skills. Prerequisite:
MUSI 218.
* MUSI 322b / THST 318b, Analyzing, Directing, and Performing Early Opera Grant
Herreid
Study of a seventeenth-century Venetian opera, with attention to structural analysis
of text and music. Exploration of period performance practice, including rhetorical
expression, musical style, gesture, dance, Italian elocution, and visual design.
Production of the opera in conjunction with the Yale Baroque Opera Project. Open to all
students, but designed especially for singers and directors. Prerequisites: MUSI 211 and
219. Admission by audition only. May be repeated for credit. For audition information
e-mail grant.herreid@yale.edu. HU RP
* MUSI 323a, Introduction to Conducting Toshiyuki Shimada
An introduction to conducting through a detailed study of the problems of baton
technique. Skills applied to selected excerpts from the standard literature, including
concertos, recitatives, and contemporary music.
* MUSI 324b, Intermediate Conducting Toshiyuki Shimada
Intermediate studies in baton technique and score preparation. After MUSI 323.
* MUSI 334b, Analysis and Performance of Early Music Grant Herreid
Continuation of MUSI 223. Analytical techniques applied to interpretation and
performance. Emphasis on the development of vocal technique and sight-reading skills.
Students in this class form the nucleus of the Yale Collegium Musicum. Prerequisite:
MUSI 223 or equivalent. Admission by audition only. May be repeated for credit. For
audition information see www.yale.edu/oci. HU RP
* MUSI 345a / FILM 359a, Introduction to Sound Studies Brian Kane
A broad introduction to sound studies, an emerging field that analyzes both the
technologies and the cultural techniques involved in the production, reception, and
meaning of sound and listening. Topics include soundscapes, voice, modes of listening,
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529
audio technologies, electronic music, and noise. How sound studies intersects with
more traditional methods of music studies. HU
* MUSI 351a, History of Western Music: Baroque and Classical James Hepokoski
A detailed investigation of the history of musical style from 1600 to 1800. Preference to
Music majors according to class. HU
* MUSI 352b, History of Western Music: The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
James Hepokoski
A detailed investigation of the history of musical style from 1800 to the present.
* MUSI 353a / AFST 353a, Topics in World Music Michael Veal
* MUSI 355b / RLST 122b / SAST 373b, Music and Hinduism Staff
The variety of ways in which music and sound are incorporated into Hindu traditions.
How concepts of sacred sound, Sanskrit aesthetics, religious praxis and theology,
musical virtuosity, nationalism, and issues of gender are central to understanding
relationships between music and Hinduism. Hindu musical performance and discourse
in the context of South Asian history, politics, and culture. HU
* MUSI 356a / FILM 374a / SAST 357a, Bollywood's Music, Image, and Culture Staff
MUSI 357b / SAST 259b, Indian Music Theory and Practice Stanley Scott
Introduction to the concepts and culture of music in South Asia from Vedic times to
the present, with a focus on North Indian classical music. Discussion of history and
theory is enriched by practical instruction and live performances. Topics include raga
(melody), tala (meter), musical forms, improvisation, patronage, religion, and gender,
with forays into folk music and film. No previous experience in Indian classical music
required. HU
MUSI 370b / ART 371b, Sound Art Brian Kane
Introduction to sound art, a contemporary artistic practice that uses sound and
listening as mediums, often creating psychological or physiological reactions as part
of the finished artwork. The history of sound art in relation to the larger history of
art and music; theoretical underpinnings and practical production; central debates
and problems in contemporary sound art. Includes creation and in-class critique of
experimental works. Materials fee: $25. HU
* MUSI 371b / ENAS 344b, Musical Acoustics and Instrument Design Lawrence
Wilen
Practical study of musical acoustics. The physics and design of musical instruments,
with attention to all aspects of sound, from the origin of the vibration in the instrument
530
to the perception by the listener. Student teams design and construct novel instruments
and produce relevant applications. Requires a basic knowledge of physics, including
concepts of kinetic and potential energy and Newton's laws. QR, HU, SC RP
MUSI 372a / CPSC 134a, Programming Musical Applications Donya Quick
Topics in computer music, including musical representations for computing, automated
music analysis and composition, interactive systems, and virtual instrument design. Use
of domain-specific programming languages and libraries to explore how the principles
of computer science can be applied to music to create new interfaces, instruments, and
tools. Recommended preparation: the ability to read music or play an instrument. QR
Level IV
* MUSI 412a, Composition Seminar III Konrad Kaczmarek
Advanced project-oriented studies in music composition and in the orchestration of
chamber ensemble and chamber orchestra music. Survey of contemporary techniques
in selected composers' works, as well as MIDI realization techniques in Logic Pro and
East/West Orchestra. Prerequisites: MUSI 312 and 313. Admission by audition only.
May be repeated for credit. Enrollment limited to 20. To audition, students should
upload one or two PDF scores and MP3 recordings in a single zip file by 4 p.m. on
Wednesday, September 9, to the designated 412 audition dropbox on the Composition
Seminar Web page at classesv2.yale.edu. Students with questions should contact the
instructor at konrad.kaczmarek@yale.edu.
* MUSI 413b, Composition Seminar IV Kathryn Alexander
Advanced project-oriented studies in music composition and in the orchestration of
symphonic orchestra music. Survey of contemporary techniques in selected composers'
works, as well as MIDI realization techniques in Ableton Live 9 and VSL. Prerequisites:
MUSI 312 and 313. Admission by audition only. May be repeated for credit. Enrollment
limited to 20. To audition, students should upload one or two PDF scores and MP3
recordings in a single zip file by 4 p.m. on Wednesday, January 20, to the designated 413
audition dropbox on the Composition Seminar Web page at classesv2.yale.edu. Students
with questions should contact the instructor at kathryn.alexander@yale.edu.
* MUSI 435b / HUMS 231b, Music in European Thought: Three Moments in the
Modern Era Leon Plantinga
An inquiry into the role of music and thought about music at three critical junctures
in the intellectual and cultural history of modern Europe: the birth of modernity
and opera; the Enlightenment and the classical style; and German romanticism and
Beethoven. HU
* MUSI 437b, Chamber Music of Beethoven: Analysis and Performance Michael
Friedmann
A study of selected chamber works by Beethoven, coupling analytical research with
practical performance issues. Advanced violinists, violists, cellists, oboists, clarinetists,
bassoonists, hornists, vocalists, and pianists admitted by audition. Auditions held
in the days immediately following the first class meeting, but can be arranged by
email in advance of class. Audition material must convey a high level of technical
advancement and musical sophistication, but need not be by Beethoven. The auditions
also incorporate some analytic questions on Beethoven chamber music scores. RP
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531
Research Seminars
* MUSI 445b, Trends in European Orchestral Music, 1950 to the Present Patrick
McCreless and Kirill Zikanov
Survey of prominent European compositional styles that have emerged since the end
of World War II, with a focus on compositions for larger ensembles. Readings include
analytical and historical scholarship, as well as statements by the composers themselves.
Emphasis on analytical engagement with the compositions and on the rich diversity and
vitality of contemporary art music. Prerequisites: MUSI 211 and 219 or equivalents. HU
* MUSI 456a, In Search of Authenticity Anna Zayaruznaya
Ways in which notions of authenticity are invoked in music research and reception.
Questions of performance practice as it pertains to the sound of medieval song and to
the makeup of Bach's choirs. Notions of personal authenticity in the music of Charles
Ives and in indie rock of the late twentieth century. WR, HU
Individual Study
* MUSI 471a and MUSI 472b, Individual Study Ian Quinn
Original essay in ethnomusicology, music history, music theory, or music technology
and/or multimedia art under the direction of a faculty adviser. Admission to the course
upon submission to the department of the essay proposal by the registration deadline,
and approval of the director of undergraduate studies.
Individual Instruction in Performance

* MUSI 360a or b, Performance: First Term Staff
Individual instruction in the study and interpretation of musical literature. Auditions
for assignment to instructors (for both credit and noncredit lessons) are required for
freshmen and some returning students, and are held only at the beginning of the fall
term. For details, see the Music department's program description in the YCPS.
* MUSI 361a or b, Performance: Second Term Staff
Continuation of MUSI 360.
* MUSI 362a or b, Performance: Third Term Staff
Continuation of MUSI 361. For details, see the Music department's program
description in the YCPS.
* MUSI 363a or b, Performance: Fourth Term Staff
* MUSI 460a or b, Advanced Performance: First Term Staff
Individual instruction for advanced performers in the study and interpretation of
musical literature. Auditions for assignment to instructors (for both credit and
noncredit lessons) are required for freshmen and some returning students, and are held
only at the beginning of the fall term. For details, see the Music department's program
description in the YCPS.
* MUSI 461a or b, Advanced Performance: Second Term Staff
532
* MUSI 462a or b, Advanced Performance: Third Term Staff

Continuation of MUSI 461. For details, see the Music department's program
description in the YCPS. Prerequisite: MUSI 361 or 461.
* MUSI 463a or b, Advanced Performance: Fourth Term Staff
Senior Projects
* MUSI 490a and MUSI 491b, The Senior Essay Staff
Preparation of a senior essay under faculty supervision. Admission by permission of the
* MUSI 492a and MUSI 493b, The Senior Project in Composition Staff
Preparation of a senior composition project under faculty supervision. Admission
by permission of the composition faculty of the Department of Music. Prerequisites:
MUSI 312, 313, 412, and 413.
* MUSI 494a and MUSI 495b, The Senior Project in Musical Theater Composition
Staff
Preparation of a senior composition project in the field of musical theater under faculty
supervision. Admission by permission of the coordinator of the Shen Curriculum. Two
terms of MUSI 314 or equivalent.
* MUSI 496a and MUSI 497b, The Senior Recital Staff
Preparation and performance of a senior recital and accompanying essay under faculty
supervision. Admission by permission of the director of undergraduate studies.
Prerequisite: MUSI 461.
Naval Science
Program adviser: Commander Keith Lanzer, USN; Rm. 430, 55 Whitney Ave.,
432-8223, keith.lanzer@yale.edu; nrotc.yalecollege.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NAVAL SCIENCE

Professor Captain Vernon Kemper, USN (Adjunct)
Assistant Professor Commander Keith Lanzer, USN (Adjunct)
Lectors Lieutenant Jeffrey Bohme, USN, Lieutenant John Ondik, USN, Lieutenant
Joshua Parsons, USN, Captain Joshua Smith, USMC
The Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC) program educates young men
and women for service as commissioned officers in the United States Navy (USN)
or Marine Corps (USMC). NROTC develops future officers mentally, morally, and
physically, and instills in them the highest ideals of duty and loyalty and the core values
of honor, courage, and commitment. The program in Naval Science prepares students
to assume the highest responsibilities of command, citizenship, and government.
Academic requirements The Naval Science curriculum includes courses on topics
such as Navy and Marine Corps organization, at-sea navigation, leadership, naval
history, amphibious warfare, engineering, and weapons systems. Courses emphasize
Naval Science
533
development of professional knowledge and leadership skills, which are placed in the
context of military service immediately following graduation from Yale College.
Students in the NROTC program enroll in one Naval Science course per term. Some
courses are required for both Navy and Marine option students, while others are
specific to the branch of service. All NROTC students must also enroll in the Naval
Science Laboratory each term.
Navy option students must complete eight core curriculum courses offered by Yale
College, including two term courses in calculus to be completed by the sophomore year,
two term courses in calculus-based physics, with laboratory, to be completed by the
junior year, two term courses in English or equivalent writing courses, one term course
in history or national security policy, and one term course in world culture or regional
studies. For the Navy option, the usual sequence of Naval Science courses is:
Freshman
Sophomore
Introduction to Naval
Science
Military History of the Naval Engineering

West since 1500
Junior
Naval Operations
Navigation
Leadership &
Management
Ethics of War and Peace
Naval Systems
Senior
Marine option students must complete three core curriculum courses offered by Yale
College, including two term courses in English, or equivalent writing courses, and one
term course in history or national security policy. For the Marine Corps option, the
usual sequence of Naval Science courses is:
Freshman
Sophomore
Introduction to Naval
Science
Military History of the Evolution of Warfare

West since 1500
Junior
Amphibious Warfare
Elective
Leadership &
Management
Ethics of War and Peace
Elective
Senior
Application to the National Scholarship Program Recipients of National Scholarships

are selected from applicants to a national competition (https://www.nrotc.navy.mil/).
Applicants select either the Navy or Marine Corps option, and scholarship recipients are
appointed midshipmen in either the United States Naval Reserve (USNR) or United
States Marine Corps Reserve (USMCR), as appropriate. Scholarship recipients are
granted the compensation and benefits authorized by law and current policy for a total
period not to exceed four years (forty months or fifty months with approved fifth year
benefits). During this period, the United States government pays for college tuition,
authorized academic fees, a textbook stipend, and a subsistence allowance, and provides
uniforms or compensation in lieu. Upon conferral of a degree, graduates of the National
Scholarship Program are commissioned into the Navy or Marine Corps for a minimum
of five years of active duty service.
Yale students who matriculate without a scholarship may apply for the National
Scholarship program during the fall term of their freshman year.
Application to the College Program Yale students in their first or second year may
apply for enrollment in the nonscholarship College Program and compete for two- or
three-year scholarships. If selected for the two- or three-year Scholarship Program,
students receive the same benefits as students in the National Scholarship Program for
534
their remaining undergraduate studies. Upon conferral of a degree, graduates of the

College Program are commissioned into the Navy or Marine Corps for a minimum of
three years of active duty service. Yale students interested in the College Program may
apply directly to the Yale NROTC unit (http://nrotc.yalecollege.yale.edu).
NAVY 100a or b, Naval Science Laboratory Joshua Smith

Leadership and practical application skills from the Professional Core Competency
objectives that are not covered in other Naval Science courses. Emphasis on professional
training that is not of an academic nature. Includes both classroom instruction and
physical training. Topics and special briefings as determined by Naval Science faculty
and the Naval Service Training Command. Required for NROTC students each term.
Receives no credit; cannot be applied toward the 36-course-credit requirement for
eligibility for General Honors. 0 Course cr
* NAVY 111a, Introduction to Naval Science Keith Lanzer
An overview of the naval service for first-year Naval ROTC students and others
interested in pursuing the NROTC program. Organization, missions, customs and
traditions, leadership principles, ethics, duties of a junior officer, and career options in
the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. Discussion of shipboard organization and procedures,
safety, and damage control prepares students for summer training aboard naval vessels.
For enrollment credit only; cannot be applied toward the 36-course-credit requirement
for the Yale bachelor's degree. Grades earned in this course do not count toward GPA or
* NAVY 112b, Navigation Staff
Introduction to surface-ship nagivation and practical piloting in both restricted and
open water. Celestial navigation theory, navigational charts and instruments, and
electronic navigation. Weather and other environmental factors that affect naval
operations. Navigation rules and regulations, maneuvering board concepts, and
practical exercises. For enrollment credit only; cannot be applied toward the 36-coursecredit requirement for the Yale bachelor's degree. Grades earned in this course do not
count toward GPA or eligibility for General Honors. 0 Course cr
NAVY 212b, Leadership and Management Keith Lanzer
A study of leadership, ethics, resource management, and organizational behavior, with
emphasis on situations commonly encountered by junior officers in the naval service.
Classical theories of management, motivation, and communication; development
of skills in organizational thinking and problem solving. Required for second-year
NROTC students. For enrollment credit only; cannot be applied toward the 36-coursecredit requirement for the Yale bachelor's degree. Grades earned in this course do not
NAVY 311a, Naval Engineering Jeffrey Bohme
An overview of Naval engineering systems and a detailed study of the principles
behind ship construction. Topics include ship design, hydrodynamic forces,
stability, conventional and nuclear propulsion, electrical theory and systems, interior
communications, damage control, hydraulics, and ship control. Basic concepts in the
theory and design of steam, gas turbine, and diesel propulsion. For enrollment credit
only; cannot be applied toward the 36-course-credit requirement for the Yale bachelor's
535
Honors. 0 Course cr
NAVY 312b, Naval Systems Jeffrey Bohme
The characteristics and capabilities of the major systems and platforms used in the U.S.
Navy. Technical concepts and scientific theory addressed through study of designations,
characteristics, capabilities, and missions of ships and aircraft. How computers and
electronic and space-based communications influence operational employment of
various naval platforms. Classic theory of radar, sonar, and fire-control systems. For
enrollment credit only; cannot be applied toward the 36-course-credit requirement for
* NAVY 313a, Evolution of Warfare Joshua Smith
The development of warfare to the present day, with attention to the causes of
continuity and change in the means and methods of warfare. The influence of political,
economic, and societal factors on the conduct of war, with a focus on the role of
technological innovation in changing the battlefield. The contributions of preeminent
military theorists and battlefield commanders to the modern understanding of the
art and science of war. Prerequisites: NAVY 111 and 212. Required for Marine-option
NROTC students. For enrollment credit only; cannot be applied toward the 36-coursecredit requirement for the Yale bachelor's degree. Grades earned in this course do not
NAVY 411a, Naval Operations and Seamanship John Ondik
Study of relative motion, formation tactics, and ship employment. Introductions
to Naval operations and operations analysis, ship behavior and characteristics in
maneuvering, applied aspects of ship handling, afloat communications, Naval
command and control, Naval warfare areas, and joint warfare. Analysis of case studies
involving related moral, ethical, and leadership issues. Prerequisites: NAVY 111 and 112.
For enrollment credit only; cannot be applied toward the 36-course-credit requirement
for the Yale bachelor's degree. Grades earned in this course do not count toward GPA or
Other Courses Related to Naval Science


Director of undergraduate studies: Christina Kraus, 319 HGS, 432-2944,
christina.kraus@yale.edu; nelc.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NEAR EASTERN LANGUAGES AND

CIVILIZATIONS
Professors John Darnell, Benjamin Foster, Eckart Frahm, Dimitri Gutas, Bentley
Layton (Emeritus), Harvey Weiss
536
Lecturers Adel Allouche, Karen Foster, Kathryn Slanski

Senior Lectors Sarab al-Ani, Muhammad Aziz, Jonas Elbousty, Etem Erol, Shiri
Goren, Dina Roginsky, Farkhondeh Shayesteh
The major in Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations is a liberal arts major that gives
students a sound competence in a Near Eastern language and a broad knowledge of
the literatures, civilizations, history, and archaeology of the Near East. The major also
provides essential preparation for graduate or professional work in which a knowledge
of Near Eastern languages, history, and archaeology is required.
Depending on the student's interests, the major is built around study of one or
more Near Eastern languages, leading to a concentration in the ancient Near East
(Mesopotamia, Egypt, or Syria-Palestine), in Hebrew language and literature, or in
Arabic and Islamic studies.
Requirements of the major Twelve term courses in the department, or their
equivalent, are required for the major, including the senior essay course. No more than
six course credits from other departments may be applied toward this requirement.
The course work includes at least two years of study of a Near Eastern language and no
fewer than three courses in the history and civilizations of the Near East, at least one of
which must be in the ancient and one in the Islamic Near East. Students should develop
coherent programs of study in one of three areas of concentration:
1. Ancient Near Eastern languages and civilizations, with emphasis on Mesopotamia,
Egypt, or Syria-Palestine. Students interested in Mesopotamia take at least two
years of Akkadian, as well as courses in the history and civilizations of the ancient
Near East. Students interested in Egypt take at least two years of Egyptian, as well
as courses in the history and civilizations of ancient Egypt. Students interested in
Syria-Palestine take at least two years of biblical Hebrew, as well as courses in the
history and civilizations of the ancient Near East.
2. Hebrew language and literature. Students take two years or more of Hebrew
(ancient or modern, but in any case at least two years of one period of the
language), and courses in Hebrew literature, the history and civilizations of the
ancient Near East, and Near Eastern Judaism.
3. Arabic and Islamic studies. ARBC 120 is a prerequisite for this area and counts as
one term course toward the twelve required. Students take at least two years of
Arabic beyond the prerequisite, and courses selected from Arabic literature, Arab
civilization, Islamic religion, Near Eastern history, and Persian or Turkish language.
In their senior year, students take NELC 490, Introduction to Arabic and Islamic
Studies. Majors in this area of concentration are strongly advised to begin their
language training as early as possible, and certainly not later than the sophomore
year. Students should consult Dimitri Gutas, 316 HGS, 432-2947.
Well-qualified students who have acquired the requisite background in undergraduate
courses may, with the permission of the instructor, the director of undergraduate
studies, and the director of graduate studies, be admitted to graduate courses where no
suitable undergraduate courses exist. In addition, courses from such other departments
and programs as Archaeological Studies, History, History of Art, Judaic Studies,
537
Political Science, and Religious Studies, as well as college seminars, are routinely
accepted for credit toward the major if they deal with Near Eastern topics.
All course schedules must be approved by the director of undergraduate studies.
Senior essay To derive full benefit from the major, students should acquire practical
experience in using Near Eastern languages for research purposes. Therefore all
students in the major undertake a senior essay that involves substantial use of materials
in one or more Near Eastern languages. The senior essay is a research paper of at least
thirty pages prepared under the supervision of a departmental faculty member. It
may be written under the rubric of NELC 492 and/or 493, or as an extended seminar
paper in a departmental seminar course, in which case the instructor serves as the essay
adviser. The topic and a prospectus signed by an adviser are to be submitted to the
director of undergraduate studies by the end of the fourth week of classes in either term
of the senior year. The particular subject matter and theoretical approach of the essay
are decided by the student after consultation with the faculty adviser.
In cases in which students demonstrably need more time for an extensive essay, the
senior essay may be approved as a yearlong course after consultation with the adviser
and the director of undergraduate studies. Only those students who have advanced
language skills and whose project is considered to be of exceptional promise are eligible.
The requirements for the two-term essay are the same as for the one-term essay, except
that the essay should be at least sixty pages.
Languages currently offered by the Department of Near Eastern Languages and
Civilizations include Akkadian, Arabic, Egyptian, Hebrew, Persian, Syriac, and Turkish.
Students who take a foreign language during a term, year, or summer abroad must
complete a departmental placement examination after they return to Yale; there are no
exceptions to this requirement.

Prerequisites Arabic and Islamic studiesARBC 120; All other areasnone
Number of courses 12 term courses (incl prereq and senior essay)
Distribution of courses 2 years of a Near Eastern lang; 3 courses in Near Eastern
hist and civ, incl 1 in ancient and 1 in Islamic Near East; area of concentration as
specified
Specific course required Arabic and Islamic studiesNELC 490
Senior requirement Senior essay using materials in 1 or more Near Eastern langs (in
NELC 492 and/or 493 or in dept sem)
Near Eastern History and Civilizations

Introductory and Survey Courses
* NELC 001a / ARCG 001a, Egypt and Northeast Africa: A Multidisciplinary
538
WR, HU
* NELC 026b / ARCG 020b / CLCV 059b / EVST 030b / HIST 020b, Rivers and
NELC 101a / HUMS 438a, Origins of Western Civilization: The Near East from
Alexander to Muhammad Benjamin Foster
Cultural and historical survey of Hellenistic, eastern Roman, Parthian, Byzantine, and
Sassanian empires in the Near East. Emphasis on mutual influences of Near Eastern
and classical worlds, the rise of Christianity and Islam in Near Eastern contexts, and the
division of East and West between conflicting ideas of unity. HU
NELC 102a / MMES 102a, Introduction to the Middle East Benjamin Foster
Introduction to the history and cultures of the Middle East from the rise of Islam to
the present, including the Arab world, Iran, Turkey, and Israel. Emphasis on factors
important for understanding the Middle East today. HU
Ancient, Classical, and Medieval

NELC 107a / ARCG 238a / HSAR 238a, Buried Cities: Thera, Pompeii, and
NELC 109b / ARCG 244b / RLST 245b, The Age of Akhenaton John Darnell
in translation. HU
NELC 116b, Myth and Ritual in the Ancient Near East Eckart Frahm
Introduction to ancient Near Eastern tales about gods and heroes. Topics include
creation, the cosmic order, sacred marriage, divine battles, death, and the interaction
between gods and humans. Focus on myths from Mesopotamia, with comparison to
Egyptian, biblical, and classical traditions. WR, HU
NELC 167b / WGSS 168b, Women in the Ancient World Karen Foster
Introduction to the roles of women in ancient Egyptian, Mesopotamian, and Aegean
society, as reflected in painting, sculpture, decorative arts, and literature, as well as in
the earliest women's writings known. HU
539
* NELC 230a / CLCV 113a / HUMS 434a, Mesopotamia's Literary Legacy Kathryn
Slanski
NELC 350a / HIST 350a / MMES 175a, Formation of the Islamic State, 610 750 Adel
Allouche
Islam. HU
* NELC 403b / HIST 384Jb / MMES 172b, The Middle East between Crusaders and
* NELC 404b / HIST 398Jb / MMES 173b, Mamluk Egypt Adel Allouche
Modern
NELC 155a / JDST 323a / MMES 160a, State and Society in Israel Dina Roginsky
* NELC 157b / JDST 306b / MMES 157b, Israeli Narratives Shiri Goren
Languages and Literatures of the Ancient Near East

Akkadian
Students wishing to study Akkadian should consult the director of undergraduate
studies.
540
Egyptian
EGYP 110a, Introduction to Classical Hieroglyphic Egyptian I Staff
Introduction to the language of ancient pharaonic Egypt (Middle Egyptian) and
its hieroglyphic writing system, with short historical, literary, and religious texts.
Grammatical analysis with exercises in reading, translation, and composition. Credit
only on completion of EGYP 120. L1 RP
EGYP 117a, Elementary Biblical Coptic I Scott Davis
The native Egyptian language in the Roman and Byzantine periods. Thorough
grounding in grammar and vocabulary of the Sahidic dialect as a basis for reading
biblical, monastic, and Gnostic texts. Credit only on completion of EGYP 127. L1 RP
EGYP 120b, Introduction to Classical Hieroglyphic Egyptian II Staff
Continuation of EGYP 110. Prerequisite: EGYP 110. L2 RP
EGYP 127b, Elementary Biblical Coptic II Scott Davis
Continued study of the native Egyptian language in the Roman and Byzantine periods.
Thorough grounding in grammar and vocabulary of the Sahidic dialect as a basis for
reading biblical, monastic, and Gnostic texts. Prerequisite: EGYP 117. L2 RP
* EGYP 131a, Intermediate Egyptian: Literary Texts John Darnell
Close reading of Middle Egyptian literary texts; introduction to the hieratic (cursive)
Egyptian script. Readings include the Middle Kingdom stories of Sinuhe and the
Eloquent Peasant and excerpts from Wisdom Literature. Prerequisite: EGYP 120. L3
RP
Syriac
Students wishing to study Syriac should consult the director of undergraduate studies.
Hebrew Language and Literature

HEBR 110a, Elementary Modern Hebrew I Ayala Dvoretzky
Introduction to the language of contemporary Israel, both spoken and written.
Fundamentals of grammar; extensive practice in speaking, reading, and writing under
the guidance of a native speaker. Credit only on completion of HEBR 120. L1 RP
1 Course cr
HEBR 120b, Elementary Modern Hebrew II Shiri Goren
Continuation of HEBR 110. Introduction to the language of contemporary Israel,
both spoken and written. Fundamentals of grammar; extensive practice in speaking,
reading, and writing under the guidance of a native speaker. Prerequisite: HEBR 110 or
* HEBR 130a, Intermediate Modern Hebrew I Dina Roginsky
Review and continuation of grammatical study, leading to a deeper understanding
of style and usage. Focus on selected readings and on writing, comprehension, and
speaking skills. Prerequisite: HEBR 120 or equivalent. L3 RP
HEBR 140b, Intermediate Modern Hebrew II Ayala Dvoretzky
Continuation of HEBR 130. Review and continuation of grammatical study leading to
a deeper comprehension of style and usage. Focus on selected readings and on writing,
comprehension, and speaking skills. Prerequisite: HEBR 130 or equivalent. L4 RP
541
* HEBR 159a / JDST 409a / MMES 159a, Conversational Hebrew: Israeli Media
Shiri Goren
HEBR 161b / JDST 407b / MMES 156b, Israeli Popular Music Dina Roginsky
Arabic and Islamic Studies

Arabic
ARBC 110a, Elementary Modern Standard Arabic I Staff
Development of a basic knowledge of Modern Standard Arabic. Emphasis on
grammatical analysis, vocabulary acquisition, and the growth of skills in speaking,
listening, reading, and writing. Credit only on completion of ARBC 120. L1 RP
1 Course cr
ARBC 120b, Elementary Modern Standard Arabic II Staff
Continuation of ARBC 110. Prerequisite: ARBC 110 or requisite score on a placement
test. L2 RP 1 Course cr
* ARBC 130a, Intermediate Modern Standard Arabic I Sarab Al Ani
Intensive review of grammar; readings from contemporary and classical Arab authors
with emphasis on serial reading of unvoweled Arabic texts, prose composition, and
formal conversation. Prerequisite: ARBC 120 or requisite score on a placement test. L3
RP 1 Course cr
ARBC 136a, Intermediate Classical Arabic I Michael Rapoport
Introduction to classical Arabic, with emphasis on analytical reading skills, grammar,
and prose composition. Readings from the Qur'an, Islamic theology, and literature and
history of the Middle East, as well as Jewish and Christian religious texts in Arabic.
Prerequisite: ARBC 120 or permission of instructor. May be taken concurrently with
ARBC 130 or 150. L3 RP
ARBC 140b, Intermediate Modern Standard Arabic II Sarab Al Ani
test. L4 RP 1 Course cr
ARBC 146b, Intermediate Classical Arabic II Michael Rapoport
Continuation of ARBC 136. Prerequisite: ARBC 136 or permission of instructor. May be
taken concurrently with ARBC 140 or 151. L4 RP
* ARBC 150a, Advanced Modern Standard Arabic I Muhammad Aziz
Further development of listening, writing, and speaking skills. For students who
already have a substantial background in Modern Standard Arabic. Prerequisite: ARBC
140 or requisite score on a placement test. L5 RP
542
* ARBC 151b, Advanced Modern Standard Arabic II Muhammad Aziz

test. L5 RP
* ARBC 161b, Arabic Prose Narrative Muhammad Aziz
Close reading of selected novels by Naguib Mahfouz. Attention to idiomatic
expressions, structural patterns, and literary analysis. Prerequisite: ARBC 151 or
requisite score on a placement test. May be repeated for credit. L5
* ARBC 471a or b, Directed Reading and Research Staff
For students who wish to pursue a topic or body of texts not available in the
department's regular curriculum. Approval of the plan of study is required from both
the director of undergraduate studies and a member of the department who agrees to
serve as instructor. Student and instructor meet regularly throughout the term. The
course culminates in either a piece of written work or a final examination.
Persian
PERS 110a, Elementary Persian I Farkhondeh Shayesteh
Introduction to modern Persian, with emphasis on all four language skills: reading,
writing, listening, and speaking. Credit only on completion of PERS 120. L1 RP
1 Course cr
PERS 120b, Elementary Persian II Farkhondeh Shayesteh
Continuation of PERS 110, with emphasis on all four language skills: reading, writing,
listening, and speaking. Prerequisite: PERS 110 or permission of instructor. L2 RP
1 Course cr
PERS 130a, Intermediate Persian I Farkhondeh Shayesteh
Continuation of PERS 120, with emphasis on expanding vocabulary and understanding
more complex grammatical forms and syntax. Prerequisite: PERS 120 or permission of
instructor. L3 RP 1 Course cr
PERS 140b, Intermediate Persian II Farkhondeh Shayesteh
Continuation of PERS 130, with emphasis on expanding vocabulary and understanding
more complex grammatical forms and syntax. Prerequisite: PERS 130 or permission of
instructor. L4 RP 1 Course cr
* PERS 151b, Persian Culture and Media Farkhondeh Shayesteh
Advanced study of Persian grammar, vocabulary, and culture through the use of
authentic Persian media. Examination of daily media reports on cultural, political,
historical, and sporting events in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and other Persianspeaking regions. Designed for nonnative speakers. Prerequisite: PERS 140 or
permission of instructor. L5
* PERS 471a or b, Directed Reading in Persian
Staff
Independent study of Persian texts at an advanced level.
Turkish
TKSH 110a, Elementary Modern Turkish I Etem Erol
Development of a basic knowledge of modern Turkish, with emphasis on grammatical
analysis, vocabulary acquisition, and reading and writing skills. Credit only on
completion of TKSH 120. L1 RP 1 Course cr
543
TKSH 120b, Elementary Modern Turkish II Etem Erol

Continuation of TKSH 110. Prerequisite: TKSH 110 or permission of instructor. L2
RP 1 Course cr
TKSH 130a, Intermediate Turkish I Etem Erol
Continued study of modern Turkish, with emphasis on advanced syntax, vocabulary
acquisition, and the beginnings of free oral and written expression. Prerequisite: TKSH
120 or permission of instructor. L3 RP
TKSH 140b, Intermediate Turkish II Etem Erol
Continuation of TKSH 130. Prerequisite: TKSH 130. L4 RP
TKSH 150a, Advanced Turkish I Etem Erol
An advanced language course focused on improving students' reading, writing,
listening, and speaking skills in modern Turkish. Extensive study of vocabulary and
idiomatic expressions. Readings from genres including academic articles, critical
essays, literature, newspaper articles, and formal business writing. Screening of films,
documentaries, and news broadcasts. Prerequisite: TKSH 140. L5 RP
TKSH 151b, Advanced Turkish II Etem Erol
Continuation of TKSH 150. Focus on primary materials from Turkish media, short
stories, and Turkish films. Development of proficiency sufficient for conducting
research and presenting findings and evaluations in Turkish. Prerequisite: TKSH 150.
L5 RP
* TKSH 471a or b, Directed Reading and Research in Turkish Etem Erol
For students who wish to pursue a topic or body of texts not available in the
department's regular curriculum. Approval of the plan of study is required from both
the director of undergraduate studies and a member of the department who agrees to
serve as instructor. Student and instructor meet regularly throughout the term. The
course culminates in either a piece of written work or a final examination. RP
Courses for Majors

* NELC 492a and NELC 493b, The Senior Essay Christina Kraus
Preparation of a research paper of at least thirty pages (sixty pages for a two-term
essay) under the supervision of a departmental faculty member, in accordance with
the following schedule: (1) by the end of the second week of classes of the fall term,
students meet with advisers to discuss the topic, approach, sources, and bibliography
of the essay. Note: students planning to write the essay in the second term (NELC 493)
should also meet with their prospective advisers by this deadline; (2) by the end of the
fourth week of classes a prospectus with outline, including an annotated bibliography
of materials in one or more Near Eastern languages and of secondary sources, is signed
by the adviser and submitted to the director of undergraduate studies. The prospectus
should indicate the formal title, scope, and focus of the essay, as well as the proposed
research method, including detailed indications of the nature and extent of materials
in a Near Eastern language that will be used; (3) at the end of the tenth week of classes
(end of February for yearlong essays), a rough draft of the complete essay is submitted
to the adviser; (4) two copies of the finished paper must be submitted to the director
of undergraduate studies, 314 HGS, by 4 p.m. on the last day of reading period. Failure
to comply with the deadline will be penalized by a lower grade. Senior essays will be
graded by departmental faculty unless, for exceptional reasons, different arrangements
544
for an outside reader are made in advance with the director of undergraduate studies
and the departmental adviser.
Graduate and Professional School Courses of Interest to

Undergraduates
Some Graduate School courses are open to qualified undergraduates with permission
of the instructor and of the director of graduate studies. For course descriptions see the
Online Course Information Web site (http://www.yale.edu/oci). (Also see Courses
in the Yale Graduate and Professional Schools under Special Arrangements in the
Academic Regulations.)
Philosophy
Director of undergraduate studies: Kenneth Winkler, 406A C, 432-1679,
kenneth.winkler@yale.edu; philosophy.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

Professors Seyla Benhabib, David Charles, Stephen Darwall, Michael Della Rocca,
Keith DeRose, Paul Franks, Tamar Gendler, John Hare, Karsten Harries, Verity Harte,
Brad Inwood, Shelly Kagan, Joshua Knobe, Mary Margaret McCabe, Elizabeth Miller,
Thomas Pogge, Scott Shapiro, Sun-Joo Shin, Steven Smith, Jason Stanley, Zoltn
Szab, Kenneth Winkler, Gideon Yaffe
Assistant Professors Daniel Greco, John Pittard, Bruno Whittle
Philosophy courses numbered 100 through 199 are introductory. They are open
to all students and have no prerequisites. Courses numbered 200 through 399 are
intermediate. Some have prerequisites; others do not, and may be taken as a student's
first course in philosophy, though such a student should consult the instructor first. In
general, it is a good idea to take a broadly based course in any area of philosophy before
taking a specialized course.
Courses numbered 400 through 479 are seminars. These advanced courses are intended
primarily for juniors and seniors, though other students may be admitted with the
instructor's permission. Undergraduates should be sure they have enough background
to take such a course, including previous work in the same area of philosophy. Students
with questions should consult the instructor.
The standard major Prerequisite to the Philosophy major are two introductory or
intermediate philosophy courses. The major requires twelve courses (including the
prerequisites and the senior requirement) that collectively expose students to a wide
range of philosophy and philosophers. The Philosophy curriculum is divided into three
broad groups: history of philosophy (PHIL 125174, 200264, 400424), metaphysics
and epistemology (PHIL 265319, 425449), and ethics and value theory (PHIL 175
199, 320399, 450479). In history of philosophy, majors are required to take (a) either
PHIL 125 and 126 or both terms of Directed Studies, and (b) an additional, third course
in history of philosophy. Majors are encouraged to take PHIL 125 and 126 as early as
possible; these courses may be taken in either order. Majors must complete two courses
in metaphysics and epistemology, two courses in ethics and value theory, and a course
in logic (such as PHIL 115), the last preferably by the fall of their junior year. Majors
must also take two seminars and satisfy the senior requirement as described below.
Philosophy
545
All courses in Philosophy count toward the twelve-course requirement. With approval
from the director of undergraduate studies, courses offered by other departments may
be counted toward the major requirements, though no more than two such courses will
normally be allowed.
Specific regulations for the group requirements are as follows:
1. Some introductory courses do not count toward any group requirement. Other
courses count toward a group requirement unless they are otherwise designated.
2. Courses automatically count toward the group under which they are listed in this
bulletin. In rare cases, a course will be designated as counting toward a second
group, although no single course can be counted by the same student toward two
group requirements. In addition, students may petition to have a course count
toward a group other than the one under which it is listed in this bulletin, though
the presumption will be against such petitions.
3. Courses taken in other departments and applied to the major will not normally
count toward a group requirement. Students may petition for credit toward a group
requirement, though the presumption will be against such petitions.
Credit/D/Fail No more than one course taken Credit/D/Fail may be counted toward
the major, with the permission of the director of undergraduate studies.
The senior requirement The senior requirement is normally satisfied by completing a
third philosophy seminar. Students taking a seminar to satisfy the senior requirement
are expected to produce work superior in argument and articulation to that of
a standard seminar paper. To this end, students taking a seminar for the senior
requirement must satisfy additional requirements that are delineated in the syllabus
or during the first class session, and that may include (a) additional readings, (b)
submission of a complete draft of the final paper by the eighth week of the term that
will then be significantly revised, and (c) one-on-one or small-group meetings with the
instructor to discuss class material, the additional readings, and drafts in preparation.
In special cases, students may meet the senior requirement through either a one-term or
a two-term independent project supervised by an instructor (PHIL 490, 491). Students
must petition to fulfill the senior requirement through an independent project, and
approval is not guaranteed. Applicants must submit a proposal to the director of
undergraduate studies, in consultation with an appropriate supervisor, by the end of the
term prior to beginning the independent study.
Each major should, by October 1 of the junior year, secure the agreement of a member
of the Philosophy department to serve as adviser for the year. The adviser aids the
student in choosing courses and in planning for the senior year. All senior majors must
have their schedules signed by the director of undergraduate studies.
Psychology track The psychology track is designed for students interested in both
philosophy and psychology. Prerequisite to the major in the psychology track are two
courses in philosophy or psychology. Majors in the track must take seven courses in
philosophy and five in psychology, for a total of twelve, including the prerequisites
and senior requirement. The seven philosophy courses must include (a) two courses
in the history of philosophy, usually PHIL 125 and 126 or DRST 003 and 004, (b)
a course in logic, such as PHIL 115, preferably by the fall of the junior year, (c) two
546
seminars, one of which may be in the Psychology department, with the approval of the
director of undergraduate studies, and (d) at least two courses at the intermediate or
advanced level that bear on the intersection of philosophy and psychology, at least one
of which must be a philosophy seminar. Courses satisfying (d) must be approved by the
director of undergraduate studies. The five psychology courses must include PSYC 110
or its equivalent. Each major must also satisfy the senior requirement as described
above for the standard major. No more than one course taken Credit/D/Fail may be
counted toward the requirements of the major, with the permission of the director of
Students interested in philosophy and psychology should also consider the major in
Cognitive Science (p. 202).
Other majors involving philosophy Majors in Mathematics and Philosophy
(p. 486) and in Physics and Philosophy (p. 561) are also available.

