HTML5 and CSS3 The Future of the
Web Programming
HTML
Sergio Lujn Mora
HTML5 & CSS3
Content
Introduction
HTML syntax
Differences HTML/XHTML
Tags
More information
HTML5 & CSS3
INTRODUCTION
HTML5 & CSS3
Introduction
Wikipedia:
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the
predominant markup language for web
pages. HTML elements are the basic
building-blocks of webpages.
HTML5 & CSS3
Introduction
HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting
of tags, enclosed in angle brackets (like <html>),
within the web page content. HTML tags most
commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>,
although some tags, known as empty elements, are
unpaired, for example <img>. The first tag in a pair is
the start tag, the second tag is the end tag (they are
also called opening tags and closing tags). In between
these tags web designers can add text, tags,
comments and other types of text-based content.
HTML5 & CSS3
Introduction
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is not a programming language, it is a
markup language
A markup language is a set of markup tags
HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
HTML5 & CSS3
Introduction
Standard defined by the W3C:
HTML 4.01
HTML 5 (en desarrollo)
XHTML 1.0
XHTML 1.1
XHTML 2 (cancelled)
(December 2011)
HTML5 & CSS3
HTML5 & CSS3
HTML5 & CSS3
Introduction
HTML 1 HTML 4.01:
Based on Standard Generalized Markup
Language (SGML)
XHTML 1:
Based on eXtensible Markup Language
(XML)
HTML5 & CSS3
Introduction
Old HTML (until 4.01):
Defines the visual presentation of the web
page:
Font face and font size
Colors
Size of elements
Some special effects
HTML5 & CSS3
Introduction
New HTML (XHTML 1, HTML5):
Visual presentation CSS
HTML5 & CSS3
HTML SYNTAX
HTML5 & CSS3
HTML5 & CSS3
HTML syntax
HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle
brackets like <html>
HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b>
and </b>
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the
second tag is the end tag
Start and end tags are also called opening tags
and closing tags
HTML5 & CSS3
HTML syntax
Element
<p class="important">This is a paragraph</p>
Start
tag
Attribute
Value
Content
End
tag
HTML5 & CSS3
HTML syntax
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>The title of the web page</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>A paragraph of text</p>
</body>
</html>
HTML5 & CSS3
HTML syntax
Versions HTML 4.01:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01
Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01
Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">
HTML5 & CSS3
HTML syntax
Tag:
Individual: <>
Pair: <> </>
Attributes:
<img src="a.gif">
<input type="radio"
checked="checked">
Upper and lower-case:
<HTML>, <Html>, <html>
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HTML syntax
<!-- Comentario -->
New lines and blank spaces are ignored:
<br />
HTML5 & CSS3
HTML syntax
How can we know if a web page is
correctly written? Validation
W3C: http://validator.w3.org/
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DIFFERENCES HTML/XHTML
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Differences HTML/XHTML
eXtensible HyperText Markup Language
XHTML is based on XML
Syntax is more strict XHTML is a stricter
and cleaner version of HTML
XHTML is almost identical to HTML 4.01
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HTML5 & CSS3
Differences HTML/XHTML
An XHTML document must have only one root
element
Case-sensitive for element and attribute names
Everything in lower-case
<
<
This is wrong:
table WIDTH="100%">
This is correct:
table width="100%">
HTML5 & CSS3
Differences HTML/XHTML
All elements be closed, either by a separate closing
tag or using self closing syntax (e.g. <br />)
<
<
<
<
This is wrong:
p>This is a paragraph
p>This is another paragraph
This is correct:
p>This is a paragraph</p>
p>This is another paragraph</p>
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HTML5 & CSS3
Differences HTML/XHTML
Attribute values must be quoted (single or double
quotes)
This is wrong:
<table width=100%>
This is correct:
<table width="100%">
HTML5 & CSS3
Differences HTML/XHTML
Attribute minimization is not allowed
This is wrong:
<input checked>
<input readonly>
<input disabled>
<option selected>
This is correct:
<input checked="checked" />
<input readonly="readonly" />
<input disabled="disabled" />
<option selected="selected" />
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Differences HTML/XHTML
Three versions:
XHTML Strict
XHTML Transitional
XHTML Frameset
<!DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1strict.dtd">
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"
lang="en">
<head>
<title>An XHTML 1.0 Strict standard template</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type"
content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<p> Your HTML content here </p>
</body>
</html>
HTML5 & CSS3
TAGS
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Tags (1)
Tags that define the structure of the
document: <html>, <head>, <body>
Tags that can be used in the <head>
section: <title>, <base>, <meta>,
<style>, <link>
HTML5 & CSS3
Tags (2)
Tags that define text blocks: <address>,
<blockquote>, <div>, <h1><h6>,
<p>, <pre>, <xmp>