Prerequisites Standard trackany 2 intro or intermediate phil courses; Psychology
trackany 2 courses in phil or psych
Number of courses Both tracks12 term courses, incl prereqs and senior req
Distribution of courses Standard track3 courses in hist of phil (incl DRST 003 and
004, or PHIL 125 and 126), 2 in metaphysics and epistemology, 2 in ethics and value
theory, and 1 in logic; 2 phil sems; Psychology track7 courses in phil, as specified; 5
courses in psych
Specific courses required Standard trackPHIL 125 and 126, or DRST 003 and 004;
Psychology trackPSYC 110 or equivalent
Senior requirement Both tracksa third sem in phil, or a one- or two-term
independent project (PHIL 490, 491)
PHIL 114b, Free Will, God, and Evil Keith DeRose
An examination of attempts to reconcile the evils of this world with the existence of a
perfectly good God, with special attention to proposed solutions to this problem that
appeal to human free will in explaining why God allows evil. Discussions of the relation
between such appeals to human freedom and other attempts to solve the problem of
evil, the special problem posed by truly horrendous evils, the appeal to human freedom
to justify doctrines of hell, and the nature of human freedom. HU
PHIL 115a, First-Order Logic Bruno Whittle
An introduction to formal logic. Study of the formal deductive systems and semantics
for both propositional and predicate logic. Some discussion of metatheory. QR
History of Philosophy
PHIL 125a / CLCV 125a, Introduction to Ancient Philosophy Brad Inwood
An introduction to ancient philosophy, beginning with the earliest pre-Socratics,
concentrating on Plato and Aristotle, and including a brief foray into Hellenistic
philosophy. Intended to be taken in conjunction with PHIL 126. HU
Philosophy
547
PHIL 126b, Introduction to Modern Philosophy from Descartes to Kant Kenneth

Winkler
An introduction to major figures in the history of modern philosophy, with critical
reading of works by Descartes, Malabranche, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume,
and Kant. Intended to be taken in conjunction with PHIL 125, although PHIL 125 is not
a prerequisite. HU
Ethics and Value Theory

PHIL 174a, Moral Skepticism Shelly Kagan
The legitimacy of doubts about morality. Can there really be any objective moral facts?
Isn't morality all a matter of personal opinion or subjective preference, or, alternatively,
all socially or culturally relative? If there were moral facts, how could one possibly
know anything about them? Can one's moral views be justified at all? What place can
morality possibly have in a scientific world view? WR, HU
PHIL 175b, Introduction to Ethics Shelly Kagan
What makes one act right and another wrong? What am I morally required to do for
others? What is the basis of morality? These are some of the questions raised in moral
philosophy. Examination of two of the most important answers, the theories of Mill
and Kant, with brief consideration of the views of Hume and Hobbes. Discussion of the
question: Why be moral? HU
EP&E: Intro Ethics
PHIL 177b, Propaganda, Ideology, and Democracy Jason Stanley
Historical, philosophical, psychological, and linguistic introduction to the issues and
challenges that propaganda raises for liberal democracy. How propaganda can work to
undermine democracy; ways in which schools and the press are implicated; the use of
propaganda by social movements to address democracy's deficiencies; the legitimacy of
propaganda in cases of political crisis. HU
PHIL 178a, Introduction to Political Philosophy Thomas Pogge
A survey of social and political theory, beginning with Plato and continuing through
modern philosophers such as Rawls, Nozick, and Cohen. Emphasis on tracing the
development of political ideas; challenges to political theories. HU
PHIL 180b / PLSC 191b, Ethics and International Affairs Thomas Pogge
Moral reflection taken beyond state boundaries. Traditional questions about
state conduct and international relations as well as more recent questions about
intergovernmental agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and the design of global
institutional arrangements. HU
PHIL 204b / GMAN 381b, Kant's Critique of Pure Reason Paul Franks
An examination of the metaphysical and epistemological doctrines of Kant's Critique of
Pure Reason. PHIL 126 or DRST 004 HU
* PHIL 217b, Ancient and Modern Accounts of Moral Weakness David Charles and
Evan Rodriguez
Critical examination of approaches to understanding moral weakness, the problem
of seeing the better but doing the worse, in ancient and contemporary Western
548
philosophy. Analysis of assumptions that make moral weakness appear problematic;

attempts to find the most convincing description of the phenomenon itself.
Prerequisite: a course in philosophy. HU
* PHIL 225b / GMAN 357b / LITR 433b, Nietzsche and His Readers Paul North
Metaphysics and Epistemology

PHIL 270a, Epistemology Keith DeRose
Introduction to current topics in the theory of knowledge. The analysis of knowledge,
justified belief, rationality, certainty, and evidence. HU
PHIL 276a / PHIL 310, Metaphysics Elizabeth Miller
Examination of some fundamental aspects of reality. Topics include time, persistence,
modality, causation, and existence. HU
PHIL 279b, Intentionality Zoltn Szab
The philosophical problem of intentionality. The question of nonexistence, i.e., how
thought about the nonexistent is possible. Responses to the problem of nonexistence,
each of which becomes a distinctive theory of intentionality. The intentionality of
specific types of mental states, such as perception, belief, and desire. Whether the
contents of mental states depend only on the internal features of the thinker, or also on
the thinker's environment. HU
PHIL 281b, Infinity Bruno Whittle
The idea of infinity. Traditional and contemporary versions of the paradoxes of
space, time, and motion, as well as the paradoxes of classes, chances, and truth. Some
elementary arithmetic, geometry, probability theory, and set theory. QR, HU
* PHIL 305b / CGSC 313b / PSYC 313b, Philosophy for Psychologists Joshua Knobe
PHIL 312a / PLSC 311a / WGSS 302a, How We Choose, and Choose Well Hlne
Landemore
The study of choice approached through a broad and multifaceted lens, borrowing
from disciplines and sources as varied as metaphysics, moral philosophy, political
theory, literature, and film, as well as psychology, sociology, anthropology, political
science, and economics. Recommended preparation: introductory courses in moral
philosophy and economics. SO
Philosophy
549
Seminars
* PHIL 415b, Hume Kenneth Winkler
A study of Hume's epistemology and metaphysics and his science of human nature.
Topics include our knowledge of space and time; inductive reasoning; the nature
and representation of causation; the origin and justification of belief in an external
world; personal identity; the normative bearing of naturalized epistemology; the
explanation and justification of religious belief; and the attractions and limits of
skepticism. Readings in Book I of A Treatise of Human Nature, An Enquiry concerning
Human Understanding, and Dialogues concerning Natural Religion. HU
* PHIL 416b, The Philosophy of Spinoza Michael Della Rocca
An in-depth study of Spinoza's philosophy. Readings from his Ethics, political writings,
Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect, letters, and other works. Spinoza's metaphysics
and his views on philosophy of mind, teleology, action, and emotion. Some attention to
methods for interpreting works in the history of philosophy. HU
* PHIL 417b, Critical Theory and the Frankfurt School Staff
Introduction to the thought and writings of the philosophers known as the Frankfurt
School, who founded and developed the idea of Critical Theory. The method of Critical
Theory as a way of thinking about the complex relations between philosophy and
society, culture and politics, and philosophical concepts and social reality. The meaning
of concepts such as critique, history, freedom, individuality, emancipation, and aesthetic
experience. HU
* PHIL 419a, Descartes Karsten Harries
An examination of Descartes as a founder of the modern world picture. Consideration
of all his major works. Prerequisites: two courses in philosophy. HU
* PHIL 422a / CLSS 422a, Plato's Republic Verity Harte and Mary McCabe
Close reading and philosophical analysis of the whole of Plato's Republic. Readings in
translation. Prerequisites: PHIL 125 or DRST 003 or equivalent, and one additional
philosophy course. HU
* PHIL 423b, Aristotle and Virtue Theory David Charles
Aristotle's discussion of the virtues, and their role in his ethical theory. Comparison of
Aristotle's view with recent attempts to formulate a virtue-based approach to ethics.
Prerequisite: a course in ethics or ancient philosophy.
Metaphysics and Epistemology

* PHIL 426a / CGSC 426a / PSYC 422a, The Cognitive Science of Morality Joshua
Knobe
them. HU
550

* PHIL 428b, Propositions, Truth, and Paradox Bruno Whittle
Semantic paradoxes and the question of how to give adequate accounts of truth and of
propositions in light of them. Readings include recent work on languages that contain
their own truth predicates and on attempts to give consistent accounts of structured
propositions. HU
* PHIL 441b, Reductionism Elizabeth Miller
Exploration of reductive approaches in contemporary metaphysics and philosophy
of science. The question of whether there is a deep sense in which all the complexity
of reality reduces to some more limited class of fundamental features. Prerequisite: a
Philosophy course numbered above 300, or with permission of instructor. HU
* PHIL 446b, Philosophy of Language: Situations and Events Zoltn Szab
Unification of event semantics and situation semantics. Questions about the underlying
metaphysics of the resulting theory. Prerequisites: a course in logic and an advanced
course in metaphysics or semantics. HU
Ethics and Value Theory

* PHIL 455a / EP&E 334a, Normative Ethics Shelly Kagan
A systematic examination of normative ethics, the part of moral philosophy that
attempts to articulate and defend the basic principles of morality. The course surveys
and explores some of the main normative factors relevant in determining the moral
status of a given act or policy (features that help make a given act right or wrong). Brief
consideration of some of the main views about the foundations of normative ethics (the
ultimate basis or ground for the various moral principles). Prerequisite: a course in
moral philosophy. HU
* PHIL 457b / EP&E 235b / PLSC 283b, Recent Work on Justice Thomas Pogge
* PHIL 463a / EP&E 276a / PLSC 292a, Rethinking Sovereignty, Human Rights, and
SO
* PHIL 471a, Moral Emotions Stephen Darwall
The role of emotions and attitudes in the moral life and in moral philosophy.
The nature of emotions such as shame, guilt, gratitude, love, and respect; related
phenomena such as empathy and sympathy. Emotions' relations to fundamental moral
concepts, as well as their epistemological role and capacity to ground moral judgments
and facts. WR, HU
Physics
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* PHIL 473b, Theories of the Good Shelly Kagan

What features make one outcome intrinsically better or worse than another from the
moral point of view? How are judgments of individual well-being to be combined
into an overall assessment of an outcome? Is virtue intrinsically valuable, or only
instrumentally so? Does the distribution of well-being matter, and if so, what makes an
outcome better or worse with regard to equality? What is the significance of people's
getting the particular level of well-being that they deserve? Prerequisite: a course in
philosophy, or with permission of instructor. HU
Tutorial and Senior Essay Courses

* PHIL 480a or b, Tutorial Kenneth Winkler
A reading course supervised by a member of the department and satisfying the
following conditions: (1) the work of the course must not be possible in an already
existing course; (2) the course must involve a substantial amount of writing, i.e., a
term essay or a series of short essays; (3) the student must meet with the instructor
regularly, normally for at least an hour a week; (4) the proposed course of study must
be approved by both the director of undergraduate studies and the instructor.
* PHIL 490a and PHIL 491b, The Senior Essay Kenneth Winkler
The essay, written under the supervision of a member of the department, should be
a substantial paper; a suggested length is between 8,000 and 12,000 words for oneterm projects, and between 12,500 and 15,000 words for two-term projects. Students
completing a one-term project should enroll in either 490 in the fall or 491 in the
spring. Students completing a two-term project should enroll in both 490 and 491. The
deadline for senior essays completed in the fall is December 5; the deadline for both
one- and two-term senior essays completed in the spring is April 20.
Graduate, Divinity, and Law School Courses that Count

toward the Major
Some Graduate, Divinity, and Law School courses are open to qualified undergraduates
with permission of the instructor and the director of graduate studies or the dean or
registrar of the Divinity or the Law School. (See "Courses in the Yale Graduate and
Professional Schools" in section K of the Academic Regulations.) With permission of
the director of undergraduate studies, relevant Graduate, Divinity, and Law School
courses may count toward the major. Course descriptions appear in the Graduate,
Divinity, and Law School bulletins.
Physics
Director of undergraduate studies: John Harris, 311 WL-W, 432-3601,
dus.physics@yale.edu; physics.yale.edu/academics/undergraduate-studies
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

Professors Charles Ahn, Yoram Alhassid, Thomas Appelquist, Charles Bailyn,
O. Keith Baker, Charles Baltay, Sean Barrett, Cornelius Beausang (Adjunct), Hui
Cao, Richard Chang (Emeritus), Paolo Coppi, David DeMille, Michel Devoret,
Bonnie Fleming, Paul Fleury, Moshe Gai (Adjunct), Marla Geha, Steven Girvin,
Leonid Glazman, John Harris, Karsten Heeger, Victor Henrich, Jay Hirshfield
(Adjunct), Jonathon Howard, Francesco Iachello, Steven Lamoreaux, Simon Mochrie,
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Vincent Moncrief, Priyamvada Natarajan, Peter Parker (Emeritus), Daniel Prober,

Nicholas Read, Jack Sandweiss (Emeritus), Robert Schoelkopf, Ramamurti Shankar,
Witold Skiba, A. Douglas Stone, Paul Tipton (Chair), John Tully, Thomas Ullrich
(Adjunct), C. Megan Urry, Pieter van Dokkum, John Wettlaufer, Michael Zeller
(Emeritus)
Associate Professors Helen Caines, Sarah Demers, Eric Dufresne, Thierry Emonet,
Walter Goldberger, Jack Harris, Sohrab Ismail-Beigi, Daisuke Nagai, Corey
O'Hern, Nikhil Padmanabhan, A. Elizabeth Rhoades, Hongxing Tang
Assistant Professors Murat Acar, Damon Clark, Liang Jiang, Reina Maruyama,
David Poland, Peter Rakich
Senior Lecturer Sidney Cahn
Lecturers Stephen Irons, Rona Ramos, Frank Robinson
Physics forms a foundation for all other sciences. The various undergraduate courses
and degree programs offered by the Physics department provide students with a
thorough preparation in physics for any career, as well as the general background in
physics that should be part of a liberal education. The department offers four different
introductory sequences and two degree programs. Also offered are introductory courses
that fulfill the science and quantitative reasoning distributional requirements and are
appropriate for nonscience majors. Combined majors are available in Mathematics
and Physics (p. 487), Astrophysics (p. 160), Physics and Philosophy (p. 561),
and Physics and Geosciences (p. 560). Applied Physics (p. 134) is a closely
related major.
Introductory courses with no calculus requirement Physics courses numbered 120
or below are for students with little or no previous experience in physics who do not
plan to major in the natural sciences. These courses have no college-level mathematics
requirement and do not satisfy the medical school requirement.
Introductory calculus-based lecture sequences
1. PHYS 170, 171 is for students with little background in physics and mathematics
who will probably not major in the physical sciences but who may be interested in
the medical and biological sciences. There is no mathematics prerequisite other than
high school mathematics, but MATH 112 and 115 should be taken concurrently.
2. PHYS 180, 181 is for students with some previous background in physics and
mathematics who plan to major in the physical sciences. Calculus at the level of
MATH 112 is a prerequisite; MATH 115 and 120 should be taken concurrently.
3. PHYS 200, 201 is for students with a strong background in mathematics and
physics who plan to major in the physical sciences. Calculus at the level of
MATH 115 is presumed. MATH 120 and either MATH 222 or 225 are typically taken
concurrently.
4. PHYS 260, 261 is intended for students who have had excellent training in and have
a flair for mathematical methods and quantitative analysis; a solid foundation in
Physics
553
physics is required. One of MATH 120, ENAS 151, PHYS 301, or MATH 230, 231 or
equivalent should be taken concurrently with PHYS 260, 261.
If students have the appropriate mathematics background, they are advised to take
a calculus-based physics course. Sir Isaac Newton developed calculus while trying
to describe the world around him; it is the natural language of physics. Students
enrolled in one of the calculus-based introductory courses will be invited to a series of
Chairman's Teas, which provide an opportunity to discuss topics on the frontiers of
physics with faculty and peers. Completion of a calculus-based course also prepares
students for the 340-level series of advanced physics electives, which cover special topics
of interest to both majors and nonmajors.
A guide to selecting physics courses (http://physics.yale.edu/academics/
undergraduate-studies/guide-introductory-physics-course) is available to aid in course
selection. PHYS 170, 180, 200, and 260 meet at the same time so that students are easily
able to change levels if necessary. Questions about placement should be addressed to
Introductory laboratories Two different introductory laboratory sequences are offered:
PHYS 165L, 166L, and PHYS 205L, 206L. Each of these laboratory courses earns onehalf course credit. Students normally take the laboratory courses associated with the
introductory physics sequence in which they are enrolled. Students should register for a
section of the appropriate laboratory course during the first week of classes by logging
onto Classes*v2 (http://classesv2.yale.edu).
1. PHYS 165L, 166L is an introductory laboratory for those students interested in
the biological sciences and medicine, but without a strong high school physics
laboratory preparation. Related lecture courses are PHYS 170, 171, and PHYS 180,
181.
2. PHYS 205L, 206L is for students who plan to major in the physical sciences.
Related lecture courses are PHYS 180, 181, PHYS 200, 201, and PHYS 260, 261.
Students who take the lecture courses in freshman year are advised to start this
laboratory sequence with PHYS 205L in the spring of freshman year or in the fall of
sophomore year.
Advanced electives A series of 340-level electives explores special topics of interest
to both majors and nonmajors. The electives are open to any student in Yale College
who has completed a year of introductory calculus-based physics (PHYS 170, 171, or
180, 181, or 200, 201, or 260, 261). The offerings for 20152016 include PHYS 342,
Introduction to Earth and Environmental Physics; PHYS 343, Gravity, Astrophysics,
and Cosmology; and PHYS 344, Quantum and Nanoscale Physics.
Major degree programs Two different majors are offered in Physics: the B.S. and the
B.S. with an intensive major. Students in either program acquire advanced training in
physics, mathematics, and related topics through the core courses. They use electives to
design individualized programs with more depth or breadth, depending on their needs
and interests. Both degree programs require research experience through PHYS 471 and
472one term for the B.S. degree and two terms for the B.S. degree with an intensive
major. Both programs are excellent preparation for a wide variety of postgraduate
activities, including professional school in business, law, or medicine; graduate school
554
in engineering or other sciences; or careers in business, consulting, financial services,

government service, or teaching.
The B.S. program with an intensive major is distinguished by depth of study in
advanced physics courses and prepares students to study physics or closely related
physical sciences in graduate school. The director of undergraduate studies can help
students in the B.S. program prepare for graduate school in physics by recommending
appropriate electives to supplement the core courses.
requirements of either major.
B.S. degree program The prerequisites are an introductory lecture course sequence
with a mathematics sequence equivalent to, or more advanced than, the corequisite
of the physics sequence. The following options are appropriate: PHYS 170, 171 with
MATH 112, 115; or PHYS 180, 181 with MATH 115, 120; or PHYS 200, 201 with
MATH 120 and either 225 or 222; or PHYS 260, 261 with MATH 120, ENAS 151,
PHYS 301, or MATH 230, 231 or equivalent. In addition, the laboratory sequence
PHYS 205L, 206L or PHYS 165L, 166L is required. Students who take these physics
and mathematics courses starting in their freshman year may satisfy the prerequisites
by the middle of their sophomore year. Students who begin taking physics courses in
their sophomore year may also complete either the standard or the intensive major.
Students are advised to take mathematics courses throughout their freshman year at the
appropriate level.
Eight courses are required beyond the prerequisites, including the senior project.
Students must take a mathematics course at the level of, or more advanced than,
PHYS 301. Three courses at the core of the major involve advanced study of
fundamental topics common to all branches of physics, and must be taken in order.
The first two, PHYS 401 and 402, pertain to advanced classical physics (mechanics,
statistical physics and thermodynamics, and electromagnetism), and the third,
APHY 439 or PHYS 440, covers quantum mechanics. Three advanced elective
courses are also required. Suitable advanced courses include the PHYS 340-level
electives, an advanced laboratory such as PHYS 382L, and 400-level courses in Physics.
Students may also find suitable advanced courses in other departments in the sciences,
engineering, and mathematics. Courses taken to satisfy these requirements must be
approved by the director of undergraduate studies. In order to pursue their individual
interests in sufficient depth, many students choose to take more than the required
number of advanced courses.
Senior requirement for the B.S. degree program The senior requirement for the
standard B.S. degree is fulfilled by receiving a passing grade on a one-term research
project in PHYS 471 or 472 or equivalent. Students should consult the director of
undergraduate studies for further information.
B.S. degree program, intensive major The prerequisites for the B.S. degree with
an intensive major are the same as for the standard program. Ten courses are
required beyond the prerequisites, including the senior project. Students must take
a mathematics course at the level of, or more advanced than, PHYS 301. Five courses
at the core of the major involve advanced study of fundamental topics common to
all branches of physics. Three of the courses pertain to advanced classical physics:
Physics
555
mechanics (PHYS 410), statistical physics and thermodynamics (PHYS 420), and
electromagnetism (PHYS 430). Two other courses incorporate quantum mechanics
(PHYS 440 and 441). These courses must be taken in order because the ideas build
progressively: PHYS 410 precedes 440, which precedes 441, 420, and 430.
Because experiment is at the heart of the discipline, the intensive major requires one
term of advanced laboratory (PHYS 382L or equivalent) and at least two terms of
independent research (PHYS 471, 472 or equivalent). One advanced elective course
is required to complete the program. Suitable advanced courses include the PHYS
340-level electives and 400-level courses in Physics. Students may also find suitable
advanced courses in other departments in the sciences, engineering, and mathematics.
Courses taken to satisfy these requirements must be approved by the director of
undergraduate studies. In order to pursue their individual interests in sufficient depth,
many students choose to take more than ten advanced courses.
Senior requirement for the B.S. degree program, intensive major The senior
requirement for the intensive major is fulfilled by receiving a passing grade on a twoterm research project in PHYS 471, 472 or equivalent. Students should consult the
director of undergraduate studies for further information.
Sequence of courses For both the standard B.S. degree and the B.S. degree with an
intensive major, students are advised to begin the program in their freshman year to
allow the greatest amount of flexibility in course selection. It is possible, however, to
complete either program in a total of six terms, as illustrated below.
A program for a student completing the Physics B.S. in three years might be:
Freshman or Sophomore
Sophomore or Junior
Senior
PHYS 170, 171, or 180, 181, or

200, 201, or 260, 261
PHYS 206L
APHY 439 or PHYS 440
PHYS 205L
PHYS 301
PHYS 471 or 472
Mathematics corequisites
PHYS 401
Two advanced electives
PHYS 402
One advanced elective
A program for a student completing the intensive major in three years might be:
Freshman or Sophomore
Sophomore or Junior
Senior
PHYS 170, 171, or 180, 181, or

200, 201, or 260, 261
PHYS 206L
PHYS 441
PHYS 205L
PHYS 301
PHYS 420
Mathematics corequisites
PHYS 410
PHYS 430
PHYS 440
PHYS 471
PHYS 382L
PHYS 472
One advanced elective
Approval of programs All Physics majors in the sophomore, junior, and senior
classes must have their programs approved by the director of undergraduate studies.
Freshmen and undeclared sophomores who are interested in Physics or related majors
556
are encouraged to meet with the director of undergraduate studies to discuss their
questions and proposed programs.

B.S. DEGREE
Prerequisites PHYS 170, 171, or 180, 181, or 200, 201, or 260, 261, with appropriate
math coreqs; PHYS 205L, 206L, or PHYS 165L, 166L
Specific courses required PHYS 301 or other advanced math course; PHYS 401, 402,
and either APHY 439 or PHYS 440, in sequence
Distribution of courses 3 advanced electives approved by DUS
Senior requirement PHYS 471 or 472 or equivalent
B.S. DEGREE, INTENSIVE MAJOR
Prerequisites PHYS 170, 171, or 180, 181, or 200, 201, or 260, 261, with appropriate
math coreqs; PHYS 205L, 206L, or PHYS 165L, 166L
Specific courses required PHYS 301 or other advanced math course; PHYS 410, 440,
441, 420, 430, in sequence; PHYS 382L
Distribution of courses 1 advanced elective approved by DUS
Senior requirement PHYS 471 and 472 or equivalent
Courses
* PHYS 112a, Practical Electronics Stephen Irons
Basic theory and practical applications of electricity and electronics, with an emphasis
on useful and creative applications. The basic laws of electricity, household electricity
and its generation, passive and active electrical components, simple circuit design, and
programmable microprocessors and the Arduino platform. Students design, build, and
analyze simple electronic devices. SC
* PHYS 115b / HUMS 455b / THST 115b, The Physics of Dance Sarah Demers
QR, HU, SC
* PHYS 120b, Quantum Physics and Beyond John Harris
Current topics in modern physics, beginning with quantum physics and continuing
through subatomic physics, special and general relativity, cosmology, astrophysics, and
string theory. SC
Physics
557
PHYS 165La and PHYS 166Lb, General Physics Laboratory Staff

A variety of individually self-contained experiments are roughly coordinated with the
lectures in PHYS 170, 171, and 180, 181 and illustrate and develop physical principles
covered in those lectures. SC Course cr per term
* PHYS 170a and PHYS 171b, University Physics for the Life Sciences Staff
An introduction to classical physics with special emphasis on applications drawn from
the life sciences and medicine. Fall-term topics include vectors, kinematics, Newton's
laws of motion, oscillations and waves, gravitation, elasticity, statics, diffusion, fluids,
and thermodynamics. Spring-term topics include electricity and magnetism, circuits,
light and optics, sound, and modern physics. Essential calculus is introduced as needed.
Concurrently with MATH 112, 115. See comparison of introductory sequences and
laboratories in the YCPS. QR, SC
PHYS 180a and PHYS 181b, University Physics Staff
A broad introduction to classical and modern physics for students who have some
previous preparation in physics and mathematics. Fall-term topics include Newtonian
mechanics, gravitation, waves, and thermodynamics. Spring-term topics include
electromagnetism, optics, special relativity, and quantum physics. Concurrently with
MATH 115 and 120 or equivalents. See comparison of introductory sequences and
laboratories in the YCPS. May not be taken for credit after PHYS 170, 171. QR, SC
PHYS 200a and PHYS 201b, Fundamentals of Physics Helen Caines and Francis
Robinson
A thorough introduction to the principles and methods of physics for students who
have good preparation in physics and mathematics. Emphasis on problem solving and
quantitative reasoning. Fall-term topics include Newtonian mechanics, special relativity,
gravitation, thermodynamics, and waves. Spring-term topics include electromagnetism,
geometrical and physical optics, and elements of quantum mechanics. Prerequisite:
MATH 115 or equivalent. See comparison of introductory sequences and laboratories in
the YCPS. QR, SC
PHYS 205La or b and PHYS 206La or b, Modern Physical Measurement Karsten
Heeger and Staff
A two-term sequence of experiments in classical and modern physics for students who
plan to major in Physics. In the first term, the basic principles of mechanics, electricity,
and magnetism are illustrated in experiments designed to make use of computer data
handling and teach error analysis. In the second term, students plan and carry out
experiments illustrating aspects of wave and quantum phenomena and of atomic, solid
state, and nuclear physics using modern instrumentation. May be begun in either term.
SC Course cr per term
* PHYS 260a and PHYS 261b, Intensive Introductory Physics Charles Baltay
The major branches of physicsclassical and relativistic dynamics, gravitation,
electromagnetism, heat and thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, quantum physics
at a sophisticated level. For students majoring in the physical sciences, Mathematics,
and Philosophy who have excellent training in and a flair for mathematical methods
and quantitative analysis. Concurrently with MATH 230 and 231, or PHYS 301, or
equivalent. QR, SC
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PHYS 295a / ASTR 255a, Research Methods in Astrophysics Hector Arce

The acquisition and analysis of astrophysical data, including the design and use
of ground- and space-based telescopes, computational manipulation of digitized
images and spectra, and confrontation of data with theoretical models. Examples
taken from current research at Yale and elsewhere. Use of the Python programming
language. Includes an optional field trip during October recess to the Arecibo 300meter radio telescope. A background in high school calculus and physics. No previous
programming experience required. QR, SC RP
PHYS 301a, Introduction to Mathematical Methods of Physics Oliver Baker
Topics include multivariable calculus, linear algebra, complex variables, vector calculus,
and differential equations. Designed to give accelerated access to 400-level courses
by providing, in one term, the essential background in mathematical methods.
Recommended to be taken concurrently with PHYS 401 or 410. Prerequisite: PHYS 170,
171, or 180, 181, or 200, 201, or 260, 261, or permission of instructor. QR
PHYS 343b / ASTR 343b, Gravity, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Priyamvada
Natarajan
In-depth discussion of the physics underlying several recent discoveries in astrophysics
and cosmology, including extrasolar planets, black holes, and the accelerating universe.
Prerequisite: PHYS 170, 171, or 180, 181, or 200, 201, or 260, 261, or permission of
instructor. QR, SC
* PHYS 356b / ASTR 356b, Astrostatistics and Data Mining Hector Arce
Introduction to the statistical tools used to analyze and interpret astrophysical data,
including common data mining techniques for finding patterns in large data sets and
data-based prediction methods. Use of publicly available high-quality astronomical
data from large surveys such as SDSS and 2MASS, and from space-based observatories
such as Spitzer, Herschel, and WISE. Coding with the Python programming language.
Prerequisite: ASTR 255 or equivalent.
* PHYS 382Lb, Advanced Physics Laboratory Steve Lamoreaux
Laboratory experiments with some discussion of theory and techniques. An advanced
course focusing on modern experimental methods and concepts in atomic, optical,
nuclear, and condensed matter physics. Intended to prepare students for independent
research. For majors in the physical sciences. Prerequisite: PHYS 206L. After or
concurrently with PHYS 439 or 440, or with permission of instructor. SC
PHYS 401a and PHYS 402b, Advanced Classical Physics from Newton to Einstein
Ramamurti Shankar
Advanced physics as the field developed from the time of Newton to the age of
Einstein. Topics include mechanics, electricity and magnetism, statistical physics,
and thermodynamics. The development of classical physics into a "mature" scientific
discipline, an idea that was subsequently shaken to the core by the revolutionary
discoveries of quantum physics and relativity. Prerequisite: PHYS 170, 171, or 180, 181,
or 200, 201, or 260, 261. Concurrently with PHYS 301 or other advanced mathematics
course. QR, SC
PHYS 410a, Classical Mechanics Witold Skiba
An advanced treatment of mechanics, with a focus on the methods of Lagrange and
Hamilton. Lectures and problems address the mechanics of particles, systems of
particles, and rigid bodies, as well as free and forced oscillations. Introduction to chaos
Physics
559
and special relativity. Prerequisite: PHYS 170, 171, or 180, 181, or 200, 201, or 260, 261.
Concurrently with PHYS 301 or other advanced mathematics course. QR, SC
* PHYS 420a, Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics A. Douglas Stone
An introduction to the laws of thermodynamics and their theoretical explanation
by statistical mechanics. Applications to gases, solids, phase equilibrium, chemical
equilibrium, and boson and fermion systems. Prerequisites: PHYS 301 and 410 or
equivalents. QR, SC
PHYS 428a / AMTH 428a / E&EB 428a / G&G 428a, Science of Complex Systems
Jun Korenaga
PHYS 430b, Electromagnetic Fields and Optics Francesco Iachello
Electrostatics, magnetic fields of steady currents, electromagnetic waves, and relativistic
dynamics. Provides a working knowledge of electrodynamics. Prerequisites: PHYS 301
and 410 or equivalents. QR, SC
PHYS 440b, Quantum Mechanics and Natural Phenomena I Witold Skiba
The first term of a two-term sequence covering principles of quantum mechanics with
examples of applications to atomic physics. The solution of bound-state eigenvalue
problems, free scattering states, barrier penetration, the hydrogen-atom problem,
perturbation theory, transition amplitudes, scattering, and approximation techniques.
Prerequisite: PHYS 410 or 401. QR, SC
PHYS 441a, Quantum Mechanics and Natural Phenomena II Daisuke Nagai
Continuation of PHYS 440. Prerequisite: PHYS 440. QR, SC
PHYS 442b, Introduction to Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics Bonnie
Fleming
Fundamental concepts in nuclear and particle physics, including the discovery of
radioactivity, the Dirac equation, antimatter, Feynman diagrams, hadron resonances,
quarks and gluons, fundamental symmetries, the weak interaction, beta decay, quantum
chromodynamics, neutrino oscillation, unification, and particle theories for dark matter.
Prerequisite: two term courses in quantum mechanics. QR, SC
PHYS 448a / APHY 448a, Solid-State Physics I Victor Henrich
The first term of a two-term sequence covering the principles underlying the electrical,
thermal, magnetic, and optical properties of solids, including crystal structure,
phonons, energy bands, semiconductors, Fermi surfaces, magnetic resonances, phase
transitions, dielectrics, magnetic materials, and superconductors. Prerequisites: APHY
322, 439, PHYS 420. QR, SC
PHYS 460a, Mathematical Methods of Physics Nicholas Read
Survey of mathematical techniques useful in physics. Physical examples illustrate
vector and tensor analysis, group theory, complex analysis (residue calculus, method of
steepest descent), differential equations and Green's functions, and selected advanced
topics. Prerequisite: PHYS 301 or other advanced mathematics course. QR
560
* PHYS 471a and PHYS 472b, Independent Projects in Physics Staff

Each student works on an independent project under the supervision of a member
of the faculty or research staff. Students participate in a series of seminar meetings in
which they present a talk on their project or research related to it. A written report is
also submitted. For students with a strong background in Physics course work. RP
Physics and Geosciences

Directors of undergraduate studies: John Harris (Physics), 311 WL-W, 432-3601,
dus.physics@yale.edu; David Bercovici (Geology and Geophysics), 305 KGL, 432-3168,
david.bercovici@yale.edu
The major in Physics and Geosciences applies fundamental physical principles to the
study of Earth and other planetary bodies at a level that is more intensive than in the
Physics or Geology and Geophysics majors individually. Topics of interest range from
atmosphere, ocean, and climate dynamics to physics of the solid Earth or of other
planetary bodies.
Prerequisites The prerequisites for the major include MATH 120 or its equivalent,
PHYS 170, 171 or another introductory physics sequence, the associated physics
laboratory sequence PHYS 205L, 206L, and a course in ordinary differential equations
chosen from ENAS 194, MATH 246, or PHYS 301.
Requirements of the major Beyond the prerequisites, the major requires a minimum
of twelve term courses, including the senior project. At least four of these courses must
be in Physics and at least six must be in Geology and Geophysics. Students complete a
two- or three-term advanced physics sequence: either PHYS 401 and 402, or PHYS 410,
420, and 430. They must also take basic quantum mechanics (PHYS 439) and one
elective numbered PHYS 320 or above. Required courses in Geology and Geophysics
include one introductory course numbered G&G 100150, with any accompanying
laboratory; one elective numbered G&G 200 or above; and four advanced electives from
one of two Geology and Geophysics tracks: the Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate track
or the Solid Earth Science track. A list of suggested electives is available from the office
of the director of undergraduate studies in Geology and Geophysics or on the G&G
departmental Web site (http://earth.yale.edu). No elective course may count toward
multiple requirements for the major.
Senior requirement Students complete a two-term senior project on a topic that is
appropriate for the combined major and acceptable to both the Physics and Geology
and Geophysics departments. The project is undertaken in either PHYS 471, 472 or
G&G 490, 491. In addition, students must present an oral report on their project to each
department.
Credit/D/Fail courses No course taken Credit/D/Fail may be counted toward the
Physics and Geosciences major, including prerequisites.
Advising Interested students should consult the directors of undergraduate studies in
Physics and in Geology and Geophysics.

Prerequisites MATH 120 or equivalent; PHYS 170, 171 or above; PHYS 205L, 206L;
ENAS 194, MATH 246, or PHYS 301
Physics and Philosophy
561
Number of courses At least 12 courses beyond prereqs, incl senior req

Specific courses required PHYS 401 and 402, or PHYS 410, 420, and 430; PHYS 439
Distribution of courses 1 elective numbered PHYS 320 or above; 1 intro course in
G&G, with lab, as specified; 1 elective course numbered G&G 200 or above; 4
advanced courses in a G&G track, as specified
Senior requirement Senior project in PHYS 471, 472 or G&G 490, 491, on topic
acceptable to both depts; oral report on project to both depts
Physics and Philosophy

Directors of undergraduate studies: John Harris (Physics), 311 WL-W, 432-3601,
dus.physics@yale.edu; Kenneth Winkler (Philosophy), 406A C, 432-1679,
kenneth.winkler@yale.edu
Prospective majors in Physics and Philosophy are advised to begin taking the
prerequisites during their freshman year, and to take at least two of the required
Philosophy courses by the end of their sophomore year. Prerequisites for this major are
as follows: mathematics through calculus at the level of MATH 120; any introductory
Physics lecture sequence numbered 170 or higher; PHYS 165L and 166L, or 205L and
206L; one introductory Philosophy course.
Beyond the prerequisites, students take fourteen term courses, including the senior
requirement. Seven courses in Physics approved by the director of undergraduate
studies and numbered 301 or higher are required, including PHYS 301 or equivalent and
either PHYS 439 or 440. Six courses in Philosophy or in History of Science, Medicine,
and Public Health are required, including PHIL 125 and 126, one course in logic above
the introductory level, and a Philosophy seminar selected with the approval of the
directors of undergraduate studies.
Senior requirement Seniors must complete one of the following: (1) PHYS 471 or 472
(independent project); (2) PHIL 490 or 491 (senior essay); (3) PHIL 480 (tutorial) in
an appropriate subject; (4) an appropriate Philosophy seminar with the approval of the
director of undergraduate studies in Philosophy.

Prerequisites MATH 120; PHYS 170, 171, or 180, 181, or 200, 201, or 260, 261;
PHYS 165L, 166L, or 205L, 206L; 1 intro Phil course
Distribution of courses 7 Physics courses numbered 301 or higher approved by DUS;
6 courses in Phil or HSHM, incl 1 in logic above intro level and a Phil sem, as
specified
Specific courses required PHYS 301 or equivalent; PHYS 439 or 440; PHIL 125, 126
Senior requirement 1 from PHYS 471 or 472, PHIL 490 or 491, PHIL 480 on
appropriate topic, or approved Phil sem
Political Science
Director of undergraduate studies: David Simon, 115 Prospect St., 432-5236,
david.simon@yale.edu; politicalscience.yale.edu/academics/about-undergraduateprogram
562
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Professors Bruce Ackerman, Akhil Amar, Seyla Benhabib, David Cameron, Bryan
Garsten, Alan Gerber, Jacob Hacker, Oona Hathaway, Jolyon Howorth (Visiting),
Gregory Huber, Stathis Kalyvas, Joseph LaPalombara (Emeritus), David Mayhew
(Emeritus), Douglas Rae, John Roemer, Susan Rose-Ackerman, Frances Rosenbluth,
Bruce Russett (Emeritus), Nicholas Sambanis, James Scott, Ian Shapiro, Stephen
Skowronek, Steven Smith, Susan Stokes, Alec Stone Sweet, Peter Swenson, John
Wargo, Steven Wilkinson (Chair), Elisabeth Wood
Associate Professors Alexandre Debs, Susan Hyde, Hlne Landemore, Jason Lyall,
Karuna Mantena, Andrew March, Nuno Monteiro, Ana De La O, Vesla Weaver
Assistant Professors Peter Aronow, Kate Baldwin, Deborah Beim, Allan Dafoe, Samuel
DeCanio, John Henderson, Eitan Hersh, Sigrun Kahl, Adria Lawrence, Margaret Peters,
Kelly Rader, Thania Sanchez, Tariq Thachil
Lecturers Daniela Cammack, Alexandra Dufresne, Nicoli Nattrass, David Rueda, Inga
Saikkonen, Jeremy Seekings, David Simon, James Sleeper
Advising Students majoring in Political Science are expected to have a member of
the Political Science faculty as an adviser. Once a year, students are asked to identify
an adviser in their substantive field of interest. The fields of interest of the faculty are
listed on the departmental Web site (http://politicalscience.yale.edu/people/faculty).
For majors having difficulty identifying an appropriate adviser, one or more members
of the faculty will be suggested by the department. Students are also encouraged to
seek advice from the department's residential college faculty representatives as well
as from other members of the department who are knowledgeable about their fields
of interest. Majors must secure written approval of their course selections each term
from the director of undergraduate studies. All subsequent changes in a student's major
program must also be approved.
Students are urged to take the initiative in shaping a coherent program suited to their
interests, and they should also consult frequently with their adviser. The director
of undergraduate studies and other members of the department can provide advice
about departmental requirements, options within the major, requirements of two
majors, study abroad, and other matters related to the major. Additional information on
advising can be found on the departmental Web site (http://politicalscience.yale.edu/
academics/undergraduate-program/advising).
The standard program Twelve term courses in political science are required. Students
must take at least two courses in each of any three of the department's five fields
international relations, American government, political philosophy, analytical political
theory, and comparative government. Students expecting to major in Political Science
should take one or more introductory-level courses in the department early in their
college careers. Introductory courses count toward the overall course requirement and
toward the departmental fields requirement.
Students are encouraged to take courses related to political science that are offered by
other departments. Students who elect the standard program may petition to count up
to two such courses toward the major. Students may routinely count college seminars
taught by members of the Political Science faculty toward the major, and they may
Political Science
563
petition to count one college seminar taught by an instructor outside the department.
Students who have completed Directed Studies may, with the approval of the director
of undergraduate studies, count one term of DRST 005, 006 toward the major.
Senior requirement Students majoring in Political Science are required to take at least
two seminars taught by members of the Political Science department, including at least
one during the senior year. Seniors in the major must also complete a senior essay, as
described under "Senior essay" below. The essay can be written either in one term or
over both terms of the senior year. In order to graduate from Yale College, a student
majoring in Political Science must achieve a passing grade on the senior essay.
Credit/D/Fail Students may count up to two lecture courses taken Credit/D/Fail
toward the major.
Seminar preregistration Each term, the department provides all declared majors
the opportunity to apply for preregistration to its seminars. Instructors of seminars
may preregister up to twelve students per course, or up to eight students for courses
multiple-titled with other programs. The maximum enrollment for each seminar is
eighteen. Students may be preregistered for up to two seminars per term. For fall-term
seminar preregistration, an initial notice is sent to all majors in July; for spring-term
preregistration, the notice is sent in November. Only students who are declared Political
Science majors at the time the notice is sent are eligible to participate.
Senior essay The senior essay provides an appropriate intellectual culmination to the
student's work in the major and in Yale College. The essay should ordinarily be written
on a topic in an area in which the student has previously done course work. It should
rest on extensive research that is appropriate to the subject matter. Essays are expected
to be in the range of twenty-five to thirty double-spaced pages. At the beginning of the
term in which the essay is written, students must have their senior essay topic approved
by a faculty member who has agreed to advise them. Each student is expected to consult
regularly with the seminar instructor or adviser and take the initiative in developing a
plan of research, scheduling regular meetings, and submitting preliminary drafts for
review.
One-term essays may be written either in a seminar or, with the approval of an adviser
and the director of undergraduate studies, in PLSC 480, One-Term Senior Essay. Senior
essays written in the fall term are due on December 11, 2015. Spring-term and yearlong
essays are due on April 27, 2016. More extensive information about the senior essay can
be found on the departmental Web site (http://politicalscience.yale.edu/academics/
undergraduate-program/undergraduate-senior-essay).
The yearlong senior essay Students who wish to undertake a more extensive research
project than is possible in a single term may fulfill the senior essay requirement by
enrolling in the yearlong course sequence PLSC 490, The Senior Colloquium, and 491,
The Senior Essay. PLSC 490 also counts toward the senior seminar requirement. In
the fall term, students writing a yearlong senior essay develop a research prospectus
for the essay and begin their research under the supervision of a member of the faculty
who specializes in the area being investigated. In the spring term, students complete the
essay. Yearlong senior essays are expected to be substantially longer than a regular term
paper. While there is no fixed length, they are normally fifty to sixty pages long.
564
Majors who wish to enroll in the yearlong senior essay must apply for admission in the
spring of their junior year. The deadline for the Class of 2017 is April 1, 2016. By that
date, students should submit to the office of the director of undergraduate studies: (1)
the yearlong senior essay prospectus form signed by a faculty adviser who has agreed
to supervise the student during both terms of the senior year; and (2) a one-to-twopage statement describing the research project. It is expected that no more than fifteen
students will be admitted each year.
The major with an interdisciplinary concentration Students majoring in Political
Science may choose an interdisciplinary concentration, which allows them to identify
and pursue an area of study that crosses conventional disciplinary and departmental
boundaries. Examples of interdisciplinary concentrations are urban studies, health
politics and policy, political economy, political psychology, and global affairs. Students
choosing such a concentration are required to take twelve term courses toward the
major. At least seven courses must be in the field of concentration. Of the courses
counting toward the major outside of the field of concentration, at least two courses
must be taken in each of any two of the department's five fields. As many as three
courses taken in other departments may be counted toward the major, with the
permission of the director of undergraduate studies. The senior requirement is the
same as for the standard program, with the proviso that the essay must be written on a
subject that falls within the field of concentration.
Students wishing to pursue the Political Science major with an interdisciplinary
concentration must submit an application and meet with the director of undergraduate
studies to discuss their proposed program of study. The application is due prior to the
beginning of the November recess in the student's final year of enrollment.
The intensive major The intensive major gives students an opportunity to undertake
more extensive course work and research for the senior essay than is possible in the
standard major. Requirements for the intensive major are identical to those for the
nonintensive major (standard program or interdisciplinary concentration), with the
following exceptions: (1) in the spring term of the junior year, intensive majors take
PLSC 474, Directed Reading and Research for Junior Intensive Majors, in preparation
for writing a yearlong senior essay; (2) in the senior year, intensive majors fulfill the
senior essay requirement by enrolling in the yearlong course sequence PLSC 490, The
Senior Colloquium, and PLSC 493, Senior Essay for Intensive Majors (PLSC 490 also
counts toward the senior seminar requirement); (3) a total of fifteen term courses is
required.
Juniors wishing to pursue an intensive major must apply to the director of
undergraduate studies by November 13, 2015. The application should contain: (1)
the intensive major application form signed by a faculty adviser who has agreed to
supervise the student for the final three terms of enrollment; (2) a plan of study that
identifies the political science courses that will be taken in those three terms; and (3) a
one-to-two-page description of the proposed senior essay.
Study abroad Students who study in a Junior Term Abroad program or at another
university during the summer may, with the approval of the director of undergraduate
studies, count up to two courses toward the major. Students who study in a Junior Year
Political Science
565
Abroad program may, with the approval of the director of undergraduate studies, count
up to four courses toward the major.
degrees after eight terms of enrollment. See "Simultaneous Award of the Bachelor's and
Master's Degrees" under Special Arrangements (p. 65) in the Academic Regulations
(p. 33). Interested students should consult the director of undergraduate studies prior
to the sixth term of enrollment for specific requirements in Political Science.
B.A. DEGREE, STANDARD PROGRAM
Prerequisites None
Distribution of courses 2 courses in each of 3 of the 5 departmental fields
Substitution permitted 2 courses from other depts with DUS approval
Senior requirement 2 sems, 1 in senior year, and 1-term senior essay in sem or in
PLSC 480; or 1 sem as specified and 2-term senior essay in PLSC 490, 491
Intensive major PLSC 474; 2 courses in each of 3 of the 5 departmental fields; 1 sem as
specified and 2-term senior essay in PLSC 490, 493
B.A. DEGREE, INTERDISCIPLINARY CONCENTRATION
Prerequisites None
Distribution of courses 7 courses in concentration; 2 courses in each of 2 of the 5
departmental fields; max of 3 courses from other depts with DUS approval
Senior requirement 2 sems, 1 in senior year, and 1-term senior essay in sem or in
PLSC 480; or 1 sem as specified and 2-term senior essay in PLSC 490, 491
Intensive major PLSC 474; 7 courses in concentration; 2 courses in each of 2 of the 5
departmental fields; 1 sem as specified and 2-term senior essay in PLSC 490, 493
* PLSC 025b / ENGL 011b, Lincoln in Thought and Action David Bromwich
PLSC 111a, Introduction to International Relations Staff
Key questions and issues in international relations, including both the evolution of the
international system over the last century and topics in contemporary world politics.
Causes and conduct of war, sources of order, the emergence of new actors, the spread of
norms, and evolution of the global economy. SO
PLSC 113a, Introduction to American Politics Rachel Silbermann
Introduction to American national government. The Constitution, American political
culture, civil rights, Congress, the executive, political parties, public opinion, interest
groups, the media, social movements, and the policy-making process. SO
566
PLSC 114a, Introduction to Political Philosophy Bryan Garsten

Fundamental issues in contemporary politics investigated through reflection on
classic texts in the history of political thought. Emphasis on topics linked to modern
constitutional democracies, including executive power, representation, and political
parties. Readings from Plato, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Madison and
Hamilton, Lincoln, and Tocqueville, in addition to recent articles on contemporary
issues. SO
PLSC 116b, Comparative Politics: States, Regimes, and Conflict Adria Lawrence
Introduction to the study of politics and political life in the world outside the United
States. State formation and nationalism, the causes and consequences of democracy,
the functioning of authoritarian regimes, social movements and collective action, and
violence. SO
PLSC 118b, The Moral Foundations of Politics Ian Shapiro
An introduction to contemporary discussions about the foundations of political
argument. Emphasis on the relations between political theory and policy debate (e.g.,
social welfare provision and affirmative action). Readings from Bentham, Mill, Marx,
Burke, Rawls, Nozick, and others. SO
International Relations
* PLSC 122b / EP&E 285b, Humanitarian Intervention Jolyon Howorth
Analysis of Western intervention in humanitarian crises since the end of the Cold War.
Case studies from Kurdistan, Somalia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, Ivory Coast,
Libya, and Mali. Reasons for nonintervention in Rwanda, Darfur, and Syria. Ethics
of the humanitarian dimension; politics of coalitions of the willing; the material
dimension of interest; the effectiveness of humanitarian intervention in achieving its
stated objectives. SO
PLSC 128b / GLBL 247b, Development under Fire Jason Lyall
experiments. SO
PLSC 129a, Introduction to International Law Thania Sanchez
Introduction to the field of public international law. Human rights, humanitarian law,
use of force, and environmental law. International law as a tool of statecraft. SO
* PLSC 133a, Causes of War Allan Dafoe
Examination of social, symbolic, and psychological aspects of international relations,
with emphasis on the roles of perception and reputation in militarized conflict. Topics
include deterrence, honor, prestige, signaling, audience costs, and international law.
Rationalist, psychological, and cultural perspectives. Some attention to research design.
SO
Political Science
567
* PLSC 135b, Media and Conflict Graeme Wood

The theory and practice of reporting on international conflict and war, and its relation
to political discourse in the United States and abroad. Materials include case studies of
media coverage of war in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East.
PLSC 143a, International Challenges of the Twenty-First Century Jolyon Howorth
Challenges facing the global community as it undergoes a power transition with the
relative decline of the West and the emergence of powers such as China, India, and
Brazil. Natural challenges such as demography, climate, and energy security; systemic
issues related to the balance of power, economic crises, and trade globalization; new
threats, including rogue states, terrorism, and WMD proliferation; regional challenges
in Asia, Ukraine/Crimea, the Middle East, and Africa. SO
PLSC 148b, Theories, Practices, and Politics of Human Rights David Simon
Introduction to core human-rights issues, ideas, practices, and controversies. The
concept of human rights as a philosophical construct, a legal instrument, a political
tool, an approach to economic and equity issues, a social agenda, and an international
locus of contestation and legitimation. Required for students in the Human Rights
Undergraduate Scholars program. SO
* PLSC 152a / EP&E 245a, Global Firms and National Governments Joseph
LaPalombara
* PLSC 154b, Gypsies, Tramps, and Thieves Alec Stone Sweet
How groups who have chosen to live outside, or on the margins of, society govern
themselves through construction and maintenance of a defining culture, law, and
methods of dispute resolution. Cases studies include the Roma in Europe, hoboes and
other transient workers in North America, pirates in the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries, and the Sicilian Mafia. SO
PLSC 156a, International Organizations Susan Hyde
The role international organizations play in solving global problems of political
economy, security, development, human rights, democracy promotion, and the
environment. Debates over the effects and relative importance of international
organizations in world politics, using international relations theory, case studies, and
history of specific issue areas. SO
PLSC 165b, International Security Matthew Kocher
An introduction to international security. General theories of state interests and
behavior; the causes, conduct, and regulation of violence among nations. SO
PLSC 172b, Strategy, Technology, and War Paul Bracken
International relations, management, and economics used to analyze multipolarity
and instability in a second nuclear age. Emphasis on the impact of technological
innovation, i.e., nuclear proliferation, advanced conventional weapons, drones,
cyberwar, intelligence analytics and surveillance, and financial warfare. The evolving
568
relationship of Silicon Valley to the Pentagon and NSA, including its impact on grand
strategy, technology, and conflict. Relevant high-tech developments in other countries,
e.g., China, India, and Israel. SO
PLSC 176a / HIST 261a, The Cold War John Gaddis
* PLSC 183b / EP&E 259b, Europe, the United States, and the Iraq Crisis Jolyon
Howorth
Examination of the contrasting relations between the main European powers and the
United States in their approaches to Iraq in order to understand the divisions attending
the 2003 war and the subsequent transfer of sovereignty. Topics include the Iran-Iraq
War (198088), the first Persian Gulf crisis (199091), the sanctions regime (1991
2002), problems of peacekeeping and nation building, and the Obama exit strategy. SO
PLSC 191b / PHIL 180b, Ethics and International Affairs Thomas Pogge
Moral reflection taken beyond state boundaries. Traditional questions about
state conduct and international relations as well as more recent questions about
intergovernmental agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and the design of global
institutional arrangements. HU
American Government
* PLSC 202a / EP&E 466a, Children's Law and Policy Alexandra Dufresne
Major themes and controversies in children's law and policy in the United States.
Topics include juvenile justice, child abuse and neglect, special education, and the
rights of immigrant and refugee children. Development of skills in legal reasoning,
analysis, and policy design. Priority to junior and senior majors in Ethics, Politics, and
Economics and in Political Science. SO
* PLSC 210a, Political Preferences and American Political Behavior Greg Huber
Introduction to research methods and topics in American political behavior. Focus on
decision making from the perspective of ordinary citizens. Topics include utility theory,
heuristics and biases, political participation, retrospective voting, the consequences of
political ignorance, the effects of campaigns, and the ability of voters to hold politicians
accountable for their actions. SO
* PLSC 212a / EP&E 390a / EVST 212a, Democracy and Sustainability Michael Fotos
* PLSC 217a, U.S. National Elections Eitan Hersh
An investigation of electoral realignments, voting for president and Congress, voter
turnout, incumbency advantage, nominations, and campaign finance. SO
PLSC 218b / ECON 275b, Public Economics Ebonya Washington
The role of government in the economy and in our economic lives. Reasons for
government intervention in the market economy and the impact of government
Political Science
569
expenditure programs and taxation systems on welfare and behavior. Tools of

microeconomics applied to issues such as government response to global warming,
the impact of redistribution and social insurance on individual behavior, school choice,
social security vs. private retirement savings accounts, and government vs. private
health insurance. After introductory microeconomics. SO
* PLSC 220b / WGSS 220b, Women and U.S. Politics Rachel Silbermann
The role of women in current U.S. political processes and institutions. Whether
American women and men differ in their political opinions and behavior. Differences in
leadership between women and men as legislators, executives, and judges. Why women
continue to be underrepresented as officeholders despite their voting at a rate equal to
or higher than men's. SO
* PLSC 225a, Policing in America Dean Esserman
Examination of major innovations in policing over the past three decades. The effects of
these changes on crime control and public safety; the extent to which new approaches
have been implemented in police departments; dilemmas these approaches have
created for police management. Analysis of critical issues that persist in the profession,
including race, the use of force, and police deviance. SO
* PLSC 227a / EP&E 310a, Refugee Law and Policy Alexandra Dufresne
* PLSC 228b, The State and American Foreign Policy Samuel DeCanio
Theoretical and historical questions regarding U.S. foreign policy. The nature of the
state, the sources of foreign policy, the causes of war, and the nature of international
relations. American involvement in conflicts such as World War I and World War II;
ways in which war has influenced military power and American state authority. SO
* PLSC 232a, Information, Technology, and Political Power Eitan Hersh
The role of information in the political process. Effects on politics of information
generated through new and old technologies; the decision-making processes of voters,
mass mobilizers, and government reformers, as well as elite political actors such as
campaign operatives, bureaucrats, and members of Congress; political and moral issues
related to information flows, including privacy, innovation, and collective action. SO
* PLSC 235a, Political Journalism and Public Policy Derek Slap
The effects of political journalism on American public policy from 1960 to the present.
Focus on changes in the media during the past few decades. The Dewey-Lippmann
debate on the role journalism should play in politics, marketing in the 1968 presidential
campaign, broadcast news and audience fragmentation in the 1970s, media dysfunction
and the Clinton and Obama health care initiatives, the Internet, hyperpartisanship,
media bias, and recent gun control initiatives. SO
* PLSC 236b, Presidential Campaigns and the Media Walter Shapiro
The intersection of two institutions in the midst of major transformationsthe political
campaign industry and the news business. Presidential campaign coverage during the
last third of the twentieth century; the beleaguered economic structure of the news
business in the twenty-first century; media coverage of the 2008 and 2012 presidential
570
races, with emphasis on how campaigns adapted to the changed news landscape and to
new ways of communicating with voters. SO
* PLSC 241b / SOCY 365b, The Making of Political News Matthew Mahler
The processes through which political news gets made. How the form and content of
political news are shaped in and through the ongoing relationships between political
operatives and journalists; ways in which these actors attempt to structure and
restructure such relationships to their benefit. SO
* PLSC 244a / EP&E 324a, Journalism, Liberalism, Democracy James Sleeper
The news media's role in configuring the democratic public sphere, from the early
synergy of print capitalism and liberalism through the corporate consolidation of mass
media and the recent fragmentation and fluidity of "news." Classical-humanist and
civic-republican responses to these trends. SO
* PLSC 245a / AFAM 268a, Urban Politics and Policy Cynthia Horan
revitalization. SO
PLSC 248a, Political Economy of Health Care Peter Swenson
Political and economic factors that have influenced efforts to achieve quality, economy,
and equality in the delivery of American health care since the early twentieth century;
some attention to international comparisons. Medical licensing; drug regulation;
malpractice law; provider payment and care management; guaranteed health insurance;
emergence of the private, employer-based insurance system; recent legislative actions
and controversies concerning the quality and cost-effectiveness of health care.
Recommended preparation: introductory microeconomics. SO
PLSC 249b, Introduction to Public Opinion Samuel DeCanio
Public opinion in democratic societies. Voter ignorance, representation, elite
manipulation of public opinion, and attitude formation. SO
* PLSC 250b / ARCH 347b / EP&E 426b, Infrastructure: Politics and Design Elihu
Rubin
* PLSC 253a or b / ENGL 467a or b, Journalism Staff
An intensive workshop in the journalism profession and its changing role and
accelerating challenges. Definitions of journalism; the role of journalism in a democracy
and a free market; differences between information, news, vicarious news, and
entertainment; knowing and telling a good story; the structure of newspaper articles,
blogs, online newspapers and magazines, mixed digital media, magazine features,
television reports, and nonfiction books; interviewing techniques; fairness; sourcing;
the economics of journalism; and audience. Fulfills the core seminar requirement for
Yale Journalism Scholars. No prerequisites. WR
Political Science
571
* PLSC 256b / EP&E 248b, American Political Institutions Michael Fotos

The origins and development of American political institutions, especially in relation to
how institutions shape the policy process. Issues of temporality, policy feedback, and
policy substance. SO
PLSC 257b, Bioethics and Law Stephen Latham
The treatment by American law of major issues in contemporary biomedical ethics:
informed consent, assisted reproduction, abortion, end-of-life care, research on
human subjects, stem cell research, and public health law. Readings include legal cases,
statutes, and regulations. No background in law assumed. SO
* PLSC 265a, Classics of Political Journalism John Stoehr
The history of political writing by American journalists, with emphasis on lasting
works of literature. Ways that journalists have represented the political process;
narratives that have come and gone over time. Authors include H. L. Mencken, A. J.
Liebling, Joan Didion, Hunter S. Thompson, Norman Mailer, Susan Sontag, and David
Foster Wallace. SO
PLSC 270b, Capitalism and Its Critics Douglas Rae
Examination of capitalism as it functions in practice, with extensive use of business
cases. The role of capitalism in generating wealth and innovation. Survey of critical
institutions in banking, regulation, taxation, and trade. Negative consequences of
capitalist development such as radical inequality, disruption of the natural environment,
and intermittent social crises. Consideration of strategies for shaping capitalism in
future decades. SO
* PLSC 272a, U.S. Party Formation Samuel DeCanio
The ideological development of the Republican and Democratic parties. The rise of
contemporary American ideological divisions; economic regulatory issues generating
partisan conflict during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. SO
* PLSC 280b / AFAM 270b, Poverty, Politics, and Policy in the American City
Cynthia Horan
Political Philosophy
* PLSC 283b / EP&E 235b / PHIL 457b, Recent Work on Justice Thomas Pogge
* PLSC 287a / EP&E 411a, Democracy and Distribution Ian Shapiro
An examination of relations between democracy and the distribution of income and
wealth. Focus on ways in which different classes and coalitions affect, and are affected
by, democratic distributive politics. Open to juniors and seniors. SO
572
PLSC 290a / SOCY 151a, Foundations of Modern Social Theory Emily Erikson
Major works of social thought from the beginning of the modern era through the
1920s. Attention to social and intellectual contexts, conceptual frameworks and
methods, and contributions to contemporary social analysis. Writers include Hobbes,
Locke, Rousseau, Kant, Adam Smith, Marx, Freud, Peirce, Weber, and Durkheim. SO
* PLSC 292a / EP&E 276a / PHIL 463a, Rethinking Sovereignty, Human Rights, and
SO
* PLSC 297a / EP&E 312a, Moral Choices in Politics Boris Kapustin
A study of how and why people make costly moral choices in politics. Figures studied
include Thomas More, Abraham Lincoln, Nelson Mandela, Vclav Havel, and Aung
San Suu Kyi. SO
* PLSC 301b / EP&E 280b, Ancient Greek Political Development Staff
Varieties of political experience in the ancient Greek world during the archaic, classical,
and hellenistic periods. Attention to different regime types, places, political forms,
institutions, and persons. SO
* PLSC 304b / EP&E 410b, Business Ethics Vikram Mansharamani
Current ethical problems facing business leaders. Visible and invisible factors that
make ethical decisions complex and difficult to analyze. Anticipating ethical dilemmas;
framing decisions and gathering information; the difficulties of taking appropriate,
timely action.
* PLSC 305b / EP&E 353b, Critique of Political Violence Boris Kapustin
Methods of conceptualizing political violence that are prevalent in contemporary
political philosophical discourse. Use of theoretical-analytical tools to examine the
modes violence assumes and the functions it performs in modern political life as well as
the meanings and possibilities of nonviolence in politics. SO
* PLSC 308a / EP&E 289a, Beyond Representative Government Hlne Landemore
Institutional innovations that aim to reform or replace the political system of
representative government in the twenty-first century. Governments' efforts to reform
their own modes of functioning; grassroots movements for citizens' self-rule; emerging
principles behind these new forms of governance; ways in which these forms differ
from both representative government and direct democracy. Attention to empirical and
normative perspectives. SO
* PLSC 309a / PHIL 472, Contemporary Critical Theory Seyla Benhabib
A careful examination of Hegel's theory of the modern state and its elaboration by
Habermas and Honneth. SO
* PLSC 310a / EP&E 230a, Self-Interest and Its Critics Andrew Sabl
Debates surrounding the concept of self-interest from the seventeenth century to the
present. Defining self-interest, its nature, and its limits, and distinguishing it from
other motives for behavior; advantages and disadvantages of assuming self-interested
Political Science
573
motives for human actions; current scholarship on economic rationality, rational choice
in political science, and philosophical ethics. SO
PLSC 311a / PHIL 312a / WGSS 302a, How We Choose, and Choose Well Hlne
Landemore
* PLSC 312b / ER&M 312b, Migration, Noncitizenship, and Justice Staff
This course introduces students to some of the main texts and key themes relating
to migration and noncitizenship justice. Migration, as the movement of persons is
an important aspect of human experience and it has been a creator and challenger
of politics and political systems. Noncitizenship, as the state of not being a political
member of a country, particularly the country in which one finds oneself, is an
important corollary of the existence of citizenship and is often related closely to
migration. SO
* PLSC 313a / EP&E 380a, Bioethics, Politics, and Economics Stephen Latham
Ethical, political, and economic aspects of a number of contemporary issues in
biomedical ethics. Topics include abortion, assisted reproduction, end-of-life care,
research on human subjects, and stem cell research. SO
* PLSC 316a / FREN 399a / HUMS 400a, Modernities R. Howard Bloch and Steven
Smith
PLSC 318b, Lincoln's Statecraft and Rhetoric Steven Smith
Close reading of major speeches and letters by Abraham Lincoln, with a focus on
his views concerning slavery, equality, and race in American society. The relation of
words to deeds in Lincoln's practice of statecraft; his place in the history and theory of
statesmanship. The emergence of Lincoln's thought from an engagement with views
of the American founders; ways in which his vision of American democracy both drew
upon and transformed the founders' vision. SO
* PLSC 319b, Aristotle's Political Thought Bryan Garsten
A careful reading of Aristotle's Nichomachean Ethics and Politics, along with selected
debates in the secondary literature. Consideration of Aristotle's place in recent political
theory. SO
Analytical Political Theory

* PLSC 340a / EP&E 238a, Leadership, Coordination, and Focal Points Andrew Sabl
Analysis of a leadership model in which the leader's role is both the coordination
of mutually beneficial action among multiple parties and the appeal to focal points,
understood as natural or obvious meeting points for communication or action. Basic
concepts of coordination and focal points; the ability of leaders to exert power by
574
creating new focal points, choosing among existing ones, or serving as focal or rallying
points themselves; constitutionalism as a solution to coordination problems. SO
* PLSC 343b / ECON 473b / EP&E 227b, Equality John Roemer
Comparative Government
* PLSC 347a / AFST 347a / EP&E 484a / GLBL 243a / LAST 348a, Post-Conflict
* PLSC 349a / EP&E 472a, Ethnic Conflict Nicholas Sambanis
Study of ethnic conflict, focusing on violent forms such as civil wars. Dominant
explanations of ethnic conflict; historical case material, policy reports, and news articles
from Bosnia, Rwanda, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria; analysis of data on ethnic conflict
that spans more than fifty years; research from the fields of political science, economics,
sociology, and anthropology. Recommended preparation: introductory courses in
political science and economics. SO
* PLSC 350b, Russia and Postcommunist Politics Staff
The politics of Russia and other post-Soviet states in comparative perspective. The
late Soviet system; the perestroika reforms and the collapse of the Soviet Union; state
institutions and structures in post-Soviet Russia. SO
PLSC 352a / FILM 318a, Politics and Film Stathis Kalyvas
Film as a lens for making sense of the varied landscape of political violence, including
insurgency, terrorism, state repression, and genocide. Ways in which fiction film is
an ideal language for conveying complex insights; how social science can build on
these insights to produce a deeper understanding of political violence. Recommended
preparation: PLSC 116. HU, SO
* PLSC 354a / EP&E 250a, The European Union David Cameron
Origins and development of the European Community and Union over the past fifty
years; ways in which the often-conflicting ambitions of its member states have shaped
the EU; relations between member states and the EU's supranational institutions and
politics; and economic, political, and geopolitical challenges. SO
* PLSC 365a / LAST 346a, Journalism, Cinema, and Human Rights in Latin America
Michael Reed Hurtado
The role of news and entertainment media in the protection of human rights in Latin
America. Recurrent human rights problems in the region, and legal and political
responses to them. Topics include enforced disappearances of persons; extrajudicial
executions; armed conflict; national security doctrine; amnesties and gross violations;
Political Science
575
the struggle against impunity; victims' rights to truth, justice, and reparations; and the
rights of prisoners. SO
* PLSC 366a, European Politics David Cameron
Comparison of the political systems of the major European countries. Topics include
political institutions, electoral politics and political parties, public policies, and
contemporary problems. SO
PLSC 370b, Government-Business Relations in Comparative Perspective John Kane
Perspectives on the proper role of the state with regard to economic management
and development. Institutions and actors in government-business relations across
different political systems explored in the context of significant international issues
affecting business, including global environmental regulation, transnational corporate
governance and globalization, and managing systemic crises. SO
* PLSC 372a / EP&E 242a, Politics and Markets Peter Swenson
Examination of the interplay between market and political processes in different
substantive realms, time periods, and countries. Inquiry into the developmental
relationship between capitalism and democracy, including the developmental and
functional relationships between the two. Investigation of the politics of regulation
in areas such as property rights, social security, international finance, and product,
labor, and service markets. Topics include the economic motives of interest groups and
coalitions in the political process. SO
* PLSC 377b / EP&E 249b / RLST 288b, Islam and Democracy in the Modern Middle
East Andrew March
* PLSC 383b / GLBL 339b, Political Parties in the Developing World Tariq Thachil
Introduction to key issues surrounding political parties and party systems, with
emphasis on the non-Western world. The formation of different kinds of parties;
ways in which political parties seek to forge links with ordinary citizens; the effects of
parties' competition on democratic institutions. Examples drawn from countries in
Latin America, Asia, the Middle East, and sub-Saharan Africa. SO
PLSC 384b / SAST 244b, Indian Democracy in Comparative Perspective Tariq
Thachil
Introduction to the major dimensions of Indian democracy; comparison with the
political experiences of other developing nations such as China, South Africa, Brazil,
and Egypt. Topics include colonial legacies, identity politics, social movements, and
social and human development. SO
* PLSC 389b / AFST 389b / GLBL 186b / MMES 181b, Middle East Exceptionalism
Adria Lawrence
576
* PLSC 392b / MGRK 303b, The Greek Civil War Stathis Kalyvas
An in-depth look into the Greek civil war, one of the major European civil wars of the
twentieth century, including its relation to World War II and the Cold War. Focus on
readings from the field of history, with some attention to other disciplines and areas
such as anthropology and fiction. SO
* PLSC 393a, Comparative Constitutional Law Steven Calabresi
Introduction to the field of comparative constitutional law. Constitutional texts,
materials, and cases drawn primarily from those constitutional democracies that are also
members of the Group of Twenty Nations and that respect judicial independence. SO
* PLSC 397b / EAST 462b, The Politics and Political Economy of East Asia Frances
Rosenbluth and Woo Chang Kang
This class is designed to help students understand political, economic, and diplomatic
developments in East Asia with a focus on Japan, China, Korea, and Taiwan. We begin
with the historical events that shaped the internal politics of each country and their
international relations. We will explore the inter-relationship between their politics and
their paths of economic development. Finally, we consider their uneasy relationships as
neighbors in East Asia. SO
* PLSC 398a, Comparative Political Economy Frances Rosenbluth
Introduction to issues in political economy across time and place. The field's diverse
theoretical underpinnings and its place in the context of political science and of
the social sciences more generally; theoretical perspectives such as materialism,
institutionalism, and cognition/culture/beliefs; interactions between government
and the economy in democratic and nondemocratic regimes and in developed and
developing countries. Enrollment limited to senior Political Science majors. SO
* PLSC 399a / EP&E 257a, Politics in Latin America Ana De La O
violence.
PLSC 415b / SOCY 172b, Religion and Politics Sigrun Kahl
Muslim world. SO
* PLSC 417a / AFST 360a / ECON 487a / EP&E 365a / GLBL 313a, The Political
* PLSC 420a / ANTH 406a / EVST 424a, Rivers: Nature and Politics James Scott
Political Science
577
* PLSC 423b / EP&E 243b / GLBL 336b / LAST 423b, Political Economy of Poverty
politics. SO
PLSC 424a / SAST 440a, Gandhi, King, and the Politics of Nonviolence Karuna
Mantena
A study of the theory and practice of nonviolent political action, as proposed and
practiced by M. K. Gandhi. The origins and development of nonviolent politics in
Gandhian thought and action; Gandhi's influence on Martin Luther King, Jr., and the
American nonviolence movement; legacies and lessons for contemporary political life.
SO
PLSC 427b, Sex, Markets, and Power Frances Rosenbluth
Consideration of how womens socioeconomic status and political power have varied
across time and place. Three analytical lenses are used: biology, markets, and power.
SO
* PLSC 428a / EP&E 240a / GLBL 333a, Comparative Welfare Policy in Developing
* PLSC 429a / GLBL 380a, Political Violence Stathis Kalyvas
A survey of research on the phenomenon of political violence, including riots, political
assassinations, military coups, terrorism, civil wars, and certain types of organized
crime. Connections between different forms of political violence; ways in which the rise
and decline of each form shape the presence or absence of others. SO
* PLSC 436a / GLBL 361a, Violence: State and Society Matthew Kocher
* PLSC 442a / EP&E 481a / SAST 341a, Development in South Asia Tariq Thachil
* PLSC 446b / EP&E 258b / SOCY 369b, Welfare States across Nations Sigrun Kahl
welfare state. SO
578
* PLSC 447b / AFST 447b / EP&E 271b / ER&M 271b, The Rwandan Genocide in
* PLSC 457b / EP&E 294b / GLBL 338b, Social Welfare and Nongovernmental
public goods. SO
* PLSC 461b / SAST 242b, India and Pakistan: Democracy, Conflict, and
Development Steven Wilkinson
The variation in democracy, conflict, and development between India and Pakistan
since 1947, as well as variation within each country. Management of ethnic and religious
conflicts, secularism, secessionist movements in Kashmir and elsewhere, the tension
between economic growth and equity, and problems of governance. SO
*PLSC 466b / EP&E 236b, Ethics and the Multinational Business Firm Susan
Rose-Ackerman
Ethical challenges facing modern business leaders, with a focus on multinational
corporations conducting business in developing countries. Topics include the normative
basis of the market and firm, labor rights, environmental harms, corruption and fraud,
and obligations of managers to shareholders and to other stakeholders. Priority to
junior and senior majors in Ethics, Politics, and Economics. SO
Statistical and Mathematical Methods

PLSC 452a / EP&E 203a / STAT 102a, Introduction to Statistics: Political Science
Staff
PLSC 453a / EP&E 209a / STAT 103a, Introduction to Statistics: Social Sciences Staff
research. QR
Advanced Courses
* PLSC 471a and PLSC 472b, Individual Reading for Majors David Simon
Special reading courses may be established with individual members of the department.
They must satisfy the following conditions: (1) a prospectus describing the nature of
the program and the readings to be covered must be approved by both the instructor
Portuguese
579
and the director of undergraduate studies; (2) the student must meet regularly with the
instructor for an average of at least two hours per week; (3) the course must include
a term essay, several short essays, or a final examination; (4) the topic and/or content
must not be substantially encompassed by an existing undergraduate or graduate
course. All coursework must be submitted no later than the last day of reading period.
* PLSC 474b, Directed Reading and Research for Junior Intensive Majors David
Simon
For juniors preparing to write yearlong senior essays as intensive majors. The student
acquires the methodological skills necessary in research, identifies a basic reading list
pertinent to the research, and prepares a research design for the project. All coursework
must be submitted no later than the last day of reading period.
* PLSC 480a or b, One-Term Senior Essay David Simon
For seniors writing the senior essay who do not wish, or are unable, to write the essay
in a department seminar. Students must receive the prior agreement of a member of the
department who will serve as the senior essay adviser, and must arrange to meet with
that adviser on a regular basis throughout the term.
* PLSC 490a, The Senior Colloquium Greg Huber
Presentation and discussion of students' research proposals, with particular attention
to choice of topic and research design. Each student frames the structure of the essay,
chooses research methods, begins the research, and presents and discusses a draft of the
introductory section of the essay. Enrollment limited to Political Science majors writing
a yearlong senior essay.
* PLSC 491b, The Senior Essay David Simon
Each student writing a yearlong senior essay establishes a regular consultation schedule
with a department member who, working from the prospectus prepared for PLSC 490,
advises the student about preparation of the essay and changes to successive drafts.
Enrollment limited to Political Science majors writing a yearlong senior essay.
* PLSC 493b, Senior Essay for Intensive Majors David Simon
Each student in the intensive major establishes a regular consultation schedule with
a department member who, working from the prospectus prepared for PLSC 490,
advises the student about preparation of the essay and changes to successive drafts, as
well as reporting the student's progress until submission of the final essay. Enrollment
limited to Political Science intensive majors.
Portuguese
Director of undergraduate studies: K. David Jackson, 8290 Wall St., 432-1158,
k.jackson@yale.edu; span-port.yale.edu
Portuguese is taught at Yale as part of the Department of Spanish and Portuguese; the
names of departmental faculty members teaching Portuguese courses appear in the
faculty list under Spanish (p. 630).
The major in Portuguese is a liberal arts major intended to develop competence in the
Portuguese language and to provide students with a comprehensive knowledge of the
literatures and cultures of Portugal, Brazil, and African and Asian lands of Portuguese
language or influence.
580
Students begin the study of Portuguese with PORT 110. After two years of Portuguese
language study, students have sufficient proficiency to take advanced courses in LusoBrazilian literature and culture.
The standard major, for which the prerequisite is PORT 140 or the equivalent, consists
of twelve term courses. Students must take at least two term courses each in the
literatures of Portugal and of Brazil. In completing their programs, students may elect
up to four courses in other languages and literatures, anthropology, history, or history
of art, or from study abroad, that are related to their field of study and approved by the
director of undergraduate studies. Juniors and seniors majoring in Portuguese may,
with the permission of the instructor and the director of graduate studies, enroll in
graduate courses in Portuguese.
Senior requirement All majors must present a senior essay. The essay is written in
PORT 491 and/or 492. A maximum of two credits counts toward the major.
Placement All students who have not yet taken Portuguese at Yale are expected to take
the departmental placement test, with the exception of students who have no previous
knowledge of Portuguese whatsoever. The departmental placement test covers reading,
writing, speaking, and listening skills. The placement test will be given at the beginning
of the fall and spring terms; see the departmental Web site (http://span-port.yale.edu)
for details.