Tags that define lists: <dir>, <dl>,
<dt>, <dd>, <menu>, <ol>, <ul>,
<li>
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HTML5 & CSS3
Tags (3)
Tags that define text format: <b>,
<basefont>,
<big>,
<cite>,
<code>,
<em>,
<font>,
<i>,
<kbd>,
<small>,
<span>,
<strike>,
<strong>,
<sub>,
<sup>, <tt>, <u>, <var>
Tags that define anchors and links: <a>
HTML5 & CSS3
Tags (4)
Tags that define images and image maps:
<img>, <area>, <map>
Tags that define tables: <table>,
<caption>, <thead>, <tbody>,
<tfoot>, <tr>, <th>, <td>
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HTML5 & CSS3
Tags (5)
Tags that define forms: <form>,
<fieldset>, <input>, <select>,
<option>, <textarea>, <label>,
<legend>, <isindex>
Tags that define
<frameset>,
<iframe>
frames: <frame>,
<noframes>,
HTML5 & CSS3
Tags (6)
Tags that define scripts: <script>,
<noscript>
Tags that define applets and plug-ins:
<applet>, <param>, <object>
(<embed> not standard)
Tags that adjust text: <br>, <center>,
<hr>
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HTML5 & CSS3
Metadata (1)
Data about data
Section <head>:
<meta http-equiv="property"
content="content" />
<meta name="property"
content="content" />
HTML5 & CSS3
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Refresh"
content="5;url=http://www.ua.es" />
<meta name="author" content="Programming
in Internet" />
</head>
<body>
<p>In five seconds, this page must
change...</p>
</body>
</html>
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HTML5 & CSS3
Metadata (2)
<meta name="copyright"
content="Company, author,
designer" />
<meta name="keywords"
content="keywords,
separated, by, comas" />
HTML5 & CSS3
Metadata (3)
<meta name="description"
content="Description of the
content and the purpose of the
website" />
<meta name="author" content="A
person or a company" />
<meta name="robots"
content="index, follow" />
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HTML5 & CSS3
Metadata (4)
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html;
charset=iso-8859-1" />
<meta http-equiv="ContentLanguage" content="ES" />
<meta http-equiv="ContentScript-Type"
content="JavaScript" />
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Text format (1)
Headings: <h1>, ..., <h6>
Physic styles: <b>, <i>, ...
Logical styles: <cite>, <code>,
<em>, <strong> ...
HTML5 & CSS3
Text format (2)
<font face="" size="">
YOU NEVER MUST USE FONT
You must use CSS instead of
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HTML5 & CSS3
Text format (3)
CSS:
Inline:
style="font-face: ; font-size: "
Embedded:
<style type="text/css">
selector {font-face: ; font-size: }
</style>
External file:
selector {font-face: ; font-size: }
HTML5 & CSS3
Text format (4)
Serif font types:
Letra Courier New
Letra Georgia
Letra Times New Roman
Sans-serif font types:
Letra Arial
Letra Tahoma
Letra Verdana
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HTML5 & CSS3
Lists
Definition list
<dl>, <dt>, <dd>
Ordered list
<ol>, <li>
Unordered list
<ul>, <li>
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Links (1)
Link to a target in the same
document (internal link):
Link: <a href="#name"></a>
Target: <a name="name"></a>
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HTML5 & CSS3
Links (2)
Link to another document (external
link):
<a href="page.html"></a>
HTML5 & CSS3
Links (3)
Link to a target in another document:
Link:
<a href="page.html#name"></a>
Target: <a name="name"></a>
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HTML5 & CSS3
Links (4)
Be careful with:
Upper and lower case
Strange characters (use only English
alphabet)
Physical paths
(file:///c:\myweb\groups.html)
HTML5 & CSS3
Tables (1)
Dont use tables for layout, only for data
Tags and structure:
<table></table>
<tr></tr>
<th></th>
<td></td>
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HTML5 & CSS3
Tables (2)
Other tags:
<thead>, <tbody>, <tfoot>
<caption>
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HTML5 & CSS3
Images (1)
<img>
Mandatory attributes:
src, alt
Optional attributes:
width, height
longdesc
border Deprecated
HTML5 & CSS3
Images (2)
Types of images:
GIF (maximum 256 colors)
JPG, (maximum 16M colors)
PNG
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HTML5 & CSS3
Forms (1)
Send data from Client Server
<form name="name"
action="page.html"
method="methd">
Form controls
</form>
Methods:
POST
GET
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HTML5 & CSS3
HTML5 & CSS3
Forms (2)
Attributes: name and value
Buttons (to send data, to reset form and
other actions):
<input type="submit">
<input type="reset">
<input type="button">, <button>
<input type="image">
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HTML5 & CSS3
Forms (3)
Check boxes:
<input type="checkbox">
Radio buttons:
<input type="radio">
Text boxes:
<input type="text">
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HTML5 & CSS3
Forms (4)
Password text boxes:
<input type="password">
Hidden fields:
<input type="hidden">
Sending a file:
<input type="file">
HTML5 & CSS3
Forms (5)
Selection lists:
<select>, <option>, <optgroup>
Text areas:
<textarea>
Label of a control:
<label>
Group of controls:
<fieldset>, <legend>
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MORE INFORMATION
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