Prerequisite PORT 140 or equivalent
Number of courses 12 term courses beyond prereq (incl senior essay course)
Distribution of courses At least 2 courses in lit of Portugal, 2 in lit of Brazil
Substitution permitted With DUS permission, up to 4 relevant courses from other
depts or from study abroad
Senior requirement Senior essay (PORT 491 and/or 492)
Courses
PORT 110a, Elementary Portuguese I Staff
Basic vocabulary and fundamentals of grammar through practice in speaking, reading,
and writing, with stress on audio-lingual proficiency. Introduces Brazilian and
Portuguese culture and civilization. Credit only on completion of PORT 120. L1 RP
1 Course cr
PORT 120b, Elementary Portuguese II Staff
Continuation of PORT 110. To be followed by PORT 130. Prerequisite: PORT 110.
Qualifies students for summer study abroad. L2 RP 1 Course cr
PORT 130a, Intermediate Portuguese I Staff
Contemporary and colloquial usage of Portuguese in the spoken and written language
of Brazil. Grammar review and writing practice. Readings on Brazilian society and
history are used to build vocabulary. Exercises develop students' oral command of the
language. L3 RP 1 Course cr
Portuguese
581
PORT 140b, Intermediate Portuguese II Staff

Continuation of PORT 130. Grammar review, conversation, cultural topics, and
readings from Brazilian literature. Prerequisite: PORT 130. L4 RP 1 Course cr
* PORT 150a, Advanced Practice in Portuguese Staff
Advanced conversation and composition, with an introduction to Luso-Brazilian
literature and culture. After PORT 140 or equivalent. May be repeated for credit. L5
RP
* PORT 350b / LITR 252b, Machado de Assis K. David Jackson
The place of Machado de Assis in world literature explored through close reading of
his nine novels and selected stories in translation. Machado's hybrid literary world,
skeptical critique of empire in Brazil, and narrative constructions. Readings and
discussion in English; reading of texts in Portuguese for Portuguese majors. WR, HU
Tr
* PORT 355b / LAST 254b, Brazilian Modernist Poetry K. David Jackson
The generation of major poets who were part of Brazilian modernism, centered on the
"Modern Art Week" of 1922. Poetry written to express the individuality and character
of Brazil's language and culture at the onset of modernization, urbanization, and
industrialization. Points of analysis include form, use of language, themes of memory
and modernization, cultural characterization, humor, and ethical and existential
concerns. Prerequisite: PORT 140 equivalent. L5, HU
* PORT 385a / LITR 260a, Brazilian Literature in the New Republic K. David
Jackson
Changing narratives, themes, styles, and aesthetic ideals in current Brazilian prose
and poetry. The writers' attempts to express or define a personal, national, and global
consciousness influenced by the return of political democracy to Brazil. Focus on
readings published within the last five years. Readings and discussion in English; texts
available in Portuguese. WR, HU Tr
PORT 396b / LAST 396b / LITR 292b, Modern Brazilian Literature in Translation
K. David Jackson
* PORT 410a / LITR 291a, The Brazilian Short Story in Translation K. David Jackson
Tr
* PORT 471a and PORT 472b, Directed Reading or Directed Research K. David
Jackson
Individual study for qualified students under the supervision of a faculty member
selected by the student. Approval of the director of undergraduate studies is required.
582
* PORT 491a and PORT 492b, The Senior Essay K. David Jackson
A research project designed under a faculty director, resulting in a substantial paper
written in Portuguese, submitted to the DUS and a second designated reader.
Psychology
Director of undergraduate studies: Laurie Santos, 213 SSS, 432-4524,
laurie.santos@yale.edu [F]; Gregory Samanez-Larkin, 318 SSS, 432-1150,
gregory.samanez-larkin@yale.edu [Sp]; psychology.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY

Professors Woo-kyoung Ahn, Stephen Anderson, Amy Arnsten, John Bargh, Paul
Bloom, Thomas Brown, Tyrone Cannon, Joseph Chang, Marvin Chun, Margaret
Clark, Ravi Dhar, John Dovidio, Carol Fowler (Adjunct), Tamar Gendler, Jeannette
Ickovics, Marcia Johnson, Jutta Joormann, Dan Kahan, Alan Kazdin, Frank Keil, Joshua
Knobe, Marianne LaFrance, Linda Mayes, Gregory McCarthy, Nathan Novemsky, Peter
Salovey, Laurie Santos, Brian Scholl, Jane Taylor, Tom Tyler, Fred Volkmar, Victor
Vroom, Karen Wynn
Associate Professors Robert Kerns, Jr., Maria Piango, Mary Schwab-Stone
Assistant Professors Steve Wohn Chang, Yarrow Dunham, Avram Holmes, Hedy
Kober, Jaime Napier, David Rand, Gregory Samanez-Larkin
Lecturers Nancy Close, Nelson Donegan, Carla Horwitz, Kristi Lockhart, Mary
O'Brien, Matthias Siemer, Marney White
The introduction to psychology is PSYC 110, a general survey course. PSYC 110 is a
prerequisite for other 100-level courses only if indicated in their course descriptions; it
is a prerequisite for all courses numbered 200 or above.
Courses in the department are organized so that they are best taken in several parallel
sequences. Courses numbered from 120 to 190 and ending in a zero are core survey
courses that introduce students to major areas of psychology and provide additional
background for more advanced courses. These courses represent major content areas
of psychology; students should sample broadly from them before specializing. Courses
numbered from 200 to 209 focus on statistics and general methodology. Courses
numbered from 210 to 299 teach data collection in various areas of psychology. Courses
numbered from 300 to 399 are more advanced courses in a particular specialization.
Senior seminars, whose enrollment is limited to twenty students, are numbered from
400 to 489. These seminars are best taken once a student has appropriate background.
Courses numbered from 490 to 499 are special tutorial courses that require permission
of the adviser and the director of undergraduate studies.
The standard major The major in Psychology requires twelve term courses beyond
PSYC 110, including the senior requirement.
1. Because psychology is so diverse a subject, every student is required to take four
courses from the list below. Two of these courses must be from the social science
point of view in psychology and two must be from the natural science point of view.
At least one from each group must be a course designated as "Core" in the course
Psychology
583
listings. Students are expected to take their two core courses as early as possible in
the major, normally within two terms after declaring their major.
Social science: PSYC 125, 126, 127, 128, 132, 133, 140, 141, 150, 180, 181, 182, 232L, 250,
280L, 319, 325, 330, 332, 342, 355
Natural science: PSYC 120, 130, 135, 137, 147, 149, 160, 161, 171, 190, 230L, 260, 270,
304, 315, 318, 320, 321, 322, 324, 327, 331, 337, 350, 376
2. Because statistical techniques and the mode of reasoning they employ are
fundamental in psychology, a course in statistics (PSYC 200) is required, preferably
prior to the senior year. A student may substitute STAT 103 for PSYC 200 or may
substitute an examination arranged with the instructor of PSYC 200 for the course
requirement. Students may take the examination only one time.
3. To assure some direct experience in collecting and analyzing data, students must
elect at least one course, preferably prior to the senior year, in which research
is planned and carried out. Courses numbered between 210 and 299 fulfill this
research methods requirement.
4. To encourage consideration of the relation between psychology and other
disciplines, students may, with permission of the director of undergraduate studies,
count up to three term courses in other related departments toward the major.
Students should consult with the director of undergraduate studies in Psychology
about selecting outside courses. Appropriate courses are rare but are typically
offered in anthropology, cognitive science, philosophy, political science, and the
biological sciences. Some students may find courses in other subjects related to their
major.
Students interested in research are encouraged to take an independent study course
(PSYC 490, 491, 492, 493) as early as the sophomore year. Students may also take
PSYC 495 for one-half course credit of independent research per term with prior
permission of the faculty adviser and the director of undergraduate studies. These
independent study courses are graded P/F. No more than a total of three credits from
PSYC 490499 combined may count toward the major.
B.S. degree The B.S. degree is typically awarded to students who conduct empirical
research through a directed research course. B.S. candidates must fulfill the statistics
and research methods requirements of the major before starting the senior year. An
empirical research project normally includes designing an experiment and collecting
and analyzing the data.
B.A. degree The B.A. degree is typically awarded to students who conduct a
nonempirical literature review. There are no restrictions in the research format for the
B.A.
Senior requirement Majors are required to earn two course credits from courses
numbered PSYC 400489 or 496499. At least one of these course credits must
be taken during the senior year and, for the B.S. degree, at least one must be a
directed research course (PSYC 498 or 499) taken during the senior year. Juniors may
preregister for senior seminars at the end of the junior year. In order to count credits
584
obtained from PSYC 496499 toward the senior requirement, a student must submit a
substantial final paper (a minimum of 20 pages).
Students who have already completed a course in the PSYC 490495 range for a letter
grade may apply it toward the senior requirement, with permission of the director of
Credit/D/Fail No more than two term courses taken Credit/D/Fail may be applied
toward the major; no 200-level course taken Credit/D/Fail may be applied toward the
major.
Departmental advisers Schedules for all majors must be discussed with, and approved
by, the director of undergraduate studies or the adviser for the neuroscience track in
Psychology. Only then may a schedule be submitted to the residential college dean's
office. For questions concerning credits for courses taken at other institutions or at
Yale but outside the Department of Psychology, students should consult with the
director of undergraduate studies. For questions concerning the neuroscience track,
students should consult with the director of undergraduate studies or the adviser for
the neuroscience track in Psychology.
Distinction in the Major To be considered for a B.S. degree with Distinction, a student
must first submit a research proposal of one to two single-spaced pages, signed by the
senior essay adviser, by the end of the registration period in the fall term of the senior
year. The proposal must specify a research hypothesis, a rationale for the hypothesis,
and proposed methods for collecting and analyzing data.
To be considered for a B.A. degree with Distinction, a student must first submit a senior
essay proposal of one to two pages, signed by the essay adviser and specifying the
research topic, by the end of the registration period in the fall term of the senior year.
Additionally, to be considered for Distinction in the Major with either degree, students
must submit a senior essay to the Psychology department at least one week before
the last day of classes in the final term of enrollment. The senior essay must be
written during the senior year and must be a product of one or two of the 400-level
courses (excluding PSYC 490495 which are graded P/F) taken to fulfill the senior
requirement. Senior essays that are submitted after the deadline will be subject to grade
penalties.
Computer Science and Psychology major The interdepartmental major in Computer
Science and Psychology may be considered by students with interests lying squarely
between the two disciplines. See under Computer Science and Psychology (p. 220)
for more information.
Neuroscience track in Psychology Students with a major interest in neuroscience may
wish to elect the neuroscience track. Such students are considered Psychology majors
for whom the requirements have been modified to accommodate their interests, and to
reflect the multidisciplinary nature of modern neuroscience and psychology. Given the
broad nature of the field of neuroscience, students may wish to concentrate their studies
in one area of the field (e.g., behavioral, cellular and molecular, cognitive, affective,
social, clinical, or developmental). Interested students are encouraged to meet with the
track adviser, Gregory Samanez-Larkin, 318 SSS, 432-1150, g.samanezlarkin@yale.edu.
Psychology
585
Majors in the neuroscience track meet with the track adviser at the beginning of each
term in their junior and senior years.
Requirements for the neuroscience track are the same as for the standard major, with
the following exceptions:
1. Two terms of introductory biology are required for the major, either MCDB 120 or
BIOL 101 and 102, and either E&EB 122 or BIOL 103 and 104. Students who have
scored 5 on the Advanced Placement test in Biology may place out of these courses.
2. Students must take PSYC 160 or 170 and a data-collection course chosen from
PSYC 230L, 260, or 270. MCDB 320 may substitute for the PSYC 160 or 170
requirement, or MCDB 320 and 321L may substitute for the PSYC 230L, 260,
or 270 requirement, but not both. If MCDB 320 is substituted for a Psychology
course, it cannot be counted as one of the two advanced science courses outside the
department (see item 4 below).
3. As required for the standard major, students in the neuroscience track must
take two courses from the social science list above, at least one of which must be
designated as "Core" in the course listings. Students in the neuroscience track must
also take a course from the natural science list in addition to the courses specified in
item 2 above.
4. At least two advanced science courses must be chosen from Molecular, Cellular, and
Developmental Biology and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology courses numbered
200 and above that deal with human and/or animal biology; recommended courses
include MCDB 200, 202, 205, 210, 240, 300, 315, 320, E&EB 220, 225, and 240.
Certain courses outside of these departments may also meet the advanced science
requirement, including BENG 350, 421, CPSC 475, MB&B 300, 301, 420, 435, 443,
452, MATH 222, 225, 230, 231, and STAT 241. Other courses may qualify for this
requirement with permission of the neuroscience track adviser. Laboratory courses
do not count toward the advanced science requirement. Students should note that
many advanced science courses have prerequisites that must be taken first.
5. The senior requirement for the neuroscience track is the same as for the standard
major, except that the two required course credits from PSYC 400489 or 496
499 must have neuroscience content. Students pursuing the B.S. degree in the track
must carry out a neuroscientific empirical project in PSYC 498 or 499 and must
be supervised by a faculty member within the neuroscience area of the Psychology
department. Students who wish to work with an affiliated faculty member studying
neuroscience outside the department must obtain permission from the neuroscience
track adviser.

STANDARD MAJOR
Number of courses 12 courses beyond prereq (incl senior req)
Specific course required PSYC 200
Distribution of courses B.A.2 social science courses and 2 natural science courses, as
specified; 1 course numbered PSYC 210299; B.S.Same, with completion of the
stat and research methods reqs before senior year
586
Substitution permitted For PSYC 200, STAT 103 or exam arranged with instructor;
up to 3 relevant courses in other depts, with DUS permission
Senior requirement B.A.2 course credits from PSYC 400-489 or 496499, 1 during
senior year; B.S. PSYC 498 or 499 taken during senior year; 1 addtl course credit
from PSYC 400-489 or 496-499
NEUROSCIENCE TRACK
Number of courses 12 courses beyond prereq (incl senior req)
Specific courses required PSYC 160 or 170; PSYC 200; PSYC 230L, 260, or 270
Distribution of courses B.A. 2 social science courses and 1 natural science course,
as specified; at least 2 advanced science courses, as specified; B.S.Same, with
completion of the stat and research methods reqs before senior year
Substitution permitted MCDB 320 for PSYC 160 or 170, or MCDB 320 and 321L for
PSYC 230L, 260, or 270; for PSYC 200, STAT 103 or exam arranged with instructor
Senior requirement B.A.2 course credits from PSYC 400489 or 496499 with
neuroscience content, 1 during senior year; B.S. PSYC 498 or 499 taken during
senior year, with neuroscience content in a research project; 1 addtl course credit
from PSYC 400489 or 496499 with neuroscience content
Courses
PSYC 110a or b, Introduction to Psychology Staff
A survey of major psychological approaches to the biological, cognitive, and social bases
of behavior. SO
* PSYC 125a / CHLD 125a / EDST 125a, Child Development Nancy Close
PSYC 126b, Attraction and Relationships Margaret Clark
Theory and empirical research on the antecedents and consequences of attraction,
and on intra- and interpersonal processes that either facilitate or interfere with the
formation and maintenance of close relationships. Methodological bases for rigorous
study of these topics. SO
* PSYC 127a / CHLD 127a / EDST 127a, Theory and Practice of Early Childhood
Psychology
587
* PSYC 128b / CHLD 128b / EDST 128b, Language, Literacy, and Play Nancy Close
and Carla Horwitz
PSYC 130a / CGSC 110a, Introduction to Cognitive Science April Ruiz
Psychology: Core
* PSYC 132a or b / CHLD 132a or b / SOCY 132a or b, The Concept of the Problem
* PSYC 133a / CHLD 133a, Introduction to Developmental Psychopathology Fred
Volkmar, Eli Lebowitz, and Wendy Silverman
Overview of developmental psychopathology during childhood and adolescence.
Aspects of normal development, assessment methods, clinical disorders, treatment, and
legal and social policy issues. Theoretical approaches to understanding developmental
aspects of common mental health conditions in childhood. Some attention to issues of
culture and ethnicity in the expression of psychopathology. Prerequisite: PSYC 130, 140,
or equivalent, or with permission of instructor.
PSYC 135a / CGSC 135a / HIST 118a / HSHM 216a, Minds and Brains in America
Henry Cowles
PSYC 137a / LING 117a, Language and Mind Maria Piango
PSYC 140a, Developmental Psychology Frank Keil
An introduction to research and theory on the development of perception, action,
emotion, personality, language, and cognition from a cognitive science perspective.
Focus on birth to adolescence in humans and other species. Prerequisite: PSYC 110. SO
Psychology: Core
588

PSYC 147a, Animal Models of Clinical Disorders Nelson Donegan
An interdisciplinary approach to understanding and treating psychiatric disorders,
integrating clinical psychology, psychiatry, and advances in basic neuroscience. Focus
on how research with animal models can advance our understanding of psychiatric
disorders and generate more effective treatments for patients. Topics include drug
addiction, depression, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. SC, SO
PSYC 150a, Social Psychology John Bargh
Study of social cognition, attitudes and persuasion, group processes, intergroup
processes, prosocial behavior, aggression, and conformity. Theories, methodology, and
applications of social psychology. Prerequisite: PSYC 110. SO
Psychology: Core
PSYC 160a, The Human Brain Gregory McCarthy
Introduction to the neural bases of human psychological function, including social,
cognitive, and affective processing. Preparation for more advanced courses in cognitive
and social neuroscience. Topics include memory, reward processing, neuroeconomics,
individual differences, emotion, social inferences, and clinical disorders. Neuroanatomy,
neurophysiology, and neuropharmacology are also introduced. SC
Psychology: Core
* PSYC 161b, Drugs, Brain, and Behavior Hedy Kober
Psychoactive drugs and their effects on both brain and behavior. Pharmacological
and brain mechanisms of different classes of legal, illegal, and medicinal drugs,
including alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, stimulants, depressants, antidepressants, and
hallucinogens. Individual drugs' pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, dosing,
routes of administration, and patterns and effects of use and misuse. Some attention to
substance use disorders, prevention, and treatment. SC
PSYC 180b, Abnormal Psychology Jutta Joormann
The major forms of psychopathology that appear in childhood and adult life. Topics
include the symptomatology of mental disorders; their etiology from psychological,
biological, and sociocultural perspectives; and issues pertaining to diagnosis and
treatment. SO
PSYC 200b, Statistics Gregory Samanez-Larkin
Measures of central tendency, variability, association, and the application of probability
concepts in determining the significance of research findings. QR
PSYC 230Lb, Research Methods in Human Neuroscience Gregory McCarthy
Methods of human neuroscience research. Focus on functional magnetic resonance
imaging, electroencephalography, and evoked potentials. Students design experiments,
acquire data, and perform analyses. Extensive use of MATLAB. Prerequisites: PSYC 160
or 170 and a course in statistics, or permission of instructor. SC
PSYC 233La, Research Methods in Emotion Matthias Siemer
Current methods of empirical research in the psychological study of human emotion
and its regulation. Focus on cognitive-experimental approaches. Students design a
Psychology
589
study on a topic related to emotion regulation, conduct an experiment, collect data, and
perform statistical analyses. Prerequisites: PSYC 110 or 131 and a course in statistics, or
with permission of instructor. SO
* PSYC 235a, Research Methods in Psychology Staff
Introduction to general principles and strategies of psychological research. Topics
include generating and testing hypotheses, laboratory and field experiments, scale
construction, sampling, archival methods, case studies, ethics and politics of research,
and Internet and cross-cultural methods. Hands-on research experience in laboratories.
Prerequisites: PSYC 200 or STAT 103, or permission of instructor. WR, SO
PSYC 250a, Research Methods in Clinical Psychology Alan Kazdin
Introduction to the underpinnings, processes, and methods of scientific research
utilized in clinical psychology. Rationale for various methods, generating and testing
hypotheses, nonhuman animal models, laboratory and applied studies, assessment
methods, ethical issues, protection of participants, and research findings in relation to
public life and policy. SO
* PSYC 260a, Research Methods in Behavioral Genetics Tyrone Cannon
Methods of human behavioral genetics research. Focus on the genetics of psychiatric
disorders, personality, and cognition. Students design and perform genetic-association
analyses of behavioral traits, using existing datasets supplied by the instructor. SO
* PSYC 270b, Research Methods in Behavioral Neuroscience Nelson Donegan
Laboratory course in which students design and conduct research to study brain
function and behavior. Emphasis on hands-on participation in behavioral and
neuroscience techniques. Prerequisites: PSYC 160 or 170, and a course in statistics, or
with permission of instructor. SC
PSYC 304a / CGSC 304a, The Mental Lives of Babies and Animals Karen Wynn
Interdisciplinary exploration of the cognitive, social, and emotional capacities of
creatures lacking language and culture. The extent to which our complex psychology
is unique to mature humans; the relative richness of a mental life without language or
culture. Some attention to particular human populations such as children with autism
and adults with language disorders. SO
* PSYC 313b / CGSC 313b / PHIL 305b, Philosophy for Psychologists Joshua Knobe
PSYC 318b / LING 220b, General Phonetics Ryan Bennett
590

PSYC 327b / LING 227b, Language and Computation Staff
PSYC 330a, Psychology and the Law Kristi Lockhart
Contributions of psychological theory and research to our understanding of the law
and the criminal justice system. Topics include criminality, eyewitness testimony,
lie detection, jury decision making, the death penalty, the insanity defense, civil
commitment, prisons, repressed memories, children as witnesses and defendants, and
the role of psychologists as expert witnesses and trial consultants. SO
PSYC 331b / LING 231b, Neurolinguistics Maria Piango
* PSYC 350a or b / CHLD 350a or b, Autism and Related Disorders Staff
SO
* PSYC 355a, Clinical Psychology in the Community Kristi Lockhart
Mental disorders as they are treated within a community setting. Students participate in
a fieldwork placement, working either one-on-one or in groups with the psychiatrically
disabled. Seminar meetings focus on such topics as the nature of severe mental
disorders, the effects of deinstitutionalization, counseling skills, and social policy issues
related to mental health. Prerequisite: PSYC 180 or permission of instructor.
* PSYC 372a / LING 490a, Research Methods in Linguistics Raffaella Zanuttini
An introduction to research methods in linguistics. Observational and experimental
approaches to research in the field. Topics include collection and organization of
linguistic data, basic field methods, and use of language corpora and databases.
Introduction to research in language acquisition and language change. Prerequisites:
one course in syntax and one course in phonology.
PSYC 376a, Learning and Memory Thomas Brown
The basic facts, general principles, and theories that describe how higher animals,
from mice to humans, are changed by their experiences. The historically separate fields
of learning and memory research desegregated under a neuroscientific perspective
Psychology
591
that recognizes the evolutionary continuity among higher animals. Prerequisites:

introductory courses in biology and psychology, or permission of instructor. SC, SO
* PSYC 402b, Topics in Infant Studies Karen Wynn
Advanced topics in infant cognitive, social, and emotional development. Attention
to infant attachment strategies as well as maternal and paternal investment and
attachment. Perspectives from biology, anthropology, and developmental, comparative,
clinical, physiological, and evolutionary psychology. SO
* PSYC 409a, The Science of Free Will Thomas Brown
The scientific facts and arguments behind the theory that free will is an illusion or
invalid construct. Implications of this theory for religion, law, and morality. Supporting
evidence drawn from the fields of psychology, neuroscience, genetics, physics, and
complex adaptive systems. SO
* PSYC 411b, Intro to Systems Neuroscience Steve Wohn Chang
This course provides an overview of the fundamental principles governing the central
nervous system. Topics include the anatomy of the central nervous system, the
neural mechanisms underlying cortical and subcortical control of behavior, various
neuroscience techniques, as well as implications for nervous system disorders. The
lectures will combine basic knowledge of the nervous system with the key experimental
findings that led to new discoveries in brain function. SC
* PSYC 413b / CGSC 413b, Mind, Brain, and Society Marvin Chun
Recent advances in modern neuroscience as they inform or complicate issues in society.
Views from disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, economics, political science,
law, and religion. SO
* PSYC 417a, Etiology and Treatment of Addictions Arielle Baskin-Sommers
Research from the fields of cognitive neuroscience, psychology, sociology, and public
health on the etiology and treatment of addictions. Social, neurobiological, and genetic
explanations for addiction; evaluation of addiction treatments; the social construction
of substance policies. SO
* PSYC 422a / CGSC 426a / PHIL 426a, The Cognitive Science of Morality Joshua
Knobe
them. HU
* PSYC 436b / HIST 413Jb / HSHM 420b, History of Addiction Henry Cowles
movements. WR, HU
592
* PSYC 477b, Psychopathology and the Family Kristi Lockhart

The influence of the family on development and maintenance of both normal and
abnormal behavior. Special emphasis on the role of early childhood experiences.
Psychological, biological, and sociocultural factors within the family that contribute to
variations in behavior. Relations between family and disorders such as schizophrenia,
depression, anorexia nervosa, and criminality. Family therapy approaches and
techniques. SO
* PSYC 479b, Thinking Woo-kyoung Ahn
A survey of psychological studies on thinking and reasoning, with discussion of ways to
improve thinking skills. Topics include judgments and decision making, counterfactual
reasoning, causal learning, inductive inferences, analogical reasoning, problem solving,
critical thinking, and creativity. First class meeting to be held during course selection
period at a time determined by admitted students. See the syllabus on Classes*v2
(http://classesv2.yale.edu) for application information. SO
* PSYC 489b, Principles of Cognitive and Behavior Therapy Alan Kazdin
An examination of the diverse theories, principles, and treatments in behavior therapy,
including operant and classical conditioning, cognitive behavioral approaches, and
social learning. Enrollment limited to senior Psychology majors. SO
* PSYC 490a and PSYC 491b, Directed Reading Staff
Individual study for qualified students who wish to investigate an area of psychology
not covered by regular departmental offerings. A student must be sponsored by a
faculty member, who sets requirements and meets regularly with the student. To
register, the student must submit a written plan of study approved by the adviser to the
director of undergraduate studies. The normal minimum requirement is a term paper,
but individual faculty members may set alternative equivalent requirements. May be
elected for one or two terms. May not be used for the Psychology senior requirement.
* PSYC 492a and PSYC 493b, Directed Research Staff
Empirical research projects for qualified students. A student must be sponsored by a
faculty member, who sets the requirements and supervises research. To register, the
student must submit a written plan of study approved by the adviser to the director
of undergraduate studies. The normal minimum requirement is a written report of
the completed research, but individual faculty members may set alternative equivalent
requirements. May be elected for one or two terms. May not be used for the Psychology
senior requirement.
PSYC 495a or b, Research Topics Staff
Discussion and/or individual study of current topics or ongoing research projects.
A student must be sponsored by a faculty member, who sets the requirements and
supervises the coursework. Requirements can include attending lab meetings,
performing research with a faculty member, or writing a final paper. To register, the
student must submit a written plan of study approved by the faculty sponsor to the
director of undergraduate studies. May be repeated for credit. May not be used for the
Psychology senior requirement. Course cr
* PSYC 496a and PSYC 497b, Senior Requirement Directed Reading Staff
Individual study for qualified seniors in the major who wish to investigate an area of
psychology in depth as part of their senior requirement. A student must be sponsored
by a faculty member, who sets requirements and meets regularly with the student. To
Public Health
593
register, students must submit a written plan of study approved by the adviser to the
director of undergraduate studies. The minimum requirement is a final paper (20 pages
or more), but individual faculty members may set additional requirements.
* PSYC 498a and PSYC 499b, Senior Requirement Directed Research Staff
Empirical research projects for students pursuing research as part of their senior
requirement. A student must be sponsored by a faculty member, who sets the
requirements and supervises research. To register, the student must submit a written
plan of study approved by the adviser to the director of undergraduate studies. All
students must submit a paper that meets the substantial writing needed for the senior
requirement (20 pages or more). Individual faculty members may set additional
requirements.
Public Health
For information about Yale College course offerings related to health, see under Global
Health Studies (p. 385).
The five-year B.A.B.S./M.P.H. degree program The B.A.B.S./M.P.H. degree
program in Public Health offers Yale College students interested in the field of public
health the opportunity to earn a bachelor's degree from Yale College and an M.P.H.
degree from the Yale School of Public Health (YSPH) in a five-year joint program.
Undergraduate requirements During four years of Yale College enrollment, students
complete any standard major. Four of the thirty-six course credits required for the
bachelor's degree are typically taken at YSPH in partial fulfillment of the M.P.H. degree
requirements. Students may take additional YSPH courses while enrolled in Yale
College, but no more than four course credits earned in the professional schools may
be applied toward the bachelor's degree. Two Yale College courses selected from an
approved list (http://publichealth.yale.edu/admissions/programs/select/electives.aspx)
may be counted as electives toward the M.P.H. degree requirements.
Students accepted into the B.A.-B.S./M.P.H. program typically take the following
courses at the School of Public Health while enrolled in Yale College: BIS 505,
Introduction to Statistical Thinking I and II; CDE 505, Social and Behavioral
Foundations of Health; CDE 508, Principles of Epidemiology I; EPH 515, Introduction
to Research and Professional Ethics Seminar; either HPM 510, Introduction to Health
Policy and Health Systems, or HPM 560, Health Economics and U.S. Health Policy;
and either EHS 510, Introduction to Environmental Health, or EHS 503, Introduction
to Toxicology.
During the summer between the fourth and fifth years, students complete a public
health internship (http://publichealth.yale.edu/internship).
Masters program requirements Students accepted into the program affiliate with
one of seven departments or programs at the School of Public Health; this affiliation
determines the primary adviser and the specific requirements for the five-year program.
During the fifth year, students are in full-time residence at the School of Public Health
to complete their remaining course work and master's thesis.
Admission requirements Students apply to the B.A.B.S./M.P.H. program in the
fall term of the junior year. Successful candidates present a verified commitment to
594
improving the health of the public and evidence of quantitative skills. Two terms each
of college-level mathematics, science, and social science courses are recommended,
although some of these courses can be completed after applying to the program.
Additional qualifications may be required by particular departments or programs.
A complete application includes the application form, transcripts, SAT scores, two
letters of recommendation (at least one from an instructor of a Yale course), a personal
statement, and approval from the student's residential college dean. Questions about
admissions should be directed to Mary Keefe (mary.keefe@yale.edu).
Further information about the program may be viewed on the YSPH Web site (http://
publichealth.yale.edu/admissions/programs/select).
Religious Studies
Director of undergraduate studies: Harry Stout, 451 College St., 432-0830,
harry.stout@yale.edu; religiousstudies.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES

Professors Gerhard Bwering, Stephen Davis, Carlos Eire, Steven Fraade, Bruce
Gordon, Philip Gorski, Phyllis Granoff, Frank Griffel, John Hare, Christine Hayes,
Bentley Layton (Emeritus), Kathryn Lofton (Chair), Ivan Marcus, Dale Martin, Sally
Promey, Harry Stout, Denys Turner (Emeritus), Robert Wilson
Associate Professors Zareena Grewal, Andrew Quintman, Eliyahu Stern
Assistant Professors Eric Greene, Noreen Khawaja
Senior Lecturers John Grim, Stephen Latham, Nancy Levene, Mary Evelyn Tucker
Lecturers Margaret Olin, George Syrimis
The Religious Studies curriculum approaches the history of human thought and
practice while focusing on specific geographical, cultural, and philosophical areas of
scholarly interest. Courses explore when, how, and why communities forge systems
of value. Faculty guide students to examine institutions, practices, texts, and ideas
simultaneously: to see how texts influence institutions, how institutions prescribe
habits, and how human beings resist and reiterate the given institutions and practices
of their specific geographic and historical contexts. The Religious Studies department
is particularly known for its promotion of scholarly research by undergraduates.
Undergraduate majors acquire the linguistic, philosophical, and historical acumen
necessary for an in-depth research project during their senior year.
Religious Studies course offerings, other than freshman seminars, are arranged in four
categories. Group A features general and comparative courses that engage more than
one tradition, concept, or text. Group B includes survey courses that provide a broad
introduction to a particular religious tradition or scripture in historical context. Group
C includes courses on specialized topics in religious studies, both introductory and
intermediate. Group D offers advanced courses on specialized topics and typically have
specific prerequisites or require the permission of the instructor. Students who want a
broad introduction to the study of religions can choose courses listed under Groups A
or B, though courses listed under Group C are also open without prerequisite. Religious
Studies majors develop specialized concentrations as they plan a major program in
Religious Studies
595
consultation with the director of undergraduate studies and other members of the
faculty.
The major The department offers two programs for students majoring in Religious
Studies: the standard major and a major in which religious studies is combined with
another subject closely related to the senior essay. Both programs require a core of
courses, a seminar, and a two-term senior essay.
Core requirement A core of six courses in Religious Studies is required of all majors
and should be selected in consultation with the director of undergraduate studies. One
core course, normally from Group A, involves the comparative study of religions. Three
core courses, normally from Groups B and C, concentrate on the historical or textual
study of three different religious traditions or regions. Students are encouraged to select
religions and regions as widely divergent as possible in order to balance in-depth study
with global diversity and connection. One core course focuses on systematic thought
(ethics, philosophy of religion, or theology). The final core course is RLST 490, the
junior seminar on the academic study of religion.
Seminar requirement Before the end of the junior year, students must complete a
seminar (in addition to the junior seminar) that requires a major research paper. In
Program I, this seminar must be an elective in Religious Studies. In Program II, it
may be a course in Religious Studies, or it may constitute one of the four term courses
outside the department.
Program I. The standard major Program I consists of twelve term courses in Religious
Studies, including the core of six required courses, the two-term senior essay, and four
electives. The electives are usually selected from Groups C and D and form a coherent
unit to help the student prepare for the senior essay. Certain cognate courses in other
departments that are integral to the student's area of concentration may count toward
the major with permission of the director of undergraduate studies. Normally the
maximum number of cognate courses that may be applied is two. Two terms of an
ancient language related to the study of religion may, with permission of the director of
undergraduate studies, be counted.
Program II. Religious studies with another subject Program II consists of eight
term courses in Religious Studies (the core of six required courses and the two-term
senior essay) and four term courses outside the department, one of which may fulfill
the seminar requirement outlined above. The four courses outside the department
need not directly concern religion, but they must form a coherent, focused unit of
concentration. Through them students can develop expertise in a methodological
approach, cultural area, historical period, or body of literature contributing to the senior
essay. Examples of successful combinations might be: four courses in Chinese history,
language, and literature with a senior essay topic on Chinese Buddhism; four courses
in early American history and literature with a topic on colonial American religion;
four courses in a specific area of biology and medical science with a topic on biomedical
ethics; four courses in globalization and international relations with a topic on religion
and globalization. Each student's petition to take this program will be judged on its
contribution to the student's senior essay. Normally, introductory courses in other
departments may not count among the outside courses; appropriate language courses at
a higher level may. Students electing Program II must, at the end of the junior year and
in no case later than the beginning of the senior year, obtain approval for their proposed
596
program from the director of undergraduate studies. Students who think they may elect
this program should consult the director of undergraduate studies as early as possible in
their studies to begin suitable selection of courses.
Senior requirement Students in both programs must write a senior essay under the
supervision of a faculty adviser in the student's area of concentration. In selecting a
senior essay topic, students normally choose a subject on which they have completed
course work before commencing the senior year. The essay counts as two term courses
toward the major and is taken in both terms of the senior year. The student should
begin choosing a senior essay topic during the second term of the junior year, and early
in the first term of the senior year must submit a Statement of Intention approved by
a faculty adviser and the director of undergraduate studies. The senior essay course,
RLST 491 and 492, includes research and writing assignments as well as colloquia in
which seniors present and discuss their research. The student must submit at least ten
pages of the essay to the director of undergraduate studies by the last day of classes in
the first term in order to receive a grade of "satisfactory" for that term.
Courses in the Divinity School Students in Yale College may take certain courses in
the Divinity School, and Divinity School faculty are eligible to advise senior essays.
Information about courses and faculty may be found in the Divinity School bulletin
(http://www.yale.edu/printer/bulletin/htmlfiles/div). Some Divinity School courses
may count toward the major, with permission of the director of undergraduate studies.
Students majoring in Religious Studies who plan to do graduate work in the subject are
strongly encouraged to study languages of which a reading knowledge will be needed
for their graduate program.

Prerequisites None
Specific course required RLST 490
Distribution of courses Both programs1 course in comparative religions; 3 courses in
historical or textual study of religious traditions, as specified; 1 course in systematic
thought, as specified; 1 sem other than junior sem, as specified; Program I4
electives; Program II4 nonintro courses in another subject linked with senior
essay, approved by DUS
Substitution permitted Both programsDivinity School courses, with DUS
permission; Program I2 related courses in other depts, with DUS permission
Senior requirement Senior essay (RLST 491, 492)
Freshman Seminar
* RLST 017a, Authenticity Noreen Khawaja
The origins of personal authenticity in Western thought and the impact of this idea on
modern notions of truth, sincerity, and identity. The "true" self as a historical idea and
as a social performance. Readings in philosophy, literature, and religious thought from
antiquity to the present. Enrollment limited to freshmen. Preregistration required; see
Religious Studies
597
General, Comparative, and Thematic Courses (Group A)

RLST 111b / AMST 111b / WGSS 111b, Sexuality and Religion Kathryn Lofton
HU
* RLST 122b / MUSI 355b / SAST 373b, Music and Hinduism Staff
Surveys of Religious Traditions (Group B)

RLST 134a, Buddhism in China and Japan Staff
Introduction to Buddhism in East Asia through a close reading of original sources in
translation. Focus on the lives and teachings of several leading monks. Topics include
meditation, faith, rebirth, and secret rituals. HU
* RLST 147b / JDST 235, Introduction to Judaism in the Ancient World Steven
Fraade
The emergence of classical Judaism in its historical setting. Jews and Hellenization;
varieties of early Judaism; apocalyptic and postapocalyptic responses to suffering
and catastrophe; worship and atonement without sacrificial cult; interpretations
of scriptures; law and life; the rabbi; the synagogue; faith in reason; Sabbath and
festivals; history and its redemption. No prior background in Jewish history assumed.
HU
RLST 148a / ER&M 219a / HIST 219a / JDST 200a / MMES 149a, Jewish History and
RLST 149b / HIST 220b / JDST 201b, History of Jewish Culture, 1500 to the Present
David Sorkin
RLST 155b / MMES 193b, The Golden Age of Islam Gerhard Bwering
The development of Islamic civilization in the Middle East, North Africa, Spain, Iran,
and India from Muhammad through the Mongol invasions to the rise of the Ottoman,
Safavid, and Mughal empires (6001500 C.E.). Emphasis on the intellectual and
religious history of Islam in the age of the caliphates and during the rule of regional
dynasties. HU
598
RLST 156b, Sex in the Bible Dale Martin

A survey of the Bible from Genesis through Revelation, with a focus on depictions of
sexuality, sexual behavior, gender, and household. Issues of culture, ethics, and ideology
in the construction of sexuality and gender. HU
RLST 160a / HIST 280a / ITAL 315a, The Catholic Intellectual Tradition Carlos Eire
RLST 170a / MMES 192a, The Religion of Islam Gerhard Bwering
The rise of Islam in Arabia; Muhammad and the Qur'an; Muslim tradition and
religious law; crucial issues of Islamic philosophy and theology; basic beliefs and
practices of the Muslim community; Sufism and Shi'ism; religious institutions and
modern trends; fundamentalism and violence; freedom and democracy. HU
Topics in Religious Studies (Group C)

* RLST 185a / SAST 368a, The Mahabharata Hugh Flick
Examination of the religious and cultural significance of the world's longest epic
poem within the Hindu bhakti religious tradition. Emphasis on the core narrative, the
embedded narratives, and the internal philosophical discourses, including the Bhagavad
Gita. HU Tr
RLST 187a / HSAR 142a / SAST 265a, Introduction to the History of Art: The
Islamic contact. HU
* RLST 189a, Introduction to Indian Philosophy Phyllis Granoff
Introduction to Indian philosophy through the study of selected texts in translation.
Topics include the existence and nature of the soul. HU
RLST 193a / HIST 216a / JDST 332a / MMES 197a, Zionism Shaun Halper
* RLST 203a / JDST 339a / LITR 418a / MMES 418a, Introduction to Modern Hebrew
* RLST 204b / HIST 261Jb, Enlightenment and Religion David Sorkin
The relationship between the Enlightenment and religion, with a focus on Western and
Central Europe across confessional boundaries (Protestantism, Catholicism, Judaism).
Religious Studies
599
How Enlightenment thinkers viewed religion; uses made of the Enlightenment by

theologians and clergy. WR, HU
* RLST 233a / ENGL 346a, Poetry and Faith Christian Wiman
Issues of faith examined through poetry, with a focus on modern Christian poems from
1850 to the present. Some attention to poems from other faith traditions, as well as to
secular and antireligious poetry. HU
* RLST 240a, The Historical Jesus Dale Martin
Introduction to the study of Jesus in canonical and noncanonical sources. History of the
quest for the historical Jesus, methods for reconstructing a historical account of Jesus,
and versions of Jesus as offered by the early Gospels. No background in New Testament
assumed. WR, HU
* RLST 241a / JDST 234a, Loving God in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity
Shaun Halper
Loving God as an ideal in both Judaism and Christianity. The emergence of this ideal
from its background in ancient Near Eastern literature and culture. The principle's
development in the literature of ancient Israel and its expression in the literature of
ancient Judaism and early Christianity. HU
RLST 245b / ARCG 244b / NELC 109b, The Age of Akhenaton John Darnell
in translation. HU
RLST 276b, The Theology of Thomas Aquinas Denys Turner
Introduction to the theology and intellectual force of Thomas Aquinas (1224/51274).
Central themes of his theology, based primarily on readings in his most systematic
work, the Summa Theologiae, with some secondary readings. HU
* RLST 283b / HIST 215b, Reformation Europe, 14501650 Bruce Gordon
Examination of a series of religious revolutions in Europe between 1450 and 1650.
The causes and nature of the reformations that changed the religious, political, social,
and economic landscapes of early modern Europe and shaped the course of Western
civilization as a whole. HU
* RLST 288b / EP&E 249b / PLSC 377b, Islam and Democracy in the Modern Middle
East Andrew March
* RLST 340b / SAST 270b / THST 221b, Islamic Performance Traditions in
Contemporary South Asia Staff
Introduction to performance practices that have emerged through encounters between
Islam and South Asian cultures. The diverse meanings, pleasures, and experiences such
practices have offered practitioners and publics over time and space. Case studies of
600
Islamic performance traditions examined alongside instances of creative reinventions in

contemporary South Asia and its diasporas. HU
Advanced Topics in Religious Studies (Group D)

* RLST 400a / JDST 256a, The Dead Sea Scrolls and the History of Ancient Judaism:
The Community Rule Steven Fraade
Study of the Community Rule, one of the oldest and most central sectarian documents
among the Dead Sea Scrolls. Its liturgical, legal, and theological contents and their
influence on the organization, discipline, rhetoric, and ideology of the Qumran
community and on the community's relation to other groups and movements in ancient
Judaism. Prerequisite: reading proficiency in ancient Hebrew. L5, HU
* RLST 407a or b / JDST 391a or b, Midrash Seminar: The Song of Moses Steven
Fraade
Close reading of the earliest running commentary to Moses' farewell song in
Deuteronomy 32, as found in the collection Sifre Haazinu. The rhetoric and early
rabbinic methods of scriptural interpretation; the commentary's place in the history of
interpretation and its contributions to the historical study of ancient Jewish society and
culture. Prerequisite: reading fluency in ancient Hebrew. L5, HU
Other Courses
* RLST 488a and RLST 489b, Individual Tutorial Staff
For students who wish, under faculty supervision, to investigate an area in religious
studies not covered by regular departmental offerings. The course may be used for
research or for directed reading. A long essay or several short ones are required. To
apply, students should present a prospectus with bibliography of work they propose
to undertake to the director of undergraduate studies together with a letter of support
from the faculty member who will direct the work.
* RLST 490b, Seminar in the Study of Religion Nancy Levene
Seminar on elements of the study of religion. Topic and readings vary from year to year.
Required for all junior majors; open to others with permission of the instructor.
* RLST 491a and RLST 492b, The Senior Essay Harry Stout
Students writing their senior essays meet periodically in the fall and weekly in the
spring for a colloquium directed by the director of undergraduate studies. The essay,
written under the supervision of a member of the department, should be a substantial
paper between 12,500 and 15,000 words.

Director of undergraduate studies: Constantine Muravnik, 2710B HGS, 432-0995,
constantine.muravnik@yale.edu; yale.edu/macmillan/europeanstudies/rees_ba.htm
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE MAJOR

Professors Vladimir Alexandrov (Slavic Languages & Literatures), Paul Bushkovitch
(History), Katerina Clark (Comparative Literature, Slavic Languages & Literatures),
Laura Engelstein (History), John Gaddis (History), Harvey Goldblatt (Slavic Languages
& Literatures), John MacKay (Slavic Languages & Literatures, Film & Media Studies),
Timothy Snyder (History)
601
Associate Professors Jason Lyall (Political Science), Douglas Rogers (Anthropology),

Marci Shore (History)
Assistant Professors Marijeta Bozovic (Slavic Languages & Literatures), Molly Brunson
(Slavic Languages & Literatures), Bella Grigoryan (Slavic Languages & Literatures)
Lecturer Hilary Fink
Senior Lectors II Irina Dolgova, Constantine Muravnik
Senior Lectors Krystyna Illakowicz, Julia Titus, Karen von Kunes
The major in Russian and East European Studies, administered by the Department
of Slavic Languages and Literatures, offers an interdisciplinary approach to the study
of a broad region: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, the Caucasus, and Central Asia; Poland,
Hungary, the Czech and Slovak Republics, and other areas in east central Europe;
and the Balkans. The program is appropriate for students considering careers in
international public policy, diplomacy, or business, and is also suited to students
wishing to continue academic work.
Languages A full understanding of the area demands knowledge of its languages.
Students must demonstrate either proficiency in Russian or intermediate-level ability
in an East European language. Students may demonstrate proficiency in Russian
by (1) completing fourth-year Russian (RUSS 160, 161); (2) passing a written
examination to demonstrate equivalent ability; or (3) completing a literature course
taught in Russian and approved by the director of undergraduate studies. Students
may demonstrate intermediate-level ability in an East European language by (1)
completing a two-year sequence in an East European language (currently Czech,
Polish, Romanian, or Ukrainian; students interested in studying other East European
languages should contact the director of undergraduate studies); or (2) by passing a
language examination demonstrating equivalent ability. Students are encouraged to
learn more than one language.
Course requirements Thirteen term courses taken for a letter grade are required for
the major. Students must take one course in Russian or East European history selected
in consultation with the director of undergraduate studies. If Russian is presented as
the primary language to satisfy the requirements of the major, then all East European
language courses and third- and fourth-year Russian courses count toward the major.
If an East European language other than Russian is presented as the primary language,
then all courses in that language designated L3 or higher count toward the major.
Electives are chosen in consultation with the director of undergraduate studies from
an annual list of offerings. Electives must include at least one course in a social science.
Other undergraduate courses relevant to Russian and East European Studies, including
residential college seminars, may also count toward the major if approved by the
director of undergraduate studies. Qualified students may elect pertinent courses in the
Graduate School with the permission of the instructor, the director of graduate studies,
and the director of undergraduate studies.
Senior requirement Every major must write a senior essay in RSEE 490, 491. At the
beginning of the senior year, students enroll in RSEE 490 and arrange for a faculty
member to serve as senior adviser. By the third Friday of October, majors submit a
detailed prospectus of the essay, with bibliography, to the adviser. A draft of at least
602
ten pages of the text of the essay, or a detailed outline of the entire essay, is due to the
adviser by the last day of reading period. The student provides the adviser with a form
that the adviser signs to notify the director of undergraduate studies that the first-term
requirements for the senior essay have been met. Failure to meet these requirements
results in loss of credit for RSEE 490. The senior essay takes the form of a substantial
article, no longer than 13,000 words, excluding footnotes and bibliography. Three
copies of the essay are due in the Slavic departmental office by April 15, 2016. A member
of the faculty other than the adviser grades the essay.
Study and travel Students should be aware of opportunities for study and travel
in Russia and eastern Europe. The director of undergraduate studies can provide
information on these programs and facilitate enrollment. Students who spend all or
part of the academic year in the region participating in established academic programs
usually receive Yale College credit, and are strongly encouraged to take advantage of
study abroad opportunities during summers or through the Year or Term Abroad
program. Students wishing to travel abroad as part of the major should consult the
director of undergraduate studies by October 1.
M.A. program The European and Russian Studies program does not offer the
simultaneous award of the B.A. and M.A. degrees. However, students in Yale College
are eligible to complete the M.A. in European and Russian Studies (with concentration
in Russia and eastern Europe) in one year of graduate work. Students interested in this
option must complete eight graduate courses in the area by the time they complete the
bachelor's degree. Only two courses may be counted toward both the graduate degree
and the undergraduate major. Successful completion of graduate courses while still an
undergraduate does not guarantee admission into the M.A. program. Students must
submit the standard application for admission to the M.A. program.

Prerequisite or corequisite Demonstrated proficiency in Russian or intermediate-level
ability in an East European lang
Number of courses 13 term courses (incl senior essay and specified lang courses)
Distribution of courses 1 course in Russian or East European hist approved by DUS;
at least 1 course in social sciences
Senior requirement Senior essay (RSEE 490, 491)
* RSEE 240a / CZEC 246a / FILM 364a, Milos Forman and His Films Karen von
Kunes
RSEE 254b / LITR 245b / RUSS 254b, Novels of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky Vladimir
Alexandrov
English. HU
603
RSEE 390b / HIST 237b / RUSS 241b, Russian Culture: The Modern Age Paul
Bushkovitch
* RSEE 490a and RSEE 491b, The Senior Essay Constantine Muravnik
Preparation of the senior essay under faculty supervision. The essay grade becomes the
grade for both terms of the course. Required of all seniors majoring in Russian and East
European Studies. Credit for RSEE 490 only on completion of RSEE 491.
Related Courses That Count toward the Major

Students are encouraged to examine the offerings in Slavic Languages and Literatures
and other departments, as well as residential college seminars, for additional related
courses that may count toward the major.
HIST 261a / PLSC 176a, The Cold War John Gaddis
HIST 263a, Eastern Europe to 1914 Timothy Snyder
Eastern Europe from the medieval state to the rise of modern nationalism. The
Ottoman Empire, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Hapsburg monarchy, and
various native currents. Themes include religious diversity, the constitution of empire,
and the emergence of secular political ideologies. HU
* HIST 270Ja, Philosophy of History in Central Europe Marci Shore
Ways in which central European philosophers before, during, and after the communist
period grappled with the meaning of history, the role of the individual within history,
and the space for ethics within historical determinism. Philosophy of history as an
604
aspect of, and response to, the totalitarian experiments of the twentieth century. WR,
HU
* HIST 274Jb, Stalin and the Soviet Union, 19201939 Sarah Brinegar
The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, including the violent collectivization of
agriculture, rapid industrialization, the Great Terror, and the introduction of mass
education and literacy. The creation of the Stalinist state and the so-called revolution
from above; how people lived and understood the Soviet experience; achievements
sought by the Soviet experiment; the relationship between Leninism and Stalinism.
WR, HU
Science
Yale College offers a yearlong interdepartmental course sequence for freshmen with
strong preparation in the sciences who do not intend to major in science. SCIE 030 and
031, Current Topics in Science, presents a broader range of topics than standard courses
and highlights the interdependence of the scientific disciplines. Application information
is available on the Freshman Seminar Web site (http://yalecollege.yale.edu/content/
freshman-seminar-program-2).
Courses
* SCIE 030a and SCIE 031b, Current Topics in Science Douglas Kankel
A series of modules in lecture and discussion format addressing scientific issues arising
in current affairs. Topics are selected for their scientific interest and contemporary
relevance, and may include global warming, human cloning, and the existence of
extrasolar planets. Credit for SCIE 030 only on completion of SCIE 031; one course
credit is awarded for successful completion of the year's work. Enrollment limited
to freshmen. Preregistration required; see under Freshman Seminar Program. SC
Course cr per term

Director of undergraduate studies: Constantine Muravnik, 2710B HGS, 432-0995,
constantine.muravnik@yale.edu; language coordinator: Irina Dolgova, 2704A HGS,
432-1307, irina.dolgova@yale.edu; slavic.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SLAVIC LANGUAGES AND

LITERATURES
Professors Vladimir Alexandrov, Katerina Clark, Harvey Goldblatt, John MacKay
Assistant Professors Marijeta Bozovic, Molly Brunson, Bella Grigoryan
Lecturer Hilary Fink
Senior Lectors II Irina Dolgova, Constantine Muravnik
Senior Lectors Krystyna Illakowicz, Julia Titus, Karen von Kunes
The major in Russian offered by the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures
acquaints students with Russian literature and culture, develops students' appreciation
605
of literary values and skill in literary analysis, and gives them a basic competence in
Russian. For an area major in Russian studies, see Russian and East European Studies
(p. 600), an interdisciplinary program administered by the Department of Slavic
Languages and Literatures.
Students majoring in Russian may concentrate exclusively on Russian language and
literature (Program I), or they may elect to study Russian literature in the context of
comparative studies of literature (Program II). For Program II, credit is given for work
done in other departments. Specific courses in each program must be arranged with
the director of undergraduate studies. Students interested in specializing in Russian or
Slavic linguistics may arrange a special concentration in linguistics with the director of
The major Prerequisite to the major in both programs is RUSS 151. The department
offers two sequences of language courses to fulfill the prerequisite: either (1) RUSS 110,
120, 130, 140, 150, and 151 or (2) RUSS 125, 145, 150, and 151. Prospective majors should
complete RUSS 140 or 145 by the end of their sophomore year or accelerate their
course of study by taking summer courses or studying abroad. While completing the
prerequisite, students are encouraged to begin fulfilling requirements of the major that
do not presuppose advanced knowledge of Russian by taking courses in Russian history
and Russian literature in translation.
In addition to the prerequisite, the major in Russian requires at least eleven term
courses, which must include the following (some courses may fulfill more than one
requirement):
1. Two terms of Russian literature in translation: RUSS 250 and 253.
2. Fourth-year Russian: RUSS 160 and 161.
3. Two terms of Russian literature read and discussed in the original language,
typically selected from Group A courses numbered 170 or above.
4. At least two term courses in Russian literature of the nineteenth century and two
in Russian literature of the twentieth century. Students should select courses from
Group A and from the 250 series with this requirement in mind.
5. RUSS 490. The senior essay is the intellectual culmination of the student's work in
the major. All primary sources used in the essay must be read in Russian.
In addition to the requirements above, each program requires the following:
Program I One term course in the history or culture of Russia, selected in consultation
with the director of undergraduate studies; three additional term courses in the
Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures above RUSS 151. These may include
literature courses taught either in translation or in the original, advanced language
training courses, or graduate courses.
Program II Four term courses outside the Department of Slavic Languages and
Literatures that are relevant to the major in the context of comparative studies of
literature, selected in consultation with the director of undergraduate studies.
Senior requirement All majors write a senior essay (RUSS 490), an independent
project carried out under the guidance of a faculty member. Three copies of the essay
are due in the Slavic departmental office on April 15, 2016.
606
Placement examination The online departmental placement examination will be

available from July 1 through August 15; see the Center for Language Study Web site
(http://cls.yale.edu/placement-testing) for more information. Students who have
studied Russian elsewhere must take the placement examination before enrolling in
any Russian language course at Yale. For further information consult Irina Dolgova
(irina.dolgova@yale.edu), language coordinator, 432-1307.
Graduate courses Courses in the Graduate School are open to qualified undergraduates
with permission of the instructor and of the director of graduate studies. Course
descriptions are available at the office of the director of undergraduate studies.
Study abroad Students majoring in Russian are strongly encouraged to spend a
summer or a term studying in the Russian Federation under the auspices of programs
approved by the director of undergraduate studies. Language courses taken during the
summer or during a term in Russia in approved programs may substitute for certain
advanced Russian courses at Yale. Students interested in study abroad should consult
the director of undergraduate studies well before their junior year.

Prerequisite RUSS 151
Number of courses 11 term courses beyond prereq (incl senior essay)
Specific courses required Both programsRUSS 160, 161, 250, 253
Distribution of courses Both programs2 terms of 19th-century Russian lit; 2 terms of
20th-century Russian lit; 2 courses from Group A numbered 170 or above; Program
I1 course in hist or culture of Russia; 3 addtl courses in dept of Slavic Langs and
Lits above level of RUSS 151; Program II4 courses relevant to major in other
depts, with DUS approval
Senior requirement Senior essay (RUSS 490)
Czech, Polish, Romanian, and Ukrainian

CZEC 110a, Elementary Czech I Karen von Kunes
A comprehensive introduction to Czech for students with no previous knowledge of the
language. Essentials of grammar, with emphasis on oral proficiency, reading, writing,
and listening comprehension. Newspaper articles, annotated excerpts from Capek's
R.U.R., Hasek's Svejk, Kundera's Joke and Unbearable Lightness of Being, and Havel's
Private View. Audio- and videotapes. Credit only on completion of CZEC 120. L1 RP
1 Course cr
CZEC 120b, Elementary Czech II Karen von Kunes
Continuation of CZEC 110. After CZEC 110 or equivalent. L2 RP 1 Course cr
CZEC 130a, Intermediate Czech Karen von Kunes
Continuation of CZEC 120. Grammar and usage, with emphasis on idiomatic
expressions, syntax, and stylistics. Readings in modern Czech history, prose, and
poetry; discussion of economic, political, and social issues. After CZEC 120 or
607
CZEC 140b, Advanced Czech Karen von Kunes

Continuation of CZEC 130. Emphasis on writing skills and spoken literary Czech. After
CZEC 130 or equivalent. L4 RP 1 Course cr
* CZEC 246a / FILM 364a / RSEE 240a, Milos Forman and His Films Karen von
Kunes
PLSH 130a, Intermediate Polish I Krystyna Illakowicz
A reading and conversation course conducted in Polish. Systematic review of grammar;
practice in speaking and composition; reading of selected texts, including poetry. Use of
video materials. After PLSH 120 or equivalent. L3 RP 1 Course cr
PLSH 140b, Intermediate Polish II Krystyna Illakowicz
Continuation of PLSH 130. After PLSH 130 or equivalent. L4 RP 1 Course cr
* PLSH 150a or b, Advanced Polish Krystyna Illakowicz
Improvement of high-level language skills through reading, comprehension,
discussion, and writing. Focus on the study of language through major literary and
cultural texts, as well as through film and other media. Exploration of major historical
and cultural themes. Prerequisite: PLSH 140 or equivalent. L5
* ROMN 110a, Elementary Romanian I Staff
The first half of a two-term introduction to Romanian language, grammar, and
cultural literacy centered around the theme of life in Bucharest. Topics, vocabulary,
and grammar lessons based on everyday linguistic interactions in the city. Course
taught through distance learning using videoconferencing technology from
Columbia University. Enrollment limited; interested students should e-mail
minjin.hashbat@yale.edu for more information. Credit only on completion of ROMN
120. L1
* ROMN 120b, Elementary Romanian II Staff
The second half of a two-term introduction to Romanian language, grammar, and
cultural literacy centered around the theme of life in Bucharest. Topics, vocabulary,
and grammar lessons based on everyday linguistic interactions in the city. Prerequisite:
ROMN 110. Course taught through distance learning using videoconferencing
technology from Columbia University. Enrollment limited; interested students should
e-mail minjin.hashbat@yale.edu for more information. L2
* ROMN 130a, Intermediate Romanian I Staff
Continuation of ROMN 120, with attention to all four language skills and to cultural
literacy. Students reach B2 level in compliance with the Common European Framework
of Reference for Languages (CEFRL). Prerequisite: ROMN 120 or equivalent.
Course taught through distance learning using videoconferencing technology
from Columbia University. Enrollment limited; interested students should e-mail
minjin.hashbat@yale.edu for more information. L3
* ROMN 140b, Intermediate Romanian II Staff
Continuation of ROMN 130, with attention to all four language skills and to cultural
literacy. Students reach C1 level in compliance with the Common European Framework
608
of Reference for Languages (CEFRL). Course taught through distance learning

using videoconferencing technology from Columbia University. Enrollment limited;
interested students should e-mail minjin.hashbat@yale.edu for more information. L4
* UKRN 110a, Elementary Ukrainian I Staff
The first half of a two-term introduction to Ukrainian for students with no previous
knowledge of the language. Emphasis on speaking, reading, listening, and writing
skills. Topics, vocabulary, and grammar lessons based on everyday linguistic
interactions. Course taught through distance learning using videoconferencing
e-mail minjin.hashbat@yale.edu for more information. Credit only on completion of
UKRN 120. L1
* UKRN 120b, Elementary Ukrainian II Staff
The second half of a two-term introduction to Ukrainian for students with no
previous knowledge of the language. Emphasis on speaking, reading, listening, and
writing skills. Topics, vocabulary, and grammar lessons based on everyday linguistic
interactions. Prerequisite: UKRN 110. Course taught through distance learning
Group A
Unless otherwise noted, all Group A courses are conducted in Russian.
RUSS 110a, First-Year Russian I Staff
A video-based course designed to develop all four language skills: reading, writing,
speaking, and listening comprehension. Use of dialogues, games, and role playing.
In addition to readings in the textbook, students read original short stories and learn
Russian songs and poems. Oral and written examinations. Credit only on completion of
RUSS 120. L1 RP 1 Course cr
RUSS 120b, First-Year Russian II Julia Titus
Continuation of RUSS 110. After RUSS 110 or equivalent. L2 RP 1 Course cr
RUSS 125a, Intensive Elementary Russian Constantine Muravnik
An intensive course that covers in one term the material taught in RUSS 110 and
120. For students of superior linguistic ability. Study of Russian grammar; practice
in conversation, reading, and composition. Recommended for prospective majors in
Russian and in Russian and East European Studies. L1, L2 RP 2 Course cr
RUSS 130a, Second-Year Russian I Staff
A course to improve functional competence in all four language skills (speaking,
writing, reading, and listening comprehension). Audio activities, for use both in the
classroom and independently, are designed to help students improve their listening
comprehension skills and pronunciation. Lexical and grammatical materials are
thematically based. After RUSS 120 or equivalent. L3 RP 1 Course cr
RUSS 140b, Second-Year Russian II Irina Dolgova
609
RUSS 145b, Intensive Intermediate Russian Constantine Muravnik

A continuation of RUSS 125 that covers in one term the material taught in RUSS 130
and 140. For students of superior linguistic ability. Prerequisite: RUSS 125. L3, L4 RP
2 Course cr
RUSS 150a, Third-Year Russian I Constantine Muravnik
Intensive practice in conversation and composition accompanied by review and
refinement of grammar. Readings from nineteenth- and twentieth-century literature,
selected readings in Russian history and current events, and videotapes and films are
used as the basis of structured conversation, composition, and grammatical exercises.
Oral and written examinations. Audiovisual work in the Center for Language Study
required. After RUSS 140 or 145 or equivalent. L5 RP 1 Course cr
RUSS 151b, Third-Year Russian II Constantine Muravnik
* RUSS 156b, Advanced Conversation in Contemporary Russia Irina Dolgova
A course for intermediate and advanced students, with a focus on achieving the level of
oral and written proficiency necessary for engaging in intelligent discourse on current
issues. Attention to the sociopolitical, economic, and cultural realities of the modern
Russian Federation and Russian-speaking world. Extensive exposure to materials of
various media; intensive conversation practice.
After RUSS 151 or equivalent. L5
RUSS 160a, Fourth-Year Russian I Irina Dolgova
Discussion topics include Russian culture, literature, and self-identity; the old and new
capitals of Russia, the cultural impact of the Russian Orthodox Church, and Russia at
war. Readings from mass media, textbooks, and classic and modern literature. Use of
video materials. After RUSS 151 or equivalent. L5
RUSS 161b, Fourth-Year Russian II Irina Dolgova
Continuation of RUSS 160. After RUSS 160 or equivalent. L5
* RUSS 174a, The Russian Works of Vladimir Nabokov Constantine Muravnik
An aesthetic reading of Vladimir Nabokov's Russian works. Nabokov as a writer
who first and foremost was interested in the question of the ontological significance
of art and, consequently, in various modes of the artist's relationship to the world.
Prerequisite: RUSS 150 or equivalent, or with permission of instructor. L5, HU RP
* RUSS 178b, The Russian Short Story Julia Titus
Chronological study of celebrated Russian short stories. Authors include Pushkin,
Gogol, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov, Nabokov, and Tolstaya. Readings and discussion
in Russian. Prerequisite: RUSS 140, 145, or equivalent. L5, HU
Group B
The courses in this group, conducted in English, are open to all Yale College students.
* PLSH 248b / THST 370b, Polish Theater and Its Traditions Krystyna Illakowicz
Exploration of the rebellious, defiant, and explosive nature of Polish theater, including
ways in which theater has challenged, ridiculed, dissected, and disabled oppressive
political power. Polish experimental and absurdist traditions that resulted from a
merger of the artistic and the political; environmental and community traditions of
610
the Reduta Theatre; Polish-American theater connections. Includes attendance at live

theater events as well as meetings with Polish theater groups and actors. HU Tr
* RUSS 023b, Storytelling and the Russian Tradition Bella Grigoryan
An introduction to modern Russian literature via the genre of the short story. A
sustained examination of the relationship between various modes of storytelling and
modern literature. Emphasis on the aesthetic and ideological uses of storytelling in
masterpieces of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Russian prose fiction. Enrollment
WR, HU Tr
RUSS 241b / HIST 237b / RSEE 390b, Russian Culture: The Modern Age Paul
Bushkovitch
RUSS 250a, Masterpieces of Russian Literature I Bella Grigoryan
Introduction to major texts of the nineteenth-century Russian literary tradition.
Works by Pushkin, Gogol, Lermontov, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, and Chekhov
examined in their social and historical contexts. Emphasis on the authors' use of
genre, language, and literary devices to explore pressing questions posed by Russian
modernity. Readings and discussion in English. HU Tr
RUSS 253a, Masterpieces of Russian Literature II Staff
A survey of major writers and literary movements, focusing on the intersection of art
and revolution in twentieth-century Russian literature. The Symbolists and Decadents
at the end of the nineteenth century; the reception of the 1917 Revolution by Russian
writers in the 1920s; the formation of Stalinist literary orthodoxy and reactions against
it; contemporary literary rebellions against the political and artistic legacies of the
past. Works by Chekhov, Bely, Babel, Akhmatova, Bulgakov, Pasternak, and Pelevin.
Readings and discussion in English. HU Tr
RUSS 254b / LITR 245b / RSEE 254b, Novels of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky Vladimir
Alexandrov
English. HU Tr
* RUSS 316b, Russian Literature in the Context of Western Philosophy Hilary Fink
Intensive analysis of Dostoevsky's Notes from the Underground, Tolstoys The Death
of Ivan Ilich and The Cossacks, and selected short stories by Chekhov. The works are
examined through the prism of such Western philosophers as Rousseau, Schiller,
Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Bergson, and Heidegger. Some attention to
Russian philosophy in relation to the Russian literary tradition. HU Tr
Sociology
611
* SLAV 206a, The Slavic Peoples and Their Languages: From Unity to Diversity
Harvey Goldblatt
Examination of the linguistic and cultural history of the Slavs from their prehistoric
period up to the formation of the diverse Slavic languages, the individual Slavic states,
and their national literatures. Readings and discussion in English. HU
Group C
* RUSS 480a and RUSS 481b, Directed Reading in Russian Literature Staff
Individual study under the supervision of a faculty member selected by the student.
Applicants must submit a prospectus approved by the adviser to the director of
undergraduate studies by the end of the first week of classes in the term in which
the course is taken. The student meets with the adviser at least one hour each week,
and takes a final examination or writes a term paper. No credit granted without prior
approval of the director of undergraduate studies.
* RUSS 490a or b, The Senior Essay Staff
Research and writing on a topic of the student's own devising. Regular meetings with
an adviser as the work progresses from prospectus to final form.
* SLAV 485a or b, Directed Reading or Individual Research in Slavic Languages and
Literatures Staff
Individual study under the supervision of a faculty member selected by the student.
Applicants must submit a prospectus approved by the adviser to the director of
undergraduate studies by the end of the first week of classes in the term in which
the course is taken. The student meets with the adviser at least one hour each week,
and takes a final examination or writes a term paper. No credit granted without prior
approval of the director of undergraduate studies.
Sociology
Director of undergraduate studies: Frederick Wherry, 493 College St., 432-3793,
frederick.wherry@yale.edu [F]; Andrew Papachristos, 493 College St., 432-3345,
andrew.papachristos@yale.edu [Sp]; www.yale.edu/sociology
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY

Professors Julia Adams, Jeffrey Alexander, Elijah Anderson, James Baron, Scott
Boorman, Nicholas Christakis, Paul Cleary, Deborah Davis, Ron Eyerman, Philip
Gorski, Peter Salovey, Vicki Schultz, Philip Smith, Olav Sorensen, Frederick
Wherry
Associate Professors Issa Kohler-Hausmann, Andrew Papachristos
Assistant Professors Rene Almeling, Emily Erikson, Justin Farrell, Lloyd Grieger,
Marissa King, Vida Maralani, Jonathan Wyrtzen
Lecturers Jasmina Besirevic-Regan, Matthew Mahler
Sociology provides the theoretical and empirical foundation for understanding how
societies function and how they change over time. Sociologists are interested in the
causes and consequences of processes such as the social construction of groups and
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identity, the evolution of culture, intersubjective meanings, intergroup relations,

and hierarchies and social norms. They conduct research on individual behavior and
outcomes such as educational attainment, jobs and careers, religious commitment, and
political involvement; interpersonal processes such as intimate relationships, sexuality,
social interaction in groups, and social networks; the behaviors of organizations and
institutions; the causes and consequences of group differences and social inequality;
and social change at the societal and global level.
The Sociology major provides both a solid foundation for students interested in careers
in the social sciences and a strong background for a variety of professions in which
knowledge about social processes and how societies work is relevant. Many recent
graduates have gone on to law school, medical school, or graduate programs in public
health, business, education, urban planning, criminology, or sociology. Others work
in finance, consulting, publishing, marketing, city planning, teaching, research, and
advocacy.
The Sociology department offers four undergraduate programs leading to the B.A.
degree: (1) the standard program focuses on sociological concepts, theories, and
methods; (2) a combined program allows students to combine sociology with a
concentration in another field; (3) a concentration in markets and society focuses on
the cultural frameworks, social ties, and social institutions that give rise to markets and
that shape economic behavior; (4) a concentration in health and society emphasizes
social processes as they affect health and medicine. Students interested in the major
are encouraged to contact the director of undergraduate studies early in their academic
careers to discuss potential options.
Prerequisite Students interested in the Sociology major should complete either a
freshman seminar or at least one introductory course (numbered SOCY 110149) by
the end of the sophomore year. This course may be applied toward the requirements
of the major. The director of undergraduate studies can waive the introductory course
requirement for students who demonstrate adequate preparation for advanced course
work in sociology. All students interested in the Sociology major should meet with the
director of undergraduate studies no later than the beginning of the junior year to elect
a program of study.
Division of courses Courses in Sociology are divided by level, with introductory
courses numbered from 110 to 149, courses in sociological theory from 150 to 159,
courses in sociological methods from 160 to 169, intermediate courses from 150 to 299,
advanced courses in the 300s, and individual study and research courses in the 400s.
Freshman seminars are numbered below 100 and count as introductory or intermediate
courses. In addition, qualified students may petition to enroll in graduate courses, with
permission of the instructor and the director of graduate studies. A list of graduate
courses and descriptions is available from the director of undergraduate studies.
Credit/D/Fail courses A maximum of two courses taken Credit/D/Fail may be
counted toward the requirements of the major.
Program I. The standard major The requirements for the standard major are:
1. Thirteen term courses in sociology (including the prerequisite and senior
colloquium), of which normally no more than two may be drawn from outside the
Sociology
613
Sociology department. At least one must be an introductory Sociology course or a

substitute approved by the director of undergraduate studies, but no more than two
introductory courses may count toward the total.
2. Two courses in sociological theory and two in sociological methods, normally
completed by the end of the junior year. SOCY 151, Foundations of Modern Social
Theory, and 152, Topics in Contemporary Social Theory, are the required courses
for theory. SOCY 160, Methods of Inquiry, and one additional Sociology course
numbered SOCY 161169 are required for methods. Other methods courses
from outside the department can be approved at the discretion of the director of
undergraduate studies. Students planning to study abroad in their junior year are
strongly encouraged to begin meeting the theory and methods requirements in
their sophomore year. They should also discuss the options for their course of study
with the director of undergraduate studies before finalizing their plans.
3. One advanced seminar in Sociology (SOCY 300399).
4. For students in the intensive major, a two-term senior essay and colloquium,
SOCY 493, 494. Students in the nonintensive major take one additional 300-level
seminar in Sociology and write a one-term senior essay in SOCY 491.
Program II. Sociology with another subject The combined program allows students
to unite the study of sociology with the study of another discipline or substantive area,
and to design a program that satisfies their own interests and career plans. By the
beginning of the junior year, participants in the combined program are expected to
consult with the director of undergraduate studies in order to obtain approval for their
course of study. The requirements for Program II are:
1. Thirteen term courses (including the prerequisite and senior colloquium), of which
at least nine and no more than ten are selected from Sociology, the remainder being
chosen from another department or program. At least one must be an introductory
Sociology course or a substitute approved by the director of undergraduate studies,
but no more than two introductory courses in any department or program may
count toward the total. The courses outside Sociology must constitute a coherent
unit alone and form a logical whole when combined with the Sociology courses.
2. Two courses in sociological theory and two in sociological methods, normally
completed by the end of the junior year. SOCY 151, Foundations of Modern Social
Theory, and 152, Topics in Contemporary Social Theory, are the required courses
for theory. SOCY 160, Methods of Inquiry, and one additional Sociology course
numbered SOCY 161169 are required for methods. Other methods courses
from outside the department can be approved at the discretion of the director of
undergraduate studies. Students planning to study abroad in their junior year are
strongly encouraged to begin meeting the theory and methods requirements in
their sophomore year. They should also discuss the options for their course of study
with the director of undergraduate studies before finalizing their plans.
3. One advanced seminar in Sociology (SOCY 300399).
4. A one- or two-term senior essay in which the student integrates sociology and
the other subject chosen. Students in the intensive major write a two-term senior
essay and attend a yearlong biweekly colloquium (SOCY 493, 494). Students in the
nonintensive major take one additional 300-level seminar in Sociology and write a
one-term senior essay in SOCY 491.
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Program III. Concentration in markets and society Students in the markets and
society concentration gain a broad understanding of markets and their relationship
to social networks, religion, the state, and culture. Students explore the field of
economic sociology, develop insights into market logics and economic outcomes, and
develop skills in network analysis. Application is required to the markets and society
concentration, using a form downloaded from the Sociology department Web site
(http://sociology.yale.edu). Requirements for the concentration are:
1. Thirteen term courses in sociology (including the prerequisite and senior
colloquium). At least one must be an introductory Sociology course or a substitute
approved by the director of undergraduate studies, but no more than two
introductory courses in any department or program may count toward the total.
Up to four courses may be drawn from outside the Sociology department, with
approval from the director of undergraduate studies.
2. Two courses in sociological methods, one in network analysis (e.g., SOCY 167,
Social Networks and Society) and another in statistics (e.g., SOCY 162, Methods in
Quantitative Analysis).
3. SOCY 321, Sociology of Markets. A different seminar may fulfill this requirement
with approval from the director of undergraduate studies.
4. One additional intermediate or advanced course in economic sociology. Suitable
courses include SOCY 219, Economic Sociology; SOCY 318, Debates over
Capitalism; and SOCY 395, Wealth and Poverty in Modern China. An intermediate
or advanced course in economic anthropology (e.g., ANTH 346, Anthropological
Approaches to Capitalism) or a course in economic history or behavioral economics
may fulfill this requirement with approval from the director of undergraduate
studies.
5. At least one intermediate or advanced course in microeconomics (e.g., ECON 121 or
125).
6. A one- or two- term senior essay integrating sociology with business, markets, or
economic behavior. Students in the intensive major write a two-term senior essay
and attend the yearlong biweekly colloquium (SOCY 493, 494). Students in the
nonintensive major take one additional 300-level seminar in Sociology and write a
one-term senior essay in SOCY 491.
Program IV. Concentration in health and society Students in the health and society
concentration gain a broad understanding of how supraindividual factors such as
socioeconomic inequality, demographic processes, neighborhood environments,
cultural norms, and social networks affect health and medical care. Students explore
the fields of medical sociology, stratification, demography, and network science. The
core courses in the concentration satisfy the social science requirements of premedical
programs while also providing a solid foundation for students interested in public
health, health policy, and global health. Application is required to the health and society
concentration, using a form downloaded from the Sociology department Web site
(http://sociology.yale.edu/academics/undergraduate-program/health-and-societyapplication). Requirements for the concentration are:
1. Thirteen term courses in Sociology (including the prerequisite and senior
colloquium). Up to five course credits may be drawn from outside the Sociology
department, with approval from the director of undergraduate studies.
Sociology
615
2. SOCY 126, Health of the Public, the gateway course for the concentration.
3. SOCY 151, Foundations of Modern Social Theory, is highly recommended.
4. A course in statistics: SOCY 162, Methods in Quantitative Sociology, or
STAT 103, Introduction to Statistics: Social Sciences, or GLBL 121, Applied
Quantitative Analysis, or a higher-level statistics course approved by the director of
5. SOCY 160, Methods of Inquiry, or a comparable course approved by the director of
6. In order to build a broad base of interdisciplinary knowledge on health, students
may take up to five course credits from outside the Sociology department. It is
recommended that students select at least one course credit from the following:
BIOL 101, Biochemistry and Biophysics; BIOL 102, Principles of Cell Biology and
Membrane Physiology; BIOL 103, Genes and Development; BIOL 104, Principles
of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; MATH 112, Calculus of Functions of One
Variable I (or higher-level Mathematics course); ECON 170, Health Economics and
Public Policy.
7. Two upper-level Sociology seminars selected from the following: SOCY 341,
Poverty and Social Welfare Policy in the United States; SOCY 314, Inequality in
America; SOCY 361, Demography, Gender, and Health; SOCY 390, Politics of
Reproduction; other courses approved by the director of undergraduate studies.
8. A one- or two-term senior essay integrating sociology with health and medicine.
Students in the intensive major write a two-term senior essay and attend the
yearlong biweekly colloquium (SOCY 493, 494). Students in the nonintensive
major take one additional 300-level seminar in Sociology and write a one-term
senior essay in SOCY 491.
Senior requirement for the nonintensive major Students electing the nonintensive
major take one additional seminar in Sociology (SOCY 300399) and write a
one-credit senior essay during the senior year (SOCY 491). The senior essay for
nonintensive majors is intended to be an in-depth scholarly review and critical analysis
based on secondary sources. Students select an important topic in any sociological
field and write a literature review that evaluates what is known about the topic. All
nonintensive majors are required to enroll in SOCY 491 to receive credit for the
senior essay. To register for this course, students must submit a written plan of study
approved by a faculty adviser to the director of undergraduate studies no later than
the end of registration period in the term in which the senior essay is to be written.
Nonintensive majors are not eligible to graduate with Distinction in the Major.
Senior requirement for the intensive major The intensive major gives students
an opportunity to undertake a yearlong program of original research resulting in a
contribution to sociological knowledge. The yearlong project requires substantial
independent research and knowledge of a sociological subfield. Students use
research methods such as data gathering through participant observation, in-depth
interviewing, administration of small-scale surveys, or secondary analysis of existing
data. They may present findings in a variety of forms, from ethnographic narratives to
analytical statistics. Students select primary and secondary advisers from the faculty.
Students in the intensive major enroll in SOCY 493, 494, Senior Essay and Colloquium
for Intensive Majors, during their senior year. The colloquium provides a forum for
616
discussing the research process and for presenting students' research at various stages.
Intensive majors are eligible to graduate with Distinction in the Major if they meet
the grade standards for Distinctionsee under Honors (p. 31) in the Undergraduate
Curriculum (p. 18) sectionand submit a senior essay written in SOCY 493, 494.
Admission to the intensive major Candidates for the intensive major should apply
to the director of undergraduate studies by the last day of classes in the spring term
of their junior year. The intensive major is especially recommended for students
considering graduate school or social research. In special circumstances, applications
may be accepted through the end of registration period in the first term of the senior
year. Applications should include a one-page statement of interest that includes a list
of relevant courses taken and identifies a prospective senior essay adviser. Admission
is based on performance and promise. The director of undergraduate studies and the
senior essay adviser serve as advisers to seniors in the intensive major.

Prerequisite 1 freshman sem or intro course (SOCY 110149) or equivalent
Number of courses 13 term courses (incl prereq and senior essay)
Specific courses required Programs I and IISOCY 151, 152, 160, 1 addtl course from
SOCY 161169; Program III SOCY 321; Program IVSOCY 126, 160
Distribution of courses All programsno more than 2 intro courses; Program I1 sem
from SOCY 300399; Program II9 or 10 courses in Sociology; 3 or 4 courses from
another dept; 1 sem from SOCY 300399; Program III2 courses in methods, as
specified; 1 intermed or adv course in economic sociology; 1 intermed or adv course
in microecon; Program IV1 course in stat, as specified; 2 sems from SOCY 300
399, as specified
Substitution permitted Program Iup to 2 courses from other depts; Program IIIup
to 4 courses from other depts, with DUS approval; Program IVup to 5 courses
from other depts, with DUS approval
Senior requirement Nonintensive major1 addtl 300-level Sociology sem and senior
essay (SOCY 491); Intensive majortwo-term senior essay (SOCY 493, 494)
* SOCY 018a, The Sociological Imagination Julia Adams
Introduction to the linked study of sociology and modernity. Topics include the
dramatic rise of capitalism; colonialism and empire; the advent of democracy and
bureaucracy; the world-historical invention of the individual; and the contested role of
religion in modernity. Readings from classical and contemporary authors. SO
SOCY 126b / DEVN 197b / HLTH 140b, Health of the Public: Medicine and Disease in
Sociology
617
* SOCY 132a or b / CHLD 132a or b / PSYC 132a or b, The Concept of the Problem
SOCY 133a, Computers, Networks, and Society Scott Boorman
Comparison of major algorithm-centered approaches to the analysis of complex social
network and organizational data. Fundamental principles for developing a disciplined
and coherent perspective on the effects of modern information technology on societies
worldwide. Software warfare and algorithm sabotage; blockmodeling and privacy;
legal, ethical, and policy issues. No prior experience with computers required. SO RP
SOCY 147b, Introduction to Social Policy Analysis Scott Boorman
The capabilities and limitations of four fundamental tools of policy: markets, networks,
bureaucracy, and legislation. Examples from the policy history of the United States
since the 1930s and from formal models of social structure and process. SO
Courses in Sociological Theory

Open to all students without prerequisite.
SOCY 151a / PLSC 290a, Foundations of Modern Social Theory Emily Erikson
Major works of social thought from the beginning of the modern era through the
1920s. Attention to social and intellectual contexts, conceptual frameworks and
methods, and contributions to contemporary social analysis. Writers include Hobbes,
Locke, Rousseau, Kant, Adam Smith, Marx, Freud, Peirce, Weber, and Durkheim. SO
Courses in Sociological Methods

* SOCY 160a, Methods of Inquiry Matthew Mahler
The theory and practice of social inquiry. How social scientistsand aspiring social
scientistsactually do their work, including designing research, sampling and
measuring, and interpreting results. Examination of thesis proposal writing; ethical
quandaries involved in social research. No background in social research assumed. SO
* SOCY 162a, Methods in Quantitative Sociology Vida Maralani
Introduction to methods for reading and conducting quantitative sociological research.
Data description and graphical approaches to data analysis; elementary probability
theory; assumptions and properties of bivariate and multivariate linear regression;
regression diagnostics. QR, SO
* SOCY 167b, Social Networks and Society Emily Erikson
Introduction to the theory and practice of social network analysis. The role of social
networks in contemporary society; basic properties of network measures, matrices, and
statistics. Theoretical concepts such as centrality and power, cohesion and community,
structural holes, duality of persons and groups, small worlds, and diffusion and
contagion. Use of social structural, dynamic, and statistical approaches, as well as
network analysis software. No background in statistics required. SO
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The prerequisite for intermediate courses is one introductory Sociology course or
permission of the instructor.
SOCY 172b / PLSC 415b, Religion and Politics Sigrun Kahl
Muslim world. SO
* SOCY 202a, Cultural Sociology Jeffrey Alexander
Collective meanings that make a profound difference in modern societies; that are
symbolic but also sensual, emotional, and moral; that inspire ritual as well as creative
performance and strategy. Examination of codes, narratives, icons, and metaphors to
analyze how cultural structures energize capitalism, direct politics, create institutions,
inspire social movements, and motivate war and peace. SO
SOCY 208b, Guns in the United States Andrew Papachristos
Survey of historical, sociological, psychological, legal, and political research on the
multifaceted role guns play in the United States. Historical and constitutional origins of
the Second Amendment; the prevalence and distribution of guns; attitudes about gun
ownership, possession, and use; illegal and legal gun markets; gun crime and injuries
and responses to them, including legislative and political processes. SO
* SOCY 216b / EP&E 267b / WGSS 314b, Social Movements Ron Eyerman
fundamentalism. SO
* SOCY 228b, Norms and Deviance Elijah Anderson
A sociological analysis of the origins, development, and reactions surrounding deviance
in contemporary society. Group labeling, stigma, power, and competing notions of
propriety. SO
* SOCY 232b / AFST 348b / MMES 291b, Islamic Social Movements Jonathan
Wyrtzen
Jama'at. SO
Advanced Courses
Courses in this category are open to students who have completed one intermediate
course and any other specified requirement, or by permission of the instructor.
Preference is given to Sociology majors in their junior and senior years.
Sociology
619
* SOCY 314a / AFAM 273a / EP&E 244a / WGSS 316a, Inequality in America Vida
Maralani
* SOCY 319a / ER&M 419a, Ethnography of the African American Community Elijah
Anderson
* SOCY 321a / EP&E 477a, Sociology of Markets Frederick Wherry
The role of culture and politics in shaping markets. Links between social networks
and employment discrimination, religion and wealth, social relationships and financial
troubles, and culture and industry. The moral dimensions of selling organs and
intimacy. WR, SO
* SOCY 339b / AFST 373b / GLBL 362b / MMES 282b, Imperialism, Insurgency, and
* SOCY 341b, Poverty and Social Welfare Policy in the United States Lloyd Grieger
The formation and effectiveness of antipoverty policies in the United States examined
from sociological and public-policy perspectives. Origins of the modern social safety
net; the federal government's role in antipoverty policy and the growth-of-dependency
argument; the labor market and low-wage work; employment- and family-based policy
strategies for alleviating poverty.
* SOCY 357a, Neighborhoods and Crime Andrew Papachristos
The "city problem" of crime contrasted in a variety of neighborhoods; reasons why
some neighborhoods have higher rates of crime than others. Topics include street
gangs, the underground economy, immigration, and mass incarceration. Attention to
ecological, social structural, and cultural aspects of city life. SO
* SOCY 365b / PLSC 241b, The Making of Political News Matthew Mahler
The processes through which political news gets made. How the form and content of
political news are shaped in and through the ongoing relationships between political
operatives and journalists; ways in which these actors attempt to structure and
restructure such relationships to their benefit. SO
* SOCY 369b / EP&E 258b / PLSC 446b, Welfare States across Nations Sigrun Kahl
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welfare state. SO
* SOCY 390b / ER&M 360b / HLTH 370b / HSHM 432b / WGSS 390b, Politics of
Individual Study and Research Courses

* SOCY 471a and SOCY 472b, Individual Study Staff
Individual study for qualified juniors and seniors under faculty supervision. To register
for this course, each student must submit to the director of undergraduate studies a
written plan of study that has been approved by a faculty adviser.
* SOCY 491a or b, Senior Essay and Colloquium for Nonintensive Majors Rene
Almeling
Independent library-based research under faculty supervision. To register for this
course, students must submit a written plan of study approved by a faculty adviser to
the director of undergraduate studies no later than the end of registration period in the
term in which the senior essay is to be written. The course meets biweekly, beginning in
the first week of the term.
* SOCY 493a and SOCY 494b, Senior Essay and Colloquium for Intensive Majors
Staff
Independent research under faculty direction, involving empirical research and
resulting in a substantial paper. Workshop meets biweekly to discuss various stages of
the research process and to share experiences in gathering and analyzing data. The first
meeting is in the second week of the term.
South Asian Studies

Director of undergraduate studies: Julia Stephens, 320 York St., 432-3933,
julia.stephens@yale.edu; www.yale.edu/macmillan/southasia
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF SOUTH ASIAN

STUDIES
Professors Akhil Amar (Law School), Tim Barringer (History of Art), Nihal de
Lanerolle (School of Medicine), Michael Dove (Anthropology, Forestry & Environmental
Studies), Sara Suleri Goodyear (English), Phyllis Granoff (Religious Studies), Inderpal
Grewal (Women's, Gender, & Sexuality Studies), Kalyanakrishnan Sivaramakrishnan
(Anthropology, Forestry & Environmental Studies), Shyam Sunder (School of Management),
Steven Wilkinson (Political Science)
Associate Professors Ashwini Deo (Linguistics), Mayur Desai (Public Health), Zareena
Grewal (Ethnicity, Race, & Migration), Karuna Mantena (Political Science), Andrew
Quintman (Religious Studies), Kishwar Rizvi (History of Art)
South Asian Studies
621
Assistant Professors Rohit De (History), Tamara Sears (History of Art), Julia Stephens
(History), Tariq Thachil (Political Science)
Senior Lecturers Carol Carpenter (Anthropology, Forestry & Environmental Studies),
Geetanjali Singh Chanda (Women's, Gender, & Sexuality Studies)
Lecturers Hugh Flick, Jr. (Religious Studies), James Pickett (South Asian Studies),
Stanley Scott (Music)
Senior Lectors David Brick, Seema Khurana, Swapna Sharma
The program in South Asian Studies combines the requirements of a discipline-based
first major with significant course work in South Asian Studies. South Asian Studies
can be taken only as a second major. The major is intended to provide students with
a broad understanding of the history, culture, and languages of South Asia, as well as
the region's current social, political, and economic conditions. Work in a disciplinebased major coupled with a focus on South Asia prepares students for graduate study,
employment in nongovernmental organizations, or business and professional careers in
which an understanding of the region is essential.
The South Asian Studies major permits students to choose courses from a wide range
of disciplines. Individual programs should have a balance between courses in the
humanities and those in the social sciences. The proposed course of study must be
approved each term by the director of undergraduate studies. Students should also
identify an adviser from the South Asian Studies faculty in their area of specialization as
early as possible.
Permission to complete two majors must be secured from the Committee on Honors
and Academic Standing. Application forms are available from the residential college
deans and must be submitted prior to the student's final term.
Requirements of the major In addition to fulfilling the requirements of the primary
major, a student choosing South Asian Studies as a second major must complete seven
term courses in South Asian Studies numbered 200 or above. At least two of the seven
courses must address premodern South Asia, and at least two should be seminars.
Students may petition the director of undergraduate studies to include one relevant
course from another department or program; approval may require additional course
work on South Asian topics. Students must also complete the senior requirement and
meet the major's language requirement.
Credit/D/Fail A maximum of one course taken Credit/D/Fail may count toward the
major.
Language requirement One South Asian language must be studied at the advanced
level (L5). Students who matriculate with advanced proficiency in a South Asian
language (excluding English), as demonstrated through testing, are encouraged to
study Sanskrit, or to study a second modern language through Yale courses or the
Directed Independent Language Study program. Students may request substitution
of another appropriate language (e.g., Persian or Arabic) for the core language
requirement, and they are encouraged to pursue intensive language study through
courses or work abroad.
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Senior requirement The senior requirement may be fulfilled by completion of a

seminar that culminates in a senior essay. Alternatively, the requirement may be fulfilled
by completion of a one-credit, two-term senior research project in SAST 491, 492, or
by completion of a one-credit, one-term directed study in SAST 486 that culminates in
a senior essay. The senior essay should be a substantial paper with a maximum length
of 8,000 words for one term and 10,500 words for two terms. The use of primary
materials in the languages of the region is encouraged in senior essay projects. The
director of undergraduate studies must approve senior essay plans early in the student's
senior year.
Study abroad Up to three course credits from approved study abroad programs may
be applied toward the requirements of the major, with permission of the director of
Courses in the Graduate School Graduate courses in South Asian Studies are open to
qualified undergraduates. Course descriptions appear in the online Graduate School
bulletin (http://www.yale.edu/printer/bulletin/htmlfiles/grad/the-graduate-schoolof-arts-and-sciences.html) and are also available in the South Asian Studies program
office. Permission of the instructor and of the director of graduate studies is required.

Prerequisites None
Number of courses 7 term courses (not incl senior req or lang req)
Distribution of courses 7 courses in South Asian Studies numbered 200 or above, 2 in
premodern, 2 sems
Substitution permitted One relevant course in another dept, and/or up to 3 study
abroad credits with DUS permission
Language requirement Study in a South Asian lang through L5 level
Senior requirement Senior essay in sem, or research project in SAST 491, 492, or
senior essay in SAST 486
Language and Literature Courses

* BNGL 110a, Introductory Bengali I Staff
A comprehensive approach to learning all four language skills: speaking, listening,
reading, and writing. At the completion of the two-term sequence students are able
to read and write in Bengali, and to converse in formal and informal situations.
Course taught through distance learning using videoconferencing technology
from Cornell University. Enrollment limited; interested students should e-mail
minjin.hashbat@yale.edu for more information. Credit only on completion of BNGL
120. L1 1 Course cr
* BNGL 120b, Introductory Bengali II Staff
Continuation of BNGL 110. Prerequisite: BNGL 110 or equivalent. Course taught
through distance learning using videoconferencing technology from Cornell University.
Enrollment limited; interested students should e-mail minjin.hashbat@yale.edu for
more information. L2 1 Course cr
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* BNGL 130a, Intermediate Bengali I Staff

The first half of a two-term sequence designed to develop intermediate proficiency
in Bengali. Review of major grammar topics. Emphasis on expanding vocabulary,
developing effective reading strategies, and improving listening comprehension.
Readings, discussion, and written work focus on cultural topics in the Bengali-speaking
world. Prerequisite: BNGL 120 or equivalent. Course taught through distance learning
using videoconferencing technology from Cornell University. Enrollment limited;
* BNGL 140b, Intermediate Bengali II Staff
The second half of a two-term sequence designed to develop intermediate proficiency
in Bengali. Review of major grammar topics. Emphasis on expanding vocabulary,
developing effective reading strategies, and improving listening comprehension.
Readings, discussion, and written work focus on cultural topics in the Bengali-speaking
world. Prerequisite: BNGL 130 or equivalent. Course taught through distance learning
using videoconferencing technology from Cornell University. Enrollment limited;
* HNDI 110a, Elementary Hindi I Staff
An in-depth introduction to modern Hindi, including the Devanagari script. A
combination of graded texts, written assignments, audiovisual material, and computerbased exercises provides cultural insights and increases proficiency in understanding,
speaking, reading, and writing Hindi. Emphasis on spontaneous self-expression in the
language. No prior background in Hindi assumed. Credit only on completion of HNDI
120. L1 1 Course cr
HNDI 120b, Elementary Hindi II Staff
Continuation of HNDI 110. After HNDI 110 or equivalent. L2 1 Course cr
HNDI 130a, Intermediate Hindi I Seema Khurana and Swapna Sharma
The first half of a two-term sequence designed to develop proficiency in the four
language skills. Extensive use of cultural documents including feature films, radio
broadcasts, and literary and nonliterary texts to increase proficiency in understanding,
speaking, reading, and writing Hindi. Focus on cultural nuances and Hindi literary
traditions. Emphasis on spontaneous self-expression in the language. After HNDI 120
or equivalent. L3 1 Course cr
* HNDI 132a, Accelerated Hindi I Swapna Sharma
A fast-paced course designed for students who are able to understand basic
conversational Hindi but who have minimal or no literacy skills. Introduction to
the Devanagari script; development of listening and speaking skills; vocabulary
enrichment; attention to sociocultural rules that affect language use. Students learn to
read simple texts and to converse on a variety of everyday personal and social topics.
L3
HNDI 140b, Intermediate Hindi II Swapna Sharma and Seema Khurana
Continuation of HNDI 130. After HNDI 130 or equivalent. L4 1 Course cr
* HNDI 142b, Accelerated Hindi II Swapna Sharma
Continuation of HNDI 132. Development of increased proficiency in the four language
skills. Focus on reading and higher language functions such as narration, description,
and comparison. Reading strategies for parsing paragraph-length sentences in Hindi
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newspapers. Discussion of political, social, and cultural dimensions of Hindi culture as

well as contemporary global issues. L4
HNDI 150a, Advanced Hindi Seema Khurana
An advanced language course aimed at enabling students to engage in fluent discourse
in Hindi and to achieve a comprehensive knowledge of formal grammar. Introduction
to a variety of styles and levels of discourse and usage. Emphasis on the written
language, with readings on general topics from newspapers, books, and magazines.
Prerequisite: HNDI 140 or permission of instructor. L5
* HNDI 157b, Hindi in the Diaspora Seema Khurana
An advanced language course designed to develop overall language skills through
selected readings in Hindi literature and the study of popular culture in the Indian
diaspora. Works by Suaham Bedi, Sunita Jain, and Umesh Agnihotri; theater, films,
and other art forms; news articles and television programs related to political, social,
and cultural debates.
Prerequisite: HNDI 150 or permission of instructor. L5, HU
* HNDI 198a or b, Advanced Tutorial Staff
For students with advanced Hindi language skills who wish to engage in concentrated
reading and research on material not otherwise offered by the department. Work must
be supervised by an adviser and must terminate in a term paper or the equivalent.
Permission to enroll requires submission of a detailed project proposal and its approval
by the language studies coordinator. Prerequisite: HNDI 150 or equivalent.
* SKRT 110a / LING 115a, Introductory Sanskrit I David Brick
An introduction to Sanskrit language and grammar. Focus on learning to read and
translate basic Sanskrit sentences in Devanagari script. No prior background in Sanskrit
assumed. L1 1 Course cr
SKRT 130a / LING 138a, Intermediate Sanskrit I David Brick
The first half of a two-term sequence aimed at helping students develop the skills
necessary to read texts written in Sanskrit. Readings include selections from the
Hitopadesa, Kathasaritsagara, Mahabharata, and Bhagavadgita. After SKRT 120 or
equivalent. L3 1 Course cr
* SKRT 150a, Advanced Sanskrit: Dharmasastra David Brick
Introduction to Sanskrit commentarial literature, particularly to Dharmasastra, an
explication and anlaysis of dharma (law or duty). Discussion of normative rules
of human behavior; historical traditions of writing on the Indian subcontinent.
Prerequisite: SKRT 140 or equivalent. L5
* TAML 110a, Introductory Tamil I Staff
An in-depth introduction to modern Tamil, focusing on skills in comprehension,
speaking, reading, and writing as well as on cultural understanding. Course work
includes graded texts, written assignments, audiovisual material, and computerbased exercises. No prior background in Tamil assumed. Course taught through
distance learning using videoconferencing technology from Columbia University.
Enrollment limited; interested students should e-mail minjin.hashbat@yale.edu for
more information. Credit only on completion of TAML 120. L1 1 Course cr
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* TAML 120b, Introductory Tamil II Staff

Continuation of TAML 110. After TAML 110. Course taught through distance learning
1 Course cr
TAML 130a, Intermediate Tamil I Staff
The first half of a two-term sequence designed to develop proficiency in
comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing through the use of visual media,
newspapers and magazines, modern fiction and poetry, and public communications
such as pamphlets, advertisements, and government announcements. Prerequisite:
TAML 120 or equivalent. Course taught through distance learning using
videoconferencing technology from Columbia University. Enrollment limited;
RP 1 Course cr
* TAML 140b, Intermediate Tamil II Staff
The second half of a two-term sequence designed to develop proficiency in listening,
speaking, reading, and writing. Focus on the communicative aspects of the language.
Some attention to Tamil culture since the Sangam period. Prerequisite: TAML 130
or equivalent. Course taught through distance learning using videoconferencing
e-mail minjin.hashbat@yale.edu for more information. L4 1 Course cr
* TBTN 110a, Elementary Classical Tibetan I Staff
First half of a two-term introduction to classical Tibetan. The script and its
Romanization, pronunciation, normative dictionary order, and basic grammar.
Readings from Tibetan literature and philosophy. Course taught through distance
learning using videoconferencing technology from Columbia University. Enrollment
limited; interested students should e-mail minjin.hashbat@yale.edu for more
information. Credit only on completion of TBTN 120. L1
* TBTN 120b, Elementary Classical Tibetan II Staff
Second half of a two-term introduction to classical Tibetan. The script and its
Romanization, pronunciation, normative dictionary order, and basic grammar.
Readings from Tibetan literature and philosophy. Prerequisite: TBTN 110. Course
taught through distance learning using videoconferencing technology from
Columbia University. Enrollment limited; interested students should e-mail
minjin.hashbat@yale.edu for more information. L2
General Courses in South Asian Studies

SAST 224b / HIST 396b, India and Pakistan since 1947 Rohit De
Introduction to the history of the Indian subcontinent from 1947 to the present. Focus
on the emergence of modern forms of life and thought, the impact of the partition on
state and society, and the challenges of democracy and development. Transformations
of society, economy, and culture; state building; economic policy. HU
* SAST 242b / PLSC 461b, India and Pakistan: Democracy, Conflict, and
Development Steven Wilkinson
The variation in democracy, conflict, and development between India and Pakistan
since 1947, as well as variation within each country. Management of ethnic and religious
626
conflicts, secularism, secessionist movements in Kashmir and elsewhere, the tension

between economic growth and equity, and problems of governance. SO
SAST 244b / PLSC 384b, Indian Democracy in Comparative Perspective Tariq
Thachil
Introduction to the major dimensions of Indian democracy; comparison with the
political experiences of other developing nations such as China, South Africa, Brazil,
and Egypt. Topics include colonial legacies, identity politics, social movements, and
social and human development. SO
SAST 259b / MUSI 357b, Indian Music Theory and Practice Stanley Scott
Introduction to the concepts and culture of music in South Asia from Vedic times to
the present, with a focus on North Indian classical music. Discussion of history and
theory is enriched by practical instruction and live performances. Topics include raga
(melody), tala (meter), musical forms, improvisation, patronage, religion, and gender,
with forays into folk music and film. No previous experience in Indian classical music
required. HU
SAST 265a / HSAR 142a / RLST 187a, Introduction to the History of Art: The
Islamic contact. HU
* SAST 270b / RLST 340b / THST 221b, Islamic Performance Traditions in
* SAST 341a / EP&E 481a / PLSC 442a, Development in South Asia Tariq Thachil
* SAST 357a / FILM 374a / MUSI 356a, Bollywood's Music, Image, and Culture Staff
* SAST 364a / THST 325a, Performance in South Asia Staff
Introduction to South Asian theater, performance, and dramatic traditions. How the
traditions worked in their original historical and sociocultural contexts; ways in which
traditions have been reconfigured in twentieth-century revivalist projects and current
political and social uses. Instances of classical, popular, colonial, and political theatrical
Southeast Asia Studies
627
forms and practices. Readings from play texts, theater treatises, court chronicles, actors'
autobiographies, and reviews, as well as screenings of films and performances. HU
* SAST 368a / RLST 185a, The Mahabharata Hugh Flick
Examination of the religious and cultural significance of the world's longest epic
poem within the Hindu bhakti religious tradition. Emphasis on the core narrative, the
embedded narratives, and the internal philosophical discourses, including the Bhagavad
Gita. HU Tr
* SAST 373b / MUSI 355b / RLST 122b, Music and Hinduism Staff
SAST 440a / PLSC 424a, Gandhi, King, and the Politics of Nonviolence Karuna
Mantena
A study of the theory and practice of nonviolent political action, as proposed and
practiced by M. K. Gandhi. The origins and development of nonviolent politics in
Gandhian thought and action; Gandhi's influence on Martin Luther King, Jr., and the
American nonviolence movement; legacies and lessons for contemporary political life.
SO
* SAST 458b / ER&M 328b / WGSS 328b, Popular Culture and Postcolonial India
Geetanjali Chanda
* SAST 486a or b, Directed Study Julia Stephens
A one-credit, single-term course on topics not covered in regular offerings. To apply for
admission, a student should present a course description and syllabus to the director of
undergraduate studies, along with written approval from the faculty member who will
direct the study.
Senior Essay Course

* SAST 491a and SAST 492b, Senior Essay Julia Stephens
A yearlong research project completed under faculty supervision and resulting in a
substantial paper. Credit for SAST 491 only on completion of SAST 492. Course cr
per term

Program chair: Michael Dove, 311 LUCE, 432-3431, seas@yale.edu; www.yale.edu/seas
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE COUNCIL ON SOUTHEAST ASIA

STUDIES
Professors Michael Dove (Forestry & Environmental Studies), J. Joseph Errington
(Anthropology), Benedict Kiernan (History), James Scott (Political Science), Frederick
Wherry (Sociology), Mimi Yiengpruksawan (History of Art)
628
Associate Professor Erik Harms (Anthropology)

Senior Lecturers Carol Carpenter (Forestry & Environmental Studies, Anthropology),
Amity Doolittle (Forestry & Environmental Studies)
Senior Lector II Quang Phu Van
Senior Lector Indriyo Sukmono
Lector Dinny Risri Aletheiani
The Council on Southeast Asia Studies oversees an interdisciplinary program that
brings together faculty and students sharing an interest in Southeast Asia and
supplements the undergraduate curriculum with an annual seminar series, periodic
conferences, and special lectures. Yale does not offer a degree in Southeast Asia studies.
Majors in any department may consult with Council faculty regarding a senior essay
on a Southeast Asian topic, and in certain circumstances students who have a special
interest in the region may consider a Special Divisional Major. Students planning to
undertake field research or language study in Southeast Asia may apply to the Council
for summer fellowship support.
Courses featuring Southeast Asian content are offered within a variety of departments
each year, including Anthropology, Economics, History, Music, and Political Science.
A list of courses for the current year can be obtained through the Council office or Web
site (http://www.yale.edu/seas/Courses.htm). Yale maintains extensive library and
research collections on Southeast Asia.
Language instruction is offered in two Southeast Asian languages, Indonesian and
Vietnamese. The Council on Southeast Asia Studies supports language tables and
tutoring in other Southeast Asian languages by special arrangement.
Indonesian Courses
* INDN 110a, Elementary Indonesian I Indriyo Sukmono
An introductory course in standard Indonesian with emphasis on developing
communicative skills through a systematic survey of grammar and graded exercises.
Credit only on completion of INDN 120. Enrollment limited to 15 per section. L1
1 Course cr
* INDN 120b, Elementary Indonesian II Indriyo Sukmono
Continuation of INDN 110. Introduction to reading, leading to mastery of language
patterns, essential vocabulary, and basic cultural competence. After INDN 110 or
equivalent. Enrollment limited to 15 per section. L2 1 Course cr
* INDN 130a, Intermediate Indonesian I Dinny Risri Aletheiani
Continued practice in colloquial Indonesian conversation and reading and discussion of
texts. After INDN 120 or equivalent. Limited enrollment. L3 1 Course cr
* INDN 140b, Intermediate Indonesian II Dinny Risri Aletheiani
Continuation of INDN 130. After INDN 130 or equivalent. Limited enrollment. L4
1 Course cr
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* INDN 150a, Advanced Indonesian I Dinny Risri Aletheiani

Development of advanced fluency through discussion of original Indonesian
sociohistorical, political, and literary texts and audiovisual sources. Extension of
cultural understanding of Indonesia. Prerequisite: INDN 140 or equivalent. May not be
taken after INDN 153. L5
* INDN 160b, Advanced Indonesian II Dinny Risri Aletheiani
Continuation of INDN 150. Prerequisite: INDN 150 or equivalent. L5
* INDN 170a, Advanced Indonesian: Special Topics Dinny Risri Aletheiani
Continuation of INDN 160. Students advance their communicative competence in
listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Use of Indonesian book chapters, Web
pages, printed and electronic articles, social networking posts, newsgroups, and letters.
Prerequisite: INDN 160.
* INDN 180b, Research and Creative Project on Indonesia Dinny Risri Aletheiani
Continuation of INDN 170. Advancement in students' competence in listening,
speaking, reading, and writing. Reading materials include book chapters, Web sites,
print and electronic articles, e-mail messages, blogs, and social networking posts.
Prerequisite: INDN 170.
* INDN 470a and INDN 471b, Independent Tutorial Staff
For students with advanced Indonesian language skills who wish to engage in
concentrated reading and research on material not otherwise offered in courses. The
work must be supervised by an adviser and must terminate in a term paper or its
equivalent. After INDN 160. Permission to enroll requires submission of a detailed
project proposal and its approval by the program adviser.
Vietnamese Courses
VIET 110a, Elementary Vietnamese I Quang Phu Van
Students acquire basic working ability in Vietnamese, developing skills in speaking,
listening, writing (Roman script), and reading. Discussion of aspects of Vietnamese
society and culture. Credit only on completion of VIET 120. Intended for students with
no previous knowledge of Vietnamese. L1 RP 1 Course cr
VIET 120b, Elementary Vietnamese II Quang Phu Van
Continuation of VIET 110. L2 RP 1 Course cr
* VIET 130a, Intermediate Vietnamese I Quang Phu Van
An integrated approach to language learning aimed at strengthening students'
listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in Vietnamese. Communicative activities
such as conversations, performance simulation, drills, role plays, and games. Discussion
of aspects of Vietnamese society and culture. After VIET 120 or equivalent. L3 RP
1 Course cr
* VIET 132a, Accelerated Vietnamese Quang Phu Van
An accelerated course designed for students who understand and speak informal
Vietnamese on topics related to everyday situations but who have minimal or no literacy
skills. Development of grammatical accuracy and overall competence in speaking,
reading, and writing. Topics include the alphabet, diacritical marks, kinship terms, food
630
culture, forms of politeness and sociocultural rules, and formal and informal language.
Admits to VIET 140. L3
VIET 140b, Intermediate Vietnamese II Quang Phu Van
Continuation of VIET 130. Prerequisite: VIET 130 or equivalent. L4 1 Course cr
VIET 150b, Advanced Vietnamese Quang Phu Van
Students improve their fluency and accuracy in Vietnamese and solidify their reading,
writing, speaking, and listening skills. Topics include social, economic, and cultural
practices, gender issues, notions of power, and taboo. Prerequisite: VIET 140 or
equivalent. L5
* VIET 470a and VIET 471b, Independent Tutorial Quang Phu Van
For students with advanced Vietnamese language skills who wish to engage in
concentrated reading and research on material not otherwise offered in courses. The
work must be supervised by an adviser and must terminate in a term paper or its
equivalent. Permission to enroll requires submission of a detailed project proposal and
its approval by the program adviser.
Spanish
Director of undergraduate studies: Leslie Harkema, Rm. 207, 8290 Wall St., 432-1157,
leslie.harkema@yale.edu; language program director: Ame Cividanes, Rm. 210, 8290
Wall St., 432-1159, ame.cividanes@yale.edu; span-port.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE

Professors Rolena Adorno (Chair), Anbal Gonzlez, Roberto Gonzlez Echevarra,
K. David Jackson, Nol Valis
Associate Professors Susan Byrne
Assistant Professor Leslie Harkema
Senior Lectors II Sybil Alexandrov, Margherita Tortora, Sonia Valle
Senior Lectors I Marta Almeida, Maria Pilar Asensio-Manrique, Mercedes Carreras,
Ame Cividanes, Sebastin Daz, Mara de la Paz Garca, Mara Jordn, Rosamara Len,
Juliana Ramos-Ruano, Lissette Reymundi, Lourdes Sab-Colom, Brbara Safille, Terry
Seymour
The Department of Spanish and Portuguese provides instruction in the languages,
literatures, and cultures of the Hispanic and Luso-Brazilian worlds. Courses in
Portuguese and the requirements of the major are described under Portuguese
(p. 579); the names of faculty teaching Portuguese courses are in the list above.
The major in Spanish is a liberal arts major that offers a wide range of courses in
the language, literatures, and cultures of the twenty Spanish-speaking countries in
Europe, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Today, Spanish is the second language of
the United States, one of the three most widely spoken languages in the world, and one
of the five diplomatic languages of the United Nations. The program in Spanish offers
students the opportunity to acquire thorough linguistic proficiency as well as in-depth
knowledge of both cultural and literary topics. The major explores literature, history,
Spanish
631
philosophy, art, and cultural studies, and provides excellent preparation for careers in
law, diplomacy, medicine, business, the arts, academics, journalism, and education.
Courses numbered SPAN 110199 include beginning and intermediate language
courses designed to help students develop fluency in understanding, speaking, reading,
and writing Spanish. Courses numbered SPAN 200299 seek to provide students with
a broad but solid introduction to the fields of Hispanic literatures and cultures while
strengthening their linguistic competence. Courses numbered 300499 allow students
to perfect their linguistic and critical skills through study of a specific problem or issue,
e.g., a literary genre, a type of literary or cultural representation, or a specific writer or
text. Students desiring more information about either language or literature offerings
should consult the director of undergraduate studies.
Placement Students whose test scores demonstrate advanced ability in Spanish may
enroll directly in any L5 course; scores that demonstrate advanced ability include a
placement of L5 on the departmental placement examination, a score of 5 on either
of the Spanish Advanced Placement tests, a score of 6 or 7 on the Advanced-Level
International Baccalaureate examination, or a proficiency level of C1 in the Common
European Framework of Reference for Languages. All other students, including native
speakers, who have previously studied Spanish formally or informally must take the
departmental placement examination in order to enroll in a Spanish course.
Placement examination and preregistration Information about the departmental
placement examination and about preregistation procedures for Spanish L1L4
language courses is available on the departmental Web site (http://span-port.yale.edu).
Language courses Students with no previous formal or informal Spanish study
ordinarily enroll in SPAN 110. Students who take SPAN 110 must continue with 120
in the following term, and no credit is awarded for 110 until 120 has been successfully
completed. Students wishing to take intensive beginning Spanish may, with the
instructor's permission, enroll in SPAN 125, which covers the same material as
SPAN 110 and 120, but in one term. SPAN 132 and 142 are designed for heritage
speakers and are available only to them. Admission to SPAN 132 and 142 is based on
results of the departmental placement examination; interested students should contact
the instructor.
Prerequisite Prerequisite to the major is SPAN 140, 142, or 145, or the equivalent
through advanced placement or study abroad. Equivalent preparation to SPAN 140,
142, or 145 may be demonstrated by the test scores listed above under "Placement."
The standard major Beyond the prerequisite, ten term courses are required, including
the senior essay.
class of 2017 and previous classes may fulfill the requirements of the major that were in
place when they entered the major in Spanish, as described in previous editions of this
bulletin (http://www.yale.edu/printer/bulletin/archivepdffiles/YCPS). Alternatively,
they may fulfill the requirements for the major as described for the Class of 2018 and
subsequent classes.
Requirements of the major for the Class of 2018 and subsequent classes Beyond
the prerequisite, ten term courses numbered SPAN 200 or higher are required, five
632
of which must be numbered SPAN 300 or higher. A maximum of one course may be
numbered SPAN 200230. Freshman seminars taught in Spanish count toward the
major in the SPAN 231299 range.
Senior requirement Seniors write the senior essay in SPAN 491 in the spring of their
senior year under the individual direction of a faculty adviser. Students expecting to
complete their degree requirements in December write the senior essay in SPAN 491 in
the fall of their senior year. Seniors in SPAN 491 are expected to submit their completed
essay to the director of undergraduate studies at 8290 Wall Street by 4 p.m. on
April 29 in the spring term, or by 4 p.m. on December 11 in the fall term. If the essay
is submitted late without an excuse from the student's residential college dean, the
penalty is one letter grade, though no essay that would otherwise pass will be failed
because it is late.
Intensive major Students in the intensive major fulfill the requirements for the
standard major, and take an additional two courses numbered SPAN 300 or higher.
Two majors Students electing Spanish as one of two majors should consult the director
of undergraduate studies about a specialized course of study.
Courses in the Graduate School Juniors and seniors majoring in Spanish may, with
permission of the instructor and the director of graduate studies, enroll in graduate
literature courses in Spanish. A list of pertinent graduate courses is available at the
office of the director of undergraduate studies.
Study abroad Students are encouraged to apply to the eight-week summer language
courses offered by Yale Summer Session in New Haven and Bilbao, Spain; New Haven
and Quito, Ecuador; or New Haven and Lima, Peru. More information is available
on the Yale Summer Session Web site (http://summer.yale.edu). For information
about the Year or Term Abroad program, see under Special Arrangements (p. 65) in
the Academic Regulations (p. 33). Students who wish to count courses taken abroad
toward the major should consult with the director of undergraduate studies before
going abroad.

Prerequisite SPAN 140, 142, 145, or equivalent
Distribution of courses 10 term courses numbered SPAN 200 or higher, 5 of which are
numbered SPAN 300 or higher; max of one course numbered SPAN 200230
Senior requirement Senior essay (SPAN 491)
Intensive major 2 addtl courses numbered SPAN 300 or higher, totaling 12 term
courses
Courses
* SPAN 110a or b, Elementary Spanish I Staff
For students who wish to begin study of the Spanish language. Development of
basic skills in understanding, speaking, reading, and writing through a functional
approach to the teaching of Spanish grammar. Includes an introduction to the cultures
(traditions, art, literature, music) of the Spanish-speaking world. Audiovisual materials
Spanish
633
are incorporated into class sessions. Conducted in Spanish. To be followed immediately

by SPAN 120. Credit only on completion of SPAN 120. L1 RP 1 Course cr
SPAN 120a or b, Elementary Spanish II Staff
Further development of understanding, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Class
sessions incorporate short authentic texts in Spanish, audiovisual materials, and film.
Cultural topics of the Spanish-speaking world (traditions, art, literature, music) are
included. Conducted in Spanish. After SPAN 110 or in accordance with placement
results. Admits to SPAN 130 or 145. L2 RP 1 Course cr
* SPAN 125a, Intensive Elementary Spanish Maria Lourdes Sab
An intensive beginning course in spoken and written Spanish that covers the material of
SPAN 110 and 120 in one term. Conducted in Spanish. Admits to SPAN 130 or 145. Not
open to students who have completed SPAN 110 or 120. L1, L2 RP 2 Course cr
SPAN 130a or b, Intermediate Spanish I Staff
Development of language proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing
through communicative activities rather than a sequence of linguistic units. Authentic
Spanish language texts, films, and videos serve as the basis for the functional
study of grammar and the acquisition of a broader vocabulary. Cultural topics are
presented throughout the term. Conducted in Spanish. Admits to SPAN 140. L3 RP
1 Course cr
* SPAN 132a, Spanish for Heritage Speakers I Sybil Alexandrov
A language course designed for students who have been exposed to Spanish
either at home or by living in a Spanish-speaking countrybut who have little
or no formal training in the language. Practice in all four communicative skills
(comprehension, speaking, reading, writing), with special attention to basic grammar
concepts, vocabulary building, and issues particular to heritage speakers. Admission in
accordance with placement results. L3
SPAN 140a or b, Intermediate Spanish II Staff
Continuation of SPAN 130. Development of increased proficiency in the four language
skills. Greater precision in grammar usage, vocabulary enrichment, and expanded
cultural awareness are achieved through communicative activities based on authentic
Spanish-language texts, including a short novel. Conducted in Spanish. Admits to L5
courses. L4 RP 1 Course cr
* SPAN 142b, Spanish for Heritage Speakers II Staff
Continuation of SPAN 132. Examination of complex grammar structures; consideration
of problems particular to heritage speakers through the reading of both literary and
journalistic texts. Practice in all communicative skills (comprehension, speaking,
reading, writing). After SPAN 132 or in accordance with placement results. L4
* SPAN 145b, Intensive Intermediate Spanish Staff
An intensive intermediate course in spoken and written Spanish that covers the material
of SPAN 130 and 140 in one term. Conducted in Spanish. Admits to L5 courses. Not
open to students who have completed SPAN 130 or 140. L3, L4 RP 2 Course cr
* SPAN 222a / LAST 222a, Legal Spanish Mercedes Carreras
An introduction to Spanish and Latin American legal culture with a focus on the
specific traits of legal language and on the development of advanced language
competence. Issues such as human rights, the death penalty, the jury, contracts,
634
statutory instruments, and rulings by the constitutional courts are explored through
law journal articles, newspapers, the media, and mock trials. Enrollment limited to 18.
A maximum of one 200-level course may count as an elective toward the Spanish major.
L5
* SPAN 223b / LAST 223b, Spanish in Film: An Introduction to the New Latin
American Cinema Staff
Development of proficiency in Spanish through analysis of critically acclaimed Latin
American films. Includes basic vocabulary of film criticism in Spanish as well as
discussion and language exercises. Enrollment limited to 18. A maximum of one 200level course may count as an elective toward the Spanish major. L5
* SPAN 225b / LAST 225b, Spanish for the Medical Professions Staff
Topics in health and welfare. Conversation, reading, and writing about medical issues
for advanced Spanish-language students, including those considering careers in medical
professions. Enrollment limited to 18. A maximum of one 200-level course may count
as an elective toward the Spanish major. L5
* SPAN 227a / LAST 227a, Creative Writing Mara Jordn
An introduction to the craft and practice of creative writing (fiction, poetry, and essays).
Focus on the development of writing skills and awareness of a variety of genres and
techniques through reading of exemplary works and critical assessment of student
work. Emphasis on the ability to write about abstract ideas, sentiments, dreams, and
the imaginary world. Enrollment limited to 18. A maximum of one 200-level course
may count as an elective toward the Spanish major. L5
* SPAN 243a or b / LAST 243a or b, Advanced Spanish Grammar Staff
A comprehensive, in-depth study of grammar intended to improve students' spoken
and written command of Spanish. Linguistic analysis of literary selections; some
English-to-Spanish translation. Enrollment limited to 18. A maximum of one 200-level
course may count as an elective toward the Spanish major. L5
SPAN 247a / LAST 247a, Introduction to the Cultures of Latin America Rolena
Adorno
A chronological study of Latin American cultures through their expressions in literature
and the arts, beginning in the pre-Columbian period and focusing on the period from
the nineteenth century to the present. Emphasis on crucial historical moments and on
distinctive rituals such as fiestas. Open to students who have placed into L5 courses or
who have successfully completed an L4 course in Spanish. Counts toward the major in
Spanish. L5, HU
* SPAN 250a, Composition and Analysis Leslie Harkema
Composition in Spanish, with a focus on academic writing. Close analysis of language
use in literary texts to improve fluidity and precision in students' own writing.
Frequent composition assignments to practice the forms and functions studied. L5, HU
SPAN 261a / LAST 261a, Studies in Spanish Literature I Susan Byrne
An introduction to Spanish prose, drama, and lyric poetry from their medieval
multicultural origins through the Golden Age in the seventeenth century. Readings
include El Cid, La Celestina, Conde Lucanor, and works by Miguel de Cervantes and
Caldern de la Barca. Open to students who have placed into L5 courses or who have
Spanish
635
successfully completed an L4 course in Spanish. Counts toward the major in Spanish.

L5, HU
* SPAN 262b / LAST 262b, Studies in Spanish Literature II Nol Valis
An introduction to Spanish prose, drama, and lyric poetry from the eighteenth century
to the present, centered on the conflict between modernity and tradition and on the
quest for national identity. Texts by Bcquer, Unamuno, Lorca, Sender, Machado, and
Cernuda. Open to students who have placed into L5 courses or who have successfully
completed an L4 course in Spanish. L5, HU
* SPAN 322a or b, The Many Faces of Miguel de Unamuno Leslie Harkema
The work of the prolific Spanish novelist, poet, essayist, and dramatist Miguel de
Unamuno (18641936). Questions relating to the various literary genres in which
Unamuno wrote and to the philosophical problems that most preoccupied him. The
author's place in twentieth-century Spanish history and the political and cultural
contexts of his time. Prerequisite: SPAN 140 or equivalent. Recommended preparation:
SPAN 246 or 262. L5, HU
* SPAN 324a, Lorca: Poetry and Plays Nol Valis
A reading of several Lorca plays and selected poetry and an examination of the Lorca
legend. Topics include Lorca's place in Spanish and world literature; myths and realities
of Lorca as a cultural icon; sexuality and gender in the plays and poetry; and social
issues and aesthetic practices. Open to students who have placed into L5 courses or who
have successfully completed an L4 course in Spanish. Counts toward the Spanish major.
L5, HU
* SPAN 350a / LAST 351a, Borges: Literature and Power Anbal Gonzlez Perez
An introduction to the work of Jorge Luis Borges, focusing on the relation between
literature and power as portrayed in selected stories, essays, and poems. Topics include
Borges and postmodernity; writing and ethics; and Borges's politics. Works include
Ficciones, Otras inquisiciones, El aleph, El hacedor, El informe de Brodie, and Obra potica.
Open to students who have placed into L5 courses or who have successfully completed
an L4 course in Spanish. Counts toward the Spanish major. L5, HU
* SPAN 351a, Travelers in Latin American Fiction Staff
Narratives about the reactions of Latin American travelers and migrants to different
societies, customs, and languages. Topics include differentiating travelers, exiles, and
migrants; theories of tourism; theories of migration; Latin Americans in the United
States and Europe; and Latin Americans in Asia and Africa. Readings from a variety of
short stories and novels. L5, HU
* SPAN 352b, Ethics and Politics in the Spanish American Short Story Anbal
Gonzlez Perez
Survey of the twentieth-century Spanish American short story, focused on the links
among ethics, politics, and writing. Representation of ethics in narrative fiction;
metaphorical links between writing and violence; tension between artistic integrity and
political commitment. L5, HU
* SPAN 393b / LITR 420b, The Jungle Books Roberto Gonzlez Echevarra
A study of novels, stories, and films about a journey to the jungle in search of personal
fulfillment and the origins of history. Authors include Alvar Nez Cabeza de Vaca,
Arthur Conan Doyle, Joseph Conrad, Andr Malraux, Alejo Carpentier, W. H. Hudson,
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Claude Lvi-Strauss, Jos Eustasio Rivera, and Mario Vargas Llosa. Readings and
discussion in English. WR, HU Tr
* SPAN 478a and SPAN 479b, Directed Readings and/or Individual Research Leslie
Harkema
Individual study under faculty supervision. The student must submit a bibliography
and a written plan of study approved by the faculty adviser to the director of
undergraduate studies. No reading or research course credit is granted without prior
approval from the director of undergraduate studies. The student must meet with the
instructor at least one hour a week. A final examination or essay is required.
* SPAN 491a or b, The Senior Essay Staff
A research project completed under faculty supervision and resulting in a paper of
considerable length, in Spanish.

Director of undergraduate studies: Jasmina Besirevic-Regan, Dean's Office TC,
432-0722, jasmina.besirevic@yale.edu
A Special Divisional Major affords an alternative for students whose academic interests
cannot be met by an existing departmental or special major. Students may, with the
approval of the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing, design majors of their
own in consultation with members of the faculty and in accordance with the procedures
outlined below.
Special Divisional Majors differ so widely in content that there is no uniform format,
but two patterns prevail. Some majors combine two disciplines (e.g., music and
English, religious studies and anthropology), while others draw from several
departments to focus on a particular culture, period, or problem (e.g., French studies,
medieval studies, urban studies). Students interested in pursuing a Special Divisional
Major in Renaissance studies should visit the Renaissance Studies program Web site
(http://www.yale.edu/renstudies/undergrad.html). A Special Divisional Major may
not be offered as one of two majors.
Students considering a Special Divisional Major should be aware of its particular
demands and risks. They face the challenges of interdisciplinary work and must grapple
with the conceptual processes of disparate disciplines. They must establish criteria for
selecting courses and organize their courses in order to obtain an adequate base in the
fields necessary for advanced work on a specific topic.
Students in a Special Divisional Major may get little help in designing their programs.
Because they are in separate, independent programs, they forfeit some of the
services normally provided as part of a departmental or special major. They must,
for example, find their own advisers. They need to ask the help of faculty members
already committed to other departments and programs who may not share their
interdisciplinary interests. They must acquire the necessary background and sustain
their interest without the help of any special seminar. They may lose other advantages
of departmental affiliation, such as priority for acceptance in restricted-enrollment
courses, opportunities to meet students and faculty members with similar interests,
and participation in a program easily understood by graduate schools and others. Their
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transcripts will carry only the notation "Special Divisional Major," without specifying
the student's field of concentration.
Before applying for a Special Divisional Major, students are urged to consult the
directors of undergraduate studies in their fields of major interest, who can advise
them whether a Special Divisional Major is necessary. Special interests can usually be
accommodated within an existing major.
Application Students considering a Special Divisional Major are invited to talk with
directors of undergraduate studies and with their residential college deans at any stage
in their planning. Candidates may apply for admission as early as their fourth term of
enrollment, but must have done so no later than one month after their seventh term
of enrollment begins. The committee's experience suggests that the last term of the
sophomore or the first term of the junior year is the best time to apply.
Lucidity, coherence, and completeness in an application are of primary importance to
a student's candidacy, since they are indications of a thoughtfully prepared program
of study and of the qualities of eagerness and initiative essential to a successful Special
Divisional Major. The committee expects that applicants will have worked in close
collaboration with the director of undergraduate studies of the Special Divisional Major
in developing their proposals, and it will normally view failure to do so as grounds for
rejection of the application.
Application forms are available at the Trumbull College dean's office. They are
submitted, along with letters of support from faculty advisers, to the Committee on
Honors and Academic Standing in care of the Trumbull College dean's office. The
committee meets to consider proposals several times a year. All students in good
standing are eligible, although the committee must be satisfied that candidates have
particular aptitude and preparation for the work they propose.
In approving or rejecting proposals for a Special Divisional Major, the committee
looks principally at the quality of the student's planning. What are the objectives of
the program? What are the principles for selecting courses and organizing material? Is
the program comparable in breadth and depth to other majors in Yale College? What
provisions have been made to guide and evaluate the student's progress? What sort
of senior project would focus and integrate the program? Finally, are the objectives
of the program best served by a Special Divisional Major? The committee will not
approve a major if the student can accomplish the desired aims in an existing major; the
committee may consult directors of undergraduate studies and other faculty members
to judge whether or not this is the case.
Requirements of the major Because of the variety of programs, there are no uniform
prerequisites. All students must satisfy their prospective advisers and the committee
that they have obtained adequate preparation for the advanced courses and senior
projects they propose.
The major ordinarily comprises at least twelve advanced term courses and a senior
project. Advanced courses include all but prerequisites for majors, beginning language
courses, and comparable courses. When appropriate, approval is granted for graduate
courses, tutorials, and residential college seminars. Courses taken Credit/D/Fail may
638
not be counted toward the major. No distinction is made in the Special Divisional
Major between standard and intensive majors.
The director of undergraduate studies in the Special Divisional Major presents
proposals for the major to the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing. General
problems connected with a student's program may be discussed with the director of
undergraduate studies. Students who revise their original proposal or change faculty
advisers must obtain the committee's approval. The committee advises the Yale College
Faculty whether or not the student has completed a major and may not be able to
recommend students for the degree who have changed their programs without proper
consultation.
Senior requirement No later than midterm of their seventh term of enrollment, and
after consultation with their faculty advisers, students provide the committee with an
outline of their plans for the senior project. There are several options: a written or oral
examination, a senior essay or project, or, in some circumstances, a graduate course or
a tutorial. A senior essay usually offers the most effective means of integrating material
from more than one discipline, and students in a Special Divisional Major typically
request one course credit in each term of the senior year in SPEC 491, 492, The Senior
Project.
Students who offer a yearlong senior project must, in order to continue the course
into the second term, provide their advisers with substantial written evidence of their
progress (i.e., a draft or detailed outline) by the end of their seventh term. The project
must be completed no later than two weeks before the last day of classes in the student's
eighth term of enrollment. At least two faculty members evaluate it.
Advisers Candidates must arrange for faculty advisers before applying. Directors
of undergraduate studies or department chairs can usually suggest advisers. The
committee expects each student to obtain a primary adviser from the department that
forms the principal component of the major as well as one or more adjunct advisers
from other fields. The primary adviser must be a regular member of the Yale College
faculty. Members of the faculties of other schools of the University and visiting faculty
members may serve as adjunct advisers.
Both advisers and students assume special responsibilities when designing and
completing a major that falls outside existing programs. The special nature of the
program and the student's loss of departmental affiliation make it particularly
important for the faculty adviser to meet regularly with the student to help plan the
program and to supervise its completion, including the senior project.
The primary adviser assumes chief responsibility for reporting the student's progress to
the committee and for assigning a grade to the senior project. The primary adviser also
consults the student's other advisers and works with them in directing, evaluating, and
grading the senior project.

Prerequisite Approval of 2 faculty advisers and Committee on Honors and Academic
Standing
Number of courses 13 term courses (incl one-term senior essay) or 14 term courses
(incl two-term senior essay)
Statistics
639
Distribution of courses Advanced courses in 2 or more appropriate depts; grad

courses, college sems, or tutorials with DUS permission
Senior requirement Senior essay or project (SPEC 491 and/or 492), or, with DUS
permission, written or oral exam, or grad course, or tutorial
Courses
* SPEC 491a and SPEC 492b, The Senior Project Staff
An essay or project, prepared during one or two terms by senior Special Divisional
Majors. Conducted under the supervision of the student's primary adviser and with the
approval of the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing in connection with an
approved Special Divisional Major. Spring-term essays are due no later than two weeks
before the last day of classes.
Statistics
Director of undergraduate studies: Andrew Barron, 24 Hillhouse Ave., 432-0634,
andrew.barron@yale.edu; statistics.yale.edu
FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS

Professors Donald Andrews, Andrew Barron, Joseph Chang, John Hartigan
(Emeritus), Theodore Holford, Peter Phillips, David Pollard, Heping Zhang,
Hongyu Zhao, Huibin Zhou
Associate Professors John Emerson (Adjunct), Sekhar Tatikonda
Assistant Professors Jessi Cisewski, Sahand Negahban
Senior Lecturer Jonathan Reuning-Scherer
Statistics is the science and art of prediction and explanation. The mathematical
foundation of statistics lies in the theory of probability, which is applied to problems
of making inferences and decisions under uncertainty. Practical statistical analysis
also uses a variety of computational techniques, methods of visualizing and exploring
data, methods of seeking and establishing structure and trends in data, and a mode of
questioning and reasoning that quantifies uncertainty.
The Statistics program at Yale is a blend of the mathematical theory of probability
and statistical inference, the philosophy of inference under uncertainty, computational
techniques, the practice of data analysis, and statistical analysis applied to economics,
biology, medicine, engineering, and other areas. Statistical methods are widely used
in the sciences, medicine, industry, business, and government; graduates can work in
these areas or go on to graduate study.
The curriculum for the Statistics major is a synthesis of theory, methods, and
applications. The requirements are designed to achieve balance and depth in each of
the three directions of probability, statistics, and data analysis. Statistics can be taken
either as a primary major or as one of two majors, in consultation with the director of
undergraduate studies. Appropriate majors to combine with Statistics include programs
640
in the social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, computer science, or mathematics.

A Statistics concentration is also available within the Applied Mathematics major.
Prerequisites Multivariable calculus and linear algebra are required and should be
taken before or during the sophomore year. This requirement may be satisfied by
MATH 120 and MATH 222 or 225, or equivalents.
Requirements of the major for the B.A. degree program The B.A. degree program
requires ten term courses beyond the prerequisites, including the senior project. Majors
take two courses in the theory and applications of probability (STAT 241 and 251),
two courses emphasizing the theory of statistical inference (STAT 242 and 312), and
two courses in the methods and practice of data analysis, chosen from STAT 230,
361, and 363. STAT 238 may be substituted for STAT 241 with the permission of the
director of undergraduate studies. All majors are also required to take a course in
computing (ENAS 130 or CPSC 112). The two remaining courses are electives chosen
from Statistics courses numbered above 200. Appropriate courses in other departments
or in the Graduate School may count toward the major with permission of the director
Requirements of the major for the B.S. degree program The B.S. degree program
requires twelve term courses beyond the prerequisites. In addition to the courses
indicated for the B.A. degree, the B.S. degree requires a course in mathematical analysis
(MATH 260, 300, or 301) and an additional Statistics elective numbered above 200.
Senior requirement In the senior year, majors in both degree programs complete
a research project in STAT 490. Students enrolled in this course work on a research
project under the supervision of a faculty member, present and share their progress
with each other during the seminar meetings, and write a final report.
Credit/D/Fail For students in the Class of 2017 and subsequent classes, a maximum of
one course taken Credit/D/Fail may be counted toward the requirements of the major,
with permission of the director of undergraduate studies.

Prerequisites Both degreesMATH 120 and MATH 222 or 225, or equivalents
Number of courses B.A.10 term courses beyond prereqs (incl senior project); B.S.
12 term courses beyond prereqs (incl senior project)
Specific courses required B.A.STAT 241, 242, 251, 312; 2 from STAT 230, 361, 363;
ENAS 130 or CPSC 112; B.S.same, plus MATH 260, 300, or 301
Distribution of courses B.A. 2 Stat electives numbered above 200, as specified;
B.S.3 Stat electives numbered above 200, as specified
Substitution permitted STAT 238 for STAT 241, with DUS permission; courses in
other depts or grad courses, with DUS permission
Senior requirement Both degreesSenior project (STAT 490)
STAT 101106, Introduction to Statistics

A basic introduction to statistics, including numerical and graphical summaries of data,
probability, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and regression. Each course in
this group focuses on applications to a particular field of study and is taught jointly
Statistics
641
by two instructors, one specializing in statistics and the other in the relevant area
of application. The first seven weeks of classes are attended by all students in STAT
101106 together, as general concepts and methods of statistics are developed. The
remaining weeks are divided into field-specific sections that develop the concepts with
examples and applications. Computers are used for data analysis. These courses are
alternatives; they do not form a sequence and only one may be taken for credit. No
prerequisites beyond high school algebra. May not be taken after STAT 100 or 109.
Students enrolled in STAT 101106 who wish to change to STAT 109, or those enrolled
in STAT 109 who wish to change to STAT 101106, must submit a course change
notice, signed by the instructor, to their residential college dean by Friday, October 2.
The approval of the Committee on Honors and Academic Standing is not required.
[ STAT 101, Introduction to Statistics: Life Sciences ]
STAT 102a / EP&E 203a / PLSC 452a, Introduction to Statistics: Political Science
Staff
STAT 103a / EP&E 209a / PLSC 453a, Introduction to Statistics: Social Sciences Staff
research. QR
STAT 105a, Introduction to Statistics: Medicine Staff
Statistical methods used in medicine and medical research. Practice in reading medical
literature competently and critically, as well as practical experience performing
statistical analysis of medical data. QR
[ STAT 106, Introduction to Statistics: Data Analysis ]
Courses in Statistics
STAT 100b, Introductory Statistics Staff
An introduction to statistical reasoning. Topics include numerical and graphical
summaries of data, data acquisition and experimental design, probability, hypothesis
testing, confidence intervals, correlation and regression. Application of statistical
concepts to data; analysis of real-world problems. May not be taken after STAT 101
106 or 109. QR
STAT 109a, Introduction to Statistics: Fundamentals Staff
General concepts and methods in statistics. Meets for the first half of the term only.
May not be taken after STAT 100 or 101106. Course cr
STAT 230a or b, Introductory Data Analysis Staff
Survey of statistical methods: plots, transformations, regression, analysis of variance,
clustering, principal components, contingency tables, and time series analysis. The R
computing language and Web data sources are used. Prerequisite: a 100-level Statistics
course or equivalent, or with permission of instructor. QR
642
STAT 238a, Probability and Statistics Staff

Fundamental principles and techniques of probabilistic thinking, statistical modeling,
and data analysis. Essentials of probability, including conditional probability, random
variables, distributions, law of large numbers, central limit theorem, and Markov
chains. Statistical inference with emphasis on the Bayesian approach: parameter
estimation, likelihood, prior and posterior distributions, Bayesian inference using
Markov chain Monte Carlo. Introduction to regression and linear models. Computers
are used for calculations, simulations, and analysis of data. After MATH 118 or 120. QR
STAT 241a / MATH 241a, Probability Theory Staff
Introduction to probability theory. Topics include probability spaces, random variables,
expectations and probabilities, conditional probability, independence, discrete and
continuous distributions, central limit theorem, Markov chains, and probabilistic
modeling. After or concurrently with MATH 120 or equivalent. QR
STAT 242b / MATH 242b, Theory of Statistics Staff
Study of the principles of statistical analysis. Topics include maximum likelihood,
sampling distributions, estimation, confidence intervals, tests of significance,
regression, analysis of variance, and the method of least squares. Some statistical
computing. After STAT 241 and concurrently with or after MATH 222 or 225, or
equivalents. QR
STAT 251b / MATH 251b, Stochastic Processes Staff
Introduction to the study of random processes, including Markov chains, Markov
random fields, martingales, random walks, Brownian motion, and diffusions.
Techniques in probability, such as coupling and large deviations. Applications chosen
from image reconstruction, Bayesian statistics, finance, probabilistic analysis of
algorithms, and genetics and evolution. After STAT 241 or equivalent. QR
STAT 312a, Linear Models Staff
The geometry of least squares; distribution theory for normal errors; regression,
analysis of variance, and designed experiments; numerical algorithms, with particular
reference to the R statistical language. After STAT 242 and MATH 222 or 225. QR
STAT 330b / MATH 330b, Advanced Probability Staff
Measure theoretic probability, conditioning, laws of large numbers, convergence
in distribution, characteristic functions, central limit theorems, martingales. Some
knowledge of real analysis assumed. QR
STAT 361a / AMTH 361a, Data Analysis Staff
Selected topics in statistics explored through analysis of data sets using the R statistical
computing language. Topics include linear and nonlinear models, maximum likelihood,
resampling methods, curve estimation, model selection, classification, and clustering.
After STAT 242 and MATH 222 or 225, or equivalents. QR
STAT 363b, Multivariate Statistics for Social Sciences Staff
Introduction to the analysis of multivariate data as applied to examples from the social
sciences. Topics include principal components analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis
(hierarchical clustering, k-means), discriminant analysis, multidimensional scaling,
and structural equations modeling. Extensive computer work using either SAS or SPSS
programming software. Prerequisites: knowledge of basic inferential procedures and
experience with linear models. QR
Study of the City
643
STAT 364b / AMTH 364b / EENG 454b, Information Theory Staff

STAT 365b, Data Mining and Machine Learning Staff
Techniques for data mining and machine learning from both statistical and
computational perspectives, including support vector machines, bagging, boosting,
neural networks, and other nonlinear and nonparametric regression methods.
Discussion includes the basic ideas and intuition behind these methods, a more formal
understanding of how and why they work, and opportunities to experiment with
machine learning algorithms and to apply them to data. After STAT 242. QR
* STAT 480a or b, Individual Studies Staff
Directed individual study for qualified students who wish to investigate an area of
statistics not covered in regular courses. A student must be sponsored by a faculty
member who sets the requirements and meets regularly with the student. Enrollment
requires a written plan of study approved by the faculty adviser and the director of
* STAT 490a or b, Senior Seminar and Project Staff
Under the supervision of a member of the faculty, each student works on an
independent project. Students participate in seminar meetings at which they speak on
the progress of their projects.
Graduate Courses of Particular Interest to

Undergraduates
Courses in the Graduate School are open to qualified undergraduates. Descriptions
of graduate courses in Statistics are available on the departmental Web site (http://
statistics.yale.edu). Permission of the instructor and of the director of graduate studies
is required.
Study of the City

Courses
* STCY 176b / ARCH 230b, Introduction to the Study of the City Alexander Garvin
An examination of forces shaping American cities and strategies for dealing with them.
Topics include housing, commercial development, parks, zoning, urban renewal,
landmark preservation, new towns, and suburbs. The course includes games, simulated
problems, fieldwork, lectures, and discussion. SO
Theater Studies
Director of undergraduate studies: Elise Morrison, Rm. 102, 220 York St., 432-1310;
elise.morrison@yale.edu; theaterstudies.yale.edu
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF THEATER STUDIES

Professors Daphne Brooks (African American Studies, Theater Studies), Richard Lalli
(Adjunct) (Music), *Lawrence Manley (English), Donald Margulies (Adjunct) (English,
644
Theater Studies), J. D. McClatchy (Adjunct) (English), *Charles Musser (Film & Media
Studies, American Studies, Theater Studies), *Joseph Roach (English, African American
Studies, Theater Studies), *Marc Robinson (School of Drama, Theater Studies, English),
Ellen Rosand (Music), *Robert Stepto (African American Studies, English, American
Studies)
Associate Professors *Toni Dorfman (Adjunct) (Theater Studies), Gundula Kreuzer
(Music), Joan MacIntosh (Adjunct) (Theater Studies, School of Drama), *Deb Margolin
(Adjunct) (Theater Studies), Robert Vorlicky (Adjunct) (Visiting)
Assistant Professors Sarah Demers (Physics), William Fleming (Theater Studies, East
Asian Languages & Literatures), Christopher Semk (French)
Lecturers Ren Augesen, Jessica Berson, Emily Coates, Lacina Coulibaly, Daniel Egan,
Grant Herreid, Annette Jolles, Paul Lazar, Elise Morrison, Claire Pamment, Nathan
Roberts, Brian Seibert
Senior Lectors Krystyna Illakowicz, Brbara Safille
*Member of the Executive Committee for the program.
As a branch of the humanities and as a complex cultural practice, theater claims a rich
history and literature and an equally rich repertoire of embodied knowledge and theory.
Theater Studies emphasizes the reciprocal relationship between practice and scholarly
study. The major combines practical training with theory and history, while stressing
creative critical thinking. Students are encouraged to engage intellectual and physical
approaches to explore diverse cultural forms, historical traditions, and contemporary
life.
The study of theater is interdisciplinary in scope and global in perspective. Students
are expected to take courses in cognate disciplines such as history, philosophy,
anthropology, political science, film, art, literature, and foreign languages. Faculty
members are affiliated with a range of departments; their diverse expertise lends
breadth and depth to course offerings and enables students to devise a course of study
reflective of their developing interests.
Special features of the program are the production seminars and guided independent
study projects. Each production seminar concentrates on study, through practice, of
one aspect of work in the theater; examples are approaches to acting, directing, writing,
dance, or design. Each seminar involves numerous projects that grow out of the term's
work. For example, the project may be production of a play or several plays, adaptation
or translation of existing works, or creation of original plays, performance pieces, or set
design. Independent study projects give the student freedom to pursue individual and
group-generated projects under the guidance of a Theater Studies faculty member. All
production seminars require permission of the instructor (by application or audition).
Independent study project courses are open only to majors.
The major The major consists of ten term courses beyond the introductory
prerequisites (THST 110, 111), one of which must be THST 210. Students are
encouraged to enroll in a balanced combination of courses involving studio work and
courses with literature, history, and theory content. Of the ten required term courses,
four must be chosen from four different periods of dramatic literature or theater history
Theater Studies
645
or from four different cultures. A suggested scheme might be one course in each of
four of the following categories: Shakespeare, African American theater, Greek drama,
melodrama, British drama, modern American drama, contemporary American drama,
German drama, or other courses in dramatic literature and theater history. At least
one of the four courses should include dramatic literature originating in a language
other than English. Students are urged to read plays in the original languages whenever
possible.
Students are encouraged to choose additional courses to develop the perspectives
achieved in the production and literature courses. These courses may be selected (1) as
a study of material that has influenced or provided sources for a playwright or theater;
(2) as a study of the historical, political, or religious context of a particular playwright,
theater, or literature; (3) as a study of forms of expression contemporary with a
particular theater or author, for example, courses in music, art history, architecture, or
film; or (4) as a study of theoretical aspects of the theater through courses in such areas
as linguistics, aesthetics, psychology, or the history of criticism.
requirements of the major in Theater Studies.
Senior requirement Majors satisfy the senior requirement in one of two ways. They
may undertake a one-term senior project (THST 491) or, with the approval of the
director of undergraduate studies, they may take one of the dramatic literature or
theater history courses as a senior seminar. Senior projects may take the form of
directing, designing, or writing a play, performing a role, choreographing a dance piece,
or writing a critical essay. Performance-oriented projects are in addition to a senior
essay, which is an integral requirement of THST 491. Students wishing to undertake a
senior project must submit a proposal before the deadline announced by the director of
undergraduate studies. Each proposal is submitted to a faculty committee for approval.
Students interested in mounting a production as part of their senior project are
encouraged to develop collaborative proposals among actors, writers, directors,
designers, dancers, or dramaturgs. Students proposing a collaborative production
project have priority for rehearsal time and production slots in the Whitney Theater
Space, 53 Wall Street. Proposals for senior project productions will normally be
approved only for students who have previously served as producers of other students'
senior projects.
Courses in the School of Drama Undergraduates may not enroll in acting or directing
courses offered by the School of Drama. Majors in Theater Studies, however, are
encouraged to consider taking selected courses in design, dramaturgy, and theater
management, with permission of the instructor, the director of undergraduate studies,
and the registrar of the School of Drama. For a description of these courses, see the
Students enrolling in School of Drama courses should note that a maximum of four
term courses from the professional schools may be offered toward the bachelor's
degree. Students also should note that the academic calendars of the School of Drama
and of Yale College differ. The School of Drama calendar should be consulted for
scheduling.
646
Unless otherwise specified in individual course descriptions, courses in the School of

Drama are not open to the Credit/D/Fail option.

Prerequisites THST 110, 111
Specific course required THST 210
Distribution of courses 4 courses in dramatic lit or theater hist, each from a different
period or culture as specified (1 with reading in lit other than English)
Senior requirement Senior sem or senior project (THST 491)
Core Curriculum in Theater Studies

THST 110a and THST 111b, Survey of Theater and Drama Marc Robinson and
Joseph Roach
An introduction to theater history, plays, aesthetic theories, and performance
techniques. From antiquity to the Restoration period in the fall and continuing through
to the present in the spring. HU
* THST 210a, Introduction to Performance Concepts Deborah Margolin
A studio introduction to the basic techniques of acting, including the actor's vocabulary
and performance tools. Improvisation, performance exercises, and scene work based
on Stanislavsky, Vakhtangov, Michael Chekhov, Strasberg, Adler, Meisner, and Hagen.
Admission by audition. Open to Theater Studies majors only. Required for Theater
Studies majors in the year immediately following THST 110, 111. RP
Drama and Dance: History, Theory, Literature

* THST 099a / FILM 045a, Dance on Film Emily Coates
* THST 115b / HUMS 455b / PHYS 115b, The Physics of Dance Sarah Demers
QR, HU, SC
* THST 221b / RLST 340b / SAST 270b, Islamic Performance Traditions in
Theater Studies
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* THST 228b / ENGL 244b / FILM 397b, Writing about the Performing Arts
Margaret Spillane
* THST 235a / ART 235a, Dance Theater Emily Coates
A practical and theoretical survey of dance theater history. Introduction to movement
vocabularies, physical techniques, and repertoire from post-1950 modern and
postmodern dance theater. Open to students of all levels and majors. HU
* THST 236a / MUSI 246a, American Musical Theater History Daniel Egan
Critical examination of relevance and context in the history of the American musical
theater. Historical survey, including nonmusical trends, combined with text and
musical analysis. WR, HU RP
* THST 244b / ENGL 257b, Writing about Movement Staff
A seminar and workshop in writing about the human body in motion, with a focus
on the art of dance. Close reading of exemplary dance writing from the nineteenth
and twentieth centuries. The challenges and possibilities of writing artfully about
nonverbal expression. Students use a variety of approaches to write about dance and
other performance genres. No previous knowledge of dance required. WR, HU
* THST 265a / FREN 265a, French Classical Tragedy Christopher Semk
Comprehensive survey of seventeenth-century French tragedy, with an emphasis on
performance. Stylistic features and major themes of tragedy; the material conditions of
early modern performance; the art of declamation; recent productions, including both
those that seek to reproduce early modern practices and those that modernize the plays.
Works by Bernard, Corneille, Racine, and Rotrou. L5, HU
* THST 291a / ENGL 288a, Eloquence: Classical Rhetoric for Modern Media Joseph
Roach
Classical rhetoric, from Demosthenes to the digital age: the theory and practice of
persuasive public speaking and speech writing. Open to junior and senior Theater
Studies majors, and to nonmajors with permission of the instructor. Students must
preregister during the reading period of the preceding term. HU
* THST 303a / ENGL 336a / LITR 323a, The Opera Libretto J. D. McClatchy
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* THST 325a / SAST 364a, Performance in South Asia Staff

Introduction to South Asian theater, performance, and dramatic traditions. How the
traditions worked in their original historical and sociocultural contexts; ways in which
traditions have been reconfigured in twentieth-century revivalist projects and current
political and social uses. Instances of classical, popular, colonial, and political theatrical
forms and practices. Readings from play texts, theater treatises, court chronicles, actors'
autobiographies, and reviews, as well as screenings of films and performances. HU
* THST 370b / PLSH 248b, Polish Theater and Its Traditions Krystyna Illakowicz
Exploration of the rebellious, defiant, and explosive nature of Polish theater, including
ways in which theater has challenged, ridiculed, dissected, and disabled oppressive
political power. Polish experimental and absurdist traditions that resulted from a
merger of the artistic and the political; environmental and community traditions of
the Reduta Theatre; Polish-American theater connections. Includes attendance at live
theater events as well as meetings with Polish theater groups and actors. HU Tr
* THST 380a / AMST 370a, The History of Dance Jessica Berson
An examination of major movements in the history of concert and social dance from
the late nineteenth century to the present, including ballet, tap, jazz, modern, musical
theater, and different cultural forms. Topics include tradition versus innovation, the
influence of the African diaspora, and interculturalism. Exercises are used to illuminate
analysis of the body in motion. WR, HU
* THST 388a, Revenge Tragedy and Moral Ambiguity Toni Dorfman
A study of plays and films variously construed as revenge tragedy that raise aesthetic
and ethical issues, including genre, retribution, "just wars," public vs. private justice,
and the possibility of resolution. How questions of crime, punishment, and justice have
been posed in drama, from classical Greece through the twentieth century. HU
* THST 441a / WGSS 413a, Feminist Theater and Performance Elise Morrison
Introduction to a range of works by feminist scholars, activists, playwrights, and
performers who have used theatrical performance as a means by which to critique
and reimagine cultural representations of gender and sexuality. Mapping out of
significant theories, debates, and performance strategies that emerged out of the
feminist movement(s) of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Students
research, perform, and critically engage with historical and contemporary examples of
feminist performance work. HU
* THST 444b, Theories of Embodiment Jessica Berson
Examination of theories about the body and its motion. The inscription of identity on
and through the body; ways in which the body resists and rewrites identity through
movement. The body as a physical, social, and phenomenological entity; institutional,
normative, aesthetic, and virtual bodies. Practical workshops and exercises include
movement experiences. Open to junior and senior Theater Studies majors, and to
nonmajors with permission of the instructor. Students must preregister during the
reading period of the preceding term. HU
Playwriting, Production, and Performance

* THST 211b, Intermediate Acting Joan MacIntosh
Continued study of acting as an art, building on performance concepts introduced in
THST 210. Various approaches to the actor's task, requiring deeper understanding of
Theater Studies
649
conceptual issues and increasing freedom and individuality in building a character.

Exercises, monologues, and scene work. Admission by audition. Prerequisite: THST
210. HU RP
* THST 222a / MUSI 224a, The Performance of Musical Theater Andrew Gerle
A course for singers and pianists that emphasizes both practical performance and
structural analysis. Study of the structure and composition of traditional and
contemporary musical theater material in order to improve the comprehension and
performance of representative songs. RP
* THST 226b / MUSI 229b, Musical Theater Performance II Annette Jolles
The collaborative process and its effect on musical theater performance. Choreography,
music direction, and origination of new works. Analysis of texts, scripts, and taped or
filmed performances; applications in students' own performance. May be repeated for
credit. For audition information e-mail dan.egan@yale.edu. RP
* THST 230b, Advanced Acting and Scene Study Joan MacIntosh
Combination of exercises and scene study to deepen the understanding and playing of
action. Admission by audition. Open to junior and senior Theater Studies majors only.
May be taken more than once. Prerequisite: THST 211. RP
* THST 231a, Chekhov in Performance Ren Augesen
A studio-based exploration of the world of Anton Chekhov, focusing on character
analysis and development. Admission by audition only. Preference to Theater Studies
majors. HU
* THST 300a, The Director and the Text I Toni Dorfman
Basic exercises in approaching dramatic or other literary texts from the director's
perspective. Particular attention to the many roles and functions of the director in
production. Rehearsal and production of workshop scenes. Open to junior and
senior Theater Studies majors, and to nonmajors with permission of the instructor.
Prerequisite: THST 210. HU RP
* THST 315a, Acting Shakespeare James Bundy
A practicum in acting verse drama, focusing on tools to mine the printed text for given
circumstances, character, objective, and action; noting the opportunities and limitations
that the printed play script presents; and promoting both the expressive freedom and
responsibility of the actor as an interpretive and collaborative artist in rehearsal. The
course will include work on sonnets, monologues, and scenes. Admission by audition.
Preference to seniors and juniors; open to nonmajors. HU RP
* THST 318b / MUSI 322b, Analyzing, Directing, and Performing Early Opera Grant
Herreid
Study of a seventeenth-century Venetian opera, with attention to structural analysis
of text and music. Exploration of period performance practice, including rhetorical
expression, musical style, gesture, dance, Italian elocution, and visual design.
Production of the opera in conjunction with the Yale Baroque Opera Project. Open to all
students, but designed especially for singers and directors. Prerequisites: MUSI 211 and
219. Admission by audition only. May be repeated for credit. For audition information
e-mail grant.herreid@yale.edu. HU RP
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* THST 320b / ENGL 453b, Playwriting Donald Margulies

A seminar and workshop in writing for the stage. Readings include modern American
and British plays by Pinter, Mamet, Churchill, Kushner, Williams, and Wilder.
Emphasis on play structure, character, and conflict. In addition to weekly exercises,
students write a one-act play. RP
* THST 321a, Production Seminar: Playwriting Deborah Margolin
A seminar and workshop in playwriting. Emphasis on developing an individual voice.
Scenes read and critiqued in class. Admission by application, with priority to Theater
Studies majors. A writing sample and statement of purpose should be submitted to the
instructor before the first class meeting. RP
* THST 322b, Advanced Playwriting Deborah Margolin
A seminar and workshop in advanced playwriting that furthers the development of
an individual voice. Study of contemporary and classical plays to understand new and
traditional forms. Students write two drafts of an original one-act play or adaptation
for critique in workshop sessions. Familiarity with basic playwriting tools is assumed.
Open to juniors and seniors, nonmajors as well as majors, on the basis of their work;
priority to Theater Studies majors. Writing samples should be submitted to the
instructor before the first class meeting. Prerequisite: THST 320 or 321, or a college
seminar in playwriting, or equivalent experience. RP
* THST 335a / AFST 435a, West African Dance: Traditional to Contemporary Lacina
Coulibaly
* THST 343b, Public Speaking Elise Morrison
Development of skills in public speaking and in critical analysis of public discourse.
Key aspects of rhetoric and cultural communication; techniques for formulating and
organizing persuasive arguments, engaging with an audience, and using the voice and
body effectively.
* THST 376a, Digital Media in Performance Elise Morrison
Practical and theoretical innovations in contemporary theater and performance brought
about by new technologies and forms of information exchange in the late twentieth and
early twenty-first centuries. Exploration of how the live body on stage is reconfigured
and reimagined through technological intervention. Priority to majors in Theater
Studies, in Art, and in Computing and the Arts. Students must preregister during the
reading period of the preceding term. HU
* THST 401a, Conceptual Sound Design for Theater Nathan Roberts
Theoretical and practical considerations for conceptual sound design, the creation
of aural content and imagery in support of dramatic action. The use of sound to
communicate meaning and intention effectively in a theatrical setting. Auditory
culture and the phenomenology of hearing; the role of technology in sound design;
development of critical listerning skills and of a foundational vocabulary for the
medium. Projects focus on the generation of content and ideas in support of a text.
Theater Studies
651
* THST 410a, Choreographing Theater Staff

The synthesis of choreographic and directorial practices in theater making explored
through the creation of an original work of performance. Ways in which heightened
attention to movement draws out unique aspects of texts. Content of the performance
is derived in collaboration with the students and inspired by sources ranging from
literature to film to daily conversation. Preference to Theater Studies majors. HU RP
* THST 413b, Structures of Comic Performance Deborah Margolin
Relations between the theory and practice of comic performance. A historical
dramaturgical investigation of what makes something funny; practical, performative
experiments in comedy. Prerequisites: THST 210 and 211. WR, HU
* THST 437a / ENGL 479a / ER&M 437a, Playwriting Workshop: Adaptation, Sacred
for the stage. HU
* THST 442b, Scene Study Joseph Roach
Ensemble studio explorations of classic scenes from the repertoire of modern and
contemporary drama. Admission by audition only. Preference to Theater Studies
majors. HU
Special Projects
* THST 471a and THST 472b, Directed Independent Study Elise Morrison
An independent study should generally conform to the standards and procedures
of the senior project, THST 491, even when not undertaken by a senior. If the
independent study is a performance or directing project, the adviser visits rehearsals
and performances at the mutual convenience of adviser and student. The project must
be accompanied by an essay of about fifteen pages, worth about half the final grade.
Although the paper's requirements vary with the project and its adviser, it must be
more than a rehearsal log. The paper typically engages interpretative and performance
issues as revealed in other productions of the work (if they exist). The writing should
be concomitant with rehearsal, to enable each to inform the other, and a draft must
be presented to, and commented on by, the adviser at least a week beforenot after
the final performance. The final version of the paper, incorporating adjustments
and reflections, should be turned in to the adviser no later than ten days after the
performance closes, and no later than the first day of the final examination period.
An essay project entails substantial reading, at least four meetings with the adviser,
and a paper or papers totaling at least twenty pages. A playwriting project normally
requires twenty new script pages every two weeks of the term and regular meetings
with the adviser. A final draft of the entire script is the culmination of the term's work.
Application forms are available from the director of undergraduate studies. Juniors may
use one term of these courses to prepare for their senior projects. Open to juniors and
seniors. Prerequisites: THST 210 and one seminar.
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* THST 491a or b, Senior Project in Theater Studies Elise Morrison

Students must submit proposals for senior projects to the Theater Studies office
by the deadline announced by the director of undergraduate studies. Attendance at
weekly section meetings is required for all students undertaking production projects.
Application forms are available in the Theater Studies office, 220 York St.
Urban Studies
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH URBAN STUDIES
Professors Katerina Clark (Comparative Literature, Slavic Languages & Literatures),
Kathryn Dudley (Anthropology, American Studies), Keller Easterling (School of
Architecture), Dolores Hayden (School of Architecture, American Studies), Matthew
Jacobson (African American Studies, History, American Studies), Jennifer Klein (History),
Alan Plattus (School of Architecture), Douglas Rae (School of Management, Political
Science), Helen Siu (Anthropology), Robert Solomon (Law School), Jay Winter (History)
Associate Professor Michael Rowe (School of Medicine)
Lecturers Karla Britton (Architecture), Gordon Geballe (Forestry & Environmental
Studies), Jay Gitlin (History), Virginia Jewiss (Humanities)
Courses related to urban studies may be found in a number of different departments
and programs, particularly American Studies, Anthropology, Architecture,
Environmental Studies, History, Humanities, Political Science, and Sociology. The
course Introduction to the Study of the City is offered each year; details may be found
under the heading Study of the City (p. 643).
Urban studies can be incorporated into a number of major programs. The Architecture
major includes an Urban Studies track. Students majoring in American Studies and
in Ethics, Politics, and Economics are required to select an area of concentration, and
urban studies meets this requirement. Political Science majors who select the optional
interdisciplinary concentration may focus on urban studies.
Students interested in pursuing a concentration in urban studies within a particular
major are encouraged to contact their director of undergraduate studies. Faculty
members listed above are available to help students identify appropriate sequences and
combinations of courses and may also be willing to meet with students who are writing
senior essays on interdisciplinary urban topics.
Womens, Gender, and Sexuality Studies

Director of undergraduate studies: Inderpal Grewal, 318 WLH, 432-0848,
inderpal.grewal@yale.edu; wgss.yale.edu
FACULTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRAM OF WOMENS, GENDER,

AND SEXUALITY STUDIES
Professors Julia Adams (Sociology), Elizabeth Alexander (African American Studies),
Carol Armstrong (History of Art), Seyla Benhabib (Political Science, Philosophy),
Jill Campbell (English), Hazel Carby (African American Studies, American Studies),
Kang-i Sun Chang (East Asian Languages & Literatures), George Chauncey (History),
Deborah Davis (Sociology, East Asian Studies), Kathryn Dudley (Anthropology, American
Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies
653
Studies), Ron Eyerman (Sociology), Glenda Gilmore (History), Jacqueline Goldsby

(African American Studies, English), Inderpal Grewal (American Studies, Anthropology,
Womens, Gender, & Sexuality Studies), Dolores Hayden (School of Architecture, American
Studies), Margaret Homans (English, Womens, Gender, & Sexuality Studies), Marcia
Inhorn (Anthropology, Global Affairs), Jennifer Klein (History), Marianne LaFrance
(Psychology, Womens, Gender, & Sexuality Studies), Kathryn Lofton (American Studies,
Religious Studies), Mary Lui (American Studies, History), Kobena Mercer (History of Art,
African American Studies), Joanne Meyerowitz (American Studies, History), Priyamvada
Natarajan (Astronomy), Sally Promey (American Studies, Institute of Sacred Music),
Frances Rosenbluth (Political Science), Alicia Schmidt Camacho (American Studies),
William Summers (Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry), Michael Warner (English,
American Studies), Laura Wexler (American Studies, Womens, Gender, & Sexuality
Studies), Elisabeth Wood (Political Science)
Associate Professors Jafari Allen (African American Studies, Anthropology), Crystal
Feimster (African American Studies), Moira Fradinger (Comparative Literature), Zareena
Grewal (American Studies, Religious Studies), Janet Henrich (School of Medicine), Deb
Margolin (Adjunct) (Theater Studies), Karen Nakamura (Anthropology, East Asian
Studies), Naomi Rogers (History of Medicine, History)
Assistant Professors Vanessa Agard-Jones (Womens, Gender, & Sexuality Studies),
Rene Almeling (Sociology), Joseph Fischel (Womens, Gender, & Sexuality Studies),
Greta LaFleur (American Studies), Vida Maralani (Sociology), Dixa Ramirez (American
Studies), Birgit Rasmussen (American Studies)
Senior Lecturers Geetanjali Singh Chanda (Womens, Gender, & Sexuality Studies),
Becky Conekin (History), Ron Gregg (Film & Media Studies), Rebecca Tannenbaum
(History), Maria Trumpler (Womens, Gender, & Sexuality Studies)
Lecturers Melanie Boyd (Womens, Gender, & Sexuality Studies), Ziv Eisenberg
(History), George Syrimis (Hellenic Studies)
Genders and sexualities are powerful organizing forces: they shape identities and
institutions, nations and economies, cultures and political systems. Careful study
of gender and sexuality thus explains crucial aspects of our everyday lives on both
intimate and global scales. The scholarship in Womens, Gender, and Sexuality Studies
is interdisciplinary and wide-ranging, drawing on history, literature, cultural studies,
social sciences, and natural science to study genders and sexualities as they intersect
with race, ethnicity, class, nationality, transnational processes, disability, and religion.
Students majoring in Womens, Gender, and Sexuality Studies take a series of core
courses, develop an individual area of concentration, and write a two-term senior essay.
The program encourages work that is interdisciplinary, intersectional, international,
and transnational. Individual concentrations evolve along with students intellectual
growth and academic expertise. Recent examples of concentrations include literature
and queer aesthetics; transnational feminist practices; the intellectual history of civil
rights activism; AIDS health policies; gender, religion, and international NGOs;
womens health; food, sexuality, and lesbian community; and gender and sexuality in
early education.
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Requirements of the major Womens, Gender, and Sexuality Studies requires twelve
term courses and may be taken either as a primary major or as one of two majors. For
students in the Class of 2016 and previous classes, requirements include one gateway
course and one intermediate course; for students in the Class of 2017 and subsequent
classes, two intermediate courses are required. For all classes, the major also includes
one transnational perspectives course, one methodology course, courses in an area of
concentration, the junior sequence, and the senior sequence. The area of concentration
consists of at least five courses, the majority of which should be drawn from program
offerings. Courses for the area of concentration may also fulfill the requirements in
transnational perspectives and methodology. Substitutions to the major requirements
may be made only with the written permission of the director of undergraduate studies.
Gateway and intermediate courses for the Class of 2016 and previous classes The
gateway courses (WGSS 110, 111, 115, 120, 200, and 201) offer broad introductions
to the fields of womens, gender, and sexuality studies. There are two intermediate
courses: Globalizing Gender (WGSS 295) and Introduction to LGBT Studies (WGSS
296). Majors are encouraged to take both but need take only one, preferably after the
gateway course and prior to the junior sequence. (WGSS 295 cannot fulfill both the
transnational perspectives and the intermediate requirements.)
Intermediate courses for the Class of 2017 and subsequent classes There are two
intermediate courses: Bodies and Pleasures, Sex and Genders (WGSS 205) and
Globalizing Gender and Sexuality (WGSS 206). Majors are required to take both,
preferably prior to the junior sequence.
Transnational perspectives course Ideally, each student's course work engages a broad
diversity of cultural contexts, ethnicities, and global locations. Such study illuminates
the links among nations, states, cultures, regions, and global locations. Most students
take several classes that focus on genders and sexualities outside the U.S. context;
majors are required to take at least one (not including WGSS 205).
Methodology course Given its interdisciplinary nature, Womens, Gender, and
Sexuality Studies necessarily relies on a wide range of methodologies: literary criticism,
ethnography, visual analysis, historiography, and quantitative data analysis, among
others. Each student is expected to acquire competence in at least one methodology
relevant to his or her own concentration and planned senior essay. In preparation for
the senior essay, students are advised to complete the methods requirement in the
junior year.
Junior sequence The two-term junior sequence consists of Feminist and Queer Theory
(WGSS 340) and Junior Seminar: Theory and Method (WGSS 398). All students in
the major must take both courses. (Individualized alternatives are found for students
who study abroad during the junior year.)
Senior sequence and senior essay The two-term senior sequence consists of the Senior
Colloquium (WGSS 490), in which students begin researching and writing a senior
essay, followed by the Senior Essay (WGSS 491), in which students complete the essay.
The senior essay is developed and written under the guidance and supervision of a
WGSS-affiliated faculty member with expertise in the area of concentration. Students
are expected to meet with their essay advisers on a regular basis.
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Prerequisites None
Specific courses required All classesWGSS 340, 398; Class of 2017 and subsequent
classesWGSS 205, 206
Distribution of courses All classes1 transnational perspectives course; 1 methodology
course; 5 electives in area of concentration; Class of 2016 and previous classes1
gateway course and 1 intermediate course, as specified
Senior requirement Senior colloq and senior essay (WGSS 490, 491)
Gateway Courses
WGSS 111b / AMST 111b / RLST 111b, Sexuality and Religion Kathryn Lofton
HU
WGSS 120a, Women, Food, and Culture Maria Trumpler
Interdisciplinary exploration of the gendering of food production, preparation, and
consumption in cross-cultural perspective. Topics include agricultural practices,
cooking, pasteurization, kitchen technology, food storage, home economics, hunger,
anorexia, breast-feeding, meals, and ethnic identity. SO
WGSS 200a / AMST 135a / HIST 127a, U.S. Lesbian and Gay History George
Chauncey
* WGSS 205a, Bodies and Pleasures, Sex and Genders Anusha Alles
Sexuality explored as an embodied, historical production. Focus on the dynamic,
contested relationship between the concepts of gender and sexuality. Investigation of
sexuality at the sites of racial difference, psychoanalysis, AIDS, transnationality, U.S.
law, publicity, and politics. Ways in which pleasure, power, and inequality are unevenly
imbricated. Includes occasional evening screenings. SO
* WGSS 206b, Globalizing Gender and Sexuality Vanessa Agard-Jones
Examination of transnational debates about gender and sexuality as they unfold in
specific contexts. Gender as a category that can or cannot travel; feminist critiques of
liberal rights paradigms; globalization of particular models of gender/queer advocacy;
the role of NGOs in global debates about gender and sexuality.
WR
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Junior Seminars
* WGSS 340a / ENGL 357a, Feminist and Queer Theory Margaret Homans
Historical survey of feminist and queer theory from the Enlightenment to the present,
with readings from key British, French, and American works. Focus on the foundations
and development of contemporary theory. Shared intellectual origins and concepts,
as well as divergences and conflicts, among different ways of approaching gender and
sexuality. WR, HU
* WGSS 398b, Junior Seminar: Theory and Method Vanessa Agard-Jones
An interdisciplinary approach to studying gender and sexuality. Exploration of a range
of relevant theoretical frameworks and methodologies. Prepares students for the senior
essay. WR, HU, SO
Senior Course
* WGSS 490a, The Senior Colloquium Inderpal Grewal
A research seminar taken during the senior year. Students with diverse research
interests and experience discuss common problems and tactics in doing independent
research.
Electives
* WGSS 032a, History of Sexuality Maria Trumpler
Exploration of scientific and medical writings on sexuality over the past century. Focus
on the tension between nature and culture in shaping theories, the construction of
heterosexuality and homosexuality, the role of scientific studies in moral discourse,
and the rise of sexology as a scientific discipline. Enrollment limited to freshmen.
* WGSS 033b / HIST 033b, Fashion in London and Paris, 1750 to the Present Becky
Conekin
WGSS 168b / NELC 167b, Women in the Ancient World Karen Foster
Introduction to the roles of women in ancient Egyptian, Mesopotamian, and Aegean
society, as reflected in painting, sculpture, decorative arts, and literature, as well as in
the earliest women's writings known. HU
WGSS 169a / ANTH 169a, Anthropological Approaches to Sex Karen Nakamura
The analytical concept of sex explored using theories and methods from archaeology
and from biological, sociocultural, and linguistic anthropology. Sexual morphology and
behavior; constructions of sex and gender; gendered violence, power, and language;
kinship and mating. SO
WGSS 211b / AFAM 140b / AMST 211b / ENGL 293b / ER&M 210b, Race and Gender
657
difference. WR, HU
* WGSS 220b / PLSC 220b, Women and U.S. Politics Rachel Silbermann
The role of women in current U.S. political processes and institutions. Whether
American women and men differ in their political opinions and behavior. Differences in
leadership between women and men as legislators, executives, and judges. Why women
continue to be underrepresented as officeholders despite their voting at a rate equal to
or higher than men's. SO
WGSS 230a / ANTH 230a, Evolutionary Biology of Women's Reproductive Lives
Claudia Valeggia
Evolutionary and biosocial perspectives on female reproductive lives. Physiological,
ecological, and social aspects of women's development from puberty through
menopause and aging, with special attention to reproductive processes such as
pregnancy, birth, and lactation. Variation in female life histories in a variety of cultural
and ecological settings. Examples from both traditional and modern societies. SC
* WGSS 234b / ANTH 234b, Disability and Culture Karen Nakamura
WGSS 272a / AMST 272a / ER&M 282a / HIST 183a, Asian American History, 1800 to
* WGSS 292a / AFAM 296a / AMST 296a / ENGL 296a, Contemporary African
* WGSS 297a / ENGL 292a, Imagining Sexual Politics, 1960s to the Present
Margaret Homans
Historical survey of works of fiction, poetry, drama, and creative nonfiction that have
shaped and responded to feminist, queer, and transgender thought since the start of
second-wave feminism. Authors include Wittig, Rich, Broumas, Brown, Russ, Walker,
Lorde, Morrison, Kingston, Atwood, Cisneros, Bechdel, and Rankine. WR, HU
* WGSS 300b / CLCV 319b / HIST 242Jb / MGRK 300b, The Olympic Games, Ancient
658

WGSS 302a / PHIL 312a / PLSC 311a, How We Choose, and Choose Well Hlne
Landemore
* WGSS 304b, Men, Manhood, and Masculinity Staff
Cultural and historic constructions of masculinity explored through an investigation of
male bodies, sexualities, and social interactions. Multiple masculinities; the relationship
between hegemonic, nonhegemonic, and subordinate masculinities. SO
* WGSS 308a / ANTH 308a, Queer Ethnographies Karen Nakamura
* WGSS 314b / EP&E 267b / SOCY 216b, Social Movements Ron Eyerman
fundamentalism. SO
* WGSS 316a / AFAM 273a / EP&E 244a / SOCY 314a, Inequality in America Vida
Maralani
* WGSS 321b / ANTH 321b / MMES 321b, Middle East Gender Studies Marcia
Inhorn
* WGSS 327b / ER&M 327b / MMES 311b, Constructing the Self: From
659
* WGSS 328b / ER&M 328b / SAST 458b, Popular Culture and Postcolonial India
Geetanjali Chanda
* WGSS 354a / HIST 191Ja, Women, Gender, and Grassroots Politics in the United
States after World War II Jennifer Klein
American politics and grassroots social movements from 1945 to the present explored
through women's activism and through gender politics more broadly. Ideas about
gender identities, gender roles, and family in the shaping of social movements;
strategies used on the local, regional, national, and international levels. Connections
between organizing and policy, public and private, state and family, and migration,
immigration, and empire. WR, HU
* WGSS 380a / AMST 402a / ANTH 302a / FILM 324a, Gender and Sexuality in
* WGSS 390b / ER&M 360b / HLTH 370b / HSHM 432b / SOCY 390b, Politics of
WGSS 405a / EALL 211a, Women and Literature in Traditional China Kang-i Sun
Chang
* WGSS 409b / AMST 410b, Asian American Women and Gender, 1830 to the Present
Mary Lui
660
* WGSS 410b / AFAM 410b / AMST 310b, Interdisciplinary Approaches to African

* WGSS 413a / THST 441a, Feminist Theater and Performance Elise Morrison
Introduction to a range of works by feminist scholars, activists, playwrights, and
performers who have used theatrical performance as a means by which to critique
and reimagine cultural representations of gender and sexuality. Mapping out of
significant theories, debates, and performance strategies that emerged out of the
feminist movement(s) of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Students
research, perform, and critically engage with historical and contemporary examples of
feminist performance work. HU
* WGSS 426b / ENGL 446b, Virginia Woolf Margaret Homans
A study of the major novels and other writings by Virginia Woolf, with additional
readings in historical contexts and in Woolf biography and criticism. Focus on Woolf 's
modernist formal experimentation and on her responses and contributions to political
movements of her day, principally feminism and pacifism; attention also to the critical
reception of her work, with emphasis on feminist and queer literary criticism and
theory. WR, HU
* WGSS 431a / ANTH 451a, Intersectionality and Womens Health Marcia Inhorn
* WGSS 453a / HIST 142Ja / HSHM 445a, Women and Medicine in America from the
* WGSS 454a / FILM 377a, Postwar Queer Avant-Garde Film Ronald Gregg
Production, exhibition, and aesthetic practices in postwar queer underground cinema in
the United States as it developed from the 1930s to the early 1970s. The films of gay or
bisexual filmmakers such as Willard Maas, Andy Warhol, Jack Smith, Kenneth Anger,
and Jos Rodriguez-Soltero; the work of antiheteronormative female filmmakers such
as Barbara Rubin and Marie Menken; the links between avant-garde cinema, theater,
and other arts, as well as the political context. HU
* WGSS 459a / ANTH 455a, Masculinity and Mens Health Marcia Inhorn
661
* WGSS 460a / HSHM 455a, History of the Body: Science, Medicine, and the Arts
Staff
The body as a site of knowledge in science, medicine, and the arts from antiquity to
the present. The history of anatomy from Leonardo to the Body Worlds exhibits;
the artificial body from the cyborg to cosmetic surgery; the gendering of natural
knowledge. WR, HU
* WGSS 471a or b, Independent Directed Study Inderpal Grewal
For students who wish to explore an aspect of women's, gender, and sexuality studies
not covered by existing courses. The course may be used for research or directed
readings and should include one lengthy or several short essays. Students meet with
their adviser regularly. To apply for admission, students present a prospectus to the
director of undergraduate studies along with a letter of support from the adviser. The
prospectus must include a description of the research area, a core bibliography, and the
expected sequence and scope of written assignments.
The Work of Yale University

The work of Yale University is carried on in the following schools:
Yale College Est. 1701. Courses in humanities, social sciences, natural sciences,
mathematical and computer sciences, and engineering. Bachelor of Arts (B.A.),
Bachelor of Science (B.S.). 203 432-9300 http://admissions.yale.edu
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Est. 1847. Courses for college graduates. Master
of Advanced Study (M.A.S.), Master of Arts (M.A.), Master of Science (M.S.), Master
of Philosophy (M.Phil.), Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). 203 432-2771 http://gsas.yale.edu
School of Medicine Est. 1810. Courses for college graduates and students who have
completed requisite training in approved institutions. Doctor of Medicine (M.D.).
Postgraduate study in the basic sciences and clinical subjects. Five-year combined
program leading to Doctor of Medicine and Master of Health Science (M.D./M.H.S.).
Combined program with the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences leading to Doctor
of Medicine and Doctor of Philosophy (M.D./Ph.D.). Master of Medical Science
(M.M.Sc.) from the Physician Associate Program. 203 785-2643 http://medicine.yale.edu/
education/admissions
Divinity School Est. 1822. Courses for college graduates. Master of Divinity (M.Div.),
Master of Arts in Religion (M.A.R.). Individuals with an M.Div. degree may apply for
the program leading to the degree of Master of Sacred Theology (S.T.M.). 203 432-5360
http://divinity.yale.edu
Law School Est. 1824. Courses for college graduates. Juris Doctor (J.D.). Graduate
Programs: Master of Laws (LL.M.), Doctor of the Science of Law (J.S.D.), Master
of Studies in Law (M.S.L.). Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) awarded by the Graduate
School of Arts and Sciences. 203 432-4995 www.law.yale.edu
School of Engineering & Applied Science Est. 1852. Courses for college graduates.
Master of Science (M.S.) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) awarded by the Graduate
School of Arts and Sciences. 203 432-4252 http://seas.yale.edu
School of Art Est. 1869. Professional courses for college and art school graduates.
Master of Fine Arts (M.F.A.). 203 432-2600 http://art.yale.edu
School of Music Est. 1894. Graduate professional studies in performance, composition,
and conducting. Certificate in Performance, Master of Music (M.M.), Master of
Musical Arts (M.M.A.), Artist Diploma, Doctor of Musical Arts (D.M.A.). 203 432-4155
http://music.yale.edu
School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Est. 1900. Courses for college graduates.
Master of Forestry (M.F.), Master of Forest Science (M.F.S.), Master of Environmental
Science (M.E.Sc.), Master of Environmental Management (M.E.M.). Doctor of
Philosophy (Ph.D.) awarded by the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. 800
825-0330 http://environment.yale.edu
The Work of Yale University
663
School of Public Health Est. 1915. Courses for college graduates. Master of Public
Health (M.P.H.). Master of Science (M.S.) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) awarded
by the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. 203 785-2844 http://publichealth.yale.edu
School of Architecture Est. 1916. Courses for college graduates. Professional degree:
Master of Architecture (M.Arch.); nonprofessional degree: Master of Environmental
Design (M.E.D.). Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) awarded by the Graduate School of
Arts and Sciences. 203 432-2296 http://architecture.yale.edu
School of Nursing Est. 1923. Courses for college graduates. Master of Science in
Nursing (M.S.N.), Post Masters Certificate, Doctor of Nursing Practice (D.N.P.).
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) awarded by the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
203 785-2389 http://nursing.yale.edu
School of Drama Est. 1925. Courses for college graduates and certificate students.
Master of Fine Arts (M.F.A.), Certificate in Drama, One-year Technical Internship
(Certificate), Doctor of Fine Arts (D.F.A.). 203 432-1507 http://drama.yale.edu
School of Management Est. 1976. Courses for college graduates. Master of Business
Administration (M.B.A.), Master of Advanced Management (M.A.M.). Doctor of
Philosophy (Ph.D.) awarded by the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. http://
som.yale.edu
Index
A
A Message from the Dean of Yale College .................................................................................. 17
Academic Penalties and Restrictions .......................................................................................... 58
Academic Regulations ................................................................................................................ 33
Acceleration Policies .................................................................................................................. 84
Accounting ................................................................................................................................ 92
Aerospace Studies ......................................................................................................................92
African American Studies .......................................................................................................... 94
African Studies ..........................................................................................................................99
Amendments ............................................................................................................................. 89
American Studies ..................................................................................................................... 107
Anthropology ........................................................................................................................... 118
Applied Mathematics ............................................................................................................... 129
Applied Physics ........................................................................................................................ 134
Archaeological Studies .............................................................................................................. 137
Architecture ..............................................................................................................................143
Art ........................................................................................................................................... 150
Astronomy ...............................................................................................................................160
B
Biology .................................................................................................................................... 166
Biomedical Engineering ........................................................................................................... 167
British Studies ..........................................................................................................................172
Building Abbreviations ................................................................................................................ 7
C
Chemical Engineering .............................................................................................................. 173
Chemistry ................................................................................................................................ 178
Child Study Center ................................................................................................................. 190
Classics .................................................................................................................................... 192
Cognitive Science .....................................................................................................................202
College Seminars ..................................................................................................................... 210
Completion of Course Work ......................................................................................................54
Computer Science .................................................................................................................... 210
Computer Science and Mathematics ........................................................................................ 219
Index
665
Computer Science and Psychology ...........................................................................................220

Computing and the Arts ...........................................................................................................221
Course Credits and Course Loads ..............................................................................................44
Credit from Other Universities .................................................................................................. 81
D
DeVane Lecture Course ............................................................................................................224
Directed Studies .......................................................................................................................224
Distributional Requirements ......................................................................................................19
E
East Asian Languages and Literatures .......................................................................................225
East Asian Studies .................................................................................................................... 233
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology ............................................................................................241
Economics ............................................................................................................................... 249
Economics and Mathematics ....................................................................................................262
Education Studies .................................................................................................................... 263
Electrical Engineering .............................................................................................................. 265
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ...........................................................................273
Eli Whitney Students Program .................................................................................................. 77
Energy Studies ......................................................................................................................... 275
Engineering ..............................................................................................................................275
Engineering and Applied Science ............................................................................................. 276
English Language and Literature ............................................................................................. 279
Environment ........................................................................................................................... 299
Environmental Engineering .....................................................................................................299
Environmental Studies .............................................................................................................303
Ethics, Politics, and Economics .................................................................................................311
Ethnicity, Race, and Migration .................................................................................................322
F
Film and Media Studies ........................................................................................................... 333
Final Examination Schedules ..................................................................................................... 14
Forestry and Environmental Studies ........................................................................................ 342
French ......................................................................................................................................344
Freshman Seminar Program ..................................................................................................... 352
G
Geology and Geophysics .......................................................................................................... 359
666
German Studies .......................................................................................................................369

Germanic Languages and Literatures .......................................................................................369
Global Affairs ........................................................................................................................... 377
Global Health Studies .............................................................................................................. 385
Grades .......................................................................................................................................40
H
Hellenic Studies ....................................................................................................................... 393
History .................................................................................................................................... 394
History of Art .......................................................................................................................... 418
History of Science, Medicine, and Public Health ...................................................................... 425
Honors .......................................................................................................................................31
Human Rights .........................................................................................................................430
Humanities ...............................................................................................................................431
I
International Experience ............................................................................................................ 24
Italian .......................................................................................................................................437
J
J. Leave of Absence, Withdrawal, and Reinstatement .................................................................59
Judaic Studies .......................................................................................................................... 442
K
Key to Course Listings ................................................................................................................6
L
Latin American Studies ........................................................................................................... 446
Linguistics ................................................................................................................................ 455
Literature .................................................................................................................................464
M
Major Programs ......................................................................................................................... 22
Majors in Yale College .............................................................................................................. 90
Mathematics ............................................................................................................................ 476
Mathematics and Philosophy ...................................................................................................486
Mathematics and Physics ......................................................................................................... 487
Mechanical Engineering ...........................................................................................................488
Media Theory and History ...................................................................................................... 494
Miscellaneous .............................................................................................................................32
Modern Middle East Studies ................................................................................................... 495
Index
667
Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry ................................................................................... 501

Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology ...................................................................... 507
Music ....................................................................................................................................... 521
N
Naval Science ........................................................................................................................... 532
Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations ................................................................................ 535
Nondegree Students Program ....................................................................................................79
P
Philosophy ............................................................................................................................... 544
Physics ......................................................................................................................................551
Physics and Geosciences .......................................................................................................... 560
Physics and Philosophy ............................................................................................................561
Political Science ........................................................................................................................561
Portuguese ............................................................................................................................... 579
Promotion and Good Standing ................................................................................................. 46
Psychology ............................................................................................................................... 582
Public Health ........................................................................................................................... 593
R
Reading Period and Final Examination Period ........................................................................... 52
Registration and Enrollment in Courses .................................................................................... 47
Religious Studies ..................................................................................................................... 594
Requirements for the B.A. or B.S. Degree .................................................................................. 33
Russian and East European Studies ........................................................................................ 600
S
Science .................................................................................................................................... 604
Slavic Languages and Literatures .............................................................................................604
Sociology ..................................................................................................................................611
South Asian Studies ................................................................................................................ 620
Southeast Asia Studies .............................................................................................................627
Spanish ....................................................................................................................................630
Special Arrangements ................................................................................................................ 65
Special Divisional Majors ........................................................................................................ 636
Special Programs ....................................................................................................................... 26
Statistics .................................................................................................................................. 639
Study of the City ..................................................................................................................... 643
668
Subject Abbreviations .................................................................................................................15
T
The Residential Colleges ............................................................................................................23
The Undergraduate Curriculum .................................................................................................18
The Work of Yale University ................................................................................................... 662
Theater Studies ........................................................................................................................643
Transfer Students .......................................................................................................................75
U
Urban Studies ..........................................................................................................................652
W
Withdrawal from Courses ......................................................................................................... 50
Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies ................................................................................. 652
Y
Yale College Administrative Officers .......................................................................................... 12
Yale College Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines .......................................................................... 8
Yale Summer Session ................................................................................................................. 25
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BULLETIN OF YALE UNIVERSITY Series 111 Number 9 August 1, 2015(USPS 078-500)

is published seventeen times a year (one time in May and October; three times in
June and September; four times in July; five times in August) by Yale University,
2 Whitney Avenue, New Haven CT 0651o. Periodicals postage paid at New Haven,
Connecticut.
Postmaster: Send address changes to Bulletin of Yale University,
Managing Editor: Kimberly M. Go-Crews
Editor: Lesley K. Baier
The closing date for material in this bulletin was May 1, 2015.
The University reserves the right to withdraw or modify the courses of instruction
or to change the instructors at any time.
2015 by Yale University. All rights reserved. The material in this bulletin may not
be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form, whether in print or electronic media,
without written permission from Yale University.
Printed on recycled paper. Text printed in Canada.
Mission Statement of Yale College The mission of Yale College is to seek

exceptionally promising students of all backgrounds from across the nation and
around the world and to educate them, through mental discipline and social experience, to develop their intellectual, moral, civic, and creative capacities to the fullest.
The aim of this education is the cultivation of citizens with a rich awareness of our
heritage to lead and serve in every sphere of human activity.
The University is committed to basing judgments concerning the admission, education, and employment of individuals upon their qualifications and abilities and
armatively seeks to attract to its faculty, sta, and student body qualified persons of
diverse backgrounds. In accordance with this policy and as delineated by federal and
Connecticut law, Yale does not discriminate in admissions, educational programs, or
employment against any individual on account of that individuals sex, race, color,
religion, age, disability, status as a protected veteran, or national or ethnic origin;
nor does Yale discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity or
expression.
University policy is committed to armative action under law in employment
of women, minority group members, individuals with disabilities, and protected
veterans.
Inquiries concerning these policies may be referred to Valarie Stanley, Director of the Oce for Equal Opportunity Programs, 221 Whitney Avenue, 3rd Floor,
203.432.0849. For additional information, see www.yale.edu/equalopportunity.
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 protects people from sex discrimination in educational programs and activities at institutions that receive federal financial
assistance. Questions regarding Title IX may be referred to the Universitys Title IX
Coordinator, Stephanie Spangler, at 203.432.4446 or at titleix@yale.edu, or to the
U.S. Department of Education, Oce for Civil Rights, 8th Floor, 5 Post Oce Square,
Boston MA 02109-3921; tel. 617.289.0111, fax 617.289.0150, TDD 800.877.8339, or
ocr.boston@ed.gov.
In accordance with federal and state law, the University maintains information on
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safety report containing three years worth of campus crime statistics and security
policy statements, fire safety information, and a description of where students, faculty, and sta should go to report crimes. The fire safety section of the annual report
contains information on current fire safety practices and any fires that occurred within
on-campus student housing facilities. Upon request to the Oce of the Deputy Vice
President for Human Resources and Administration, PO Box 208322, 2 Whitney
Avenue, Suite 810, New Haven CT 06520-8322, 203.432.8049, the University will
provide this information to any applicant for admission, or prospective students and
employees may visit http://publicsafety.yale.edu.
In accordance with federal law, the University prepares an annual report on participation rates, financial support, and other information regarding mens and womens
intercollegiate athletic programs. Upon request to the Director of Athletics, PO Box
208216, New Haven CT 06520-8216, 203.432.1414, the University will provide its
annual report to any student or prospective student. The Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act (EADA) report is also available online at http://ope.ed.gov/athletics.
For all other matters related to admission to Yale College, please write to the Oce of Undergraduate Admissions, Yale University, PO Box 208234, New Haven CT 06520-8234;
telephone, 203.432.9300; Web site, http://admissions.yale.edu.
Yale Universitys Web site is www.yale.edu; the Yale College Programs of Study is online
at http://catalog.yale.edu/ycps.
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BULLETIN OF YALE UNIVERSITY

BULLETIN OF YALE UNIVERSITY

Yale College Programs of Study 20152016

BULLETIN OF YALE UNIVERSITY

BULLETIN OF YALE UNIVERSITY Series 111 Number 9 August 1, 2015(USPS 078-500)

Mission Statement of Yale College The mission of Yale College is to seek

BULLETIN OF YALE UNIVERSITY

Archaeological Studies 137

Key to Course Listings

Course subjects are listed by three- or four-letter abbreviations in

Multiple course instructors are commonly listed as Staff. Refer to

Prerequisites and recommendations are listed at the end of the course

Foreign language courses are designated L1 (first term of language

A course designated RP meets during the reading period. See Reading

A student must obtain the instructors permission before taking a course

ITAL 310/LITR 183

The abbreviation TR denotes a literature course with readings in

English: Pre-1900 Lit

Courses with department-specific designations are applied toward the

HIST 130Jb, MCDB

A capital J or L following the course number denotes a History

Related courses appear in departments other than their own (e.g.,

Arthur K. Watson Hall

Laboratory of Epidemiology and

Yale College Calendar with

Fall Term 2015

Residences open to upperclassmen, 9 a.m.

Residences open to freshmen, 9 a.m.

Required registration meetings for upperclassmen.

Fall-term classes begin, 8:20 a.m.

Friday classes do not meet; Monday classes meet instead.

Labor Day; classes do not meet.

Final deadline to apply for a fall-term Leave of Absence. See Leave of

Withdrawal from Yale College on or before this date entitles a student to a

Last day to convert from the Credit/D/Fail option to a letter grade in a

TH Deadline to apply for a spring-term 2016 Term Abroad. See Special

October recess begins, 11 p.m.

Classes resume, 8:20 a.m.

Yale College Calendar with Pertinent Deadlines

Last day to convert from the Credit/D/Fail option to a letter grade in a

November recess begins, 5:30 p.m.

Classes resume, 8:20 a.m.

Last day to convert from the Credit/D/Fail option to a letter grade in a

Classes end, 5:30 p.m.; reading period begins.

Reading period ends.

TH Final examinations begin, 9 a.m.

Examinations end, 5:30 p.m.; winter recess begins.

Residences close, 12 noon.

Spring Term 2016

Residences open, 9 a.m.

Martin Luther King Jr. Day; classes do not meet.

Spring-term classes begin, 8:20 a.m.

Friday classes do not meet; Monday classes meet instead.

Final course schedules due for the Class of 2019.*

Yale College Programs of Study 20152016

Final course schedules due for the Class of 2016.*